Page last updated: 2024-08-05 12:15:45
spiroketal
A cyclic ketal in which the ketal carbon is the only common atom of two rings.
ChEBI ID: 72600
Members (18)
| Member | Definition | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate | A sprioketal resulting from the formal condensation of the 2'- and 3'- hydroxy groups of ATP with picric acid. | TNP-ATP |
| 22,23-dihydroavermectin b(1)a | A macrocyclic lactone that is avermectin B1a in which the double bond present in the spirocyclic ring system has been reduced to a single bond. It is the major component of ivermectin. | 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a |
| amcinonide | amcinonide | |
| aplysiatoxin | The parent member of the class of aplysiatoxins. It is a cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, as well as algae and molluscs. | aplysiatoxin |
| avenacoside b | A steroid saponin obtained from grain and leaves of oats (Avena sativa) that is nuatigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 26 is converted to its beta-D-glucoside and in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is converted into its methyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside derivative. | avenacoside B |
| chrysopine | A spiroketal and delta-lactone resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-glutamine with the anomeric hydroxy group of D-fructose and substitution of the 1-hydroxy group of the fructose by the alpha-amino group of the glutamine. It is found in crown gall tumours induced in chrysanthemums by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. | chrysopine |
| debromoaplysiatoxin | A member of the class of aplysiatoxins that has the structure of the parent aplysiatoxin, but is lacking the bromo substituent on the benzene ring at the position para to the phenolic hydroxy group. It is a cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, as well as algae and molluscs. | debromoaplysiatoxin |
| dioscin | A spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of diosgenin via a glycosidic linkage. | dioscin |
| diosgenin | A sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. | diosgenin |
| diosgenin glucoside | A sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside having diosgenin as the sterol component. | diosgenin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside |
| guanadrel | A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching). | guanadrel |
| monensin | A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | monensin A |
| ossamycin | A macrolide antibiotic that was originally isolated from the culture broths of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ossamyceticus. | ossamycin |
| pectenotoxin 1 | Pectenotoxin 1 | |
| pectenotoxin 2 | Pectenotoxin 2 | |
| pectenotoxin 6 | Pectenotoxin 7 | |
| salinomycin | Salinomycin | |
| spiroxamine | The spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone with 3-[ethyl(propyl)amino]propane-1,2-diol. An inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis, it is a broad spectrum agricultural fungicide used particularly against powdery mildew in the production of cereals, bananas and grapes. | spiroxamine |
Research
Studies (5,370)
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs in This Class (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1,497 (27.88) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1,183 (22.03) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 928 (17.28) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1,287 (23.97) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 475 (8.85) | 2.80 |
Study Types
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs in This Class (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 170 (2.86%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 178 (2.99%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 44 (0.74%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 5,556 (93.41%) | 84.16% |