A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity.
| Member | Definition | Role |
|---|
| a 195773 | A macrolide antibiotic which displays in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is currently under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have also granted orphan drug designation to cethromycin for the treatment of anthrax prophylaxis, tularemia, and plague (PDB entry: 1NWX). | cethromycin |
| amphotericin b | A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | amphotericin B |
| aplasmomycin | | (+)-aplasmomycin |
| bafilomycin a1 | The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus. | bafilomycin A1 |
| boromycin | A boron-containing macrolide antibiotic that is isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. | boromycin |
| brefeldin a | A metabolite from Penicillium brefeldianum that exhibits a wide range of antibiotic activity. | brefeldin A |
| candicidin | A 38-membered ring lactone containing seven (E)-double bonds between positions 22 and 35 and substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11, 13, 17 and 19, oxo groups at positions 3, 7 and 15, a carboxy group at position 18, a 3-amino-3,6-dideoxymannopyranosyloxy group at position 21, a methyl group at position 36 and a 7-(4-aminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-oxoheptan-2-yl group at position 37. It is the major component of candicidin, a mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. | candicidin D |
| clarithromycin | The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. | clarithromycin |
| dirithromycin | The hemi-aminal resulting from the condensation of the erythromycin derivative (9S)-erythromycyclamine with 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetaldehyde. As the oxazine ring containing the hemi-aminal group is unstable under both acidic and alkaline conditions, dirithromycin functions as a more lipid-soluble prodrug for (9S)-erythromycyclamine. Administered as enteric coated tablets to protect it from acid catalysed hydrolysis in the stomach, it is used to treat respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible organisms. | dirithromycin |
| etnangien | A macrolide antibiotic isolated from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum and has been found to be active against Gram-positive bacteria. | etnangien |
| gamithromycin | A macrolide antibiotic with formula C40H76N2O12. It is used for the treatment of of bovine respiratory disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis in beef and non-lactating dairy cattle. The compound is also licensed in Europe for the treatment of footrot in sheep caused by Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium nodosus. | gamithromycin |
| josamycin | A macrolide antibiotic produced by certain strains of Streptomyces narbonensis var. josamyceticus. | josamycin |
| methymycin | A twelve-membered macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae. | methymycin |
| migrastatin | A 14-membered macrolide which is isolated from Streptomyces sp.MK929-43F1 and inhibits cell migration of human esophageal cancer EC17 cells and mouse melanona B16 cells. | migrastatin |
| monorden | An antifungal macrolactone antibiotic, obtained from Diheterospora chlamydosporia and Chaetomium chiversii that inhibits protein tyrosine kinase and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). | radicicol |
| muconomycin a | A trichothecene antibiotic which incorporates a triester macrocyclic structure and an exocyclic methylene epoxide group. | verrucarin A |
| mycaminosyltylonolide | A macrolide antibiotic that is tylonolide having a beta-D-mycaminosyl residue attached at position 5. | 5-O-mycaminosyltylonolide |
| narbomycin | A macrolide antibiotic that is narbonolide having a 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residue attached at position 6. It is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae. | narbomycin |
| natamycin | A macrolide antibiotic that has formula C33H47NO13, produced by several Streptomyces species including Streptomyces natalensis. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and used in eye drops, and as a food preservative, and also as a postharvest biofungicide for citrus and other fruit crops. | natamycin |
| neomethymycin | A twelve-membered macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae. | neomethymycin |
| opt 80 | An 18-membered macrolide that is a fermentation product obtained from the Actinomycete Dactylosporangium aurantiacum. A narrow spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of Clostridium difficile-related infections. | fidaxomicin |
| ossamycin | A macrolide antibiotic that was originally isolated from the culture broths of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ossamyceticus. | ossamycin |
| pf 1163a | A macrolide antibiotic that is 4,10-dimethyl-1-oxa-4-azacyclotridecane-2,5-dione substituted by a 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzyl group at position 3 and a (2R)-2-hydroxypentyl group at position 13 (the 3S,10R,13S stereoisomer). It is isolated from Penicillium sp.PF1163 and exhibits antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungal strain Candida albicans TIMM1768. | PF 1163A |
| pf 1163b | A macrolide antibiotic that is 4,10-dimethyl-1-oxa-4-azacyclotridecane-2,5-dione substituted by a 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzyl group at position 3 and a pentyl group at position 13 (the 3S,10R,13S stereoisomer). It is isolated from Penicillium sp.PF1163 and exhibits antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungal strain Candida albicans TIMM1768. | PF 1163B |
| picromycin | A macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae. | pikromycin |
| rhizoxin | An macrolide antibiotic isolated from the pathogenic plant fungus Rhizopus microsporus. It also exhibits antitumour and antimitotic activity. | rhizoxin |
| rosaramicin | A macrolide antibiotic with activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. | rosaramicin |
| streptogramin a | A macrolide that is (together with pristinamycin IA) a component of pristinamycin, an oral streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. Pristinamycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. | pristinamycin IIA |
| tilmicosin | A macrolide antibiotic with formula C46H80N2O13. It is used for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease associated with Mannheimia haemolytica. | tilmicosin |
| troleandomycin | A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. | troleandomycin |
| turimycin | A macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces kitasatoensis, showing activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens. | leucomycin V |
| tylosin | A macrolide antibiotic that is tylonolide having mono- and diglycosyl moieties attached to two of its hydroxy groups. It is found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae. | tylosin |
| virginiamycin factor s1 | A cyclodepsipeptide that is N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl-D-alpha-aminobutyryl-L-prolyl-N-methyl-L-phenylalanyl-4-oxo-L-pipecoloyl-L-2-phenylglycine in which the carboxy group of the 2-phenylglycine moiety has undergone formal intramolecular condensation with the hydroxy group of the N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl to give the corresponding 19-membered ring lactone. It is one of the two major components of the antibacterial drug virginiamycin, produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. | virginiamycin S1 |
| zithromax | A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. | azithromycin |