micafungin profile

Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	477468
CHEMBL ID	457547
CHEBI ID	600520
SCHEMBL ID	11893279
MeSH ID	M0414899

Synonym
r10h71bswg ,
unii-r10h71bswg
mycamine(tm)
micafungin
[5-[(1s,2s)-2-[[(1r)-3-amino-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-propyl]-tetrahydroxy-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-methyl-hexaoxo-[[4-[5-(4-pentoxyphenyl)isoxazol-3-yl]benzoyl]amino][?]yl]-1,2-dihydroxy-ethyl]-2-hydroxy-phenyl] hydrogen sulfate
DB01141
micafungin [inn]
pneumocandin a0, 1-((4r,5r)-4,5-dihydroxy-n2-(4-(5-(4-(pentyloxy)phenyl)-3-isoxazolyl)benzoyl]-l-ornithine)-4-((4s)-4-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)phenyl)-l-threonine)-
D08218
micafungin (inn)
5.1:6-anhydro{(4r,5r)-4,5-dihydroxy-n(2)-(4-{5-[4-(pentyloxy)phenyl]isoxazol-3-yl}benzoyl)-l-ornithyl-l-threonyl-(4r)-4-hydroxy-l-prolyl-(4s)-4-hydroxy-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)phenyl]-l-threonyl-(3r)-3-hydroxy-l-glutaminyl-(3s,4s)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-l-pr
CHEBI:600520 ,
CHEMBL457547
micafungin [who-dd]
micafungin [mi]
micafungin [ema epar]
pneumocandin a0, 1-((4r,5r)-4,5-dihydroxy-n(sup 2)-(4-(5-(4-(pentyloxy)phenyl)-3-isoxazolyl)benzoyl)-l-ornithine)-4-((4s)-4-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)phenyl)-l-threonine)-
micafungin [vandf]
micafungin [jan]
PIEUQSKUWLMALL-YABMTYFHSA-N
SCHEMBL11893279
bdbm50478216
J-015136
DTXSID90873341 ,
Q6827850
EN300-19634541
micafunginum
dtxcid20820848
micafungina
j02ax05
micafungine
pneumocandin a0, 1-((4r,5r)-4,5-dihydroxy-n2-(4-(5-(4-(pentyloxy)phenyl)-3-isoxazolyl)benzoyl)-l-ornithine)-4-((4s)-4-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)phenyl)-l-threonine)-

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Micafungin is an echinocandin with potent activity against Candida spp. "	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants. Arrieta, A; Benjamin, DK; Buell, DN; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Hope, WW; Kaibara, A; Roy, M; Smith, PB; Walsh, TJ, 2010)	2.09
"Micafungin is an echinocandin-type antifungal agent used for the clinical treatment of invasive fungal infections. "	( Improving the production of the micafungin precursor FR901379 in an industrial production strain. Huang, X; Lu, X; Men, P; Xie, L; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhou, Y, 2023)	2.64
"Micafungin (MCFG) is an echinocandin antifungal drug used for prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). "	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin in unrelated cord blood transplant recipients. Isobe, M; Kato, S; Konuma, T; Mizusawa, M; Oiwa-Monna, M; Takahashi, S; Tojo, A; Yasu, T, 2019)	2.27
"Micafungin is an antifungal agent which, used in prophylaxis, has demonstrated good efﬁcacy and an excellent toxicity proﬁle, making it an apparently interesting option in patients requiring antifungal prophylaxis during their hospitalisation episode."	( Micafungin as antifungal prophylaxis in non-transplanted haemotological patients. Bergua, JM; García Belmonte, D; García, J; Olave, MT; Queipo de Llano, MP; Romero, A; Vázquez, L; Villaescusa, T, 2020)	3.44
"Micafungin is a selective inhibitor of the synthesis of fungal 1,3-β-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall. "	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Micafungin. Brüggemann, RJ; Burger, DM; Knibbe, CA; Muilwijk, EW; Verweij, PE; Wasmann, RE, 2018)	2.18
"Micafungin is a broad-spectrum echinocandin with activity against Candida and Aspergillus spp."	( Effectiveness and Tolerability of Micafungin in Chinese Patients with Invasive Fungal Infections: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study. Hu, J; Huang, X; Li, J; Li, W; Liu, K; Liu, Q; Luo, J; Niu, T; Wang, X; Zhang, X; Zheng, X; Zhou, J, 2018)	1.48
"Micafungin proved to be a HAAB agent when administered both systemically and in lock therapy in an animal model of CRC, although the bioluminescence signal persists after treatment."	( Assessment of the anti-biofilm effect of micafungin in an animal model of catheter-related candidemia. Bouza, E; Cussó, L; Desco, M; Guembe, M; Guinea, J; Kestler, M; Muñoz, P; Salinas, B, 2019)	1.5
"Micafungin is an echinocandin drug frequently used as therapy or prophylaxis for fungal infections, predominantly with Candida species."	( Pharmacokinetics and probability of target attainment for micafungin in normal-weight and morbidly obese adults. Brüggemann, RJM; Burger, DM; Knibbe, CAJ; Koele, SE; Smit, C; Ter Heine, R; van Dongen, EPH; Wasmann, RE; Wiezer, RMJ, 2019)	1.48
"Micafungin is a well-tolerated and effective prophylactic antifungal agent used in hematologic diseases. "	( Micafungin prophylaxis for acute leukemia patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. Bang, SM; Hong, J; Kim, I; Kim, NJ; Koh, Y; Lee, JO; Park, H; Park, WB; Shin, DY; Yoon, SS; Youk, J, 2019)	3.4
"Micafungin is an echinocandin with demonstrated antifungal activity against a wide spectrum of Candida spp.; this subanalysis of data from the MYRIADE study describes the use of micafungin and its therapeutic outcomes in pediatric patients, in normal clinical practice."	( Use of Micafungin for the Prevention and Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections in Everyday Pediatric Care in France: Results of the MYRIADE Study. Gachot, B; Leverger, G; Milpied, N; Timsit, JF, 2019)	1.69
"Micafungin (MCFG) is an antifungal agent that is widely used for the treatment of invasive fungal infection. "	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Kako, S; Kanda, Y; Kishino, S; Kurokawa, M; Ohno, K; Oshima, K, 2013)	2.16
"Micafungin is a non-reversible inhibitor of 1, 3-β-D-glucan synthase and interferes with fungal cell wall synthesis. "	( A genome-wide screening of potential target genes to enhance the antifungal activity of micafungin in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Fang, Y; gerile, W; Jaiseng, W; Kuno, T; Ma, Y; Yamada, Y; Zhou, X, 2013)	2.05
"Micafungin is an echinocandin with proven efficacy against a broad range of fungal infections, including those caused by Candida spp."	( Safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of repeated-dose micafungin in children and adolescents treated for invasive candidiasis. Arrieta, A; Azie, N; Benjamin, DK; Deville, JG; Kovanda, L; Roy, M; Wu, C, 2013)	2.08
"Micafungin (MCF) is an antifungal agent of the echinocandin class approved in Europe both in adults and in children for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. "	( Quantification of micafungin in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Bandettini, R; Barco, S; Cangemi, G; Castagnola, E, 2014)	2.18
"Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal drug with activity against all major Candida spp."	( Micafungin for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Aliyu, SH; Enoch, DA; Idris, SF; Karas, JA; Micallef, C; Sule, O, 2014)	2.57
"Micafungin is an echinocandin with potent activity against a broad range of fungal species, including Candida species. "	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in subjects with severe hepatic dysfunction. Pretorius, B; Stevenson, P; Undre, N, 2015)	2.18
"Micafungin is a potent echinocandin antifungal that can be used for both prophylaxis and treatment of Candida infections. "	( Pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of repeated-dose prophylactic micafungin in children and adolescents undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Albano, E; Arrieta, A; Azie, N; Roy, M; Townsend, R, 2015)	2.1
"Micafungin is an effective antifungal agent useful for the therapy of invasive candidiasis. "	( Postantifungal Effect of Micafungin against the Species Complexes of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Eraso, E; Gil-Alonso, S; Jauregizar, N; Quindós, G, 2015)	2.16
"Micafungin is a costly treatment and packaging of 50 mg or 100 mg bottles only are available, while doses lower than 5 mg and 20 mg are often necessary in neonates and paediatrics patients, respectively. "	( Stability of micafungin sodium solutions at different concentrations in glass bottles and syringes. Briot, T; Lagarce, F; Vrignaud, S, 2015)	2.23
"Micafungin is a recently approved echinocandin-class antifungal agent that is now widely used in Japan because of its minimal toxicity and broadspectrum activity."	( Breakthrough cryptococcosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) receiving micafungin. Ino, K; Katayama, N; Nakase, K; Sekine, T; Sugawara, Y; Suzuki, K, 2008)	1.29
"Micafungin is a new lipopeptide antifungal agent of the echinocandin class."	( [Clinical efficacies of antifungal injections]. Fujii, Y; Inase, N; Yoshizawa, Y, 2008)	1.07
"Micafungin is a potent inhibitor of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, an enzyme necessary for cell-wall synthesis of several fungal pathogens."	( Micafungin: a sulfated echinocandin. Hashimoto, S, 2009)	2.52
"Micafungin (MCFG) is an echinocandin antifungal agent that exhibits potent activity against most species of Candida and Aspergillus. "	( In vitro antifungal combination effects of micafungin with fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and flucytosine against clinical isolates of Candida species. Asari, S; Iwatani, Y; Nishi, I; Sunada, A; Toyokawa, M, 2009)	2.06
"Micafungin is an echinocandin-class antifungal agent licensed for treatment of invasive disease in adults. "	( Hepatitis associated with micafungin use in a preterm infant. Edwards, MS; King, KY; Word, BM, 2009)	2.1
"Micafungin is a poor substrate for the cytochrome P450 enzymes, and compared to azoles, fewer drug interactions have been described."	( [Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of micafungin in adults, children and neonate]. Carlos Montejo-González, J; Catalán-González, M, 2009)	1.34
"Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal drug recently approved for the treatment of candidiasis. "	( [Micafungin: experimental therapy of fungal infections in animal models]. Guarro, J; Javier Pastor, F, 2009)	2.71
"Micafungin is a new and very useful pharmacological tool for the treatment of invasive mycoses with a wide antifungal spectrum for the most common pathogenic fungi. "	( [In vitro antifungal activity of micafungin]. Cantón, E; Eraso, E; Javier Carrillo-Muñoz, A; Pemán, J; Quindós, G, 2009)	2.08
"Micafungin is a first line drug for the treatment of invasive Candida disease and may be used as a pre- emptive approach followed by a de-escalating strategy with azoles."	( [Clinical use of micafungin for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in critical ill patients]. Pozo-Laderas, JC, 2009)	1.41
"Micafungin is an echinocandin approved for the prevention of Candida spp. "	( [Micafungin for therapy of invasive candidiasis in solid organ transplant recipients]. Fortún-Abete, J, 2009)	2.71
"Micafungin is a echinocandin. "	( [Future role of micafungin in the treatment of invasive mycoses caused by filamentous fungi]. Salavert-Lletí, M; Zaragoza-Crespo, R, 2009)	2.14
"Micafungin is a new antifungal drug of the Echinocandins group."	( Micafungin-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report and review of the literature. Arma, F; Assaly, R; Muzaffar, M; Nazzal, M; Safi, F, 2011)	2.53
"Micafungin is an echinocandin drug that is effective against both Candida and Aspergillus, and preliminary clinical studies have shown good antifungal activity."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for treating febrile neutropenia in hematological malignancies. Goto, N; Hara, T; Kanemura, N; Kasahara, S; Kitagawa, J; Matsuura, K; Moriwaki, H; Nakamura, M; Ogawa, K; Shimizu, M; Tsurumi, H; Yamada, T, 2010)	1.39
"Micafungin is a new antifungal drug recently introduced in our country."	( [Experience of micafungin in patients requiring extrarenal depuration]. Alvarez-Lerma, F; Díaz, Y; Fernández, J; Grau, S, 2010)	1.43
"Micafungin is a promising therapeutic option for treatment of invasive fungal infections in infants given its safety profile in older children and adults."	( Safety of micafungin in infants: insights into optimal dosing. Ascher, S; Benjamin, DK; Smith, PB, 2011)	1.49
"Micafungin (MCFG) is a novel echinocandin-class antifungal agent that extensively undergoes metabolic removal in the liver. "	( Effect of blood decrease on micafungin disposition in rats. Fukushima, K; Iga, I; Konishi, H; Minouchi, T; Shibata, N; Sudo, M; Sumi, M; Yamaji, A, 2011)	2.11
"Micafungin is an echinocandin approved by the European Medicines Evaluation Agency for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in children, including premature infants born before 29 weeks of pregnancy, and as prophylaxis in children undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation or patients at risk of prolonged neutropenia. "	( [Why might micafungin be the drug of choice in pediatric patients?]. Guillén Martín, S; Prieto Tato, L; Ramos Amador, JT, 2011)	2.2
"Micafungin is a semisynthetic lipopeptide developed from Coleophoma empetri, which blocks the synthesis of β-1,3-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal wall, though non-competitive inhibition of β-1,3-D-glucan synthetase. "	( [Scientific evidence supporting the use of micafungin in the treatment of invasive candidiasis]. Montejo, M; Quindós, G, 2011)	2.07
"Micafungin is an echinocandin lacking in relevant interactions and consequently its dosage requires no adjustment in any of its indications."	( [Drug interactions in critically-ill patients. An important factor in the use of micafungin?]. Garnacho-Montero, J; Jiménez Parrilla, F, 2011)	1.32
"Micafungin (FK463) is a widely used treatment for life-threatening, deep-seated fungal infections. "	( Strain selection and scale-up fermentation for FR901379 acylase production by Streptomyces sp. no. 6907. Hashimoto, S; Hino, M; Isogai, Y; Kinoshita, M; Oohata, N; Shimizu, S; Tanaka, F; Tsuboi, M; Ueda, S; Yamada, M, 2011)	1.81
"Micafungin is a member of the echinocandins, a novel class of antifungal agents that target the biosynthesis of β-1,3-D-glucan, a key fungal cell wall component."	( Micafungin use in children. Emiroglu, M, 2011)	2.53
"Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent with potent activity against most species of Candida and Aspergillus."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for invasive candida infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chai, D; Chen, ML; Chen, Q; Lin, MH; Liu, ZY; Wang, R, 2012)	1.41
"Micafungin is a new echinocandin drug with a wide antifungal spectrum including rare Candida species."	( [Candida glabrata : pathogenicity and therapy update]. Tietz, HJ, 2012)	1.1
"Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent that is important for treating candidiasis in emergency and intensive care medicine; however, current methods for measuring micafungin plasma levels are lengthy and complicated. "	( Simple column-switching HPLC method for determining levels of the antifungal agent micafungin in human plasma and application to patient samples. Kobayashi, H; Kuwabara, N; Nakagawa, S; Ohta, S; Shimoeda, S; Yamato, S, 2013)	2.06
"Micafungin is a new echinocandin with broad-spectrum in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against both Aspergillus and Candida species. "	( In vivo activity of micafungin in a persistently neutropenic murine model of disseminated infection caused by Candida tropicalis. Denning, DW; Morrissey, G; Sharp, A; Warn, PA, 2002)	2.08
"Micafungin sodium (MCFG) is a new lipopeptide antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. "	( [Antifungal activity and clinical efficacy of micafungin sodium (Funguard)]. Ikeda, F, 2003)	2.02
"Micafungin, which is a member of the echinocandin class, exhibits in vitro fungicidal or fungistatic activity against a variety of fungal pathogens which include Candida and Aspergillus species but not Cryptococcus, Fusarium or Zygomycetes."	( Micafungin: pharmacology, experimental therapeutics and clinical applications. Groll, AH; Roilides, E; Stergiopoulou, T; Walsh, TJ, 2005)	2.49
"Micafungin is an antifungal agent and a mild inhibitor of CYP3A-mediated metabolism in vitro."	( Concomitant cyclosporine and micafungin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Austin, S; Balan, G; Bekersky, I; Blough, DK; Buell, D; Hebert, MF; Keirns, J; Townsend, RW, 2005)	1.34
"Micafungin (FK463) is a new parenteral echinocandin. "	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of Micafungin (FK463) in febrile neutropenic pediatric patients. Albano, E; Arrieta, A; Buell, DN; Facklam, DP; Flynn, P; Keirns, J; Lau, WM; Schwartz, C; Seibel, NL; Shad, A; Walsh, TJ, 2005)	2.03
"Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent and a mild inhibitor of CYP3A metabolism in vitro."	( Concomitant tacrolimus and micafungin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Allison, M; Bekersky, I; Blough, DK; Buell, D; Hebert, MF; Keirns, J; Townsend, RW, 2005)	1.35
"Micafungin is an antifungal agent metabolized by arylsulfatase with secondary metabolism by catechol-O-methyltransferase. "	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in healthy volunteers, volunteers with moderate liver disease, and volunteers with renal dysfunction. Bekersky, I; Buell, D; Hebert, MF; Keirns, J; Marbury, TC; Smith, HE; Smith, WB; Swan, SK; Townsend, RW, 2005)	2.09
"Micafungin is a new echinocandin antifungal agent with excellent in vitro activity against Candida spp."	( International, open-label, noncomparative, clinical trial of micafungin alone and in combination for treatment of newly diagnosed and refractory candidemia. Anaissie, EJ; Buell, DN; Facklam, D; Jacobs, P; Kontoyiannis, D; Lau, W; Lipton, J; Mullane, KM; Ostrosky-Zeichner, L; Raffalli, J; Rex, JH; van Rensburg, JH; Vazquez, J, 2005)	1.29
"Micafungin (MCFG) is a new lipopeptide antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. "	( [Antifungal activity and clinical efficacy of micafungin (funguard)]. Ikeda, F, 2005)	2.03
"Micafungin is a new echinocandin exhibiting broad-spectrum activity against Candida spp. "	( Activities of micafungin against 315 invasive clinical isolates of fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. Boyken, L; Diekema, DJ; Hollis, RJ; Messer, SA; Pfaller, MA; Tendolkar, S, 2006)	2.14
"Micafungin is a newly approved antifungal agent in the echinocandin class that is active against Candida species and Aspergillus species. "	( Breakthrough trichosporonosis in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving micafungin. Asada, N; Koseki, M; Matsue, K; Takeuchi, M; Uryu, H, 2006)	2
"Micafungin (FK463) is a new lipopeptide compound (echinocandin) with activity against Aspergillus and Candida species. "	( Micafungin (FK463), alone or in combination with other systemic antifungal agents, for the treatment of acute invasive aspergillosis. Becker, C; Buell, DN; Denning, DW; Facklam, DP; Flynn, PM; Lau, WM; Marr, KA; Patterson, TF; Ratanatharathorn, V; Seibel, NL; Ullmann, AJ; van Burik, JA, 2006)	3.22
"Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent that has recently been approved for the prevention of invasive fungal infection and the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. "	( Global surveillance of in vitro activity of micafungin against Candida: a comparison with caspofungin by CLSI-recommended methods. Boyken, L; Diekema, DJ; Hollis, RJ; Messer, SA; Pfaller, MA; Tendolkar, S, 2006)	2.04
"Micafungin is an echinocandin that works by inhibiting 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme responsible for fungal cell wall synthesis."	( The pharmacokinetics and safety of micafungin, a novel echinocandin, in premature infants. Blumer, JL; Buell, DN; Gerstmann, DR; Heresi, GP; Kearns, GL; Keirns, JJ; Kovanda, L; Reed, MD; van den Anker, JN, 2006)	1.33
"Micafungin is an echinocandin recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration."	( Micafungin: a new echinocandin antifungal. Danziger, LH; Jain, R; Joseph, JM, 2007)	2.5
"Micafungin is a poor substrate for the cytochrome P450 enzymes, and compared to azoles, fewer drug interactions are described."	( Role of micafungin in the antifungal armamentarium. Aoki, Y; Barrett, D; Ikeda, F; Katashima, M; Maki, K; Matsumoto, S; Ohki, H; Tanaka, S, 2007)	1.5
"Micafungin is a relatively broad-spectrum antifungal agent available for clinical use in the US and Japan. "	( The echinocandin micafungin: a review of the pharmacology, spectrum of activity, clinical efficacy and safety. Lewis, JS; Wiederhold, NP, 2007)	2.12
"Micafungin is a new drug in the echinocandin class and is currently being investigated in Phase III clinical trials. "	( Micafungin sodium, the second of the echinocandin class of antifungals: theory and practice. Cornely, OA; Vehreschild, JJ, 2006)	3.22
"Micafungin (FK463) is an echinocandin that demonstrates potent in vitro antifungal activities against Candida and Aspergillus species. "	( Comparative antifungal activities and plasma pharmacokinetics of micafungin (FK463) against disseminated candidiasis and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently neutropenic rabbits. Bacher, J; Bekersky, I; Groll, AH; Hemmings, M; Lyman, CA; Petraitiene, R; Petraitis, V; Roussillon, K; Sein, T; Walsh, TJ, 2002)	2

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Micafungin has a distinct advantage for antifungal prophylaxis in HSCT owing to its better safety profile, specifically in terms of hepatic and renal toxicity. "	( Micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in children undergoing HSCT: can we give higher doses, less frequently? A pharmacokinetic study. Chandra, S; Davies, SM; Fukuda, T; Marsh, RA; Mehta, PA; Mizuno, K; Tarin, R; Teusink-Cross, A; Vinks, AA, 2018)	3.37
"Micafungin has a good safety and tolerability profile, with an efficacy in preventing IFI in this high-risk population."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients undergoing haplo-identical hematopoietic SCT. Berger, P; Blaise, D; Bouabdallah, R; Chabannon, C; Coso, D; Crocchiolo, R; Duran, S; El-Cheikh, J; Faucher, C; Fougereau, E; Fürst, S; Granata, A; Oudin, C; Venton, G; Vey, N, 2013)	1.42
"Micafungin has a safe profile in premature and non-premature infants with substantial efficacy."	( Micafungin in premature and non-premature infants: a systematic review of 9 clinical trials. Manzoni, P; Roilides, E; Tweddle, L; Wu, C, 2014)	3.29
"Micafungin has a potent mechanism of action: inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase interfering with fungal cell wall synthesis. "	( [Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of micafungin in adults, children and neonate]. Carlos Montejo-González, J; Catalán-González, M, 2009)	2.06
"Micafungin has a good safety profile (similar to fluconazole)."	( [Clinical use of micafungin for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in critical ill patients]. Pozo-Laderas, JC, 2009)	1.41
"Micafungin has an excellent efficacy (61.7%) and safety profile when used as an empirical antifungal agent in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological disorders."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin as an empirical antifungal agent for febrile neutropenic patients with hematological diseases. Choi, CW; Choi, JH; Jang, JH; Jeong, SH; Jung, CW; Kim, DH; Kim, K; Kim, SJ; Park, JS; Yang, DH, 2010)	2.11
"Micafungin has a favorable safety and drug-drug interaction profile."	( Micafungin use in children. Emiroglu, M, 2011)	2.53
"Micafungin has a good safety and tolerability profile, with an efficacy at least comparable to the other antifungal agents. "	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for invasive candida infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chai, D; Chen, ML; Chen, Q; Lin, MH; Liu, ZY; Wang, R, 2012)	2.13
"Micafungin has come to prominence for these patients."	( Bridging antifungal prophylaxis with 50 mg or 100 mg micafungin in allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective analysis. Carney, J; Claßen, A; Hallek, M; Holtick, U; Mellinghoff, SC; Rothe, A; Scheid, C; von Bergwelt-Baildon, M, 2020)	1.53
"Micafungin has a distinct advantage for antifungal prophylaxis in HSCT owing to its better safety profile, specifically in terms of hepatic and renal toxicity. "	( Micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in children undergoing HSCT: can we give higher doses, less frequently? A pharmacokinetic study. Chandra, S; Davies, SM; Fukuda, T; Marsh, RA; Mehta, PA; Mizuno, K; Tarin, R; Teusink-Cross, A; Vinks, AA, 2018)	3.37
"Micafungin (MCA) has broad-spectrum fungicidal activity against Candida spp."	( A Phase 3 Study of Micafungin Versus Amphotericin B Deoxycholate in Infants With Invasive Candidiasis. Arrieta, A; Benjamin, DK; Hope, WW; Isaacson, B; Jednachowski, D; Kaibara, A; Kaufman, DA; Kovanda, LL; Lademacher, C; Manzoni, P; Smith, PB; Walsh, TJ; Wu, C, 2018)	1.53
"Micafungin has broad-spectrum fungicidal activity against Candida spp."	( Micafungin is a novel anti-viral agent of chikungunya virus through multiple mechanisms. Gong, Z; Ho, YJ; Hsieh, PS; Hu, MK; Lin, CC; Lin, TY; Liu, FC; Lu, JW; Yang, CM; Yeh, CT, 2018)	2.64
"Micafungin has a good safety and tolerability profile, with an efficacy in preventing IFI in this high-risk population."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients undergoing haplo-identical hematopoietic SCT. Berger, P; Blaise, D; Bouabdallah, R; Chabannon, C; Coso, D; Crocchiolo, R; Duran, S; El-Cheikh, J; Faucher, C; Fougereau, E; Fürst, S; Granata, A; Oudin, C; Venton, G; Vey, N, 2013)	1.42
"Micafungin has been approved for the prophylaxis of Candida infections in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). "	( Micafungin as antifungal prophylaxis in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: results of different dosage levels in clinical practice. Kröger, NM; Langebrake, C; Lellek, H; Rohde, H; Wolschke, C, 2014)	3.29
"Micafungin has a safe profile in premature and non-premature infants with substantial efficacy."	( Micafungin in premature and non-premature infants: a systematic review of 9 clinical trials. Manzoni, P; Roilides, E; Tweddle, L; Wu, C, 2014)	3.29
"Micafungin has a potent mechanism of action: inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase interfering with fungal cell wall synthesis. "	( [Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of micafungin in adults, children and neonate]. Carlos Montejo-González, J; Catalán-González, M, 2009)	2.06
"Micafungin has a good safety profile (similar to fluconazole)."	( [Clinical use of micafungin for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in critical ill patients]. Pozo-Laderas, JC, 2009)	1.41
"Micafungin has shown fungicide activity against Candida species, including strains resistant or poorly susceptible to fluconazole. "	( [Micafungin for therapy of invasive candidiasis in solid organ transplant recipients]. Fortún-Abete, J, 2009)	2.71
"Micafungin has shown efficacy in antifungal prophylaxis among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis."	( [Micafungin in invasive candidiasis among oncohematological patients]. Angel Sanz, M; Jarque, I, 2009)	1.98
"Micafungin has very good antifungal activity against a wide range of Candida spp."	( Micafungin: a review of its use in the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive Candida infections in pediatric patients. Carter, NJ; Keating, GM, 2009)	2.52
"Micafungin therapy has been assessed in two phase 3 trials compared to either liposomal amphotericin B or caspofungin."	( Factors related to survival and treatment success in invasive candidiasis or candidemia: a pooled analysis of two large, prospective, micafungin trials. Buell, DN; Cornely, OA; Horn, DL; Kovanda, LL; Morris, MI; Ostrosky-Zeichner, L; Ullmann, AJ; Wu, C, 2010)	1.29
"Micafungin has an excellent efficacy (61.7%) and safety profile when used as an empirical antifungal agent in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological disorders."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin as an empirical antifungal agent for febrile neutropenic patients with hematological diseases. Choi, CW; Choi, JH; Jang, JH; Jeong, SH; Jung, CW; Kim, DH; Kim, K; Kim, SJ; Park, JS; Yang, DH, 2010)	2.11
"Micafungin has few drug-drug interactions and an acceptable safety profile."	( [Why might micafungin be the drug of choice in pediatric patients?]. Guillén Martín, S; Prieto Tato, L; Ramos Amador, JT, 2011)	1.48
"Micafungin has proven to be cost-effective in prophylaxis if the local fungal epidemiology indicates a high level of resistance to fluconazole."	( Treatment and prophylaxis of invasive candidiasis with anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin and its impact on use and costs: review of the literature. Wilke, M, 2011)	1.31
"Micafungin has a favorable safety and drug-drug interaction profile."	( Micafungin use in children. Emiroglu, M, 2011)	2.53
"Micafungin has been shown to have dose-related efficacy and to be well tolerated in patients with HIV and EC."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in HIV positive patients with confirmed esophageal candidiasis. Baraldi, E; Stevenson, P; Undre, N, 2012)	1.42
"Micafungin has a good safety and tolerability profile, with an efficacy at least comparable to the other antifungal agents. "	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for invasive candida infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chai, D; Chen, ML; Chen, Q; Lin, MH; Liu, ZY; Wang, R, 2012)	2.13
"Micafungin has stronger in vitro antifungal activity than caspofungin."	( In vitro antifungal activity of micafungin and caspofungin against dermatophytes isolated from China. Bao, YQ; Li, RY; Wan, Z, 2013)	2.12
"Micafungin (FK463) has the capacity to reduce adherence of C. "	( Effect of Micafungin (FK463) on Candida albicans adherence to epithelial cells. Borg-von Zepelin, M; Gross, U; Monod, M; Müller, FM; Zaschke, K, 2002)	2.16
"Micafungin has killing activity against actively growing hyphae, even though it is not fungicidal against the whole burden of Aspergillus fumigatus."	( Killing activity of micafungin against Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae assessed by specific fluorescent staining for cell viability. Hatano, K; Ikeda, F; Matsumoto, S; Nakai, T; Watabe, E, 2003)	1.36
"Micafungin has shown in vitro activity against many yeasts and a variety of molds. "	( Micafungin. Carver, PL, 2004)	3.21
"Micafungin has activity against Aspergillus spp. "	( Micafungin. Carver, PL, 2004)	3.21
"Micafungin has demonstrated efficacy as antifungal prophylaxis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis."	( Echinocandins in the management of invasive fungal infections, Part 2. Morris, MI; Villmann, M, 2006)	1.06
"Micafungin has excellent in vitro activity against invasive clinical isolates of Candida from centers worldwide."	( Global surveillance of in vitro activity of micafungin against Candida: a comparison with caspofungin by CLSI-recommended methods. Boyken, L; Diekema, DJ; Hollis, RJ; Messer, SA; Pfaller, MA; Tendolkar, S, 2006)	1.32
"Micafungin has been approved by the US FDA for treatment of esophageal candidiasis and for antifungal prophylaxis during the pre-engraftment phase in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation."	( Micafungin sodium, the second of the echinocandin class of antifungals: theory and practice. Cornely, OA; Vehreschild, JJ, 2006)	2.5
"Micafungin has excellent antifungal effects in vitro against C. "	( Antifungal susceptibility testing of micafungin against Candida glabrata isolates. Fothergill, A; Kirkpatrick, WR; Oliveira, ER; Patterson, TF; Redding, SW, 2008)	2.06

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Micafungin treatment tends to suppress inflammatory cytokines in the plasma 12 h after infection in both groups."	( Evaluation of Candida peritonitis with underlying peritoneal fibrosis and efficacy of micafungin in murine models of intra-abdominal candidiasis. Abe, S; Ashizawa, N; Imamura, Y; Izumikawa, K; Kohno, S; Koji, T; Miyazaki, T; Mukae, H; Nishino, T; Obata, Y; Saijo, T; Shimamura, S; Takazono, T; Yamamoto, K; Yanagihara, K, 2019)	1.46
"Micafungin is a costly treatment and packaging of 50 mg or 100 mg bottles only are available, while doses lower than 5 mg and 20 mg are often necessary in neonates and paediatrics patients, respectively. "	( Stability of micafungin sodium solutions at different concentrations in glass bottles and syringes. Briot, T; Lagarce, F; Vrignaud, S, 2015)	2.23
"Micafungin treatment did not result in increasing adverse effects and had a safe profile as fluconazole in neutropenic patients."	( Use of micafungin versus fluconazole for antifungal prophylaxis in neutropenic patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Asakura, S; Fujii, N; Hara, M; Hiramatsu, Y; Ikeda, K; Maeda, Y; Matsuo, K; Matsuoka, KI; Miyata, A; Nawa, Y; Saito, T; Shinagawa, K; Sunami, K; Tabayashi, T; Tanimoto, M; Yano, T, 2008)	1.52
"Micafungin treatment success rates were generally similar in patients with/without malignancy and to rates observed with L-AmB and caspofungin."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for treatment of serious Candida infections in patients with or without malignant disease. Cornely, OA; Marty, FM; Pappas, PG; Stucker, F; Ullmann, AJ, 2011)	1.4
"Micafungin treatment was initiated more than 72 h after the burn injuries."	( Micafungin concentrations in the plasma and burn eschar of severely burned patients. Aikawa, N; Endo, T; Hori, S; Kishino, S; Kudo, D; Kushimoto, S; Nomura, R; Sasaki, J; Shinozawa, Y; Takuma, K; Yamanouchi, S, 2012)	2.54
"Treatment with micafungin (3 mg/kg/day) resulted in normalization of liver function and inflammatory laboratory values and improvement of clinical condition."	( Pharmacological resolution of a multiloculated Candida spp. liver abscess in a preterm neonate. Bedetta, M; Benjamin, DK; Manzoni, P; Mostert, M; Paolillo, P; Picone, S, 2013)	0.73
"Treatment with micafungin did not cause significantly increased cytotoxicity."	( Cardiac Effects of Echinocandins in Endotoxemic Rats. Henrich, M; Koch, C; Lichtenstern, C; Uhle, F; Weigand, MA; Wolff, M, 2016)	0.77
"Treatment with micafungin alone or combined with amphotericin B produced swelling of invasive hyphae that was not present in mice treated with the vehicle or amphotericin B alone."	( Effect of amphotericin B and micafungin combination on survival, histopathology, and fungal burden in experimental aspergillosis in the p47phox-/- mouse model of chronic granulomatous disease. Bernacki, RJ; Brun, Y; Dennis, CG; Greco, WR; Holland, SM; Lewis, R; Petraitiene, R; Segal, BH; Slocum, HK; Walsh, TJ; Wiederhold, N; Youn, R, 2006)	0.96

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The most common overall adverse events in the study population were diarrhea (19."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of Micafungin (FK463) in febrile neutropenic pediatric patients. Albano, E; Arrieta, A; Buell, DN; Facklam, DP; Flynn, P; Keirns, J; Lau, WM; Schwartz, C; Seibel, NL; Shad, A; Walsh, TJ, 2005)	0.59
" The MTD was defined as the highest dose not causing the same Grade 3 or 4 adverse event in three or more patients."	( A study to determine the safety profile and maximum tolerated dose of micafungin (FK463) in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Byrne, JL; Chopra, R; Koblinger, S; Potter, M; Powles, RL; Prentice, HG; Russell, N; Sirohi, B, 2006)	0.57
" All doses of micafungin were well tolerated and no serious drug-related adverse events were observed."	( The pharmacokinetics and safety of micafungin, a novel echinocandin, in premature infants. Blumer, JL; Buell, DN; Gerstmann, DR; Heresi, GP; Kearns, GL; Keirns, JJ; Kovanda, L; Reed, MD; van den Anker, JN, 2006)	0.97
" One or more adverse events occurred in five (27."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin in febrile neutropenic patients treated for hematological malignancies. Asaka, M; Hashino, S; Ibata, M; Imamura, M; Iwasaki, H; Kakinoki, Y; Kasai, M; Kondo, T; Kurosawa, M; Masauzi, N; Ota, S; Shigematsu, A; Shono, Y; Tanaka, J; Toubai, T, 2007)	0.65
"Although the number of patients studied was limited, MCFG as a monotherapy seems to be effective and safe as an empirical therapy in patients with febrile neutropenia."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin in febrile neutropenic patients treated for hematological malignancies. Asaka, M; Hashino, S; Ibata, M; Imamura, M; Iwasaki, H; Kakinoki, Y; Kasai, M; Kondo, T; Kurosawa, M; Masauzi, N; Ota, S; Shigematsu, A; Shono, Y; Tanaka, J; Toubai, T, 2007)	0.65
" The incidence of adverse events related to micafungin was 14."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin, an echinocandin antifungal agent, on invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological disorders. Kanamaru, A; Kodera, Y; Maesaki, S; Masaoka, T; Okamoto, S; Tamura, K; Urabe, A; Yoshida, M, 2009)	0.92
"Less toxic antifungal drugs are required for empirical antifungal therapy."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for treating febrile neutropenia in hematological malignancies. Goto, N; Hara, T; Kanemura, N; Kasahara, S; Kitagawa, J; Matsuura, K; Moriwaki, H; Nakamura, M; Ogawa, K; Shimizu, M; Tsurumi, H; Yamada, T, 2010)	0.67
" Although the number of infants for whom safety data are reported is small, higher doses of micafungin appear safe and well tolerated in this population."	( Safety of micafungin in infants: insights into optimal dosing. Ascher, S; Benjamin, DK; Smith, PB, 2011)	0.99
" The most frequently reported treatment-related adverse events were nausea (2."	( Accumulated safety data of micafungin in therapy and prophylaxis in fungal diseases. Cornely, OA; Maddison, P; Pappas, PG; Ullmann, AJ; Young, JA, 2011)	0.67
" In addition, adverse events, including abnormal laboratory findings were determined."	( Clinical efficacy and safety of micafungin in Japanese patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective observational study. Amitani, R; Izumikawa, K; Kakeya, H; Kohno, S; Kurashima, A; Miyazaki, Y; Niki, Y; Ogawa, K, 2011)	0.65
" The most common adverse effects are nausea and elevated transaminase levels."	( [Liver toxicity of micafungin. Is this drug safe?]. Bouza, E; Muñoz, P; Valerio, M, 2011)	0.7
" With regard to drug reactions, 562 adverse reactions were observed in 28."	( Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of micafungin in Japanese patients with deep mycosis: a post-marketing survey report. Hanadate, T; Hori, Y; Horita, H; Hoshino, Y; Kawamura, I; Kobayashi, T; Matsui, K; Sogabe, K; Sou, M; Wakasugi, M, 2011)	0.64
" For all drugs, incidence of discontinuations because of treatment-related adverse events was similar for patients with malignancy (≤7."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for treatment of serious Candida infections in patients with or without malignant disease. Cornely, OA; Marty, FM; Pappas, PG; Stucker, F; Ullmann, AJ, 2011)	0.68
" The incidence of adverse events (AEs) associated with micafungin was 10."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin as an empirical therapy for invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic disorders: a multicenter, prospective study. Aoki, G; Ishiyama, K; Kurokawa, T; Matano, S; Nakao, S; Sawazaki, A; Takami, A; Ueda, M; Yamaguchi, M; Yamauchi, H; Yamazaki, H; Yoshida, T, 2011)	0.93
" Ninety-one drug-related adverse events (DAEs) were observed in 56 patients (14."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin as an empirical antifungal therapy for suspected fungal infection in neutropenic patients with hematological disorders. Imamura, M; Kanamaru, A; Masaoka, T; Naoe, T; Niitsu, Y; Ohyashiki, K; Sasaki, T; Tamura, K; Tanimoto, M; Urabe, A; Yoshida, M, 2012)	0.69
" Adverse events occurred in 6 of the 17 patients (35."	( The clinical efficacy and safety of micafungin-itraconazole combination therapy in patients with pulmonary aspergilloma. Fujita, M; Harada, E; Ikegame, S; Kajiki, A; Matsumoto, T; Nakanishi, Y; Ouchi, H; Tao, Y; Uchino, J; Watanabe, K, 2012)	0.65
" Significant differences in incidence of withdrawal due to an adverse event (4."	( Multicenter, randomized, open-label study comparing the efficacy and safety of micafungin versus itraconazole for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Chen, H; Chen, X; Han, M; Hu, J; Huang, H; Huang, X; Lai, Y; Liu, T; Wang, J; Wu, D; Zhu, H; Zou, P, 2012)	0.61
" The proportion of patients who developed significant drug-related adverse event(s) (defined as a serious drug-related adverse event or a drug-related adverse event leading to study therapy discontinuation) was compared in 120 patients [caspofungin 50 mg, or 50 mg following a 70-mg loading dose on Day 1 (hereinafter, 70/50 mg) group: 60 patients; micafungin 150 mg: 60 patients]."	( A double-blind comparative study of the safety and efficacy of caspofungin versus micafungin in the treatment of candidiasis and aspergillosis. Izumikawa, K; Kamei, K; Kartsonis, NA; Kohno, S; Miyazaki, Y; Niki, Y; Oka, S; Takesue, Y; Yoshida, M; Yoshinari, T, 2013)	0.79
" Adverse effects in the form of mild liver dysfunction were seen in only 2 patients."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies: a multicenter prospective study. Iizuka, S; Kobayashi, R; Kudoh, T; Sano, H; Suzuki, D; Suzuki, N; Yoshida, M, 2013)	0.7
"MCFG is a very effective and safe antifungal drug for FN in children."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies: a multicenter prospective study. Iizuka, S; Kobayashi, R; Kudoh, T; Sano, H; Suzuki, D; Suzuki, N; Yoshida, M, 2013)	0.7
" None of our patients discontinued the treatment for drug-related adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients undergoing haplo-identical hematopoietic SCT. Berger, P; Blaise, D; Bouabdallah, R; Chabannon, C; Coso, D; Crocchiolo, R; Duran, S; El-Cheikh, J; Faucher, C; Fougereau, E; Fürst, S; Granata, A; Oudin, C; Venton, G; Vey, N, 2013)	0.7
" Although adverse events (AEs) were experienced by most children (2101: n=62; 2102: n=9), micafungin-related AEs were less common (2101: n=28; 2102: n=1), and the number of patients discontinuing due to AEs was low (2101: n=4; 2102: n=1)."	( Safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of repeated-dose micafungin in children and adolescents treated for invasive candidiasis. Arrieta, A; Azie, N; Benjamin, DK; Deville, JG; Kovanda, L; Roy, M; Wu, C, 2013)	0.86
" The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were hepatotoxicity, hypertension and diarrhea."	( Safety of high-dose micafungin for patients with hematological diseases. Ichikawa, M; Kurokawa, M; Nakamura, F; Nannya, Y; Yamazaki, S; Yoshimi, A, 2014)	0.73
"During MCFG prophylaxis, infusion reactions or adverse events (grades 2-5) related to MCFG use were not found in all the patients."	( Safety, tolerability, and feasibility of antifungal prophylaxis with micafungin at 2 mg/kg daily in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hirabayashi, K; Katsuyama, Y; Koike, K; Nakazawa, Y; Saito, S; Sakashita, K; Shigemura, T; Tanaka, M; Yanagisawa, R; Yoshikawa, K, 2014)	0.64
"8%) experienced 109 adverse events (AEs) possibly related to micafungin."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for the prophylaxis of invasive fungal infection during neutropenia in children and adolescents undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic SCT. Ahn, HS; Cho, B; Chung, NG; Hah, JO; Han, M; Im, HJ; Kang, HJ; Kim, HK; Koh, KN; Koo, HH; Kook, H; Lee, JW; Lim, YJ; Lim, YT; Lyu, CJ; Nam, BH; Park, HJ; Park, JE; Park, M; Seo, JJ; Shin, HY; Yoo, KH, 2014)	0.95
"WST-1 assay and carboxyfluorescein permeability assay revealed that amphotericin B was the most toxic drug, followed by pimaricin, micafungin, and voriconazole."	( Toxicity of topical antifungal agents to stratified human cultivated corneal epithelial sheets. Amano, S; Kimakura, M; Nakagawa, S; Usui, T; Yamagami, S; Yokoo, S, 2014)	0.61
"Topical micafungin and voriconazole appeared to be the least toxic to the corneal epithelium."	( Toxicity of topical antifungal agents to stratified human cultivated corneal epithelial sheets. Amano, S; Kimakura, M; Nakagawa, S; Usui, T; Yamagami, S; Yokoo, S, 2014)	0.84
" Among 241 patients evaluated for safety, 143 adverse drug reactions were reported in 86 patients (35."	( Safety and efficacy of micafungin for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections in Japanese patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Results of a post-marketing surveillance study. Hanadate, T; Hirano, Y; Kobayashi, C; Matsui, K; Niwa, T; So, M; Yoshiyasu, T, 2015)	0.73
" All adverse events were recorded."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Micafungin in Japanese Pediatric Patients: Results of a Postmarketing Surveillance Study. Hanadate, T; Kobayashi, C; Matsui, K; Niwa, T; So, M; Yoshiyasu, T, 2015)	0.71
" Pseudoporphyria, a dermatologic condition mimicking porphyria cutanea tarda, has been described as an adverse effect of voriconazole use."	( Phototoxicity, Pseudoporphyria, and Photo-onycholysis Due to Voriconazole in a Pediatric Patient With Leukemia and Invasive Aspergillosis. Boyd, AS; Di Pentima, MC; Willis, ZI, 2015)	0.42
"The use of mold-active azoles for antifungal prophylaxis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is hindered by adverse events and drug-drug interactions."	( Safety and Efficacy of Intermittent Intravenous Administration of High-Dose Micafungin. Barker, J; Cheng, K; Cohen, N; Giralt, S; Huang, YT; Jakubowski, A; Neofytos, D; Papanicolaou, G; Perales, MA, 2015)	0.65
" Grade 3 adverse events including hyperbilirubinemia (2 vs."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin versus intravenous itraconazole as empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies: a randomized, controlled, prospective, multicenter study. Choi, CW; Jang, JH; Jeong, SH; Kim, DY; Kim, JS; Kim, SH; Mun, YC; Park, JS, 2016)	0.74
" We did not observe any drug-related adverse events."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Micafungin in Infants Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Autmizguine, J; Benjamin, DK; Brouwer, KL; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Hornik, CP; Hupp, SR; Watt, KM, 2016)	0.72
" There were no adverse events definitely attributable to the two antifungal agents."	( Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Caspofungin Versus Micafungin in Pediatric Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Analysis. Maestro, A; Maximova, N; Schillani, G; Simeone, R; Zanon, D, 2017)	0.7
"One of the major adverse events of caspofungin and micafungin is hepatotoxicity, however, there are few reports compared the incidence of hepatotoxicity between caspofungin and micafungin."	( Caspofungin versus micafungin in the incidence of hepatotoxicity in patients with normal to moderate liver failure. Asai, N; Hagihara, M; Hirai, J; Kato, H; Kawasumi, N; Koizumi, Y; Matsuura, K; Mikamo, H; Nishiyama, N; Shibata, Y; Yamagishi, Y, 2017)	1.04
" Safety endpoints included incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious AEs (SAEs), and adverse drug reactions (ADRs)."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin for the treatment of patients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis: A non-comparative, multicenter, phase IV, open-label study. Huang, X; Ji, Y; Jiang, M; Liu, T; Song, Y; Zhao, X; Zhou, F, 2017)	0.77
" Data on adverse events and line-related complications, and Quality of Life (QoL) scores at the start of micafungin course and 3 months later were extracted."	( Micafungin may be safely administered as outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Bazaz, R; Bongomin, F; Denning, DW; Harris, C; Kosmidis, C; Otu, AA, 2019)	2.17
" Adverse events attributable to micafungin were recorded in 3 (14."	( Micafungin may be safely administered as outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Bazaz, R; Bongomin, F; Denning, DW; Harris, C; Kosmidis, C; Otu, AA, 2019)	2.24
" These data suggest that MCFG was effective and safe for adult patients undergoing CBT."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin in unrelated cord blood transplant recipients. Isobe, M; Kato, S; Konuma, T; Mizusawa, M; Oiwa-Monna, M; Takahashi, S; Tojo, A; Yasu, T, 2019)	0.82
" Randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of oral antifungals (any dose or regimen) on mycological cure, discontinuation rates and adverse events were included."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of systemic antifungal agents for candidemia: a systematic review with network meta-analysis and multicriteria acceptability analyses. Adam, LM; Böger, B; Domingos, EL; Fachi, MM; Pontarolo, R; Santos, JMMF; Tonin, FS; Vilhena, RO, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Plasma drug concentration data were fit to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using weighted nonlinear least-square regression analysis."	( Compartmental pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the antifungal echinocandin lipopeptide micafungin (FK463) in rabbits. Bekersky, I; Groll, AH; Ibrahim, KH; Mickiene, D; Petraitiene, R; Petraitis, V; Piscitelli, SC; Walsh, TJ, 2001)	0.53
" The favorable pharmacokinetic profile of the echinocandins has been elucidated in animal and human studies."	( Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of echinocandins. Theuretzbacher, U, 2004)	0.32
" Pharmacokinetic profiles for micafungin on days 1 and 7 were similar."	( Pharmacokinetic and maximum tolerated dose study of micafungin in combination with fluconazole versus fluconazole alone for prophylaxis of fungal infections in adult patients undergoing a bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant. Buell, D; Cagnoni, P; Chao, N; Devine, S; Facklam, D; Hiemenz, J; Keirns, J; Lau, W; Simpson, D, 2005)	0.87
" The objectives of this study were to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma protein binding of micafungin in volunteers with moderate hepatic dysfunction (n = 8), volunteers with creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min (n = 9), and matched controls (n = 8 and n = 9, respectively)."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in healthy volunteers, volunteers with moderate liver disease, and volunteers with renal dysfunction. Bekersky, I; Buell, D; Hebert, MF; Keirns, J; Marbury, TC; Smith, HE; Smith, WB; Swan, SK; Townsend, RW, 2005)	0.86
"We used a straightforward pharmacodynamic approach based on a microdilution format and a colorimetric analysis to harmonize growth end points."	( Micafungin in combination with voriconazole in Aspergillus species: a pharmacodynamic approach for detection of combined antifungal activity in vitro. Kontoyiannis, DP; Lewis, RE, 2005)	1.77
"A microdilution-based pharmacodynamic method for testing antifungal combinations provides a less ambiguous description of the combined effects of antifungals against moulds and could be useful in reference laboratories that routinely evaluate the activity of antifungal combinations in vitro and in vivo."	( Micafungin in combination with voriconazole in Aspergillus species: a pharmacodynamic approach for detection of combined antifungal activity in vitro. Kontoyiannis, DP; Lewis, RE, 2005)	1.77
" Pharmacokinetic analysis of micafungin and its active metabolites (M1 and M2) after intravenous infusion at doses of 1 to 3 mg/kg was conducted for 19 Japanese pediatric patients (3 infants, 7 toddlers, and 9 pupils) with deep mycosis caused by either Aspergillus or Candida species."	( Linear pharmacokinetics of micafungin and its active metabolites in Japanese pediatric patients with fungal infections. Katashima, M; Kawamura, A; Sunagawa, K; Tabata, K; Tanigawara, Y, 2006)	0.92
"The objective of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetic profile and investigate the effective concentration of micafungin in Japanese male patients with deep-seated mycosis."	( Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of micafungin in Japanese patients with deep-seated mycosis. Kagayama, A; Katashima, M; Kawamura, A; Kohno, S; Tabata, K, )	0.61
"The object of this analysis was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of micafungin, a new anti-fungal agent of the echinocandin class, to optimize dosing in Japanese patients with fungal infections."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of micafungin in Japanese patients with fungal infections. Kaibara, A; Katashima, M; Kawamura, A; Tabata, K; Tanigawara, Y, 2006)	0.83
" The 90% confidence intervals around the least-squares mean ratios for micafungin pharmacokinetic parameters and placebo-corrected voriconazole pharmacokinetic parameters were within the 80%-to-125% limits, indicating an absence of drug interaction."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of micafungin and voriconazole after separate and concomitant dosing in healthy adults. Alak, A; Buell, D; Holum, M; Keirns, J; Sawamoto, T; Wisemandle, W, 2007)	0.85
" However, premature infants >1000 g on average displayed a shorter half-life (8 hours) and a more rapid rate of clearance (approximately 39 mL/h per kg) compared with published data in older children and adults."	( The pharmacokinetics and safety of micafungin, a novel echinocandin, in premature infants. Blumer, JL; Buell, DN; Gerstmann, DR; Heresi, GP; Kearns, GL; Keirns, JJ; Kovanda, L; Reed, MD; van den Anker, JN, 2006)	0.61
" The drug's elimination half-life and total plasma clearance in preterm infants appear dissimilar to published values for these parameters in older children and adults."	( The pharmacokinetics and safety of micafungin, a novel echinocandin, in premature infants. Blumer, JL; Buell, DN; Gerstmann, DR; Heresi, GP; Kearns, GL; Keirns, JJ; Kovanda, L; Reed, MD; van den Anker, JN, 2006)	0.61
" However, there are no population pharmacokinetic models of the echinocandins for pediatric patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in pediatric patients and implications for antifungal dosing. Albano, E; Arrieta, A; Buell, DN; Drusano, GL; Flynn, P; Gumbo, T; Hope, WW; Keirns, JJ; Schwartz, CL; Seibel, NL; Shad, A; Walsh, TJ, 2007)	0.63
"We performed population pharmacokinetic analysis of micafungin in adult patients treated with doses between 12."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in adult patients. Buell, DN; Drusano, GL; Gumbo, T; Hiemenz, J; Keirns, JJ; Ma, L, 2008)	0.88
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
"Previous studies using in vivo candidiasis models have demonstrated that the concentration-associated pharmacodynamic indices, the maximum concentration of a drug in serum/MIC and 24-h area under the curve (AUC)/MIC, are associated with echinocandin treatment efficacy."	( In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model. Andes, DR; Bohrmueller, J; Diekema, DJ; Marchillo, K; Pfaller, MA, 2008)	0.6
" Micafungin is characterized by a linear pharmacokinetic profile and substantially fewer toxic effects."	( [Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of micafungin in adults, children and neonate]. Carlos Montejo-González, J; Catalán-González, M, 2009)	1.53
"The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of micafungin imply that this drug is a safe alternative for the treatment of fungal infections."	( [Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of micafungin in adults, children and neonate]. Carlos Montejo-González, J; Catalán-González, M, 2009)	0.87
"A pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis was conducted to assess various micafungin regimens for Candida and Aspergillus infections, as appropriate regimens have not been established, especially for Aspergillus infections."	( Assessment of micafungin regimens by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis: a dosing strategy for Aspergillus infections. Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Morikawa, N; Nomura, K; Taniwaki, M, 2009)	0.94
"We examined whether the pharmacokinetic disposition of micafungin (MCFG), an echinocandin class antifungal agent, is altered in hyperbilirubinemia using a rat model prepared by bile duct ligation (BDL)."	( Reduced elimination clearance of micafungin in rats with cholestatic hyperbilirubinemia. Fukushima, K; Iga, I; Konishi, H; Minouchi, T; Shibata, N; Sudo, M; Sumi, M; Takada, K; Yamaji, A, 2010)	0.89
" The median pharmacokinetic values for the 7- and 10-mg/kg/day groups, respectively, were as follows: area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24)), 258."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of repeat-dose micafungin in young infants. Arnold, LJ; Arrieta, A; Benjamin, DK; Buell, DN; Castro, L; Hope, WW; Kaufman, D; Kovanda, LL; Sánchez, PJ; Sawamoto, T; Smith, PB; Walsh, TJ, 2010)	0.62
" Data were modeled using an allometric pharmacokinetic model using a three-fourths scaling exponent for clearance and parameters normalized to a 70-kg adult."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants. Arrieta, A; Benjamin, DK; Buell, DN; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Hope, WW; Kaibara, A; Roy, M; Smith, PB; Walsh, TJ, 2010)	0.65
"Previous pharmacodynamic studies using in vivo candidiasis models have demonstrated that the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC is a good descriptor of the echinocandin exposure-response relationship."	( In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species. Andes, D; Bohrmuller, J; Diekema, DJ; Lepak, A; Marchillo, K; Pfaller, MA, 2010)	0.36
" Pharmacokinetic parameters, maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve over the dosing interval (AUC[τ]), and time to C(max) (T(max)) were assessed."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic drug interaction between oral posaconazole and caspofungin or micafungin. Beresford, E; Krishna, G; Ma, L; Medlock, M; Noren, C; Power, E; Vickery, D; Yu, X, 2011)	0.59
" Oral triazoles can be limited by poor absorption, large interindividual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability, and hepatic toxicity, leading to interruptions in therapy and breakthrough infections."	( Alternate-day micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pharmacokinetic study. Bleesing, J; Davies, SM; Edwards, S; Fearing, D; Filipovich, A; Jodele, S; Jordan, MB; Lawrence, J; Marsh, R; Mehta, PA; Tarin, R; Vinks, AA, 2010)	0.72
"Change in the pharmacokinetic disposition of an antifungal agent micafungin (MCFG) by 8-hour plasma exchange (PE) with 3200 mL replacement was examined in a stem cell transplant recipient."	( Impact of plasma exchange on pharmacokinetic disposition of micafungin. Eguchi, Y; Fukushima, K; Hamamoto, T; Iga, I; Konishi, H; Minouchi, T; Saotome, T; Sudo, M; Sumi, M; Yamaji, A, 2010)	0.84
" No significant differences in the plasma concentration-time curves and pharmacokinetic parameters of micafungin were observed between endotoxin-treated and endotoxin-untreated rats."	( Endotoxin does not alter the pharmacokinetics of micafungin, but it impairs biliary excretion of micafungin via multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2/Mrp2) in rats. Abe, F; Hasegawa, T; Kato, M; Katoh, M; Nadai, M; Noda, T; Saito, H; Ueyama, J, 2011)	0.84
" Micafungin exposures were estimated using a population pharmacokinetic model, and univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with outcome, including the micafungin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC ratio."	( Use of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses to optimize therapy with the systemic antifungal micafungin for invasive candidiasis or candidemia. Ambrose, PG; Andes, D; Bhavnani, SM; Buell, DN; Hammel, JP; Iyer, V; Kovanda, LL; Reynolds, DK; Van Wart, SA, 2011)	1.5
" Although the mechanism of action of micafungin is similar to that of other echinocandins, this molecule has certain pharmacokinetic characteristics that distinguish it from other drugs in this group."	( [Differential pharmacokinetic characteristics of micafungin. Experience in special populations]. Ferrández Quirante, O; Grau Cerrato, S; Luque Pardos, S, 2011)	0.9
" This analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind study examined pharmacokinetic parameters of micafungin (dosed at 50, 100, and 150 mg/day) and its metabolites in a subset of patients with HIV and EC."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in HIV positive patients with confirmed esophageal candidiasis. Baraldi, E; Stevenson, P; Undre, N, 2012)	0.92
"Although micafungin pharmacokinetic values were comparable between younger (<5 years) and older children (≥5 years) with candidemia and invasive candidiasis, younger children had a lower peak plasma micafungin concentration, lower micafungin exposure and larger micafungin clearance."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in pediatric patients with invasive candidiasis and candidemia. Arrieta, A; Freire, A; Stevenson, P; Undre, NA, 2012)	1.12
"The presence of graft-versus-host disease involving the liver at blood sampling was associated with significantly higher Cmin and Cmax of MCFG."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Kako, S; Kanda, Y; Kishino, S; Kurokawa, M; Ohno, K; Oshima, K, 2013)	0.71
" The micafungin pharmacokinetic profile was similar to that seen in other studies conducted in children, but different than that observed in adults."	( Safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of repeated-dose micafungin in children and adolescents treated for invasive candidiasis. Arrieta, A; Azie, N; Benjamin, DK; Deville, JG; Kovanda, L; Roy, M; Wu, C, 2013)	1.15
" Pharmacokinetic data will be combined in a population pharmacokinetic analysis to support US dosing recommendations in children."	( Safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of repeated-dose micafungin in children and adolescents treated for invasive candidiasis. Arrieta, A; Azie, N; Benjamin, DK; Deville, JG; Kovanda, L; Roy, M; Wu, C, 2013)	0.64
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction of the two drugs in healthy subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic profile of micafungin when co-administered with amphotericin B in healthy male subjects. Stevenson, P; Undre, NA; Wilbraham, D, 2014)	0.7
"In 20 male subjects, systemic exposure to micafungin (measured using peak plasma micafungin concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma micafungin concentration-time curve (AUC0-τ)) were similar following coadministration of micafungin and amphotericin B (day 18; Cmax 19."	( Pharmacokinetic profile of micafungin when co-administered with amphotericin B in healthy male subjects. Stevenson, P; Undre, NA; Wilbraham, D, 2014)	0.96
" The pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of micafungin have been evaluated in individuals with mild-to-moderate hepatic dysfunction, but not in individuals with severe hepatic dysfunction."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in subjects with severe hepatic dysfunction. Pretorius, B; Stevenson, P; Undre, N, 2015)	1
" Pediatric pharmacokinetic data from 229 patients between the ages of 4 months and <17 years were obtained from four phase I and two phase III clinical trials."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin and its metabolites M1 and M5 in children and adolescents. Arrieta, A; Azie, N; Benjamin, DK; Hope, WW; Kaibara, A; Kovanda, LL; Roy, M, 2015)	0.7
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a standard two-stage approach."	( Altered Micafungin Pharmacokinetics in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Brüggemann, RJ; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; Hunfeld, NG; Lempers, VJ; Pickkers, P; Schouten, JA; van Leeuwen, HJ; Verweij, PE, 2015)	0.85
" Concentrations were determined by validated chromatography and were subject to a population pharmacokinetic analysis with Pmetrics(®)."	( Plasma and peritoneal fluid population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in post-surgical patients with severe peritonitis. Campillo, N; García-Bernedo, CA; Grau, S; Hope, WW; Luque, S; Roberts, JA; Rodríguez, U; Salas, E; Samsó, E; Sharma, R, 2015)	0.66
" Monte Carlo simulations were performed using previously published pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic data to evaluate the ability of each echinocandin regimen in terms of fAUC/MIC (free drug area under the concentration-time curve/minimum inhibition concentration ratio) targets of caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin."	( Assessment of echinocandin regimens by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis against Candida spp. in paediatric patients. Ge, T; Liao, S; Xu, G; Yang, J; Zhu, L, 2015)	0.59
"Using published pharmacokinetic data a linear regression model to describe the Cmax versus AUCtau was developed."	( Prediction of micafungin area under the curve data by using peak concentration: applicability and utility in antifungal therapy. Srinivas, NR, 2016)	0.79
" Micafungin concentrations in serial blood, peritoneal fluid, and burn tissue samples were determined and were subjected to a population pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Comparative Population Plasma and Tissue Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin in Critically Ill Patients with Severe Burn Injuries and Patients with Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection. Agrifoglio, A; Asensio, MJ; Cachafeiro, L; García-de-Lorenzo, A; Grau, S; Herrero, E; Luque, S; Roberts, JA; Sánchez, SM, 2016)	1.59
"To identify the factors associated with the interindividual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of micafungin and to evaluate the probability of reaching the previously determined PK/pharmacodynamic efficacy thresholds (AUC/MIC >5000 for non-parapsilosis Candida sp."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in ICU patients with sepsis and mechanical ventilation. Allaouchiche, B; Azoulay, E; Bruneel, F; Charles, PE; Cornet, M; Cour, M; Cousson, J; Darmon, M; Das, V; Foucrier, A; Gangneux, JP; Garrouste-Orgeas, M; Gruson, D; Jaber, S; Jullien, V; Klouche, K; Le Saux, T; Meziani, F; Navellou, JC; Paris, A; Ruckly, S; Schwebel, C; Souweine, B; Timsit, JF; Trouillet, JL; Wolff, M, 2017)	0.96
"To study the pharmacokinetics of micafungin in intensive care patients and assess pharmacokinetic (PK) target attainment for various dosing strategies."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Model and Pharmacokinetic Target Attainment of Micafungin in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Brüggemann, RJ; de Lange, DW; Hunfeld, NG; Martial, LC; Pickkers, P; Schouten, JA; Ter Heine, R; van Leeuwen, HJ; Verweij, PE, 2017)	0.97
"4 mL/h/kg) and the mean elimination half-life was 11."	( Micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in children undergoing HSCT: can we give higher doses, less frequently? A pharmacokinetic study. Chandra, S; Davies, SM; Fukuda, T; Marsh, RA; Mehta, PA; Mizuno, K; Tarin, R; Teusink-Cross, A; Vinks, AA, 2018)	1.92
" We used an established pharmacokinetic model to determine micafungin exposures for 46 courses in 39 hospitalized infants."	( Safety, Effectiveness and Exposure-response of Micafungin in Infants: Application of an Established Pharmacokinetics Model to Electronic Health Records. Benjamin, DK; Clark, RH; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Ericson, J; Greenberg, RG; Rivera-Chaparro, ND; Smith, PB; Wu, H, 2019)	1.01
" We provide the pharmacokinetic proof for an extended dosing regimen, which now needs to be tested in a clinical trial with hard endpoints."	( Pharmacokinetics of extended dose intervals of micafungin in haematology patients: optimizing antifungal prophylaxis. Andes, D; Blijlevens, NMA; Brüggemann, RJM; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; Maertens, JA; Muilwijk, EW; Ter Heine, R; Theunissen, K; van der Velden, WJFM, 2018)	0.74
" A population pharmacokinetic model was developed and used to simulate several dosing regimens to evaluate the PTA for relevant MICs to define the optimal dose using the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target of an AUC/MIC ratio above 5000."	( Pharmacokinetics and probability of target attainment for micafungin in normal-weight and morbidly obese adults. Brüggemann, RJM; Burger, DM; Knibbe, CAJ; Koele, SE; Smit, C; Ter Heine, R; van Dongen, EPH; Wasmann, RE; Wiezer, RMJ, 2019)	0.76
"3) was used to develop the pharmacokinetic model."	( Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin in Critically Ill Patients. Bause, D; Blessou, M; Ellger, B; Fobker, M; Gastine, S; Hempel, G; Horn, D; Lanckohr, C, 2019)	0.84
"To determine micafungin plasma levels and pharmacokinetic behavior in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an observational prospective study. Argente-Navarro, MP; López-Sánchez, M; Moreno-Puigdollers, I; Rubio-López, MI; Vicente-Guillén, R; Zarragoikoetxea-Jauregui, I, 2020)	1.25
" The times for the calculation of pharmacokinetic curves were before the administration of the drug and 1, 3, 5, 8, 18 and 24 hours after the beginning of the infusion on days one and four."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an observational prospective study. Argente-Navarro, MP; López-Sánchez, M; Moreno-Puigdollers, I; Rubio-López, MI; Vicente-Guillén, R; Zarragoikoetxea-Jauregui, I, 2020)	0.88
"The pharmacokinetics of the values analyzed on the first and fourth day of treatment did not show any concentration difference between the samples taken before the membrane (Cin) and those taken after the membrane (Cout), and the pharmacokinetic behavior was similar with different organ failures."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an observational prospective study. Argente-Navarro, MP; López-Sánchez, M; Moreno-Puigdollers, I; Rubio-López, MI; Vicente-Guillén, R; Zarragoikoetxea-Jauregui, I, 2020)	0.88
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of micafungin were not significantly altered."	( Pharmacokinetics of micafungin in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an observational prospective study. Argente-Navarro, MP; López-Sánchez, M; Moreno-Puigdollers, I; Rubio-López, MI; Vicente-Guillén, R; Zarragoikoetxea-Jauregui, I, 2020)	1.16
" To evaluate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics variability of echinocandins in critically ill patients by comparing the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between critically ill patients and healthy volunteers or general patients."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics variability of echinocandins in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Li, Y; Liu, D; Liu, X; Pan, Y, 2020)	0.56
" Studies investigating the pharmacokinetic parameters of echinocandins in critically ill patients, healthy volunteers or general patients were included."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics variability of echinocandins in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Li, Y; Liu, D; Liu, X; Pan, Y, 2020)	0.56
"An HPLC-fluorescence bioassay for micafungin was developed, fully validated and applied to a pharmacokinetic study conducted in 14 ICU patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin over repeated doses in critically ill patients: a need for a loading dose? Apostolidi, S; Apostolopoulou, O; Dimopoulos, G; Dokoumetzidis, A; Kapralos, I; Mainas, E; Meletiadis, J; Neroutsos, E; Sambatakou, H; Siopi, M; Valsami, G, 2020)	1.12
"A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model best described the data, with population clearance CL = 1."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin over repeated doses in critically ill patients: a need for a loading dose? Apostolidi, S; Apostolopoulou, O; Dimopoulos, G; Dokoumetzidis, A; Kapralos, I; Mainas, E; Meletiadis, J; Neroutsos, E; Sambatakou, H; Siopi, M; Valsami, G, 2020)	0.84
"This study aimed to identify parameters that influence micafungin pharmacokinetics in Chinese patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit and optimize micafungin dosage by determining the probability of reaching pharmacodynamic targets."	( Optimization of Micafungin Dosage for Chinese Patients with Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit Based on a Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis. Song, Y; Yu, J; Zang, B; Zhao, L; Zheng, Z; Zhong, S; Zhu, X, 2021)	1.21
" The samples were analyzed and used to build a population pharmacokinetic model."	( Optimization of Micafungin Dosage for Chinese Patients with Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit Based on a Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis. Song, Y; Yu, J; Zang, B; Zhao, L; Zheng, Z; Zhong, S; Zhu, X, 2021)	0.97
"Twice-a-week micafungin at a dose of 9 mg/kg (maximum 300 mg) was given during the leukaemic induction treatment with at least one pharmacokinetic assessment."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of twice-a-week micafungin for prophylaxis of invasive fungal disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a prospective observational cohort study. Brüggemann, RJ; Bury, D; Muilwijk, EW; Ter Heine, R; Tissing, WJE; Wolfs, TFW, 2022)	1.35
" These findings provide the rationale for the pharmacokinetic equivalence of twice-a-week and once-daily micafungin regimens."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of twice-a-week micafungin for prophylaxis of invasive fungal disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a prospective observational cohort study. Brüggemann, RJ; Bury, D; Muilwijk, EW; Ter Heine, R; Tissing, WJE; Wolfs, TFW, 2022)	1.2
" Although the hematologists were blinded to pharmacokinetic findings, as many as 16 of 35 evaluable patients were prescribed antifungal prophylaxis with micafungin, weak CYP3A4 inhibitor, in place of PCZ (p < 0."	( Posaconazole and midostaurin in patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: Pharmacokinetic interactions and clinical facts in a real life study. Armiento, D; Busca, A; Candoni, A; Cattaneo, C; Del Principe, MI; Delia, M; Fracchiolla, NS; Lupisella, S; Marchesi, F; Menna, P; Minotti, G; Nadali, G; Pagano, L; Pasciolla, C; Perrone, S; Salvatorelli, E; Terrenato, I; Vatteroni, A; Verga, L, 2023)	1.11

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"We detected a fourfold decrease in the EC90 of voriconazole when tested in combination with micafungin (4 mg/L) against isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus, but not against an isolate of Aspergillus flavus."	( Micafungin in combination with voriconazole in Aspergillus species: a pharmacodynamic approach for detection of combined antifungal activity in vitro. Kontoyiannis, DP; Lewis, RE, 2005)	1.99
"This article reviews the in vitro metabolic and the in vivo pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with antifungal drugs, including fluconazole, itraconazole, micafungin, miconazole, and voriconazole."	( [Drug-drug interaction of antifungal drugs]. Niwa, T; Shiraga, T; Takagi, A, 2005)	0.53
"Effects of voriconazole combined with micafungin against 101 isolates of Candida spp."	( Effect of voriconazole combined with micafungin against Candida, Aspergillus, and Scedosporium spp. and Fusarium solani. Heyn, K; Müller, FM; Salvenmoser, S; Tredup, A, 2005)	0.87
" The study employed an open-label design utilizing micafungin alone or in combination with another systemic antifungal agent."	( Micafungin (FK463), alone or in combination with other systemic antifungal agents, for the treatment of acute invasive aspergillosis. Becker, C; Buell, DN; Denning, DW; Facklam, DP; Flynn, PM; Lau, WM; Marr, KA; Patterson, TF; Ratanatharathorn, V; Seibel, NL; Ullmann, AJ; van Burik, JA, 2006)	2.03
"To study the efficacy of micafungin combined with fluconazole in a murine model of disseminated blastoschizomycosis."	( Micafungin combined with fluconazole, an effective therapy for murine blastoschizomycosis. Guarro, J; Mariné, M; Pastor, FJ; Rodríguez, MM; Serena, C, 2008)	2.09
"We describe herein 98 hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with invasive aspergillosis (IA) (refractory in 83) who received micafungin either alone (8 patients) or in combination with other licensed antifungal therapies (OLAT) (90 patients)."	( Micafungin alone or in combination with other systemic antifungal therapies in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with invasive aspergillosis. Arnold, L; Buell, D; Denning, DW; Facklam, D; Kontoyiannis, DP; Kovanda, L; Lau, W; Laverdière, M; Marr, KA; Patterson, TF; Ratanatharathorn, V; Raymond, J; Young, JA, 2009)	2
" Fluconazole is the azole with the fewest drug-drug interactions."	( [Drug interactions in critically-ill patients. An important factor in the use of micafungin?]. Garnacho-Montero, J; Jiménez Parrilla, F, 2011)	0.6
"Thus, high dose of micafungin seems to be safe and does not significantly interact with CyA in allo-HSCT."	( Drug interactions between micafungin at high doses and cyclosporine A in febrile neutropenia patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Inoue, Y; Kato, M; Kosugi, S; Miura, I; Nishio, Y; Ogawa, K; Saito, T; Sakai, T; Suzuki, Y; Takahashi, M, 2012)	1.01
" In addition, KB425796-C induced morphological changes in the hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus and had fungicidal effects in combination with micafungin."	( Synergistic antifungal activity of KB425796-C in combination with micafungin against Aspergillus fumigatus and its efficacy in murine infection models. Fujie, A; Inamura, N; Kai, H; Nakamura, I; Nitta, K; Watanabe, M; Yamashita, M; Yoshikawa, K, 2013)	0.83
" On the basis of morphological changes of Aspergillus fumigatus induced by KB425796-A in combination with micafungin, we developed a highly sensitive screening method for the specific detection of KB425796-A congeners."	( Identification of ten KB425796-A congeners from Paenibacillus sp. 530603 using an antifungal assay against Aspergillus fumigatus in combination with micafungin. Ezaki, M; Fujie, A; Hashimoto, M; Inamura, N; Kai, H; Kanasaki, R; Muramatsu, H; Nakamura, I; Nitta, K; Takase, S; Watanabe, M; Yamashita, M; Yoshikawa, K, 2013)	0.8
" Drug-drug interactions were assessed utilising the FICI, Bliss independence models and time-kill experiments."	( Effect of caspofungin and micafungin in combination with farnesol against Candida parapsilosis biofilms. Bozó, A; Domán, M; Gesztelyi, R; Kardos, G; Kovács, R; Majoros, L; Nagy, F; Tóth, Z, 2016)	0.73
"Various factors, including genetic polymorphisms, drug-drug interactions, and patient characteristics influence the blood concentrations of tacrolimus in renal transplant patients."	( Effect of drug combination on tacrolimus target dose in renal transplant patients with different Du, Y; Guan, ZW; Li, Y; Tang, BH; Wei, AH; Zhang, SF, 2022)	0.72
" Biofilms of these nine strains were treated with different concentrations of micafungin and combined with tobramycin in microtiter plates."	( Analyzing the Activity of Micafungin Combined with Tobramycin Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm. Li, YH; Wang, TY; Yang, Y; Zhang, SX; Zheng, JX, 2023)	1.44
" Its combination with tobramycin exhibited synergistic effects, including inhibiting the biofilm formation of PA02, PA05, PA23, PA24, and PA52 isolates above 1/4 × MIC or 1/2 × MIC and eradicating mature biofilms of PA02, PA04, PA23, PA24, and PA52 above 32 × MIC, 2 × MIC, 16 × MIC, 32 × MIC, and 1 × MIC, respectively."	( Analyzing the Activity of Micafungin Combined with Tobramycin Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm. Li, YH; Wang, TY; Yang, Y; Zhang, SX; Zheng, JX, 2023)	1.21

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"We studied the antifungal activity of SCY-078 (an orally bioavailable 1,3-β -d- glucan synthesis inhibitor), micafungin and fluconazole against the planktonic and sessile forms of 178 Candida and non- Candida isolates causing fungaemia in patients recently admitted to a large European hospital."	( The novel oral glucan synthase inhibitor SCY-078 shows in vitro activity against sessile and planktonic Candida spp. Bouza, E; Escribano, P; Gómez-Perosanz, M; Guinea, J; Marcos-Zambrano, LJ, 2017)	0.67
"To evaluate the safety and efficacy of two dosing regimens of oral ibrexafungerp (formerly SCY-078), a novel orally bioavailable β-glucan synthase inhibitor, in subjects with invasive candidiasis versus the standard of care (SOC) and to identify the dose to achieve target exposure (15."	( MSG-10: a Phase 2 study of oral ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) following initial echinocandin therapy in non-neutropenic patients with invasive candidiasis. Angulo, D; Helou, S; Pappas, PG; Powderly, WG; Pullman, J; Spec, A; Thompson, GR; Tobin, EH; Vazquez, J; Wring, SA, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dosing is once daily and drug interactions are few."	( Echinocandin antifungal drugs. Denning, DW, 2003)	0.32
" The percentage of patients experiencing clearing of physical signs and symptoms showed a dose-response relationship and reached 94."	( Successful treatment of oesophageal candidiasis by micafungin: a novel systemic antifungal agent. Buell, D; Facklam, D; Kluyts, T; Lau, W; Mynhardt, J; Pettengell, K, 2004)	0.58
" Further studies of efficacy, dosing and optimal regimens for antifungal combinations are warranted."	( Efficacy of voriconazole plus amphotericin B or micafungin in a guinea-pig model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Chandrasekar, PH; Cutright, JL; Manavathu, EK, 2004)	0.58
" This randomized, double-blind study assessed the dose-response relationship of the new echinocandin antifungal, micafungin, compared with that of standard fluconazole treatment."	( A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-response study of micafungin compared with fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. Baraldi, E; de Wet, N; Della Negra, M; Diekmann-Berndt, H; Krantz, EF; Llanos-Cuentas, A; Suleiman, J, 2004)	0.77
"The dose-response findings demonstrate a greater efficacy with micafungin at 100 and 150 mg per day than at 50 mg per day."	( A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-response study of micafungin compared with fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. Baraldi, E; de Wet, N; Della Negra, M; Diekmann-Berndt, H; Krantz, EF; Llanos-Cuentas, A; Suleiman, J, 2004)	0.8
" The echinocandins are targeted for once-daily dosing and are not metabolized through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, and they are generally well tolerated due to lack of mechanism-based toxicity."	( Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of echinocandins. Theuretzbacher, U, 2004)	0.32
" Little is known, however, about the optimal prophylactic dosage and the disposition of micafungin in liver transplant recipients, or about the effect of continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVH) on the pharmacokinetics of micafungin."	( Optimal prophylactic dosage and disposition of micafungin in living donor liver recipients. Furukawatodo, H; Kishino, S; Ohno, K; Shimamura, T, 2004)	0.8
"Micafungin efficacy was equal to that of fluconazole in one-tenth dosage even in peritonitis."	( Efficacy of micafungin against deep-seated candidiasis in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Mikamo, H; Ninomiya, M; Tamaya, T; Tanaka, K; Watanabe, K, 2005)	2.15
" Cure was not attained with any dosage combinations."	( Comparative efficacies of conventional amphotericin b, liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome), caspofungin, micafungin, and voriconazole alone and in combination against experimental murine central nervous system aspergillosis. Clemons, KV; Espiritu, M; Parmar, R; Stevens, DA, 2005)	0.54
"The objective of this study was to propose the appropriate dosage regimen of micafungin for pediatric use, considering the effects of dose-linearity, age and other cofactors on the pharmacokinetics."	( Linear pharmacokinetics of micafungin and its active metabolites in Japanese pediatric patients with fungal infections. Katashima, M; Kawamura, A; Sunagawa, K; Tabata, K; Tanigawara, Y, 2006)	0.86
"The object of this analysis was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of micafungin, a new anti-fungal agent of the echinocandin class, to optimize dosing in Japanese patients with fungal infections."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of micafungin in Japanese patients with fungal infections. Kaibara, A; Katashima, M; Kawamura, A; Tabata, K; Tanigawara, Y, 2006)	0.83
"The chemistry, pharmacology, spectrum of activity, resistance, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, dosage and administration, cost, and place in therapy of echinocandins are reviewed."	( Echinocandins in the management of invasive fungal infections, Part 2. Morris, MI; Villmann, M, 2006)	0.33
" Echinocandins are poor substrates of the cytochrome P450 enzyme family and can be safely co-administered with most drugs without the need for dosage adaptation."	( The echinocandins: comparison of their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical applications. Graninger, W; Joukhadar, C; Presterl, E; Wagner, C, 2006)	0.33
" The consequences of a delay in the administration of amphotericin B, flucytosine, or micafungin were studied by defining dose-response relationships."	( Effect of neutropenia and treatment delay on the response to antifungal agents in experimental disseminated candidiasis. Denning, DW; Drusano, GL; Hope, WW; Louie, A; Moore, CB; Sharp, A; Walsh, TJ; Warn, PA, 2007)	0.56
"0 mg/kg) in 18 premature infants weighing >1000 g (n = 6 in each dosage group)."	( The pharmacokinetics and safety of micafungin, a novel echinocandin, in premature infants. Blumer, JL; Buell, DN; Gerstmann, DR; Heresi, GP; Kearns, GL; Keirns, JJ; Kovanda, L; Reed, MD; van den Anker, JN, 2006)	0.61
": The mean +/- standard deviation gestational age in the >1000 g dosage group was 26."	( The pharmacokinetics and safety of micafungin, a novel echinocandin, in premature infants. Blumer, JL; Buell, DN; Gerstmann, DR; Heresi, GP; Kearns, GL; Keirns, JJ; Kovanda, L; Reed, MD; van den Anker, JN, 2006)	0.61
" Little is known, however, about the optimal dosage or disposition of micafungin in patients with severe hepatic impairment."	( Effects of hepatic CYP3A4 activity on disposition of micafungin in liver transplant recipients with markedly small-for-size grafts. Furukawa, H; Kishino, S; Matsumoto, K; Mochizuki, N; Ohno, K; Shimamura, T; Todo, S, 2006)	0.82
" In mice treated with > or =50 mg/kg, there was maximal fungal decline without regrowth during the 1-week dosing interval."	( Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia. Drusano, GL; Fregeau, C; Gumbo, T; Hsu, V; Kulawy, RW; Liu, W; Louie, A, 2007)	0.72
" However, a population pharmacokinetic model in children is needed in order to accurately determine the dosage of micafungin that produces an equivalent magnitude of drug exposure to that observed in adults."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in pediatric patients and implications for antifungal dosing. Albano, E; Arrieta, A; Buell, DN; Drusano, GL; Flynn, P; Gumbo, T; Hope, WW; Keirns, JJ; Schwartz, CL; Seibel, NL; Shad, A; Walsh, TJ, 2007)	0.84
"This was an international, randomized, double-blind trial comparing micafungin (100 mg daily) and micafungin (150 mg daily) with a standard dosage of caspofungin (70 mg followed by 50 mg daily) in adults with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis."	( Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis. Arnold, LJ; Betts, RF; Buell, DN; De Waele, JJ; Digumarti, R; Dupont, BF; Horn, DL; Kovanda, LL; Nucci, M; Ostrosky-Zeichner, L; Pappas, PG; Reboli, AC; Rotstein, CM; Suh, B; Talwar, D; Vazquez, JA; Wu, C, 2007)	2.02
"Dosages of micafungin 100 mg daily and 150 mg daily were noninferior to a standard dosage of caspofungin for the treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis."	( Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis. Arnold, LJ; Betts, RF; Buell, DN; De Waele, JJ; Digumarti, R; Dupont, BF; Horn, DL; Kovanda, LL; Nucci, M; Ostrosky-Zeichner, L; Pappas, PG; Reboli, AC; Rotstein, CM; Suh, B; Talwar, D; Vazquez, JA; Wu, C, 2007)	2.17
"The safety and concentration-dependent pharmacodynamic characteristics of the echinocandins make them ideal candidates for dosage escalation in the treatment of aspergillosis."	( Comparison of the dose-dependent activity and paradoxical effect of caspofungin and micafungin in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Albert, ND; Kontoyiannis, DP; Lewis, RE, 2008)	0.57
"We compared the activity of micafungin and caspofungin administered over a wide dosing range that encompasses clinical exposures (0."	( Comparison of the dose-dependent activity and paradoxical effect of caspofungin and micafungin in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Albert, ND; Kontoyiannis, DP; Lewis, RE, 2008)	0.86
"Both echinocandins exhibited dose-dependent reductions in fungal burden; however, caspofungin displayed a relatively steeper dose-response curve with a modest paradoxical increase in fungal burden that was not seen in micafungin-treated animals."	( Comparison of the dose-dependent activity and paradoxical effect of caspofungin and micafungin in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Albert, ND; Kontoyiannis, DP; Lewis, RE, 2008)	0.76
" without bisecting any species group and represent a concentration that is easily maintained throughout the dosing period."	( Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin: analysis and proposal for interpretive MIC breakpoints. Alexander, BD; Andes, D; Brown, SD; Chaturvedi, V; Diekema, DJ; Ghannoum, MA; Knapp, CC; Ostrosky-Zeichner, L; Pfaller, MA; Rex, JH; Sheehan, DJ; Walsh, TJ, 2008)	0.56
" The kinetics after intraperitoneal micafungin dosing were determined in neutropenic infected mice."	( In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model. Andes, DR; Bohrmueller, J; Diekema, DJ; Marchillo, K; Pfaller, MA, 2008)	0.88
"In a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, prophylaxis with single doses of liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin at >or=5 mg/kg of body weight improved animal survival and suppressed the lung fungal burden for up to 7 days after infection, demonstrating the potential utility of infrequent dosing with these antifungals."	( Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Albert, ND; Kontoyiannis, DP; Lewis, RE, 2008)	0.8
" A dosage of 24 mg/kg was required to achieve a significant effect in the spinal cord and choroid."	( Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan as surrogate markers for detection and monitoring of therapeutic response in experimental hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis. Bacher, J; Cotton, MP; Hope, WW; Hughes, JE; Kelaher, AM; Mickiene, D; Murray, HA; Mya-San, C; Petraitiene, R; Petraitis, V; Walsh, TJ, 2008)	0.35
" The mean dosage and duration of micafungin were 170."	( Efficacy and safety of micafungin, an echinocandin antifungal agent, on invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological disorders. Kanamaru, A; Kodera, Y; Maesaki, S; Masaoka, T; Okamoto, S; Tamura, K; Urabe, A; Yoshida, M, 2009)	0.94
"These data suggest that 15 mg/kg dosing in premature neonates corresponds to an exposure of approximately 5 mg/kg in adults."	( Pharmacokinetics of an elevated dosage of micafungin in premature neonates. Arrieta, A; Benjamin, DK; Buell, DN; Hope, W; Kaufman, D; Kearns, GL; Kovanda, LL; Sawamoto, T; Smith, PB; Takada, A; Walsh, TJ, 2009)	0.62
" The optimal dosing regimens have not been established for infants."	( Hepatitis associated with micafungin use in a preterm infant. Edwards, MS; King, KY; Word, BM, 2009)	0.65
" Micafungin can be safely co-administered with most drugs without the need for dosage adaptation even in patients with renal o liver function impairment."	( [Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of micafungin in adults, children and neonate]. Carlos Montejo-González, J; Catalán-González, M, 2009)	1.53
"These results rationalize the approved micafungin dosages for Candida infections (50 mg once daily for prophylaxis and 100-150 mg once daily for treatment), and on the basis of these results we propose a PK-PD-based dosing strategy for Aspergillus infections."	( Assessment of micafungin regimens by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis: a dosing strategy for Aspergillus infections. Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Morikawa, N; Nomura, K; Taniwaki, M, 2009)	0.98
" In the persistently neutropenic model with A1163, aminocandin, CAS and micafungin (2-10mg/kg) were all effective at prolonging survival, with some impact on reducing culture burdens, even with alternate-day dosing (4mg/kg)."	( Activity of aminocandin (IP960; HMR3270) compared with amphotericin B, itraconazole, caspofungin and micafungin in neutropenic murine models of disseminated infection caused by itraconazole-susceptible and -resistant strains of Aspergillus fumigatus. Denning, DW; Morrissey, G; Sharp, A; Warn, PA, 2010)	0.81
" The drug was infused daily, and samples were taken in the first dosing interval and at steady state."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants. Arrieta, A; Benjamin, DK; Buell, DN; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Hope, WW; Kaibara, A; Roy, M; Smith, PB; Walsh, TJ, 2010)	0.65
"0156 microg/ml) in plasma (total and free), ELF, and ACs throughout the dosing interval."	( Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients. Conte, JE; DeVoe, C; Golden, JA; Goutelle, S; Hayes, M; Jelliffe, RW; Little, EA; Mickiene, D; Walsh, TJ, 2010)	0.61
" Pharmacokinetic parameters, maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve over the dosing interval (AUC[τ]), and time to C(max) (T(max)) were assessed."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic drug interaction between oral posaconazole and caspofungin or micafungin. Beresford, E; Krishna, G; Ma, L; Medlock, M; Noren, C; Power, E; Vickery, D; Yu, X, 2011)	0.59
" We hypothesized that higher dose micafungin (3 mg/kg) every other day will provide drug exposure similar to standard dosing (1 mg/kg) given daily, and improve patient compliance in very young children in whom oral medications can be challenging, at reduced administration costs."	( Alternate-day micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pharmacokinetic study. Bleesing, J; Davies, SM; Edwards, S; Fearing, D; Filipovich, A; Jodele, S; Jordan, MB; Lawrence, J; Marsh, R; Mehta, PA; Tarin, R; Vinks, AA, 2010)	1
" The present study may provide information suggesting that micafungin can be used for patients with endotoxemia without the need for dosage adjustment."	( Endotoxin does not alter the pharmacokinetics of micafungin, but it impairs biliary excretion of micafungin via multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2/Mrp2) in rats. Abe, F; Hasegawa, T; Kato, M; Katoh, M; Nadai, M; Noda, T; Saito, H; Ueyama, J, 2011)	0.87
"This article reviews the literature evaluating the safety profile of micafungin in infants and offers recommendations for optimal dosing for treatment of invasive candidiasis in the NICU setting."	( Safety of micafungin in infants: insights into optimal dosing. Ascher, S; Benjamin, DK; Smith, PB, 2011)	1.01
"Despite the limitations of the existing literature, we believe micafungin dosing of 10 mg/kg/day for all term and preterm infants is a viable treatment option in the NICU setting for management of invasive candidiasis."	( Safety of micafungin in infants: insights into optimal dosing. Ascher, S; Benjamin, DK; Smith, PB, 2011)	1.01
" Micafungin is an echinocandin lacking in relevant interactions and consequently its dosage requires no adjustment in any of its indications."	( [Drug interactions in critically-ill patients. An important factor in the use of micafungin?]. Garnacho-Montero, J; Jiménez Parrilla, F, 2011)	1.51
" Differences between the three echinocandins with regard to the route of metabolism, requirement for a loading dose, dose adjustment in patients with moderate to severe hepatic disease and different dosing schedules for different types of Candida infections have to be considered."	( Pharmacology and metabolism of anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin in the treatment of invasive candidosis: review of the literature. Kofla, G; Ruhnke, M, 2011)	0.61
" We investigated whether Candida albicans with amino acid substitutions at position Ser645 in Fks1 can be treated with either a conventional or an elevated dosage of micafungin."	( Disseminated Candidiasis caused by Candida albicans with amino acid substitutions in Fks1 at position Ser645 cannot be successfully treated with micafungin. Alastruey-Izquierdo, A; Arendrup, MC; Goodwin, J; Gregson, LM; Hope, WW; Howard, SJ; Perlin, DS; Sharp, A; Slater, JL; Warn, PA, 2011)	0.76
" Although the kinetics and appropriate dosing of this agent in premature and term infants have been described in the recent years, through either neonatal studies or extrapolation form adult data, further studies are needed to better address this area."	( The management of Candida infections in preterm neonates and the role of micafungin. Benjamin, DK; Castagnola, E; Del Sordo, P; Farina, D; Hope, W; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Manzoni, P; Rizzollo, S; Stronati, M, 2011)	0.6
" Because of the prolonged PAFE of these echinocandins, especially ANF and CAS, less frequent dosing during therapy of Cpa and Cgl infections could be considered."	( Post-antifungal effects and time-kill studies of anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis. Baltch, A; Bopp, LH; Michelsen, PP; Ritz, WJ; Smith, RP, 2011)	0.6
" This leads to a requirement for strategies to determine individualized dosing levels for obese and extremely obese patients."	( Fractal geometry and the pharmacometrics of micafungin in overweight, obese, and extremely obese people. Gumbo, T; Hall, RG; Swancutt, MA, 2011)	0.63
" Although optimal dosing of micafungin in children has not been established, the recommended dosage in children is 2 mg/kg/day (100 mg/day if >40 kg bodyweight) for invasive candidiasis, 1 mg/kg/day (50 mg/day if >40 kg bodyweight) for the prophylaxis of Candida infections in patients with anticipated prolonged and severe neutropenia or in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients."	( Micafungin use in children. Emiroglu, M, 2011)	2.11
"The overall cost impact was evaluated by varying the percentage dosage required of each candin in different possible scenarios."	( [Cost analysis of 3 candins in the treatment of invasive candidiasis in adult non-neutropaenic patients in Spain]. Barrueta, JA; Casado, MA; García-Vargas, M; Mir, N, )	0.13
" This article provides an update, based on the latest scientific evidence, of the clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety and dosing of antifungal drugs administered in the management of Candida spp."	( [Antifungal therapy update: new drugs and medical uses]. Fortún, J, 2011)	0.37
"5 mg/kg) were less than the clinical dosage (≤5 mg/kg)."	( Influence of fungicidal activity against Candida tropicalis on the efficacy of micafungin and liposomal amphotericin B in a neutropenic murine lethal infection model. Kanazawa, K; Nakayama, T; Takemoto, K; Ueda, Y, 2012)	0.61
" The drug has a convenient once-daily dosage regimen and is associated with relatively few drug-drug interactions."	( Micafungin: a review of its use in the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive Candida infections. Scott, LJ, 2012)	1.82
" The MCFG concentrations in the plasma were determined at the end of the first administration of MCFG, immediately before the second dosing, at the end of the MCFG infusion after at least 4 days from the initial treatment, and immediately before the subsequent dosing using high-performance liquid chromatography."	( Penetration of micafungin into the burn eschar in patients with severe burns. Abe, S; Aikawa, N; Hori, S; Kishino, S; Sasaki, J; Sato, Y; Shinozawa, Y; Yamanouchi, S, 2014)	0.76
" Pharmacokinetic data will be combined in a population pharmacokinetic analysis to support US dosing recommendations in children."	( Safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of repeated-dose micafungin in children and adolescents treated for invasive candidiasis. Arrieta, A; Azie, N; Benjamin, DK; Deville, JG; Kovanda, L; Roy, M; Wu, C, 2013)	0.64
" The current report examines the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of two multicenter, randomized trials of micafungin dosing regimens that differed in both dose level and dosing interval."	( Clinical pharmacodynamic index identification for micafungin in esophageal candidiasis: dosing strategy optimization. Andes, DR; Bhavnani, SM; Kovanda, LL; Lepak, AJ; Reynolds, DK; Van Wart, SA, 2013)	0.86
" In total, 150 consecutive adult patients who underwent allo-HSCT received micafungin at a dosage of 50, 100, or 150 mg once daily for primary antifungal prophylaxis."	( Micafungin as antifungal prophylaxis in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: results of different dosage levels in clinical practice. Kröger, NM; Langebrake, C; Lellek, H; Rohde, H; Wolschke, C, 2014)	2.08
" Between June 2011 and June 2012, one hundred patients with various haematological malignancies at risk for invasive fungal disease received primary antifungal prophylaxis with intravenous micafungin at a daily dosage of 50 mg during neutropenia."	( Primary antifungal prophylaxis with micafungin in patients with haematological malignancies: real-life data from a retrospective single-centre observational study. Angelova, O; Auberger, J; Ditlbacher, A; Lackner, M; Lass-Flörl, C; Nachbaur, D; Orth-Höller, D, 2015)	0.88
" Cutoffs of 40 or 50 kg for weight-based dosing resulted in heavier children being appropriately dosed."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin and its metabolites M1 and M5 in children and adolescents. Arrieta, A; Azie, N; Benjamin, DK; Hope, WW; Kaibara, A; Kovanda, LL; Roy, M, 2015)	0.7
" Micafungin is well tolerated, with intravenous daily dosing being the current standard."	( Micafungin twice weekly as antifungal prophylaxis in paediatric patients at high risk for invasive fungal disease. Balan, A; Becker, M; Bochennek, K; Farowski, F; Groll, AH; Lehrnbecher, T; Müller, C; Müller-Scholden, L, 2015)	2.77
"Our data indicate that micafungin administered twice weekly at a dosage of 3-4 mg/kg of bodyweight could be a convenient, safe and efficient alternative for antifungal prophylaxis in children at high risk for IFD."	( Micafungin twice weekly as antifungal prophylaxis in paediatric patients at high risk for invasive fungal disease. Balan, A; Becker, M; Bochennek, K; Farowski, F; Groll, AH; Lehrnbecher, T; Müller, C; Müller-Scholden, L, 2015)	2.17
" Other animals, termed 'vulnerable' animals (n = 3 at 3 mg/kg and those dosed at 6 mg/kg (n = 6)), experienced greater than 60% decrease in CO (-66."	( Cardiac response to centrally administered echinocandin antifungals. Cleary, JD; Stover, KR, 2015)	0.42
" The in vivo investigation reported here tested the utility of a range of humanized dose levels of micafungin using a variety of prolonged dosing intervals for the prevention and therapy of established disseminated candidiasis."	( Efficacy of Extended-Interval Dosing of Micafungin Evaluated Using a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study with Humanized Doses in Mice. Andes, D; Azie, N; Lepak, A; Marchillo, K; VanHecker, J, 2016)	0.92
" Other studies have laid the experimental and clinical foundation for use of extended dosing intervals for administration of echinocandins in treatment and prevention of candidemia and invasive candidiasis."	( Development of New Strategies for Echinocandins: Progress in Translational Research. Andes, DR; Azie, N; Walsh, TJ, 2015)	0.42
" As an example, in the treatment of invasive candidiasis, antifungal therapy with intravenous micafungin is dosed daily."	( Single or 2-Dose Micafungin Regimen for Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis: Therapia Sterilisans Magna! Gumbo, T, 2015)	0.98
" To improve quality of life, reduce costs, and improve outcome, we studied the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and safety of alternate dosing regimens of micafungin (MFG) for the treatment of experimental subacute disseminated candidiasis."	( Intermittent Dosing of Micafungin Is Effective for Treatment of Experimental Disseminated Candidiasis in Persistently Neutropenic Rabbits. Hope, WW; Petraitiene, R; Petraitis, V; Walsh, TJ, 2015)	0.93
" Large variability in the micafungin dosing regimen was observed; 78 (75%) patients received >75% of their course as 300 mg micafungin 3 times weekly."	( Safety and Efficacy of Intermittent Intravenous Administration of High-Dose Micafungin. Barker, J; Cheng, K; Cohen, N; Giralt, S; Huang, YT; Jakubowski, A; Neofytos, D; Papanicolaou, G; Perales, MA, 2015)	0.95
"This study aimed to investigate the cumulative fraction of response of various echinocandin (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin) dosing regimens against Candida spp."	( Assessment of echinocandin regimens by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis against Candida spp. in paediatric patients. Ge, T; Liao, S; Xu, G; Yang, J; Zhu, L, 2015)	0.63
" Based on currently available data, some antifungals should be dosed based on total body weight (i."	( Dosing of antifungal agents in obese people. Hall, RG; Payne, KD, 2016)	0.43
"To describe a predictive model to obtain the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) for micafungin to aid in dosing strategies in pediatric patients."	( Prediction of micafungin area under the curve data by using peak concentration: applicability and utility in antifungal therapy. Srinivas, NR, 2016)	1.01
"The model may be used in a prospective manner for dosing decisions of micafungin in pediatric patients."	( Prediction of micafungin area under the curve data by using peak concentration: applicability and utility in antifungal therapy. Srinivas, NR, 2016)	1.03
" Optimal micafungin dosing is unknown in this population because ECMO can alter drug pharmacokinetics (PK)."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Micafungin in Infants Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Autmizguine, J; Benjamin, DK; Brouwer, KL; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Hornik, CP; Hupp, SR; Watt, KM, 2016)	1.14
"To study the pharmacokinetics of micafungin in intensive care patients and assess pharmacokinetic (PK) target attainment for various dosing strategies."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Model and Pharmacokinetic Target Attainment of Micafungin in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Brüggemann, RJ; de Lange, DW; Hunfeld, NG; Martial, LC; Pickkers, P; Schouten, JA; Ter Heine, R; van Leeuwen, HJ; Verweij, PE, 2017)	0.97
" Various dosing regimens were simulated: licensed regimens (I) 100 mg daily; (II) 100 mg daily with 200 mg from day 5; and adapted regimens 200 mg on day 1 followed by (III) 100 mg daily; (IV) 150 mg daily; and (V) 200 mg daily."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Model and Pharmacokinetic Target Attainment of Micafungin in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Brüggemann, RJ; de Lange, DW; Hunfeld, NG; Martial, LC; Pickkers, P; Schouten, JA; Ter Heine, R; van Leeuwen, HJ; Verweij, PE, 2017)	0.69
" New dosing intervals are being explored to allow less frequent intravenous dosing in the ambulatory setting, and a new long-acting echinocandin, CD101, is being developed for weekly and topical administration."	( New developments and directions in the clinical application of the echinocandins. Chang, CC; Chen, SC; Slavin, MA, 2017)	0.46
" We also evaluated PK model-based simulation of PK profiles and target attainment using Monte Carlo simulation, for several dosing scenarios."	( Micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in children undergoing HSCT: can we give higher doses, less frequently? A pharmacokinetic study. Chandra, S; Davies, SM; Fukuda, T; Marsh, RA; Mehta, PA; Mizuno, K; Tarin, R; Teusink-Cross, A; Vinks, AA, 2018)	1.92
" Simulation data showed that 1 mg/kg daily dosing and 3 mg/kg alternate-day dosing strategies achieved at least 99% and 81% target attainment, respectively, whereas a 5 mg/kg with 3 day-interval dosing strategy resulted in 64%, 72% and 84% target attainments in patients with body weights of 10, 20 and 30 kg, respectively."	( Micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in children undergoing HSCT: can we give higher doses, less frequently? A pharmacokinetic study. Chandra, S; Davies, SM; Fukuda, T; Marsh, RA; Mehta, PA; Mizuno, K; Tarin, R; Teusink-Cross, A; Vinks, AA, 2018)	1.92
"Micafungin at 5 mg/kg dosing did not achieve target attainment at the end of 96 h for antifungal prophylaxis in children undergoing HSCT."	( Micafungin antifungal prophylaxis in children undergoing HSCT: can we give higher doses, less frequently? A pharmacokinetic study. Chandra, S; Davies, SM; Fukuda, T; Marsh, RA; Mehta, PA; Mizuno, K; Tarin, R; Teusink-Cross, A; Vinks, AA, 2018)	3.37
" Dosing instructions in product labels appear to be inconsistent with the emerging scientific evidence."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of fluconazole and micafungin in neonates with systemic candidiasis: a randomized, open-label clinical trial. Aurich, B; Barin-Le Guellec, C; Biran, V; Coopman, S; Dusang, B; Elie, V; Garcia Sanchez, R; Goudjil, S; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Legrand, F; Leroux, S; Manzoni, P; Zhao, W, 2018)	0.74
"Based on Monte Carlo simulations, a loading dose for fluconazole and dosing higher than recommended for both drugs are required to increase the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve target attainment rate in neonates."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of fluconazole and micafungin in neonates with systemic candidiasis: a randomized, open-label clinical trial. Aurich, B; Barin-Le Guellec, C; Biran, V; Coopman, S; Dusang, B; Elie, V; Garcia Sanchez, R; Goudjil, S; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Legrand, F; Leroux, S; Manzoni, P; Zhao, W, 2018)	0.74
" The micafungin dosage regimen of 10 mg/kg established for the treatment of neonatal candidiasis is based on a laboratory animal model of neonatal hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis and pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) bridging studies."	( Exposure-Response Analysis of Micafungin in Neonatal Candidiasis: Pooled Analysis of Two Clinical Trials. Arrieta, A; Benjamin, DK; Bonate, PL; Desai, AV; Hope, WW; Kaibara, A; Kaufman, DA; Kovanda, LL; Manzoni, P; Smith, PB; Walsh, TJ, 2018)	1.28
"Extended dosing intervals for micafungin could overcome the need for hospitalization for antifungal prophylaxis."	( Pharmacokinetics of extended dose intervals of micafungin in haematology patients: optimizing antifungal prophylaxis. Andes, D; Blijlevens, NMA; Brüggemann, RJM; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; Maertens, JA; Muilwijk, EW; Ter Heine, R; Theunissen, K; van der Velden, WJFM, 2018)	1.03
" Secondary objectives were assessment of adequate exposure with an alternative dosing regimen of micafungin (700 mg once weekly) through Monte Carlo simulations and assessment of safety in this patient population."	( Pharmacokinetics of extended dose intervals of micafungin in haematology patients: optimizing antifungal prophylaxis. Andes, D; Blijlevens, NMA; Brüggemann, RJM; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; Maertens, JA; Muilwijk, EW; Ter Heine, R; Theunissen, K; van der Velden, WJFM, 2018)	0.96
" We provide the pharmacokinetic proof for an extended dosing regimen, which now needs to be tested in a clinical trial with hard endpoints."	( Pharmacokinetics of extended dose intervals of micafungin in haematology patients: optimizing antifungal prophylaxis. Andes, D; Blijlevens, NMA; Brüggemann, RJM; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; Maertens, JA; Muilwijk, EW; Ter Heine, R; Theunissen, K; van der Velden, WJFM, 2018)	0.74
" A population pharmacokinetic model was developed and used to simulate several dosing regimens to evaluate the PTA for relevant MICs to define the optimal dose using the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target of an AUC/MIC ratio above 5000."	( Pharmacokinetics and probability of target attainment for micafungin in normal-weight and morbidly obese adults. Brüggemann, RJM; Burger, DM; Knibbe, CAJ; Koele, SE; Smit, C; Ter Heine, R; van Dongen, EPH; Wasmann, RE; Wiezer, RMJ, 2019)	0.76
"To evaluate the safety and efficacy of two dosing regimens of oral ibrexafungerp (formerly SCY-078), a novel orally bioavailable β-glucan synthase inhibitor, in subjects with invasive candidiasis versus the standard of care (SOC) and to identify the dose to achieve target exposure (15."	( MSG-10: a Phase 2 study of oral ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) following initial echinocandin therapy in non-neutropenic patients with invasive candidiasis. Angulo, D; Helou, S; Pappas, PG; Powderly, WG; Pullman, J; Spec, A; Thompson, GR; Tobin, EH; Vazquez, J; Wring, SA, 2019)	0.51
"In a multinational, open-label study, patients with documented invasive candidiasis were randomized to receive step-down therapy to one of three treatment arms: two dosing regimens of novel oral ibrexafungerp or the SOC treatment following initial echinocandin therapy."	( MSG-10: a Phase 2 study of oral ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) following initial echinocandin therapy in non-neutropenic patients with invasive candidiasis. Angulo, D; Helou, S; Pappas, PG; Powderly, WG; Pullman, J; Spec, A; Thompson, GR; Tobin, EH; Vazquez, J; Wring, SA, 2019)	0.51
" Using this model, the adequacy of a fixed 100 mg dosing regimen was evaluated in the study cohort."	( Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin in Critically Ill Patients. Bause, D; Blessou, M; Ellger, B; Fobker, M; Gastine, S; Hempel, G; Horn, D; Lanckohr, C, 2019)	0.84
"To assess the efficacy of loading dose on micafungin by simulating different dosage regimens."	( Assessment of micafungin loading dosage regimens against Candida spp. in ICU patients by Monte Carlo simulations. Chen, L; Fan, J; Li, M; Lu, X; Xu, G; Zhu, L, 2020)	1.18
"A published study of micafungin in ICU patients was employed to simulate nine different dosage regimens which were sorted out three groups in terms of three maintenance doses."	( Assessment of micafungin loading dosage regimens against Candida spp. in ICU patients by Monte Carlo simulations. Chen, L; Fan, J; Li, M; Lu, X; Xu, G; Zhu, L, 2020)	1.24
"The concentration-time profiles of micafungin-simulated dosage regimens were obtained."	( Assessment of micafungin loading dosage regimens against Candida spp. in ICU patients by Monte Carlo simulations. Chen, L; Fan, J; Li, M; Lu, X; Xu, G; Zhu, L, 2020)	1.2
" In practice, less-frequent dosing could improve the quality of life in patients requiring long-term treatment or prophylaxis."	( Intermittent micafungin for prophylaxis in a rat model of chronic Candida albicans gut colonization. Karas, A; Palacios-Fabrega, JA; Sattar, A; Sharp, A; Thommes, P; Undre, N; Warn, P, 2020)	0.93
" Rats received IV infusions of: daily vehicle control; daily subcutaneous micafungin (20 mg/kg SC); high-dose micafungin (20 mg/kg bolus SC + 80 mg/kg infusion/72 h, to simulate intermittent human dosing of 300 mg/72 h); or daily fluconazole by mouth (10 mg/kg PO)."	( Intermittent micafungin for prophylaxis in a rat model of chronic Candida albicans gut colonization. Karas, A; Palacios-Fabrega, JA; Sattar, A; Sharp, A; Thommes, P; Undre, N; Warn, P, 2020)	1.16
"To study the population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in critically ill patients, evaluate and optimize dosage regimens."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin over repeated doses in critically ill patients: a need for a loading dose? Apostolidi, S; Apostolopoulou, O; Dimopoulos, G; Dokoumetzidis, A; Kapralos, I; Mainas, E; Meletiadis, J; Neroutsos, E; Sambatakou, H; Siopi, M; Valsami, G, 2020)	1.11
" Simulations were performed to estimate the probability of target attainment (PTA) for several dosing regimens."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin over repeated doses in critically ill patients: a need for a loading dose? Apostolidi, S; Apostolopoulou, O; Dimopoulos, G; Dokoumetzidis, A; Kapralos, I; Mainas, E; Meletiadis, J; Neroutsos, E; Sambatakou, H; Siopi, M; Valsami, G, 2020)	0.84
" PTA and CFR estimates show that the current micafungin dosage may be insufficient for the treatment of borderline susceptible Candida strains."	( Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin over repeated doses in critically ill patients: a need for a loading dose? Apostolidi, S; Apostolopoulou, O; Dimopoulos, G; Dokoumetzidis, A; Kapralos, I; Mainas, E; Meletiadis, J; Neroutsos, E; Sambatakou, H; Siopi, M; Valsami, G, 2020)	1.1
"This study aimed to identify parameters that influence micafungin pharmacokinetics in Chinese patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit and optimize micafungin dosage by determining the probability of reaching pharmacodynamic targets."	( Optimization of Micafungin Dosage for Chinese Patients with Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit Based on a Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis. Song, Y; Yu, J; Zang, B; Zhao, L; Zheng, Z; Zhong, S; Zhu, X, 2021)	1.21
"In this study, the authors aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of micafungin in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH, 30 mL·kg-1·h-1) with those of patients receiving equidoses of hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF, 15 mL·kg-1·h-1 + 15 mL·kg-1·h-1) and determine the optimal dosing regimen using the developed model."	( A Loading Micafungin Dose in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration or Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis. Garbez, N; Grau, S; Lefrant, JY; Lipman, J; Luque, S; Maseda, E; Mbatchi, LC; Muller, L; Roberts, JA; Roger, C; Wallis, SC, 2021)	1.26
" Dosing simulations did not support the use of standard 100 mg daily dosing, except for Candida albicans on the second day of therapy."	( A Loading Micafungin Dose in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration or Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis. Garbez, N; Grau, S; Lefrant, JY; Lipman, J; Luque, S; Maseda, E; Mbatchi, LC; Muller, L; Roberts, JA; Roger, C; Wallis, SC, 2021)	1.02
" It also highlights the need for more research to identify optimal antimicrobial dosing strategies in similar scenarios."	( A successful daptomycin and micafungin dosing strategy in veno-venous ECMO and continuous renal replacement. Cabanilla, MG; Villalobos, N, 2022)	1.02
" Monte Carlo simulations were performed with twice-a-week dosing regimens of 5, 7 and 9 mg/kg and flat dosing per weight band."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of twice-a-week micafungin for prophylaxis of invasive fungal disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a prospective observational cohort study. Brüggemann, RJ; Bury, D; Muilwijk, EW; Ter Heine, R; Tissing, WJE; Wolfs, TFW, 2022)	0.98
" Predicted exposures (AUC0-168 h) for the 5, 7 and 9 mg/kg and flat dosing per weight band regimens exceeded the adult reference exposure."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of twice-a-week micafungin for prophylaxis of invasive fungal disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a prospective observational cohort study. Brüggemann, RJ; Bury, D; Muilwijk, EW; Ter Heine, R; Tissing, WJE; Wolfs, TFW, 2022)	0.98
" Therefore, conventional or standard dosing regimens do not achieve satisfactory anti-infective effects."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of eight special-grade antimicrobials in human plasma and application in TDM. Liu, G; Qi, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Fixed dosing of echinocandins is commonly used despite variations in body mass index and echinocandin susceptibility."	( Micafungin pharmacodynamics predict clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with candidemia caused by certain Candida species. Beyda, ND; Garey, KW; Gonzales-Luna, AJ; Lasco, T; Zaki, A, 2023)	2.35
" These results support the need for further PK/PD studies to optimize echinocandin dosing and improve patient outcomes."	( Micafungin pharmacodynamics predict clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with candidemia caused by certain Candida species. Beyda, ND; Garey, KW; Gonzales-Luna, AJ; Lasco, T; Zaki, A, 2023)	2.35

Role	Description
antiinfective agent	A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
echinocandin	Any one of a family of large lipopeptides that are inhibitors of the enzyme 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, thus damaging fungal cell walls. Echinocandins are fungicidal against most Candida spp and fungistatic against Aspergillus spp.
antibiotic antifungal drug	Any antibiotic antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections in humans or animals.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	21.0000	0.0040	1.9666	10.0000	AID1873196
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
lipid transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid biosynthetic process	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
urate metabolic process	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
renal urate salt excretion	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxification	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleoplasm	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (1429)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID528579	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 2.0 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 5376	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID546444	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 containing Fusarium solani fks1-FS453-649 with F639 mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID324344	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans SC5314 in presence of 10% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID555572	Antimicrobial activity against Candida lusitaniae by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID549126	Ratio of drug level in epithelial lining fluid to plasma in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 3 consecutive days measured after 5 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID326120	Paradoxical effect in Candida krusei assessed as increase in turbidity at 96 times MIC	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID323304	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 90/033 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID374506	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis isolate 0050-028 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID323335	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCSBB417709 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID582585	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 234 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p F659V mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID544156	Inhibition of Candida albicans 90028 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID554487	Antifungal activity against cnaA deficient Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 assessed as abnormal hyphal growth by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID432255	Effect on Aspergillus fumigatus metabolic activity assessed number of twofold drug dilutions required for germinated fungal metabolic activity to nongerminated fungal metabolic activity	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID544160	Inhibition of Candida albicans 119 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1921C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563454	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID531811	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 32930 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID542418	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus terreus environmental isolate after 48 hrs by EUCAST test	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	In vitro activities of various antifungal drugs against Aspergillus terreus: Global assessment using the methodology of the European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
AID324324	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus R21 in presence of 10% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID565393	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10034 infected in OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in spleen at 10 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID529569	Ratio of AUC in rat lung to AUC in rat plasma at 1 mg/kg, iv	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anidulafungin in rats.
AID555599	Antimicrobial activity against Cryptococcus laurentii by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID546072	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID323301	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 81/060 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID522746	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID563429	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-3672 obtained from cutaneous layer of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID323329	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCS17154969-2 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID544164	Inhibition of Candida albicans 5415 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563427	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-3636 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID575116	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 55 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID546069	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID521501	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis IFO 1400 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID555631	Antimicrobial activity against Chrysonilia sitophila by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID324339	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 36082	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID516179	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 32930 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID555594	Antimicrobial activity against Trichosporon dermatis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544153	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans A15-10 harboring FKS1 T1933C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645P mutant by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID374480	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida krusei isolate 0013-054 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida krusei isolate 0013-054 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID533026	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 9197 grown as planktonic cell on 16HBE cell after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Aspergillus fumigatus forms biofilms with reduced antifungal drug susceptibility on bronchial epithelial cells.
AID546071	Antifungal activity against Clavispora lusitaniae isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID575114	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 52 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID582488	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 42997 expressing Fks1p F625S mutant and wild type Fks2p by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID374490	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis isolate 0014-074 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis isolate 0014-074 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID555576	Antimicrobial activity against Candida pelliculosa by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID521519	Antifungal activity against Absidia corymbifera NBRC 4009 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID522723	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID531234	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 48 hrs by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	In vitro susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida species: rapid increase in rates of fluconazole susceptible-dose dependent Candida glabrata isolates.
AID546436	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 containing Fusarium solani fks1617-649 hybrid after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID531237	Antifungal activity against Candida guilliermondii after 48 hrs by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	In vitro susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida species: rapid increase in rates of fluconazole susceptible-dose dependent Candida glabrata isolates.
AID521500	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis NBRC 10219 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID558872	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans clinical isolate sessile cells by microtiter plated based assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	In vitro activity of micafungin against planktonic and sessile Candida albicans isolates.
AID508745	Drug level in rabbit brain at 0.5 mg/kg/day, iv for 8 days measured 30 mins after last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid.
AID323338	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis ST after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID531817	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 33616 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID509642	Antimicrobial activity against caspofungin-resistant Candida albicans NR2 expressing heterozygous fsk1 mutant gene by CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates.
AID519441	Antimicrobial activity against Neosartorya hiratsukae isolate CNM-CM-3764 obtained from oropharyngeal exudate of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID555567	Antimicrobial activity against Candida parapsilosis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID521528	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC MYA-1003 after 47 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID531838	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5376 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555598	Antimicrobial activity against Rhodotorula glutinis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544162	Inhibition of Candida albicans 2762 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1922C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID432254	Effect on germinated Aspergillus fumigatus metabolic activity assessed as drug concentration at which fungal metabolic activity occurs after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID565551	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus IHEM 15210 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID374497	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate 0036-030 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID521516	Antifungal activity against Fusarium solani IFO 31093 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID522767	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID549123	Ratio of AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma to MIC90 for Aspergillus fumigatus	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID555601	Antimicrobial activity against Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID323270	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans B06-341 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID532041	Antifungal activity against Lichtheimia ramosa clinical isolate after 24 hrs by EUCAST method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Antifungal susceptibility profile of human-pathogenic species of Lichtheimia.
AID544135	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 5415 harboring FKS1 T1933C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645P mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID535420	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 32746 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID528580	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 6.70 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 570	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID533028	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 9197 grown as planktonic cell on CFBE41o cell after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Aspergillus fumigatus forms biofilms with reduced antifungal drug susceptibility on bronchial epithelial cells.
AID531814	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5592 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID520620	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis by microdilution AFST-EUCAST method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: results from population-based surveillance of candidemia in Spain.
AID1455934	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus after 48 hrs by broth micro-dilution method	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029
AID374492	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate 0011-013 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID323286	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans NR2 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID563438	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 8 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID523387	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans infected in human	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID544173	Inhibition of Candida albicans A15-10 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID531805	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 98-210 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID519424	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-3364 obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID522796	Inhibition of Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 wild type FKS	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID529546	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 06-3170 harboring FSK1p T1896G and D632E mutant obtained from patient on compound therapy by M27-A2 method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Reduced Candida glabrata susceptibility secondary to an FKS1 mutation developed during candidemia treatment.
AID544191	Activity at Candida albicans 90 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G4082R mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID531830	Fungistatic activity against Candida albicans isolate K1 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID583628	Drug level in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse spleen with disseminated aspergillosis assessed as compound level per gram of tissue at 15 mg/kg/day, iv for 7 days measured on day 8	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID559646	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as minimum concentration producing >= 100% growth reduction after 24 hrs by M27-A3 microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID522741	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID565396	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10034 infected in immunosuppressed OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in spleen at 1 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID324336	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 90028 in presence of 10% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID323342	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID544184	Activity at Candida albicans 5415 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID555796	Antimicrobial activity against Scedosporium prolificans by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID531145	Antifungal activity against FKS1 deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID535425	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 42996 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID374512	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate 0001-073 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID374348	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID433612	Antifungal activity against Candida neoformans after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID563135	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 infected in ICR mouse assessed as fungal load in kidney at 0.25 mg/kg/day, sc for 8 days measured on day 11	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID531848	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 32930 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID563251	Cmin in patient with acute myeloid leukemia infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 1.1 mg/kg administered once daily after 8 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID521544	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans TIMM 1623 infected ICR mouse after 6 days	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID563473	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID555587	Antimicrobial activity against Yarrowia lipolytica by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544405	Activity at Candida albicans A15-10 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933Y mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID522744	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID519433	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-4420 obtained from nail of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID324314	Ratio of MIC for Candida glabrata to MIC for Candida glabrata in presence of 50% mouse serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID531152	Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 glucan synthase by assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID531842	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 98-210 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID521523	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 64550 after 47 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID545419	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in alveolar cell of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 3 consecutive days measured post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID544171	Inhibition of Candida albicans 90 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G4082R mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID523385	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID555803	Antimicrobial activity against Cladophialophora bantiana by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID528576	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 1.69 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 32930	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555812	Antimicrobial activity against Saksenaea vasiformis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID516196	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20557.012 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID582577	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 218 wild type 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID521498	Antifungal activity against Candida guilliermondii IFO 10279 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID521505	Antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur NBRC 0656 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID516174	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans K1 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID518076	Ratio of fAUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida parapsilosis infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida parapsilosis at static dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID326114	Paradoxical effect in Candida parapsilosis assessed as increase in turbidity at 96 times MIC	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID531165	Inhibition of Candida albicans M122 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID544177	Activity at Candida albicans 1002 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID559878	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 99% fungal growth reduction at 4 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID555621	Antimicrobial activity against Paecilomyces variotii by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID535619	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis T19 blood stream isolate harboring Fks1p FLTLS/PLRDP mutant protein	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID554486	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 assessed as abnormal hyphal growth by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID563134	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 infected in ICR mouse assessed as fungal load in kidney at 0.125 mg/kg/day, sc for 8 days measured on day 10	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID432250	Antifungal activity against germinated Aspergillus flavus assessed as lowest drug concentration that produced short, stubby and highly branched hyphae after 48 hrs by microscopic analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID531338	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata isolate 7754 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Development of caspofungin resistance following prolonged therapy for invasive candidiasis secondary to Candida glabrata infection.
AID323276	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans JIMS132203 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID324338	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 90028 in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID521502	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90112 after 72 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID531239	Antifungal activity against Candida lusitaniae after 48 hrs by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	In vitro susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida species: rapid increase in rates of fluconazole susceptible-dose dependent Candida glabrata isolates.
AID563439	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID582586	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 41026 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p F659S mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID531808	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 35315 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID324326	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus R21 in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID522695	Fungicidal activity against Candida metapsilosis isolate ATC193 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID374517	Ratio of MIC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-0016 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-0016 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID559669	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 50% fungal growth reduction at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID516186	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20450.096 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID582552	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 31498 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p F659 deletion mutant by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID565370	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10031 by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID575122	Inhibition of beta-1,3-D-glucan synthesis in Madurella mycetomatis isolate 55 after 7 days by alanine blue assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID522749	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID555795	Antimicrobial activity against Scedosporium apiospermum by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID529183	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus MF-13 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5	Efficacy of SPK-843, a novel polyene antifungal, in comparison with amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B, and micafungin against murine pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID521494	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID546073	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID531147	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID518789	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans expressing fks1 F641S mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID518783	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis isolate 4748 expressing fks1 F641S mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID522745	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID531550	Binding affinity to HDL in rat plasma at 1 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Role of plasma proteins in pharmacokinetics of micafungin, an antifungal antibiotic, in analbuminemic rats.
AID531235	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata after 48 hrs by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	In vitro susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida species: rapid increase in rates of fluconazole susceptible-dose dependent Candida glabrata isolates.
AID555589	Antimicrobial activity against Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID575117	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 64 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID521531	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata clinical isolates after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID519422	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-1290 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID559662	Fungicidal activity against Candida krusei CY118 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID549106	Ratio of drug level in epithelial lining fluid to plasma in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 24 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID522728	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID522795	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis CT-C1 FKS1 T227C mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID565360	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10032 after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID516202	Cmax in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 5 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID432803	Antifungal activity against Sporothrix albicans after 72 hrs by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of five species of sporothrix.
AID555625	Antimicrobial activity against Trichoderma spp. by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID563474	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID516199	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20435.057 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID565372	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10033 by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID528586	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 3.77 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 35315	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID549133	Ratio of drug level in alveolar cell to plasma of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 3 consecutive days measured after 5 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID374494	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate 0026-003 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID520618	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis by microdilution AFST-EUCAST method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: results from population-based surveillance of candidemia in Spain.
AID535405	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 4715 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID433597	Antifungal activity against Candida pelliculosa after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID555583	Antimicrobial activity against Candida pintolopesii by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID522799	Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 90028 wild type FKS	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID563263	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 12 patient with malignant lymphoma at 2.6 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID433590	Antifungal activity against Candida kefyr after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID531159	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID324313	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans to MIC for Candida albicans in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID323280	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans NCPF6525 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID521537	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus clinical isolates after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID528537	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5592 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID565552	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus UTHSC R-3466 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID544190	Activity at Candida albicans 194 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934T/G4082R mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID374342	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 0022-012 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID323312	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis B71507 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID433595	Antifungal activity against Candida lipolytica after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID323296	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans T26 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID521532	Antifungal activity against Candida guilliermondii clinical isolates after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID518069	Half life in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 5 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID519431	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-4387 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID374522	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-020 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID323334	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCS65875C after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID563443	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 17 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID326106	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis after 48 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID555811	Antimicrobial activity against Rhizomucor spp.by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID549115	Tmax in epithelial lining fluid of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID521499	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei IFO 0584 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID555804	Antimicrobial activity against Scytalidium hyalinum by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544167	Inhibition of Candida albicans 149 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G1942T mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID522737	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID531820	Half life in Candida infected ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 80 mg/kg, ip	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID518086	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans infected in ICR Swiss mouse assessed as log reduction in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID559870	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 99% fungal growth reduction at 1 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID521534	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolates after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID546070	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID582587	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 3830 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p S663P mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID563477	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 17 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID563476	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID555610	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus ochraceus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID582590	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 51916 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p P667T mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID324341	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 36082 in presence of 20% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID432247	Antifungal activity against germinated Aspergillus terreus assessed as lowest drug concentration that produced short, stubby and highly branched hyphae after 48 hrs by microscopic analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID522710	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as induction of fungal killing rate at 0.03 to 32 mg/L measured at 6 hrs by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID516189	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20477.048 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID433601	Antifungal activity against Candida intermedia after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID522801	Inhibition of Candida albicans 205 FKS1 T1933C mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID544182	Activity at Candida albicans 2762 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1922C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID554489	Antifungal activity against crzA deficient Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 assessed as abnormal hyphal growth by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID433598	Antifungal activity against Candida rugosa after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID555593	Antimicrobial activity against Trichosporon ovoides by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID532042	Antifungal activity against Lichtheimia ramosa clinical isolate after 48 hrs by EUCAST method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Antifungal susceptibility profile of human-pathogenic species of Lichtheimia.
AID546101	AUC ( 0 to 24 hrs) in Alveolar macrophage cells of healthy human at 150 mg, iv TID	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID555592	Antimicrobial activity against Trichosporon inkin by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID528539	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 570 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID549094	Drug level in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 24 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID559664	Fungicidal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID432418	Antifungal activity against germinated Aspergillus terreus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 64 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID528595	AUC in healthy human at 100 mg/day	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555568	Antimicrobial activity against Candida tropicalis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID575118	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 68 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID535413	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 42379 expressing FKS1 F645P mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID563254	Cmax in patient with acute myeloid leukemia infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 1.1 mg/kg administered once daily after 15 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID544188	Activity at Candida albicans 122 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1946A mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID554490	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 expressing crzA gene assessed as abnormal hyphal growth by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID374516	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-0016 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID521504	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans TIMM 0354 after 72 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID516182	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 5376 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID582589	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 42031 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p D666E mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID563431	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-4213 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID555611	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus ustus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555578	Antimicrobial activity against Candida norvegensis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID533027	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 9197 grown as biofilm on CFBE41o cell after 24 to 48 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Aspergillus fumigatus forms biofilms with reduced antifungal drug susceptibility on bronchial epithelial cells.
AID523391	Volume of distribution in iv dosed adult human by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID531139	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis H10 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID565556	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus UTHSC 01-983 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID324334	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID522789	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata CG-C2 harboring FKS1 T1885C mutant gene	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID531833	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 34341 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555807	Antimicrobial activity against Rhizopus oryzae by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID324335	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 90028	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID531809	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 37661 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555627	Antimicrobial activity against Hormographiella aspergillata by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID323271	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans HK04M102095 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID519423	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-3134 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID323260	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC5314 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID323265	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SCS68858 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID544161	Inhibition of Candida albicans 177 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1922C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID555571	Antimicrobial activity against Candida guilliermondii by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID535412	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 42996 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID583632	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 infected in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in fungal burden in kidney at 5 mg/kg, iv for 3 days treated 4 days postinfection relative to control	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID555608	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus sydowii by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID522116	Fungicidal activity against deltacrz1 mutant containing Candida glabrata TG173 complemented with CRZ1 gene at 0.03 ug/ml after 24 hrs by colorimetric microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Roles of calcineurin and Crz1 in antifungal susceptibility and virulence of Candida glabrata.
AID519443	Antimicrobial activity against Neosartorya hiratsukae isolate CNM-CM-4328 obtained from cornea of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID518788	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 4720 expressing fks2 S645P mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID531824	Cmax in Candida infected ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 5 mg/kg, ip	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID546100	AUC ( 0 to 24 hrs) in healthy human epithelial lining fluid at 150 mg, iv TID	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID582564	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5847 expressing Fks1p S629P mutant and wild type Fks2p by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID323309	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis ANSA 23a after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID531140	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis 981224 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID563619	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4688 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID531236	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis after 48 hrs by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	In vitro susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida species: rapid increase in rates of fluconazole susceptible-dose dependent Candida glabrata isolates.
AID531157	Inhibition of Candida metapsilosis am-2006-0113 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID555606	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555626	Antimicrobial activity against Phialemonium curvatum by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID549127	Drug level in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 3 consecutive days measured after 5 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID531155	Inhibition of Candida orthopsilosis H10 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID575113	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 50 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID528546	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 9.25 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 37661	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID565388	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10032 infected in OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in kidney at 1 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID563252	Cmax in patient with acute myeloid leukemia infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 1.1 mg/kg administered once daily after 8 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID405196	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 5666 isolate infected OF1 mouse blastoschizomycosis model assessed as mean survival time at 10 mg/kg/day, sc for 6 days administered 1 hr before microbial challenge	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID546087	Drug concentration in healthy human epithelial lining fluid at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 4 hrs of third postdose by urea dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID531815	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5376 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID521503	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90113 after 72 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID535623	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 glucan synthase subunit FKS1p at monophasic kinetics	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID559648	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as minimum concentration producing >= 50% growth reduction after 24 hrs by M27-A3 microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID531149	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans M122 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID1202745	Antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes IFM62679 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 48 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Prenylated benzophenones from Triadenum japonicum.
AID531804	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 98-17 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID323319	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis J931021 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID516172	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 580 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID563125	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 0.02% glucose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID528585	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 4.08 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate K1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID325030	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei 98 isolate from acute myelogenous leukemia patient by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Acquired echinocandin resistance in a Candida krusei isolate due to modification of glucan synthase.
AID509639	Antimicrobial activity against caspofungin-resistant Candida albicans CAI4R1 expressing heterozygous fsk1 mutant gene by CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates.
AID522692	Fungicidal activity against Candida orthopsilosis isolate ATC194 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID528540	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 33616 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID582489	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5847 expressing Fks1p S629P mutant and wild type Fks2p by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID545418	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in epithelial lining fluid of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv administered as single dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID432414	Antifungal activity against germinated Aspergillus flavus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 128 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID521533	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei clinical isolates after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID533851	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 by broth-microdilution	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID374503	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis isolate 0022-021 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID522715	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as induction of maximal fungal death at 16 mg/L after 48 hrs by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID374338	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 0021-076 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID544154	Inhibition of Candida albicans SC5314 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID1455936	Antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus after 48 hrs by broth micro-dilution method	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029
AID432799	Antifungal activity against Sporothrix brasiliensis after 72 hrs by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of five species of sporothrix.
AID521530	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans clinical isolates after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID433587	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID531143	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID323295	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans T26 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID372838	Ratio of MIC50 for Aspergillus flavus isolate 0001-033 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Aspergillus flavus isolate 0001-033 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID405210	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 16105 isolate infected OF1 mouse blastoschizomycosis model assessed as spleen microbial count per gram of tissue at 10 mg/kg/day, sc for 6 days administered 1 hr before microbial challenge	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID531843	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 580 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID549099	Drug level in alveolar cells of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 3 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID516195	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20511.092 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID518068	Half life in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 20 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID546082	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID555802	Antimicrobial activity against Cladosporium spp. by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID565403	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus IHEM 4770 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID521514	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger NBRC 33023 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID326105	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 48 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID433611	Antifungal activity against Zygosaccharomyces after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID563456	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 17 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID563479	Protein binding in human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID535615	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 42286 expressing wild type FKS1 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID555603	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544185	Activity at Candida albicans 89 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934A mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID575107	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 39 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID323297	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans Y109 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID516193	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20553.009 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID374481	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID521536	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates after 72 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID555607	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus nidulans by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID559655	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei CK18 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID563459	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 43 from patient with malignant lymphoma at 4.8 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with malignant lymphoma at 4.8 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID531813	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 513 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID1717507	Elimination half life life in iv dosed human	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-12, Volume: 63, Issue:21	Recent Progress in the Discovery of Antifungal Agents Targeting the Cell Wall.
AID374527	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus isolate 0001-033 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID563620	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus foetidus isolate CM-5264 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID575111	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 46 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID522694	Fungicidal activity against Candida metapsilosis isolate CP-133 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID582487	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 3168 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID516185	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis 20463.02 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID521493	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 24433 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID535404	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC5314 expressing wild type FKS1 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID520619	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis by microdilution AFST-EUCAST method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: results from population-based surveillance of candidemia in Spain.
AID544163	Inhibition of Candida albicans 205 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563465	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID533025	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 9197 grown as biofilm on 16HBE cell after 24 to 48 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Aspergillus fumigatus forms biofilms with reduced antifungal drug susceptibility on bronchial epithelial cells.
AID432411	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus terreus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 128 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID555797	Antimicrobial activity against Alternaria alternata by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID374496	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis isolate 0026-003 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis isolate 0026-003 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID433610	Antifungal activity against Kodamaea ohmeri after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID565356	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 9456 after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID1474166	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID324322	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 36082 infected BALB/c mouse assessed as fungal kidney burden after 14 days	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID531136	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID518072	Ratio of AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida glabrata infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida glabrata at static dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID522780	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID535422	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 41301 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID531816	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 570 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID583619	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID559893	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as minimum concentration producing >= 100% growth reduction after 48 hrs by M27-A3 microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID531825	AUC (0 to infinity) in Candida infected ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 5 mg/kg, ip	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID531339	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata isolate 7755 expressing FKS2 F659V mutant gene after 24 hrs by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Development of caspofungin resistance following prolonged therapy for invasive candidiasis secondary to Candida glabrata infection.
AID518091	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis infected in ICR Swiss mouse	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID522726	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID533847	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 infected in neutropenic BALB/c mouse lung assessed as log reduction in fungal burden at 20 mg/kg, ip administered as single dose 24 hrs before infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID324323	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus R21	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID521520	Antifungal activity against Mucor racemosus NBRC5403 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID323320	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis J931021 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID565365	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10034 after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID582571	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 3830 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p S663P mutant by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID559651	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei CK2 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID522698	Fungicidal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate CP-302 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID521515	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus terreus NBRC 33026 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID535614	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 5415 expressing FKS1 F645P/H mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID582486	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 218 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID522696	Fungicidal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate CP-300 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID582567	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 42971 expressing Fks1p D632Y mutant and Fks2p R1377STOP mutant by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID544183	Activity at Candida albicans 205 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID531812	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 33609 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID549128	Drug level in epithelial lining fluid of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 3 consecutive days measured after 5 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID565373	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10034 by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID516171	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 98-210 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID546093	Plasma concentration in healthy human at 150 mg, iv TID measured before third dose	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID549137	Hepatotoxicity in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient assessed as total bilirubin level at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID544165	Inhibition of Candida albicans 89 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934A mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID531340	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata isolate 7754 after 24 hrs by broth dilution method in presence of 50% of human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Development of caspofungin resistance following prolonged therapy for invasive candidiasis secondary to Candida glabrata infection.
AID544178	Activity at Candida albicans 3107 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID518075	Ratio of fAUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida glabrata infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida glabrata at static dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID544169	Inhibition of Candida albicans 121 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G4082A mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID372839	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus isolate 0001-061 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID323315	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis IK after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID521510	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus IFM 46895 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID544136	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 89 harboring FKS1 C1934A mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645Y mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID518070	Protein binding in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 80 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID535630	Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 90028 glucan synthase at monophasic kinetics	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID544144	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 121 harboring FKS1 G4082A mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot2 R1361H mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID531544	Systemic clearance in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 1 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose by high-performance liquid chromatography	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Role of plasma proteins in pharmacokinetics of micafungin, an antifungal antibiotic, in analbuminemic rats.
AID529571	Ratio of AUC in rat liver to AUC in rat plasma at 1 mg/kg, iv	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anidulafungin in rats.
AID323284	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans T32 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID543925	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 3107 by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID1455933	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli after 48 hrs by broth micro-dilution method	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029
AID433608	Antifungal activity against Geotrichum after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID545416	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv administered as single dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID522725	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID565357	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 9456 after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID555602	Antimicrobial activity against Trichosporon spp. by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID432412	Antifungal activity against germinated Aspergillus terreus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 128 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID521508	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus NBRC 6343 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID555617	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555580	Antimicrobial activity against Candida inconspicua by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID565380	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10032 infected in immunosuppressed OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in kidney at 1 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID323310	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis ANSA 23a after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID559871	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 99.9% fungal growth reduction at 1 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID563444	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 17 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID565363	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10033 after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID563255	Cmin in patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 1.2 mg/kg administered once daily after 15 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID544181	Activity at Candida albicans 177 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1922C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563247	Cmax in patient with malignant lymphoma infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 5.8 mg/kg administered once daily after 8 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID324328	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus MF5668 in presence of 10% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID374518	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0020-018 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID549119	Volume of distribution in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID433589	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID531238	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei after 48 hrs by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	In vitro susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida species: rapid increase in rates of fluconazole susceptible-dose dependent Candida glabrata isolates.
AID531233	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis after 48 hrs by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	In vitro susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida species: rapid increase in rates of fluconazole susceptible-dose dependent Candida glabrata isolates.
AID432802	Antifungal activity against Sporothrix mexicana after 72 hrs by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of five species of sporothrix.
AID549125	Ratio of AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient alveolar cell to MIC90 for Aspergillus fumigatus	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID522717	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as induction of maximal fungal death at 32 mg/L after 48 hrs by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID582568	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 31498 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p F659 deletion mutant by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID516175	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 570 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID522729	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID528560	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 9.25 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 37661	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID559892	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as minimum concentration producing >= 50% growth reduction after 48 hrs by M27-A3 microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID323266	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SCS68858 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID522800	Inhibition of Candida albicans 177 FKS1 T1922C mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID433613	Antifungal activity against Trichosporon after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID543926	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 3795 by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID432253	Effect on nongerminated Aspergillus fumigatus metabolic activity assessed as drug concentration at which fungal metabolic activity occurs after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID518087	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata infected in neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse assessed log reduction in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID563627	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus foetidus isolate CM-4002 assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID558871	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans clinical isolates planktonic cells by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	In vitro activity of micafungin against planktonic and sessile Candida albicans isolates.
AID563426	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-3586 obtained from catheter of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID563621	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-3125 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID519442	Antimicrobial activity against Neosartorya hiratsukae isolate CNM-CM-3740 obtained from oropharyngeal exudate of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID516180	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 33616 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID543917	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans SC5314 by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID583629	Drug level in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse Kidney with disseminated aspergillosis assessed as compound level per gram of tissue at 5 mg/kg/day, iv for 7 days measured on day 8	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID563425	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-3585 assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID519446	Antimicrobial activity against Neosartorya pseudofischeri isolate CNM-CM-4060 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID521495	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans TIMM 1623 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID323311	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis B71507 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID405191	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 16105 isolate infected OF1 mouse blastoschizomycosis model assessed as mean survival time at 10 mg/kg/day, sc for 6 days administered 1 hr before microbial challenge	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID559869	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 90% fungal growth reduction at 1 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID544174	Activity at Candida albicans SC5314 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID528594	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 7.89 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 33616	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID543920	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 90028 by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563249	Cmax in patient with malignant lymphoma infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 4.8 mg/kg administered once daily after 43 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID323272	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans HK04M102095 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID521496	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis ATCC MYA-577 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID563452	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID583630	Drug level in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse Kidney with disseminated aspergillosis assessed as compound level per gram of tissue at 10 mg/kg/day, iv for 7 days measured on day 8	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID405225	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 5666 isolate infected OF1 mouse blastoschizomycosis model assessed as spleen microbial count at 10 mg/kg/day, sc for 6 days administered 1 hr before microbial challenge	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID521535	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis clinical isolates after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID522771	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID519429	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-4330 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID528557	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 1.98 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 580	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID544140	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 149 harboring FKS1 G1942T mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 D648Y mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID522711	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as induction of fungal killing rate at 0.03 to 32 mg/L measured at 6 hrs by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID549104	Ratio of drug level in epithelial lining fluid to plasma in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 8 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID521529	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC MYA-2732 after 47 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID528542	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.84 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 98-210	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID546076	Antifungal activity against Candida rugosa isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID323294	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans T25 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID559884	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 50% fungal growth reduction at 16 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID1455932	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans after 96 hrs by broth micro-dilution method	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029
AID323331	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCS59662 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID528593	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 6.70 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 570	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID544147	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 194 harboring FKS1 C1934T/G4082R mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645F mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot2 R1361R/H mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID432251	Ratio of log2 of MEC for germinated Aspergillus flavus to log2 of MEC for nongerminated Aspergillus flavus	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID433604	Antifungal activity against Candida nivariensis after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID433614	Antifungal activity against Rhodotorula mucilaginosa after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID549101	Drug level in alveolar cells of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 18 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID432800	Antifungal activity against Sporothrix schenckii after 72 hrs by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of five species of sporothrix.
AID563253	Cmin in patient with acute myeloid leukemia infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 1.1 mg/kg administered once daily after 15 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID535417	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC5314 expressing wild type FKS1 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID544139	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 85 harboring FKS1 C1934T mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645F mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID555619	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID516404	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 5 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID518084	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata infected in neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID565359	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10031 after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID531150	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID531163	Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 90028 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID544189	Activity at Candida albicans 121 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G4082A mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID535410	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 41509 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID374346	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida glabrata isolate 0049-038 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida glabrata isolate 0049-038 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID555613	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus sclerotiorum by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555582	Antimicrobial activity against Candida orthopsilosis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID565385	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10034 assessed as compound concentration at which paradoxical growth of observed after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID324348	Ratio of MIC for Aspergillus flavus to MIC for Aspergillus flavus in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID521517	Antifungal activity against Pseudallescheria boydii NBRC 32229 after 72 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID582559	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5416 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p W1375L mutant by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID528598	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID554494	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus H237 expressing dominant-active rasA gene assessed as abnormal hyphal growth by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID433599	Antifungal activity against Candida utilis after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID531847	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 34341 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID518090	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata infected in ICR Swiss mouse	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID519440	Antimicrobial activity against Neosartorya hiratsukae isolate CNM-CM-3305 obtained from skin of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID433584	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID565391	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10034 infected in OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in kidney at 10 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID528568	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 3.88 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 33616	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID323263	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SCS67023C after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID531341	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata isolate 7755 expressing FKS2 F659V mutant gene after 24 hrs by broth dilution method in presence of 50% of human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Development of caspofungin resistance following prolonged therapy for invasive candidiasis secondary to Candida glabrata infection.
AID544132	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 205 harboring FKS1 T1933C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645P mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID535625	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T3 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with FLTLS/PLRDP mutant at monophasic kinetics	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID374507	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis isolate 0050-028 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID559647	Fungicidal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms after 48 hrs by M27-A3 microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID522772	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID535424	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 43001 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID522713	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as mild induction of fungal death at 0.03 to 32 mg/L after 6 hrs by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID1455935	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis after 48 hrs by broth micro-dilution method	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029
AID433594	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID555615	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus spp. by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555799	Antimicrobial activity against Exophiala dermatitidis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID323283	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans T32 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID528571	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 2.36 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 580	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID546090	Drug concentration in Alveolar macrophage cells of healthy human at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 4 hrs of third postdose by urea dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID521492	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10261 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID549131	Drug level in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 5 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID531829	Fungistatic activity against Candida albicans isolate 580 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID374335	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 0012-025 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID521524	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 96901 after 47 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID528545	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.4 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 35315	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID374510	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus terreus isolate 0031-087 after 48 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID433593	Antifungal activity against Candida fermentati after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID565371	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10032 by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID374483	Antifungal activity against Candida lusitaniae isolate 0013-002 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID549132	Drug level in alveolar cells of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 5 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID575106	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 36 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID522697	Fungicidal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate CP-301 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID374511	Ratio of MIC50 for Aspergillus terreus isolate 0031-087 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Aspergillus terreus isolate 0031-087 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID519450	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 2004305 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID555620	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium verticillioides by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID563626	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4001 assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID546068	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID575121	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 204305 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID563630	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4897 obtained from blood culture assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID433602	Antifungal activity against Candida africana after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID433607	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID531819	AUC (0 to infinity) in Candida infected ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 80 mg/kg, ip	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID531806	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 580 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID554504	Antifungal activity against cnaA deficient Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth at germling stage at 1 ug/ml by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID544159	Inhibition of Candida albicans 3795 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID531846	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 37661 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555609	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus versicolor by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555616	Antimicrobial activity against Penicillium spp. by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID324333	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 in presence of 20% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID528552	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 0.90 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 5376	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555595	Antimicrobial activity against Trichosporon jirovecii by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID582560	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID405224	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 5666 isolate infected OF1 mouse blastoschizomycosis model assessed as liver microbial count at 10 mg/kg/day, sc for 6 days administered 1 hr before microbial challenge	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID565550	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus IHEM 13311 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID563424	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-3507 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID432410	Antifungal activity against germinated Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 128 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID432256	Effect on nongerminated Aspergillus terreus metabolic activity assessed as drug concentration at which fungal metabolic activity occurs after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID522769	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID555570	Antimicrobial activity against Candida krusei by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID546080	Antifungal activity against Candida pulcherrima isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID433600	Antifungal activity against Candida inconspicua after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID323287	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans NR3 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID522747	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID521497	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID522739	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID563450	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 8 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID546099	Half life in healthy human plasma at 150 mg, iv TID	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID555800	Antimicrobial activity against Aureobasidium pullulans by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID521512	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus TIMM 0063 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID522787	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis CT-C1 harboring FKS1 T227C mutant gene	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID528583	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 10.4 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 98-210	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID519436	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumisynnematus isolate CNM-CM-4063 obtained from bronchoalveolar aspirate of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID351875	Ratio of IC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase EMFR-S678P mutant to IC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus wild-type 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase KU80delta	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID374341	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 0022-012 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID374498	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate 0036-030 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID374502	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID583631	Drug level in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse Kidney with disseminated aspergillosis assessed as compound level per gram of tissue at 15 mg/kg/day, iv for 7 days measured on day 8	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID531810	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 34341 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID535421	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 4254 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID522708	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as inhibition of fungal regrowth at 0.03 to 32 mg/L after 6 hrs by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID575105	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 35 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID563260	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 8 from patient with malignant lymphoma at 5.8 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID549092	Drug level in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 8 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID555628	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium equiseti by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID519427	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-3583 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID326108	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei after 48 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID324343	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans SC5314	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID565367	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10035 after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID518085	Fungistatic activity against Candida parapsilosis infected in neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID523393	Dose normalized clearance in iv dosed adult human by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID555597	Antimicrobial activity against Ustilago spp by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID518077	Ratio of AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida albicans at 1 log kill dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID565400	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus IHEM 13267 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID522794	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 wild type FKS	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID374482	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida krusei ATCC 6258 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida krusei ATCC 6258 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID531342	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata isolate 7754 after 48 hrs by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Development of caspofungin resistance following prolonged therapy for invasive candidiasis secondary to Candida glabrata infection.
AID575115	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 54 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID374339	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 0021-076 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID546446	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 containing Candida glabrata fks1-CgR453-649 hybrid after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID544152	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans A15-10 harboring FKS1 T1933C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645P mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID528548	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 0.06 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 32930	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID433586	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID531162	Inhibition of Candida albicans Sc5314 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID575104	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 31 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID324317	Ratio of MIC for Candida tropicalis to MIC for Candida tropicalis in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID521511	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus IFM 49895 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID432298	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 128 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID433609	Antifungal activity against Williopsis saturnus after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID555604	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus terreus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID519439	Antimicrobial activity against Neosartorya hiratsukae isolate CNM-CM-3303 obtained from skin of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID565401	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus IHEM 9503 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID529667	Antimicrobial activity against Paecilomyces variotii by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Susceptibility testing and molecular classification of Paecilomyces spp.
AID528581	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 7.89 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 33616	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555806	Antimicrobial activity against Mycocladus corymbiferus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544138	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 85 harboring FKS1 C1934T mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645F mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID555618	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium proliferatum by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID323281	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans T28 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID521509	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 16424 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID555805	Antimicrobial activity against Lecythophora hoffmannii by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID546107	Plasma protein binding in healthy human	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID549121	Ratio of Cmax in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient epithelial lining fluid to MIC90 for Aspergillus fumigatus	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID563435	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-5094 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID546443	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata containing FSK2 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID555809	Antimicrobial activity against Cunninghamella bertholletiae by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID563446	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 8 from patient with malignant lymphoma at 5.8 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID433603	Antifungal activity against Candida lambica after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID528578	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 5.46 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 5592	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID323292	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans CAI4RI after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID559649	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei CK1 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID563623	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-3551 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID549120	Ratio of fCmax in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma to MIC90 for Aspergillus fumigatus	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID535622	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 205 harboring Fks1p FLTLPLRDP mutant protein	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID544142	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 122 harboring FKS1 C1946A mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 P649H mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID323273	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans JIMS101103 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID523389	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in candidiasis patient at 10 mg/kg, iv by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID533846	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 infected in neutropenic BALB/c mouse lung assessed as log reduction in fungal burden at 5 mg/kg, ip administered as single dose 24 hrs before infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID326109	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata after 48 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID433588	Antifungal activity against Candida guilliermondii after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID582584	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 31498 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p F659 deletion mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID555584	Antimicrobial activity against Candida zeylanoides by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555600	Antimicrobial activity against Trichosporon domesticum by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544137	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 89 harboring FKS1 C1934A mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645Y mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID559868	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 50% fungal growth reduction at 1 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID433606	Antifungal activity against Candida sphaerica after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID533848	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 infected in neutropenic BALB/c mouse lung assessed as log reduction in fungal burden at 10 mg/kg, ip administered as single dose 24 hrs before infection	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID563463	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID374521	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-020 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID565553	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus UTHSC 03-1802 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID326107	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis after 48 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID374520	Ratio of MIC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 00020-018 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0020-018 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID544155	Inhibition of Candida albicans 36082 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID555813	Antimicrobial activity against Exophiala jeanselmei by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID565397	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus FMR 3542 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID555808	Antimicrobial activity against Mucor spp.by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID582574	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 51916 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p P667T mutant by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID518786	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 4707 expressing fks2 S645P mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID546092	Drug concentration in Alveolar macrophage cells of healthy human at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 24 hrs of third postdose by urea dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID582569	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 234 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p F659V mutant by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID546095	Cmax in healthy human plasma at 150 mg, iv TID	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID582490	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 21900 expressing Fks1p D632G mutant and wild type Fks2p by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID432262	Induction of maximal metabolic inhibition in nongerminated Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as minimal metabolic activity Ymin after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID555624	Antimicrobial activity against Scopulariopsis brevicaulis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID522777	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID555585	Antimicrobial activity against Dipodascus capitatus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID519425	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-3537 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID405209	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 16105 isolate infected OF1 mouse blastoschizomycosis model assessed as liver microbial count per gram of tissue at 10 mg/kg/day, sc for 6 days administered 1 hr before microbial challenge	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID555575	Antimicrobial activity against Candida famata by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID563430	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-4004 obtained from assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID528584	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 2.36 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 580	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID559650	Fungicidal activity against Candida krusei CK1 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID323323	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis Leic875 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID582570	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 41026 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p F659S mutant by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID555573	Antimicrobial activity against Candida kefyr by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555622	Antimicrobial activity against Paecilomyces lilacinus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544134	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 5415 harboring FKS1 T1933C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645P mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID323285	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans NR2 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID531167	Inhibition of Candida glabrata T51916 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID582554	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 41026 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p F659S mutant by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID555605	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus flavus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID533845	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 infected in neutropenic BALB/c mouse assessed as mouse survival at 20 mg/kg, ip administered as single dose 24 hrs before infection measured after 7 days relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID555581	Antimicrobial activity against Candida metapsilosis by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID433585	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID528596	fAUC in healthy human at 100 mg/day	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID554493	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus H237 expressing rasA gene assessed as abnormal hyphal growth by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID523386	Ratio of AUC in neonates with Candida albican infection to MIC for Candida albicans	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID582558	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 51916 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p P667T mutant by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID521506	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 24657 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID323290	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans NR4 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID555629	Antimicrobial activity against Fusarium reticulatum by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID549111	Cmax in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID323299	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 75/043 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID518080	Ratio of fAUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida albicans at 1 log kill dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID323337	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis ST after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID351873	Inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase EMFR-S678P mutant from Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as incorporation of [3H]glucose	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID323293	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans T25 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID432258	Effect on Aspergillus terreus metabolic activity assessed number of twofold drug dilutions required for germinated fungal metabolic activity to nongerminated fungal metabolic activity	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID516184	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 37661 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID565404	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus IHEM 5234 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID565554	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus UTHSC 04-3294 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID559861	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 90% fungal growth reduction at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID544187	Activity at Candida albicans 149 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G1942T mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID555577	Antimicrobial activity against Candida coliculosa by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID535626	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T3 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with FLTLS/PLRDP mutant at biphasic kinetics	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID535423	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 41509 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID554492	Antifungal activity against rasA deficient Aspergillus fumigatus H237 assessed as abnormal hyphal growth by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID432261	Effect on Aspergillus flavus metabolic activity assessed number of twofold drug dilutions required for germinated fungal metabolic activity to nongerminated fungal metabolic activity	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID432801	Antifungal activity against Sporothrix globosa after 72 hrs by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of five species of sporothrix.
AID528559	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.4 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 35315	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID563246	Cmax in patient with malignant lymphoma infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 3.9 mg/kg administered once daily after 10 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID522788	Antifungal activity against wild type Candida glabrata ATCC 90030	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID555566	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID563124	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 0.05% glucose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID522766	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID555579	Antimicrobial activity against Candida intermedia by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544168	Inhibition of Candida albicans 122 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1946A mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID543928	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 119 harboring FKS1 T1921C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 F641L mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID531543	Volume of distribution at steady state in analbuminemic Nagase rat plasma at 1 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose by high-performance liquid chromatography	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Role of plasma proteins in pharmacokinetics of micafungin, an antifungal antibiotic, in analbuminemic rats.
AID549091	Drug level in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 3 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID532044	Antifungal activity against Lichtheimia corymbifera clinical isolate after 48 hrs by EUCAST method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Antifungal susceptibility profile of human-pathogenic species of Lichtheimia.
AID535616	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis ATCC 750	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID559876	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 50% fungal growth reduction at 4 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID521543	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus IFM 46895 infected ICR mouse assessed as delay in mortality of mouse at 1 mg/kg after 6 days	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID531160	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742-FKS1P649A mutant glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID559087	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans GDH 2346 sessile cells by microtiter plated based assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	In vitro activity of micafungin against planktonic and sessile Candida albicans isolates.
AID531831	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 35315 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID521521	Antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum NBRC 5467 after 72 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID544176	Activity at Candida albicans 90028 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID323303	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 90/033 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID323339	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID351869	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus expressing wild-type fks1 gene KU80delta after 24 to 48 hrs by broth dilution susceptibility test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID351870	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus expressing fks1 gene EMFR-S678P mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth dilution susceptibility test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID374347	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei isolate 0001-058 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID323261	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SCS140136P after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID528597	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID1455939	Antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes after 96 hrs by broth micro-dilution method	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029
AID323328	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCS17154969-1 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID582591	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 5416 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p W1375L mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID531144	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742-FKS1P649A mutant by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID374519	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0020-018 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID508743	Drug level in brain of patient with invasive candidiasis measured 23 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid.
AID508746	Drug level in rabbit brain at 1 mg/kg/day, iv for 8 days measured 30 mins after last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid.
AID323322	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis KR after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID528570	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 10.4 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 98-210	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID582573	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 42031 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p D666E mutant by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID374505	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida tropicalis isolate 0022-021 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida tropicalis isolate 0022-021 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID546094	Plasma concentration in healthy human at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 24 hrs of third postdose	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID323302	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 81/060 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID582562	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 3168 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID522763	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID519426	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-3538 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID535631	Inhibition of Candida albicans 205 glucan synthase subunit FKS1p FLTLPLRDP mutant at monophasic kinetics	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID528564	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 1.34 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 513	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID575119	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 73 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID523390	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in candidiasis patient at 12 mg/kg, iv by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID323289	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans NR4 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID531549	Binding affinity to gamma globulin in rat plasma at 1 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Role of plasma proteins in pharmacokinetics of micafungin, an antifungal antibiotic, in analbuminemic rats.
AID433591	Antifungal activity against Candida haemulonii after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID535408	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 4254 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID374332	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate 0014-074 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID324349	Ratio of MIC for Aspergillus flavus to MIC for Aspergillus niger in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID563617	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4003 assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID518089	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans infected in ICR Swiss mouse	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID531840	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 33616 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID546104	Antimicrobial activity against germinated Aspergillus fumigatus conidia	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID546086	Drug concentration in healthy human plasma at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 24 hrs of third postdose by high-pressure liquid chromatography method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID531153	Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis H4 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID555574	Antimicrobial activity against Candida rugosa by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID575110	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 45 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID324332	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 in presence of 10% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID519435	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-4428 obtained from skin of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID549109	Ratio of drug level in alveolar cell to plasma of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 18 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID563616	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-3810 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID528574	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 20.6 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 37661	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID563628	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-4262 obtained from Ophthalmic assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID531343	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata isolate 7755 FKS2 F659V mutant gene after 48 hrs by broth dilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Development of caspofungin resistance following prolonged therapy for invasive candidiasis secondary to Candida glabrata infection.
AID555623	Antimicrobial activity against Acremonium sp.by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555810	Antimicrobial activity against Rhizopus microsporus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID583626	Drug level in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse spleen with disseminated aspergillosis assessed as compound level per gram of tissue at 5 mg/kg/day, iv for 7 days measured on day 8	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID283407	Serum clearance in Candida glabrata infected neutropenic Swiss Webster mouse	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia.
AID521513	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus nidulans NBRC 33017 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID528555	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.53 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 98-17	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555630	Antimicrobial activity against Hormographiella verticillata by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID433596	Antifungal activity against Candida famata after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID563432	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4264 obtained from blood culture assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID522776	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID374514	Ratio of MIC50 for Aspergillus niger isolate 0001-073 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Aspergillus niger isolate 0001-073 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID549134	Hepatotoxicity in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient assessed as serum creatinine level at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID522699	Fungicidal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID559659	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei EU220 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID509644	Antimicrobial activity against caspofungin-resistant Candida albicans NR4 expressing heterozygous fsk1 mutant gene by CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates.
AID518074	Ratio of fAUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida albicans at static dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID559885	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 90% fungal growth reduction at 16 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID323269	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans B06-341 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID555614	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus glaucus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID563469	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 43 from patient with malignant lymphoma at 4.8 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with malignant lymphoma at 4.8 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID1202740	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 48 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Prenylated benzophenones from Triadenum japonicum.
AID555596	Antimicrobial activity against Cryptococcus albidus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID543918	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 36082 by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID323325	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis Leic952 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID546439	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 fks1-F639Y mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID544186	Activity at Candida albicans 85 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934T mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID531827	Fungistatic activity against Candida albicans isolate 98-17 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID522765	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID522791	Antifungal activity against wild type Candida albicans ATCC 90028	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID563471	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 8 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID522768	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID516197	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis 20577.055 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID555586	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID555866	Antimicrobial activity against Beauveria bassiana by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID531148	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 36082 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID432416	Antifungal activity against germinated Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 64 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID519445	Antimicrobial activity against Neosartorya pseudofischeri isolate CNM-CM-2270 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID531151	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata T51916 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID528587	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 20.6 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 37661	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID516190	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20423.072 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID535621	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID374489	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate 0014-074 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID528567	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 3.76 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 570	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID544166	Inhibition of Candida albicans 85 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934T mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID555569	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID522730	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID542417	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus terreus clinical isolate after 48 hrs by EUCAST test	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	In vitro activities of various antifungal drugs against Aspergillus terreus: Global assessment using the methodology of the European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
AID555588	Antimicrobial activity against Galactomyces geotrichum by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID432417	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus terreus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 64 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID559653	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei CK6 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID323318	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis J930936 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID544158	Inhibition of Candida albicans 3107 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563478	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans FP633 in presence of heat inactivated mouse serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID555798	Antimicrobial activity against Alternaria infectoria by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID508744	Drug level in pancreatic pseudocyst fluid of patient with invasive candidiasis measured 24 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid.
AID583625	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 infected in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in fungal burden in spleen at 15 mg/kg, iv for 6 days treated 24 hrs postinfection measured 24 hrs after last dose by galac	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID582556	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 41400 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p D666G mutant by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID509641	Antimicrobial activity against caspofungin-resistant Candida albicans T26 by CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates.
AID516176	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 5592 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID546077	Antifungal activity against Candida pelliculosa isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID323264	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SCS67023C after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID1202743	Antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 48 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Prenylated benzophenones from Triadenum japonicum.
AID565387	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10032 infected in OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in kidney at 10 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID544127	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 119 harboring FKS1 T1921C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 F641L mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID535416	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 42286 expressing wild type FKS1 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID582553	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 234 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p F659V mutant by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID563458	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 43 from patient with myelodysplastic syndrome at 3.9 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with myelodysplastic syndrome at 3.9 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID432249	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus flavus assessed as lowest drug concentration that produced short, stubby and highly branched hyphae after 48 hrs by microscopic analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID522773	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID531828	Fungistatic activity against Candida albicans isolate 98-210 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID283405	Reduction of spleen fungal burden in Candida glabrata infected ip dosed neutropenic Swiss Webster mouse	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia.
AID544172	Inhibition of Candida albicans A15 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933Y mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID528550	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 1.34 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 513	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID531141	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis am-2006-0113 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID528569	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 4.60 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 98-17	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID528588	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 4.26 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 34341	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID531546	Plasma protein binding in analbuminemic Nagase rat at 1 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose by high-performance liquid chromatography	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Role of plasma proteins in pharmacokinetics of micafungin, an antifungal antibiotic, in analbuminemic rats.
AID509643	Antimicrobial activity against caspofungin-resistant Candida albicans NR3 expressing homozygous fsk1 mutant gene by CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates.
AID565075	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus by microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Case of fatal Blastoschizomyces capitatus infection occurring in a patient receiving empiric micafungin therapy.
AID582578	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 3168 wild type 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID563442	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID546075	Antifungal activity against Candida guilliermondii isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID565369	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 9456 by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID531818	Cmax in Candida infected ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 80 mg/kg, ip	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID324346	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans SC5314 in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID546103	Penetration ratio, ratio of AUC for alveolar macrophage cells of healthy human to AUC for human plasma	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID522760	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID565364	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10034 after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID544148	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 90 harboring FKS1 G4082R mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot2 R1361R/H mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID546079	Antifungal activity against Candida lipolytica isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID528577	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 1.40 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 33609	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID522750	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID559879	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 99.9% fungal growth reduction at 4 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID323313	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FS after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID549114	Tmax in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID531161	Inhibition of FKS1 deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID324315	Ratio of MIC for Candida krusei to MIC for Candida krusei in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID582575	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5416 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p W1375L mutant by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID521527	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC MYA-575 after 47 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID518081	Ratio of fAUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida glabrata infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida glabrata at 1 log kill dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID433605	Antifungal activity against Candida norvegensis after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID522756	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID374337	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida albicans isolate 0012-025 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida albicans isolate 0012-025 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID531158	Inhibition of Candida metapsilosis 960161 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID563258	Cmax in patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 1.2 mg/kg administered once daily after 17 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID543919	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 36082 by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID546437	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 containing Aspergillus fumigatus fks1617-649 hybrid after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID522793	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 205 harboring FKS1 T1933C mutant gene	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID283403	Reduction of kidney fungal burden in Candida glabrata infected ip dosed neutropenic Swiss Webster mouse	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia.
AID535414	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 53264 expressing FKS1 F645P mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID559887	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 99.9% fungal growth reduction at 16 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID374509	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus terreus isolate 0031-087 after 48 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID523392	Volume of distribution in iv dosed human infant by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID522118	Fungicidal activity against calcineurin deltacnb1 mutant containing Candida glabrata TG163 complemented with CNB1 gene at 0.03 ug/ml after 24 hrs by colorimetric microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Roles of calcineurin and Crz1 in antifungal susceptibility and virulence of Candida glabrata.
AID582566	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 3169 expressing Fks1p D632E mutant and wild type Fks2p by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID549135	Hepatotoxicity in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient assessed as serum AST level at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID522752	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID563460	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 12 from patient with malignant lymphoma at 2.6 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with malignant lymphoma at 2.6 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID522712	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as mild induction of fungal death at 0.03 to 32 mg/L after 6 hrs by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID531345	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata isolate 7755 FKS2 F659V mutant gene after 48 hrs by broth dilution method in presence of 50% of human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Development of caspofungin resistance following prolonged therapy for invasive candidiasis secondary to Candida glabrata infection.
AID509640	Antimicrobial activity against caspofungin-resistant Candida albicans T25 by CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates.
AID323267	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans AM2003/0083 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID549097	Drug level in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient epithelial lining fluid at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 18 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID374523	Ratio of MIC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-020 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-020 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID516200	Cmax in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 80 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID546447	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 containing Candida glabrata fks1-CgS453-649 hybrid after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID528591	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 5.46 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 5592	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID563422	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-3257 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID544157	Inhibition of Candida albicans 1002 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID559886	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 99% fungal growth reduction at 16 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID555590	Antimicrobial activity against Trichosporon asahii by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID544179	Activity at Candida albicans 3795 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563618	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4005 assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID563423	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-3506 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID432415	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 64 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID546098	Clearance at steady state in healthy human plasma at 150 mg, iv TID	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID544149	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 90 harboring FKS1 G4082R mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot2 R1361R/H mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID543924	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 3107 by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID432259	Effect on nongerminated Aspergillus flavus metabolic activity assessed as drug concentration at which fungal metabolic activity occurs after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID563436	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-5095 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID374528	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus isolate 0001-033 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID544129	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 177 harboring FKS1 T1922C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 F641S mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID432420	Antifungal activity against germinated Aspergillus flavus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 64 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID563445	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 10 from patient with malignant lymphoma at 3.9 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID528541	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.53 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 98-17	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID509646	Antimicrobial activity against caspofungin-resistant Candida albicans CAI4 by CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates.
AID522798	Inhibition of Candida glabrata CG-C3 FKS2 T1987C mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID374499	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis isolate 0036-030 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis isolate 0036-030 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID535629	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T26 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with LLTLSLRDP mutant at monophasic kinetics	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID432413	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus flavus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 128 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID324347	Ratio of MIC for Aspergillus fumigatus to MIC for Aspergillus fumigatus in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID516194	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20489.085 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID521518	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus oryzae NBRC 31005 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID535618	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis T3 blood stream isolate harboring Fks1p FLTLS/PLRDP mutant protein	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID374344	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 0049-038 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID522117	Fungicidal activity against Candida glabrata TG172 containing deltacrz1 mutant at 0.03 ug/ml after 24 hrs by colorimetric microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Roles of calcineurin and Crz1 in antifungal susceptibility and virulence of Candida glabrata.
AID528582	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 4.60 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 98-17	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID546441	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 fks1delta617-649::URA3 deletant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID432245	Ratio of log2 of MEC for germinated Aspergillus fumigatus to log2 of MEC for nongerminated Aspergillus fumigatus	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID374493	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis isolate 0011-013 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida parapsilosis isolate 0011-013 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID323314	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FS after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID563457	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 17 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID1202746	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans IFM62680 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 48 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Prenylated benzophenones from Triadenum japonicum.
AID374345	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 0049-038 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID531807	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate K1 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID575109	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 43 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID543923	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 1002 by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563464	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID565383	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10034 infected in OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in spleen at 1 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID531836	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 513 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID544141	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 149 harboring FKS1 G1942T mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 D648Y mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID518794	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID372840	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus isolate 0001-061 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID522797	Inhibition of Candida glabrata CG-C2 FKS1 T1885C mutant	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID283404	Reduction of lung fungal burden in Candida glabrata infected ip dosed neutropenic Swiss Webster mouse	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia.
AID529570	Ratio of AUC in rat kidney to AUC in rat plasma at 1 mg/kg, iv	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anidulafungin in rats.
AID565394	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10032 infected in immunosuppressed OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in spleen at 1 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID323332	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCS59662 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID563461	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 8 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID549130	Drug level in epithelial lining fluid of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 5 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID528592	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 2.0 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 5376	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID324159	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate after 48 hrs by XTT assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Modeling the combination of amphotericin B, micafungin, and nikkomycin Z against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro using a novel response surface paradigm.
AID521507	Antifungal activity against Trichosporon asahii JCM 2466 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID522690	Fungicidal activity against Candida orthopsilosis isolate CP-150 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID326123	Paradoxical effect in Candida glabrata assessed as increase in turbidity at 96 times MIC	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID283406	Reduction of kidney fungal burden in Candida glabrata infected neutropenic Swiss Webster mouse at >=50 mg/kg, ip after 7 days	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia.
AID522770	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID324350	Ratio of MIC for Aspergillus flavus to MIC for Aspergillus terreus in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID575108	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 41 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID405185	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 16105 isolate by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID522120	Fungicidal activity against Candida glabrata TG162 containing calcineurin deltacnb1 mutant at 0.03 ug/ml after 24 hrs by colorimetric microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Roles of calcineurin and Crz1 in antifungal susceptibility and virulence of Candida glabrata.
AID535406	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 2762 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID325031	Antifungal activity against FKS1 T2080K mutation containing Candida krusei 100 isolate from acute myelogenous leukemia patient by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Acquired echinocandin resistance in a Candida krusei isolate due to modification of glucan synthase.
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID529668	Antimicrobial activity against Paecilomyces lilacinus by microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Susceptibility testing and molecular classification of Paecilomyces spp.
AID522761	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID283408	Reduction of fungal burden in Candida glabrata infected neutropenic Swiss Webster mouse at 100 mg/kg, ip after 7 days	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia.
AID324329	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus MF5668 in presence of 20% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID508742	Plasma concentration in patient with invasive candidiasis measured 23 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid.
AID563632	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus foetidus isolate CM-4995 obtained from prosthesis assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID563433	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4296 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID323324	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis Leic875 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID1202741	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 48 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Prenylated benzophenones from Triadenum japonicum.
AID549113	Cmax in alveolar cells of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID533842	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 by Etest	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID323277	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans JIMS146204 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID582551	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 42971 expressing Fks1p D632Y mutant and Fks2p R1377STOP mutant by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID528561	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.18 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 34341	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID531837	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5592 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID522727	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID374336	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 0012-025 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID323305	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 910Aa after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID531156	Inhibition of Candida orthopsilosis 981224 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID546105	Antimicrobial activity against non-germinated Aspergillus fumigatus conidia	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID519428	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-3599 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID531154	Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis H5 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID535409	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 41301 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID522774	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID522709	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as induction of fungal killing rate at 0.03 to 32 mg/L measured at 6 hrs by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID531137	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis H4 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID528565	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 1.80 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 5592	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID563127	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 24 hrs by Almar blue assay in presence of 0.2% glucosel	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID516191	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20423.078 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID374340	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida albicans isolate 0021-076 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida albicans isolate 0021-076 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID516203	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 80 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID555801	Antimicrobial activity against Hortaea werneckii by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID324340	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 36082 in presence of 10% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID522775	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID432248	Ratio of log2 of MEC for germinated Aspergillus terreus to log2 of MEC for nongerminated Aspergillus terreus	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID531832	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 37661 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID546081	Antifungal activity against Candida intermedia isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID531164	Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 36082 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID563472	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 8 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID521522	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 64124 after 47 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID543927	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 3795 by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563262	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 43 patient with malignant lymphoma at 4.8 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID543922	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 1002 by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID518785	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 4708 expressing fks1 S645P mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID565389	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10032 infected in OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in spleen at 10 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID528558	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.84 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate K1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID535612	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 42379 expressing FKS1 F645P mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID582582	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 3169 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p D632E mutant/wild type Fks2p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID544145	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 121 harboring FKS1 G4082A mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot2 R1361H mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID559877	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 90% fungal growth reduction at 4 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID1873196	Inhibition of ABCG2 (unknown origin) expressed in human HEK293 cells membrane vesicles assessed inhibition of BCRP- mediated transport of 3[H]-E1S for 1 mins using [3H]-estrone sulfate as substrate by liquid scintillation counter analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	Targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): Functional inhibitors and expression modulators.
AID516187	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20477.078 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID549095	Drug level in epithelial lining fluid of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 3 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID1903361	Antifungal activity against micafungin resistant Candida albicans ATCC 76615 assessed as reduction in fungal growth incubated for 24 hrs by two fold broth dilution method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3'-quinolin]-2'-one derivatives as potential chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents.
AID535617	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis T7 blood stream isolate	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID549107	Ratio of drug level in alveolar cell to plasma of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 3 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID528563	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 0.41 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 33609	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID516188	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20385.079 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID559654	Fungicidal activity against Candida krusei CK6 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID531821	Cmax in Candida infected ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 20 mg/kg, ip	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID522748	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID545415	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 3 consecutive days measured post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID544146	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 194 harboring FKS1 C1934T/G4082R mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645F mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot2 R1361R/H mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563448	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 43 patient with malignant lymphoma at 4.8 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID432244	Antifungal activity against germinated Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as lowest drug concentration that produced short, stubby and highly branched hyphae after 48 hrs by microscopic analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID544170	Inhibition of Candida albicans 194 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934T/G4082R mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID374504	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis isolate 0022-021 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID565395	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10034 infected in immunosuppressed OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in kidney at 1 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID565362	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10033 after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID516173	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 98-234 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID545417	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in epithelial lining fluid of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 3 consecutive days measured post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID546088	Drug concentration in healthy human epithelial lining fluid at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 12 hrs of third postdose by urea dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID549100	Drug level in alveolar cells of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 8 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID531548	Binding affinity to human serum albumin in cell-free system	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Role of plasma proteins in pharmacokinetics of micafungin, an antifungal antibiotic, in analbuminemic rats.
AID374495	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate 0026-003 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID563123	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 0.1% glucose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID374515	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-0016 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID582576	Inhibition of Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 wild type 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID549103	Ratio of drug level in epithelial lining fluid to plasma in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 3 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID326111	Paradoxical effect in Candida albicans assessed as increase in turbidity at 96 times MIC	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID575112	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 49 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID522762	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID519449	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus viridinutans isolate CNM-CM-4518 obtained from nail of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID432264	Induction of maximal metabolic inhibition in nongerminated Aspergillus terreus assessed as minimal metabolic activity Ymin after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID324337	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 90028 in presence of 20% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID323307	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis AMCC after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID528573	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 3.77 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 35315	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID555612	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niveus by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID433592	Antifungal activity against Candida lusitaniae after 24 to 48 hrs by AFST-EUCAST based broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2	Comparative in vitro activities of caspofungin and micafungin, determined using the method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, against yeast isolates obtained in France in 2005-2006.
AID528551	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 1.80 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 5592	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID522881	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID351872	Inhibition of wild-type 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase KU80delta from Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as incorporation of [3H]glucose	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID323308	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis AMCC after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID523395	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in rabbit hematogenous Candida meningoencephalitis model at 8 mg/kg, iv	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID528556	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.84 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 98-210	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID563455	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID543921	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 90028 by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID555591	Antimicrobial activity against Rhodotorula mucilaginosa by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds.
AID582579	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 42997 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p F625S mutant/wild type Fks2p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID582565	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 21900 expressing Fks1p D632G mutant and wild type Fks2p by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID582588	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 41400 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p D666G mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID583627	Drug level in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse spleen with disseminated aspergillosis assessed as compound level per gram of tissue at 10 mg/kg/day, iv for 7 days measured on day 8	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID535627	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T19 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with FLTLS/PLRDP mutant at monophasic kinetics	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID546084	Drug concentration in healthy human plasma at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 4 hrs of third postdose by high-pressure liquid chromatography method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID565392	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10034 infected in OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in kidney at 1 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID575123	Inhibition of beta-1,3-D-glucan synthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 204305 after 48 hrs by alanine blue assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID531844	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate K1 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID323336	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCSBB417709 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID549093	Drug level in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 18 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID522742	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID518782	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 4700 expressing fks1 F641Y mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID549112	Cmax in epithelial lining fluid of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID559658	Fungicidal activity against Candida krusei EU123 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID529544	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 06-3168 obtained from patient on compound therapy by M27-A2 method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Reduced Candida glabrata susceptibility secondary to an FKS1 mutation developed during candidemia treatment.
AID323340	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID528562	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 0.06 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 32930	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID323321	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis KR after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID432267	Induction of maximal metabolic inhibition in germinated Aspergillus flavus assessed as minimal metabolic activity Ymin after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID546078	Antifungal activity against Candida kefyr isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID554491	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus H237 assessed as abnormal hyphal growth by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID519448	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus viridinutans isolate CNM-CM-3147 obtained from oropharyngeal exudate of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID522731	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID323298	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans Y109 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID522724	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID516177	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 513 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID563453	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID432266	Induction of maximal metabolic inhibition in nongerminated Aspergillus flavus assessed as minimal metabolic activity Ymin after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID535620	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis T26 blood stream isolate harboring Fks1p LLTLSLRDP mutant protein	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID516178	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 33609 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID549122	Ratio of Cmax in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient alveolar cell to MIC90 for Aspergillus fumigatus	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID563449	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 12 patient with malignant lymphoma at 2.6 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID563421	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-3236 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID563466	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID323306	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 910Aa after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID374488	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida lusitaniae isolate 0015-049 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida lusitaniae isolate 0015-049 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID283402	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolated from candidemia patient after 48 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia.
AID563625	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4000 by broth dilution method assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1202744	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger IFM62678 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 48 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Prenylated benzophenones from Triadenum japonicum.
AID518067	Half life in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 80 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID582580	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 5847 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p S629P mutant/wild type Fks2p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID324345	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans SC5314 in presence of 20% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID516204	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 20 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID521539	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans TIMM 1623 infected ICR mouse assessed as delay in mortality of mouse at 0.2 mg/kg after 6 days	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID516181	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 35315 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID522732	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID522736	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID544150	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans A15 harboring FKS1 T1933Y mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645S/P mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID549124	Ratio of AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient epithelial lining fluid to MIC90 for Aspergillus fumigatus	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID559656	Fungicidal activity against Candida krusei CK18 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID522754	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID565368	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 9453 by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID323259	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC5314 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID546085	Drug concentration in healthy human plasma at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 12 hrs of third postdose by high-pressure liquid chromatography method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID522119	Fungistatic activity against wild type Candida glabrata TG11 at 0.03 ug/ml after 24 hrs by colorimetric microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 54, Issue:4	Roles of calcineurin and Crz1 in antifungal susceptibility and virulence of Candida glabrata.
AID535624	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T7 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p at monophasic kinetics	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID563475	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID522790	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata CG-C3 harboring FKS2 T1987C mutant gene	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID323330	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCS17154969-2 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID546445	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 containing Fusarium solani fks1-FS453-649 hybrid after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID563467	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 17 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID533850	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 infected in neutropenic BALB/c mouse lung assessed as swollen dysmorphic hyphal clusters at 10 mg/kg, ip administered as single dose 24 hrs before infection by light microscopy	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID563257	Cmin in patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 1.2 mg/kg administered once daily after 17 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID563428	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-3641 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID563256	Cmax in patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 1.2 mg/kg administered once daily after 15 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID535415	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 5415 expressing FKS1 F645P/H mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID546091	Drug concentration in Alveolar macrophage cells of healthy human at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 12 hrs of third postdose by urea dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID323327	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCS17154969-1 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID432419	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus flavus assessed as absence of visual fungal growth at 64 ug/mL	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID519430	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-4370 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID565402	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus IHEM 10123 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID565355	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 9453 after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID374501	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID531841	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolate 98-17 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID544180	Activity at Candida albicans 119 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1921C mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563468	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 43 from patient with myelodysplastic syndrome at 3.9 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with myelodysplastic syndrome at 3.9 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID432246	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus terreus assessed as lowest drug concentration that produced short, stubby and highly branched hyphae after 48 hrs by microscopic analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID531849	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 33609 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID522755	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID324342	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 36082 in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID522734	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID522735	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID522693	Fungicidal activity against Candida metapsilosis isolate CP-132 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID544131	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 2762 harboring FKS1 T1922C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 F641S mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID533843	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 infected in neutropenic BALB/c mouse assessed as mouse survival at 10 mg/kg, ip administered as single dose 24 hrs before infection relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID559661	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei CY118 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID374476	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei isolate 0001-058 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID518088	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis infected in ICR Swiss mouse assessed log reduction in bacterial count after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID563136	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 infected in ICR mouse assessed as fungal load in kidney at 0.5 mg/kg/day, sc for 8 days measured on day 12	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID374343	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida glabrata isolate 0022-012 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida glabrata isolate 0022-012 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID1455938	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 48 hrs by broth micro-dilution method	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029
AID521525	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC MYA-573 after 47 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID518083	Fungistatic activity against Candida albicans infected in neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID544143	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 122 harboring FKS1 C1946A mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 P649H mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID516183	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 34341 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID518787	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 4690 expressing fks2 L644W mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID374525	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-021 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID549136	Hepatotoxicity in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient assessed as serum ALT level at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID323291	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans CAI4RI after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID563462	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 8 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg to Cmax for patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID374484	Antifungal activity against Candida lusitaniae isolate 0013-002 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID582557	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 42031 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p D666E mutant by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID529545	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata 06-3169 harboring FSK1p T1896G and D632E mutant obtained from patient on compound therapy by M27-A2 method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Reduced Candida glabrata susceptibility secondary to an FKS1 mutation developed during candidemia treatment.
AID432263	Induction of maximal metabolic inhibition in germinated Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as minimal metabolic activity Ymin after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID546083	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID522740	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 16 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID531545	Volume of distribution at steady state in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma at 1 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose by high-performance liquid chromatography	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Role of plasma proteins in pharmacokinetics of micafungin, an antifungal antibiotic, in analbuminemic rats.
AID563440	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID528575	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 4.26 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 34341	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID531344	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata isolate 7754 after 48 hrs by broth dilution method in presence of 50% of human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	Development of caspofungin resistance following prolonged therapy for invasive candidiasis secondary to Candida glabrata infection.
AID1202742	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis assessed as reduction in bacterial growth incubated for 48 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Prenylated benzophenones from Triadenum japonicum.
AID522751	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 90% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID323300	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 75/043 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID323278	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans JIMS146204 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID535418	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 4715 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID559652	Fungicidal activity against Candida krusei CK2 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID374487	Antifungal activity against Candida lusitaniae isolate 0015-049 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID546434	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 containing Aspergillus fumigatus fks1delta453-649 hybrid after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID405226	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 5666 isolate infected OF1 mouse blastoschizomycosis model assessed as kidney microbial count at 10 mg/kg/day, sc for 6 days administered 1 hr before microbial challenge	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID374485	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida lusitaniae isolate 0013-002 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida lusitaniae isolate 0013-002 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID518082	Ratio of fAUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida parapsilosis infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida parapsilosis at 1 log kill dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID432257	Effect on germinated Aspergillus terreus metabolic activity assessed as drug concentration at which fungal metabolic activity occurs after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID1474167	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID323262	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SCS140136P after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID533849	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 infected in neutropenic BALB/c mouse lung assessed as swollen dysmorphic hyphal clusters at 20 mg/kg, ip administered as single dose 24 hrs before infection by light microscopy	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID351874	Inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase EMFR-S678P/WT mutant from Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as incorporation of [3H]glucose	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID546440	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 fks1-F639F wild type after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID531822	AUC (0 to infinity) in Candida infected ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 20 mg/kg, ip	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID563264	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 8 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID323275	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans JIMS132203 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID582550	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 3169 expressing Fks1p D632E mutant and wild type Fks2p by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID518073	Ratio of AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida parapsilosis infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida parapsilosis at static dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID522733	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID549102	Drug level in alveolar cells of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 24 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID563121	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 2% glucose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID546102	Penetration ratio, ratio of AUC for human epithelial lining fluid to AUC for human plasma	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID549116	Tmax in alveolar cells of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID575120	Antifungal activity against Madurella mycetomatis isolate 83 by XTT assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Madurella mycetomatis is not susceptible to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents.
AID565361	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10032 after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID518793	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID549098	Drug level in epithelial lining fluid of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 24 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID522779	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID522753	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID374477	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida krusei isolate 0001-058 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida krusei isolate 0001-058 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID432265	Induction of maximal metabolic inhibition in germinated Aspergillus terreus assessed as minimal metabolic activity Ymin after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID559862	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 99% fungal growth reduction at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID544151	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans A15 harboring FKS1 T1933Y mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645S/P mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID545421	Ratio of total Cmax to MIC90 in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient infected with Aspergillus fumigatus	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID532045	Antifungal activity against Lichtheimia ornata clinical isolate after 24 hrs by EUCAST method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Antifungal susceptibility profile of human-pathogenic species of Lichtheimia.
AID565366	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10035 after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID563250	Cmax in patient with malignant lymphoma infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 2.6 mg/kg administered once daily after 12 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID508749	Drug level in rabbit kidney at 0.5 to 2 mg/kg/day, iv for 8 days measured 30 mins after last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid.
AID554488	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 expressing cnaA gene assessed as abnormal hyphal growth by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 53, Issue:2	Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID323317	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis J930936 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID563126	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 48 hrs by Almar blue assay in presence of 0.2% glucose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID518079	Ratio of AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida parapsilosis infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida parapsilosis at 1 log kill dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID583621	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 infected in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse assessed as survival rate at 15 mg/kg, iv for 6 days measured after 28 days	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID583633	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 infected in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in fungal burden in spleen at 5 mg/kg, iv for 3 days treated 4 days postinfection relative to control	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID351871	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus expressing fks1 gene EMFR-S678P/WT mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth dilution susceptibility test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
AID563451	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 8 from patient with acute myeloid leukemia at 1.1 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID405211	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 16105 isolate infected OF1 mouse blastoschizomycosis model assessed as kidney microbial count per gram of tissue at 10 mg/kg/day, sc for 6 days administered 1 hr before microbial challenge	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID518784	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis isolate 4780 expressing fks1 F641S mutant after 24 to 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Low prevalence of fks1 hot spot 1 mutations in a worldwide collection of Candida strains.
AID432243	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as lowest drug concentration that produced short, stubby and highly branched hyphae after 48 hrs by microscopic analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID374478	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei isolate 0013-054 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID546438	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 transfected with Scedosporium prolificans FSK1 gene sequence after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID374508	Ratio of MIC50 for Candida tropicalis isolate 0050-028 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Candida tropicalis isolate 0050-028 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID563631	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4899 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID582581	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 21900 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p D632G mutant/wild type Fks2p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID549108	Ratio of drug level in alveolar cell to plasma of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 8 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID582583	Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 42971 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p D632Y mutant/Fks2p R1377STOP mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID326117	Paradoxical effect in Candida tropicalis assessed as increase in turbidity at 96 times MIC	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Paradoxical effect of Echinocandins across Candida species in vitro: evidence for echinocandin-specific and candida species-related differences.
AID528589	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 1.69 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 32930	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID528543	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 1.98 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate 580	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID531166	Inhibition of Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID582561	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 218 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID528566	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 0.90 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 5376	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID519549	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumisynnematus isolate CNM-CM-2280 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID528554	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 3.88 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 33616	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID565358	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 10031 after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID528547	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.18 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 34341	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID516192	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20562.03 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID545420	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in alveolar cell of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient plasma at 150 mg, iv administered as single dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID283401	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolated from candidemia patient after 24 hrs	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3	Once-weekly micafungin therapy is as effective as daily therapy for disseminated candidiasis in mice with persistent neutropenia.
AID531138	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis H5 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID519447	Antimicrobial activity against Neosartorya pseudofischeri isolate CNM-CM-3914 obtained from nail of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID565399	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus IHEM 18821 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID324330	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus MF5668 in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID546106	Ratio of Cmax to MEC for Aspergillus	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID543916	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans SC5314 by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID563447	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 43 from patient with myelodysplastic syndrome at 1.4 mg/kg by disk diffusion method in presence of human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID521526	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC MYA-574 after 47 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID531835	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 33609 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID509647	Antimicrobial activity against caspofungin-susceptible Issatchenkia orientalis CY-118 CLSI by M27-A3 broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates.
AID549118	Clearance in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID563434	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate CM-4316 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID563120	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 0.2% glycerol	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID522802	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis CT-C1 wild type FKS	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID522781	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 32 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID559663	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID549117	Elimination half life in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID522738	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID546435	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 containing Fusarium solani fks1617-649 with F639 mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID405186	Antimicrobial activity against Blastoschizomyces capitatus IHEM 5666 isolate by microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7	Combined therapies in a murine model of blastoschizomycosis.
AID535613	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 53264 expressing FKS1 F645P mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID563122	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 0.2% glucose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	T-2307 shows efficacy in a murine model of Candida glabrata infection despite in vitro trailing growth phenomena.
AID559863	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 bloodstream forms assessed as time to achieve 99.9% fungal growth reduction at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID522700	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as fungal count at 1 mg/L measured at 6 hrs by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID549129	Drug level in alveolar cells of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 3 consecutive days measured after 5 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID546442	Antimicrobial activity against Candida glabrata containing fsk2-L588P/F639V mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Role for Fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of Fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID522689	Fungicidal activity against Candida orthopsilosis isolate CP-131 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID323279	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans NCPF6525 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID522722	Antifungal activity against Candida orthopsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID563259	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 10 from patient with malignant lymphoma at 3.9 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID546074	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis isolated from candidemia patient by AFST-EUCAST microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	A 10-year survey of antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates from intensive care unit patients in Greece.
AID531826	Half life in Candida infected ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 5 mg/kg, ip	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID563629	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-4352 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID528572	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 4.08 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate K1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID563437	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-3123 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID531823	Half life in Candida infected ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 20 mg/kg, ip	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID372841	Ratio of MIC50 for Aspergillus flavus isolate 0001-061 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Aspergillus flavus isolate 0001-061 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID582485	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID516170	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 98-17 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID528590	Ratio of fAUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at 1-Log kill dose of 1.40 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 33609	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID508750	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans infected in neutropenic rabbit model of disseminated candidiasis assessed as reduction in brain microbial burden at 0.25 to 2 mg/kg/day for 10 days	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid.
AID532046	Antifungal activity against Lichtheimia ornata clinical isolate after 48 hrs by EUCAST method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Antifungal susceptibility profile of human-pathogenic species of Lichtheimia.
AID531547	Plasma protein binding in Sprague-Dawley rat at 1 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose by high-performance liquid chromatography	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Role of plasma proteins in pharmacokinetics of micafungin, an antifungal antibiotic, in analbuminemic rats.
AID323333	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis SCS65875C after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID563261	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 43 from patient with myelodysplastic syndrome at 1.4 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID323274	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans JIMS101103 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID531834	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 32930 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID374524	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-021 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID546097	Volume of distribution in healthy human plasma at 150 mg, iv TID	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID544175	Activity at Candida albicans 36082 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID558873	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans GDH 2346 planktonic cells by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 53, Issue:6	In vitro activity of micafungin against planktonic and sessile Candida albicans isolates.
AID522743	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID519438	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumisynnematus isolate CNM-CM-3227 obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID522759	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID582592	Ratio of IC50 for Candida glabrata wild type 1,3-beta-glucan synthase to IC50 for Candida glabrata 1,3-beta-glucan synthase mutant	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID374491	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis isolate 0011-013 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID323288	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans NR3 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID374526	Ratio of MIC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-021 in presence of 50% human serum to MIC50 for Aspergillus fumigatus isolate 0002-021 in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID582555	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 3830 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p S663P mutant by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID528544	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 2.84 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida albicans isolate K1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID323268	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans AM2003/0083 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID323282	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans T28 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID508747	Drug level in rabbit brain at 2 mg/kg/day, iv for 8 days measured 30 mins after last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid.
AID535419	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 2762 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID518078	Ratio of AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida glabrata infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida glabrata at 1 log kill dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID528538	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 5376 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID432260	Effect on germinated Aspergillus flavus metabolic activity assessed as drug concentration at which fungal metabolic activity occurs after 2 hrs by XTT assay	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
AID563624	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-3654 obtained from blood culture assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID518071	Ratio of AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse to MIC for Candida albicans at static dose after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID374486	Antifungal activity against Candida lusitaniae isolate 0015-049 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID531142	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis 960161 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID522691	Fungicidal activity against Candida orthopsilosis isolate CP-151 bloodstream form by CLSI method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID549110	Ratio of drug level in alveolar cell to plasma of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 24 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID374513	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger isolate 0001-073 after 24 hrs by CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID563441	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans FP633 collected from trough serum sample on day 15 from patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 1.2 mg/kg by disk diffusion method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID583622	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 infected in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in fungal burden in kidney at 5 mg/kg, iv for 6 days measured 24 hrs after last dose relative to control	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID519444	Antimicrobial activity against Neosartorya pseudofischeri isolate CNM-CM-3769 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID549096	Drug level in epithelial lining fluid of lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 8 hrs post last dose by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID531839	Fungistatic activity against Candida glabrata isolate 570 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID531845	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 35315 infected in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse assessed as dose required for 1-log kill after 24 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID324158	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus isolate after 24 hrs by XTT assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Modeling the combination of amphotericin B, micafungin, and nikkomycin Z against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro using a novel response surface paradigm.
AID546096	AUC ( 0 to 24 hrs) in healthy human plasma at 150 mg, iv TID	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID324316	Ratio of MIC for Candida parapsilosis to MIC for Candida parapsilosis in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID582563	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 42997 expressing Fks1p F625S mutant and wild type Fks2p by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID509645	Antimicrobial activity against caspofungin-resistant Candida albicans T32 by CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3	Comparison of anidulafungin MICs determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution method (M27-A3 document) and Etest for Candida species isolates.
AID563248	Cmax in patient with myelodysplastic syndrome infected with Candida albicans FP633 at 1.4 mg/kg administered once daily after 45 days by HPLC	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID522764	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 50% reduction in fungal growth at 4 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID544128	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 177 harboring FKS1 T1922C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 F641S mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID583620	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 infected in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse assessed as survival rate at 5 mg/kg, iv for 6 days treated 24hrs postinfection measured after 28 days	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID583623	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 infected in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in fungal burden in spleen at 5 mg/kg, iv for 6 days treated 24 hrs postinfection measured 24 hrs after last dose relative	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID559660	Fungicidal activity against Candida krusei EU220 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID516201	Cmax in Candida albicans infected neutropenic ICR Swiss mouse at 20 mg/kg, ip	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID528549	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 0.41 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 33609	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID583624	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 infected in immunosuppressed Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in fungal burden in spleen at 10 mg/kg, iv for 6 days treated 24 hrs postinfection measured 24 hrs after last dose relative	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Liposomal amphotericin B and echinocandins as monotherapy or sequential or concomitant therapy in murine disseminated and pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infections.
AID522792	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 177 harboring FKS1 T1922C mutant gene	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID523388	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in candidiasis patient at 8 mg/kg, iv by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID519434	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-4426 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID522757	Antifungal activity against Candida metapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 0.25 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID565398	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus CBS 102277 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID535411	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 43001 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID521546	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus IFM 46895 infected ICR mouse after 6 days	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine.
AID565555	Antifungal activity against Rhizopus microsporus UTHSC 07-371 by broth microdilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against Rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.
AID516198	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis 20519.069 after 24 hrs	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	In vivo comparison of the pharmacodynamic targets for echinocandin drugs against Candida species.
AID374479	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei isolate 0013-054 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of 50% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID533844	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus 293 infected in neutropenic BALB/c mouse assessed as mouse survival at 5 mg/kg, ip administered as single dose 24 hrs prior to infection measured after 7 days relative to untreated control	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Efficacy of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B or micafungin prophylaxis in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
AID323316	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis IK after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID563622	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus tubingensis isolate CM-3177 obtained from respiratory tract infection of patient assessed as inhibition of hyphal growth after 48 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Species identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri.
AID324325	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus R21 in presence of 20% human serum	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID508748	Drug level in rabbit lung at 0.5 to 2 mg/kg/day, iv for 8 days measured 30 mins after last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 54, Issue:2	Micafungin concentrations from brain tissue and pancreatic pseudocyst fluid.
AID565390	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis FMR 10032 infected in OF1 mouse assessed as fungal count in spleen at 1 mg/kg/day, iv after 24 hrs by hemocytometry	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID535628	Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T19 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with FLTLS/PLRDP mutant at biphasic kinetics	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
AID549105	Ratio of drug level in epithelial lining fluid to plasma in lung transplant recipient invasive aspergillosis patient at 150 mg, iv QD for 4 consecutive days measured after 18 hrs post last dose	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8	Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in adult lung transplant patients.
AID522786	Antifungal activity against wild type Candida tropicalis ATCC 750	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
AID544133	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 205 harboring FKS1 T1933C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 S645P mutant gene by M27-A3 method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID532043	Antifungal activity against Lichtheimia corymbifera clinical isolate after 24 hrs by EUCAST method	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Antifungal susceptibility profile of human-pathogenic species of Lichtheimia.
AID325034	Ratio of MIC of FKS1 T2080K mutation containing Candida krusei 100 isolate to MIC of Candida krusei 98 isolate from acute myelogenous leukemia patient by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Acquired echinocandin resistance in a Candida krusei isolate due to modification of glucan synthase.
AID528553	Ratio of AUC in ICR/Swiss neutropenic mouse at static dose of 3.76 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs to MIC for Candida glabrata isolate 570	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 52, Issue:10	In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
AID531146	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans Sc5314 by CLSI method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
AID565354	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis 9453 after 24 hrs	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 53, Issue:12	Paradoxical growth of Candida dubliniensis does not preclude in vivo response to echinocandin therapy.
AID582572	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata isolate 41400 expressing wild type Fks1p and Fks2p D666G mutant by CLSI method in presence of 50% human serum	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
AID323341	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei ATCC 6258 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID519432	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus lentulus isolate CNM-CM-4415 obtained from sputum of patient after 48 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4	Aspergillus section Fumigati: antifungal susceptibility patterns and sequence-based identification.
AID544130	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans 2762 harboring FKS1 T1922C mutant gene and FKS1 hotspot1 F641S mutant gene by M27-A3 method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
AID522778	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis clinical isolate bloodstream form assessed as time required for 99.9% reduction in fungal growth at 1 mg/L by time-kill assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 54, Issue:5	In vitro fungicidal activities of echinocandins against Candida metapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. parapsilosis evaluated by time-kill studies.
AID323326	Antifungal activity against Candida dubliniensis Leic952 after 24 hrs by EUCAST test	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis respond differently to echinocandin antifungal agents in vitro.
AID535407	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 32746 expressing FKS1 F641S mutant after 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11	Pyrosequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 that confer reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans.
AID531542	Systemic clearance in analbuminemic Nagase rat plasma at 1 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose by high-performance liquid chromatography	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Role of plasma proteins in pharmacokinetics of micafungin, an antifungal antibiotic, in analbuminemic rats.
AID374500	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 24 hrs by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution method in presence of RPMI 1640 medium	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Effects of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins.
AID559657	Antifungal activity against Candida krusei EU123 bloodstream forms after 24 hrs by time-kill analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 53, Issue:7	In vitro activities of echinocandins against Candida krusei determined by three methods: MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration measurements and time-kill studies.
AID523394	Dose normalized clearance in iv dosed human infant by HPLC	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in neonates and young infants.
AID563470	Ratio of MIC for Candida albicans FP633 collected from peak serum sample on day 12 from patient with malignant lymphoma at 2.6 mg/kg in presence of human serum to Cmax for patient with malignant lymphoma at 2.6 mg/kg	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	Antifungal activity of micafungin in serum.
AID324331	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID546089	Drug concentration in healthy human epithelial lining fluid at 150 mg, iv TID measured after 24 hrs of third postdose by urea dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Bronchopulmonary disposition of micafungin in healthy adult volunteers.
AID324327	Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus MF5668	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6	Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
AID1455937	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger after 96 hrs by broth micro-dilution method	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029
AID432252	Antifungal activity against nongerminated Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as short, stubby and highly branched hyphae after 48 hrs by microscopy analysis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Comparative in vitro pharmacodynamics of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin against germinated and nongerminated Aspergillus conidia.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	3 (0.30)	18.2507
2000's	336 (33.67)	29.6817
2010's	542 (54.31)	24.3611
2020's	117 (11.72)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	85 (8.37%)	5.53%
Reviews	146 (14.38%)	6.00%
Case Studies	169 (16.65%)	4.05%
Observational	29 (2.86%)	0.25%
Other	586 (57.73%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
An Exploratory Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin as a Pre-emptive Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis Versus Placebo in High Risk Surgical Subjects - A Multicentre, Randomized, Double-blind Study [NCT01122368]	Phase 2	252 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-13	Completed
A Phase II Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Trial of Combination Antifungal Therapy (Voriconazole Plus Micafungin vs. Voriconazole Plus Placebo Equivalent) in the Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) in Patients With Hematological Cancer [NCT01207128]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Withdrawn(stopped due to None enrolled)
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multi-Center Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin Versus Amphotericin B Deoxycholate for the Treatment of Neonatal Candidiasis [NCT00815516]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to It was decided to discontinue the study due to insufficient recruitment.)
A Randomized Phase II, Multi-center, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial for Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin Versus Intravenous Itraconazole as Empirical Antifungal Therapy for Febrile Neutropenic Patients With Hematological Diseases [NCT01344681]	Phase 2	153 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Completed
Observational, Longitudinal, Prospective, French, Multicentre Study Conducted on Adult and Paediatric Patients Treated With Micafungin in Prophylaxis and Followed Over a 3 Months' Period in Routine Medical Practice [NCT02127788]		150 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-07-03	Completed
Multicenter Study to Compare Two Diagnostic Tests (1,3-β-D-glucan vs Blood Culture) in Critically Ill Patients With Suspected Invasive CAndidiasis Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Wards and Who Are Currently Timely Treated With Echinocandin (Micafungin) [NCT03906916]	Phase 4	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-18	Terminated(stopped due to The study was interrupted prematurely because of the low rate of recruitment.)
Micafungin (Mycamine®) Pharmacokinetics Given as a Single Intravenous Dose to Obese Patients (MICADO). [NCT03102658]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin in Patients of Intensive Care Units [NCT02164890]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin (Mycamin ®) as Antifungal Prophylaxis Given Twice Weekly Intravenously Compared to Micafungin Given Daily to Patients at Risk for Developing an Invasive Fungal Disease. [NCT02172768]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
Micafungin Anti-Fungal Prophylaxis in Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients: A Pharmacokinetic Study [NCT02057289]	Phase 1	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Terminated
Efficacy and Safety in Micafungin Sodium for Prophylaxis Against Invasive Fungal Disease During Neutropenia in Pediatric & Adolescent Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01135589]	Phase 4	145 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Recruiting
Micafungin Lock Therapy to Clear Fungemia While Attempting to Preserve Central Venous Catheters [NCT00809887]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Inability to enroll subjects)
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Two Treatment Regimens for Candidemia and/or Invasive Candidiasis: Intravenous Echinocandin Followed by Oral Ibrexafungerp Versus Intravenous Echinocandin Followed by Oral Fluconazole [NCT05178862]	Phase 3	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-03	Suspended(stopped due to During a review of manufacturing equipment and cleaning activities at a supplier that manufactured study drug for this study, SCYNEXIS was made aware of potential cross-contamination risk with a non-antibacterial beta-lactam drug substance.)
A Phase 1, Open-Label Study Of The Safety And Pharmacokinetics Of Repeated-Dose Micafungin (FK463) In Infants And Toddlers (≥4 Months TO < 24 Months Of Age) With Esophageal Candidiasis Or Other Invasive Candidiasis [NCT00607763]	Phase 1	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
A Retrospective Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin Sodium in the Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections [NCT02678598]		2,555 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-03-31	Completed
A Multi-center, Open-label, Non-comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin Against Invasive Aspergillosis (CFDA Commitment) [NCT02646774]	Phase 4	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-01	Terminated(stopped due to Due to administrative reasons)
A Multi-center, Open-label, Non-comparative Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Micafungin Against Fungal Infections Caused by Candida Spp or Aspergillus Spp [NCT02646800]	Phase 4	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-21	Terminated(stopped due to Due to administrative reasons)
Fluconazole Versus Micafungin in Neonates With Suspected or Culture-proven Candidiasis: a Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study (TINN Project - Treat Infections iN Neonates) [NCT02145832]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Not yet recruiting
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial of Micafungin Versus Fluconazole for the Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis [NCT00666185]	Phase 3	523 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-08-31	Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial of Two Dosing Regimens of Micafungin (FK463) Versus Caspofungin for the Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis [NCT00665639]	Phase 3	454 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
An Open-Label, Non-Comparative Study of FK463 for the Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis [NCT00036166]	Phase 2	326 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-01-29	Completed
A Phase 1 Open-Label Study of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Repeated-Dose Micafungin in Neonates [NCT00818584]	Phase 1	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
A Multi-center, Randomized, Open Label, Parallel Study to Evaluate and Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Mycamine® vs Itraconazole Oral Solution for Prophylaxis of Fungal Infections in Patients Undergoing a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant [NCT00794703]	Phase 3	288 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
Randomized, Open Label, Non-inferiority Study of Micafungin Versus Standard Care for the Prevention of Invasive Fungal Disease in High Risk Liver Transplant Recipients [NCT01058174]	Phase 3	350 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-15	Completed
Antifungal Prophylaxis With Micafungin After Cord Blood Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01888458]	Phase 2	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Evaluation of Serum Concentrations of Budesonide in Patients Treated for Gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease and the Potential Interaction With Fluconazole or Voriconazole [NCT01950507]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-20	Terminated(stopped due to Slow/Insufficient accrual)
Randomized, Open Label, Non-inferiority Study of Micafungin Versus Fluconazole for the Korean Prevention of Invasive Fungal Disease in Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients [NCT01974375]	Phase 3	172 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Recruiting
A Multi-center, Open-label, Non-comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin Against Invasive Candidiasis or Candidemia (CFDA Commitment) [NCT01982071]	Phase 4	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-26	Terminated(stopped due to Due to administrative reasons)
A Phase 1, Open-Label Study Of The Safety And Pharmacokinetics Of Repeated-Dose Micafungin (FK463) In Children (2-5 Years AND 6-11 Years) And Adolescents (12-16 Years) With Esophageal Candidiasis Or Other Invasive Candidiasis [NCT00608335]	Phase 1	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-14	Completed
A Randomized Open-Label Trial of Posaconazole Versus Micafungin for Prophylaxis Against Invasive Fungal Infections During Neutropenia in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrom [NCT01200355]	Phase 4	113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-09	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Comparative Study of MK0991 (Caspofungin) Versus Micafungin in Adult Japanese Patients With Deep-seated Candida or Aspergillus Infections [NCT00717860]	Phase 3	121 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
A Phase 1 Open-Label Study of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Repeated-Dose Micafungin as an Antifungal Prophylaxis in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant [NCT00606268]	Phase 1	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin During Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration [NCT02651038]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetic Study on Echinocandins for Patients With Septic Shock Following Secondary Peritonitis [NCT02805049]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-28	Completed
Efficacy and Safety in Micafungin Sodium for Prophylaxis Against Invasive Fungal Disease During Neutropenia in Pediatric & Adolescent Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01417169]	Phase 2	112 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Recruiting
Alternate Day Micafungin Anti-Fungal Prophylaxis in Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients: A Pharmacokinetic Study [NCT00842504]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
Micafungin Versus Placebo in the Nosocomial Sepsis in Patients Multi-colonized With Candida, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01773876]	Phase 3	260 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Open-Label, Randomized Study to Estimate Safety, PK, and Efficacy of Oral Ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) vs. Standard-of-Care Following IV Echinocandin Therapy in the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis in Hospitalized Nonneutropenic Adults [NCT02244606]	Phase 2	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Comparison of Candida Eradication and Serum Cidal Activity of Echinocandins in Patients With Presumptive Candidemia [NCT00839540]	Phase 4	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Study of Micafungin (FK463) Versus Caspofungin as Antifungal Treatment in Patients With Invasive Candidiasis or Candidemia [NCT00105144]	Phase 3	611 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Double Blind, Comparative, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin (FK463) Versus Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) in the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis and Candidemia [NCT00106288]	Phase 3	637 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-01-31	Completed
A Phase 2, Open-Label, Non-Comparative Trial of Micafungin (FK463) in Combination With Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) as First-Line Therapy in the Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis [NCT00047827]	Phase 2	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to Inadequate enrollment)
An Open-Label, Non-Comparative Study of FK463 in the Treatment of Candidemia or Invasive Candidiasis [NCT00036179]	Phase 2	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-02-27	Completed
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin in Children Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation [NCT01666769]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
A Single Center, Open, Parallel, Comparative, Randomized Study of Micafungin (FK463) vs Fluconazole (Diflucan) in the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis and Candidaemia (Protocol No: MCFGCAN-0301F-TW) [NCT00189709]	Phase 3	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-08-31	Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized,Double-Blind, Comparative Study of Micafungin (FK463) Versus Placebo as Preemptive Prophylactic Antifungal Therapy in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit [NCT00048750]	Phase 3	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Inadequate enrollment)
A Multicenter Cohort Study of the Short and Long-term Safety of Micafungin and Other Parenteral Antifungal Agents [NCT01686607]		40,110 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-10-01	Completed
A Randomized Comparative Study of Fluconazole Versus Micafungin for the Treatment of Candida Bloodstream Infection in Non-Neutropenic Patients [NCT00304772]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Subjects were not recruited as intended.)
Non-interventional Study on the Safety and Efficacy for Prevention and Treatment of Fungal Infections in Paediatric Patients in Asia/Oceania - ERADICATE Study [NCT03174457]		120 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2017-06-21	Completed
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Micafungin in Overweight, Obese, and Extremely Obese Volunteers [NCT01090141]	Phase 4	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin (Mycamine ®) Given Intravenously as Therapy to Patients With an Invasive Fungal Infection in the Intensive Care Unit - a Search for Co-variates [NCT01783379]		20 participants (Actual)	Observational	2013-01-31	Completed
To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Micafungin in Preventing Invasive Mycosis After Liver Transplantation [NCT04728971]	Phase 4	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-01	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Single-dose, Two-way Crossover Study to Evaluate Bioequivalence of Two Formulations of Micafungin (50 mg/Vial) After Intravenous Infusion of 50 mg Micafungin in Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting Conditions [NCT05496725]	Phase 4	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-06	Completed
Determination of Plasmatic and CSF Levels of High Doses of Micafungin in Neonates Suffering From Systemic Candidiasis and/or Candida Meningitis [NCT03421002]	Phase 2	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-30	Completed
Prospective, Observational and Cohort Clinical Research on Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Micafungin Sodium for Injection in Prevention and Treatment of Fungal Infection in Patients With Hematological Tumors [NCT04738955]	Phase 4	230 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Recruiting
A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Active Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Micafungin Salvage Mono-therapy Versus Active Control Intravenous Salvage Mono-therapy in Patients With Invasive Aspergillosis [NCT00376337]	Phase 2	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Study was stopped due to difficulties in recruitment and changes in standard care for invasive aspergillosis)
Phase II Trial of Micafungin Prophylaxis During Induction Chemotherapy for Patients With Acute Leukemia [NCT02440178]	Phase 2	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-19	Completed
Phase I Study of the Safety, Tolerance, and Pharmacokinetics of FK463 in Immunocompromised Children With Fever and Neutropenia [NCT00001790]	Phase 1	120 participants	Interventional	1998-10-31	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial of Voriconazole (VFEND®) Plus Micafungin (MYCAMINE™) Versus Voriconazole Plus Placebo in the Treatment of Patients With Proven or Probable Invasive Aspergillosis [NCT00423163]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Withdrawn(stopped due to An alternative joint industry effort will provide information on combination versus single agent therapy for treatment of aspergillosis)
Antimicrobial Revision in Patients With Persistent Febrile Neutropenia: A Prospective, Randomized Trial [NCT05784844]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial	Outcome
NCT00717860 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Significant Drug-related Adverse Experience
NCT00717860 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Specific Safety Finding
NCT00717860 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Favorable Overall Response at the End of Study Therapy
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Fungal-free Survival
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Fungal-free Survival at End of Study Drug Therapy in Infants With End-organ Dissemination
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Fungal-free Survival One Week After Last Dose of Study Drug in Infants With End-organ Dissemination
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Emergent Fungal Infections
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Recurrent Fungal Infections
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Time to Mycological Clearance of Invasive Candidiasis
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Time to Positive Clinical Response
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Clinical Response at the End of Study Drug Therapy
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Clinical Response One Week After Last Dose of Study Drug
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Follow-up Status for Infants With End-organ Assessments
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Mycological Response at End of Study Drug Therapy
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Mycological Response One Week After Last Dose of Study Drug
NCT00815516 (13) [back to overview]	Plasma Micafungin Concentration
NCT00839540 (1) [back to overview]	Serum Cidal Activity as Tested Against Various Candida Isolates and Reported as Ex-vivo Effect (Log Inhibition of Growth)
NCT01200355 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Failure
NCT01200355 (4) [back to overview]	To Compare Overall Survival Rates at 6 Weeks
NCT01200355 (4) [back to overview]	To Compare the Incidence of Possible, Probable or Proven Invasive Fungal Infections Between Patients Who Receive Posaconazole and Those Who Receive Micafungin During Treatment Phase
NCT01200355 (4) [back to overview]	To Compare the Number of Days on Study Drug Between Patients Who Receive Posaconazole and Patients Who Receive Micafungin.

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Caspofungin	3
Micafungin	6

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Drug-related adverse experience	Serious drug-related adverse experience	Discontinued by drug-related adverse experience
Caspofungin	23	0	3
Micafungin	25	2	6

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Esophageal candidiasis (n=6, n=6)	Invasive candidiasis (n=3, n=1)	Aspergillosis (n=30, n=33)
Caspofungin	6	3	14
Micafungin	5	1	14

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Micafungin	60.0
Amphotericin B	70.0

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Micafungin	42.9
Amphotericin B	33.3

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Micafungin	42.9
Amphotericin B	33.3

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Micafungin	5.0
Amphotericin B	0

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Micafungin	0
Amphotericin B	12.5

Intervention	days (Median)
Micafungin	6.0
Amphotericin B	3.0

Intervention	days (Median)
Micafungin	8.0
Amphotericin B	11.0

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Complete	Partial	Stable	Progression	Missing
Amphotericin B	70.0	0	10.0	20.0	0
Micafungin	55.6	5.6	5.6	16.7	16.7

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Complete	Partial	Stable	Progression	Missing
Amphotericin B	70.0	0	10.0	20.0	0
Micafungin	55.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	27.8

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Improved	Stable	Worsened	Not Assessed
Amphotericin B	33.3	0	66.7	0
Micafungin	57.1	14.3	14.3	14.3

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Eradication	Persistence	Not Assessed
Amphotericin B	80.0	20.0	0
Micafungin	55.0	10.0	35.0

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Continuing Eradication/Eradication	Persistence	Not Assessed
Amphotericin B	80.0	20.0	0
Micafungin	55.0	10.0	35.0

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
	Within 15 Minutes Post IV	4-8 Hours Post IV	15-24 Hours Post IV
Micafungin	25130.5	23751.7	14118.3

Intervention	Log inhibition (Number)
	C. albicans MIC: C, M 0.016 mg/L	C. glabrata MIC: C, M 0.06 mg/L	C. glabrata MIC: C, M 0.25 mg/L	C. albicans 119 FKS mutant MIC:C 1, M 0.16 mg/L	C. albicans 90 FKS mutant MIC: C 1, M 0.25 mg/L	C. albicans A-15 FKS mutant MIC: C 2, M0.5 mg/L	C. glabrata MIC: C 2, M 0.5 mg/L	C. albicans 117 FKS mutant MIC: C 8, M 0.83 mg/L
Log Inhibition of 100 mg/Day Micafungin on Candida Spp.	0.5	1.5	1	0.5	0.5	0	0	0
Log Inhibition of 200 mg/Day Micafungin on Candida Spp.	0	0.5	0.5	1.5	2	0	0	0
Log Inhibition of 50 mg/Day Caspofungin on Candida Spp.	3	3	0.5	0.5	0	0	0	0

Intervention	Days (Median)
Micafungin	16
Posaconazole	13

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Micafungin	7
Posaconazole	2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Micafungin	5
Posaconazole	3

Intervention	days (Median)
Micafungin	11
Posaconazole	12

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
adenine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.45	2	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	3.59	2	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
carnitine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.51	2	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.21	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.05	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	3.86	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
creatine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.05	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.05	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.05	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.41	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.05	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.05	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	3.59	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	3.92	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	2.05	1	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	3.59	2	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
taurine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	3.59	2	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.05	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan
b 844-39 [no description available]	3.51	1	0	diarylmethane
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.05	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.04	1	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenytoin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.04	1	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	3.86	3	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	3.86	3	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	3.86	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.59	2	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
alaproclate alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	3.23	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole [no description available]	3.59	2	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	3.86	3	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	3.23	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	3.86	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	3.58	2	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	3.58	2	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.04	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	3.23	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	3.86	3	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.	3.23	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	3.58	2	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	3.23	1	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.05	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.05	1	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	3.23	1	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	3.86	3	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	3.86	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	3.86	3	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	3.86	3	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.	3.23	1	0	dibenzooxazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.45	2	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole [no description available]	3.59	2	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.05	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.04	1	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	3.86	3	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	3.86	3	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	3.59	2	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
baclofen [no description available]	3.59	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.	3.59	2	0	indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	4.43	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
betaxolol [no description available]	3.58	2	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bevantolol bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.04	1	0	propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.05	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	3.58	2	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	3.86	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
bromopride bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	benzamides
bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.	2.05	1	0	N-acylurea; organobromine compound
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
buflomedil buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
bumetanide [no description available]	3.86	3	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin bunazosin: structure	2.04	1	0	quinazolines
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	3.59	2	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	3.86	3	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital	3.23	1	0	barbiturates
butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	analgesic; sedative
caffeine [no description available]	4.62	4	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
metrizoate Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	radioopaque medium
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	3.63	2	0	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.23	1	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	3.59	2	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbinoxamine carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.	3.23	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.45	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	2.05	1	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carvedilol [no description available]	3.86	3	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
celecoxib [no description available]	3.59	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	3.59	2	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
chloral hydrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	3.86	3	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	3.86	3	0	benzodiazepine
chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.86	3	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	3.86	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	4.07	4	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	3.86	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	3.58	2	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	3.59	2	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cifenline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
ciclopirox [no description available]	3.46	1	1	cyclic hydroxamic acid; hydroxypyridone antifungal drug; pyridone	antibacterial agent; antiseborrheic
cilostazol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	3.86	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.05	1	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	9.44	6	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	3.86	3	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	3.63	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene [no description available]	3.59	2	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	3.58	2	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	3.58	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	3.86	3	0	clonidine; imidazoline
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	3.58	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
clotrimazole [no description available]	3.59	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	3.23	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant; muscle relaxant; tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	3.59	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dapsone [no description available]	3.86	3	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	3.59	2	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	3.58	2	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	3.86	3	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	3.86	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	3.86	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	3.86	3	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	3.23	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	3.23	1	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	3.86	3	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	3.23	1	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	3.86	3	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	4.43	3	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	3.86	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram [no description available]	3.59	2	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	3.86	3	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	3.58	2	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	3.58	2	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	3.86	3	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.	3.23	1	0	pyridines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	3.58	2	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	3.23	1	0	phenols; quaternary ammonium ion	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	2.05	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.45	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.01	1	0
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.	3.59	2	0	triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	3.23	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.	3.23	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	3.23	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
etilefrine Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.	2.04	1	0	phenols
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810 [no description available]	3.59	2	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	3.86	3	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	4.43	3	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.	3.23	1	0	benzazepine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.04	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fenspiride fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma	2.04	1	0	azaspiro compound
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.45	2	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.	3.23	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level	3.23	1	0	benzodioxoles
flavoxate Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic ester; flavones; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	2.04	1	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	15.3	151	12	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	7.04	32	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	3.86	3	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	3.58	2	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	4.57	4	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.	3.23	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	3.59	2	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	3.59	2	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	3.58	2	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	4.62	4	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	3.58	2	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gemfibrozil [no description available]	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.11	1	0
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	3.59	2	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.05	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	3.58	2	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3.58	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.05	1	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	4.62	4	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzenes
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.05	1	0
granisetron [no description available]	3.58	2	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure	2.05	1	0	sesquiterpene
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	3.23	1	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	3.23	1	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	3.58	2	0	acetamides
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	3.23	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.05	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.05	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.05	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)	2.05	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.45	2	0	barbiturates
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	3.86	3	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	3.59	2	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	3.58	2	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	3.58	2	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	3.86	3	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	3.59	2	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	3.86	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	3.59	2	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	3.86	3	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug
idebenone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide [no description available]	3.86	3	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	3.86	3	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	3.86	3	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	3.59	2	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.45	2	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
ioversol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid [no description available]	3.59	2	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	3.86	3	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)	3.23	1	0	benzenes
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	4.11	4	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	3.86	3	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	3.59	2	0	alkylbenzene
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	3.86	3	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	5.96	19	0	piperazines
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	3.86	3	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	4.91	6	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	3.86	3	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	3.58	2	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.05	1	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	3.86	3	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	4.62	4	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.05	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	3.58	2	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	3.23	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
lomustine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	3.23	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	3.58	2	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	4.62	4	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.	3.23	1	0	dibenzooxazepine	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.05	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	isopropyl ester
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	3.58	2	0	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	3.23	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	3.23	1	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	3.59	2	0	diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.23	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.59	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.05	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mepenzolate mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	3.86	3	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	3.59	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	3.86	3	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	3.86	3	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	3.86	3	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.	3.23	1	0	phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	3.23	1	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	3.86	3	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	3.86	3	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.04	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.05	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	3.86	3	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	3.86	3	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	3.58	2	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	3.86	3	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	3.58	2	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.05	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	4.65	8	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	3.86	3	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
midodrine Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.	3.23	1	0	amino acid amide; aromatic ether; secondary alcohol	alpha-adrenergic agonist; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone [no description available]	3.58	2	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	3.59	2	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	3.86	3	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	3.59	2	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	3.86	3	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.04	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	3.59	2	0	monoterpenoid
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	2.04	1	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	3.59	2	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nadolol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetralins
nalidixic acid [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	3.58	2	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	2.04	1	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	3.86	3	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	3.59	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	4.42	3	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	4.62	4	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilutamide [no description available]	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	4.62	4	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	3.86	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	3.88	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	3.9	3	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nizatidine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	3.58	2	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.05	1	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	3.59	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	3.86	3	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	8.86	3	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	4.62	4	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	3.86	3	0	carbazoles
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	3.59	2	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.59	2	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	3.86	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	3.58	2	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.05	1	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.59	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
pamidronate [no description available]	3.58	2	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	4.62	4	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	3.58	2	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.	3.59	2	0	1,3-oxazoles	central nervous system stimulant
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	3.58	2	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.86	3	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	3.86	3	0	oxopurine
perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	3.23	1	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	3.86	3	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.45	2	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	3.86	3	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	2.05	1	0	phenols
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	3.59	2	0	aromatic amine
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.	3.23	1	0	primary amine	adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	3.58	2	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
polythiazide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine
duodote duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents	3.23	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	3.59	2	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	3.86	3	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	3.59	2	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.86	3	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.05	1	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	3.86	3	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	3.59	2	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.86	3	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	3.58	2	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	3.86	3	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	3.58	2	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.	3.23	1	0	xanthenes
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	3.86	3	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	3.86	3	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	3.23	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pyridostigmine [no description available]	3.58	2	0	pyridinium ion
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	3.86	3	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134 quazepam: structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	benzodiazepine
quetiapine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	dibenzothiazepine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	4.42	3	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.	3.23	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aralkylamine
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase	2.05	1	0	secondary carboxamide
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	3.59	2	0	benzothiazoles
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	3.23	1	0	alkylamine
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	3.86	3	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	3.58	2	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ropinirole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
salicylsalicylic acid salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.	3.23	1	0	benzoate ester; benzoic acids; phenols; salicylates	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.	3.23	1	0	barbiturates	anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.05	1	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	3.59	2	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	3.86	3	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	3.58	2	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	3.86	3	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
imatinib [no description available]	4.42	3	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	3.86	3	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	3.23	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	3.59	2	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.45	2	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.05	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	4.43	3	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	3.23	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	2.45	2	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.04	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	3.59	2	0	alkylbenzene
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	3.58	2	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.45	2	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.45	2	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	3.59	2	0	benzodiazepine
temozolomide [no description available]	3.86	3	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	3.58	2	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	3.86	3	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	3.86	3	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	4.43	3	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	3.58	2	0	aziridines
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	3.59	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	3.58	2	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	3.59	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	3.86	3	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3.59	2	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	3.86	3	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	3.86	3	0	amino acid
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	3.86	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	3.58	2	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	3.58	2	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
triclosan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	3.23	1	0	amine
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	3.59	2	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.	3.23	1	0	benzamides; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	3.86	3	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	3.58	2	0
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	3.58	2	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	3.59	2	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tyramine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.22	2	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urapidil [no description available]	2.04	1	0	piperazines
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	3.86	3	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
vigabatrin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide: structure given in first source	2.97	4	0
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	3.58	2	0	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	3.86	3	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.44	2	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
guanidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt	protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.	3.59	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	3.59	2	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	4.08	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.05	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	4.43	3	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2.45	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.59	2	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	3.59	2	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	2.05	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.05	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.	2.05	1	0
histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.	2.05	1	0
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	3.59	2	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	3.59	2	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.05	1	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	3.59	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	3.59	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
cysteine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cysteine zwitterion; cysteine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	3.86	3	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	3.59	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.	3.59	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.05	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nad [no description available]	2.05	1	0	NAD	geroprotector
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	4.09	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	3.59	2	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	3.59	2	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	7.02	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	3.86	3	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	3.59	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
vincristine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.05	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.45	2	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	3.86	3	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	3.59	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	3.59	2	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.45	2	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
uridine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	4.28	5	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	4.97	8	1	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.45	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.23	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.15	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	8.58	2	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.	3.23	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.	3.23	1	0	phenothiazines
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	3.23	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	3.23	1	0	calcium salt	chelator
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.05	1	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	3.59	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
Mebutamate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	3.86	3	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
mebanazine mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.23	1	0	benzenes
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	3.58	2	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	2.11	1	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.06	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	2.05	1	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	3.23	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	3.59	2	0	aromatic ketone
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	3.86	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	3.59	2	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	4.63	4	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
mestranol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	2.05	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	2.05	1	0
cordycepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.05	1	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	3.59	2	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	3.23	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.45	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.	3.23	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
methsuximide methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	3.23	1	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.05	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	2.05	1	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	4.07	4	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.23	1	0	organobromine compound; pyridines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	3.58	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	3.86	3	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	3.23	1	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
diethylpropion Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; tertiary amine	appetite depressant
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.03	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
synephrine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	2.21	1	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.03	1	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
benzonatate benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.	3.23	1	0	benzoate ester; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anaesthetic; antitussive
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.05	1	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	2.45	2	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.23	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.45	2	0	bromide salt
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.05	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.05	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.05	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	2.05	1	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	3.59	2	0	quinolines
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	2.04	1	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.05	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	3.58	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	3.58	2	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.05	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.47	2	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.03	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
1,3-benzodioxole 1,3-benzodioxole : A benzodioxole consisting of a benzene ring substituted by a the methylenedioxy group.	3.51	1	0	benzodioxole
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.44	2	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	5.13	8	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.05	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	3.59	2	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.	2.04	1	0	nitrile
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	3.59	2	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	3.86	3	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	2.05	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	3.58	2	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.59	2	0	steroid ester
bucladesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester	agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.45	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	3.86	3	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ketobemidone ketobemidone: structure	2.04	1	0	piperidines
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.92	3	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	4.66	8	0
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.05	1	0	phthalazines
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	2.05	1	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.15	1	0	phenols	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.23	1	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.06	1	0
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	3.59	2	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.05	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.45	2	0	thiazoles
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	3.86	3	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
levocarnitine (R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.	3.23	1	0	carnitine	antilipemic drug; nootropic agent; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; water-soluble vitamin (role)
sulfanilylurea sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure	3.23	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.79	3	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.05	1	0
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.04	1	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	2.53	2	0	bis(azo) compound
lactulose [no description available]	3.59	2	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
pamabrom [no description available]	3.23	1	0
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	3.86	3	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
glycochenodeoxycholic acid Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.	2.41	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
erythromycin stearate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	3.86	3	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	3.58	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
lormetazepam lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	sedative
vinblastine [no description available]	2.45	2	0
diphenoxylate Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.	3.23	1	0	ethyl ester; nitrile; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amine	antidiarrhoeal drug
estradiol valerate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	3.91	3	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	4.46	6	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.59	2	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
ibufenac ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
metaxalone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	3.58	2	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	3.86	3	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	3.59	2	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	3.59	2	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
dexbrompheniramine dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.23	1	0	brompheniramine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
acadesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
chlordesmethyldiazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	3.86	3	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.45	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	3.58	2	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
iproclozide iproclozide: structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	3.23	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
streptomycin [no description available]	4.11	4	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
cladribine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	3.58	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline	antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug
benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
clomacran clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.23	1	0	acridines
beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	3.59	2	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
methenamine hippurate methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action	3.23	1	0	N-acylglycine
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	3.58	2	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
tiadenol tiadenol: structure	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide
terodiline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	7.21	1	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.45	2	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
metocurine iodide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	3.23	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.25	1	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.05	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	3.86	3	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.05	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	3.23	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptathiophene	histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	3.58	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.45	2	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	3.59	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
fenclozic acid fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	3.23	1	0
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane [no description available]	3.23	1	0
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	3.89	3	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.	3.23	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
alclofenac alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.05	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.59	2	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	indoles
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.05	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	3.23	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.59	2	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.05	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.05	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	3.23	1	0	chlorphenamine
ribostamycin Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; metabolite
clometacin clometacin: structure	3.23	1	0	N-acylindole
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	3.86	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	3.86	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	3.86	3	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.04	1	0	tryptamines
nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	3.59	2	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
carbidopa carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	3.23	1	0	catechols; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines	anti-arrhythmia drug
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	3.59	2	0	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	3.86	3	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure	3.59	2	0	pyrroline
sisomicin Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic; beta-L-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.	2.04	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	7.78	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.86	3	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	3.86	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	3.59	2	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
trimazosin trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.	3.23	1	0	ethanolamines
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	3.86	3	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.	2.04	1	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; sedative
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	3.86	3	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
tolamolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	3.58	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	3.86	3	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.	2.04	1	0	penicillin
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.45	2	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	3.86	3	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; androstane; quaternary ammonium ion	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	3.59	2	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
exifone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzophenones
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	2.05	1	0	pyridone	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	4.22	2	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	2.04	1	0	azepanes
muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	3.23	1	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	3.58	2	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
acarbose [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	3.58	2	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
medroxalol medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	salicylamides
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	3.86	3	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
lorcainide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetamides
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	4.62	4	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	2.03	1	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ceforanide ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	3.86	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	3.86	3	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	3.86	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	3.58	2	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.05	1	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
endralazine BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	benzamides
pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	3.23	1	0	diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.86	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	2.45	2	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
fialuridine [no description available]	3.23	1	0
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.59	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	3.58	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.	3.59	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	3.86	3	0
recainam recainam: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	3.86	3	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ketone
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	3.59	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2.04	1	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.04	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.	3.23	1	0
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	3.86	3	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	3.23	1	0	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	3.58	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	3.59	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
alpidem [no description available]	3.23	1	0	imidazoles
gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	3.59	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	12.1	61	4	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
trospectomycin trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer	2.04	1	0	dioxanes
fosphenytoin fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source	3.23	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	3.23	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	3.58	2	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
sematilide sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	3.58	2	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	2.04	1	0	quinolines
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	3.58	2	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
aromasil [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
zileuton [no description available]	3.59	2	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	3.59	2	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	3.86	3	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	3.58	2	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.04	1	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	3.58	2	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	3.86	3	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	3.58	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	3.58	2	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	3.58	2	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	3.58	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
atorvastatin [no description available]	4.43	3	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	duloxetine
irinotecan [no description available]	3.86	3	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	3.86	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.58	2	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	3.58	2	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.04	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	3.58	2	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	3.23	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	biphenyls
tiludronic acid tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	organochlorine compound
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	3.58	2	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	4.37	3	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
cisatracurium cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R,2'R)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinazolines
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	2.04	1	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne	2.05	1	0
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	3.58	2	0
cefprozil [no description available]	3.86	3	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.43	3	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	4.43	3	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
doxapram hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	central nervous system stimulant
fenofibric acid fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid	drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	2.05	1	0	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	3.23	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	4.43	3	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	3.23	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.47	2	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.05	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.04	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
histamine phosphate histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.	3.23	1	0	phosphate salt	histamine agonist
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	2.86	3	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
imipramine n-oxide imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organohalogen compound; quinolines
bendamustine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	benzimidazoles
erdosteine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.	3.23	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; pyridines	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug
ebrotidine ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide
mizolastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
dexloxiglumide dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.45	2	0	pyridoindole
repaglinide [no description available]	3.58	2	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	4.62	4	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.45	2	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	14	112	6	1,2,3-triazole
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate	antineoplastic agent; estrogen
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	2.05	1	0	imidazoles
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	8.92	3	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
cefcanel cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	3.58	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
epristeride epristeride: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	steroid acid
talinolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	ureas
dienogest [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone	progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index	2.05	1	0	morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide
denaverine denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	3.57	2	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
isaxonine isaxonine: promotes nerve growth	3.23	1	0	aminopyrimidine
diprafenone diprafenone: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic compound
nebivolol 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.	3.58	2	0	chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
uk 68798 [no description available]	3.58	2	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.04	1	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
hp 873 iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; monoamine; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	3.86	3	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
fenoxypropazine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	13.8	142	5	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
betamipron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.04	1	0	benzofurans
aceclofenac [no description available]	3.23	1	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nitrefazole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	imidazoles
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
eberconazole eberconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-eberconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) for topical treatment of superficial mycoses.. 1-(2,4-dichloro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl)imidazole : A member of the class of dibenzannulenes that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[a,d][7]annulene carrying two chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4 as well as an imidazol-1-yl substituent at position 5.	2.04	1	0	dibenzannulene; imidazoles; organochlorine compound
cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	bile therapy drug
terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	isoflavones
clevudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
9-aminocamptothecin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343 Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0
squalamine squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	bile acid
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.05	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.	3.23	1	0	carbapenems
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.57	2	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	4.42	3	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
rivastigmine [no description available]	3.58	2	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan [no description available]	3.58	2	0	carbazoles
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	3.58	2	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	3.86	3	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
bexarotene [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	4.07	4	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.45	2	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
moexipril [no description available]	3.23	1	0	peptide
mci 9038 [no description available]	3.58	2	0	peptide
lopinavir [no description available]	3.63	2	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.08	1	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	3.23	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.79	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
sr141716 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	3.86	3	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine	plant metabolite
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	3.59	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
asulacrine asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	acridines
hydroxycotinine hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	2.05	1	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
quinaprilat quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
2-hydroxyimipramine 2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
hydroxyitraconazole hydroxyitraconazole: a hydroxylated metabolite of itraconazole; likely contributes importantly to the in vivo activity attributed to itraconazole	2.13	1	0
tadalafil [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
paliperidone 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine; secondary alcohol
nitisinone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine [no description available]	4.08	4	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	3.23	1	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
valdecoxib [no description available]	3.23	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	3.58	2	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib [no description available]	4.62	4	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.	3.23	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist
garenoxacin garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; isoindoles; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
desvenlafaxine O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.	3.23	1	0	cyclohexanols; phenols; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	2.02	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	3.86	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
tamsulosin [no description available]	3.58	2	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
rufinamide rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
sulbactam [no description available]	2.45	2	0	penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	3.59	2	0	biphenyls
dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid	3.23	1	0	amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide	cholinergic drug; provitamin
fosamprenavir fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide	prodrug
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.	4.22	2	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol (R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.	2.04	1	0	2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
escitalopram Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.	3.23	1	0	1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile	antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pteridines; terminal acetylenic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.23	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
irofulven irofulven: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	cyclohexenones
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	4.43	3	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	9.71	8	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	3.59	2	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	3.58	2	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
dx 8951 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189 lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.	3.23	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast [no description available]	2.04	1	0	methoxybenzenes
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	3.58	2	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.45	2	0
sabarubicin sabarubicin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
pralnacasan pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source	3.23	1	0
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	3.58	2	0	dihydropyridine
jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
solifenacin [no description available]	3.58	2	0	isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.	3.23	1	0	methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate	adrenergic agent
xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.	2.04	1	0	morpholines
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	3.59	2	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
lubiprostone [no description available]	3.23	1	0
telbivudine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.05	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
abanoquil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	3.59	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	13.52	168	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.	3.23	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	3.57	2	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.05	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fiduxosin fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source	3.23	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	3.86	3	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.04	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
erlotinib [no description available]	4.22	2	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
melagatran [no description available]	2.04	1	0	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
6-amino-2-n-pentylthiobenzothiazole 6-amino-2-n-pentylthiobenzothiazole: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
etravirine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
dronedarone Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	3.23	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tesaglitazar tesaglitazar: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
ramelteon ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist	3.23	1	0	indanes
lapatinib [no description available]	4.22	2	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
albaconazole albaconazole: UR-9825 is the (1R,2R)-isomer; structure in first source	2.44	2	0
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	8.88	3	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
fosfluconazole fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole	5.45	4	1	conazole antifungal drug; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	prodrug
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.59	2	0	benzodioxoles
tolvaptan [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib [no description available]	4.22	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
solifenacin succinate Solifenacin Succinate: A quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE.	2.03	1	0	isoquinolines
regadenoson [no description available]	3.23	1	0	purine nucleoside
lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	7.43	7	1	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
vincaleukoblastine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.03	1	0
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure	3.59	2	0	1-benzofurans
nsc-89199 estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid phosphate
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	3.59	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	2.03	1	0
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
bortezomib [no description available]	4.08	4	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
tryptoquivaline fumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter.	3.51	1	0	aromatic ether; indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor; mycotoxin
nexavar [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organosulfonate salt
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	2.05	1	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	11.28	33	2
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
laminaran beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.	6.63	12	0
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	3.23	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	3.86	3	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	5.98	7	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	3.59	2	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	3.58	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.45	2	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	4.62	4	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	3.58	2	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.42	3	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	2.45	2	0
trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.	2.05	1	0
miglitol [no description available]	3.58	2	0	piperidines
metyrosine alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.	3.23	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative	enzyme inhibitor
linezolid [no description available]	4.33	5	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
6-prenylchrysin 6-prenylchrysin: structure in first source. 6-(3,3-dimethylallyl)chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone that is chrysin substituted by a prenyl group at position 6.	3.51	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
clindamycin phosphate [no description available]	3.23	1	0
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	3.23	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
tolterodine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	anthracycline
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	3.85	3	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester; thioester	adrenergic agent; anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; dermatologic drug
acarbose [no description available]	2.45	2	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
ergosterol [no description available]	3.27	5	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.59	2	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	7.86	3	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.25	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	3.59	2	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.05	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.	2.05	1	0	docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.05	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	7.94	15	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	3.86	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.45	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	2.05	1	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.59	2	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	4.09	4	0
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	3.86	3	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	3.86	3	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma	2.05	1	0
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
bms 214662 7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; benzodiazepine; imidazoles; nitrile; sulfonamide; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
eptifibatide [no description available]	3.58	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.05	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
decitabine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668 Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive	2.04	1	0
teniposide [no description available]	3.86	3	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate derivative; nucleobase-containing molecular entity
ketoconazole (2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.	3.51	1	0	cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
nikkomycin nikkomycin Z : A uridine-based nucleoside-peptide antibiotic which inhibits fungal chitin biosynthesis by inhibiting chitin synthase.	8.86	3	0	nikkomycin	antifungal agent
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	3.59	2	0	actinomycin	mutagen
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	3.86	3	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	3.86	3	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ravuconazole ER 30346: structure in first source. ravuconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in which the butyl group is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 3 by hydroxy, 2,4-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively (the R,R stereoisomer). It exhibits antifungal activity by inhibition of 14alpha demethylase, an enzyme involved in sterol synthesis, resulting in lysis of the fungal cell wall and fungal cell death. (NCIO4)	5	12	0	1,3-thiazoles; fluorobenzenes; nitrile; tertiary alcohol; triazoles	antifungal drug; antileishmanial agent; EC 1.14.14.154 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor
posaconazole [no description available]	11.72	53	3	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
l 743,872 [no description available]	17.33	209	11
dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.	2.04	1	0	kanamycins	antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
fr 901469 FR 901469: an antifungal antibiotic from an unidentified fungus No.11243; structure in first source	3.11	1	0
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	3.59	2	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	3.59	2	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.	3.23	1	0	arsenic oxide	antineoplastic agent; insecticide
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
sr 90107 fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.	3.23	1	0
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
meglumine iodipamide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organoammonium salt	radioopaque medium
glycosides [no description available]	3.97	2	1
thyrotropin-releasing hormone PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.	3.23	1	0	peptide hormone; tripeptide	human metabolite
discodermolide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diterpenoid
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	3.23	1	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
s 1033 [no description available]	4.22	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	3.86	3	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.	2.05	1	0	pyridines
chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.	3.51	1	0	chlorprothixene
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	3.86	3	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	3.86	3	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
pyrantel Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.	3.23	1	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; thiophenes	antinematodal drug
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
thiothixene [no description available]	3.23	1	0	N-methylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.	3.23	1	0	zopiclone	central nervous system depressant; sedative
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	3.51	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	3.86	3	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.05	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
terbinafine [no description available]	5.45	11	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	3.59	2	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
safranine t safranin O : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.	3.23	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid	chelator
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	3.86	3	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
streptozocin [no description available]	3.59	2	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	3.59	2	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	3.59	2	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
cancidas [no description available]	7.09	43	0
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	3.63	2	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	3.58	2	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.04	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	3.23	1	0	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
aplaviroc aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source	3.23	1	0
hmr 3647 [no description available]	3.86	3	0
maraviroc [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tropane alkaloid
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
telaprevir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	3.58	2	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	3.23	1	0	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
droloxifene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
dolasetron [no description available]	3.58	2	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.45	2	0	steroid	estrogen
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	3.59	2	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
quinine [no description available]	3.58	2	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
n,n-dimethylpradimicin fa-2 N,N-dimethylpradimicin FA-2: pradimicin A derivative; structure given in first source	3.35	1	0
isepamicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative	2.04	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass	2.04	1	0	N-acylglycine
fospropofol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
rasagiline [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	4.22	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	3.63	2	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.	2.04	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
fusafungin fusafungin: antibiotic from Fusarium lateririum; for treatment of respiratory infections. enniatin : A class of six-membered cyclodepsipeptides found in several species of Fusarium fungi as mixtures.	3.31	1	0
silybin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
galactomannan galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.	9.97	8	1	oligosaccharide
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	3.58	2	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
flosequinan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinolines
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	3.86	3	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
sq 109 N-geranyl-N'-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine: has antitubercular activity	3.51	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	3.85	3	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.05	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	3.51	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	3.59	2	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.05	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
alprostadil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	3.23	1	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	2.05	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	16.67	206	10	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	2.45	2	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	3.86	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.	3.59	2	0
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	3.58	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	3.86	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	3.58	2	0	isoquinolines
hemabate carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.	3.23	1	0
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.59	2	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	3.86	3	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	3.58	2	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.05	1	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
diosmin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.05	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.45	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
l 660,711 [no description available]	3.51	1	0	quinolines
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	2.05	1	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
tectochrysin tectochrysin: structure in first source. tectochrysin : A monohydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively.	3.51	1	0	monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	antidiarrhoeal drug; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.05	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid	antibacterial drug
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.05	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	3.59	2	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	2.05	1	0
epoprostenol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	prostaglandins I	mouse metabolite
indocyanine green [no description available]	3.58	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
s 1108 S 1108: structure given in first source; an oral cephem antibiotic and prodrug of S-1006	2.21	1	0
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.05	1	0	cinnamic acids
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	3.23	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	3.59	2	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
ethamolin monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma	3.23	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available]	3.59	2	0
codeine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	4.62	4	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
natamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	3.59	2	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
dothiepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dothiepin
estropipate estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients	3.23	1	0	piperazinium salt; steroid sulfate
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	3.58	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	3.59	2	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	3.23	1	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
nabilone nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.23	1	0
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	2.05	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	3.86	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	3.58	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	3.59	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	3.23	1	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	4.81	5	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	3.59	2	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	3.23	1	0
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
topiroxostat FYX-051: xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor	3.51	1	0
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	3.86	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available]	2.05	1	0
benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.	3.23	1	0	amphetamines; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	3.58	2	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.45	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	3.58	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3.58	2	0	phenylalanine derivative
vinorelbine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
silodosin silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	indolecarboxamide
furazolidone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
bosutinib 4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	3.51	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; N-methylpiperazine; nitrile; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	2.05	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	4.22	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
romidepsin depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.	2.04	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; heterocyclic antibiotic; organic disulfide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	3.86	3	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
molsidomine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	3.23	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	3.86	3	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	3.59	2	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	3.58	2	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefodizime cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	phenanthrenes
cefixime [no description available]	3.86	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	3.86	3	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	3.23	1	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	3.59	2	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
verteporfin (2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.	3.23	1	0
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	3.86	3	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)	3.23	1	0	styrenes
3,3',4,5'-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene (E)-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene: from the leaves of Eugenia rigida; structure in first source	3.51	1	0
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	3.59	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.05	1	0
trientine hydrochloride [no description available]	3.23	1	0
n-methylscopolamine bromide scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.	3.23	1	0
bleomycin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	3.86	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan 1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan: structure given in first source	2.53	2	0
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.	3.59	2	0	amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor
pradimicin a pradimicin A: from actinomycete strain No. P157-2; has inhibitory effect against HIV in vitro; structure given in first source. pradimicin A : A member of the class of pradimicins that is isolated from the cultured broth of Actinomadura hibisca No. P157-2 (ATCC 53557).	3.35	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic acid; disaccharide derivative; L-alanine derivative; p-quinones; polyphenol; pradimicin; secondary alcohol
cefuroxime [no description available]	3.58	2	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	3.86	3	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.87	3	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
hr 810 cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine
pafuramidine pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine	3.23	1	0
ceftazidime [no description available]	3.58	2	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.59	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	3.23	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
cefetamet cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain	3.23	1	0	peptide
aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene	antihypertensive agent
guanabenz acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene	geroprotector
famotidine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	3.86	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	3.86	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.	2.46	2	0
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	3.63	2	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
monorden monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II	3.61	2	0	cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cefpodoxime [no description available]	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	3.58	2	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
cefatrizine Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; phenols; semisynthetic derivative; triazoles	antibacterial drug; EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
eniporide eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
cilastatin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
rifaximin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterohexacyclic compound; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative	antimicrobial agent; gastrointestinal drug; orphan drug
bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	2.01	1	0
n(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid N(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid: inhibits glucosamine synthetase in E coli; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S-(E)-isomer). N(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the terminal amino group of 3-amino-L-alanine with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid.	3.35	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; monocarboxylic acid amide	metabolite
everolimus [no description available]	3.57	2	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
ixabepilone [no description available]	3.86	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
rilpivirine [no description available]	3.51	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nitrile	EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
r-120758 R-120758: structure in first source	3.11	1	0
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.04	1	0
ceftizoxime [no description available]	3.58	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.	2.04	1	0	monobactam	antibacterial drug
dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.	2.05	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	3.86	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.05	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
eritoran eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.	2.04	1	0	lipid As
dantrolene [no description available]	3.58	2	0
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.05	1	0	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cefdinir [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; ketoxime	antibacterial drug
etonogestrel [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.04	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.05	1	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
lanreotide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
dexniguldipine niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
cilofungin cilofungin: a cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin; a modified form of Echinocandin B; antimycotic agent against Candida albicans. cilofungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic isolated from Aspergillus spp. By inhibiting the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, it invades a fungus' ability to synthesize cell walls. A modified form of echinocandin B, it is an antimycotic agent against Candida albicans.	5.46	2	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
3'-hydroxybenanomicin a 3'-hydroxybenanomicin A: structure given in first source; derived from PRM FA-2	3.35	1	0
napsagatran napsagatran: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
temsirolimus [no description available]	3.58	2	0	macrolide lactam
dutasteride Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
isavuconazole isavuconazole : A 1,3-thiazole that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.	6.08	14	0	1,3-thiazoles; conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; nitrile; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor; orphan drug
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension	3.59	2	0	diarylmethane
bms188797 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bibx 1382bs BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001	3.23	1	0	substituted aniline
fesoterodine fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
bay 44-4400 Bay 44-4400: a semisynthetic derivative of anthelminitic cyclodepsipeptide; PF1022A. emodepside : A cyclooctadepsipeptide consisting of D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, and N-methyl-L-leucyl residues joined in sequence to give a 24-membered macrocycle. An anthelmintic, it is used with praziquantel for the treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm and tapeworm infections in cats.	3.31	1	0	cyclooctadepsipeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antinematodal drug
acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.	2.05	1	0	O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.13	1	0	ammonium ion derivative
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.08	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.53	2	0
azimilide azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	3.23	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.	3.23	1	0	benzimidazoles; sulfoxide
fosinopril [no description available]	3.59	2	0
armodafinil armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.	3.23	1	0	2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide	central nervous system stimulant; eugeroic
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor	2.05	1	0
tomopenem [no description available]	2.04	1	0
timcodar timcodar: a mutlidrug resistance inhibitor; structure in first source	3.51	1	0
nikkomycin [no description available]	3.15	5	0
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	3.23	1	0	oligopeptide
tapentadol Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
etomoxir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
bb-83698 BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor	2.04	1	0
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	3.59	2	0	organic molecular entity
cefditoren cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
zotarolimus zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	lactam; macrolide
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	2.45	2	0
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
tivozanib N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea: KNR-951 is the HCl, monohydrate salt; an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	3.51	1	0	aromatic ether
yw 3548 YW 3548: inhibits glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis; structure in first source. YW3548 : A terpene lactone that is obtained from Codinea simplex and acts as an inhibitor of glycerophosphoinositol biosynthesis.	3.35	1	0	olefinic compound; terpene lactone; tertiary alcohol	fungal metabolite; glycerophosphoinositol synthesis inhibitor
pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.	3.23	1	0	aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
prasugrel hydrochloride Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.	3.23	1	0
ko 143 [no description available]	3.51	1	0	beta-carbolines; tert-butyl ester
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
baci-im [no description available]	3.59	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent
r-106 [no description available]	3.11	1	0
regorafenib [no description available]	3.51	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; hepatotoxic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tedizolid DA 7157: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. tedizolid : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a 2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl group at position 2 and by a 2-fluoro-4-[(5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl group at position 5. It is used as its phosphate pro-drug used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.	2.41	1	0	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; pyridines; tetrazoles	antimicrobial agent; drug metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
bms 477118 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	adamantanes; azabicycloalkane; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; tertiary alcohol	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	3.66	2	0	nystatins
milnacipran [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetamides
vindesine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
fostamatinib fostamatinib: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor, metabolized to R406	3.51	1	0
aminocandin aminocandin: a lipopeptide belonging to the echinocandin class of antifungal compounds; inhibits glucan synthase. aminocandin : A member of the family of echinocandins that shows broad-spectrum in vitro activity against Aspergillus and Candida spp.	7.05	1	0	aromatic ether; echinocandin; homodetic cyclic peptide	antiinfective agent
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	3.58	2	0
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
bisaramil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bivalirudin bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.	3.23	1	0	polypeptide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
teicoplanin teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.	2.04	1	0
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.05	1	0	tannin
enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.	3.23	1	0
ganirelix [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
teriparatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
salmon calcitonin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone; polypeptide	bone density conservation agent; metabolite
ly-146032 [no description available]	3.58	2	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate acid derivative; glycopeptide; monosaccharide derivative; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
ziconotide ziconotide: amino acid sequence in first source; from venom of South Pacific sea cone snail, Conus magus; calcium channel blocker; administered by injection into Cerebrospinal Fluid; Prialt is synthetic form. omega-conotoxin MVIIA : A heterodetic cyclic polypeptide consisting of the linear sequence Cys-Lys-Gly-Lys-Gly-Ala-Lys-Cys-Ser-Arg-Leu-Met-Tyr-Asp-Cys-Cys-Thr-Gly-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-NH2 with three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 1-16, 8-20 and 15-25. A neuronal N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker in mammalian and amphibian brain, it blocks release of GABA and glutamate at neuronal synapses. Used as a probe for calcium channel receptors, it is selective for different receptor subtypes. A synthetic form, named ziconotide, is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain.	2.03	1	0
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
exenatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
3-(3-(4-((pyridin-2-yloxy)methyl)benzyl)isoxazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-amine APX001A: has antifungal activity; structure in first source	3.62	2	0
cilastatin, imipenem drug combination Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination: Combination of imipenem and cilastatin that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections; cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to prolong the half-life and increase the tissue penetration of imipenem, enhancing its efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent.	2.53	2	0
glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate sulfoglycochenodeoxycholic acid : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-O-sulfo derivative of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.	2.41	1	0	7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid glycine conjugate; steroid sulfate	metabolite
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	3.59	2	0	organosulfonic acid
cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic)
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	3.23	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
monensin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
sodium iothalamate [no description available]	3.23	1	0
oxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
amphotericin b, deoxycholate drug combination [no description available]	7.43	7	1
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.21	1	0
gdc 0449 HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity	3.51	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; SMO receptor antagonist; teratogenic agent
ponatinib [no description available]	3.51	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; acetylenic compound; benzamides; imidazopyridazine; N-methylpiperazine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	3.58	2	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
mannans [no description available]	4.97	8	1
cobicistat [no description available]	3.51	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; ureas	P450 inhibitor
enfumafungin enfumafungin: from endophytic Hormonema species; structure in first source. enfumafungin : A triterpene glycoside and hemiacetal isolated from a fermentation of Hormonema sp. and which specifically inhibits glucan synthesis in fungal cells.	3.35	1	0	lactol; monosaccharide derivative; triterpenoid saponin	antifungal agent
fr 901379 FR 901379: a water- soluble Echinocandin compound; structure in first source	4.78	5	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.03	1	0
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.59	2	0
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	2.03	1	0
mk-3118 ibrexafungerp: a glucan synthase inhibitor with antifungal activity; structure in first source	3.97	2	1
alectinib [no description available]	3.51	1	0	aromatic ketone; morpholines; nitrile; organic heterotetracyclic compound; piperidines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.59	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
raltegravir [no description available]	3.23	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; dicarboxylic acid amide; hydroxypyrimidine; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidone; secondary carboxamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	3.63	2	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	3.86	3	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.45	2	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	3.86	3	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	5.64	5	1
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	3.59	2	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex roquinimex: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
spa s 843 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	3.86	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.45	2	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.04	1	0	benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	3.86	3	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	3.58	2	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.45	2	0
tigecycline [no description available]	3.91	3	0
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
almagate pegaptanib: a 28-base ribonucleic acid aptamer covalently linked to two branched 20-kD polyethylene glycol moieties to block the activity of extracellular VEGF, specifically the 165-amino-acid isoform (VEGF165); for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration	2.03	1	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fertinex [no description available]	3.23	1	0
daptomycin [no description available]	7.41	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	4.35	4	1
echinocandin b echinocandin B: a cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic isolated from Aspergillus nidulans var. echinulatus with specific anti-yeast activity; inhibits beta-1,3-glucan synthesis. echinocandin B : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic isolated from Aspergillus nidulans var. echinulatus with specific anti-yeast activity.	7.31	8	1
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	3.85	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
chir 258 [no description available]	3.51	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	3.86	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
guanosine diphosphate mannose Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis.. GDP-D-mannose : A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.. GDP-alpha-D-mannose : The alpha-anomer of GDP-D-mannose.	2.17	1	0	GDP-D-mannose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
guanine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	3.59	2	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	5	6	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	3.86	3	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	3.86	3	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	3.86	3	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	3.86	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.	3.23	1	0	L-valyl ester	antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	3.86	3	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	3.59	2	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.45	2	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
raltitrexed [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.	3.58	2	0	imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	3.86	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
citrovorum factor [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	3.86	3	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
rifapentine rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin	3.23	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-iminopiperazine; rifamycins	antitubercular agent; leprostatic drug
alanosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
bl 4162a anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.	3.23	1	0	imidazoquinazoline	anticoagulant; antifibrinolytic drug; cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	3.58	2	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
valganciclovir Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.	3.23	1	0	L-valyl ester; purines	antiviral drug; prodrug
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	3.58	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; phosphoramide; triazoles	antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; prodrug
ceftobiprole ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; thiadiazoles	antimicrobial agent
rifabutin [no description available]	3.86	3	0
amg531 [no description available]	3.51	1	0
levomefolate calcium levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.	3.23	1	0	organic calcium salt	antidepressant
eye [no description available]	2.04	1	0
dactinomycin cefozopran: RN given refers to the (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 10/91. cefozopran : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.21	1	0

micafungin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (32)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (14)

Molecular Functions (14)

Ceullar Components (7)

Bioassays (1429)

Research

Studies (998)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 70.45

Study Types

Clinical Trials (60)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants With a Significant Drug-related Adverse Experience

Number of Participants With a Specific Safety Finding

Number of Participants With Favorable Overall Response at the End of Study Therapy

Fungal-free Survival

Fungal-free Survival at End of Study Drug Therapy in Infants With End-organ Dissemination

Fungal-free Survival One Week After Last Dose of Study Drug in Infants With End-organ Dissemination

Percentage of Participants With Emergent Fungal Infections

Percentage of Participants With Recurrent Fungal Infections

Time to Mycological Clearance of Invasive Candidiasis

Time to Positive Clinical Response

Clinical Response at the End of Study Drug Therapy

Clinical Response One Week After Last Dose of Study Drug

Follow-up Status for Infants With End-organ Assessments

Mycological Response at End of Study Drug Therapy

Mycological Response One Week After Last Dose of Study Drug

Plasma Micafungin Concentration

Serum Cidal Activity as Tested Against Various Candida Isolates and Reported as Ex-vivo Effect (Log Inhibition of Growth)

Time to Failure

To Compare Overall Survival Rates at 6 Weeks

To Compare the Incidence of Possible, Probable or Proven Invasive Fungal Infections Between Patients Who Receive Posaconazole and Those Who Receive Micafungin During Treatment Phase

To Compare the Number of Days on Study Drug Between Patients Who Receive Posaconazole and Patients Who Receive Micafungin.

Related Drugs (1,610)

Related Conditions (470)