4-phenylbutyric acid profile

4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	4775
CHEMBL ID	1469
CHEBI ID	41500
SCHEMBL ID	1716
MeSH ID	M0204041

Synonym
AC-3254
unii-7wy7ybi87e
ec 217-341-8
7wy7ybi87e ,
MLS001076482
EN300-35719
BRD-K67102207-236-01-0
BRD-K67102207-001-02-6
PBA ,
MLS000069408 ,
smr000059104
DIVK1C_006910
NCI60_002455
NCI60_020145
SPECTRUM_001331
BSPBIO_002484
4-phenyl butyric acid
SPECTRUM5_001003
HDINHIB_000004 ,
4-phenylbutanoic acid
1821-12-1
nsc-295
nsc295
phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid
butyric acid, 4-phenyl-
.omega.-phenylbutanoic acid
benzenebutyric acid
1-phenylbutyric acid
.gamma.-phenylbutyric acid
benzenebutanoic acid
4-phenylbutyric acid, 99%
2AY7
4-phenyl-butanoic acid
gamma-phenyl-butyric acid
gamma-phenylbutyric acid
nsc 295
omega-phenylbutanoic acid
einecs 217-341-8
ai3-12065
KBIO2_006947
KBIO2_004379
KBIO1_001854
KBIO3_001704
KBIOSS_001811
KBIOGR_000384
KBIO2_001811
SPECTRUM2_001798
SPBIO_001755
SPECTRUM3_000782
SPECTRUM4_000092
SPECPLUS_000814
NCGC00018113-01
2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine
inchi=1/c10h12o2/c11-10(12)8-4-7-9-5-2-1-3-6-9/h1-3,5-6h,4,7-8h2,(h,11,12)
obkxeaxtfzpchs-uhfffaoysa-
chebi:41500 ,
phenylbutanoic acid
CHEMBL1469
AKOS000154540
BMSE000701
358730-86-6
4-phenylbutyric acid-13c6
P0643
NCGC00018113-03
NCGC00018113-02
NCGC00018113-04
HMS3259M07
A812651
4-phenyl-butyric acid
HMS2234G14
STL164372
S3592
CCG-39733
FT-0673736
FT-0619401
gamma-phenyl-n-butyric acid
4-phenyl-n-butyric acid
omega-phenylbutyric acid
AM84635
EPITOPE ID:167707
3TZ2
CX1106
NC00469
SCHEMBL1716
mfcd00004403
SY004771
PS-4322
3-phenylpropylcarboxylic acid
.gamma.-phenyl-n-butyric acid
461391-24-2
Q-200507
4-phenolsulfonic acid sodium
STR05306
gamma-phenylbutanoic acid
gtpl8480
OPERA_ID_387
DTXSID2037631 ,
4-phenylbutyric-d11 acid
DB06819
F2190-0002
CS-D1686
4-pba;benzenebutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid (4-pba)
bdbm50480960
4-phenyl-butyrate
gamma-phenylbutyrate
g-phenylbutyrate
w-phenylbutanoic acid
gamma-phenyl-butyrate
g-phenyl-butyric acid
benzenebutyrate
w-phenylbutanoate
omega-phenylbutanoate
g-phenylbutanoate
benzenebutanoate
g-phenyl-butyrate
g-phenylbutanoic acid
4-phenyl-n-butyrate
g-phenylbutyric acid
gamma-phenylbutanoate
HY-A0281
4-phenylbutyric-2,2,3,3-d4 acid
Q27088364
1262970-43-3
C21793
BCP10715
4-phenylbutyric acid sodium 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile:water
NCGC00018113-18
Z234895119
dtxcid0017631

Role	Description
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor	An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98).
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
apoptosis inducer	Any substance that induces the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
prodrug	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
monocarboxylic acid	An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.0621	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID2517
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0398	16.7842	39.8107	AID1454
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.1220	0.1259	12.2344	35.4813	AID1458
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	260.0000	0.0004	0.6196	10.0000	AID569930
Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0002	0.4237	8.1900	AID447579
Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2,000.0000	0.0006	1.0526	10.0000	AID569932
Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0002	1.6255	9.1242	AID447579
Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	64.0000	0.0001	0.5543	9.9000	AID569928
Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0000	0.4988	8.1900	AID447579
Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2,000.0000	0.0007	1.0260	9.9000	AID569934
Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0002	2.0005	9.5000	AID447579
Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	65.0000	0.0001	0.7221	9.9700	AID569929
Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0000	0.4709	8.1900	AID447579
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0000	0.7687	8.1900	AID447579
Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0001	1.2147	8.1900	AID447579
Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	93.0000	0.0007	0.9947	9.9000	AID569931
Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0002	0.7525	8.1900	AID447579
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	100.0000	0.1000	3.3800	6.6000	AID699752
Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	240.0000	0.0000	0.5376	9.9000	AID569936
Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0001	0.4156	8.1900	AID447579
Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2,000.0000	0.0005	0.9413	9.9000	AID569935
Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0002	1.8520	9.0000	AID447579
Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2,000.0000	0.0007	0.9610	10.0000	AID569933
Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.8000	0.0002	1.2993	9.5000	AID447579
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain B, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain A, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain B, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain A, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain B, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain A, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain B, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain A, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain B, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain A, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain B, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain A, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain B, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain A, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain B, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain A, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
Chain B, AROMATIC AMINO ACID AMINOTRANSFERASE	Paracoccus denitrificans	Kd	5,000.0000	280.0000	4,495.0000	6,900.0000	AID977611
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of myotube differentiation	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin organization	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stability	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TOR signaling	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of multicellular organism growth	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of JNK cascade	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle assembly	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of skin barrier	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fluid shear stress	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cornified envelope assembly	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
epigenetic regulation of gene expression	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of myotube differentiation	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein sumoylation	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein sumoylation	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-lysine deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycolytic process	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of myotube differentiation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of signaling receptor activity	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin organization	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoderm development	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hippocampus development	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron differentiation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell fate specification	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic digit morphogenesis	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation by host of viral transcription	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte differentiation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hair follicle placode formation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
eyelid development in camera-type eye	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
fungiform papilla formation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of stem cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heterochromatin formation	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
vasculogenesis	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction assembly	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein sumoylation	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-2 production	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mRNA processing	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of signaling receptor activity	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron projection development	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite development	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to caffeine	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
heterochromatin formation	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 production	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heat	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotine	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein modification process	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cocaine	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell fate specification	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic digit morphogenesis	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of proteolysis	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to ethanol	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hyperoxia	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
hair follicle placode formation	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dendritic spine development	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
eyelid development in camera-type eye	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
fungiform papilla formation	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to retinoic acid	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of male mating behavior	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to dopamine	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of stem cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin organization	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
macroautophagy	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mismatch repair	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
homologous recombination	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
polyamine deacetylation	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine deacetylation	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
epigenetic regulation of gene expression	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin organization	Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte development	Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)
epigenetic regulation of gene expression	Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin organization	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic sister chromatid cohesion	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stability	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of telomere maintenance	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
epigenetic regulation of gene expression	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deacetylation	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deacetylation	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion organization	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ketone biosynthetic process	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient levels	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
protein demalonylation	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-lysine demalonylation	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
protein desuccinylation	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-lysine desuccinylation	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deglutarylation	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
epigenetic regulation of gene expression	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
polyamine deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of signaling receptor activity	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein polyubiquitination	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular protein transport	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
actin filament organization	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of autophagy	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial cell migration	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of macroautophagy	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
axonal transport of mitochondrion	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stability	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein destabilization	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome localization	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex disassembly	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heat	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-lysine deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to immobilization stress	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to topologically incorrect protein	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
erythrocyte enucleation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
collateral sprouting	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to corticosterone	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to misfolded protein	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assembly	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule-based movement	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine morphogenesis	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cilium disassembly	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of establishment of protein localization	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
aggresome assembly	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
polyubiquitinated misfolded protein transport	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to growth factor	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to misfolded protein	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to dexamethasone	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
tubulin deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tubulin deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein acetylation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of aggrephagy	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
epigenetic regulation of gene expression	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokine production	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron differentiation	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulus	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-lysine deacetylation	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of myotube differentiation	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of myotube differentiation	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
response to activity	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron differentiation	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulus	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cocaine	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
transcription corepressor binding	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor activity	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin binding	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB binding	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein decrotonylase activity	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
histone decrotonylase activity	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
histone binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
SUMO transferase activity	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activity	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleosomal DNA binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor activity	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Krueppel-associated box domain binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
E-box binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
histone decrotonylase activity	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor activity	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C binding	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
SUMO transferase activity	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleosomal DNA binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
heat shock protein binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
histone binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
histone decrotonylase activity	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
deacetylase activity	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylputrescine deacetylase activity	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylspermidine deacetylase activity	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein binding	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp90 protein binding	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
histone decrotonylase activity	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
NAD-dependent protein lysine deacetylase activity	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-malonyllysine demalonylase activity	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-succinyllysine desuccinylase activity	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-glutaryllysine deglutarylase activity	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
NAD+ binding	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylspermidine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
actin binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
tubulin deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-tubulin binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
misfolded protein binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp90 protein binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
dynein complex binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor activity	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C binding	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K14 deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K9 deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H4K16 deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
protein lysine deacetylase activity	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NuRD complex	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Sin3-type complex	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heterochromatin	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome, telomeric region	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
NuRD complex	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Sin3-type complex	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ESC/E(Z) complex	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Histone deacetylase 11	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear chromosome	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial intermembrane space	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
multivesicular body	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
inclusion body	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
aggresome	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cell leading edge	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary basal body	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
axon cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule associated complex	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
histone methyltransferase complex	Histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase complex	Histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID775488	Protection against ER stress-induced human SH-SY5Y cell damage assessed as cell viability at 3 mM after 48 hrs by crystal violet assay in presence of tunicamycin	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21	4-Phenylbutyric acid protects against neuronal cell death by primarily acting as a chemical chaperone rather than histone deacetylase inhibitor.
AID299645	Inhibition of HDAC in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in histone H4 acetylation at 2 mM after 48 hrs	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Induction of GRP78 by valproic acid is dependent upon histone deacetylase inhibition.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID569945	Inhibition of HDAC6 in mouse primary forebrain neurons assessed as acetylation of tubulin at 92.5 uM after 24 hrs by immunofluorescence assay	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID1869831	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID569931	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC8	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID569930	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC3	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID1190758	Chemical chaperone activity assessed as suppression of alpha-lactalbumin-bovine serum albumin aggregation at 3 mM by turbidity assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Evaluation of synthetic naphthalene derivatives as novel chemical chaperones that mimic 4-phenylbutyric acid.
AID299653	Inhibition of GSK3-beta at 2 mM relative to control	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 17, Issue:16	Induction of GRP78 by valproic acid is dependent upon histone deacetylase inhibition.
AID566435	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Antiproliferative activity of phenylbutyrate ester of haloperidol metabolite II [(±)-MRJF4] in prostate cancer cells.
AID1189668	Induction of cell cycle arrest in rat C6 cells assessed as accumulation at G2/M phase after 24 and 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90	Haloperidol metabolite II prodrug: asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation on rat C6 glioma cells.
AID566560	Inhibition of HDAC in human LNCAP cells at 1.5 mM after 10 mins by fluorometric assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Antiproliferative activity of phenylbutyrate ester of haloperidol metabolite II [(±)-MRJF4] in prostate cancer cells.
AID1189672	Inhibition of HDAC in rat C6 cells assessed as increase in histone H3 acetylation at 5 uM after 15 hrs by flow cytometry	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90	Haloperidol metabolite II prodrug: asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation on rat C6 glioma cells.
AID1869829	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID1869856	Apparent permeability across apical to basolateral side in human Caco-2 cells at 2 uM measured after 2 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1869857	Apparent permeability across basolateral to apical side in human Caco-2 cells at 2 uM measured after 2 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1869858	Efflux ratio of apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side over apical to basolateral side in human Caco2 cells by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1869883	Induction of cell cycle arrest in human A-375 cells assessed as accumulation at G1 phase at 10 mM incubated for 24 hrs by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 68.07 %)
AID310933	Permeability across PAMPA membrane after 7 hrs	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-22, Volume: 50, Issue:4	In silico and in vitro filters for the fast estimation of skin permeation and distribution of new chemical entities.
AID1869830	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID1189664	Cytotoxicity against rat C6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.1 to 5 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90	Haloperidol metabolite II prodrug: asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation on rat C6 glioma cells.
AID569936	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC6	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID569935	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC9	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1869899	Inhibition of glycolysis in human A-375 cells assessed as reduction in extracellular acidification rate at 5 mM measured after 4 hrs
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID566556	Inhibition of HDAC in human PC3 cells at 1.5 mM after 10 mins by fluorometric assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Antiproliferative activity of phenylbutyrate ester of haloperidol metabolite II [(±)-MRJF4] in prostate cancer cells.
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID699752	Inhibition of SIRT5	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-14, Volume: 55, Issue:11	Substrates for efficient fluorometric screening employing the NAD-dependent sirtuin 5 lysine deacylase (KDAC) enzyme.
AID569932	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC4	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID1189669	Induction of cell cycle arrest in rat C6 cells assessed as increase in accumulation at S phase after 72 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90	Haloperidol metabolite II prodrug: asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation on rat C6 glioma cells.
AID775489	Inhibition of HDAC in human SH-SY5Y cells under ER stress assessed as acetylated H3 levels at 3 mM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis in presence of tunicamycin	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21	4-Phenylbutyric acid protects against neuronal cell death by primarily acting as a chemical chaperone rather than histone deacetylase inhibitor.
AID1190759	Protection against ER stress-induced human SH-SY5Y cell damage assessed as cell viability at 0.1 mM after 48 hrs by crystal violet assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 25, Issue:4	Evaluation of synthetic naphthalene derivatives as novel chemical chaperones that mimic 4-phenylbutyric acid.
AID566432	Displacement radioligand form dopamine D2 receptor in rat striatum by liquid scintillation counting	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Antiproliferative activity of phenylbutyrate ester of haloperidol metabolite II [(±)-MRJF4] in prostate cancer cells.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID775490	Chemical chaperone activity assessed as suppression of alpha-lactalbumin-bovine serum albumin aggregation at 3 mM by turbidity assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21	4-Phenylbutyric acid protects against neuronal cell death by primarily acting as a chemical chaperone rather than histone deacetylase inhibitor.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1189670	Antimigratory activity against rat C6 cells assessed as cell migration level at 5 uM after 24 hrs by transwell chamber assay (Rvb = 60%)	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90	Haloperidol metabolite II prodrug: asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation on rat C6 glioma cells.
AID1474167	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID447579	Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts by fluorimetric assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Molecular modifications on carboxylic acid derivatives as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors: Activity and docking studies.
AID1189671	Inhibition of HDAC in rat C6 cells assessed as increase in histone H3 acetylation at 5 uM after 6 hrs by flow cytometry (Rvb = 4.5%)	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90	Haloperidol metabolite II prodrug: asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation on rat C6 glioma cells.
AID310931	Partition coefficient, log P of the compound	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-22, Volume: 50, Issue:4	In silico and in vitro filters for the fast estimation of skin permeation and distribution of new chemical entities.
AID566433	Displacement radioligand form dopamine D3 receptor in rat olfactory tubercle by liquid scintillation counting	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Antiproliferative activity of phenylbutyrate ester of haloperidol metabolite II [(±)-MRJF4] in prostate cancer cells.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1869889	Induction of cell cycle arrest in human A-375 cells assessed as accumulation at G2 phase at 10 mM incubated for 24 hrs by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 7.92 %)
AID1750491	Reduction of propionyl-CoA in human hepatocytes derived from propionic acidemia patient at 100 uM pretreated for 30 mins followed by 13C-isoleucine addition and measured after 1 hr by MS/MS analysis relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-22, Volume: 64, Issue:8	Identification of 2,2-Dimethylbutanoic Acid (HST5040), a Clinical Development Candidate for the Treatment of Propionic Acidemia and Methylmalonic Acidemia.
AID1750492	Reduction of propionyl-CoA in human hepatocytes derived from propionic acidemia patient pretreated for 30 mins followed by 13C-isoleucine addition and measured after 1 hr by MS/MS analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-22, Volume: 64, Issue:8	Identification of 2,2-Dimethylbutanoic Acid (HST5040), a Clinical Development Candidate for the Treatment of Propionic Acidemia and Methylmalonic Acidemia.
AID566553	Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cells at 1.5 mM after 10 mins by fluorometric assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Antiproliferative activity of phenylbutyrate ester of haloperidol metabolite II [(±)-MRJF4] in prostate cancer cells.
AID566430	Displacement of [3H]-(+)-pentazocine from sigma 1 receptor in guinea pig brain membrane after 150 mins by liquid scintillation counting	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Antiproliferative activity of phenylbutyrate ester of haloperidol metabolite II [(±)-MRJF4] in prostate cancer cells.
AID1869890	Inhibition of cell invasion in human A-375 cells at 10 mM measured at 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based transwell assay
AID569934	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC7	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID1474166	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1189667	Induction of cell cycle arrest in rat C6 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase after 24 and 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90	Haloperidol metabolite II prodrug: asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation on rat C6 glioma cells.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID569937	Inhibition of HDAC6 in human HeLa cells assessed as acetylation of tubulin after 24 hrs by immunofluorescence assay	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID1869828	Antiproliferative activity against human A-375 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID657099	Restoration of human BSEP E297G mutant trafficking to cell membrane in MDCK2 cells co-expressing NTCP assessed as increase in [3H]taurocholate transport measuring apparent efflux clearance across the apical membrane at 1 mM preincubated for 24 hrs prior i	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Discovery and structural development of small molecules that enhance transport activity of bile salt export pump mutant associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2.
AID1869910	Antitumor activity against human A-375 cells xenografted in nude mouse assessed as tumor inhibition ratio at 80 mg/kg, ip measured once every two days for 14 days
AID1149945	Inhibition of chymotrypsin (unknown origin)	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Quantitative structure-activity relationship of chymotrypsin-ligand interactions.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1869926	Effect on mitochondrial bio-energestics in human A-375 cells assessed as increase in OCR/ECRA ratio at 5 mM measured after 4 hrs
AID569933	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC5	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID566431	Displacement of [3H]DTG from sigma 2 receptor in guinea pig brain membrane after 120 mins by liquid scintillation counting	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Antiproliferative activity of phenylbutyrate ester of haloperidol metabolite II [(±)-MRJF4] in prostate cancer cells.
AID566434	Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Antiproliferative activity of phenylbutyrate ester of haloperidol metabolite II [(±)-MRJF4] in prostate cancer cells.
AID1869884	Induction of cell cycle arrest in human A-375 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase at 10 mM incubated for 24 hrs by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 24.01 %)
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID569944	Inhibition of HDAC in mouse primary forebrain neurons assessed as acetylation of histone H2A at 92.5 uM after 24 hrs by immunofluorescence assay	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID569929	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC2	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID1189666	Induction of cell cycle arrest in rat C6 cells assessed as accumulation at G1 phase after 24 and 48 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90	Haloperidol metabolite II prodrug: asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation on rat C6 glioma cells.
AID1869876	Inhibition of colony formation in human A-375 cells at 10 mM preincubated for 72 hrs followed by drug free medium addition for 10 to 14 days by crystal violet staining based analysis
AID569928	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC1	2010	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 2, Issue:1	Effect of Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase with Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Hydroxamic Acid Analogs on Vertebrate Development and Neuronal Chromatin.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID588461	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588461	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588461	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588459	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588459	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588459	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588460	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588460	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588460	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1745854	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745855	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	1999	Biochemistry, Jan-26, Volume: 38, Issue:4	The active site of Paracoccus denitrificans aromatic amino acid aminotransferase has contrary properties: flexibility and rigidity.
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	1999	Biochemistry, Jan-26, Volume: 38, Issue:4	The active site of Paracoccus denitrificans aromatic amino acid aminotransferase has contrary properties: flexibility and rigidity.
AID1224864	HCS microscopy assay (F508del-CFTR)	2016	PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:10	Increasing the Endoplasmic Reticulum Pool of the F508del Allele of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Leads to Greater Folding Correction by Small Molecule Therapeutics.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	12 (1.74)	18.7374
1990's	22 (3.20)	18.2507
2000's	119 (17.30)	29.6817
2010's	426 (61.92)	24.3611
2020's	109 (15.84)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	24 (3.43%)	5.53%
Reviews	35 (5.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	15 (2.14%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	626 (89.43%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (49)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study of Sodium Phenylbutyrate and Low-Dose Arginine Compared to High-Dose Arginine Alone on Liver Function, Ureagenesis and Subsequent Nitric Oxide Production in Patients With Argininosuccinic Aciduria[NCT00345605]	Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
Phenylbutyrate in SCA3: a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Determine Safety and Efficacy of Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Patients With SCA3[NCT01096095]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Regulatory authorities did not allow the entrance of the study drug in the country)
Clinical Trial of Oral Phenylbutyrate and Vitamin D Adjunctive Therapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Bangladesh: a Pilot Study[NCT01580007]	Phase 2	288 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Completed
Phenylbutyrate for Monogenetic Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy[NCT04937062]	Early Phase 1	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Enrolling by invitation
A Phase II Study of Safety and Efficacy of AMX0035 in Adult Patients With Wolfram Syndrome[NCT05676034]	Phase 2	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-03	Recruiting
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Cross-Over, Active-Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of HPN-100, Glyceryl Tri-(4-phenylbutyrate), for the Treatment of Adults With Urea Cycle Disorders (Help UCD)[NCT00992459]	Phase 3	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Completed
A Randomized, Crossover, Open-label Phase 1 Study of Glyceryl Tri-(4-phenylbutyrate) (GT4P)[NCT00977600]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial of Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Pediatric Subjects With Type II/III Spinal Muscular Atrophy[NCT00439569]	Phase 1/Phase 2	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Due to poor compliance with study drug administration.)
Phenylbutyrate Response As a Biomarker for Alpha-Synuclein Clearance From Brain[NCT02046434]	Phase 1	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial of Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Pediatric Subjects With Type I Spinal Muscular Atrophy[NCT00439218]	Phase 1/Phase 2	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Extremely slow enrollment)
Mechanism of Fatty Acid-induced Impairment of Glucose-stimulated Insulin Secretion - Effect of Buphenyl[NCT00533559]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
A Pilot Trial of Phenylbutyrate/Genistein Duotherapy in Delta F508-Heterozygous Cystic Fibrosis Patients[NCT00590538]	Phase 1/Phase 2	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to 12/15/2008 Voluntarily placed on inactive status-requested by the PI)
Safety and Tolerability of Phenylbutyrate in Inclusion Body Myositis[NCT04421677]	Phase 1	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-20	Completed
Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Metabolic Function[NCT00771901]		101 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
A Pilot Study of Phenylbutyrate, Dexamethasone and GM-CSF in Refractory or Relapsed t(8;21) Acute Myeloid Leukemia[NCT00006240]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	2000-10-31	Completed
A Pilot Trial of Phenylbutyrate/Genistein Duotherapy in Delta F508-Homozygous Cystic Fibrosis Patients[NCT00016744]	Phase 1/Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-09-30	Completed
Transition From Buphenyl to RAVICTI for the Therapy of Byler Disease[NCT01949766]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
Pilot Study of Sodium Phenylbutyrate Plus Azacytidine[NCT00006019]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	2000-05-31	Completed
Phase II Trial of Phenylbutyrate Given as a Continuous Infusion in Pediatric Patients With Progressive or Recurrent CNS Malignancy[NCT00006450]	Phase 2	120 participants	Interventional	2000-11-30	Completed
A Phase 2, Fixed-Sequence, Open-Label, Switch-Over Study of the Safety and Tolerability of HPN-100 Compared to Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Children 6-17 Years of Age With Urea Cycle Disorders, With a Long-Term Safety Extension[NCT00947544]	Phase 2	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
A Phase II Study of Phenylbutyrate and Valganciclovir in Epstein-Barr Virus Positive Tumors[NCT00387530]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Withdrawn
A Phase I, Dose-Finding Trial of Sodium Phenylbutrate (NSC 657802) in Combination With All Trans-retinoic Acid (ATRA, NSC 122758) in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)[NCT00006239]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	2000-12-31	Completed
Phenylbutyrate Development for Huntington's Disease (PHEND-HD): A Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With Open-Label Follow-Up to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Phenylbutyrate in Subjects With Huntington's Disease[NCT00212316]	Phase 2	60 participants	Interventional	2005-08-31	Completed
A Phase 2, Open-Label, Fixed Dose Study to Evaluate the Use of Sodium Phenylbutyrate (ACER-001) in the Treatment of Pediatric and Adult Patients With MCAD Deficiency Caused by the Common ACADM c.985 A>G (K304E) Mutation[NCT06069375]	Phase 2	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Recruiting
Phase I-II Study of Fluorouracil in Combination With Phenylbutyrate, Indomethacin and Recombinant Human Interferon-Gamma in Advanced Colorectal Cancer[NCT00002796]	Phase 1/Phase 2	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1997-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Administratively complete.)
Long Term Use of HPN-100 in Urea Cycle Disorders[NCT01257737]	Phase 4	88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-04	Completed
Safety and Dose Escalating Study of Oral Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Subjects With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis[NCT00107770]	Phase 1/Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
Jian-She Wang of Children's Hospital of Fudan University[NCT04531878]	Phase 2/Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-02-08	Withdrawn(stopped due to lack of funding)
A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Dose Escalation Trial of Glycerol Phenylbutyrate Corrector Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis[NCT02323100]	Phase 1/Phase 2	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-02	Terminated(stopped due to funding ended)
Immune Reconstitution in Tuberculosis Disease Using Antimicrobial Treatment With Vitamin D and Phenylbutyrate[NCT01698476]	Phase 2	390 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Immune Reconstitution in HIV Disease Using Antimicrobial Treatment With Vitamin D and Phenylbutyrate[NCT01702974]	Phase 2	279 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Compassionate Use of Buphenyl® in the Treatment of Byler's Disease[NCT01784718]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of Phenylbutyrate in the Treatment of Maple Syrup Urine Disease[NCT01529060]	Phase 2/Phase 3	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
A Randomised, Controlled, Open-Label Parallel Arm Study of Safety, PK and Ammonia Control of RAVICTI® (Glycerol Phenylbutyrate) Oral Liquid and Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Phenylbutyrate Treatment Naïve Patients With Urea Cycle Disorders[NCT03335488]	Phase 4	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-20	Completed
A Phase 3, Open-Label Study of the Safety of HPN-100 for the Long-Term Treatment of Urea Cycle Disorders (Treat UCD)[NCT00947297]	Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Trial of Phenylbutyrate Given as a Continuous Infusion in Pediatric Patients With Refractory Malignancy[NCT00001565]	Phase 1	35 participants	Interventional	1996-12-31	Completed
A PHASE I CLINICAL AND PHARMACOLOGIC EVALUATION OF PHENYLBUTYRATE IN PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY SOLID TUMORS: STUDY OF CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE ORAL PHENYLBUTYRATE ON A THREE TIMES DAILY SCHEDULE[NCT00002909]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1997-02-28	Completed
[NCT00004767]	Phase 2	20 participants	Interventional	1985-01-31	Completed
Evaluation of the Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy and Activity of AMX0035, a Fixed Combination of Phenylbutyrate (PB) and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA), for the Treatment of ALS[NCT03127514]	Phase 2	137 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-22	Completed
Glycerol-Phenylbutyrate Treatment in Children With MCT Mutation (Allan-Herndon- Dudley Syndrome)[NCT05019417]	Phase 2/Phase 3	6 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-30	Recruiting
The Effects of Sodium Phenylbutyrate on Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acid Concentrations in Obese and Prediabetics.[NCT05028803]		6 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-01	Recruiting
Pilot Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Phenylbutyrate Therapy for Patients With Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency.[NCT03734263]	Phase 2	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-01	Completed
Comparative Efficacy of Phenylbutyrate vs. Benzoate in Urea Cycle Disorders[NCT02111200]		7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Prospective Phase I/II Study to Evaluate Effects of Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Pre-symptomatic Infants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy[NCT00528268]	Phase 1/Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
A Phase 2, Open-Label, Switch-Over, Dose-Escalation Study of the Safety and Tolerability of HPN-100 Compared to Buphenyl® (Sodium Phenylbutyrate) in Patients With Urea Cycle Disorders[NCT00551200]	Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
Phase II Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Target Engagement of AMX0035, a Fixed Combination of Sodium Phenylbutyrate and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease[NCT03533257]	Phase 2	95 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-27	Completed
A Phase 1, Randomised, Open-Label, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Single Ascending Doses of PBI-4050 Compared to Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Healthy Subjects[NCT05349435]	Phase 1	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-05-13	Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor has decided to discontinue development of fezegepras based on initial pharmacokinetic results)
Phase I, Dose De-Escalation to Minimal Effective Pharmacologic Dose Trial of Sodium Phenylbutyrate (PB, NSC 657802) in Combination With 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA, NSC 102816) in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)[NCT00004871]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	2000-05-31	Completed
A Phase I Dose Escalation to Maximally Tolerated Dose Trial of 5-Azacytidine (5 AC, NSC 102816) in Combination With Sodium Phenylbutyrate (PB, NSC 657802) in Patients With Refractory Solid Tumors[NCT00005639]	Phase 1	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-03-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Arginine Levels

(NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period

Intervention	micromoles/L (Median)
High-dose Arginine Alone	129
Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl	53

Argininosuccinic Acid Levels

(NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period

Intervention	micromole/l (Median)
High-dose Arginine Alone	69
Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl	53

Measures of Liver Function: INR

The result (in seconds) for a prothrombin time performed on a normal individual will vary according to the type of analytical system employed. This is due to the variations between different batches of manufacturer's tissue factor used in the reagent to perform the test. The INR was devised to standardize the results. Each manufacturer assigns an ISI value (International Sensitivity Index) for any tissue factor they manufacture. The ISI value indicates how a particular batch of tissue factor compares to an international reference tissue factor. The ISI is usually between 1.0 and 2.0. The INR is the ratio of a patient's prothrombin time to a normal (control) sample, raised to the power of the ISI value for the analytical system being used. (NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl	14.2
High Dose Arginine Alone	13.8

Urea Production Rate

(NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period

Intervention	micromoles/kg/hr (Mean)
High-dose Arginine Alone	215
Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl	97

Measures of Liver Function: AST and ALT

Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured. (NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period

Intervention	IU/L (Mean)
	Plasma AST	ALT
High Dose Arginine Alone	52	57.86
Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl	36.2	31.7

Measures of Liver Function: Coagulation Factors

Plasma levels of coagulation factors I and IX were used as measures of hepatic synthetic function since the treatment duration was short. (NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
	I	IX
High Dose Arginine Alone	229.77	98.36
Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl	222.22	105.33

Measures of Liver Function: PT and PTT

Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were measured PT measures factors I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V, VII, and X, while PTT is a performance indicator of the efficacy of the common coagulation pathways. (NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
	PT	PTT
High Dose Arginine Alone	13.8	30.98
Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl	14.25	30.91

Cmax for PAA of NaPBA and HPN-100 in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at pre-dose, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after first dose on days 14 and 28. (NCT00992459)
Timeframe: pre-dose, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after first dose on days 14 and 28

Intervention	μg/mL (Mean)
NaPBA	52.2
HPN-100	38.5

Cmax for PBA of NaPBA and HPN-100 in Plasma

Intervention	μg/mL (Mean)
NaPBA	80.9
HPN-100	51.9

Cmax PAGN of NaPBA and HPN-100 in Plasma

Intervention	μg/mL (Mean)
NaPBA	78.6
HPN-100	86.8

Correlation Between Urinary Phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN) Excretion Over 24 Hours (U-PAGN24-hour Excr) and Venous Ammonia - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 (Predose) to 24 Hours (AUC0-24)

The correlation between 24-hour urinary phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN) excretion (U-PAGN24-hour Excr) and venous ammonia AUC0-24 was summarized and the correlation was tested using the Spearman rank-order correlation. (NCT00992459)
Timeframe: 28 Days

Intervention	correlation coefficient (Number)
NaPBA	0.437
HPN-100	0.219

Maximum Ammonia Values Observed on NaPBA Versus HPN-100

Intervention	µmol/L (Mean)
NaPBA	70.83
HPN-100	60.94

Number and Severity of Symptomatic Hyperammonemic Crises

Severity of symptomatic hyperammonemic crises was measured by peak ammonia level (µmol/L) when it is >= 100 µmol/L. (NCT00992459)
Timeframe: 29 Days

Intervention	events (Number)
NaPBA	1
HPN-100	0

Rate (Percentage) of Ammonia Values Above Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) on NaPBA Versus HPN-100

NaPBA treated arm: total 345 blood samples were collected. HPN-100 treated arm: 343 blood samples were collected. (NCT00992459)
Timeframe: on Day 14 and Day 28

Intervention	samples (Number)
NaPBA	125
HPN-100	122

Rate of Adverse Events in Each Treatment Group

(NCT00992459)
Timeframe: 29 Days

Intervention	participants (Number)
NaPBA	23
HPN-100	27

The Primary Endpoint Was the 24-hour Area Under the Curve for Blood Ammonia (NH324-hour AUC) on Days 14 and 28.

Blood samples were collected at pre-dose, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after first dose on days 14 and 28. Arm A day 14 and Arm B day 28 data were combined as a NaPBA treatment Arm. Arm B day 14 and Arm A day 28 data were combined as a HPN-100 treatment Arm. (NCT00992459)
Timeframe: pre-dose, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after first dose on days 14 and 28

Intervention	μmol∙h/L (Mean)
NaPBA	976.6
HPN-100	865.35

U-PAGN24-hour Excr of NaPBA and HPN-100

(NCT00992459)
Timeframe: 24 hours on Day 14 of each treatments

Intervention	μg (Mean)
NaPBA	13627515
HPN-100	13502745

Overall Study Drug Compliance

Subjects receiveing 80% or more of the prescribed doses within each study visit interval were considered compliant. (NCT00439218)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Cohort 1 (500 mg/kg/day)	Cohort 2 (500 mg/kg/day)
Subject Enrollments	3	1

Body Composition

Fat mass (%) (NCT00771901)
Timeframe: Baseline and four weeks

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
	Before Intervention	After Intervention
Placebo	39	39
Sodium Phenylbutyrate	37	39
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid	39	39

Insulin Sensitivity in the Liver

HISI (hepatic insulin sensitivity index). HISI is the inverse of the product of endogenous glucose production and plasma insulin concentration and provides an index of how well circulating insulin controls the amount of glucose supplied by the liver. A higher number is indicative of greater insulin sensitivity. (NCT00771901)
Timeframe: Baseline and four weeks

Intervention	100/ (µmol/min * uIU/mL) (Mean)
	Before Intervention	After Intervention
Placebo	0.010	0.008
Sodium Phenylbutyrate	0.008	0.009
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid	0.009	0.012