Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.
ChEBI ID: 83813
| Member | Definition | Role |
|---|---|---|
| alanine | The L-enantiomer of alanine. | L-alanine zwitterion; L-alanine |
| arginine | An L-alpha-amino acid that is the L-isomer of arginine. | L-arginine |
| asparagine | An optically active form of asparagine having L-configuration. | L-asparagine zwitterion; L-asparagine |
| aspartic acid | The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | L-aspartic acid |
| cysteine | An optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration. | L-cysteine zwitterion; L-cysteine |
| glutamic acid | An optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration. | L-glutamic acid |
| glutamine | An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration. | L-glutamine zwitterion; L-glutamine |
| glycine | The simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain. | glycine zwitterion; glycine |
| histidine | The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine. | L-histidine zwitterion; L-histidine |
| isoleucine | The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | L-isoleucine zwitterion; L-isoleucine |
| leucine | The L-enantiomer of leucine. | L-leucine zwitterion; L-leucine |
| lysine | An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | L-Lysine zwitterion; L-lysine |
| methionine | The L-enantiomer of methionine. | L-methionine zwitterion; L-methionine |
| n-formylmethionine | A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. | N-formyl-L-methionine |
| phenylalanine | The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine. | L-phenylalanine zwitterion; L-phenylalanine |
| proline | Pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. | L-proline zwitterion; L-proline |
| pyrrolysine | A N(6)-acyl-L-lysine having (2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl as the N(6)-acyl group. | L-pyrrolysine zwitterion; L-pyrrolysine |
| serine | The L-enantiomer of serine. | L-serine zwitterion; L-serine |
| threonine | An optically active form of threonine having L-configuration. | L-threonine zwitterion; L-threonine |
| tryptophan | The L-enantiomer of tryptophan. | L-tryptophan zwitterion; L-tryptophan |
| tyrosine | An optically active form of tyrosine having L-configuration. | L-tyrosine zwitterion; L-tyrosine |
| valine | The L-enantiomer of valine. | L-valine zwitterion; L-valine |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs in This Class (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 114,628 (30.65) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 66,129 (17.68) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 89,019 (23.80) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 77,823 (20.81) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 26,385 (7.06) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs in This Class (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 11,149 (2.27%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 22,145 (4.51%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 9,664 (1.97%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 544 (0.11%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 447,910 (91.15%) | 84.16% |