high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. [TC:2.A.3.10.5]

High-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity refers to the specific process by which proteins embedded in the cell membrane facilitate the movement of L-glutamate across the membrane. These transporters are highly selective for L-glutamate, exhibiting a much stronger affinity for this neurotransmitter than for other amino acids. This high affinity ensures efficient uptake of L-glutamate from the synapse, where it serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The transport process is driven by a concentration gradient, meaning L-glutamate moves from a region of high concentration (e.g., the synaptic cleft) to a region of low concentration (e.g., the intracellular space). This movement is facilitated by the transporter protein, which binds to L-glutamate on one side of the membrane and releases it on the other side. This transport mechanism plays a crucial role in terminating synaptic transmission, removing L-glutamate from the synaptic cleft and preventing excessive activation of glutamate receptors. Furthermore, the uptake of L-glutamate into neurons and glial cells is essential for the synthesis of new neurotransmitters and for the maintenance of neuronal function. These transporters are critical for maintaining the proper balance of glutamate in the brain, ensuring that synaptic transmission occurs efficiently and without excessive activation that could lead to neuronal damage.'
"

Proteins (6)

Compounds (17)