norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 5832 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1201146 |
| CHEBI ID | 7628 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 37530 |
| MeSH ID | M0082292 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 19-nor-17.alpha.-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, acetate |
| nsc22844 |
| 17.alpha.-ethynyl-17-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one acetate |
| 17.alpha.-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone-17.beta.-acetate |
| sh 420 |
| 19-norethynyltestosterone acetate |
| nsc-22844 |
| primolut-nor |
| norethynyltestosterone acetate |
| norethysterone acetate |
| wln: l e5 b666 ov mutj e fov1 f1uu1 -b&ef |
| norethindrone 17-acetate |
| enta |
| orlutate |
| 19-norethisterone acetate |
| norethisteron acetate |
| 17.alpha.-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone acetate |
| 17.alpha.-ethynyl-17.beta.-acetoxy-19-norandrost-4-en-3-one |
| norlutin acetate |
| nsc 22844 |
| monogest |
| norethindrone acetate [usp] |
| 17-acetyloxy(17-alpha)-19-norpregn-4-estren-17-beta-ol-acetate-3-one |
| aygestin |
| 17beta-hydroxy-19-nor-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one acetate |
| 19-nor-17-alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-acetoxy- |
| 17-alpha-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone acetate |
| einecs 200-132-0 |
| ccris 485 |
| estr-4-en-3-one, 17alpha-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-, acetate |
| 19-nor-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-acetoxy- |
| 17beta-acetoxy-19-nor-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one |
| 19-nor-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-hydroxy-, acetate |
| 17-alpha-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone-17-beta-acetate |
| 17alpha-ethynyl-17beta-acetoxy-19-norandrost-4-en-3-one |
| milligynon |
| 17alpha-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone-17beta-acetate |
| 17alpha-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone 17beta-acetate |
| 17-hydroxy-19-nor-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one acetate |
| norlutine acetate |
| 17-alpha-ethynyl-17-beta-acetoxy-19-norandrost-4-en-3-one |
| gestakadin |
| brn 2064104 |
| (17-alpha)-norethindrone acetate |
| 17-hydroxy-19-nor-17-alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one acetate |
| progylut |
| miniphase |
| 17-alpha-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone acetate |
| 17-acetoxy-19-nor-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one |
| 17-acetoxy-19-nor-17-alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one |
| 19-norpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-(acetyloxy)-, (17alpha) |
| (17-alpha)-17-(acetyloxy)-19-norpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one |
| milli-anovlar |
| norlutin a |
| 17-alpha-ethynyl-17-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one acetate |
| 17alpha-ethynyl-17-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one acetate |
| ethinyl-nortestosterone acetate |
| 17alpha-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone acetate |
| 51-98-9 |
| norethindrone acetate , |
| norethisterone acetate |
| C08152 |
| 19-norethindrone acetate |
| NCGC00159500-02 |
| aygestin (tn) |
| norethindrone acetate (usp) |
| D00953 |
| norethisterone acetate (jan) |
| sh-420 |
| CHEMBL1201146 |
| norethynyltestosterone |
| norethisteroni acetas |
| norethisterone 17-acetate |
| chebi:7628 , |
| 19-nor-17alpha-ethynyltestosterone acetate |
| N0450 |
| [(8r,9s,10r,13s,14s,17r)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate |
| cpd001906776 |
| HMS3259A16 |
| 9s44lic7oj , |
| unii-9s44lic7oj |
| (1s,11s,15s,2r,10r,14r)-14-ethynyl-15-methyl-5-oxotetracyclo[8.7.0.0<2,7>.0<11 ,15>]heptadec-6-en-14-yl acetate |
| tox21_113371 |
| dtxsid4023381 , |
| cas-51-98-9 |
| dtxcid601071 |
| AKOS016010517 |
| (17alpha)-3-oxo-19-norpregn-4-en-20-yn-17-yl acetate |
| S5785 |
| BRD-K96037667-001-01-4 |
| norethindrone acetate [mi] |
| norethindrone acetate component of femhrt |
| activella component norethindrone acetate |
| tri-legest fe component norethindrone acetate |
| norethindrone acetate [vandf] |
| estrostep fe component norethindrone acetate |
| norethindrone acetate [orange book] |
| norethindrone acetate [usp-rs] |
| norethisterone acetate [ep monograph] |
| oriahnn component norethindrone acetate |
| norethindrone acetate component of estrostep fe |
| myfembree component norethindrone acetate |
| norethindrone acetate component of myfembree |
| norethisterone acetate [who-dd] |
| norethisterone acetate [who-ip] |
| norethisterone acetate [jan] |
| norethindrone acetate component of combipatch |
| norethindrone acetate component of oriahnn |
| norethindrone acetate [usp monograph] |
| norethindrone acetate component of lo loestrin fe |
| lo loestrin fe component norethindrone acetate |
| norethindrone acetate component of tri-legest fe |
| combipatch component norethindrone acetate |
| norethisteroni acetas [who-ip latin] |
| norethindrone acetate component of activella |
| femhrt component norethindrone acetate |
| norethisterone acetate [mart.] |
| NC00575 |
| SCHEMBL37530 |
| IMONTRJLAWHYGT-ZCPXKWAGSA-N |
| CS-7730 |
| 19-norethindrone acetate, vetranal(tm), analytical standard |
| norethindrone acetate, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard |
| norethisterone acetate, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard |
| norethisterone acetate for system suitability, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard |
| norethisterone acetate (norethindrone acetate) |
| HY-B1710 |
| Q47495694 |
| AS-13383 |
| BCP11908 |
| 17a-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone 17b-acetate |
| norethindrone-acetate |
| NCGC00183366-07 |
| T72561 |
| norethindrone acetate (usp-rs) |
| norethisterone acetate (mart.) |
| norethisterone acetate (ep monograph) |
| ortho micronor |
| norethindrone acetate (usp monograph) |
Norethindrone acetate (NETA) is a unique progestin that has both estrogenic and androgenic properties. It is effective as an add-back regimen without estrogen supplementation.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Norethindrone acetate (NETA) is a fatty acid ester of norethindrone (NET) that can convert to its more active parent compound NET when orally administered. " | ( Probing the binding of two 19-nortestosterone derivatives to human serum albumin: insights into the interactions of steroid hormone drugs with functional biomacromolecule. He, J; Li, H; Li, S; Ma, X; Wang, Q; Xu, K; Yang, H, 2016) | 1.88 |
| "Norethindrone acetate (NETA) is a unique progestin that has both estrogenic and androgenic properties and is effective as an add-back regimen without estrogen supplementation." | ( The hormonal profile of norethindrone acetate: rationale for add-back therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in women with endometriosis. Chwalisz, K; Stanczyk, FZ; Surrey, E, 2012) | 1.41 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Areas covered: This review aims to offer the reader a complete overview of pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical efficacy of progestins for the treatment of endometriosis." | ( Current understanding on pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety of progestins for treating pain associated to endometriosis. Barra, F; Ferrero, S; Scala, C, 2018) | 0.48 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " WHO is conducting dose reduction trials and studies of bioavailability in various national populations." | ( Long-acting hormonal contraceptives for women. Garza-Flores, J; Hall, PE; Perez-Palacios, G, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "The bioavailability of contraceptive steroids was studied in 12 women who were given an antacid and a contraceptive pill simultaneously." | ( Antacid does not reduce the bioavailability of oral contraceptive steroids in women. Joshi, JV; Joshi, UM; Sankolli, GM; Shah, RS, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Apparently, self-dosing with this antacid will not affect bioavailability of oral contraceptive steroids." | ( Antacid does not reduce the bioavailability of oral contraceptive steroids in women. Joshi, JV; Joshi, UM; Sankolli, GM; Shah, RS, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of NET remain unchanged during early pregnancy." | ( Norethisterone acetate and ethinylestradiol in early human pregnancy. Düsterberg, B; Hasan, H; Kivikoski, A; Laajoki, V; Pulkkinen, MO, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Chronic treatment with dapsone does not appear to reduce the bioavailability of NET or EE." | ( Norethisterone and ethinyl estradiol kinetics during dapsone therapy. Bhatki, S; Joshi, JV; Joshi, UM; Maitra, A; Sankolli, G, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "The bioavailability of NET was not influenced by its combination with 1 mg E2." | ( Bioavailability of norethisterone acetate alone and in combination with estradiol administered in single or multiple oral doses to postmenopausal women. Aedo, AR; Cekan, SZ; Landgren, BM; Mattsson, LA; Stadberg, E; Westlund, P, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " This delivery system provides many advantages over oral contraceptives (OCs), including avoidance of the first-pass effect through the liver, constant serum steroid levels, longer duration of use, and greater bioavailability of the hormones." | ( Contraceptive vaginal rings. Harwood, B; Mishell, DR, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs." | ( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Out of the covariates tested on elagolix apparent clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and/or relative bioavailability, only organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 genotype status and body weight had a statistically significant but no clinically meaningful effect on elagolix relative bioavailability and apparent volume of distribution, respectively." | ( Population Pharmacokinetics of Elagolix in Combination with Low-Dose Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate in Women with Uterine Fibroids. Beck, D; Degner, J; Liu, M; Mostafa, NM; Noertersheuser, P; Shebley, M; Winzenborg, I, 2022) | 0.95 |
In a blinded, prospective, dose-response pilot study of continuous estrogen-progestin replacement therapy, 77 thin, nonsmoking, white women were randomly assigned to receive one of five dose combinations of daily ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone acetate. Elagolix population pharmacokinetics modeling did not reveal any patient-related factors or clinical parameters that would require dose adjustments.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " This study shows that estrogen/progestogen treatment in standard contraceptive dosage usually leads to only moderate and non-progressive stimulation of pituitary activity in women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea, but occasional excessive growth of a prolactinoma can occur and treatment needs to be monitored." | ( The effect of combined estrogen/progestogen treatment in women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. Fahy, UM; Foster, PA; Hartog, M; Hull, MG; Torode, HW, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Studies of the oral contraceptives in current use show that the coagulation effects depend on the dosage of estrogen and the type of progestogen used in combination." | ( Coagulation effects of oral contraception. Bonnar, J, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " A characteristic feature of cultured interstitial cells is the bell-shaped profile of the dose-response curve for gonadotropin stimulated androgen production." | ( Androgen and progestogen production in cultured interstitial cells derived from immature rat testis. De Moor, P; Koninckx, P; Verhoeven, G, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "In order to study dose-response relationships of estrogen in normal postmenopausal women, 100 volunteers were randomized to 12 months' treatment with placebo or one of three different doses (high, medium, or low) of natural estrogens (17 beta-estradiol and estriol), sequentially combined with norethisterone acetate for 10 of the 28 cycle days." | ( Dose-response evaluation of cyclic estrogen/gestagen in postmenopausal women: placebo-controlled trial of its gynecologic and metabolic actions. Christensen, MS; Christiansen, C; Hagen, C; Transbøl, I, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Since both estrogen and progestogen seem to be responsible in the etiology of hypertension the lowest possible dosage of OC should be chosen." | ( Oestrogens and hypertension. Roberts, JM, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Conversely, evidence of lupus exacerbation did not develop in any of 11 patients who received pure progestogen oral contraceptive therapy with either continuous low-dose norsteroids (6 patients) or discontinuous progestogens at normal dosage (5 patients)." | ( Influence of oral contraceptive therapy on the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Bach, JF; Dougados, M; Jungers, P; Kuttenn, F; Lesavre, P; Pélissier, C; Tron, F, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Women who developed this tumor on sequential therapy in general received less than the recommended guidelines for daily dosage and monthly duration of progestin." | ( Development of endometrial cancer in women on estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy. Barbuto, DA; Judd, HL; Karlan, BY; Lagasse, LD; Leuchter, RS; McGonigle, KF, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " One month after ovariectomy, the rats were dosed once daily for 6 months with either a low dose of growth hormone (GH) (0." | ( Growth hormone normalizes vertebral strength in ovariectomized rats. Andreassen, TT; Eschen, C, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " No differences were observed for days of stimulation, peak oestradiol attained, total dosage of exogenous gonadotrophins, or number of aspirated oocytes." | ( A combination of norethindrone acetate and leuprolide acetate blocks the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonistic response and minimizes cyst formation during ovarian stimulation. Ditkoff, EC; Sauer, MV, 1996) | 0.63 |
| " No differences were noted in days of stimulation, peak estradiol (E2) level attained, peak E2-to-oocyte ratio, dosage of exogenous gonadotropins, number of aspirated oocytes, fertilization rate, or oocyte and preembryo quality." | ( The addition of norethindrone acetate to leuprolide acetate for ovarian suppression has no adverse effect on ovarian stimulation. Ditkoff, EC; Lindheim, S; Prosser, R; Sauer, MV; Zimmermann, RC, 1997) | 0.64 |
| " Continuous combined transdermal delivery systems provide increased dosing flexibility and might improve convenience and compliance with hormone replacement therapy." | ( A randomized comparison of continuous combined transdermal delivery of estradiol-norethindrone acetate and estradiol alone for menopause. CombiPatch Study Group. Archer, DF; Dain, MP; Furst, K; Tipping, D; Vandepol, C, 1999) | 0.53 |
| " The multiple dosage in the second trial did not cause any major changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of NET, except for the AUC0-24 and AUC0-infinity values which were significantly higher than those seen in the first trial." | ( Bioavailability of norethisterone acetate alone and in combination with estradiol administered in single or multiple oral doses to postmenopausal women. Aedo, AR; Cekan, SZ; Landgren, BM; Mattsson, LA; Stadberg, E; Westlund, P, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Women were randomly assigned to wear transdermal placebo patches or a transdermal patch releasing 50 microg/d 17beta-estradiol alone (Vivelle) for days 1 to 14 of each cycle and a combination patch releasing 50 microg/d 17beta-estradiol plus 1 of 3 dosage levels (140, 250, or 400 microg/d) of norethindrone acetate (CombiPatch) for days 15 through 28." | ( Efficacy of continuous sequential transdermal estradiol and norethindrone acetate in relieving vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Cassel, D; Dain, MP; Furst, KW; Hille, D; Notelovitz, M; Skarinsky, D; VandePol, C, 2000) | 0.72 |
| " Serum CrossLaps decreased by about 50% in the levormeloxifene groups, with no dose-response effect." | ( Efficacy of levormeloxifene in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss and on the lipid profile compared to low dose hormone replacement therapy. Alexandersen, P; Christiansen, C; Delmas, PD; Riis, BJ; Stakkestad, JA, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Parameters like age of the patients, body mass index (BMI), dosage of the estrogen during pretreatment did not influence the results considerably." | ( [Amenorrhea rate after switch from sequential hormone replacement therapy to continuous combined administration of low dose estradiol and norethisterone acetate]. Kretschmar, S; Rakov, V; Von Holst, T, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "d(-1) of estradiol decreased mammary size to control levels (inverted-U-shaped dose-response curve)." | ( Sensitivity and specificity of bioassay of estrogenicity on mammary gland and uterus of female mice. Skarda, J, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " We have compared the effects of estrogen, tibolone, and raloxifene on relevant markers of coagulation activation and investigated whether there is a dose-response relationship of oral HT." | ( Conventional-dose hormone therapy (HT) and tibolone, but not low-dose HT and raloxifene, increase markers of activated coagulation. Andersen, TO; Eilertsen, AL; Qvigstad, E; Sandset, PM; Sandvik, L, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The aims of the present study were to evaluate a possible dose-response relationship and differential effects of different HT regimens on functionality of the APC system." | ( Differential impact of conventional and low-dose oral hormone therapy (HT), tibolone and raloxifene on functionality of the activated protein C system. Eilertsen, AL; Hemker, HC; Liestøl, S; Mowinckel, MC; Sandset, PM, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "To compare the effects of the abrupt discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and reduction of the daily dosage of the hormone on climacteric symptoms." | ( Effect of abrupt discontinuation versus gradual dose reduction of postmenopausal hormone therapy on hot flushes. Azevedo, LH; Cunha, EP; Fernandes, CE; Ferreira, JA; Peixoto, S; Pompei, LM; Steiner, ML; Strufaldi, R, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "The study group consisted of 92 postmenopausal women: 1) group G1 (n=30), treated with transdermal HT (17β-estradiol 50 μg/day plus NETA 170 μg/day); 2) group G2 (n=31), treated with the above transdermal HT and low dosage of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA); 3) control group P (n=31)." | ( Effect of transdermal hormone therapy on platelet haemostasis in menopausal women. Pertyńska-Marczewska, M; Pertyński, T; Stachowiak, G, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The non-linear dose-response meta-analysis revealed a negative correlation between HDL-C levels and increased treatment periods (P ˂ 0." | ( The effect of 17β-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate treatment on the lipid profile in women: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Abu-Zaid, A; Al-Badawi, IA; Al-Ghrairi, AKM; Albazee, E; Alomar, O; Alras, KA; Bajaman, JS; Baradwan, S; Gaman, MA; Ilesanmi-Oyelere, BL; Jamilian, P; Kutbi, E; Sadulah, DDS; Salem, H, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " norethindrone acetate in adolescents, as optimal dosing is unknown." | ( Norethindrone dosing for adequate menstrual suppression in adolescents. Compton, SD; Rager, TL; Rosen, MW; Winfrey, OK, 2023) | 1.82 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| synthetic oral contraceptive | An oral contraceptive which owes its effectiveness to synthetic preparation. |
| progestin | A synthetic progestogen. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position. |
| terminal acetylenic compound | An acetylenic compound which a carbon of the C#C moiety is attached to a hydrogen atom. |
| acetate ester | Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, Ferritin light chain | Equus caballus (horse) | Potency | 35.4813 | 5.6234 | 17.2929 | 31.6228 | AID485281 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.1500 | 0.0008 | 11.3822 | 44.6684 | AID686978; AID686979 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 0.1800 | 13.5574 | 39.8107 | AID1460 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.4081 | 0.0002 | 21.2231 | 8,912.5098 | AID743035; AID743036; AID743040; AID743053; AID743063 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.1314 | 0.0002 | 14.3764 | 60.0339 | AID720692 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.9224 | 0.0002 | 29.3054 | 16,493.5996 | AID743069; AID743075; AID743077; AID743079 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.6032 | 0.0017 | 23.8393 | 78.1014 | AID743083 |
| vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 79.4328 | 0.3548 | 28.0659 | 89.1251 | AID504847 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 9.8157 | 0.0003 | 23.4451 | 159.6830 | AID743065; AID743067 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 7.9433 | 0.0079 | 8.2332 | 1,122.0200 | AID2551 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 39.8107 | 0.0096 | 10.5250 | 35.4813 | AID1479145 |
| ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.8336 | 0.0119 | 17.9420 | 71.5630 | AID651632 |
| Ataxin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.8336 | 0.0119 | 12.2221 | 68.7989 | AID651632 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucocorticoid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.6460 | 0.0000 | 0.4953 | 10.0000 | AID625263 |
| Glucocorticoid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.2930 | 0.0001 | 0.3863 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
| Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.6460 | 0.0015 | 0.7600 | 5.0740 | AID625263 |
| Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.2930 | 0.0007 | 0.7653 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
| Androgen receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.1060 | 0.0010 | 1.9794 | 14.1600 | AID625228 |
| Androgen receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.0710 | 0.0003 | 1.2185 | 8.9270 | AID625228 |
| Glycine receptor subunit beta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.6460 | 0.0015 | 0.7600 | 5.0740 | AID625263 |
| Glycine receptor subunit beta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.2930 | 0.0007 | 0.7846 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
| Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.6460 | 0.0015 | 0.8044 | 5.0740 | AID625263 |
| Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.2930 | 0.0007 | 0.7846 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
| Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.6460 | 0.0015 | 0.7600 | 5.0740 | AID625263 |
| Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.2930 | 0.0007 | 0.7846 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
| Cytochrome P450 2C19 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.8000 | 0.0000 | 2.3983 | 10.0000 | AID625247 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID977602 | Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM | 2013 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6 | Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors. |
| AID547804 | Selectivity window, ratio of EC50 for BESM cells to EC50 for Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes infected in BESM cells | 2010 | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8 | Image-based high-throughput drug screening targeting the intracellular stage of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease. |
| AID588213 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
| AID1150124 | Relative binding affinity to guinea pig progesterone receptor | 1977 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9 | Quantitative relationships between steroid structure and binding to putative progesterone receptors. |
| AID588211 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
| AID588212 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
| AID977599 | Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM | 2013 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6 | Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors. |
| AID547621 | Cytotoxicity against BESM cells after 88 hrs by HTS assay | 2010 | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8 | Image-based high-throughput drug screening targeting the intracellular stage of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease. |
| AID1150122 | Relative binding affinity to sheep progesterone receptor | 1977 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9 | Quantitative relationships between steroid structure and binding to putative progesterone receptors. |
| AID588220 | Literature-mined public compounds from Kruhlak et al phospholipidosis modelling dataset | 2008 | Toxicology mechanisms and methods, , Volume: 18, Issue:2-3 | Development of a phospholipidosis database and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. |
| AID1150121 | Relative binding affinity to human progesterone receptor | 1977 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9 | Quantitative relationships between steroid structure and binding to putative progesterone receptors. |
| AID1150123 | Relative binding affinity to rabbit progesterone receptor | 1977 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 20, Issue:9 | Quantitative relationships between steroid structure and binding to putative progesterone receptors. |
| AID547622 | Antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes infected in BESM cells measured after 88 hrs postinfection by HTS assay | 2010 | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 54, Issue:8 | Image-based high-throughput drug screening targeting the intracellular stage of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease. |
| AID1346986 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID1296008 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening | 2020 | SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. |
| AID1346987 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID651635 | Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID1159550 | Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening | 2015 | Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11 | 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling. |
| AID1159607 | Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction | 2016 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 172 (26.10) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 135 (20.49) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 228 (34.60) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 93 (14.11) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 31 (4.70) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (48.93) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 318 (45.49%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 38 (5.44%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 20 (2.86%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 2 (0.29%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 321 (45.92%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double Dummy Trial to Compare the Effects Tibolone and Transdermal Continuous Combined Estradiol/Norethisterone on Sexual Desire and Arousal in Postmenopausal Women With Sexual Dysfunction [NCT00413764] | Phase 3 | 358 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-03-23 | Completed | ||
| Norethindrone Versus Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills for the Delay of Menstruation [NCT03594604] | Phase 4 | 17 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-15 | Completed | ||
| Combined Contraceptive Vaginal Ring or Norethisterone for Treatment of Idiopathic Menorrhagia [NCT01266759] | 95 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-07-31 | Completed | |||
| Extension Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Elagolix in Premenopausal Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated With Uterine Fibroids [NCT02925494] | Phase 3 | 433 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-14 | Completed | ||
| Heart Failure Prevention for Women: Preservation of Cardiac Function in the Peri-Menopausal Woman Through Hormone Therapy [NCT02693002] | Phase 4 | 4 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-29 | Terminated(stopped due to Enrollment goals not being met) | ||
| A Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Elagolix Alone or Elagolix With Hormonal Add-Back in Subjects With Endometriosis With Associated Moderate to Severe Pain [NCT03343067] | Phase 3 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-27 | Terminated(stopped due to The study was terminated early for business reasons, not for safety concerns.) | ||
| A 12 Month Non-interventional (Observational), International, Multi-centre, Prospective Study to Evaluate the Bleeding Pattern of Ultra-low Dose Continuous Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy Containing 0.5 mg Estradiol and 0.1 mg Norethisterone Acetate [NCT01076621] | 176 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2010-05-31 | Completed | |||
| LIBERTY 2: An International Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate Relugolix Co-Administered With and Without Low-Dose Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associate [NCT03103087] | Phase 3 | 382 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-06-14 | Completed | ||
| Management of Uterine Leiomyomata and Adenomyosis : Role of Hysteroscopy in Diagnosis and Norethisterone in the Treatment [NCT05153928] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-04-10 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Elagolix in Combination With Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate for the Management of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated With Uterine Fibroids in Premenopausal Women [NCT02691494] | Phase 3 | 378 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-03 | Completed | ||
| Use of Norethindrone Acetate for Management of Bleeding Associated With the Etonogestrel Contraceptive Implant [NCT02353247] | 88 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-08-31 | Completed | |||
| LIBERTY 1: An International Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate Relugolix Co-Administered With and Without Low-Dose Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associate [NCT03049735] | Phase 3 | 388 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-26 | Completed | ||
| A Study to Evaluate the Relative Bioavailability of Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol 0.4 mg/0.035 mg Chewable Tablets (Teva Pharmaceuticals, USA) Compared to FEMCON® Fe (Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol) 0.4 mg/0.035 mg Chewable Tablets (Warner Chilcott) in [NCT01344369] | Phase 1 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-08-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Dienogest vs. Norethindrone Acetate Treatment in Endometriosis [NCT05476172] | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-04-01 | Completed | |||
| Effectiveness of Hormonal Intrauterine Device in Treating Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Compared to Oral Progestin [NCT05050357] | 104 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-12-01 | Completed | |||
| LIBERTY EXTENSION: An International Phase 3 Open-Label, Single-Arm, Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Extension Study to Evaluate Relugolix Co-Administered With Low-Dose Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated Wit [NCT03412890] | Phase 3 | 477 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-19 | Completed | ||
| SPIRIT EXTENSION: An International Phase 3 Open-Label, Single-Arm, Safety and Efficacy Extension Study to Evaluate Relugolix Co-Administered With Low-Dose Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate in Women With Endometriosis-Associated Pain [NCT03654274] | Phase 3 | 802 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-05-22 | Completed | ||
| A Prospective Open Randomized Trial on the Efficacy of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist Depot-Triptorelin- to Prevent Chemotherapy Induced Premature Ovarian Failure in Lymphoma Patients. [NCT01160315] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 118 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Tranexemic Acid and Norethisterone Acetate on Endometrial Vasculature in Women With Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding. [NCT04290013] | Phase 3 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-04-22 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| An Open Label Study to Evaluate the Contraceptive Efficacy and Safety of Norethindrone Acetate Transdermal Delivery System [NCT01140217] | Phase 3 | 1,659 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Elagolix in Combination With Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate for the Management of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated With Uterine Fibroids in Premenopausal Women [NCT02654054] | Phase 3 | 413 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-12-22 | Completed | ||
| Safety of Oral Micronized Progesterone Versus Norethisterone Acetate in Continuous Combination With Oral Estrogen as Menopausal Hormone Therapy - a Double-blind Randomized Study- PROBES Study (Progesterone Breast Endometrial Safety Study) [NCT05586724] | Phase 3 | 390 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-02-25 | Recruiting | ||
| MYFEMBREE®: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using an Administrative Healthcare Database to Assess Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Treated With Relugolix Combination Therapy [NCT05739136] | 530 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2025-01-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Gender Disparity and Hormones in Cystic Fibrosis [NCT02036879] | Early Phase 1 | 55 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Effect of a Combination of Daclatasvir, Asunaprevir, and BMS-791325 on the Pharmacokinetics of a Combined Oral Contraceptive Containing Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate in Healthy Female Subjects [NCT02103569] | Phase 1 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 1, Open-label Study in Healthy Female Subjects to Investigate the Effect of JNJ-63623872 at Steady-state on the Steady-state Pharmacokinetics of Ethinylestradiol and Norethindrone [NCT02652650] | Phase 1 | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Pilot Study Examining the Pharmacokinetics of 0.35mg Norethindrone vs 5mg Norethindrone Acetate [NCT05294341] | Phase 4 | 6 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-07-22 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Standard and Physiologic Sex Steroid Replacement Regimens in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure and the Assessment of Skeletal, Cardiovascular and Reproductive Parameters [NCT00732693] | Phase 4 | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Phase Ib, Open-Label, Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Study of the Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor GDC-0449 in Combination With Rosiglitazone or Combined Oral Contraceptive in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors That Are Refractory to [NCT01209143] | Phase 1 | 52 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Two-Way Crossover, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Fed, Bioequivalence Study of Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate Tablets, 1 mg/0.5 mg Versus Activella® (1 mg Estradiol/0.5 mg Norethindrone Acetate) Tablets in Normal, Healthy, Post-Menopausal Female Subjects. [NCT01181726] | Phase 1 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Open-Label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of a Low Dose Oral Contraceptive Containing Norethindrone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol [NCT00391807] | Phase 3 | 1,683 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Pretreatment With Norethindrone Acetate Prior to Levonorgestrel IUS Insertion for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [NCT01391052] | Phase 4 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
| PROMES: PROspective, Non-Interventional, Observational, Longitudinal Study to Describe the Safety Profile of MESIGYNA® (Norethisterone Enantate 50 mg and Estradiol Valerate 5 mg) as a Contraceptive Method for Women in Reproductive Age at the Outpatient Cl [NCT03901131] | 296 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-08-26 | Completed | |||
| Post Operative Continuous Active Combination Sex Steroids for the Prevention of Recurrent Endometrioma Formation [NCT00999479] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Poor enrollment) | |||
| A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Elagolix in Combination With Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Endometriosis-Associated Pain [NCT03213457] | Phase 3 | 681 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-07-07 | Completed | ||
| [NCT00006133] | 970 participants | Interventional | 2000-06-30 | Completed | |||
| A Two-Way Crossover, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Fasting, Bioequivalence Study of Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate Tablets, 1 mg/0.5 mg Versus Activella® (1 mg Estradiol/0.5 mg Norethindrone Acetate) Tablets in Normal, Healthy, Post-Menopausal Female Subjects [NCT01157182] | Phase 1 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-02-28 | Completed | ||
| An Open Label Study of the Contraceptive Efficacy of Norethindrone and Ethinyl Estradiol. [NCT00477633] | Phase 3 | 1,700 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Oral Norethindrone on Coagulation Parameters in Women at Increased Risk for Venous Thromboembolic Events [NCT00580424] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2007-12-31 | Terminated | |||
| A Relative Bioavailability Study of 0.4 mg/35 Mcg Norethindrone and Ethinyl Estradiol Chewable Tablets Under Fasting Conditions [NCT01340625] | Phase 1 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase I, Open Label, Fixed Sequence, Single-Center Study to Evaluate the Effect of Multiple Dose Administration of VI-0521 on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Oral Contraceptive in Healthy Female Subjects [NCT00821496] | Phase 1 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Low-Dose Naltrexone in Combination With Standard Treatment in Women With Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis [NCT03970330] | Phase 3 | 9 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-01-16 | Terminated(stopped due to Original PI left institution, lack of funding to continue) | ||
| Phase3,Open-label,Long-term,NSAID-Add-on,Clinical Trial of Mono-phase Low-dose Oral Contraceptive Pill for Treatment of Dysmenorrhea Associated With Endometriosis. [NCT00212277] | Phase 3 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2005-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Phase I, Open-Label Study to Determine the Effect of Repeat Dosing of Trametinib on the Pharmacokinetics of a Combined Oral Contraceptive (Norethindrone Plus Ethinyl Estradiol) in Female Patients With Solid Tumors [NCT02705963] | Phase 1 | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-20 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Genistein on Endometrial Hyperplasia [NCT00453960] | Phase 2 | 59 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Hormonal Contraception and Bacterial Vaginosis (HCBV): The Effect of Norethisterone Enanthate on Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women at High Risk for HIV Infection in Kampala, Uganda [NCT02905890] | Phase 4 | 250 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-02 | Completed | ||
| Effects of a Progestin on Frequent and/or Prolonged Bleeding With Nexplanon™; a Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT04676061] | Phase 4 | 124 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-02-11 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of the Use of Cannabidiol in the Management of Endometriosis Pain [NCT04527003] | Phase 3 | 36 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-12-04 | Recruiting | ||
| Single Dose, Three-way, Cross-over, Relative Bioavailability Study With 3 Oral Formulations for Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: 0.5 mg Estradiol + 0.1 mg Norethisterone Acetate, 0.5 mg Estradiol + 0.25 mg Norethisterone Acetate, and 1 [NCT01477632] | Phase 1 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Oral Contraceptives Versus Depot-Leuprolide Taken After Surgery for Endometriosis-Associated Pelvic Pain [NCT00229996] | Phase 3 | 194 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2004-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Treatment of Endometriosis With Norethindrone Acetate ( NA) VS. Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist (Lupron Depot 11.25 mg) [NCT00458458] | Phase 3 | 112 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2004-08-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Phase 3,Placebo Controlled,Randomized,Double-Blinded,NSAID-Add-on,Clinical Trial of Mono-phase Low Dose Oral Contraceptive Pill for Treatment of Dysmenorrhea Associated With Endometriosis. [NCT00212342] | Phase 3 | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate the Effect of Colchicine on the Pharmacokinetic Profile of an Oral Contraceptive Containing Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone in Healthy Women [NCT01040845] | Phase 1 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Estriol Treatment in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: Effect on Cognition. [NCT01466114] | Phase 2 | 64 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-10-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Six Month Double-blind, Randomised, Parallel-group, Placebo-controlled, Multi-centre Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Two Ultra-low Dose Combinations With 0.5 mg Estradiol and 0.1 mg or 0.25 mg Norethisterone Acetate (Activelle Low Dose 0 [NCT00184795] | Phase 3 | 576 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-05-28 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Hormonal Add-Back Therapy in Adolescents Treated With a GnRH Agonist for Endometriosis: A Randomized Trial [NCT00474851] | Phase 2 | 53 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of One-to-one Service on the Continuation and Satisfaction of Combined Injectable Contraceptive Use. [NCT05362019] | 400 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-05-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Dopamine Receptor Agonist Therapy for Pain Relief in Women Suffering From Endometriosis: A Pilot Study [NCT02542410] | Phase 2 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Three-Part Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Potential Drug Interaction Between ACH-0144471 and Warfarin, Bupropion, and Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone (Oral Contraceptive) in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT04709094] | Phase 1 | 52 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-07-28 | Completed | ||
| Open-Label Study of Cycle Control With Extended Administration of Norethindrone Acetate 1 mg / Ethinyl Estradiol 20 Mcg Oral Tablets [NCT00338052] | Phase 2 | 207 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-06-30 | Completed | ||
| LNG-IUS or Norethisterone Acetate for Treatment of Non-atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia in Perimenopausal Women [NCT01499602] | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-05-31 | Completed | |||
| [NCT00004763] | Phase 2 | 45 participants | Interventional | 1993-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Control Trial Between Norethisterone Acetate and Expectant Management in Treatment of Simple Ovarian Cysts [NCT05293574] | Phase 4 | 66 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Bleeding Profile With Continuous Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: A Prospective, Open, Multicenter Trial of Activelle® Treatment Following Switch From Trisekvens® [NCT01705249] | Phase 4 | 191 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-08-14 | Completed | ||
| Treatment of Prolonged Uterine Bleeding of Etonogestrel (ENG)-Releasing Implant Using Norethisterone (NET)-Only Pill: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04047875] | Phase 4 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-09-15 | Recruiting | ||
| The Effect of Protease Inhibitors on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Norethindrone Contraception [NCT01667978] | 35 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Open Label, Randomized, Comparator-Controlled Study of the Contraceptive Efficacy of Norethindrone Acetate (NA) and Ethinyl Estradiol (EE) [NCT00932321] | Phase 3 | 938 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
| An International Phase 3 Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Withdrawal Study of Relugolix With Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated With Uterine Fibroids [NCT03751124] | Phase 3 | 229 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-16 | Completed | ||
| Single Dose, Double-blind, Two-way Cross-over Bioequivalence Trial With 2 Different Oral Formulations of Estradiol and Norethisterone [NCT01596010] | Phase 1 | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 1, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Effect of Multiple Doses of Isavuconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose Oral Contraceptive Containing Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone [NCT01597986] | Phase 1 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Ovulation Incidence in Oral Contraceptive Users [NCT03106454] | Phase 3 | 58 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-08-31 | Suspended(stopped due to Investigator leave of absence) | ||
| Pharmacodynamics of NPC-01( 1mg Norethisterone and 0.02mg Ethinyl Estradiol) and IKH-01( 1mg Norethisterone and 0.035mg Ethinyl Estradiol); Effect of NPC-01 and IKH-01 on Serum Concentrations of Estradiol, Progesterone, FSH and LH. [NCT01253824] | Phase 3 | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of the Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device With Norethindrone Acetate for Treatment of Endometriosis in Adolescents and Young Adults [NCT04948489] | Phase 2 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Protocol for Randomized Clinical Study Concerning Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) After Previous Radical Breast Cancer Treatment [NCT00003771] | Phase 3 | 1,300 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 1997-09-30 | Completed | ||
| SPIRIT 2: An International Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate Relugolix Administered With and Without Low-Dose Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate in Women With Endometriosis-Associated Pain [NCT03204331] | Phase 3 | 623 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-11-01 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of BMS-986165 on the Pharmacokinetics of a Combined Oral Contraceptive (Ethinyl Estradiol/Norethindrone) in Healthy Female Subjects [NCT03262727] | Phase 1 | 49 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-09-01 | Completed | ||
| Oral Contraceptive Ethinyl Estradiol Dose Effect on Postpartum Depression and Sexual Functioning Scales [NCT02210702] | Phase 4 | 33 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Progestin Treatment in Bleeding Disorders Study [NCT05916469] | 300 participants (Anticipated) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2024-07-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Phase 2a Proof Of Concept Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Elagolix in Pre-Menopausal Women With Heavy Uterine Bleeding and Uterine Fibroids [NCT01441635] | Phase 2 | 271 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-09-08 | Completed | ||
| A Single Centre, Open-label, Randomized, Parallel Group, Multiple Dose Comparison of the Effect of TPV 750 mg and RTV 200 mg or TPV 500 mg and RTV 100 mg, Administered Twice Daily, on the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Norethindrone-Ethinyl Estradiol [NCT02245438] | Phase 1 | 52 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-05-31 | Terminated | ||
| The Effect of BMS-986195 on the Pharmacokinetics of a Combined Oral Contraceptive (Ethinyl Estradiol/Norethindrone) in Healthy Female Subjects [NCT03262740] | Phase 1 | 58 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-09-11 | Completed | ||
| Open-label, Randomized, Fixed Sequence Cross-over Study With Five Parallel Treatment Arms and Three Treatment Periods to Quantify the Drug-drug Interactions of Two Rifampicin Dose Strengths on Four Progestins and a Fixed Progestin-ethinylestradiol Combina [NCT03353857] | Phase 1 | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-11-29 | Completed | ||
| The Association of Hormonal Intake and Demographic Factors With Breast Cancer Risk. An Egyptian Case-controlled Study [NCT05135013] | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-11-16 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| SPIRIT 1: An International Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate Relugolix Administered With and Without Low-Dose Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate in Women With Endometriosis-Associated Pain [NCT03204318] | Phase 3 | 638 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-07 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 2b Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Elagolix in Premenopausal Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated With Uterine Fibroids [NCT01817530] | Phase 2 | 571 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-04-08 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 12 cycles, 28 days each (336 days)
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 3.85 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 13 cycles, 28 days each (1 year)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 49.1 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 2 cycles, 28 days each (56 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 30.7 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 6 cycles, 28 days each (168 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 42.9 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 13 cycles, 28 days each (1 year)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 22.4 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 2 cycles, 28 days each (56 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 34.8 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 6 cycles, 28 days each (168 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 25.0 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 13 cycles, 28 days each (1 year)
| Intervention | Pregnancy Rate (Number) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 2.554 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 6 cycles, 28 days each (168 days)
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 3.99 |
MITT Population (NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 13 cycles, 28 days each (1 year)
| Intervention | Bleeding/Spotting Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 1.81 |
MITT Population (NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 6 cycles, 28 days each (168 days)
| Intervention | Bleeding/Spotting Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 2.00 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 6 cycles, 28 days each (168 days)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 3.00 |
MITT Population (NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 2 Cycles, 28 days each (56 days)
| Intervention | Bleeding/Spotting Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 3.21 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 2 cycles, 28 days each (56 days)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 4.57 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 13 Cycles, 28 days each (1 year)
| Intervention | Pregnancy Rate (Number) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 2.167 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 13 cycles, 28 days each (1 year)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 3.36 |
(NCT00391807)
Timeframe: 2 cycles, 28 days each (56 days)
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 3.93 |
Adjusted mean change in total body areal bone mineral density (aBMD) over the 12 month trial (NCT00474851)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 months
| Intervention | g/cm^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Intervention Group | 0.01 |
| Placebo Group | -0.11 |
(NCT00474851)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 months
| Intervention | g (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Intervention Group | 37 |
| Placebo Group | 15 |
Pregnancy rate in women 18-35 years old, Pearl Index - number of pregnancies per 100 women-years of treatment (NCT00477633)
Timeframe: 13 cycles (28 days each), approximately 364 days
| Intervention | Pearl Index (Number) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets | 1.903 |
(NCT00477633)
Timeframe: 12 cycles (28 days each), approximately 336 days
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets | 1.19 |
"Each IB episode has a unique duration, with 0, 1, 2, 3 or more episodes per cycle. To obtain mean median duration of episodes during a cycle, take the median duration of all episodes in each cycle. If there are no episodes in the cycle, then median duration is undefined/missing for that cycle. 1 episode - median duration = duration of that episode, 2 episodes - median duration = average of 2 durations, more than 2 episodes, calculated in usual way for median of an ordered set of numbers. Once median determined for each cycle/subject, the mean & SD of those quantities calculated." (NCT00477633)
Timeframe: 12 cycles (28 days each), approximately 336 days
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets | 3.52 |
Pearl Index = 1300 * number of pregnancies/number of women-cycles of treatment (NCT00932321)
Timeframe: 5.6 months (6 - 28 day cycles)
| Intervention | Pearl Index (Number) |
|---|---|
| 24 Day NA/EE | 1.823 |
| 21 Day NA/EE | 2.978 |
Self-reported via patient completed diary (none - no vaginal bleeding, light - less than normal menstruation, normal - like normal menstruation, heavy - more than normal menstruation) along with daily use of sanitary protection (other than panty liners). Light bleeding requiring no more than single pad or tampon will be spotting. (NCT00932321)
Timeframe: 5.6 months (6 - 28 day cycles)
| Intervention | Days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 24 Day NA/EE | 6.31 |
| 21 Day NA/EE | 7.31 |
The maximum or peak concentration that Norethindrone with Colchicine reaches in the plasma at steady state. Steady state refers to the point that constant concentration of drug is achieved subsequent to administration of constant doses of that drug given at constant intervals. (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: Day 21 of each cycle - plasma concentrations were drawn prior to the morning dose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 (prior to pm colchicine/placebo dose), and 24 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone With Colchicine | 24.17 |
The maximum or peak concentration that Ethinyl Estradiol with Placebo reaches in the plasma at steady state. Steady state refers to the point that constant concentration of drug is achieved subsequent to administration of constant doses of that drug given at constant intervals. (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: Day 21 of each cycle - plasma concentrations were drawn prior to the morning dose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 (prior to pm colchicine/placebo dose), and 24 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ethinyl Estradiol With Placebo | 0.15 |
The maximum or peak concentration that Ethinyl Estradiol with Colchicine reaches in the plasma at steady state. Steady state refers to the point that constant concentration of drug is achieved subsequent to administration of constant doses of that drug given at constant intervals. (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: Day 21 of each cycle - plasma concentrations were drawn prior to the morning dose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 (prior to pm colchicine/placebo dose), and 24 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ethinyl Estradiol With Colchicine | 0.14 |
The maximum or peak concentration that Colchicine with Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol reaches in the plasma at steady state. Steady state refers to the point that constant concentration of drug is achieved subsequent to administration of constant doses of that drug given at constant intervals (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: Day 21 of each cycle - plasma concentrations were drawn prior to the morning dose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 (prior to pm colchicine/placebo dose), and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colchicine With Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 3.11 |
The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration (t), as calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: Day 21 of each cycle - plasma concentrations were drawn prior to the morning dose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 (prior to pm colchicine/placebo dose), and 24 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone With Placebo | 178.08 |
The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration (t), as calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: Day 21 of each cycle - plasma concentrations were drawn prior to the morning dose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 (prior to pm colchicine/placebo dose), and 24 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | ng-hr/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone With Colchicine | 175.57 |
The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration (t), as calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: Day 21 of each cycle - plasma concentrations were drawn prior to the morning dose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 (prior to pm colchicine/placebo dose), and 24 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ethinyl Estradiol With Placebo | 1.29 |
The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration (t), as calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: Day 21 of each cycle - plasma concentrations were drawn prior to the morning dose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 (prior to pm colchicine/placebo dose), and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colchicine With Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol | 18.40 |
The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration (t), as calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: serial pharmacokinetic plasma concentrations were drawn prior to dose administration (0 hour) and at 0.33, 0.67, 1, 1.33, 1.67, 2, 2.33, 2.67, 3, 3.33, 3.67, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14, 18, 24, 36, and 48 hours after drug administration.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ethinyl Estradiol With Colchicine | 1.24 |
The maximum or peak concentration that Norethindrone with Placebo reaches in the plasma at steady state. Steady state refers to the point that constant concentration of drug is achieved subsequent to administration of constant doses of that drug given at constant intervals. (NCT01040845)
Timeframe: Day 21 of each cycle - plasma concentrations were drawn prior to the morning dose (0 hour) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 (prior to pm colchicine/placebo dose), and 24 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone With Placebo | 24.42 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 10870.03 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 11252.64 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 1575.01 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 1656.16 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Uncorrected Total Estrone. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 372088.37 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 385829.05 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone AUC0-t. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 36 hour period.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 36.59 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 37.05 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Corrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 9409.59 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 9762.49 |
Bioequivalence based on Corrected Total Estrone AUC0-inf. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 375439.71 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 384535.16 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Corrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 1267.50 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 1323.70 |
Bioequivalence based on Corrected Total Estrone AUC0-t. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 365242.88 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 374730.12 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 12387.14 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 12646.49 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 1739.31 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 1905.28 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Uncorrected Total Estrone. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 387085.29 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 400726.94 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone AUC0-inf. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 36 hour period.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 39.94 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 40.40 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Corrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 10267.03 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 10214.23 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Corrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 1359.50 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 1410.51 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Corrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 47.80 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 51.59 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 475.44 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 502.24 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 52.09 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 56.26 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Uncorrected Total Estrone. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 43723.53 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 47170.59 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone Cmax. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 36 hour period.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 10.08 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 9.90 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Corrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 455.16 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 481.46 |
Bioequivalence based on Corrected Total Estrone Cmax. (NCT01157182)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 43997.17 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 47015.47 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Corrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 10952.25 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 11369.60 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 12444.22 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 12977.00 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 2016.26 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 2086.39 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone AUC0-inf. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 36 hour period.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 49.55 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 50.68 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Uncorrected Total Estrone. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 397537.88 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 420763.02 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Uncorrected Total Estrone. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 398139.63 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 425739.45 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 2301.59 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 2274.04 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 13592.44 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 14155.46 |
Bioequivalence based on Corrected Total Estrone AUC0-t. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 384547.68 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 407028.98 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-t values for Corrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 1723.44 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 1793.04 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 513.56 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 529.23 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Uncorrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 59.24 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 60.33 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Uncorrected Total Estrone. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 27256.41 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 27430.77 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone Cmax. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 36 hour period.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 6.54 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 6.06 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Corrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 492.81 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 509.81 |
Informational comparison of Cmax values for Corrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 55.18 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 56.24 |
Bioequivalence based on Corrected Total Estrone Cmax. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 27076.08 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 27240.03 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Corrected Unconjugated Estrone. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 11293.21 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 11747.97 |
Informational comparison of AUC0-inf values for Corrected Unconjugated Estradiol. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 1823.43 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 1871.56 |
Bioequivalence based on Corrected Total Estrone AUC0-inf. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 72 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 380131.12 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 424801.99 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone AUC0-t. (NCT01181726)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 36 hour period.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate (Test) | 45.03 |
| Activella® (Reference) | 46.13 |
On Days 1 and 8, blood samples were taken prior to the administration of the contraceptive norethindrone 1 mg/ethinyl estradiol 35 µg (Ortho-Novum 1/35®) and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours, between 8 and 12 hours, and 24 hours post-dose. Plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone were determined using a validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) assay. Individual and mean plasma ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone concentration versus time data were tabulated and plotted by analyte. The pharmacokinetic parameters of each analyte were calculated using standard non-compartmental methods (WinNonlin version 5.2.1, Pharsight Corp., Mountain View, CA). The geometric mean ratios of Cmax of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone were defined as the ratios of Cmax of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone on Day 8 divided by Cmax of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone on Day 1, respectively. (NCT01209143)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours, between 8 and 12 hours, and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Ethinyl estradiol | Norethindrone | |
| Vismodegib + Oral Contraceptive | 105 | 112 |
On Days 1 and 8, blood samples were taken prior to the administration of the contraceptive norethindrone 1 mg/ethinyl estradiol 35 µg (Ortho-Novum 1/35®) and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours, between 8 and 12 hours, and 24 hours post-dose. Plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone were determined using a validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) assay. Individual and mean plasma ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone concentration versus time data were tabulated and plotted by analyte. The pharmacokinetic parameters of each analyte were calculated using standard non-compartmental methods (WinNonlin version 5.2.1, Pharsight Corp., Mountain View, CA). The geometric mean ratios of AUC(0-inf) of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone were defined as the ratios of AUC(0-inf) of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone on Day 8 divided by AUC(0-inf) of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone on Day 1, respectively. (NCT01209143)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours, between 8 and 12 hours, and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL*hr (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Ethinyl estradiol | Norethindrone | |
| Vismodegib + Oral Contraceptive | 99.6 | 123 |
On Days 1 and 8, blood samples were taken prior to the administration of rosiglitazone and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours, between 8 and 12 hours, and 24 hours post-dose. Plasma concentrations of rosiglitazone were determined using a validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) assay. Individual and mean plasma rosiglitazone concentration versus time data were tabulated and plotted by analyte. The pharmacokinetic parameters of each analyte were calculated using standard non-compartmental methods (WinNonlin version 5.2.1, Pharsight Corp., Mountain View, CA). The geometric mean ratio of Cmax of rosiglitazone was defined as the Cmax of rosiglitazone on Day 8/ Cmax of rosiglitazone on Day 1. (NCT01209143)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours, between 8 and 12 hours, and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Number) |
|---|---|
| Vismodegib + Rosiglitazone | 93.1 |
On Days 1 and 8, blood samples were taken prior to the administration of rosiglitazone and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours, between 8 and 12 hours, and 24 hours post-dose. Plasma concentrations of rosiglitazone were determined using a validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) assay. Individual and mean plasma rosiglitazone concentration versus time data were tabulated and plotted by analyte. The pharmacokinetic parameters of each analyte were calculated using standard non-compartmental methods (WinNonlin version 5.2.1, Pharsight Corp., Mountain View, CA). The geometric mean ratio of AUC(0-inf) of rosiglitazone was defined as the AUC(0-inf) of rosiglitazone on Day 8/AUC(0-inf) of rosiglitazone on Day 1. (NCT01209143)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours, between 8 and 12 hours, and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL*hr (Number) |
|---|---|
| Vismodegib + Rosiglitazone | 92.0 |
FSH was measured on day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 on 3 consecutive menstrual period (pre administration/Baseline(BL), study drug administration(SDA), post administration/follow up(FU)) and calculated AUC from these data (NCT01253824)
Timeframe: Day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 of menstrual cycles
| Intervention | mIU･day/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Differnce of FSH (BL-SDA) | Difference of FSH(FP-SDA) | |
| IKH-01 | -4.380 | 0.538 |
| NPC-01 | -9.609 | -4.404 |
LH was measured on day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 on 3 consecutive menstrual period (pre administration/Baseline(BL), study drug administration(SDA), post administration/follow up(FU)) and calculated AUC from these data (NCT01253824)
Timeframe: Day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 of menstrual cycles
| Intervention | mIU･day/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Difference of LH(BL-SDA) | Difference of LH(FU-SDA) | |
| IKH-01 | 57.124 | 59.837 |
| NPC-01 | 60.874 | 61.571 |
Progesterone was measured on day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 on 3 consecutive menstrual period (pre administration/Baseline(BL), study drug administration(SDA), post administration/follow up(FU)) and calculated AUC from these data (NCT01253824)
Timeframe: Day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 of menstrual cycles
| Intervention | ng･day/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Difference of progesterone(BL-SDA) | Difference of progesterone(FU-SDA) | |
| IKH-01 | 93.148 | 59.344 |
| NPC-01 | 54.171 | 89.711 |
Estradiol was measured on day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 on 3 consecutive menstrual period (pre administration/Baseline(BL), study drug administration(SDA), post administration/follow up(FU)) and calculated AUC from these data (NCT01253824)
Timeframe: Day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 of menstrual cycles
| Intervention | pg･day/mL, (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Difference of estradiol AUC (BL-SDA) | Difference of estradiol AUC(FU-SDA) | |
| IKH-01 | 2478.0 | 2434.9 |
| NPC-01 | 1654.7 | 1872.6 |
Bioequivalence based on Ethinyl Estradiol Cmax (maximum observed concentration of drug substance in plasma). (NCT01340625)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 230.56 |
| Ovcon® 35 Fe (Reference) | 237.00 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone Cmax (maximum observed concentration of drug substance in plasma). (NCT01340625)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 10.94 |
| Ovcon® 35 Fe (Reference) | 10.00 |
Bioequivalence based on Ethinyl Estradiol AUC0-inf (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity). (NCT01340625)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 2129.43 |
| Ovcon® 35 Fe (Reference) | 2131.84 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone AUC0-inf (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity). (NCT01340625)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 48.67 |
| Ovcon® 35 Fe (Reference) | 45.43 |
Bioequivalence based on Ethinyl Estradiol AUC0-t (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time of last measurable concentration). (NCT01340625)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 1976.72 |
| Ovcon® 35 Fe (Reference) | 1989.82 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone AUC0-t (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time of last measurable concentration). (NCT01340625)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 43.83 |
| Ovcon® 35 Fe (Reference) | 40.73 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone Cmax (maximum observed concentration of drug substance in plasma). (NCT01344369)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 4.3306 |
| FEMCON® Fe (Reference) | 4.2282 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone AUC0-inf (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity). (NCT01344369)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 43.9982 |
| FEMCON® Fe (Reference) | 43.8819 |
Bioequivalence based on Ethinyl Estradiol AUC0-t (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time of last measurable concentration). (NCT01344369)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 1916.2311 |
| FEMCON® Fe (Reference) | 1987.6311 |
Bioequivalence based on Norethindrone AUC0-t (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time of last measurable concentration). (NCT01344369)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 37.8065 |
| FEMCON® Fe (Reference) | 37.3991 |
Bioequivalence based on Ethinyl Estradiol Cmax (maximum observed concentration of drug substance in plasma). (NCT01344369)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 137.6758 |
| FEMCON® Fe (Reference) | 137.8485 |
Bioequivalence based on Ethinyl Estradiol AUC0-inf (area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity). (NCT01344369)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 60 hour period.
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Test) | 2072.5423 |
| FEMCON® Fe (Reference) | 2152.3775 |
"Participants recorded the previous days' presence and severity of bleeding every morning in an electronic diary (eDiary) according to the Mansfield-Voda-Jorgenson Menstrual Bleeding Scale:~1 (Spotting): A drop or 2 of blood, not even requiring sanitary protection.~2 (Very light): Needing to change the least absorbent tampon or pad 1 to 2 times per day.~3 (Light): Needing to change a low or regular absorbency tampon or pad 2 or 3 times per day.~4 (Moderate): Needing to change a regular absorbency tampon or pad every 3 to 4 hours.~5 (Heavy): Needing to change a high absorbency tampon or pad every 3 to 4 hours.~6 (Very heavy/gushing): Very heavy bleeding, protection hardly works at all; needing to change the highest absorbency tampon or pad every hour or 2.~A day with moderate to very heavy bleeding is defined as a days with a bleeding score ≥ 3." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline (average bleeding score over the 30 days prior to first dose) and month 3 (average bleeding score over days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | percentage of days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | -7.22 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -5.00 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | -4.00 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -7.03 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | -3.08 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | -7.92 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -6.15 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -8.02 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | -3.31 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | -6.80 |
"Participants recorded the previous days' presence and severity of bleeding every morning in an electronic diary (eDiary) according to the Mansfield-Voda-Jorgenson Menstrual Bleeding Scale:~1 (Spotting): A drop or 2 of blood, not even requiring sanitary protection.~2 (Very light): Needing to change the least absorbent tampon or pad 1 to 2 times per day.~3 (Light): Needing to change a low or regular absorbency tampon or pad 2 or 3 times per day.~4 (Moderate): Needing to change a regular absorbency tampon or pad every 3 to 4 hours.~5 (Heavy): Needing to change a high absorbency tampon or pad every 3 to 4 hours.~6 (Very heavy/gushing): Very heavy bleeding, protection hardly works at all; needing to change the highest absorbency tampon or pad every hour or 2.~A day with any uterine bleeding is defined as a days with a bleeding score ≥ 1." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline (average bleeding score over the 30 days prior to first dose) and month 3 (average bleeding score over days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | percentage of days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | -15.22 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -11.00 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | -5.78 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -15.82 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | -6.99 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 3.63 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -15.38 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -16.91 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | -13.95 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 1.73 |
The volume of the largest fibroid was determined using transabdominal ultrasound. The images were analyzed by a central imaging center. (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 3 or the final visit during the treatment period for participants who prematurely discontinued.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 57 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 52 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 33 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 68 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 35 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 58 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 60 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 55 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 27 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 48 |
"Suppression of bleeding is defined as no record of bleeding (spotting allowed) in the e-diary and no record of bleeding Indicated in the alkaline hematin data during the last 56 days of treatment.~Amenorrhea is defined as no record of bleeding or spotting indicated in the e-diary and no record of bleeding or spotting Indicated in the alkaline hematin data during the last 56 days of treatment." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: The last 56 days of treatment (approximately days 33 to 90)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Suppression of bleeding | Amenorrhea | |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 66 | 44 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 0 | 0 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 79 | 66 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 0 | 0 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 31 | 19 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 45 | 31 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 66 | 60 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 0 | 0 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 77 | 73 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 32 | 19 |
"The percentage of subjects with changes in hemoglobin concentration from Baseline to Month 3 in each of the following categories:~No change from baseline in hemoglobin~Decrease from baseline in hemoglobin ≥ -0.5 g/dL~Decrease from baseline in hemoglobin ≥ -1.0 g/dL~Increase from baseline in hemoglobin ≥ 0.5 g/dL~Increase from baseline in hemoglobin ≥ 1.0 g/dL~The above categories are not all mutually exclusive or exhaustive." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Change | Decreases from -0.5 to 0 g/dL | Decreases from -1.0 to -0.5 g/dL | Increase ≥ 0.5 g/dL | Increase ≥ 1.0 g/dL | |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 0 | 4 | 11 | 67 | 59 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 0 | 21 | 14 | 29 | 29 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 52 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 0 | 21 | 7 | 29 | 29 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 0 | 14 | 0 | 75 | 43 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 0 | 17 | 4 | 71 | 71 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 0 | 9 | 4 | 78 | 61 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 9 | 0 | 27 | 18 | 9 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 4 | 4 | 4 | 83 | 57 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 5 | 5 | 10 | 71 | 62 |
"Participants recorded the previous days' presence and severity of bleeding every morning in an eDiary according to the Mansfield-Voda-Jorgenson Menstrual Bleeding Scale:~1 (Spotting): A drop or 2 of blood, not even requiring sanitary protection.~2 (Very light): Needing to change the least absorbent tampon or pad 1 to 2 times per day.~3 (Light): Needing to change a low or regular absorbency tampon or pad 2 or 3 times per day.~4 (Moderate): Needing to change a regular absorbency tampon or pad every 3 to 4 hours.~5 (Heavy): Needing to change a high absorbency tampon or pad every 3 to 4 hours.~6 (Very heavy/gushing): Very heavy bleeding, protection hardly works at all; needing to change the highest absorbency tampon or pad every hour or 2.~Any bleeding is defined as a score ≥ 1 and moderate to very heavy bleeding is defined as a score ≥ 3." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Month 3 (average bleeding score over days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any bleeding | Moderate to Very Heavy Bleeding | |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 47 | 28 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 94 | 82 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 26 | 7 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 80 | 73 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 78 | 31 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 57 | 40 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 37 | 27 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 93 | 87 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 27 | 15 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 69 | 35 |
"The alkaline hematin method was used for the assessment of MBL. Sanitary products were collected at screening and for any spotting or bleeding episodes that occurred during treatment.~Participants with missing MBL volume for the last treatment period and no bleeding indicated in the electronic daily bleeding diary (eDiary) in the last treatment period, and participants with no post-baseline MBL data were assigned an MBL value of zero." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline (last menstrual cycle during the screening period) and the last 28 days of treatment (approximately days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from Baseline | |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 335.11 | -272.97 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 251.72 | -79.00 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 206.27 | -202.57 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 349.17 | -175.31 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 247.70 | -192.33 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 269.36 | -184.69 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 213.70 | -183.97 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 321.73 | -10.46 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 215.62 | -189.05 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 257.99 | -216.15 |
The uterine fibroid daily symptom scale is self-administered questionnaire, with a scale that ranges from 0 to 10 for the symptoms of pelvic pain, fatigue, and cramping and the impact of uterine fibroids on the subject's daily life, with 0 being the absence of the symptom and 10 being the worst severity of the symptoms or completely preventing the subjects from performing daily activities. Participants self-reported values daily in the e-Diary. (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline (average score over the 30 days prior to first dose) and month 3 (average score over days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pelvic pain | Fatigue | Menstrual cramping | Impact of uterine fibroids | |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.9 | -1.0 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | -1.4 | -0.5 | -1.2 | -1.0 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -1.0 | -1.5 | -1.2 | -1.3 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | -1.2 | -0.5 | -1.0 | -1.0 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | -1.1 | -1.2 | -0.9 | -0.9 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -0.2 | -0.0 | -0.7 | -0.4 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | -1.0 | -0.5 | -1.2 | -1.1 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | -0.3 | -0.6 | -0.5 | -0.8 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -0.9 | -1.0 | -1.1 | -1.7 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | -2.4 | -2.1 | -1.3 | -3.1 |
"The UFS-QoL is a disease-specific, self-administered, validated questionnaire developed to evaluate the symptoms associated with uterine fibroids and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids. The questionnaire consists of 37 questions, divided into 2 parts: 1) an 8-item symptom severity scale and 2) a 29-item HRQL subscale comprising 6 domains (concern, activities, energy/mood, control, self-consiousness, and sexual function), with a 4-week recall. All items are scored on a 5-point scale, ranging from not at all to a very great deal for symptom severity items and none of the time to all of the time for the HRQL items. Symptom severity and HRQL subscale scores were summed and transformed into a 0 to 100 point scale to provide a total score for each of the 2 components.~Lower symptom severity scores indicate better quality of life and higher total HRQL scores indicate better quality of life." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 3
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptom severity | HRQL total | |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -31.6 | 36.0 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | -21.4 | 18.3 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -44.1 | 33.5 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | -12.0 | 11.0 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | -20.3 | 28.6 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -33.2 | 29.1 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | -39.0 | 35.3 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | -19.6 | 16.3 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -36.4 | 29.9 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | -39.1 | 33.1 |
"The Subject Intention Questionnaire (SSIQ) is a non-validated, exploratory questionnaires intended to evaluate the subject's intent to undergo surgical procedures if current endometriosis-associated symptoms continued. The scoring scale ranged from 0 (not at all likely to consider surgery) to 10 (very likely to consider surgery).~SSIQ included the 2 following questions:~How likely are you to consider having myomectomy surgery to treat your uterine fibroid if your symptoms continue as they are now?~How likely are you to consider hysterectomy surgery if your uterine fibroid symptoms continue as they are now?" (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 3
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Likelihood of having myomectomy | Likelihood of having hysterectomy | |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -1.8 | -0.8 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 2.3 | -0.3 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -0.6 | 0.2 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | -1.4 | -0.7 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -3.1 | -1.9 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | -1.2 | 0.0 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -1.7 | -0.8 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 0.1 | -1.5 |
"The Physician Intention Questionnaire (PSIQ) is a non-validated, exploratory questionnaire intended to evaluate the investigator's intent to recommend surgical procedures if current endometriosis-associated symptoms continued. The scoring scale ranged from 0 (not at all likely to recommend surgery) to 10 (very likely to recommend surgery).~The PSIQ included the 2 following questions:~How likely are you to recommend myomectomy to treat this patient's uterine fibroid if her symptoms continue as they are now?~How likely are you to recommend definitive surgery hysterectomy for this patient if her uterine fibroid symptoms continue as they are now?" (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 3
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Likelihood to recommend myomectomy | Likelihood to recommend hysterectomy | |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -0.8 | -2.2 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -1.2 | -1.5 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 0.0 | -0.6 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | -0.6 | -1.4 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -1.3 | -1.8 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | -0.9 | -0.8 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | -2.7 | -0.2 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -1.3 | -2.3 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 0.0 | -2.8 |
"The alkaline hematin method was used for the assessment of MBL. Sanitary products were collected at screening and for any spotting or bleeding episodes that occurred during treatment.~Participants with missing MBL volume for the last treatment period and no bleeding indicated in the electronic daily bleeding diary (eDiary) in the last treatment period, and participants with no post-baseline MBL data were assigned an MBL value of zero." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: The last 28 days of treatment (approximately days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 84 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 74 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 13 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 85 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 22 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 88 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 93 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 97 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 47 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 88 |
"The alkaline hematin method was used for the assessment of MBL. Sanitary products were collected at screening and for any spotting or bleeding episodes that occurred during treatment.~Participants with missing MBL volume for the last treatment period and no bleeding indicated in the electronic daily bleeding diary (eDiary) in the last treatment period, and participants with no post-baseline MBL data were assigned an MBL value of zero." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline (last menstrual cycle during the screening period) and the last 28 days of treatment (approximately days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 84 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 74 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 13 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 85 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 17 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 85 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 93 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 97 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 33 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 85 |
"The alkaline hematin method was used for the assessment of MBL. Sanitary products were collected at screening and for any spotting or bleeding episodes that occurred during treatment.~Participants with missing MBL volume for the last treatment period and no bleeding indicated in the electronic daily bleeding diary (eDiary) in the last treatment period, and participants with no post-baseline MBL data were assigned an MBL value of zero." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline (last menstrual cycle during the screening period) and the last 28 days of treatment (approximately days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 84 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 74 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 13 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 91 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 28 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 85 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 93 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 97 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 40 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 88 |
Uterine volume was determined using transabdominal ultrasound. The images were analyzed by a central imaging center. (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 3 or the final visit during the treatment period for participants who prematurely discontinued.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 53 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 43 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 7 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 48 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 11 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 42 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 56 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 69 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 7 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 25 |
"The alkaline hematin method was used for the assessment of MBL. Sanitary products were collected at screening and for any spotting or bleeding episodes that occurred during treatment.~Participants with missing MBL volume for the last treatment period and no bleeding indicated in the electronic daily bleeding diary (eDiary) in the last treatment period, and participants with no post-baseline MBL data were assigned an MBL value of zero." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline (last menstrual cycle during the screening period) and the last 28 days of treatment (approximately days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | -83.83 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -71.85 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | -6.98 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -81.03 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | -11.12 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | -79.60 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -88.58 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -97.31 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | -42.64 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | -85.39 |
The volume of the largest fibroid was determined using transabdominal ultrasound. The images were analyzed by a central imaging center. (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 3
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 14.23 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -22.19 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | -7.26 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -38.52 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | -2.05 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | -25.77 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -16.60 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -35.79 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 6.70 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | -4.94 |
Uterine volume was determined using transabdominal ultrasound. The images were analyzed by a central imaging center. (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 3
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | -21.01 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -21.37 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | 18.72 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -21.68 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | -8.62 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | -17.43 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -27.99 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -33.25 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | -1.92 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | -10.06 |
(NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3
| Intervention | g/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | 1.18 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | 1.30 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | -0.43 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | 1.13 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | 0.28 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | 0.92 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | 1.40 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | 1.19 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | 0.31 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | 1.54 |
"Participants recorded the previous days' presence and severity of bleeding every morning in an electronic diary (eDiary) according to the Mansfield-Voda-Jorgenson Menstrual Bleeding Scale:~1 (Spotting): A drop or 2 of blood, not even requiring sanitary protection.~2 (Very light): Needing to change the least absorbent tampon or pad 1 to 2 times per day.~3 (Light): Needing to change a low or regular absorbency tampon or pad 2 or 3 times per day.~4 (Moderate): Needing to change a regular absorbency tampon or pad every 3 to 4 hours.~5 (Heavy): Needing to change a high absorbency tampon or pad every 3 to 4 hours.~6 (Very heavy/gushing): Very heavy bleeding, protection hardly works at all; needing to change the highest absorbency tampon or pad every hour or 2." (NCT01441635)
Timeframe: Baseline (average bleeding score over the 30 days prior to first dose) and month 3 (average bleeding score over days 61 to 90)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 400 mg QD | -0.50 |
| Cohort 4 Elagolix 100 mg BID | -0.37 |
| Cohort 4 Placebo | -0.19 |
| Cohort 1 Elagolix 200 mg BID | -0.52 |
| Cohort 1 Placebo | -0.22 |
| Cohort 3 Elagolix 200 mg BID + LD E2/NETA | -0.24 |
| Cohort 5 Elagolix 600 mg QD | -0.44 |
| Cohort 2 Elagolix 300 mg BID | -0.53 |
| Cohort 2 Placebo | -0.38 |
| Cohort 6 Elagolix 300 mg BID + CEP | -0.25 |
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours post-dose on Day 21 (NCT01667978)
Timeframe: following 21 days of continuous ingestion
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Protease Inhibitor | 37.81 |
| Control | 25.21 |
The percentage of participants meeting a composite endpoint consisting of these 2 bleeding assessments: a MBL Volume of < 80 mL at the Final Month and a ≥50% Reduction in MBL Volume from Baseline to the Final Month (last 28 days of treatment). Baseline is defined as the last qualified menstrual cycle during the screening period. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Final Month (last 28 days of treatment)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 26.56 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 91.94 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 85.25 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 79.03 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 31.58 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 90.14 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 72.6 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 81.58 |
The percentage of participants meeting a composite endpoint consisting of these 2 bleeding assessments: a MBL volume < 80 mL and a ≥ 50% reduction in MBL volume from baseline during the last 84 to 57 days of last treatment. Baseline is defined as the last qualified menstrual cycle during the screening period. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, third last 28 days of treatment (last 84 to 57 days of treatment)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 19.67 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 96.43 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 89.47 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 79.31 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 21.62 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 86.36 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 74.19 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 72.31 |
Uterine volume was measured by transvaginal ultrasound or transabdominal ultrasound. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, and Final Visit during treatment period (Month 6 or early termination)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Final Visit | |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 73.1 | 78.7 | 73.2 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 42.9 | 58.0 | 58.9 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 18.5 | 31.9 | 26.8 |
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 5.2 | 2.0 | 3.4 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 57.1 | 62.5 | 63.1 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 36.8 | 32.7 | 29.3 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 17.5 | 26.0 | 23.4 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
The percentage of participants meeting a composite endpoint consisting of these 2 bleeding assessments: a MBL volume < 80 mL and a ≥ 50% reduction in MBL volume from baseline during the last 56 to 29 days of last treatment. Baseline is defined as the last qualified menstrual cycle during the screening period. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, second last 28 days of treatment (last 56 to 29 days of treatment)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 11.29 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 94.83 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 88.14 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 85.00 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 18.42 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 85.29 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 67.19 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 77.14 |
The average bleeding score was calculated for each 28-day interval starting on Day 29 using data collected on daily bleeding diary using the Mansfield-Voda-Jorgenson (MVJ) Menstrual Bleeding Scale (1=spotting, 2 = very light bleeding, 3 = light bleeding, 4 = moderate bleeding, 5 = heavy bleeding, 6 = very heavy/gushing bleeding). Baseline is defined as the last 28 days prior to the first day of study drug. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Final Month (last 28 days of treatment)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | -0.3 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | -0.7 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -0.4 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -0.1 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | -0.2 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | -0.4 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -0.3 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -0.1 |
Baseline is defined as the last measurement prior to the first dose of study drug. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Final Visit during treatment period (Month 6 or early termination)
| Intervention | g/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 0.6 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 1.9 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 1.9 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 1.4 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 0.3 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 1.4 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 1.1 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 1.2 |
The number of days with any bleeding including spotting was calculated using data collected on daily bleeding diary. Baseline is defined as the last 28 days prior to the first dose day of study drug. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6
| Intervention | days (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | -1.2 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | -4.9 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -2.7 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -1.1 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | -1.4 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | -3.3 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -1.3 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -1.8 |
Percentage of participants with a >= 50% reduction from baseline in MBL to the Final Month (last 28 days of treatment). Baseline is defined as the last qualified menstrual cycle during the screening period. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Final Month (last 28 days of treatment)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 31.25 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 93.55 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 86.89 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 82.26 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 35.53 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 90.14 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 79.45 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 85.53 |
Suppression of bleeding is defined as having 0 days of bleeding based on observed validated and nonvalidated alkaline hematin data and having 0 days of bleeding (spotting is allowed) based on imputed electronic diary data during the last 56 days of treatment. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Last 56 days of treatment (after 10 days from first dose date)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 1.6 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 75.4 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 52.6 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 43.3 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 2.7 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 67.2 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 31.7 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 34.8 |
Percentage of participants who achieved an MBL volume of < 80 mL at the Final Month (last 28 days of treatment). Baseline is defined as the last qualified menstrual cycle during the screening period. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Final Month (last 28 days of treatment)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 32.81 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 91.94 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 88.52 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 79.03 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 36.84 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 91.55 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 72.6 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 85.53 |
Amenorrhea is defined as having 0 days of bleeding or spotting based on observed validated and nonvalidated alkaline hematin data and having 0 days of bleeding or spotting, based on imputed electronic diary data during the last 56 days of treatment. Participants needed to have at least 66 days on treatment. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Last 56 days of treatment (after 10 days from first dose date)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 1.6 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 56.1 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 33.3 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 28.3 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 1.3 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 50.7 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 17.5 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 22.7 |
The number of days with heavy bleeding (either heavy or very heavy/gushing bleeding) was calculated using data collected on daily bleeding diary. Baseline is defined as the last 28 days prior to the first dose day of study drug. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6
| Intervention | days (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Placebo | -1.0 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | -2.0 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -1.9 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -1.7 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | -0.7 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | -1.2 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -1.4 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -1.8 |
The NBUFSQ (8 items) is a brief patient-reported daily diary that assesses non-bleeding symptoms experienced by women with uterine fibroids. It includes 6 items, asking women to rate their symptoms (abdominal/pelvic pain, pressure, and cramping, back pain, bloating, and urinary problems) in the past 24 hours using an 11-point numeric response scale that ranges from 0 (i.e., no symptom) to 10 (i.e., worst possible symptom) and 2 items to address urinary frequency during the daytime and at night. Data presented in the sum of scores to the 6 symptom questions, ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 60 (worst possible symptoms). Baseline is defined as the last 28 days prior to the first day of study drug. Final Month is defined as the last 28 days prior to and including the last dose date of study drug. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Days 1-28, Days 29-56, Days 57-84, Days 85-112, Days 113-140, Days 141-168, Final Month of treatment, Post-treatment (PT) Days 1-28, PT Days 29-56, PT Days 57-84, PT Days 85-112, PT Days 113-140, PT Days 141-168
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days 1-28 | Days 29-56 | Days 57-84 | Days 85-112 | Days 113-140 | Days 141-168 | Final Month | PT Days 1-28 | PT Days 29-56 | PT Days 57-84 | PT Days 85-112 | PT Days 113-140 | PT Days 141-168 | |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | -3.4 | -5.8 | -7.2 | -7.8 | -7.6 | -8.0 | -6.7 | -5.2 | -4.1 | -4.0 | -6.4 | -3.1 | -8.0 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -3.1 | -4.4 | -4.1 | -5.2 | -5.3 | -5.1 | -4.1 | -3.8 | -1.0 | -2.1 | -4.8 | 1.3 | 4.1 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -1.4 | -2.9 | -3.2 | -3.7 | -3.4 | -3.3 | -3.5 | -3.0 | 0.0 | -1.1 | 0.7 | 1.4 | -3.3 |
| Cohort 1: Placebo | -3.3 | -4.5 | -5.6 | -7.0 | -4.1 | -6.8 | -5.3 | -5.6 | -5.7 | -5.4 | -4.4 | 3.4 | 7.5 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | -2.7 | -4.2 | -4.5 | -5.1 | -5.5 | -5.9 | -4.0 | -3.8 | -2.8 | -2.0 | -2.4 | -17.3 | -3.1 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -2.1 | -2.2 | -2.2 | -3.6 | -4.0 | -4.4 | -3.3 | -2.0 | -2.7 | -1.6 | -3.0 | -5.6 | -3.3 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 0.0 | -2.3 | -3.8 | -4.1 | -5.3 | -4.8 | -2.3 | -2.3 | -2.5 | -3.9 | -5.0 | -7.0 | -6.4 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 0.4 | -0.3 | 0.1 | -0.2 | 0.1 | -0.4 | -0.8 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -2.7 | -6.2 | -10.5 |
Volume of the largest fibroid (primary fibroid), as measured by transvaginal ultrasound, or transabdominal ultrasound. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, and Final Visit during treatment period (Month 6 or early termination)
| Intervention | percentage change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Final Visit | |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | -35.5 | -36.1 | -35.6 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -20.3 | -19.6 | 20.0 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -3.7 | 0.0 | -2.7 |
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 6.9 | 13.2 | 9.0 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | -33.6 | -33.5 | -34.8 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -17.2 | -12.2 | -12.8 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -1.9 | -0.7 | 0.0 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 6.7 | 1.4 | 3.0 |
Volume of the total fibroid volume (3 largest fibroids), as measured by transvaginal ultrasound, or transabdominal ultrasound. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, and Final Visit during treatment period (Month 6 or early termination)
| Intervention | percentage change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Final Visit | |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | -41.9 | -40.2 | -39.6 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -24.6 | -23.3 | -24.0 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -9.8 | -8.8 | -12.9 |
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 1.7 | 8.3 | 4.6 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | -34.4 | -34.2 | -36.4 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -17.5 | -17.8 | -16.6 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -4.6 | -1.1 | -1.6 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 5.4 | -1.8 | 0.1 |
Uterine volume, as measured by transvaginal ultrasound or transabdominal ultrasound. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, and Final Visit during treatment period (Month 6 or early termination)
| Intervention | percentage change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Final Visit | |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | -30.9 | -35.6 | -31.5 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -19.4 | -21.9 | -22.0 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -7.3 | -13.2 | -11.8 |
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 7.3 | 17.5 | 15.9 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | -24.7 | -26.00 | -26.6 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | -15.7 | -13.5 | -11.5 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | -6.1 | -9.0 | -6.7 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 8.4 | 10.7 | 11.6 |
Volume of the largest fibroid (primary fibroid) was measured by transvaginal ultrasound or transabdominal ultrasound. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, and Final Visit during treatment period (Month 6 or early termination)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Final Visit | |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 67.3 | 70.5 | 69.8 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 46.2 | 47.9 | 50.0 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 23.4 | 26.2 | 27.5 |
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 13.2 | 24.4 | 24.5 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 63.2 | 64.0 | 66.1 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 37.7 | 38.6 | 40.0 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 22.4 | 34.8 | 30.0 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 10.9 | 14.5 | 13.6 |
Total fibroid volume (3 largest fibroids) was measured by transvaginal ultrasound, or transabdominal ultrasound. (NCT01817530)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, and Final Visit during treatment period (Month 6 or early termination)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Final Visit | |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID | 79.6 | 75.0 | 73.6 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 50.0 | 54.2 | 57.4 |
| Cohort 1: Elagolix 300 mg BID Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 31.9 | 40.5 | 41.2 |
| Cohort 1: Placebo | 13.2 | 24.4 | 24.5 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD | 66.7 | 62.0 | 64.4 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus LD E2/NETA QD | 34.0 | 40.9 | 40.0 |
| Cohort 2: Elagolix 600 mg QD Plus SD E2/NETA QD | 22.4 | 34.8 | 30.0 |
| Cohort 2: Placebo | 9.4 | 18.2 | 16.7 |
"Bothersome bleeding was defined per WHO classification as either frequent bleeding (greater than 5 bleeding-spotting episodes in a 90-day reference period) or prolonged bleeding (any bleeding-spotting episode, uninterrupted, lasting greater than 14 days in a 90-day reference period)~The scale used was derived from the WHO classification system:~Bleeding Day (assigned value = 1) Spotting Day (assigned value = .5) Bleeding Free Day (assigned value = 0) Prefer not to answer today (assigned value = missing)~Higher scores (average of the time period) indicate more bothersome bleeding; low scores indicate less bothersome bleeding. Less bothersome bleeding is the desired outcome.~Note, the scale is not a published scale but rather was constructed for this study." (NCT02353247)
Timeframe: Initial 3 months of baseline collection (medicine free); For intervention group, 3 months of medicine, followed by 3 months of medicine free; For control group, 6 months of medicine free.
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Control Group T1 | 2.73 |
| Control Group T2 | 2.77 |
| Control Group T3 | 2.76 |
| Intervention Group T1 | 2.27 |
| Intervention Group T2 | 2.65 |
| Intervention Group T3 | 2.67 |
"visual analog scale, minimum=0 and maximum=10 Higher numbers are a worse outcome~Outcome measures is calculated as the value at 6 months minus value at baseline." (NCT02542410)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone Acetate 5 mg | -0.5 |
| Cabergoline 0.5 mg | -5 |
"Brief Pain Inventory Interference subscale is a 7-item self-report measure, designed to assess the extent to which pain interferes with various components of functioning, including physical and emotional functioning and sleep.The items in this scale can be grouped into those that assess physical functioning (general activity; walking ability; normal work, including both work outside the home and housework), those that assess emotional functioning (mood; relations with people; enjoyment of life), and a single item that assess the extent to which pain interferes with sleep. The arithmetic mean of the seven interference items is used as a measure of pain interference (i.e., how much a participant's pain interferes with her ability to complete activities of daily living and functioning). The score on the pain interference subscale ranges from 0-70. Higher scores are worse outcomes.~Outcome measure calculated as the value at 6 months minus the value at baseline" (NCT02542410)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Norethindrone Acetate 5 mg | 0.85 |
| Cabergoline 0.5 mg | 0 |
(NCT02654054)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline), Month 1
| Intervention | mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -19.0 |
| Elagolix | -209.0 |
| Elagolix + Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate | -135.2 |
"Baseline MBL volume was defined as the mean of total MBL volume from all the qualified menstrual cycles during the Screening Period, in which the total MBL volume is from all validated and non-validated sanitary products and the MBL volume of validated sanitary products only (excluding non-validated sanitary products) was greater than 80 mL.~The Reference Day is defined as the last visit date during the Treatment Period (last treatment visit date) or the last dose date if there are evaluable alkaline hematin data after the last treatment visit date and prior to or on the last dose date." (NCT02654054)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline), Final Month (the last 28 days prior to and including the Reference Day), up to Month 6
| Intervention | mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.8 |
| Elagolix | -221.5 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -176.7 |
"Suppression of bleeding is defined as having 0 days of bleeding (spotting is allowed) during the Final Month with the interval starting from Study Day 11.~The Reference Day is defined as the last visit date during the Treatment Period (last treatment visit date) or the last dose date if there are evaluable alkaline hematin data after the last treatment visit date and prior to or on the last dose date." (NCT02654054)
Timeframe: Final Month (the last 28 days prior to and including the Reference Day), up to Month 6
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.4 |
| Elagolix | 84.0 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | 56.8 |
(NCT02654054)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 16.1 |
| Elagolix | 65.9 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | 61.5 |
"Percentage of responders, defined as participants who met the following conditions:~Menstrual blood loss (MBL) volume < 80 mL during the Final Month (the last 28 days prior to and including the Reference Day, which is defined as the last visit date during the Treatment Period [last treatment visit date] or the last dose date if there are evaluable alkaline hematin data after the last treatment visit date and prior to or on the last dose date), and~≥ 50% reduction in MBL volume from Baseline to the Final Month.~Participants who prematurely discontinued study drug due to lack of efficacy, requires surgery or invasive intervention for treatment of uterine fibroids, or adverse events were considered non-responders regardless of whether she meets the two aforementioned responder criteria or not." (NCT02654054)
Timeframe: Final Month (the last 28 days prior to and including the Reference Day), up to Month 6
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 8.7 |
| Elagolix | 84.1 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | 68.5 |
(NCT02654054)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.3 |
| Elagolix | -236.2 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -194.7 |
(NCT02654054)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline), Month 3
| Intervention | mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.1 |
| Elagolix | -234.7 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -192.2 |
"Suppression of bleeding is defined as having 0 days of bleeding (spotting is allowed) during the Final Month with the interval starting from Study Day 11.~The Reference Day is defined as the last visit date during the Treatment Period (last treatment visit date) or the last dose date if there are evaluable alkaline hematin data after the last treatment visit date and prior to or on the last dose date." (NCT02691494)
Timeframe: Final Month (the last 28 days prior to and including the Reference Day), up to Month 6
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.7 |
| Elagolix | 88.9 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | 61.0 |
"Baseline MBL volume was defined as the mean of total MBL volume from all the qualified menstrual cycles during the Screening Period, in which the total MBL volume is from all validated and non-validated sanitary products and the MBL volume of validated sanitary products only (excluding non-validated sanitary products) was greater than 80 mL.~The Reference Day is defined as the last visit date during the Treatment Period (last treatment visit date) or the last dose date if there are evaluable alkaline hematin data after the last treatment visit date and prior to or on the last dose date." (NCT02691494)
Timeframe: Baseline and Final Month (the last 28 days prior to and including the Reference Day), up to Month 6
| Intervention | mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.3 |
| Elagolix | -198.8 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -168.8 |
Baseline MBL volume was defined as the mean of total MBL volume from all the qualified menstrual cycles during the Screening Period, in which the total MBL volume is from all validated and non-validated sanitary products and the MBL volume of validated sanitary products only (excluding non-validated sanitary products) was greater than 80 mL. (NCT02691494)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 28.5 |
| Elagolix | -223.7 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -198.1 |
"Percentage of responders, defined as participants who met the following conditions:~Menstrual blood loss (MBL) volume < 80 mL during the Final Month (the last 28 days prior to and including the Reference Day, which is defined as the last visit date during the Treatment Period (last treatment visit date) or the last dose date if there are evaluable alkaline hematin data after the last treatment visit date and prior to or on the last dose date), and~≥ 50% reduction in MBL volume from Baseline to the Final Month.~Participants who prematurely discontinued study drug due to lack of efficacy, requires surgery or invasive intervention for treatment of uterine fibroids, or adverse events were considered non-responders regardless of whether she meets the two aforementioned responder criteria or not." (NCT02691494)
Timeframe: Final Month (the last 28 days prior to and including the Reference Day), up to Month 6
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10.5 |
| Elagolix | 76.9 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | 76.5 |
Baseline MBL volume was defined as the mean of total MBL volume from all the qualified menstrual cycles during the Screening Period, in which the total MBL volume is from all validated and non-validated sanitary products and the MBL volume of validated sanitary products only (excluding non-validated sanitary products) was greater than 80 mL. (NCT02691494)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline), Month 3
| Intervention | mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -14.2 |
| Elagolix | -211.1 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -200.3 |
Baseline MBL volume was defined as the mean of total MBL volume from all the qualified menstrual cycles during the Screening Period, in which the total MBL volume is from all validated and non-validated sanitary products and the MBL volume of validated sanitary products only (excluding non-validated sanitary products) was greater than 80 mL. (NCT02691494)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline), Month 1
| Intervention | mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.1 |
| Elagolix | -196.6 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -127.0 |
(NCT02691494)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 20.8 |
| Elagolix | 40.0 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | 50.0 |
Baseline MBL volume was defined as the mean of total MBL volume from all the qualified menstrual cycles during the Screening Period of the pivotal study, in which the total MBL volume is from all validated and non-validated sanitary products and the MBL volume of validated sanitary products only (excluding non-validated sanitary products) was greater than 80 mL. (NCT02925494)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline in Pivotal Study), Extension Study: Day 1 to 28, Day 29 to 56, Day 57 to 84, Day 85 to 112, Day 113 to 140, Day 141 to 168, Final Month of Treatment Period (up through Month 6)
| Intervention | mL (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Day 1 to 28 | Study Day 29 to 56 | Study Day 57 to 84 | Study Day 85 to 112 | Study Day 113 to 140 | Study Day 141 to 168 | Final Month | |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA->Elagolix + E2/NETA | -186.5 | -191.9 | -200.6 | -200.5 | -192.9 | -211.4 | -205.6 |
| Elagolix->Elagolix | -253.4 | -249.7 | -255.9 | -252.0 | -253.9 | -279.1 | -250.3 |
| Placebo->Elagolix | -151.7 | -210.9 | -236.9 | -235.1 | -237.3 | -263.8 | -256.6 |
| Placebo->Elagolix + E2/NETA | -61.7 | -203.1 | -209.0 | -204.5 | -194.5 | -175.4 | -186.4 |
Baseline MBL volume was defined as the mean of total MBL volume from all the qualified menstrual cycles during the Screening Period of the pivotal study, in which the total MBL volume is from all validated and non-validated sanitary products and the MBL volume of validated sanitary products only (excluding non-validated sanitary products) was greater than 80 mL. (NCT02925494)
Timeframe: Month 0 (Baseline in Pivotal Study), Extension Study: Day 1 to 28, Day 29 to 56, Day 57 to 84, Day 85 to 112, Day 113 to 140, Day 141 to 168, Final Month of Treatment Period (up through Month 6)
| Intervention | percentage change (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Day 1 to 28 | Study Day 29 to 56 | Study Day 57 to 84 | Study Day 85 to 112 | Study Day 113 to 140 | Study Day 141 to 168 | Final Month | |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA->Elagolix + E2/NETA | -87.7 | -87.8 | -90.6 | -91.2 | -87.5 | -89.7 | -90.8 |
| Elagolix->Elagolix | -94.0 | -93.3 | -96.9 | -95.2 | -97.7 | -99.2 | -96.6 |
| Placebo->Elagolix | -46.5 | -87.2 | -89.9 | -90.3 | -90.0 | -91.8 | -91.0 |
| Placebo->Elagolix + E2/NETA | -28.2 | -79.4 | -82.9 | -82.7 | -75.0 | -79.3 | -78.5 |
"Percentage of responders, defined as participants who met the following conditions:~Menstrual blood loss (MBL) volume < 80 mL during the Final Month (the last 28 days prior to and including the last dose date), and~≥ 50% reduction in MBL volume from Baseline to the Final Month.~Participants who prematurely discontinued study drug due to lack of efficacy, requires surgery or invasive intervention for treatment of uterine fibroids, or adverse events were considered non-responders regardless of whether she meets the two aforementioned responder criteria or not." (NCT02925494)
Timeframe: From Month 0 (Baseline in Pivotal Study) to Final Month of Treatment Period (up through Month 6 in Extension Study)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo->Elagolix | 85.7 |
| Placebo->Elagolix + E2/NETA | 66.7 |
| Elagolix->Elagolix | 89.4 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA->Elagolix + E2/NETA | 87.9 |
(NCT02925494)
Timeframe: Month 6
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo->Elagolix | 70.6 |
| Placebo->Elagolix + E2/NETA | 36.4 |
| Elagolix->Elagolix | 71.4 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA->Elagolix + E2/NETA | 72.5 |
Suppression of bleeding is defined as having 0 days of bleeding (spotting is allowed) during the Final Month with the interval starting from Study Day 11. (NCT02925494)
Timeframe: Final Month of Treatment Period (up through Month 6)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo->Elagolix | 88.7 |
| Placebo->Elagolix + E2/NETA | 56.0 |
| Elagolix->Elagolix | 89.2 |
| Elagolix->Elagolix + E2/NETA | 74.8 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -0.05 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 3.00 |
"The Bleeding and Pelvic Discomfort Scale consists of 3 items proximal to uterine fibroids that are experienced by most patients (heavy bleeding during the menstrual period [Question 1], passing blood clots during the menstrual period [Question 2], and feeling tightness or pressure in the pelvic area [Question 5]).Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -45.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -16.1 |
"The UFS-QoL total score was the sum of 6 subscales (concern, activities, energy/mood, control, self-conscious, and sexual function). The raw scores were transformed to normalized scores. Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores are indicative of better health-related quality of life (high = good).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 38.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 12.8 |
"Uterine fibroid-associated pain was assessed by a pain NRS. The pain NRS is a validated, single-item, self-reported measure, which asks respondents to rank their pain on an 11-point scale as follows: 0 (no pain), 1 to 3 (mild pain), 4 to 6 (moderate pain), and 7 to 10 (severe pain).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to the last 35 days of treatment (up to 24 weeks)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 33 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 11 |
"Uterine fibroid-associated pain was assessed by a pain NRS. The pain NRS is a validated, single-item, self-reported measure, which asks respondents to rank their pain on an 11-point scale as follows: 0 (no pain), 1 to 3 (mild pain), 4 to 6 (moderate pain), and 7 to 10 (severe pain).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 42 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 27 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 34 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 17 |
"A Responder was defined as meeting a meaningful change threshold, set as a 20-point change from Baseline, in the Bleeding And Pelvic Discomfort Scale at Week 24 on the transformed score.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 79 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 35 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 78 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 45 |
"Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine (L1, L2, L3, and L4) at Baseline and at Week 12. The scans were read by the central radiology laboratory in accordance with the imaging charter. The same DXA machine was used at the local imaging center at each site and operated in the same scan mode for all images procured for an individual participant. All images were submitted for central reading. The central radiology laboratory collected and evaluated all DXA scans for acceptability and measured BMD.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with relugolix plus delayed E2/NETA at Week 12 and are presented below." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -0.470 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.995 |
MBL volume was measured using the alkaline hematin method. As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -84.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -23.2 |
"The volume of the primary uterine fibroid was measured by transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -12.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.3 |
"The volume of the uterus was measured by transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -12.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 2.2 |
"LS means and p-value for test of difference is relugolix plus E2/NETA minus Placebo based on mixed-effect model with treatment, visit, region, Baseline MBL and treatment by visit interaction included as fixed effects.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 20.8 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 10.0 |
"An adverse event was defined as an unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. The preferred terms of hyperhidrosis, feeling hot, hot flush, night sweats, and flushing were combined to describe vasomotor symptoms. Participants with multiple events for a given preferred term were counted only once for each preferred term.~Reported CI based on exact binomial 95% CI (Clopper-Pearson).~As per the objective of the study, this secondary analysis compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with relugolix plus delayed E2/NETA at Week 12 and are presented below." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 12
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 10.94 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 36.36 |
"An adverse event was defined as an unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. The preferred terms of hyperhidrosis, feeling hot, hot flush, night sweats, and flushing were combined to describe vasomotor symptoms. Participants with multiple events for a given preferred term were counted only once for each preferred term.~Reported percentages based on the total number of participants in each treatment group.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 14.8 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 9.4 |
"A responder was a participant who had MBL volume of < 80 mL and at least a 50% reduction from baseline MBL volume over the last 35 days of treatment (up to Week 24). All returned feminine products collected at each clinical visit were analyzed by the alkaline hematin method to obtain the MBL volume. MBL volume was measured over the Week 24/early termination feminine product collection interval (up to 35 days prior to the last dose of treatment). The percentage of participants who were responders are presented.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified primary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to last 35 days of treatment (up to Week 24)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 73.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 18.9 |
"Blood samples were collected from participants for hemoglobin measurements. Percentages are based on number of participants with hemoglobin ≤ 10.5 gram (g)/deciliter (dL) at Baseline and reported at Week 24.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 50.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 21.74 |
"Uterine fibroid-associated pain was assessed by a pain numerical rating scale (NRS). The pain NRS is a validated, single-item, self-reported measure, which asks respondents to rank their pain on an 11-point scale as follows: 0 (no pain), 1 to 3 (mild pain), 4 to 6 (moderate pain), and 7 to 10 (severe pain).~Participants were asked to document, in an e-Diary, the worst pain associated with their uterine fibroids that they experienced during the last 24 hours, every day until the end of study drug administration. Pain evaluable participants, defined as those who had maximum NRS score ≥ 4 at Baseline and had at least 28 days (80% of the last 35 days of treatment) of pain scores recorded in the e-Diary, were analyzed.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 43.10 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 10.14 |
"Amenorrhea was defined as meeting 1 of the following criteria for 2 consecutive visits:~No feminine product returned due to reported amenorrhea;~No feminine product returned due to reports of spotting/negligible bleeding coupled with electronic diary (eDiary) data indicating infrequent non-cyclic bleeding/spotting;~Feminine product collection with a negligible observed MBL volume coupled with eDiary data indicating infrequent non-cyclic bleeding/spotting.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to last 35 days of treatment (up to Week 24)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 52.34 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 5.51 |
"Blood samples for determination of E2 serum concentrations were collected predose at Week 24. Relugolix and NET plasma concentrations were determined using validated bioanalytical methodology.~Concentrations below the quantification limit (BQL) were set to 0 for analysis of summary statistics. As per the objective of the study, only relugolix plus E2/NETA concentration is presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 48.34 |
"Sustained amenorrhea is defined as participants time to achieve and maintain amenorrhea until the date of last study drug.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 67 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 7 |
"Time to amenorrhea was defined as the weeks from date of first dose of study drug to the start of amenorrhea.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 5.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | NA |
"Sustained amenorrhea status as determined based on time to achieve and maintain amenorrhea status.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 11.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | NA |
"Defined as the time to achieve an MBL volume of < 80 mL and a ≥ 50% reduction from Baseline MBL volume as measured by the alkaline hematin method. MBL volume was measured using the alkaline hematin method.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 8.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 25.1 |
"The PGAs assessed participants' limitation in activities and the severity of symptoms due to uterine fibroids over the previous 4 weeks, as perceived by the participant. The PGA for function and symptoms was evaluated using a 5-point response scale (no limitation at all [1], mild limitation [2], moderate limitation [3], quite a bit of limitation [4], and extreme limitation [5]). Category improvements for symptoms are presented. A 1-category improvement would be severe at baseline to moderate.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Category improvement (-1) | 2 Category improvement (-2) | 3 Category improvement (-3) | 4 Category improvement (-4) | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 28 | 14 | 1 | 5 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 14 | 29 | 22 | 8 |
"The PGAs assessed participants' limitation in activities and the severity of symptoms due to uterine fibroids over the previous 4 weeks, as perceived by the participant. The PGA for function and symptoms was evaluated using a 5-point response scale (no limitation at all [1], mild limitation [2], moderate limitation [3], quite a bit of limitation [4], and extreme limitation [5]). Category improvements for symptoms are presented. A 1-category improvement would be severe at baseline to moderate.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Category improvement (-1) | 2 Category improvement (-2) | 3 Category improvement (-3) | 4 Category improvement (-4) | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 16 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 21 | 18 | 23 | 2 |
"BMD was assessed by DXA at the lumbar spine (L1, L2, L3, and L4), total hip, and femoral neck at Baseline and at Week 24. The scans were read by the central radiology laboratory in accordance with the imaging charter. The same DXA machine was used at the local imaging center at each site and operated in the same scan mode for all images procured for an individual participant. All images were submitted for central reading. The central radiology laboratory collected and evaluated all DXA scans for acceptability and measured BMD.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lumbar Spine (L1 to L4) | Total Hip | Femoral Neck | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 0.052 | 0.549 | 0.307 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -0.356 | 0.023 | -0.262 |
"Blood samples for determination of relugolix and NET plasma concentrations were collected predose at Week 24. Relugolix and NET plasma concentrations were determined using validated bioanalytical methodology.~Concentrations below the quantification limit (BQL) were set to 0 for analysis of summary statistics.~As per the objective of the study, only relugolix plus E2/NETA concentration is presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Relugolix | NET | |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 2.13 | 0.33 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 15 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 5 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.5 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.4 |
"The PGAs assessed participants' limitation in activities and the severity of symptoms due to uterine fibroids over the previous 4 weeks, as perceived by the participant. The PGA for symptoms is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of the severity of their symptoms related to uterine fibroids. The PGA for function and symptoms was evaluated using a 5-point response scale (no limitation at all [1], mild limitation [2], moderate limitation [3], quite a bit of limitation [4], and extreme limitation [5]).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.6 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.5 |
"Blood samples for determination of serum concentrations were collected predose at Week 24. Relugolix and NET plasma concentrations were determined using validated bioanalytical methodology.~Concentrations below the quantification limit (BQL) were set to 0 for analysis of summary statistics. As per the objective of the study, only relugolix plus E2/NETA concentration is presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -22.95 |
"The PGAs assessed participants' limitation in activities and the severity of symptoms due to uterine fibroids over the previous 4 weeks, as perceived by the participant. The PGA for symptoms is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of the severity of their symptoms related to uterine fibroids. The PGA for function and symptoms was evaluated using a 5-point response scale (no limitation at all [1], mild limitation [2], moderate limitation [3], quite a bit of limitation [4], and extreme limitation [5]).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -2.1 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.8 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -2.1 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.6 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.7 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.7 |
"The Menorrhagia Impact was evaluated using a 5-point response scale to assess level of improvement from Baseline to Week 24. Response scale: Not at all, 2. Slightly, 3.Moderately, 4. Quite a bit and 5. Extremely.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -2.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.9 |
"The Menorrhagia Impact was evaluated using a 5-point response scale to assess level of improvement from Baseline to Week 24. Response scale: Not at all, 2. Slightly, 3.Moderately, 4. Quite a bit and 5. Extremely.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.8 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 44.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 14.6 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (none of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 45.8 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 15.1 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -30.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -10.5 |
"The Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Health-Related Quality of Life (UFS-QoL) Bleeding and Pelvic Discomfort (BPD) Scale has been derived from the UFS-QoL Symptoms Scale. The scale consists of the following 3 symptoms proximal to uterine fibroids: Heavy bleeding during your menstrual period (Question [Q] 1), passing blood clots during your menstrual period (Q2), and feeling tightness or pressure in your pelvic area (Q5). raw scores were transformed to a normalized score: Transformed Score = [(Actual raw score - lowest possible raw score)/(Possible raw score range)] * 100 Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity.~As per the study objective, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only these two arms are presented." (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -45.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -16.1 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -22.95 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 51.72 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -6.25 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 0.10 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03049735)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.90 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 3.62 |
"The volume of the primary uterine fibroid was measured by transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -17.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -7.4 |
"PGAs assessed participants' limitation in activities and the severity of symptoms due to uterine fibroids over the previous 4 weeks, as perceived by the participant. The PGA for symptoms is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of the severity of their symptoms related to uterine fibroids. The PGA for function and symptoms was evaluated using a 5-point response scale (no limitation at all [1], mild limitation [2], moderate limitation [3], quite a bit of limitation [4], and extreme limitation [5]).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.7 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.8 |
"Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine (L1, L2, L3, and L4) at Baseline and at Week 12. The scans were read by the central radiology laboratory in accordance with the imaging charter. The same DXA machine was used at the local imaging center at each site and operated in the same scan mode for all images procured for an individual participant. All images were submitted for central reading. The central radiology laboratory collected and evaluated all DXA scans for acceptability and measured BMD. The LS means were based on a mixed-effect model with visit, region, Baseline MBL volume, age at Baseline, body mass index at Baseline, BMD at Baseline, race, and treatment by visit interaction included as fixed effects.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to Week 12
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -0.819 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.919 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 78 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 42 |
"Responder was defined as meeting a meaningful change threshold, set as a 20-point change from Baseline, in the Bleeding And Pelvic Discomfort Scale at Week 24 on the transformed score.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 79 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 37 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.7 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 35 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 18 |
"Blood samples for determination of E2 serum concentrations were collected predose at Week 24. Relugolix and NET plasma concentrations were determined using validated bioanalytical methodology.~Concentrations below the quantification limit (BQL) were set to 0 for analysis of summary statistics. As per the objective of the study, only relugolix plus E2/NETA concentration is presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -22.30 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 19 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 2 |
"Uterine fibroid-associated pain was assessed by a pain NRS. The pain NRS is a validated, single-item, self-reported measure, which asks respondents to rank their pain on an 11-point scale as follows: 0 (no pain), 1 to 3 (mild pain), 4 to 6 (moderate pain), and 7 to 10 (severe pain).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 48 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 34 |
"Uterine fibroid-associated pain was assessed by a pain NRS. The pain NRS is a validated, single-item, self-reported measure, which asks respondents to rank their pain on an 11-point scale as follows: 0 (no pain), 1 to 3 (mild pain), 4 to 6 (moderate pain), and 7 to 10 (severe pain).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to the last 35 days of treatment (up to 24 weeks)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 34 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 17 |
"The Bleeding and Pelvic Discomfort Scale consists of 3 items proximal to uterine fibroids that are experienced by most participants (heavy bleeding during the menstrual period [Question 1], passing blood clots during the menstrual period [Question 2], and feeling tightness or pressure in the pelvic area [Question 5]).Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -51.7 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -18.3 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 0.12 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 3.48 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -3.10 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 3.04 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -5.47 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.67 |
"The Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Health-Related Quality of Life (UFS-QoL) Bleeding and Pelvic Discomfort (BPD) Scale has been derived from the UFS-QoL Symptoms Scale. The scale consists of the following 3 symptoms proximal to uterine fibroids: Heavy bleeding during your menstrual period (Question [Q] 1), passing blood clots during your menstrual period (Q2), and feeling tightness or pressure in your pelvic area (Q5), raw scores were transformed to a normalized score: Transformed Score = [(Actual raw score - lowest possible raw score)/(Possible raw score range)]*100 Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates symptom severity.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms" (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -51.7 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -18.3 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of time, most of the time and all of the time.) Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -36.1 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -13.7 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (none of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Higher scores are indicative of better health-related quality of life (high score = good). LS means and p-value for test of difference was relugolix plus E2/NETA minus placebo based on mixed-effect model with treatment, visit, region, Baseline MBL and treatment by visit interaction included as fixed effects.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 44.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 16.5 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Higher scores are indicative of better health-related quality of life (high score = good).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 43.6 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 17.1 |
"The Menorrhagia Impact was evaluated using a 5-point response scale to assess level of improvement from Baseline to Week 24. Response scale: Not at all, 2. Slightly, 3.Moderately, 4. Quite a bit and 5. Extremely.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.8 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.0 |
"The Menorrhagia Impact was evaluated using a 5-point response scale to assess level of improvement from Baseline to Week 24. Response scale: Not at all, 2. Slightly, 3.Moderately, 4. Quite a bit and 5. Extremely.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.8 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.9 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -22.30 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 39.85 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.8 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.6 |
"Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100 based on Likert scale (None of time, a little of time, some of the time, most of the time and all of the time). Lower score indicates minimal symptom severity and higher score indicates maximum symptom severity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -2.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.7 |
"PGAs assessed participants' limitation in activities and the severity of symptoms due to uterine fibroids over the previous 4 weeks, as perceived by the participant. The PGA for symptoms is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of the severity of their symptoms related to uterine fibroids. The PGA for function and symptoms was evaluated using a 5-point response scale (no limitation at all [1], mild limitation [2], moderate limitation [3], quite a bit of limitation [4], and extreme limitation [5]).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -2.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.8 |
"Blood samples for determination of relugolix and NET plasma concentrations were collected predose at Week 24. Relugolix and NET plasma concentrations were determined using validated bioanalytical methodology.~Concentrations below the quantification limit (BQL) were set to 0 for analysis of summary statistics. As per the objective of the study, only relugolix plus E2/NETA concentration is presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Relugolix | NET | |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 1.96 | 0.28 |
"BMD was assessed by DXA at the lumbar spine (L1, L2, L3, and L4), total hip, and femoral neck (same leg across participants) at Baseline and at Week 24. The scans were read by the central radiology laboratory in accordance with the imaging charter. The same DXA machine was used at the local imaging center at each site and operated in the same scan mode for all images procured for an individual participant. All images were submitted for central reading. The central radiology laboratory collected and evaluated all DXA scans for acceptability and measured BMD. The LS means were based on a mixed-effect model with visit, region, Baseline MBL volume, age at Baseline, body mass index at Baseline, BMD at Baseline, race, and treatment by visit interaction included as fixed effects. For Relugolix plus E2/NETA Lumbar Spine (L1 to L4), number (n)=95.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only rel" (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) | Total Hip | Femoral Neck | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 0.315 | -0.044 | 0.019 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -0.126 | -0.173 | -0.684 |
"The PGAs assessed participants' limitation in activities and the severity of symptoms due to uterine fibroids over the previous 4 weeks, as perceived by the participant. The PGA for function and symptoms was evaluated using a 5-point response scale (no limitation at all [1], mild limitation [2], moderate limitation [3], quite a bit of limitation [4], and extreme limitation [5]). Category improvements for symptoms are presented. A 1-category improvement would be severe at baseline to moderate.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Category improvement (-1) | 3 Category improvement (-3) | 2 Category improvement (-2) | 4 Category improvement (-4) | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 21 | 8 | 18 | 2 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 7 | 22 | 29 | 10 |
"The PGAs assessed participants' limitation in activities and the severity of symptoms due to uterine fibroids over the previous 4 weeks, as perceived by the participant. The PGA for function and symptoms was evaluated using a 5-point response scale (no limitation at all [1], mild limitation [2], moderate limitation [3], quite a bit of limitation [4], and extreme limitation [5]). Category improvements for symptoms are presented. A 1-category improvement would be severe at Baseline to moderate.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Category improvement (-1) | 2 Category improvement (-2) | 3 Category improvement (-3) | 4 Category improvement (-4) | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 19 | 13 | 10 | 2 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 13 | 30 | 18 | 4 |
"Defined as the time to achieve an MBL volume of < 80 mL and a ≥ 50% reduction from Baseline MBL volume as measured by the alkaline hematin method.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 8.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 27.1 |
"The UFS-QoL total score was the sum of 6 subscales (concern, activities, energy/mood, control, self-conscious, and sexual function). The raw scores were transformed to normalized scores. Transformed score ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores are indicative of better health-related quality of life (high = good).~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 37.8 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 13.8 |
"Sustained amenorrhea status as determined based on time to achieve and maintain amenorrhea status.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 16.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | NA |
"Time to amenorrhea was defined as the weeks from date of first dose of study drug to the start of amenorrhea.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 8.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | NA |
"Sustained amenorrhea is defined as participants time to achieve and maintain amenorrhea until the date of last study drug.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 63 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 4 |
"Blood samples for determination of relugolix and NET plasma concentrations were collected predose at Week 24. Relugolix and NET plasma concentrations were determined using validated bioanalytical methodology.~Concentrations below the quantification limit (BQL) were set to 0 for analysis of summary statistics. As per the objective of the study, only relugolix plus E2/NETA concentration is presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 45.34 |
"Amenorrhea was defined as meeting 1 of the following criteria for 2 consecutive visits:~No feminine product returned due to reported amenorrhea;~No feminine product returned due to reports of spotting/negligible bleeding coupled with electronic diary (e-Diary) data indicating infrequent non-cyclic bleeding/spotting;~Feminine product collection with a negligible observed MBL volume coupled with e-Diary data indicating infrequent non-cyclic bleeding/spotting.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to last 35 days of treatment (up to Week 24)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 50.40 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 3.10 |
"Uterine fibroid-associated pain was assessed by a pain numerical rating scale (NRS). The pain NRS is a validated, single-item, self-reported measure, which asks respondents to rank their pain on an 11-point scale as follows: 0 (no pain), 1 to 3 (mild pain), 4 to 6 (moderate pain), and 7 to 10 (severe pain).~Participants were asked to document, in an e-Diary, the worst pain associated with their uterine fibroids that they experienced during the last 24 hours, every day until the end of study drug administration. Pain evaluable participants, defined as those who had maximum NRS score ≥ 4 at baseline and had at least 28 days (80% of the last 35 days of treatment) of pain scores recorded in the e-Diary, were analyzed.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 47.06 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 17.07 |
"Blood samples were collected from participants for hemoglobin measurements. Percentages are based on number of participants with hemoglobin ≤ 10.5 gram (g)/deciliter (dL) at Baseline and reported at Week 24.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 61.29 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 5.41 |
"A responder was a participant who had MBL volume of < 80 mL and at least a 50% reduction from baseline MBL volume over the last 35 days of treatment (up to Week 24). All returned feminine products collected at each clinical visit were analyzed by the alkaline hematin method to obtain the MBL volume. MBL volume was measured over the Week 24/early termination feminine product collection interval (up to 35 days prior to the last dose of treatment). The percentage of participants who were responders are presented.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified primary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to the last 35 days of treatment (up to Week 24)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 71.2 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 14.73 |
"An adverse event was defined as an unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. The preferred terms of hyperhidrosis, feeling hot, hot flush, night sweats, and flushing were combined to describe vasomotor symptoms. Participants with multiple events for a given preferred term were counted only once for each preferred term.~Reported percentages based on the total number of participants in each treatment group.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 6.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 3.9 |
An adverse event was defined as an unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. The preferred terms of hyperhidrosis, feeling hot, hot flush, night sweats, and flushing were combined to describe vasomotor symptoms. Participants with multiple events for a given preferred term were counted only once for each preferred term. Reported confidence interval (CI) based on exact binomial 95% CI (Clopper-Pearson). As per the objective of the study, the secondary analysis compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with relugolix plus delayed E2/NETA at Week 12 and are presented below. (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 12
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 5.56 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 35.71 |
"The volume of the uterus was measured by transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: From Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -13.8 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.5 |
As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented. (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 24.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 4.3 |
"MBL volume was measured using the alkaline hematin method. Least square (LS) means for test of difference is Relugolix plus E2/NETA minus Placebo based on mixed-effect model with treatment, visit, region, Baseline MBL, and treatment by visit interaction included as fixed effects.~As per the objective of the study, the pre-specified secondary efficacy analyses compared relugolix plus E2/NETA with placebo. Therefore, only relugolix plus E2/NETA and placebo arms are presented." (NCT03103087)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -84.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -15.1 |
"Participants assessed DYS (pain during menstruation) and its impact on their daily activities each day of their period in an e-Diary. DYS was measured by the 4-point Endometriosis Daily Pain Impact Diary according to the following:~0: No discomfort~Mild discomfort but I was easily able to do the things I usually do~Moderate discomfort or pain that made it difficult to do some of the things I usually do~Severe pain that made it difficult to do the things I usually do.~Pain scores were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.62 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -1.64 |
"Participants assessed DYSP each day in an e-Diary according to the following response options:~0: None; No discomfort during sexual intercourse~1: Mild; Able to tolerate the discomfort during sexual intercourse~2: Moderate; Intercourse was interrupted due to pain~3: Severe; Avoided intercourse because of pain~Not applicable; I was not sexually active for reasons other than endometriosis or did not have sexual intercourse.~Pain scores were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit. Responses of Not Applicable were excluded." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.40 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -0.62 |
"Participants assessed DYSP each day in an e-Diary according to the following response options:~0: None; No discomfort during sexual intercourse~1: Mild; Able to tolerate the discomfort during sexual intercourse~2: Moderate; Intercourse was interrupted due to pain~3: Severe; Avoided intercourse because of pain~Not applicable; I was not sexually active for reasons other than endometriosis or did not have sexual intercourse.~Pain scores were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit. Responses of Not Applicable were excluded." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.54 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -0.63 |
"Participants assessed DYSP each day in an e-Diary according to the following response options:~0: None; No discomfort during sexual intercourse~1: Mild; Able to tolerate the discomfort during sexual intercourse~2: Moderate; Intercourse was interrupted due to pain~3: Severe; Avoided intercourse because of pain~Not applicable; I was not sexually active for reasons other than endometriosis or did not have sexual intercourse.~Pain scores were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit. Responses of Not Applicable were excluded." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.60 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -0.70 |
The NRS measured endometriosis-associated pain with and without menstruation on an 11-point scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain ever. Site staff administered the Overall Endometriosis-Associated Pain questionnaire assessing pain over a 7-day recall period, and recorded the participant's response electronically via a tablet at the time of visit. Pain scores were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit. (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.33 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -3.79 |
"Participants recorded rescue analgesic medication for endometriosis-associated pain and assessed NMPP and its impact on their daily activities each day in an e-Diary was measured by the 4-point Endometriosis Daily Pain Impact Diary according to the following:~0: No discomfort~1: Mild discomfort but I was easily able to do the things I usually do~2: Moderate discomfort or pain that made it difficult to do some of the things I usually do~3: Severe pain that made it difficult to do the things I usually do.~Pain scores and analgesic use were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.49 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -0.65 |
"Participants recorded rescue analgesic medication for endometriosis-associated pain and assessed NMPP and its impact on their daily activities each day in an e-Diary was measured by the 4-point Endometriosis Daily Pain Impact Diary according to the following:~0: No discomfort~1: Mild discomfort but I was easily able to do the things I usually do~2: Moderate discomfort or pain that made it difficult to do some of the things I usually do~3: Severe pain that made it difficult to do the things I usually do.~Pain scores and analgesic use were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.57 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -0.78 |
"Participants recorded rescue analgesic medication for endometriosis-associated pain and assessed NMPP and its impact on their daily activities each day in an e-Diary was measured by the 4-point Endometriosis Daily Pain Impact Diary according to the following:~0: No discomfort~1: Mild discomfort but I was easily able to do the things I usually do~2: Moderate discomfort or pain that made it difficult to do some of the things I usually do~3: Severe pain that made it difficult to do the things I usually do.~Pain scores and analgesic use were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.64 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -0.86 |
The PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 6a is self-administered and composed of 6 questions to evaluate fatigue over the past 7 days. All questions employ the following five response options: 1 = Never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Often, and 5 = Always. The PROMIS Fatigue 6a score is calculated as a T-score, which is a standardized score with a mean of 50 (based on the average for the United States general population) and a standard deviation (SD) of 10. Higher scores indicate higher levels of fatigue. A decrease in score (negative change from baseline) indicates improvement in fatigue. (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12
| Intervention | T-score (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -6.43 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -8.92 |
The PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 6a is self-administered and composed of 6 questions to evaluate fatigue over the past 7 days. All questions employ the following five response options: 1 = Never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Often, and 5 = Always. The PROMIS Fatigue 6a score is calculated as a T-score, which is a standardized score with a mean of 50 (based on the average for the United States general population) and a standard deviation (SD) of 10. Higher scores indicate higher levels of fatigue. A decrease in score (negative change from baseline) indicates improvement in fatigue. (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6
| Intervention | T-score (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.71 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -7.22 |
"Participants recorded rescue analgesic use for endometriosis-associated pain daily and DYS (pain during menstruation ) and its impact on daily activities each day of their period in an electronic diary (e-Diary). DYS was measured by the 4-point Endometriosis Daily Pain Impact Diary according to the following:~0: No discomfort~1: Mild discomfort but I was easily able to do the things I usually do~2: Moderate discomfort or pain that made it difficult to do some of the things I usually do~3: Severe pain that made it difficult to do the things I usually do.~Pain scores and analgesic use were averaged over 35 days prior to each visit.~Response was defined as a reduction of -0.92 or more from baseline in DYS as well as no increase in rescue analgesic use for endometriosis-associated pain (defined as a < 15% increase in average rescue analgesic pill count and no additional analgesic)." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Month 6, Month 12
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Month 6 | Month 12 | |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | 62.8 | 63.8 |
| Placebo | 23.7 | 29.1 |
"Participants recorded rescue analgesic medication for endometriosis-associated pain and assessed NMPP and its impact on their daily activities each day in an e-Diary was measured by the 4-point Endometriosis Daily Pain Impact Diary according to the following:~0: No discomfort~1: Mild discomfort but I was easily able to do the things I usually do~2: Moderate discomfort or pain that made it difficult to do some of the things I usually do~3: Severe pain that made it difficult to do the things I usually do.~Pain scores and analgesic use were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit.~Response was defined as a reduction of -0.55 or greater from baseline for NMPP as well as no increase in rescue analgesic use for endometriosis-associated pain (defined as a < 15% increase in average pill count of rescue analgesics and no additional analgesics)." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Month 6, Month 12
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Month 6 | Month 12 | |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | 51.3 | 54.3 |
| Placebo | 36.8 | 42.3 |
The NRS measured endometriosis-associated pain with and without menstruation on an 11-point scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain ever. Site staff administered the Overall Endometriosis-Associated Pain questionnaire assessing pain over a 7-day recall period, and recorded the participant's response electronically via a tablet at the time of visit. Pain scores were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit. (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.25 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -4.39 |
The NRS measured endometriosis-associated pain with and without menstruation on an 11-point scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain ever. Site staff administered the Overall Endometriosis-Associated Pain questionnaire assessing pain over a 7-day recall period, and recorded the participant's response electronically via a tablet at the time of visit. Pain scores were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit. (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.74 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -4.12 |
"Participants assessed DYS (pain during menstruation) and its impact on their daily activities each day of their period in an e-Diary. DYS was measured by the 4-point Endometriosis Daily Pain Impact Diary according to the following:~0: No discomfort~1: Mild discomfort but I was easily able to do the things I usually do~2: Moderate discomfort or pain that made it difficult to do some of the things I usually do~3: Severe pain that made it difficult to do the things I usually do.~Pain scores were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.73 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -1.73 |
"Participants assessed DYS (pain during menstruation) and its impact on their daily activities each day of their period in an e-Diary. DYS was measured by the 4-point Endometriosis Daily Pain Impact Diary according to the following:~0: No discomfort~Mild discomfort but I was easily able to do the things I usually do~Moderate discomfort or pain that made it difficult to do some of the things I usually do~Severe pain that made it difficult to do the things I usually do.~Pain scores were averaged over the 35 days prior to each visit." (NCT03213457)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.56 |
| Elagolix + E2/NETA | -1.54 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 48.21 | 17.19 |
| Group C | 50.00 | 18.75 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 62.50 | 45.00 | 30.00 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 70.00 | 45.00 |
| Group C | 60.00 | 60.00 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 36.11 | 8.33 | 16.67 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 50.00 | 43.75 |
| Group C | 75.00 | 8.33 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 50.00 | 23.61 | 25.00 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 29.76 | 18.75 |
| Group C | 45.83 | 37.50 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 56.94 | 26.39 | 8.33 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 71.43 | 36.46 |
| Group C | 41.67 | 25.00 |
The NMPP pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Month 1 | Change at Month 2 | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 4 | Change at Month 5 | Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | -0.07 | -0.30 | -0.30 | -0.34 | -0.27 | -0.13 |
The NMPP pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Month 1 | Change at Month 2 | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 4 | |
| Group A | -0.13 | -0.48 | -0.70 | -1.34 |
| Group C | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.46 |
The dyspareunia pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Month 1 | Change at Month 2 | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 4 | Change at Month 5 | Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.29 |
The dyspareunia pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Month 1 | Change at Month 2 | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 4 | |
| Group A | -0.50 | -1.44 | -2.20 | -2.23 |
| Group C | -0.29 | -0.37 | -0.03 | -0.03 |
"The DYS pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~The analysis was based on a 28-day window. If a participant prematurely discontinued during the open-label period, based on the analysis window, some data might fall into Month 4 analysis." (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Month 1 | Change at Month 2 | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 4 | Change at Month 5 | Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | -0.04 | -0.26 | -0.34 | -0.06 | -0.16 | -0.23 |
"The DYS pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.~The analysis was based on a 28-day window. If a participant prematurely discontinued during the open-label period, based on the analysis window, some data might fall into Month 4 analysis." (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Month 1 | Change at Month 2 | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 4 | |
| Group A | 0.05 | -0.18 | -0.50 | -0.69 |
The NRS for overall endometriosis-associated pain ranges from 0 (none) to 10 (worst pain ever), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Month 1 | Change at Month 2 | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 4 | Change at Month 5 | Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | -0.89 | -2.02 | -1.81 | -1.43 | -1.40 | -1.36 |
The NRS for overall endometriosis-associated pain ranges from 0 (none) to 10 (worst pain ever), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Month 1 | Change at Month 2 | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 4 | |
| Group A | -0.86 | -2.40 | -3.70 | -6.43 |
| Group C | -0.84 | -1.40 | -1.34 | -1.06 |
Based on average pill counts and assessed using a daily e-Diary. Permitted non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) included naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and celecoxib. Permitted opioids included hydrocodone + acetaminophen and codeine phosphate + acetaminophen. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | pills/day (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSAID: Change at Month 1 | NSAID: Change at Month 2 | NSAID: Change at Month 3 | NSAID: Change at Month 4 | NSAID: Change at Month 5 | NSAID: Change at Month 6 | Opioid: Change at Month 1 | Opioid: Change at Month 2 | Opioid: Change at Month 3 | Opioid: Change at Month 4 | Opioid: Change at Month 5 | Opioid: Change at Month 6 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 1 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 2 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 3 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 4 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 5 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | 0.09 | -0.17 | -0.43 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.63 | -0.06 | -0.03 | 0.02 | -0.01 | -0.05 | 0.09 | 0.03 | -0.20 | -0.41 | -0.00 | 0.18 | 0.71 |
Based on average pill counts and assessed using the daily e-Diary. Permitted non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) included naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and celecoxib. Permitted opioids included hydrocodone + acetaminophen and codeine phosphate + acetaminophen. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | pills/day (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| NSAID: Change at Month 6 | Opioid: Change at Month 6 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | 0.63 | 0.09 | 0.71 |
The NRS for overall endometriosis-associated pain ranges from 0 (none) to 10 (worst pain ever), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 6
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Group B | 50.0 |
The NMPP pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group B | -0.13 |
The dyspareunia pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group B | 0.29 |
The DYS pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group B | -0.23 |
The NRS for overall endometriosis-associated pain ranges from 0 (none) to 10 (worst pain ever), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group B | -1.36 |
The 6-item ETSQ was developed to assess patient-reported satisfaction with effects on endometriosis pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, amount of bleeding tolerability and overall treatment satisfaction. The ETSQ has a 7 point response scale. The range for this scale is 0 to 36, with lower ETSQ scores reflecting lower levels of satisfaction with endometriosis treatment. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 18.00 | 25.47 | 31.00 |
Based on average pill counts and assessed using a daily e-Diary. Permitted non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) included naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and celecoxib. Permitted opioids included hydrocodone + acetaminophen and codeine phosphate + acetaminophen. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | pills/day (Mean) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSAID: Change at Month 1 | NSAID: Change at Month 2 | NSAID: Change at Month 3 | NSAID: Change at Month 4 | Opioid: Change at Month 1 | Opioid: Change at Month 2 | Opioid: Change at Month 3 | Opioid: Change at Month 4 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 1 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 2 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 3 | NSAID + Opioid: Change at Month 4 | |
| Group A | -0.84 | -1.15 | -0.96 | -1.69 | 0.12 | -0.17 | -0.17 | -0.34 | -0.72 | -1.33 | -1.13 | -2.03 |
| Group C | -0.67 | 0.63 | -0.71 | -0.63 | -0.43 | -0.51 | -0.49 | -0.40 | -1.10 | -1.14 | -1.20 | -1.03 |
The mean percentage of overall work impairment due to health problem (based on the WPAI questionnaire) is presented, and is calculated as: Absenteeism (%) + extent to which health problem decreased productivity (%)* [number of hours worked / (number of hours of work missed due to health problem + number of hours worked)]. WPAI is a questionnaire used to evaluate lost productivity; scores are presented as percentages (multiplying the scores by 100), with 0% representing no impact on productivity and 100% representing complete impact on productivity. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | percent overall work impairment (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 6 | |
| Group A | 0.61 | 0.30 |
| Group B | 0.56 | 0.30 |
Presenteeism (the extent to which health problem decreased productivity) is presented as the mean percentage of impairment while working due to health problem, and is calculated as: 100*scale value of question 5 on the WPAI (between 0 and 10) / 10. WPAI:SHP is a questionnaire used to evaluate lost productivity; scores are presented as percentages (multiplying the scores by 100), with 0% representing no impact on productivity and 100% representing complete impact on productivity. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | percent impairment while working (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 6 | |
| Group A | 0.57 | 0.30 |
| Group B | 0.53 | 0.30 |
Activity impairment due to health problem (the extent to which health problem affected the ability to perform usual daily activities) is presented as the mean percentage of activity impairment, and is calculated as 100*scale value of WPAI question 6 (between 0 and 10) / 10. WPAI is a questionnaire used to evaluate lost productivity; scores are presented as percentages (multiplying the scores by 100), with 0% representing no impact on productivity and 100% representing complete impact on productivity. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | percentage impairment of activity (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 6 | |
| Group A | 0.66 | 0.40 |
| Group B | 0.67 | 0.30 |
| Group C | 0.70 | 0.70 |
Absenteeism is presented as the mean percentage of work time missed due to health problem (as reported on the WPAI:SHP), and is calculated as: 100*number of hours of work missed due to health problem / (number of hours of work missed due to health problem + number of hours worked). WPAI is a questionnaire used to evaluate lost productivity; scores are presented as percentages (multiplying the scores by 100), with 0% representing no impact on productivity and 100% representing complete impact on productivity. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | percent of work time missed (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 6 | |
| Group A | 0.16 | 0.00 |
| Group B | 0.08 | 0.00 |
The PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 6a is self-administered and composed of 6 questions to evaluate fatigue. Possible scores range from 6 to 30, 6 = not at all (no fatigue), and 30 = very much (most fatigue). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Month 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 6 | |
| Group A | 22.1 | 15.3 |
| Group B | 19.3 | 11.0 |
| Group C | 27.0 | 21.0 |
The NMPP pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | percentage change of units on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent Change at Month 1 | Percent Change at Month 2 | Percent Change at Month 3 | Percent Change at Month 4 | Percent Change at Month 5 | Percent Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | 4.22 | -34.21 | -38.03 | -44.49 | -28.40 | -17.23 |
The NMPP pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | percentage change of units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent Change at Month 1 | Percent Change at Month 2 | Percent Change at Month 3 | Percent Change at Month 4 | |
| Group A | -11.81 | -37.53 | -38.26 | -71.21 |
| Group C | 16.07 | 11.90 | 22.62 | 19.05 |
The dyspareunia pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | percentage change of units on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent Change at Month 1 | Percent Change at Month 2 | Percent Change at Month 3 | Percent Change at Month 4 | Percent Change at Month 5 | Percent Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | -15.27 | -15.26 | -21.63 | -12.67 | -14.86 | -18.08 |
The dyspareunia pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | percentage change of units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent Change at Month 1 | Percent Change at Month 2 | Percent Change at Month 3 | Percent Change at Month 4 | |
| Group A | 0.14 | 6.60 | 60.88 | 106.25 |
| Group C | -9.52 | -12.38 | -0.95 | -0.95 |
The DYS pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | percent change of units on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent Change at Month 1 | Percent Change at Month 2 | Percent Change at Month 3 | Percent Change at Month 4 | Percent Change at Month 5 | Percent Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | -7.89 | -75.00 | -85.71 | -16.67 | -40.48 | -57.14 |
The DYS pain scale score ranged from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | percent change of units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent Change at Month 1 | Percent Change at Month 2 | Percent Change at Month 3 | Percent Change at Month 4 | |
| Group A | 1.67 | -27.45 | -62.92 | -80.00 |
The NRS for overall endometriosis-associated pain ranges from 0 (none) to 10 (worst pain ever), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | percentage change of score on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent Change at Month 1 | Percent Change at Month 2 | Percent Change at Month 3 | Percent Change at Month 4 | Percent Change at Month 5 | Percent Change at Month 6 | |
| Group B | -19.61 | -56.25 | -53.05 | -38.00 | -35.81 | -33.56 |
The NRS for overall endometriosis-associated pain ranges from 0 (none) to 10 (worst pain ever), recorded in a daily eDiary and averaged monthly based on a 35-day window. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | percentage change of score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent Change at Month 1 | Percent Change at Month 2 | Percent Change at Month 3 | Percent Change at Month 4 | |
| Group A | -14.10 | -37.82 | -43.98 | -70.98 |
| Group C | -11.34 | -18.99 | -18.22 | -14.34 |
The PGIC is a 7-point response scale where participants rate their endometriosis related pain as: very much improved (1), much improved (2), minimally improved (3), not changed (4), minimally worse (5), much worse (6), very much worse (7). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 | Month 4 | Month 5 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 2.3 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
The PGIC is a 7-point response scale where participants rate their endometriosis related pain as: very much improved (1), much improved (2), minimally improved (3), not changed (4), minimally worse (5), much worse (6), very much worse (7). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 | Month 4 | |
| Group C | 2.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 2.0 |
The PGIC is a 7-point response scale where participants rate their endometriosis related pain as: very much improved (1), much improved (2), minimally improved (3), not changed (4), minimally worse (5), much worse (6), very much worse (7). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
The endometriosis-associated pain questionnaire is an 11-point NRS assessing overall endometriosis-associated pain over a 7-day recall period. Participants assessed their endometriosis-associated pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain ever. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 | Month 4 | Month 5 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 9.0 | 7.7 | 2.7 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 8.0 | 4.0 |
The endometriosis-associated pain questionnaire is an 11-point NRS assessing overall endometriosis-associated pain over a 7-day recall period. Participants assessed their endometriosis-associated pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain ever. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 | Month 4 | |
| Group C | 7.0 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 |
The endometriosis-associated pain questionnaire is an 11-point NRS assessing overall endometriosis-associated pain over a 7-day recall period. Participants assessed their endometriosis-associated pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain ever. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 8.2 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 9.0 |
"Based only on reduction of rescue analgesics used. Responders were defined as:~participants with no analgesic use at screening and no analgesic use added~participants with NSAID only use at screening and NSAID dose stopped, decreased, or stable (<15% increase) and no opioid use added~participants with opioid only use at screening and opioid dose stopped, decreased, or stable (<15% increase), opioid dose stopped and NSAID substituted (any dose), opioid dose decreased and NSAID added (any dose)~participants with NSAID + opioid use at screening and any of the following: NSAID dose stopped + opioid analgesic use stopped, decreased, or stable (<15% increase); NSAID dose decreased + opioid analgesic use stopped, decreased, or stable (<15% increase); NSAID dose stable (< 15% increase) + opioid analgesic use stopped, decreased, or stable (<15% increase); NSAID dose increased by >15% + opioid analgesic use stopped; NSAID dose increased by >15% + opioid analgesic dose decreases." (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 1: Responder | Month 1: Non-Responder | Month 2: Responder | Month 2: Non-Responder | Month 3: Responder | Month 3: Non-Responder | Month 4: Responder | Month 4: Non-Responder | Month 5: Responder | Month 5: Non-Responder | Month 6: Responder | Month 6: Non-Responder | |
| Group A | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Group B | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Group C | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The 6-item ETSQ was developed to assess patient-reported satisfaction with effects on endometriosis pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, amount of bleeding tolerability and overall treatment satisfaction. The ETSQ has a 7 point response scale. The range for this scale is 0 to 36, with lower ETSQ scores reflecting lower levels of satisfaction with endometriosis treatment. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 19.71 | 22.25 |
| Group C | 18.00 | 25.00 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Group C | 1.0 | 2.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate VAS indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 53.3 | 85.0 | 94.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate VAS indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 79.7 | 72.8 |
| Group C | 72.0 | 70.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 2.0 | 1.5 |
| Group C | 1.0 | 2.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Group C | 1.0 | 1.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 2.7 | 1.7 | 1.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 2.7 | 2.0 |
| Group C | 4.0 | 3.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
The EQ-5D-5L is a health state utility instrument with 5 items that comprise 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is rated on 5 levels of severity (1=no problem, 2=slight problems, 3=moderate problems, 4=severe problems, 5=extreme problems) and a separate visual analog scale (VAS) indicating a participant's rating of their current health status (health today) on a scale of from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Group C | 1.0 | 1.0 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 47.73 | 17.42 | 27.27 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | |
| Group A | 59.42 | 38.07 |
| Group C | 59.09 | 38.64 |
The EHP-30 is a disease-specific self-administered questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Domains used in the study included Pain, Control and Powerlessness, Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Image, and Sexual Intercourse. Each domain is calculated on a scale from 0 = best possible health status to 100 = worst possible health status. (NCT03343067)
Timeframe: Month 0 (baseline), Months 3, 6
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Group B | 45.83 | 16.67 | 25.00 |
Assessed using the following non-pain domains of the EHP-30 questionnaire: Control and Powerlessness (questions 12 through 17), Emotional Well-Being (questions 18 through 23), Social Support (questions 24 through 27), and Self-Image (questions 28 through 30). The score for each domain ranged from 0 to 100. Higher scores represent a greater impact of endometriosis. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control and Powerlessness | Emotional Well-being | Social Support | Self Image | |
| Placebo (Group C) | -41.9 | -25.6 | -29.7 | -25.2 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -43.7 | -26.5 | -24.9 | -25.8 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -47.5 | -30.7 | -33.2 | -29.5 |
Assessed using the following non-pain domains of the EHP-30 questionnaire: Control and Powerlessness (questions 12 through 17), Emotional Well-Being (questions 18 through 23), Social Support (questions 24 through 27), and Self-Image (questions 28 through 30). The score for each domain ranged from 0 to 100. Higher scores represent a greater impact of endometriosis. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control and Powerlessness | Emotional Well-being | Social Support | Self Image | |
| Placebo (Group C) | -39.5 | -23.7 | -28.7 | -22.8 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -40.1 | -24.4 | -28.9 | -23.1 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -43.7 | -26.7 | -28.8 | -26.4 |
Assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck (same leg for each participant) at each designated time point. All participants who completed treatment or terminated from the study early were required to return for a 6-month post-treatment follow-up (PTFU) and a 12-month PTFU DXA scan (except if participant was beyond 14 months from last day on treatment). Participants were also to have clinical laboratory evaluations (vitamin D, thyroid stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorous) at the 6-month and 12-month PTFU only if the PTFU DXA scans showed a bone loss of ≥3% at the lumbar spine and/or total hip compared with the parent study baseline. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) | Femoral Neck | Total Hip | |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.09 | -0.05 | 0.69 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -0.56 | -0.44 | 0.10 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -0.45 | 0.24 | 0.82 |
Assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck (same leg for each participant) at each designated time point. All participants who completed treatment or terminated from the study early were required to return for a 6-month post-treatment follow-up (PTFU) and a 12-month PTFU DXA scan (except if participant was beyond 14 months from last day on treatment). Participants were also to have clinical laboratory evaluations (vitamin D, thyroid stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorous) at the 6-month and 12-month PTFU only if the PTFU DXA scans showed a bone loss of ≥3% at the lumbar spine and/or total hip compared with the parent study baseline. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lumbar Spine (L1-L4) | Femoral Neck | Total Hip | |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.09 | 0.06 | 0.27 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.09 | -0.84 | -0.52 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -0.69 | -0.21 | -0.10 |
"The PGA for functional impairment is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of how their pain affected their usual activities. The participants responded to the question: How much were your daily activities limited by endometriosis over the last 4 weeks? using a 5-point response scale; each response was given a numerical score: not at all (0), minimally (1), moderately (2), significantly (3), or very significantly (4)." (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Improvement (-1 to -4) | No Change (0) | Deterioration (+1 to +4) | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 91.2 | 8.8 | 0 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 92.0 | 7.3 | 0.7 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 92.7 | 6.7 | 0.6 |
"The PGA for functional impairment is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of how their pain affected their usual activities. The participants responded to the question: How much were your daily activities limited by endometriosis over the last 4 weeks? using a 5-point response scale; each response was given a numerical score: not at all (0), minimally (1), moderately (2), significantly (3), or very significantly (4)." (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Improvement (-1 to -4) | No Change (0) | Deterioration (+1 to +4) | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 86.1 | 10.0 | 3.9 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 86.9 | 12.6 | 0.5 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 88.9 | 8.1 | 3.0 |
The PGA for pelvic pain severity is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of the severity of their pain. The questionnaire used a 5-point response scale; each response was given a numerical score: absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), severe (3), or very severe (4). (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Improvement (-1 to -4) | No Change (0) | Deterioration (+1 to +4) | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 80.4 | 16.7 | 3.0 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 82.2 | 15.8 | 2.1 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 85.5 | 13.8 | 0.6 |
The PGA for pelvic pain severity is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of the severity of their pain. The questionnaire used a 5-point response scale; each response was given a numerical score: absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), severe (3), or very severe (4). (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Improvement (-1 to -4) | No Change (0) | Deterioration (+1 to +4) | |
| Placebo (Group C) | 72.6 | 23.0 | 4.4 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 69.9 | 26.2 | 3.9 |
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 81.5 | 14.7 | 3.9 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants rated their pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -5.9 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -5.7 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -5.6 |
Assessed using the pain domain of the EHP-30 questionnaire. The EHP-30 questionnaire was completed on an electronic tablet (eTablet) device. Participants reported the frequency (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always) with which they had difficulty with activities such as standing, sitting, walking, sleeping, and performing jobs around the house because of pain. The Pain Domain normalized scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores denoting greater functional impact of pain. The least squares (LS) mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -37.7 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -36.1 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -35.1 |
Assessed using the pain domain of the EHP-30 questionnaire. The EHP-30 questionnaire was completed on an electronic tablet (eTablet) device. Participants reported the frequency (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always) with which they had difficulty with activities such as standing, sitting, walking, sleeping, and performing jobs around the house because of pain. The Pain Domain normalized scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores denoting greater functional impact of pain. The least squares (LS) mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -41.3 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -38.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -37.7 |
The PGA for pelvic pain severity is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of the severity of their pain. The questionnaire used a 5-point response scale; each response was given a numerical score: absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), severe (3), or very severe (4). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.3 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.2 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.2 |
The PGA for pelvic pain severity is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of the severity of their pain. The questionnaire used a 5-point response scale; each response was given a numerical score: absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), severe (3), or very severe (4). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.4 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.3 |
"The PGA for functional impairment is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of how their pain affected their usual activities. The participants responded to the question: How much were your daily activities limited by endometriosis over the last 4 weeks? using a 5-point response scale; each response was given a numerical score: not at all (0), minimally (1), moderately (2), significantly (3), or very significantly (4). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit." (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.6 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.6 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.6 |
"The PGA for functional impairment is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of how their pain affected their usual activities. The participants responded to the question: How much were your daily activities limited by endometriosis over the last 4 weeks? using a 5-point response scale; each response was given a numerical score: not at all (0), minimally (1), moderately (2), significantly (3), or very significantly (4). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit." (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.9 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.8 |
Assessed using the participant-modified Biberoglu and Behrman 5-point scale for dysmenorrhea recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants were to report their pain as related to functional impairment daily in an electronic diary using the following response options: Severe (in bed all day, incapacitation), Moderate (in bed part of the day, some loss of work efficiency), Mild (some loss of work efficiency), No pain (no pain associated with menstruation during past 24 hours), or did not menstruate during the past 24 hours. Participants gave a possible score of 0 (no pain) to 4 (did not menstruate). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.3 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.2 |
Assessed using the participant-modified Biberoglu and Behrman 5-point scale for dysmenorrhea recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants were to report their pain as related to functional impairment daily in an electronic diary using the following response options: Severe (in bed all day, incapacitation), Moderate (in bed part of the day, some loss of work efficiency), Mild (some loss of work efficiency), No pain (no pain associated with menstruation during past 24 hours), or did not menstruate during the past 24 hours. Participants gave a possible score of 0 (no pain) to 4 (did not menstruate). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.3 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.2 |
Blood samples were collected from participants for estradiol measurements at each specified timepoints. Estradiol concentrations were measured using an immuno-enzymatic assay based on a commercially available kit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -55.22 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -77.76 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -62.07 |
Blood samples were collected from participants for estradiol measurements at each specified timepoints. Estradiol concentrations were measured using an immuno-enzymatic assay based on a commercially available kit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -51.72 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -74.68 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -64.39 |
Assessed using the participant-modified Biberoglu and Behrman 4-point scale for pelvic pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants reported their pain daily in an electronic diary using the following response options: Severe (requires strong analgesics), Moderate (noticeable pelvic pain), Mild (occasional pelvic pain), or No pain (no pain during past 24 hours). Participants gave a possible score of 0 (no pain) to 3 (severe). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.0 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.0 |
The PGIC for NMPP is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of change in the severity of pain when they are not menstruating. The questionnaire used a 7-point response scale: much better, better, a little better, the same, a little worse, worse, or much worse. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 85.5 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 86.1 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 79.1 |
The PGIC for dyspareunia is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of change in the severity of their pain during sexual intercourse. The questionnaire used a 7-point response scale: much better, better, a little better, the same, a little worse, worse, or much worse. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 61.0 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 61.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 60.0 |
The PGIC for dysmenorrhea is a 1-item questionnaire designed to assess participant's impression of change in the severity of pain during their menstrual cycle. The questionnaire used a 7-point response scale: much better, better, a little better, the same, a little worse, worse, or much worse. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 89.1 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 87.1 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 83.0 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants rated their pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -5.9 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -5.7 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -5.3 |
Assessed based on usage of study-specified analgesics for endometriosis-associated pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants received protocol-specified analgesics for treatment of endometriosis-associated pain as needed for pain but not prophylactically. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 75.1 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 76.5 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 76.0 |
Assessed using the participant-modified Biberoglu and Behrman 4-point scale for pelvic pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants reported their pain daily in an electronic diary using the following response options: Severe (requires strong analgesics), Moderate (noticeable pelvic pain), Mild (occasional pelvic pain), or No pain (no pain during past 24 hours). Participants gave a possible score of 0 (no pain) to 3 (severe). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.2 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -1.1 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.1 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. A participant was defined as a responder if the NRS score for NMPP declined from baseline to Week 52 by at least 2.1 points without increased use of protocol-specified analgesics for pelvic pain at Week 52 relative to baseline. Participants rated their pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 73.6 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 70.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 68.0 |
Assessed using the participant-modified Biberoglu and Behrman 5-point scale for dyspareunia recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants were to report their pain during intercourse daily using the following response options: Severe (avoids intercourse because of pain), Moderate (intercourse painful to the point of causing interruption), Mild (tolerated pain), No pain (no pain during intercourse), or No intercourse (no intercourse for other reasons). Participants gave a possible score of 0 (no pain) to 3 (severe). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -1.0 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -0.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -1.0 |
Assessed using the participant-modified Biberoglu and Behrman 5-point scale for dyspareunia recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants were to report their pain during intercourse daily using the following response options: Severe (avoids intercourse because of pain), Moderate (intercourse painful to the point of causing interruption), Mild (tolerated pain), No pain (no pain during intercourse), or No intercourse (no intercourse for other reasons). Participants gave a possible score of 0 (no pain) to 3 (severe). The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -0.9 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -0.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -0.8 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants were to report whether they had vaginal sexual intercourse and rated their level of pelvic pain during intercourse on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -3.5 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -2.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -3.4 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants were to report whether they had vaginal sexual intercourse and rated their level of pelvic pain during intercourse on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -3.3 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -3.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -3.0 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants rated their pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -4.0 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -3.5 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -3.8 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants rated their pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -3.6 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -3.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -3.4 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for overall pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants rated their overall pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -4.2 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -3.9 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -4.0 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for overall pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants rated their overall pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. The LS mean was presented by pivotal study treatment group and by visit. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | -3.9 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | -3.6 |
| Placebo (Group C) | -3.6 |
Assessed based on usage of study-specified opioids for endometriosis-associated pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. Participants received protocol-specified opioids for treatment of endometriosis-associated pain as needed for pain but not prophylactically. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 91.0 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 88.3 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 90.5 |
Assessed using the Pain Domain of the EHP-30 questionnaire. The EHP-30 questionnaire was completed on an electronic tablet (eTablet) device. Participants reported the frequency (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always) with which they had difficulty with activities such as standing, sitting, walking, sleeping, and performing jobs around the house because of pain. The Pain Domain normalized scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores denoting greater functional impact of pain. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 88.6 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 85.4 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 86.1 |
Assessed using the Pain Domain of the EHP-30 questionnaire. The EHP-30 questionnaire was completed on an electronic tablet (eTablet) device. Participants reported the frequency (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always) with which they had difficulty with activities such as standing, sitting, walking, sleeping, and performing jobs around the house because of pain. The Pain Domain normalized scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores denoting greater functional impact of pain. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 83.6 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 81.2 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 79.5 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. A participant was defined as a responder if the NRS score for dysmenorrhea declined from baseline to Week 104 by at least 2.8 points without increased use of protocol-specified analgesics for pelvic pain at Week 104 relative to baseline. Participants rated their pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 84.8 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 83.0 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 80.4 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. A participant was defined as a responder if the NRS score for dysmenorrhea declined from baseline to Week 52 by at least 2.8 points without increased use of protocol-specified analgesics for pelvic pain at Week 52 relative to baseline. Participants rated their pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 84.8 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 82.2 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 75.6 |
Assessed using an NRS score (11-point scale) for pain recorded daily in an electronic diary. A participant was defined as a responder if the NRS score for NMPP declined from baseline to Week 104 by at least 2.1 points without increased use of protocol-specified analgesics for pelvic pain at Week 104 relative to baseline. Participants rated their pelvic pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating pain as bad as you can imagine. (NCT03654274)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Relugolix Plus E2/NETA (Group A) | 75.8 |
| Relugolix Plus Delayed E2/NETA (Group B) | 71.7 |
| Placebo (Group C) | 73.1 |
Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale will be used to rate pelvic pain during sex. This is a 7 point scale ranging from 1 (much worse) to 7 (much better). (NCT03970330)
Timeframe: 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 16 | |
| Low-Dose Naltrexone | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Placebo | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 |
Average # of ibuprofen 200 mg pills per week during the study treatment period (NCT03970330)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | pills/week (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Low-Dose Naltrexone | 5.5 |
| Placebo | 1.2 |
Number of subjects who used oxycodone at any time during the study (NCT03970330)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Low-Dose Naltrexone | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
Pain is reported daily using the Visual Analog Scale, a 100mm horizontal line on which the patient's pain intensity is represented by a point between the extremities of 0 (no pain) and 100 (worst pain). The final outcome measure will be calculated as area under the curve from randomization through 12-weeks of intervention. AUC was calculated using the trapezoid rule. Calculated AUC per subject across this 12-week period can range from 0 - 8300. (NCT03970330)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale*days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Low-Dose Naltrexone | 2461 |
| Placebo | 1338 |
Quality of life measured by the validated Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-30) questionnaire. Scores range from 0 (best health status) to 100 (worst health status). (NCT03970330)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 16 | |
| Low-Dose Naltrexone | 56.5 | 35.5 | 34.9 | 34.1 | 35.7 |
| Placebo | 27.6 | 25.1 | 16.0 | 18.6 | 28.9 |
Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale will be used to rate nonmenstrual pelvic pain. This is a 7 point scale ranging from 1 (much worse) to 7 (much better). (NCT03970330)
Timeframe: 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 16 | |
| Low-Dose Naltrexone | 5.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Placebo | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.5 |
Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale will be used to rate painful periods. This is a 7 point scale ranging from 1 (much worse) to 7 (much better). (NCT03970330)
Timeframe: 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 weeks | 8 weeks | 12 weeks | 16 weeks | |
| Low-Dose Naltrexone | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Placebo | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 4.5 |
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body | metabolite |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia | |
| adenine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| allantoin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary |
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzyl alcohols | antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent |
| betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
| carnitine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite |
| creatine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | glycerol monophosphate | algal metabolite; human metabolite |
| histamine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| hydroquinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenediol; hydroquinones | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | human metabolite |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 4.35 | 2 | 2 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 4.35 | 2 | 2 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids | allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin |
| 1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite; protic solvent |
| pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines | antitubercular agent; prodrug |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| catechin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyflavan | |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | indole-3-acetic acids | drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor |
| methacholine methacholine : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the nitrogen is substituted with three methyl groups and a 2-acetoxypropyl group. Parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor drug used in clinical diagnosis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; quaternary ammonium ion | bronchoconstrictor agent; cholinergic agonist; epitope; muscarinic agonist; vasodilator agent |
| albendazole [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups. | 4.65 | 3 | 2 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound | bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor |
| alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
| amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline | adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| ampyrone Ampyrone: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | primary amino compound; pyrazolone | antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| theophylline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| anastrozole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| antazoline Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; imidazolines; tertiary amino compound | cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | antipsoriatic |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
| azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| baclofen [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | drug allergen |
| bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indazoles; monocarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger |
| bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone | uricosuric drug |
| benzquinamide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; sedative |
| bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidines; tertiary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| bethanidine Bethanidine: A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent |
| betaxolol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | propanolamine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol | |
| bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; imidazoles | |
| bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | mucolytic |
| bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acylurea; organobromine compound | |
| brotizolam brotizolam: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| bumetanide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
| bunitrolol bunitrolol: was heading 1975-94 (see under PROPANOLAMINES 1975-90); KO 1366 was see BUNITROLOL 1975-94; use PROPANOLAMINES to search BUNITROLOL 1975-94; a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist with weak antiarrhythmic activity and minor ability to decrease the heart rate | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
| bupranolol Bupranolol: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
| busulfan [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent |
| butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | analgesic; sedative |
| caffeine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| metrizoate Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | radioopaque medium |
| candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| carbazochrome carbazochrome: a hemostatic which increases capillary resistance & activates platelet factors, Note: Adona is a multimeaning tradename | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbinoxamine carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | muscle relaxant |
| carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles; organochlorine compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent |
| carvedilol [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| celecoxib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines | anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| chloral hydrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound | general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic |
| chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| chlorcyclizine chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone | antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant |
| chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| chloroxine chloroxine : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 have been substituted by chlorine. A synthetic antibacterial prepared by chlorination of quinolin-8-ol, it is used for the treatment of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; antiseborrheic |
| chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide |
| chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound | muscle relaxant; sedative |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent |
| ciprofibrate [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | antilipemic drug |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator |
| clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenazines | dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| clomiphene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| clotrimazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol | vasodilator agent |
| cyclofenil Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| dapsone [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfone | anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug |
| debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carboxamidine; isoquinolines | adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | primary amine | |
| eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid | trypanocidal drug |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant |
| dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug |
| diphenidol diphenidol: shows anti-arrhythmic activity; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. diphenidol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | antiemetic |
| diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| disulfiram [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist |
| doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent |
| doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative |
| droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound | anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols | bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | |
| enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
| enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic |
| profenamine profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound | adrenergic antagonist; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| ethyl loflazepate ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| etizolam etizolam: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| brl 42810 [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; acetate ester | antiviral drug; prodrug |
| felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent |
| felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| flavoxate Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; flavones; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone | prodrug |
| flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fluphenazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes | anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| fluphenazine depot fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | decanoate ester; N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; prodrug |
| fluphenazine enanthate [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines | |
| flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
| flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| flutazolam flutazolam: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | hemiaminal ether; organic molecular entity | |
| fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazoles | antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| gemfibrozil [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether | antilipemic drug |
| glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger |
| glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene | |
| guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | azocanes; guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent |
| fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| halothane [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene | acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines; phospholipid | anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor |
| hexestrol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| hexylresorcinol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | resorcinols | |
| homochlorocyclizine homochlorocyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; thiazide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary amine | |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug |
| idebenone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| ifosfamide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ifosfamides | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | bipyridines | EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| iodamide Iodamide: An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). iodamide : A benzoic acid compound having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions, an acetamido substituent at the 3-position and an acetamidomethyl substituent at the 5-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
| iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide | radioopaque medium |
| iproniazid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide; pyridines | |
| avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| isopropamide iodide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| 2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester | |
| itraconazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperazines | |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| lamotrigine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic |
| lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| letrozole [no description available] | 11.76 | 9 | 7 | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| lomerizine lomerizine: used to treat migraines | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| lomustine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist |
| lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibenzooxazepine | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate | |
| diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl ester | |
| maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | |
| mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester | antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| memantine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant |
| mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidinecarboxamide | drug allergen; local anaesthetic |
| meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound | dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative | anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative |
| methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol | |
| methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; psoralens | antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic |
| methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates | flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite |
| methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines | |
| methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
| metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone | antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist |
| mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | analgesic; antineoplastic agent |
| modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide | |
| moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312) | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic |
| nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| naftopidil [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperazines | |
| nalidixic acid [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| nilutamide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| nimetazepam nimetazepam : A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; GABA modulator; sedative |
| nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome). | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative |
| nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 3.83 | 2 | 1 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| nizatidine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound | anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist |
| nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | catechols; lignan; tetrol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite |
| ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline | |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles | |
| orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound | |
| oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid | analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| oxethazaine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
| oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor |
| oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene | dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic |
| oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic |
| oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; pyrazolidines | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite |
| aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; phenols | antitubercular agent |
| pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles | central nervous system stimulant |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| pentoxifylline [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines | dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | cardiovascular drug |
| perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| phenacemide phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; aromatic ether | cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diaminopyridine; monoazo compound | anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic |
| phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; beta-diketone | anticoagulant |
| pheniramine Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; tertiary amino compound | |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phenols | |
| phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | primary amine | adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent |
| phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolidines | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | indoles; secondary amine | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| piperazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | anthelminthic drug |
| pyranoprofen pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyridochromene | |
| praziquantel azinox: Russian drug | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine | antimalarial |
| primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dithioketal; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug |
| procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker |
| procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; hydrazines | antineoplastic agent |
| prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic |
| proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate | anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite |
| promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
| propiomazine propiomazine: was heading 1966-94 (prov 1966-72); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PROPIOMAZINE 1966-94; phenothiazine derivative used for sedation and as an antiemetic during labor. propiomazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)propyl group at nitrogen atom and a propanoyl group at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound | dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound | antidepressant |
| proxyphylline [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| ranitidine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamine | |
| opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary carboxamide | |
| riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
| risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| rofecoxib [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | butenolide; sulfone | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; salicylamides | antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic |
| salicylsalicylic acid salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; benzoic acids; phenols; salicylates | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative |
| sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ipodate Ipodate: Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug |
| imatinib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
| sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfamerazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen |
| sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent |
| sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic |
| sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
| sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| sulfanilamide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolidines; sulfoxide | uricosuric drug |
| sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols | dye |
| 2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide; tryptamines | serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| tegafur [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| temozolomide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
| terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; resorcinols | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
| thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
| thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles | antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug |
| thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| tiaramide tiaramide: NTA-194, solantal, FK 1160 refer to mono-HCl salt; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
| ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| tilorone Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzothiadiazole; imidazoles | alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant |
| tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker |
| tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
| tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211) | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
| tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid | |
| trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| triclosan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic |
| trifluperidol Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| trimebutine Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | oxazolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector |
| trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | chromanes; thiazolidinone | anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| vesnarinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| vigabatrin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
| ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist |
| zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazopyridine | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative |
| guanidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt | protein denaturant |
| hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| corticosterone [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 8.63 | 24 | 8 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist |
| reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| piperonyl butoxide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | pesticide synergist |
| bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines | mutagen |
| 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 4.83 | 4 | 2 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine | adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester | agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
| lynestrenol Lynestrenol: A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | steroid | |
| norethandrolone Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 5.68 | 7 | 1 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid | anabolic agent; androgen |
| dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nad [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | NAD | geroprotector |
| penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | detergent; surfactant |
| vincristine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. | 13.96 | 102 | 37 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone | anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent |
| tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
| uridine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | kanamycins | bacterial metabolite |
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amine; thiol | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound | |
| bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt | adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. | 4.46 | 5 | 1 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; naphthalenes | acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | lactose | |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| Mebutamate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen. | 22.36 | 628 | 293 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | oxo steroid | |
| benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin |
| ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| cytarabine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| 4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones | |
| medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available] | 14.8 | 92 | 33 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester | adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| mestranol [no description available] | 10.98 | 10 | 3 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound | prodrug; xenoestrogen |
| methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | GABA agonist; sedative |
| trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methandrostenolone Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| cordycepin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| quinethazone quinethazone: RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. quinethazone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2, 6 and 7 by ethyl, sulfamoyl and chloro groups respectively; a thiazide-like diuretic used to treat hypertension. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 4.29 | 4 | 1 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| tribromoethanol tribromoethanol: major descriptor (66-90); on-line search ETHANOL (66-90); INDEX MEDICUS search TRIBROMOETHANOL (66-90) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alcohol; organobromine compound | |
| trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| mepenzolate bromide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| carbromal carbromal: was heading 1963-94 (Prov 1963-73); use UREA to search CARBROMAL 1963-94 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-acylurea | |
| triparanol Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
| trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chloroethenes | inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite |
| pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pantothenic acid; vitamin B5 | antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite |
| dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid | gastrointestinal drug |
| cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine | antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic |
| buclizine buclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; local anaesthetic |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| thiopropazate thiopropazate: minor descriptor (66-72); major descriptor (73-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-72); THIOPROPAZATE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. thiopropazate : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has a chloro subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| acetrizoic acid Acetrizoic Acid: An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid | |
| penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | |
| isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazine | ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| synephrine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols | alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite |
| propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; paraben; phenols | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
| benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | paraben | antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product |
| ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | peptide ergot alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| estradiol dipropionate estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt | |
| phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biguanides | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent |
| mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant |
| paramethadione paramethadione: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oxazolidinone | anticonvulsant |
| hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes | antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant |
| trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | trinitrotoluene | explosive |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone | antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| anileridine anileridine: minor descriptor (64-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search ISONIPECOTIC ACIDS (68-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. anileridine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of isonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; substituted aniline | opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist |
| pregnenolone [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dithiocarbamic acids | chelator; copper chelator |
| mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | metabolite |
| quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| sulfalene Sulfalene: Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyrazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | |
| dydrogesterone [no description available] | 5.04 | 5 | 2 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | progestin |
| ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 5.19 | 4 | 3 | steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| propantheline bromide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | xanthenes | |
| ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 4.98 | 9 | 1 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| norchlorcyclizine norchlorcyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| testosterone enanthate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | heptanoate ester; sterol ester | androgen |
| opipramol Opipramol: A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | |
| aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
| azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent |
| phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine | |
| carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277) | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
| glymidine glymidine: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONAMIDES 1975-90); GLIDIAZINE & GLYCODIAZINE were see GLYMIDINE 1975-92; use SULFONAMIDES to search GLYMIDINE 1975-92; a sulfonamide hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. glymidine : A sulfonamide that is N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at position 5 of the pyrimidine ring by a 2-methoxyethoxy group. It is a hypoglycemic drug used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diether; pyrimidines; sulfonamide | hypoglycemic agent |
| nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | steroid ester | |
| bucladesine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester | agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent |
| N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1-[4-[[(2-chlorophenyl)methylamino]methyl]cyclohexyl]methanamine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
| prenylamine Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound | blood substitute; radioopaque medium |
| cyproterone acetate [no description available] | 6.44 | 12 | 4 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester | androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin |
| nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. | 10.32 | 17 | 5 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
| thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfur-containing amino acid; thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antidote; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent |
| chlorphentermine Chlorphentermine: A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines | |
| dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. | 3.47 | 1 | 1 | calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound | antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent |
| glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite |
| chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lucanthone Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | thioxanthenes | adjuvant; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; mutagen; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; schistosomicide drug |
| dichloralantipyrine dichloralantipyrine: 1:2 compound of antipyrine with chloral hydrate | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline | antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354) | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phthalazines | |
| kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist |
| phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid | plant metabolite |
| dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative | dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| estriol succinate estriol succinate: RN given refers to (16alpha,17beta)-isomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | hemisuccinate; steroid ester | |
| methallenestril methallenestril: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| medroxyprogesterone [no description available] | 9.62 | 23 | 8 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| androstenediol Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5. | 4.05 | 3 | 1 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | thiazoles | |
| methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
| levocarnitine (R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carnitine | antilipemic drug; nootropic agent; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; water-soluble vitamin (role) |
| decamethonium dibromide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 3.82 | 2 | 1 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye |
| thiphenamil thiphenamil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| metahexamide metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
| phenindamine phenindamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | indene | |
| lactulose [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycosylfructose | gastrointestinal drug; laxative |
| megestrol acetate [no description available] | 5.56 | 5 | 1 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester | antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| phendimetrazine phendimetrazine: minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trimetozine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
| erythromycin stearate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside | |
| erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| butaperazine butaperazine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search BUTAPERAZINE 1966-94 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines | |
| levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. | 10.94 | 42 | 13 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| norgestrienone Norgestrienone: A synthetic steroid with progestational and contraceptive activities. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | steroid | estrogen |
| vinblastine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| oxolamine oxolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oxadiazole; ring assembly | |
| ethylestrenol Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alcohol | anabolic agent |
| estradiol valerate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative | antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide : A salicylanilide derivative with chloride substituents at C-3 and C-5 of the salicylate moiety and at C-3 and C-4 of the anilide moiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; salicylanilides | drug allergen |
| ethynodiol [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | progestin |
| dehydroepiandrosterone acetate 3beta-acetoxyandrost-5-en-17-one: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycopeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| tocopherols [no description available] | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| metaxalone [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector; herbicide |
| dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| clothiapine clothiapine: was heading 1975-94 (was see under DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES 1975-90); CLOTIAPINE was see CLOTHIAPINE 1978-94; use DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES to search CLOTHIAPINE 1975-94; antipsychotic similar to clozapine | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibenzothiazepine | |
| pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound | antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| azaribine azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine | antipsoriatic; prodrug |
| sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antimalarial |
| acadesine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| acetophenazine acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; phenothiazines | phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity | antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| iproclozide iproclozide: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17. | 6.64 | 6 | 3 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| cephaloglycin Cephaloglycin: A cephalorsporin antibiotic.. cefaloglycin : A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin | antimicrobial agent |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| cyanoketone Cyanoketone: 2 alpha-Cyano-17 beta-hydroxy-4,4',17 alpha-trimethylandrost-5-ene-3-one. An androstenolone-nitrile compound with steroidogenesis-blocking activity. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cladribine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| carbenicillin disodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline | antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug |
| noxiptilin noxiptilin: proposed tricyclic antidepressent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOCYCLOHEPTENES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound | |
| benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| metocurine metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| clomacran clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acridines | |
| vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| iprindole Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| isometheptene isometheptene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5040 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | secondary amino compound | |
| olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| tiadenol tiadenol: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | |
| molindone Molindone: An indole derivative effective in schizophrenia and other psychoses and possibly useful in the treatment of the aggressive type of undersocialized conduct disorder. Molindone has much lower affinity for D2 receptors than most antipsychotic agents and has a relatively low affinity for D1 receptors. It has only low to moderate affinity for cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Some electrophysiologic data from animals indicate that molindone has certain characteristics that resemble those of CLOZAPINE. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p283) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| hexocyclium hexocyclium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amine | |
| camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel combination Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination: ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and NORGESTREL given in fixed proportions. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diol; organic heterotricyclic compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| clortermine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines | |
| stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | anabolic agent; androgen |
| clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. | 4.76 | 2 | 1 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent |
| nicofuranose nicofuranose: derivative of nicotinic acid that produces fewer side effects than pure nicotinic acid; used in peripheral vascular disease; also proposed as anticholesteremic; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line search NIACIN/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search NIACIN/AA (83-84), NICOTINIC ACIDS (75-82) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organooxygen compound | |
| apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzotriazines | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug |
| cloforex cloforex: carbamic ethyl ester of chlorphentermine; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2275 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines | |
| xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound | geroprotector |
| levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
| clobutinol clobutinol: was minor as SILOMAT mapped to AMINO ALCOHOLS (63-79) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; organic amino compound | |
| thiamphenicol [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone | antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptathiophene | histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| gestrinone Gestrinone: A non-estrogenic contraceptive which is a weak progestin with strong anti-progesterone properties. It is effective if used once a week orally or can also be used in intravaginal devices. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | oxo steroid | |
| fluorides [no description available] | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector |
| metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid | dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
| daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| razoxane Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine | |
| fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester | antithyroid drug; prodrug |
| bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | indole alkaloid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat. | 4.41 | 2 | 2 | chloride salt; organic chloride salt | antiseptic drug; surfactant |
| triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| oxyphenisatin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethenes | nephrotoxic agent |
| ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid | human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
| proquazone proquazone: nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines | |
| halazepam halazepam: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clobetasol propionate Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid | anti-inflammatory drug |
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles | antibacterial drug |
| ripazepam [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
| amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | |
| nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine | anticonvulsant; drug allergen |
| moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| feprazone Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| levormeloxifene levormeloxifene: RN refers to (trans)-isomer | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrroline | |
| tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| amitraz amitraz: ixodicide (tick control); structure. amitraz : A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | formamidines; tertiary amino compound | acaricide; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic |
| etoposide [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group. | 6.45 | 8 | 6 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin |
| dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | catecholamine; secondary amine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| halofantrine halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenanthrenes | |
| etidocaine Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | local anaesthetic |
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin |
| ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic |
| methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent |
| bezafibrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist |
| permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes | agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide |
| pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridone | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED). | 7.55 | 9 | 3 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| prenalterol Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| lorcainide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative | |
| piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| bopindolol bopindolol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. bopindolol : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bopindolol and (S)-bopindolol. It is a non-selective antagonist of beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors and a prodrug in which the ester group is hydrolysed to form the corresponding hydroxy derivative.. 1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate : A methylindole that is 2-methyl-1H-indol-4-ol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(benzoyloxy)-3-(tert-butylamino)propyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzoate ester; methylindole; secondary amino compound | |
| cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antiviral drug |
| atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diester; quaternary ammonium ion | muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxacephem | antibacterial drug |
| nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide | potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent |
| pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker |
| buserelin Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications. | 9.27 | 4 | 1 | oligopeptide | |
| doxofylline doxofylline : An oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | anti-asthmatic drug; antitussive; bronchodilator agent |
| cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 3.82 | 2 | 1 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant |
| quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride. | 7.85 | 16 | 13 | hydrochloride | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine | |
| mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| sparfloxacin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | |
| zileuton [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; ureas | anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic acids; pyrimidone | anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent |
| tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes | anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor |
| bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| atorvastatin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic) | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| lamivudine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol | allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug |
| duloxetine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | duloxetine | |
| irinotecan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug |
| capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| halofuginone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | |
| dt 5061 norethindrone acetate, ethinyl estradiol, ferrous fumarate drug combination: contains norethindrone & ethinyl estradiol | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cefprozil [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| 4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor |
| doxapram hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | central nervous system stimulant |
| 1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anhydro sugar | human metabolite |
| betulinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| amprenavir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative | |
| glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glutathione derivative; organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| bendamustine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles | |
| erdosteine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| ceftezole ceftezole: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer; structure. ceftezole : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamido side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; thiadiazoles | |
| mizolastine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles | |
| intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridoindole | |
| telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether) hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether): minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search HEXESTROL/AA (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fenfluramine | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| 2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| ovosiston Ovosiston: combination of mestranol & chlormadinone | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 6.76 | 9 | 7 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| dyclonine hydrochloride dyclonine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dyclonine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | topical anaesthetic |
| disobutamide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate | antineoplastic agent; estrogen |
| medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfate; pyridines | |
| dienogest [no description available] | 15.02 | 15 | 4 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone | progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| drospirenone drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source | 6.21 | 7 | 5 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; steroid lactone | aldosterone antagonist; contraceptive drug; progestin |
| trimegestone trimegestone: ligand for progesterone receptor | 6.35 | 7 | 6 | 20-oxo steroid | |
| n,n-dimethyl-4-anisidine [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide | |
| dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | fatty amide | geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | razoxane | antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent |
| voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | P450 inhibitor |
| clociguanil clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | bile therapy drug |
| terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| isoflavone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoflavones | |
| clevudine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lividomycin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | lividomycins | metabolite |
| gentamicin c1 [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide 2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | |
| ergocornine ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid | |
| 1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rosiglitazone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones | EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug |
| clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 9.05 | 11 | 8 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
| moexipril [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| sennoside B sennoside B : A member of the class of sennosides that is (9R,9'S)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-9,9'-bianthracene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4', by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5', and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10'. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oxo dicarboxylic acid; sennosides | |
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 6.5 | 7 | 7 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nomegestrol acetate nomegestrol acetate: do not confuse with Solastic | 4.64 | 3 | 2 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| testosterone acetate testosterone acetate : An androstanoid that is the acetate derivative of testosterone. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid; sterol ester | human metabolite |
| lopinavir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| 11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | |
| 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione : A C21-steroid that is 5beta-pregnane with oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone 5-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma PROGESTERONE. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (ALLOPREGNANOLONE), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) RECEPTOR.. 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione : A C21-steroid hormone that is 5alpha-pregnane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a metabolite of progestrone. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid; C21-steroid hormone | human metabolite; progestogen |
| demegestone demegestone: a norprogesterone derivative that acts like PROGESTERONE in increasing SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; structure | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid | |
| 11-ketoprogesterone 11-ketoprogesterone: structure | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| dimethacrine dimethacrine: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ACRIDINES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acridines | |
| sr141716 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles | anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist |
| bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| u 74006f tirilazad: a lazaroid; potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has shown excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental central nervous system trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; tradename Freedox | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| selenomethionine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine | plant metabolite |
| pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure | 5.27 | 2 | 2 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source | 6.39 | 3 | 3 | ||
| cyproterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol drug combination [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | ||
| perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminodiol; primary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist |
| st 1435 [no description available] | 4.92 | 2 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| ecteinascidin 743 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite |
| 5-hydroxydopamine 5-hydroxydopamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | catecholamine | |
| 16-hydroxyestrone 16-hydroxyestrone: has implications in estrogen physiology & pathophysiology; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3670 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | ||
| hrp 102 estradiol, norethindrone drug combination: combination of estradiol & norethindrone acetate; | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| nitisinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione | EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor |
| marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| clofarabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
| imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| tazobactam Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids; triazoles | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
| gefitinib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist |
| trisequens Trisequens: triphasic preparation for estrogen replacement therapy; each 28-day calendar pack contains 12 tablets of estradiol 2 mg & estriol 1 mg, 10 of estradiol 2 mg & estriol 1 mg & norethisterone acetate 1 mg, 6 of estradiol 1 mg & estriol 0.5 mg | 5.03 | 5 | 2 | ||
| n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound | adenosine A3 receptor agonist |
| desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist |
| methotrexate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulbactam [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| ulipristal acetate RTI 3021-012: progesterone receptor antagonist. ulipristal acetate : A 20-oxo steroid obtained by acetylation of the 17-hydroxy group of (11beta,17alpha)-17-acetyl-11-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3-oxoestra-4,9-dien-17-ol (ulipristal). A selective progesterone receptor modulator, which is employed as an emergency contraceptive. | 5.83 | 2 | 2 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester; tertiary amino compound | contraceptive drug; progesterone receptor modulator; progestin |
| ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| 17alpha-ethynylestr-5(10)-ene-3alpha,17beta-diol 17alpha-ethynylestr-5(10)-ene-3alpha,17beta-diol: metabolite of norethynodrel | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid | |
| xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | D-xylose | |
| docetaxel [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent |
| atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite |
| cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug |
| jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| clofibride clofibride: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
| avasimibe [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen |
| 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 4.86 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| l 694,458 DMP 777: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | mucolytic |
| troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative | EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles | iron chelator |
| tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor |
| equilin Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | |
| dromostanolone propionate dromostanolone propionate: RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid; steroid ester | antineoplastic agent |
| 19-norprogesterone 19-norprogesterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| norethindrone enanthate norethindrone enanthate: structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #5612 | 5.92 | 4 | 2 | steroid ester | |
| allylestrenol Allylestrenol: A synthetic steroid with progestational activity. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | steroid | |
| 2-hydroxyestradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-hydroxy steroid | carcinogenic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug |
| 1-dehydroprogesterone 1-dehydroprogesterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. Delta(1)-progesterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is progesterone which has been oxidised to introduce a double bond between positions 1 and 2. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid | |
| benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans | |
| estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent |
| phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | |
| noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist |
| bortezomib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor |
| ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas | antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| nexavar [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonate salt | |
| glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acetylneuraminic acids | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot. | 5.31 | 2 | 2 | peptide | |
| glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| bekanamycin bekanamycin: kanendomycin is the sulfate of bekanamycin; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | kanamycins | |
| 2-hydroxyestrone 2-hydroxyestrone: catechol estrogen which is a major metabolite of estradiol in man & animals; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-hydroxyestrone : A 2-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy steroid; catechols | human metabolite |
| strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound | avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide |
| quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
| meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite |
| digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | L-asparagine derivative; quinolines | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative | enzyme inhibitor |
| terconazole terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine | |
| cyclopamine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor |
| devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug |
| hetacillin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| tolterodine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant |
| doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthracycline | |
| medigoxin Medigoxin: A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | |
| erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester | |
| betamethasone acetate [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| tibolone tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis. | 12.2 | 43 | 33 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | bone density conservation agent; hormone agonist |
| ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| acarbose [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol; glycoside | |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate | |
| docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic) | |
| rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic |
| clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor |
| zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist |
| decitabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | |
| sm 8668 Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| teniposide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| posaconazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles | trypanocidal drug |
| dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | kanamycins | antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin | antiinfective agent |
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug |
| ditiocarb sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| carbenoxolone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| discodermolide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diterpenoid | |
| flavin mononucleotide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | flavin mononucleotide; vitamin B2 | bacterial metabolite; coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| mitobronitol Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alcohol; organobromine compound | |
| prednisolone hemisuccinate prednisolone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone succinate : A hemisuccinate resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group prednisolone with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. It is used to treat mild to moderate non-infectious eye allergies and inflammation, including damage caused by chemical and thermal burns. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; hemisuccinate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
| leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty. | 8.94 | 12 | 4 | oligopeptide | anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
| octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist |
| nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazoles | intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
| mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| lobeline [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thiothixene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-methylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent |
| benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound | antithyroid drug; metabolite |
| methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene. | 4.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| terbinafine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine | EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor |
| 1,4-benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone 1,4-benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| tacrine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antifungal drug; food preservative |
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| streptozocin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| nadp [no description available] | 2.89 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; thiocarboxamide | antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug |
| zeranol Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | macrolide | |
| fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| hmr 3647 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| telaprevir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines | antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic |
| albutoin albutoin: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| iodothiouracil [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| droloxifene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| or 1259 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer | 5.4 | 5 | 3 | steroid | estrogen |
| orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
| idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| silybin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
| chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant |
| osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B. | 4.72 | 2 | 1 | long-chain fatty acid | |
| flosequinan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols | antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
| bilirubin [no description available] | 4.32 | 4 | 1 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes | 7.2 | 6 | 2 | D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol | antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 4.36 | 2 | 2 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
| alprostadil [no description available] | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 5.28 | 4 | 3 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| genistein [no description available] | 7.28 | 5 | 5 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | oxapenam | antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
| pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen |
| oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist |
| ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol: A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.. ethchlorvynol : Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
| astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carotenol; carotenone | animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite |
| diosmin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant |
| cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid | plant metabolite |
| sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | |
| coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite |
| rokitamycin rokitamycin: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent |
| etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
| isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent |
| misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| epoprostenol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins I | mouse metabolite |
| ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cinnamic acids | |
| triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines | H1-receptor antagonist |
| pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic) | antioxidant |
| alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| codeine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| natamycin [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug |
| acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
| cloprednol cloprednol: relative anti-inflammatory potency twice prednisolone; synthetic glucocorticoid; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
| cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females. | 5.38 | 5 | 3 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | androgen antagonist |
| dothiepin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dothiepin | |
| estropipate estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | piperazinium salt; steroid sulfate | |
| hydroxystilbamidine hydroxystilbamidine: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search STILBAMIDINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| meprednisone [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
| nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| acepreval acepreval: topical steroid used for skin disease therapy | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| proscillaridin Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester | anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker |
| alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant |
| geldanamycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| demycarosylturimycin h [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer. | 6.78 | 5 | 4 | organic molecular entity | |
| iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol | platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| vinorelbine [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent |
| furazolidone [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| stilbamidine stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound | |
| molsidomine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene | antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| cefixime [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug |
| indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide | HIV protease inhibitor |
| zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | styrenes | |
| enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
| nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| bleomycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bleomycin | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 4.32 | 2 | 2 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone | apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor |
| ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide | anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor |
| ceftriaxone [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
| ceftazidime [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| guanabenz acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | geroprotector |
| famotidine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide | anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| 2,3-n-octanoylsphingosine N-octanoylsphingosine : An N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acylsphingosine | |
| cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| aztreonam [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite |
| (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. | 2 | 1 | 0 | (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid | |
| epoprostenol sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| pregnanediol [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ixabepilone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle | antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent |
| azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | nitrofuran antibiotic | |
| roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | roxithromycin | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| etonogestrel [no description available] | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin |
| beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent |
| lanreotide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| estradiol-3-o-sulfamate [no description available] | 3.48 | 1 | 1 | ||
| lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| nifursol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| norethisterone-3-oxime [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| naloxonazine naloxonazine: binds irreversibly to opiate receptor sites; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fosinopril [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rwj 68354 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| etomoxir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| abt-770 ABT-770: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 9-n-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine 9-N-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gentamicin sulfate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mk 936 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| medrogestone Medrogestone: 6,17-Dimethylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone. It is used in the treatment of menstrual irregularities and has also been employed in the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy and endometrial carcinoma. | 5.75 | 3 | 2 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| azacosterol Azacosterol: Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor |
| dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class. | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | ||
| tak 385 relugolix: structure in first source | 8.54 | 7 | 3 | ||
| homatropine methylbromide homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent |
| baci-im [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent |
| elagolix [no description available] | 9.2 | 11 | 1 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| vindesine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| norgestimate [no description available] | 10.49 | 4 | 4 | ||
| pf 03491390 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 16 alpha-ethyl-21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnene-3,20-dione [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.89 | 1 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tannin | |
| ularitide Ularitide: a 32-amino acid peptide derived from (95-126 residues) of ANP PROHORMONE (1-126 residues); not biologically inactivated by a peptidase from dog kidney cortex membranes | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | ||
| c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin. | 6.34 | 4 | 3 | ||
| endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 6.29 | 8 | 5 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| menotropins Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations. | 5.2 | 4 | 1 | ||
| mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonic acid | |
| cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic) | |
| monensin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxacillin sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
| trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6. | 5.23 | 4 | 3 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist |
| piroxicam [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
| mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| bephenium hydroxynaphthoate bephenium hydroxynaphthoate: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
| rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS. | 4.39 | 2 | 2 | ||
| ajmaline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis. | 9.83 | 39 | 17 | ||
| thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| inosine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| viomycin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide antibiotic | antitubercular agent |
| rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dacarbazine | |
| didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| ganciclovir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antiinfective agent; antiviral drug |
| sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols | antiviral drug |
| oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolopyrimidine | drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor |
| raltitrexed [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | formyltetrahydrofolic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| alanosine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer |
| rifabutin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 5.51 | 4 | 4 | ||
| pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O. | 6.76 | 5 | 2 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| American Trypanosomiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 6.6 | 4 | 1 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 6.6 | 4 | 1 |
| Anemia, Fanconi [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibroid [description not available] | 0 | 15.91 | 73 | 15 |
| Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 17.84 | 24 | 14 |
| Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. | 1 | 22.91 | 73 | 15 |
| Menorrhagia Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION. | 0 | 12.84 | 24 | 14 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 14.23 | 37 | 17 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 14.23 | 37 | 17 |
| Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. | 0 | 3.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 7.95 | 9 | 6 |
| Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available] | 0 | 10.6 | 21 | 16 |
| Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency. | 0 | 10.6 | 21 | 16 |
| Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available] | 0 | 9.72 | 17 | 8 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 5.9 | 6 | 4 |
| Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation. | 0 | 9.72 | 17 | 8 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 1 | 5.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 1 | 7.9 | 6 | 4 |
| Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia. | 0 | 9.8 | 24 | 16 |
| Endometrial Hyperplasia Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant. | 1 | 16.8 | 24 | 16 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 7.34 | 5 | 3 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 7.97 | 11 | 5 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 10.59 | 27 | 18 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 11.08 | 27 | 7 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 5.77 | 4 | 2 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 1 | 13.08 | 27 | 7 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 5.77 | 4 | 2 |
| Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Exanthem [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 3.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185) | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hot Flashes A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 0 | 12.53 | 26 | 22 |
| Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst. | 0 | 13.63 | 43 | 14 |
| Anorectal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6.01 | 7 | 4 |
| Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin. | 0 | 16.27 | 17 | 9 |
| Dyspareunia Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female. | 0 | 5.76 | 7 | 3 |
| Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum. | 1 | 15.63 | 43 | 14 |
| Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 6.01 | 7 | 4 |
| Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA. | 0 | 6.2 | 7 | 5 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 6.89 | 6 | 1 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 6.89 | 6 | 1 |
| Bleeding Between Periods [description not available] | 0 | 7.36 | 7 | 4 |
| Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY. | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
| Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Metrorrhagia Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM. | 0 | 7.36 | 7 | 4 |
| Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 1 | 12.96 | 32 | 7 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 5.25 | 4 | 3 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.99 | 3 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 6.96 | 6 | 5 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 4.99 | 3 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 6.96 | 6 | 5 |
| Hypomenorrhea [description not available] | 0 | 7.17 | 8 | 1 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Menstruation, Painful [description not available] | 0 | 5.05 | 5 | 2 |
| Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation. | 0 | 5.05 | 5 | 2 |
| Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY. | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 3 | 1 |
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| 46, XY Gonadal Dysgenesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 4.13 | 3 | 1 |
| Carotid Artery Thrombosis Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure. | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available] | 0 | 11.14 | 37 | 26 |
| Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 14.71 | 77 | 41 |
| Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding. | 0 | 11.14 | 37 | 26 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 5.42 | 5 | 3 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 8.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 4.66 | 3 | 2 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 4.66 | 3 | 2 |
| Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight. | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Sex Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 5.31 | 2 | 2 |
| Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female. | 0 | 5.31 | 2 | 2 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency [description not available] | 0 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene. | 1 | 7 | 3 | 1 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 6.73 | 6 | 4 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 6.73 | 6 | 4 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 3.82 | 2 | 1 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemoperitoneum Accumulations of blood in the PERITONEAL CAVITY due to internal HEMORRHAGE. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 6.44 | 3 | 1 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 5.69 | 2 | 1 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 5.69 | 2 | 1 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 6.44 | 3 | 1 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 4.87 | 4 | 2 |
| Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 4.66 | 3 | 2 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 9.57 | 11 | 6 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 9.57 | 11 | 6 |
| Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 6.77 | 6 | 4 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 4.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 4.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. | 0 | 6.77 | 6 | 4 |
| Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Cancer of Endometrium [description not available] | 0 | 5.2 | 6 | 2 |
| Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells. | 0 | 5.2 | 6 | 2 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism). | 1 | 4.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Elevated Cholesterol [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 2 | 2 |
| Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. | 0 | 4.35 | 2 | 2 |
| Leanness [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Icterus [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Androgenization [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 6.95 | 8 | 4 |
| Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 6.95 | 8 | 4 |
| Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenohypophyseal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures. | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder. | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 1 |
| Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses. | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 1 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 4.86 | 4 | 2 |
| Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Chronic Insomnia [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 4.37 | 2 | 2 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Muscular Weakness [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Dizzyness [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 2 | 2 |
| Dysesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 4.36 | 2 | 2 |
| Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251) | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperidrosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperandrogenism A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. | 0 | 7.62 | 9 | 7 |
| Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Activated Protein C Resistance A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance. | 0 | 4.37 | 2 | 2 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Sterility, Female [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 0 |
| Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception. | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 0 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 1 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 1 |
| Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hydatid Mole [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Ectopic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hydatidiform Mole Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Pregnancy, Ectopic A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies ( | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hansen Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Froehlich's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
| Anovulation Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy. | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 0 |
| Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression, Endogenous [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 4.98 | 3 | 3 |
| Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea. | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Low Bone Density [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Turner Syndrome A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiodysplasia Acquired degenerative dilation or expansion (ectasia) of normal BLOOD VESSELS, often associated with aging. They are isolated, tortuous, thin-walled vessels and sources of bleeding. They occur most often in mucosal capillaries of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT leading to GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE and ANEMIA. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 2 | 2 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 4.35 | 2 | 2 |
| Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Female Genital Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Antral Vascular Ectasia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acne [description not available] | 0 | 4.33 | 2 | 2 |
| Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 1 | 6.33 | 2 | 2 |
| Hypercoagulability [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS. | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Gastric Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Angor Pectoris [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 2 | 2 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. | 0 | 4.36 | 2 | 2 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Menopause, Premature The premature cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) when the last menstrual period occurs in a woman under the age of 40. It is due to the depletion of OVARIAN FOLLICLES. Premature MENOPAUSE can be caused by diseases; OVARIECTOMY; RADIATION; chemicals; and chromosomal abnormalities. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Fracture, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results. | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenosis of Breast [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Chlamydia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cervix Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.27 | 1 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 1 | 1 |
| Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 3.35 | 1 | 1 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |