Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the energy-independent passage of a monoatomic anion across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_transport, GOC:pr, ISBN:0815340729]
Monoatomic anion channel activity refers to the ability of a protein or other biological molecule to facilitate the selective passage of single, negatively charged ions (anions) across a biological membrane. This process plays a crucial role in various cellular functions, including:
- **Maintaining electrochemical gradients:** Anion channels contribute to the establishment and maintenance of differences in electrical potential and ion concentrations across cellular membranes. This gradient is essential for nerve impulse propagation, muscle contraction, and other physiological processes.
- **Regulating cell volume:** By controlling the movement of anions, these channels help regulate the osmotic balance within cells, preventing swelling or shrinking.
- **Signal transduction:** Anion channels can participate in signaling pathways by altering the permeability of membranes to specific anions, triggering downstream events.
- **Transport of essential ions:** Certain anion channels are responsible for the transport of essential anions like chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-), which are involved in various metabolic and physiological processes.
The molecular mechanism of monoatomic anion channel activity involves a series of steps:
1. **Binding of the anion:** The channel protein contains a specific binding site that selectively interacts with the target anion.
2. **Conformation change:** Upon anion binding, the channel undergoes a conformational change, opening a pore that allows the anion to pass through.
3. **Ion translocation:** The anion moves through the pore driven by the electrochemical gradient, facilitated by interactions with the channel lining.
4. **Release of the anion:** The anion is released on the opposite side of the membrane, completing the transport cycle.
The selectivity of anion channels is determined by the size, charge, and chemical properties of the pore, which can discriminate between different anions. This selectivity ensures the proper transport of essential ions while preventing the passage of unwanted molecules.
Monoatomic anion channels are diverse in their structure and function, and are classified into various families based on their structural features and the types of anions they transport. Examples include chloride channels, bicarbonate channels, and phosphate channels, each playing specific roles in cellular processes.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Pannexin-1 | A pannexin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96RD7] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 | An excitatory amino acid transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43005] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid | alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
probenecid | probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy. | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
cysteine | cysteine; cysteine zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite | |
aspartic acid | aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
glutamic acid | glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
sym 2081 | |||
dihydrokainate | dicarboxylic acid | ||
serine o-sulfate | L-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine. serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-sulfoamino acid | |
hinokinin | hinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer). hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg | benzodioxoles; gamma-lactone; lignan | trypanocidal drug |
3-hydroxyaspartic acid, (threo-l)-isomer | (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid : The (3S)-diastereomer of 3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid. | 3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid | metabolite |
2-amino-3-phenylmethoxybutanedioic acid | aspartic acid derivative | ||
dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate | |||
l-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartate | L-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartate: structure in first source | ||
ucph 101 | 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source |