The element or compound in a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction that donates an electron to another species.
ChEBI ID: 63247
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| dithioerythritol | The meso-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; a sulfur-containing sugar derived from the monosaccharide erythrose; and an epimer of dithiothreitol. | dithioerythritol |
| dithiothreitol | The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; 1,4-dithiothreitol |
| ferrous sulfate | A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC. | iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) |
| sodium bisulfite | An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion. | sodium hydrogensulfite |
| sodium selenide | An inorganic sodium salt having selenide as the counterion. | sodium selenide |
| sodium sulfite | An inorganic sodium salt having sulfite as the counterion. | sodium sulfite |
| thioglycerol | A thiol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups is replaced by a thiol group. | monothioglycerol |
| triethylsilane | triethylsilane | |
| triphenylphosphine | A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | triphenylphosphine |
| tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine | A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent. | TCEP |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3,844 (35.55) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 2,532 (23.41) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 2,335 (21.59) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1,754 (16.22) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 349 (3.23) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 389 (3.42%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 150 (1.32%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 206 (1.81%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 13 (0.11%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 10,616 (93.34%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.4519 | 1 | 2 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 41.7207 | 3 | 3 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 2 | 2 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.9996 | 5 | 5 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 55.5371 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.1450 | 6 | 10 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.5412 | 1 | 1 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.4651 | 2 | 4 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.4852 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 49.0520 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.2128 | 2 | 2 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 62.8384 | 1 | 1 |
| interleukin 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 74.9780 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.7828 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 80.1608 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 53.9629 | 3 | 5 |
| nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 32.5314 | 1 | 2 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 42.0682 | 2 | 3 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.8918 | 1 | 1 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.1254 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.0520 | 2 | 3 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 62.0332 | 2 | 2 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 24.3365 | 1 | 1 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 56.2467 | 3 | 3 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 48.9480 | 2 | 3 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.5412 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 49.0520 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbonic anhydrase | Methanosarcina thermophila | Ki | 11,700.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Astrosclera willeyana | Ki | 320.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 | Ki | 7,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 18,000.0000 | 7 | 7 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 89,000.0000 | 16 | 16 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 89,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyphenol oxidase 2 | Agaricus bisporus | IC50 | 210.0000 | 1 | 1 |