Compounds > s-adenosylmethionine
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s-adenosylmethionine

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Description

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a naturally occurring compound found in the body. It plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, as well as the methylation of DNA, RNA, and proteins. SAMe is synthesized from methionine and ATP in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase. It has been investigated for its potential therapeutic benefits in conditions such as depression, osteoarthritis, and liver disease. Its effects are attributed to its ability to increase levels of neurotransmitters, reduce inflammation, and protect cells from damage. Studies exploring its potential for treating various conditions continue to be conducted.'

(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

(S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

acylcarnitine: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

5-deazafolic acid: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID24762165
CHEBI ID59789
CHEBI ID142094
CHEBI ID142093
MeSH IDM0019322
PubMed CID34755
CHEMBL ID1088977
CHEMBL ID1235831
CHEBI ID67040
SCHEMBL ID1300198
MeSH IDM0019322
PubMed CID135460994
SCHEMBL ID9838338
MeSH IDM0019322

Synonyms (118)

Synonym
(s,s)-adomet
(r)-s-adenosyl-l-methionine
(r,s)-adomet
adenosylmethionine
s-adenosyl-l-methionine
SAM ,
2-s-adenosyl-l-methionine
adomet
(s)-s-adenosyl-l-methionine
s-adenosyl-methionine
S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE ,
CHEBI:59789
[(3s)-3-azaniumyl-3-carboxylatopropyl](5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)(methyl)sulfonium
s-adenosyl-l-methionine zwitterion
(r)-s-adenosyl-l-methionine zwitterion
(r,s)-s-adenosyl-l-methionine zwitterion
(s,s)-adomet zwitterion
(s,s)-s-adenosyl-l-methionine zwitterion
(s)-s-adenosyl-l-methionine zwitterion
CHEBI:142094
(r,s)-adomet zwitterion
CHEBI:142093
139517-02-5
(2s)-4-[[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl-methylsulfonio]-2-azaniumylbutanoate
16-denyprasteroneacetate
AC-19717
same
adenosine, 5'-(((3s)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio)-5'-deoxy-, inner salt
einecs 249-946-8
methionine, s-adenosyl-
adenosine, 5'-((l-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio)-5'-deoxy-, hydroxide, inner salt
17176-17-9
active methionine
methionine, s-adenosyl- (6ci) active methionine
ccris 7130
s amet
(3s)-5'-[(3-amino-3-carboxylatopropyl)methylsulphonio]-5'-deoxyadenosine
adenosine, 5'-[(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio]-5'-deoxy-, hydroxide, inner salt, (3s)-
l-s-adenosylmethionine
ademetionine
(3s)-5'-[(3-amino-3-carboxylatopropyl)methylsulphonio]-5'-deoxyadenosine inner salt
s-(5'desoxyadenosin-5'yl)-l-methionine
adenosine, 5'-[(l-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio]-5'-deoxy-, hydroxide, inner salt (8ci)
l-methionine, s-adenosyl-
donamet
methioninyladenylate
adenosine, 5'-[[(3s)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio]-5'-deoxy-, inner salt
[14cooh]adomet
s-adenosyl-l-[carboxy-14c]methionine
(2s)-2-amino-4-({[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl}(methyl)sulfanylium)butanoate
bdbm28422
C00019
29908-03-0
adenosine, 5'-((3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio)-5'-deoxy-, inner salt, (3s)-
[(3s)-3-amino-4-hydroxy-4-oxo-butyl]-[[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl]-methyl-sulfonium
sam-e
DB00118
(3s)-5'-((3-amino-3-carboxylatopropyl)methylsulphonio)-5'-deoxyadenosine
s. amet
acylcarnitine
(2s)-2-amino-4-[[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl-methylsulfonio]butanoate
msi-195
transmetil
chebi:67040 ,
CHEMBL1088977
CHEMBL1235831 ,
SCHEMBL1300198
AKOS015963176
unii-7lp2mpo46s
ademetionine [inn]
7lp2mpo46s ,
[(3s)-3-amino-3-carboxylatopropyl](5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)(methyl)sulfonioacetate
s-adenosyl-l-methioninate
s-adenosylmethionine [vandf]
ademetionine [who-dd]
5'-((3s)-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio)-5'-deoxyadenosine inner salt
ademetionine [mart.]
s-adenosylmethionine [mi]
s-(5'-desoxyadenosin-5'-yl)-l-methionine
HY-B0617
(r,s)-s-adenosyl-l-methionine
(s,s)-s-adenosyl-l-methionine
unii-k093c397ul
unii-6ez5466zux
6EZ5466ZUX ,
91279-78-6
78548-84-2
adenosine, 5'-((s)-((3s)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio)-5'-deoxy-, inner salt
ademetionine, (r)-
s,s-adenosylmethionine
adenosine, 5'-((r)-((3s)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)methylsulfonio)-5'-deoxy-, inner salt
r,s-adenosylmethionine
K093C397UL ,
ademetionine, (s)-
DTXSID6032019
(2s)-2-amino-4-((((2s,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)(methyl)sulfonio)butanoate
AS-57895
(2s)-2-amino-4-({[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl}(methyl)sulfaniumyl)butanoate
NCGC00485915-01
MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-AIRLBKTGSA-N
s-adenosyl-l-methionine;s-adenosyl methionine;same;adomet
(2s)-2-amino-4-[{[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl}(methyl)sulfonio]butanoate (non-preferred name)
s-adenosyl-l-methioninate (deprotonated carboxy group)
Q27135598
CCG-268635
Q27281766
(r)-ademetionine
Q27264758
(s)-ademetionine
s-adenosyl-l-methionine hcl
EN300-7431717
ademetionine (mart.)
AKOS040750137
bdbm50585598
5-deazafolic acid
SCHEMBL9838338
n-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-l-glutamic acid
Q27459797

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" We first tested the hypothesis of a toxic effect of MeSAdo in the conditions of growth experiments: we could not demonstrate any toxic effect of MeSAdo on the synthesis of macromolecules, nor any toxicity mediated by polyamines or pyrimidine starvation, and we found that the growth of CCL39 cells was strictly dependent on the supply of exogenous methionine."( Methylthioadenosine toxicity and metabolism to methionine in mammalian cells.
Augé, J; Christa, L; Kersual, J; Pérignon, JL, 1988)		0.27
" Treatment was considered to be without adverse effect upon any of the reproductive parameters examined on either F0 or on the untreated F1 generations."( Reproductive toxicity studies of ademetionine.
Barton, SJ; Clark, R; Cozens, DD; Gibson, WA; Hughes, EW; Masters, RE; Offer, JM; Perkin, CJ; Stramentinoli, G, 1988)		0.27
"5 rat embryos L-homocysteine was not toxic at 1- and 2-mM concentrations."( Prevention of neural tube defects by and toxicity of L-homocysteine in cultured postimplantation rat embryos.
Blom, HJ; Copius Peereboom-Stegeman, JH; Deabreu, RA; Eskes, TK; Noordhoek, J; Trijbels, FJ; Vanaerts, LA, 1994)		0.29
"Rats were fed toxic levels of methionine with or without simultaneous dietary supplements of glycine and serine."( Methionine toxicity in the rat in relation to hepatic accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine: prevention by dietary stimulation of the hepatic transsulfuration pathway.
Alakuijala, L; Eloranta, TO; Korhonen, VP; Regina, M; Smith, TK, 1993)		0.29
"L-dopa may be toxic to dopamine neurons, possibly due to catechol-autoxidation."( COMT-dependent protection of dopaminergic neurons by methionine, dimethionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) against L-dopa toxicity in vitro.
Bottiglieri, T; Bressman, S; Di Rocco, A; Prikhojan, A; Rempel, N; Werner, P; Yahr, MD, 2001)		0.31
"The outcomes considered were pain, functional limitation, and adverse effects."( Safety and efficacy of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for osteoarthritis.
Agelli, M; Bausell, RB; Berman, BM; Lee, WL; Soeken, KL, 2002)		0.31
" However, those treated with SAMe were less likely to report adverse effects than those receiving NSAIDs."( Safety and efficacy of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for osteoarthritis.
Agelli, M; Bausell, RB; Berman, BM; Lee, WL; Soeken, KL, 2002)		0.31
"SAMe appears to be as effective as NSAIDs in reducing pain and improving functional limitation in patients with OA without the adverse effects often associated with NSAID therapies."( Safety and efficacy of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for osteoarthritis.
Agelli, M; Bausell, RB; Berman, BM; Lee, WL; Soeken, KL, 2002)		0.31
" Adverse events were significantly less in patients treated with SAMe compared to those treated with IMI."( A double-blind, randomized parallel-group, efficacy and safety study of intramuscular S-adenosyl-L-methionine 1,4-butanedisulphonate (SAMe) versus imipramine in patients with major depressive disorder.
Chiaie, RD; Pancheri, P; Scapicchio, P, 2002)		0.31
"S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) has been shown to be hepatoprotective against many toxic agents."( S-adenosyl-L-methionine attenuates hepatotoxicity induced by agonistic Jo2 Fas antibody following CYP2E1 induction in mice.
Cederbaum, AI; Wang, X, 2006)		0.33
"To review the complementary medicines routinely encountered in psychiatric practice, their effectiveness, potential adverse effects and interactions."( Complementary medicines in psychiatry: review of effectiveness and safety.
Priebe, S; Turner, T; Werneke, U, 2006)		0.33
" Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) is the most toxic and prevalent fumonisin detected in corn and corn-based foods."( S-adenosylmethionine or 5'-methylthioadenosine are unable to prevent fumonisin B1 hepatotoxicity in mice despite increased oxidation in liver.
He, Q; Sharma, RP; Suzuki, H, )		0.13
" Treatment of the toxic hepatitis with heptral increased the level of cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, glutation activity of glutationetranspherase glutathione and reduced content of homocysteine."( [Efficacy and safety of heptral, vitamin B6 and folic acid during toxic hepatitis induced by CCL4].
Antelava, NA; Gogoluari, LI; Gogoluari, MI; Okudzhava, MV; Pirtskhalaĭshvili, NN, 2007)		0.34
" Since S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is the primary source of the sulfur atom in glutathione, UPLC/MS and NMR were used to evaluate metabolites involved with the transulfuration pathway in urine samples collected during studies of eight liver toxic compounds in Sprague-Dawley rats."( Evaluations of the trans-sulfuration pathway in multiple liver toxicity studies.
Beger, RD; Chen, M; Dragan, Y; Holland, RD; Schnackenberg, LK; Sun, J; Tong, W; Welsh, W, 2009)		0.35
" Our results show that exogenous SAM (10-50microM) rescues cells from the toxic effects of 6-MP (5microM) by delaying the onset of apoptosis."( S-adenosylmethionine regulates thiopurine methyltransferase activity and decreases 6-mercaptopurine cytotoxicity in MOLT lymphoblasts.
Karas Kuzelicki, N; Milek, M; Mlinaric-Rascan, I; Smid, A, 2009)		0.35
" The incidence of pruritus and adverse effects as well as biochemical parameters in all the patients and compared between the 2 groups."( [Efficacy and safety of ademetionine for treatment of drug-induced liver disease in children].
Chen, DW; Dong, Y; Gan, Y; Jia, WZ; Tang, HM; Wang, LM; Xu, ZQ; Zhang, HF; Zhu, SS, 2010)		0.36
"Intravenous administration of ademetionine is safe in children with DILD and it can effectively alleviate pruritus, promote the recovery of various biochemical parameters and fasten liver functional recovery in these children."( [Efficacy and safety of ademetionine for treatment of drug-induced liver disease in children].
Chen, DW; Dong, Y; Gan, Y; Jia, WZ; Tang, HM; Wang, LM; Xu, ZQ; Zhang, HF; Zhu, SS, 2010)		0.36
" By comparing the sensitivity to selenomethionine of mutants impaired in the sulfur amino acid pathway, we excluded a toxic effect of Se-adenosylmethionine, Se-adenosylhomocysteine, or of any compound in the methionine salvage pathway."( Trans-sulfuration Pathway Seleno-amino Acids Are Mediators of Selenomethionine Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Blanquet, S; Dauplais, M; Lazard, M; Plateau, P, 2015)		0.42
" Oxidative stress also is a side effect of dideoxynucleoside antiretrovirals (NRTI) and is observed in NRTI-induced cardiomyopathy."( AZT-induced mitochondrial toxicity: an epigenetic paradigm for dysregulation of gene expression through mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Fields, E; Jiao, Z; Koczor, CA; Lewis, W; Ludaway, T; Russ, R, 2015)		0.42
" Of the various high throughput technologies available to detect global methylation profile, development of LINE-1 methylation index shall provide a cost effect-screening tool to detect epimutagenic events in the wake of toxic exposure in a large number of individuals."( Arsenic toxicity and epimutagenecity: the new LINEage.
Bhattacharjee, P; Giri, AK; Paul, S, 2017)		0.46
" However, it has considerable adverse effects that may cause public health burden."( Enhancement of safety and immunogenicity of the Chinese Hu191 measles virus vaccine by alteration of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding site in the large polymerase protein.
Hao, X; Huang, YW; Li, J; Liu, R; Lu, M; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Zhao, Z; Zhou, D, 2018)		0.48
"Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but serious adverse event that can progress to acute liver failure (ALF)."( Therapeutic Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Review.
Aithal, GP; Alvarez-Alvarez, I; Andrade, RJ; Arikan, C; Atallah, E; Lucena, MI; Medina-Caliz, I; Niu, H, 2022)		0.72
" We examined whether metabolic profiles can predict adverse events in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting."( Metabolic profiles predict adverse events after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Craig, DM; Granger, CB; Hauser, ER; Haynes, C; Hughes, GC; Kraus, WE; Muehlbauer, MJ; Newby, LK; Newgard, CB; Sebek, JK; Shah, AA; Shah, SH; Stevens, RC, 2012)		0.38
"4%) experienced an adverse event."( Metabolic profiles predict adverse events after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Craig, DM; Granger, CB; Hauser, ER; Haynes, C; Hughes, GC; Kraus, WE; Muehlbauer, MJ; Newby, LK; Newgard, CB; Sebek, JK; Shah, AA; Shah, SH; Stevens, RC, 2012)		0.38
"Metabolic profiles are independently associated with adverse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting."( Metabolic profiles predict adverse events after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Craig, DM; Granger, CB; Hauser, ER; Haynes, C; Hughes, GC; Kraus, WE; Muehlbauer, MJ; Newby, LK; Newgard, CB; Sebek, JK; Shah, AA; Shah, SH; Stevens, RC, 2012)		0.38
" The disturbance of cholesterol biosynthesis could have adverse impact on fatty acid metabolism, consequently induce the decrease of carnitine and increase of acylcarnitines in treated groups."( [Hepatotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid in human hepatocytes using metabonomics].
Peng, S; Shen, H; Yan, L; Zhang, J, 2012)		0.38
" In the following study, the relationship of acylcarnitines with other known indicators of APAP toxicity was examined in children receiving low-dose (therapeutic) and high-dose ('overdose' or toxic ingestion) exposure to APAP."( Targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of serum acylcarnitines in acetaminophen toxicity in children.
Beger, RD; Bhattacharyya, S; Gill, P; James, LP; Kearns, GL; Letzig, LG; Marshall, JD; Pence, L; Reed, MD; Simpson, PM; Sullivan, JE; Van Den Anker, JN; Yan, K, 2014)		0.4
"Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a dose-limiting, painful adverse reaction associated with the use of paclitaxel."( Cell metabolomics analyses revealed a role of altered fatty acid oxidation in neurotoxicity pattern difference between nab-paclitaxel and solvent-based paclitaxel.
Chang, LC; Huang, JW; Kuo, CH; Kuo, HC; Shih, JY; Tsai, TW, 2021)		0.62

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated according to an open two-compartment model."( Pharmacokinetics of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in healthy volunteers.
Cortellaro, M; Giulidori, P; Moreo, G; Stramentinoli, G, 1984)		0.27
"A pharmacokinetic study based on the distribution of radioactivity from the double labelled S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) has been carried out by oral administration of the liposoluble stable salt [methyl-(14)C, 8-(3)H]SAM N-ole-1-oyltaurate to rats."( S-adenosyl-L-methionine N-ole-1-oyltaurate: pharmacokinetic of the orally administered salt in rats.
Cartenì, M; De Rosa, A; De Rosa, M; Morana, A; Parlato, M, 2001)		0.31
" Time-efficacy calculations showed that acute oral administration of SAMe in both the nutraceutical and the pharmaceutical dose induced the pharmacodynamic peak effect in the first hour with a subsequent decline."( Double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacodynamic studies with a nutraceutical and a pharmaceutical dose of ademetionine (SAMe) in elderly subjects, utilizing EEG mapping and psychometry.
Anderer, P; Arnold, O; Assandri, A; Corrado, M; di Padova, C; Saletu, B; Saletu-Zyhlarz, GM, 2005)		0.33
" Despite being widely used as a dietary supplement with claimed benefits for numerous conditions, there is little information about the pharmacokinetic properties of exogenous SAMe."( Pharmacokinetic properties of S-adenosylmethionine after oral and intravenous administration of its tosylate disulfate salt: a multiple-dose, open-label, parallel-group study in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Du, YX; Fawcett, JP; He, Y; Tang, LL; Wang, GJ; Yang, J, 2009)		0.35
"One aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties of SAMe after administration of single and multiple doses of orally and intravenously administered SAMe tosylate disulfate (STD) in healthy male and female Chinese volunteers."( Pharmacokinetic properties of S-adenosylmethionine after oral and intravenous administration of its tosylate disulfate salt: a multiple-dose, open-label, parallel-group study in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Du, YX; Fawcett, JP; He, Y; Tang, LL; Wang, GJ; Yang, J, 2009)		0.35
" The assay was used to study the pharmacokinetic properties of SAMe."( Pharmacokinetic properties of S-adenosylmethionine after oral and intravenous administration of its tosylate disulfate salt: a multiple-dose, open-label, parallel-group study in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Du, YX; Fawcett, JP; He, Y; Tang, LL; Wang, GJ; Yang, J, 2009)		0.35
" None of the between-sex differences in SAMe pharmacokinetic properties were significant."( Pharmacokinetic properties of S-adenosylmethionine after oral and intravenous administration of its tosylate disulfate salt: a multiple-dose, open-label, parallel-group study in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Du, YX; Fawcett, JP; He, Y; Tang, LL; Wang, GJ; Yang, J, 2009)		0.35
"In this small study in healthy Chinese volunteers, there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of SAMe between men and women or between single- and multiple-dose administration of STD 1000 mg administered orally or intravenously."( Pharmacokinetic properties of S-adenosylmethionine after oral and intravenous administration of its tosylate disulfate salt: a multiple-dose, open-label, parallel-group study in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Du, YX; Fawcett, JP; He, Y; Tang, LL; Wang, GJ; Yang, J, 2009)		0.35
" The present research reports on a Phase 1 study to (i) determine the safety of single doses of MSI-195 (ii) to determine the dose proportionality of MSI-195 at doses of 400, 800 and 1600 mg (iii) determine the pharmacokinetics of MSI-195 compared with a commercial reference product (SAM-e Complete™) over 24 h and (iv) to determine the effect of food on the pharmacokinetic profile of MSI-195 in human subjects."( Pharmacokinetic study of a novel oral formulation of S-adenosylmethionine (MSI-195) in healthy subjects: dose escalation, food effect and comparison to a commercial nutritional supplement product.
Cameron, BR; Ferreira, L; MacDonald, ID, 2020)		0.56
"This study was a pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of MSI-195 and a commercial comparator broken into two stages."( Pharmacokinetic study of a novel oral formulation of S-adenosylmethionine (MSI-195) in healthy subjects: dose escalation, food effect and comparison to a commercial nutritional supplement product.
Cameron, BR; Ferreira, L; MacDonald, ID, 2020)		0.56
" The product was administered orally to rats and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by comparing the results with that obtained by administering the SAM tosylated form (SAM PTS)."( Pharmacokinetic properties of a novel formulation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine phytate.
Cavallaro, RA; d'Erme, M; Fanelli, S; Fontana, M; Francioso, A; Lendaro, E; Miraglia, N; Mosca, L, 2021)		0.62
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of SAMe enteric-coated tablets and to assess its food impact and safety in healthy Chinese subjects."( Pharmacokinetics and food impact assessment of ademetionine enteric-coated tablet as an endogenous substance drug in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Jin, M; Lin, H; Liu, H; Tang, L; Tong, Y; Wang, K; Yao, Y; Zhang, J, 2022)		0.72
" Relevant pharmacokinetic data from subjects administered the reference formulation will be disclosed and utilized in this thesis."( Pharmacokinetics and food impact assessment of ademetionine enteric-coated tablet as an endogenous substance drug in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Jin, M; Lin, H; Liu, H; Tang, L; Tong, Y; Wang, K; Yao, Y; Zhang, J, 2022)		0.72
"The pharmacokinetic profile of SAMe enteric-coated tablets in healthy Chinese subjects was partially complemented in this study."( Pharmacokinetics and food impact assessment of ademetionine enteric-coated tablet as an endogenous substance drug in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Jin, M; Lin, H; Liu, H; Tang, L; Tong, Y; Wang, K; Yao, Y; Zhang, J, 2022)		0.72
" Betaine has been used for more than 30 years in pyridoxine non-responsive cystathionine beta-synthase (pnrCBS) and cobalamin C (cblC) deficiencies to lower the hyperhomocysteinemia, although little is known about the optimal therapeutic dosage and its pharmacokinetic in these patients."( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of betaine in CBS and cblC deficiencies: a cross-over randomized controlled trial.
Alberti, C; Benoist, JF; de Baulny, HO; Feillet, F; Garcia-Segarra, N; Guilmin-Crépon, S; Haignere, J; Imbard, A; Kaguelidou, F; Kuster, A; Magréault, S; Perronneau, I; Schiff, M; Schlemmer, D; Toumazi, A, 2022)		0.72

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Hepato- and endothelioprotective action of runihol and ademetionine in 66 male rats with liver disease induced by essential and second-line antituberculosis drugs in combination with alcohol were studied."( [Hepato- and endothelioprotective action of runihol and ademetionine in experimental liver injury induced by TB drugs in combination with alcohol].
Artyushkova, EB; Dudka, VT; Sukhanov, DS, )		0.13
" Metabolic therapy may be recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis C in combination with type 2 diabetes in case of SAVT, and at its contraindications or intolerance."( [Correction of dyslipidemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C, combined with diabetes type 2].
Boldizhar, P; Derbak, M, 2014)		0.4
" cerevisiae CGMCC 2842 (wild type), improvement of methionine and ATP availability through MET6 and SAM2 co-expression combined with sodium citrate feeding was investigated here."( Improving methionine and ATP availability by MET6 and SAM2 co-expression combined with sodium citrate feeding enhanced SAM accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Chen, H; Dou, J; Wang, Z; Zhou, C, 2016)		0.43

Bioavailability

S-adenosylmethionine (MSI-195) has been developed for life science application. Homocysteine levels are regulated by folate bioavailability.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Exogenous SAMe is stable in digestive juices and, although well absorbed orally, bioavailability is reduced because of a significant first pass effect in the liver."( Metabolism of exogenous S-adenosyl-L-methionine in patients with liver disease.
Blake, JC; Burroughs, AK; Kaye, GL, 1990)		0.28
"A perfusion technique was utilized to assess the rate of absorption and metabolism of L-methionine by livers isolated from rats fed a diet deficient in zinc."( Effect of zinc deficiency on methionine metabolism, methylation reactions and protein synthesis in isolated perfused rat liver.
Duerre, JA; Wallwork, JC, 1985)		0.27
" There were no statistically significant differences in the cumulative amount absorbed of drug and the absorption rate in the presence or absence of Madopar."( Lack of an effect of Madopar on the disposition of tolcapone and its 3-O-methylated metabolite in rats.
Fukazawa, H; Funaki, T; Kuruma, I; Onodera, H; Tagami, C; Tsukamoto, Y; Ushiyama, N, 1995)		0.29
" The partial beneficial effects might also be explained by the age-related limited bioavailability of exogenous SAMe, a finding, to our knowledge, not yet reported elsewhere."( Biochemical analysis of myelin lipids and proteins in a model of methyl donor pathway deficit: effect of S-adenosylmethionine.
Bellasio, R; Bianchi, R; Calzi, F; Savaresi, S; Sciarretta-Birolo, R; Tacconi, MT; Tsankova, V, 1999)		0.3
" Homocysteine levels are regulated by folate bioavailability and also by the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and its metabolite S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)."( Endothelial dysfunction and elevation of S-adenosylhomocysteine in cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient mice.
Arning, E; Bottiglieri, T; Dayal, S; Faraci, FM; Heistad, DD; Lentz, SR; Maeda, N; Malinow, MR; Sigmund, CD, 2001)		0.31
" Other effects of homocysteine include: impaired generation and decreased bioavailability of endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide; interference with many transcription factors and signal transduction; oxidation of low-density lipoproteins; lowering of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation."( [Hyperhomocysteinemia: an independent risk factor or a simple marker of vascular disease?. 1. Basic data].
Favier, A; Galan, P; Guilland, JC; Hercberg, S; Potier de Courcy, G, 2003)		0.32
" Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC), an antioxidant phosphatidylcholine mixture extracted from soybeans, 50% of which consists of the highly bioavailable dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine, restores phospholipids of the damaged membranes and reactivates their enzymes, including phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase, needed for phospholipid regeneration."( New concepts of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease lead to novel treatments.
Lieber, CS, 2004)		0.32
" Although oral SAMe appears to be absorbed across the intestinal mucosa, its systemic bioavailability is low."( S-adenosyl-L-methionine: transcellular transport and uptake by Caco-2 cells and hepatocytes.
McMillan, JM; Walle, T; Walle, UK, 2005)		0.33
" It is apparent that SMM in foods and feeds has methylation bioactivity, and this has implications for proper assessment of dietary Met and choline requirements as well as their bioavailability in foods and feeds."( Dietary S-methylmethionine, a component of foods, has choline-sparing activity in chickens.
Augspurger, NR; Baker, DH; Garrow, TA; Scherer, CS, 2005)		0.33
" Chronic ethanol consumption could affect the bioavailability of amino acids such as methionine."( Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine after maternal alcohol exposure on offspring rats.
Artillo, R; Carreras, O; Murillo, ML; Murillo-Fuentes, ML; Ubeda, N; Varela-Moreiras, G, 2005)		0.33
" Because of the rather low bioavailability of most polyphenolic compounds, how much of an effect dietary polyphenols would have on DNA methylation in humans is not clear."( Dietary polyphenols may affect DNA methylation.
Chen, D; Fang, M; Yang, CS, 2007)		0.34
" Compared with other forms of folates, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (L-methylfolate or 5-MTHF) may represent a preferable treatment option for MDD given its greater bioavailability in patients with a genetic polymorphism, and the lower risk of specific side effects associated with folic acid."( Folates and S-adenosylmethionine for major depressive disorder.
Cassiello, CF; Iovieno, N; Papakostas, GI, 2012)		0.38
"We investigated the effects of folate-enriched egg yolk powder on folate and homocysteine levels in plasma and liver of rats fed the folate- and choline-deficient diet to determine bioavailability in vivo."( The beneficial effect of folate-enriched egg on the folate and homocysteine levels in rats fed a folate- and choline-deficient diet.
Awaji, H; Horie, K; Kim, M; Nakata, R; Sugiyama, A, 2012)		0.38
" GNMT expression in vivo improves folate retention and bioavailability in the liver."( Regulation of Folate-Mediated One-Carbon Metabolism by Glycine N-Methyltransferase (GNMT) and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR).
Chiang, EP; Ko, HA; Lin, YJ; Tang, FY; Wang, YC; Wu, MT, 2015)		0.42
" The impact of H(2)S on mitochondrial energy metabolism crucially depends on the bioavailability of this gaseous molecule and its interplay with the other two gasotransmitters."( Bioenergetic relevance of hydrogen sulfide and the interplay between gasotransmitters at human cystathionine β-synthase.
Arese, M; Forte, E; Giuffrè, A; Malagrinò, F; Sarti, P; Vicente, JB, 2016)		0.43
" The findings will stimulate more studies on the biosynthesis of complex organoarsenicals, and lead to a better understanding of the bioavailability and function of the organoarsenicals in biological systems."( Arsenic Methyltransferase is Involved in Arsenosugar Biosynthesis by Providing DMA.
Francesconi, KA; Gao, H; Li, G; Raber, G; Rensing, C; Xue, XM; Yan, Y; Ye, J; Zhu, YG, 2017)		0.46
"Pterostilbene, a structural analog of resveratrol, has higher oral bioavailability and bioactivity than that of the parent compound; but is far less abundant in natural sources."( De novo biosynthesis of pterostilbene in an Escherichia coli strain using a new resveratrol O-methyltransferase from Arabidopsis.
Heo, KT; Hong, YS; Kang, SY, 2017)		0.46
"A novel, high bioavailability oral, enteric coated tablet formulation of S-adenosylmethionine (MSI-195) has been developed for life science application."( Pharmacokinetic study of a novel oral formulation of S-adenosylmethionine (MSI-195) in healthy subjects: dose escalation, food effect and comparison to a commercial nutritional supplement product.
Cameron, BR; Ferreira, L; MacDonald, ID, 2020)		0.56
"The overall conclusion was that MSI-195 was well tolerated and has markedly higher bioavailability compared with both the SAM-e Complete™ commercial product tested and, on a per mg basis, products reported in other literature."( Pharmacokinetic study of a novel oral formulation of S-adenosylmethionine (MSI-195) in healthy subjects: dose escalation, food effect and comparison to a commercial nutritional supplement product.
Cameron, BR; Ferreira, L; MacDonald, ID, 2020)		0.56
" In this study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared in order to increase the limited oral bioavailability of SAMe, and SLN based nanocomposite particles (SAMe-SLN-NC) were further developed using an enteric polymer for passive targeting of intestinal lymphatic system."( A study to enhance the oral bioavailability of s-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe): SLN and SLN nanocomposite particles.
Amasya, G; Ergin, AD; Erkan Cakirci, O; Ozçelikay, AT; Sezgin Bayindir, Z; Yuksel, N, 2021)		0.62
"40 are considered abnormal and mean that FC has a low bioavailability to the cells and so reflects a "carnitine insufficiency"."( Evaluation of carnitine nutritional status in full-term newborn infants.
Bayés, R; Campoy, C; López, C; Molina-Font, JA; Peinado, JM; Rivero, M, 1998)		0.3
"We examined the effect of acylcarnitines on the in situ bioavailability of lucifer yellow (LY) from the loops of small and large intestines of rats."( Increases in bioavailability of poorly absorbed drug by acylcarnitine.
Doi, N; Hayashi, M; Kimura, A; Tomita, M, 2012)		0.38
" Biotinidase has a key role in the reutilization of the biotin, catalyzing the hydrolysis of biocytin (ε-N-biotinyl-l-lysine) and biocytin-containing peptides derived from carboxylase turnover, thus contributing substantially to the bioavailability of this vitamin."( Biotinidase knockout mice show cellular energy deficit and altered carbon metabolism gene expression similar to that of nutritional biotin deprivation: clues for the pathogenesis in the human inherited disorder.
Heredia-Antúnez, A; Hernández-González, R; Hernández-Vázquez, A; Ibarra-González, I; Ortega-Cuellar, D; Pindolia, K; Velázquez-Arellano, A; Wolf, B, 2013)		0.39
" Ketamine response resulted in more pronounced effects in the kynurenine pathway and the arginine pathway at 4 h post-infusion, where a larger decrease in circulating kynurenine levels and a larger increase in the bioavailability of arginine were observed in responders to ketamine treatment, suggesting possible mechanisms for response to ketamine treatment."( Plasma metabolomic profiling of a ketamine and placebo crossover trial of major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects.
Ferrucci, L; Gould, TD; Kadriu, B; Khadeer, M; Lovett, J; Moaddel, R; Morris, PJ; Ravichandran, S; Shardell, M; Thomas, CJ; Yuan, P; Zarate, CA, 2018)		0.48
" Main results showed that, relative to controls, ATRA-treated mice had in plasma: increased levels of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and longer acylcarnitine species; decreased levels of citrulline, and increased global arginine bioavailability ratio for nitric oxide synthesis; increased levels of creatine, taurine and docosahexaenoic acid; and a decreased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio."( Novel Markers of the Metabolic Impact of Exogenous Retinoic Acid with A Focus on Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids.
Arreguín, A; Bonet, ML; Kopecky, J; Kuda, O; Palou, A; Ribot, J, 2019)		0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
"Many studies have investigated the effects of soy isoflavones on weight control, but few have focused on the role of equol, a gut-derived metabolite of daidzein with greater bioavailability than other soy isoflavones."( Gut microbiota and acylcarnitine metabolites connect the beneficial association between equol and adiposity in adults: a prospective cohort study.
Chen, D; Chen, YM; Fu, Y; Gou, W; Jiang, Z; Liu, CY; Wu, YY; Xie, K; Yan, Y; Yang, Y; Zheng, JS; Zhu, HL, 2022)		0.72

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"01) after 800 mg/day SAMe than after placebo while the lower dosage of SAMe did not affect UCB values."( Effect of different doses of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) on nicotinic acid-induced hyperbilirubinaemia in Gilbert's syndrome.
Coltorti, M; Di Padova, C; Gentile, S; Le Grazie, C; Orlando, C; Persico, M, 1988)		0.27
" In this article, data are reported on plasma kinetics, distribution, and metabolism of SAMe after oral administration since preference is given to oral dosage in the usual clinical practice."( Pharmacologic aspects of S-adenosylmethionine. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Stramentinoli, G, 1987)		0.27
"A non-controlled clinical phase IV trial was carried out involving 20,641 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, the hip, and the spine and also with osteoarthritic polyarthritis of the fingers, who were treated with ademetionine tablets given in a fixed dosage schedule for eight weeks."( A new medical approach to the treatment of osteoarthritis. Report of an open phase IV study with ademetionine (Gumbaral).
Berger, R; Nowak, H, 1987)		0.27
" No difference was found in comparing data in animals given SAMe at the two dosage levels."( Effect of S-adenosylmethionine on experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits.
Barceló, HA; Barreira, JC; Macias, M; Sagasta, CL; Wiemeyer, JC, 1987)		0.27
" The extent of alkylation of liver histones was maximal at about 5h after dosing and declined between 5 and 24h."( Methylation of nuclear proteins by dimethylnitrosamine and by methionine in the rat in vivo.
Craddock, VM; Turberville, C, 1971)		0.25
" At physiological concentrations, both hGH and oPRL have similar dose-response curves in a mouse mammary gland organ culture system."( Membrane modification differentially affects the binding of the lactogenic hormones human growth hormone and ovine prolactin.
Bhattacharya, A; Vonderhaar, BK, 1981)		0.26
" The lowering of epinephrine concentration was greater with L-dopa than with D-dopa, was dose-related over a dosage range of 50 to 200 mg/kg of L-dopa and was not prevented by a dopamine receptor antagonist."( Effects of L-dopa on epinephrine concentration in rat brain: possible role of inhibition of norepinephrine N-methyltransferase by S-adenosylhomocysteine.
Fuller, RW; Hemrick-Luecke, SK; Perry, KW, 1982)		0.26
" No dose-response relationship was found to exist, however."( Increased levels of S-adenosylmethionine in the livers of rats fed various forms of selenium.
Dausch, JG; Fullerton, FR, 1993)		0.29
" To clarify the actions of SAM during different stages of ischemia/ reperfusion, we have compared its benefit in five dosage regimens, using perfused rat livers after sequential periods of 24 hr cold and 20 min rewarming ischemia."( Treatment of experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury with S-adenyosylmethionine: evidence that donor pretreatment complements other regimens.
Dunne, JB; Piratvisuth, T; Tredger, JM; Williams, R, 1997)		0.3
" These present data clearly demonstrate that METH dosing leads to significant alterations in liver and blood SAM and that these changes in SAM levels correlate with changes in striatal dopamine levels."( Methamphetamine treatment affects blood and liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in mice. Correlation with dopamine depletion in the striatum.
Ali, SF; Cooney, CA; Poirier, LA; Wise, CK, 1998)		0.3
" Dosage suppressors of gcd10 mutations, encoding tRNAiMet (hcIMT1 to hcIMT4; hc indicates that the gene is carried on a high-copy-number plasmid) or a homologue of human La protein implicated in tRNA 3'-end formation (hcLHP1), also suppressed gcd14 mutations."( GCD14p, a repressor of GCN4 translation, cooperates with Gcd10p and Lhp1p in the maturation of initiator methionyl-tRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Anderson, J; Calvo, O; Cuesta, R; García-Barrio, MT; Gutiérrez, N; Hinnebusch, AG; Tamame, M, 1999)		0.3
" immediately after paracetamol overdose (T0) and 6 h after dosing (T6) and those administered S-adenosyl-L-methionine at doses of 20 mg/kg (0."( Effect of different doses of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on paracetamol hepatotoxicity in a mouse model.
Carrasco, R; Caturla, J; Esteban, A; Gutiérrez, A; Mayol, MJ; Ortiz, P; Pérez-Mateo, M, 2000)		0.31
" B6C3F1 mice were dosed dermally with DEA (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg) for 4 weeks (5 days/week)."( Diethanolamine induces hepatic choline deficiency in mice.
Gamsky, EA; Hicks, SM; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Mar, MH; Vassallo, JD; Zeisel, SH, 2002)		0.31
" One additional superimposed dosage mitigated these effects in the direction of an antidepressant profile, with the inter-drug differences waning in the 6(th) hour."( Pharmacodynamic studies on the central mode of action of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) infusions in elderly subjects, utilizing EEG mapping and psychometry.
Anderer, P; Assandri, A; di Padova, C; Lindeck-Pozza, E; Linzmayer, L; Saletu, B; Saletu-Zyhlarz, GM; Semlitsch, HV, 2002)		0.31
" Relevant mechanistic data provides a link between the molecular and cellular event(s) and adverse outcome, and insight into mechanism of action is critical for accurate evaluation of dose-response relationships and inter-species extrapolation."( Incorporating mechanistic data into risk assessment.
Lehman-McKeeman, LD, 2002)		0.31
" In the 19 patients studied, there were negative correlations between dosage or absorption and extent of O-methylation and of sulfation of L-DOPA or its metabolites."( L-DOPA biotransformation: correlations of dosage, erythrocyte catechol O-methyltransferase and platelet SULT1A3 activities with metabolic pathways in Parkinsonian patients.
Decker, PA; Dousa, MK; Muenter, MD; Offord, KP; Tyce, GM; Weinshilboum, RM, 2003)		0.32
"Subjects received oral SAMe for 4 weeks; the dosage was titrated over 5 days to 1600 mg/day."( Bioavailability and lack of toxicity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in humans.
Cohen, BM; Damico, KE; Gören, JL; Sarmiento, IA; Stoll, AL, 2004)		0.32
" A chronic longitudinal study (pre- and posttreatment parameters compared) was undertaken with 15 clinically healthy cats given a stable 1,4-butanedisulfonate (S'S isomer) SAMe salt (enteric coated tablets providing 180 mg SAMe), dosage 48 mg/kg PO q24h, on an empty stomach for 113 days."( The effects of S-adenosylmethionine on clinical pathology and redox potential in the red blood cell, liver, and bile of clinically normal cats.
Center, SA; Erb, HN; Foureman, P; Hoffmann, WE; McCabe-McClelland, J; Randolph, JF; Warner, KL, )		0.13
" Subjects with normal MMA were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dosage groups: 0, 25, or 100 microg cyanocobalamin/d."( Elevated serum S-adenosylhomocysteine in cobalamin-deficient elderly and response to treatment.
Allen, RH; Dolce, ET; Johnson, MA; Stabler, SP, 2006)		0.33
" Insights to the intracellular action of sinefungin stem from the finding that increased gene dosage of yeast AdoMet synthase plus cap guanine-N7 methyltransferase afforded greater resistance to sinefungin than either enzyme alone."( Sinefungin resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae arising from Sam3 mutations that inactivate the AdoMet transporter or from increased expression of AdoMet synthase plus mRNA cap guanine-N7 methyltransferase.
Schwer, B; Shuman, S; Zheng, S, 2007)		0.34
" glabrata, respectively), but showed little toxicity to mice liver cells at clinical dosage after 24 h of exposure, with the lowest lactate dehydrogenase and the highest ED(50) compared to four other azoles antifungal agents."( Antifungal activity of 25-azalanosterol against Candida species.
Wang, J; Wu, J, 2008)		0.35
" SAM stimulated GST activity in a dose-response manner when added to homogenates derived from the above ApoE-/- mice."( S-adenosylmethionine mediates glutathione efficacy by increasing glutathione S-transferase activity: implications for S-adenosyl methionine as a neuroprotective dietary supplement.
Falcone, D; Graves, M; Shea, TB; Tchantchou, F, 2008)		0.35
" Correcting the insufficiency by dosing folate along with the SSRI results in a significantly better antidepressant response."( The methylation, neurotransmitter, and antioxidant connections between folate and depression.
Miller, AL, 2008)		0.35
"Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared SAMe at any dosage and in any formulation with placebo or no intervention in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip."( S-Adenosylmethionine for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip.
Jüni, P; Nüesch, E; Reichenbach, S; Rutjes, AW, 2009)		0.35
"The objective of this study was to examine the dose-response relationship between As and global methylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA in apparently healthy Bangladeshi adults chronically exposed to a wide range of As concentrations in drinking water."( A dose-response study of arsenic exposure and global methylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA in Bangladeshi adults.
Alam, S; Gamble, MV; Graziano, JH; Hall, MN; Harper, KN; Ilievski, V; Levy, D; Liu, X; Mey, JL; Niedzwiecki, MM; Oka, J; Parvez, F; Siddique, AB; Slavkovich, V; van Geen, A, )		0.13
" The assay was validated by pilot high-throughput screening (HTS), dose-response confirmation of hits, and elimination of artifacts through counterscreening against SAH detection in the absence of NSD1."( A sensitive luminescent assay for the histone methyltransferase NSD1 and other SAM-dependent enzymes.
Drake, KM; Glynn, R; Kisielewski, A; Napper, AD; Watson, VG, 2014)		0.4
" Patients of the first group received Ademetionin in a dosage 400 mg 2 times a day within 7 days."( [Comparative results of use liver protecting drugs for prophylaxis of the liver failure after extensive resections of the liver].
Artemyev, AI; Bashkov, AN; Grigorieva, OO; Naidyonov, EV; Rudakov, VS; Voskanyan, SE; Zabezhinsky, DA; Zhurbin, AS, )		0.13
"It was studied the influence of therapeutic and preventive administration of substances 18 and E-38 in the dosage of 12mg/kg during chronic mild stress "conflict of afferent activation" during 30 days and depression-like behavior chronic mild stress that modeled 8 weeks."( Anhedonia at experimental models of chronic stress and its correction.
Bobyriov, VM; Lutsenko, RV; Sydorenko, AH, )		0.13
"Prolonged hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were modeled in experimental rats by dosing the animals with L-thyroxine and thiamazole, respectively, for 21 days."( The impact of B vitamins on the functioning of methylation cycle in the liver and the kidneys of hyper- and hypothyroid rats.
Bulko, I; Dmytrenko, I; Korda, M; Nechyporuk, V; Pentiuk, L, 2020)		0.56
" We found that NELF-A dosage regulates Drosophila healthspan: Halving NELF-A level in the heterozygous mutants or via neuronal-specific RNAi depletion improves their locomotor activity, stress resistance, and lifespan significantly."( NELF-A controls Drosophila healthspan by regulating heat-shock protein-mediated cellular protection and heterochromatin maintenance.
Lin, WQ; Ngian, ZK; Ong, CT, 2021)		0.62
" The current review highlights the therapeutic roles of SAMe and probiotics in depression, their mechanistic targets, and their possible synergistic effects and may help in the development of food supplements consisting of a combination of SAMe and probiotics with new dosage forms that may improve their bioavailability."( The Efficacy of S-Adenosyl Methionine and Probiotic Supplementation on Depression: A Synergistic Approach.
Daglia, M; Di Minno, A; Khan, A; Rengasamy, KRR; Sacchi, R; Ullah, H, 2022)		0.72
" Betaine has been used for more than 30 years in pyridoxine non-responsive cystathionine beta-synthase (pnrCBS) and cobalamin C (cblC) deficiencies to lower the hyperhomocysteinemia, although little is known about the optimal therapeutic dosage and its pharmacokinetic in these patients."( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of betaine in CBS and cblC deficiencies: a cross-over randomized controlled trial.
Alberti, C; Benoist, JF; de Baulny, HO; Feillet, F; Garcia-Segarra, N; Guilmin-Crépon, S; Haignere, J; Imbard, A; Kaguelidou, F; Kuster, A; Magréault, S; Perronneau, I; Schiff, M; Schlemmer, D; Toumazi, A, 2022)		0.72
"Our analysis shows that there is no overt benefit to increasing betaine dosage higher than 100 mg/kg/day to lower tHcy concentrations in pnrCBS and cblC deficiencies."( Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of betaine in CBS and cblC deficiencies: a cross-over randomized controlled trial.
Alberti, C; Benoist, JF; de Baulny, HO; Feillet, F; Garcia-Segarra, N; Guilmin-Crépon, S; Haignere, J; Imbard, A; Kaguelidou, F; Kuster, A; Magréault, S; Perronneau, I; Schiff, M; Schlemmer, D; Toumazi, A, 2022)		0.72
" Knowing the pleiotropic negative impact of Hcy on gametes, embryos and pregnancy in general, we strongly recommend a Hcy dosage in both members of couples seeking treatment for pregnancy."( The importance of preconception Hcy testing: identification of a folate trap syndrome in a woman attending an assisted reproduction program.
Clément, A; Clément, P; Menezo, YJR; Viot, G, 2023)		0.91
" A dose-response study showed that the accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines in serum contributes to the separation of wild-type mice undergoing APAP-induced hepatotoxicity from other mouse groups in a multivariate model."( Serum metabolomics reveals irreversible inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation through the suppression of PPARalpha activation as a contributing mechanism of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
Chen, C; Gonzalez, FJ; Idle, JR; Krausz, KW; Shah, YM, 2009)		0.35
" In a double blind 2 × 2 Latin square design at a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for 28 days the effects of oral supplementation of L-carnitine (as fumarate) were assessed."( The effect of long-term oral L-carnitine administration on insulin sensitivity, glucose disposal, plasma concentrations of leptin and acylcarnitines, and urinary acylcarnitine excretion in warmblood horses.
Buyse, J; de Graaf-Roelfsema, E; de Sain-van der Velden, MG; Janssens, GP; Kranenburg, LC; van den Broek, J; van der Kolk, JH; Westermann, CM, 2014)		0.4
"The current study supports the treatment rationale of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in humans with L-carnitine at an oral dosage of 100 mg/kg BW/day."( The effect of long-term oral L-carnitine administration on insulin sensitivity, glucose disposal, plasma concentrations of leptin and acylcarnitines, and urinary acylcarnitine excretion in warmblood horses.
Buyse, J; de Graaf-Roelfsema, E; de Sain-van der Velden, MG; Janssens, GP; Kranenburg, LC; van den Broek, J; van der Kolk, JH; Westermann, CM, 2014)		0.4
" Time-related changes in the serum and muscle ACC profiles were demonstrated that were not affected by the CLA supplement at the dosage used in the present study."( Acylcarnitine profiles in serum and muscle of dairy cows receiving conjugated linoleic acids or a control fat supplement during early lactation.
Adamski, J; Dänicke, S; Prehn, C; Rehage, J; Sadri, H; Saremi, B; Sauerwein, H; Yang, Y, 2019)		0.51
" In brief, a total of 148 Sprague-Dawley rats (offspring) were dosed with estradiol benzoate (EB) on postnatal days (PNDs) 1, 3 and 5, and subsequently dosed with testosterone (T)/estradiol (E) tubes via subcutaneous implants from PND 90 to 200."( Distinct lipid signatures are identified in the plasma of rats with chronic inflammation induced by estradiol benzoate and sex hormones.
Beger, RD; Cao, Z; Nakamura, N; Pence, LM, 2020)		0.56
"Our goal was to determine the efficacy of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition's recommended carnitine dosage of 5 mg/kg/day in maintaining normal serum free carnitine and total acylcarnitine levels in preterm neonates receiving parenteral nutrition (PN)."( Carnitine supplementation increases serum concentrations of free carnitine and total acylcarnitine in preterm neonates: A retrospective cohort study.
Miller, M; Morrissey, M; Rastogi, D; Rastogi, S; Sasenick, J, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (7)

RoleDescription
cofactorAn organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
coenzymeA low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons.
nutraceuticalA product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.
micronutrientAny nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metaboliteAny fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Mycoplasma genitalium metaboliteAny bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium.
cofactorAn organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
sulfonium compound
organic cationAny organic ion with a net positive charge.
sulfonium compound
sulfonium betaineNeutral molecules having charge-separated forms with an sulfonium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1,748)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Transport of small molecules39295
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport13567
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides5427
Developmental Biology72730
Reproduction868
Meiosis594
Meiotic recombination292
Metabolism14961108
Metabolism of lipids500463
Phospholipid metabolism12242
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis7439
Synthesis of PC2017
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors146155
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors102114
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism1825
Nicotinate metabolism2243
Nicotinamide salvaging1030
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis817
Amino acid and derivative metabolism250260
Histidine catabolism822
Metabolism of polyamines5621
Creatine metabolism615
Metabolism of amine-derived hormones1440
Catecholamine biosynthesis418
Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis315
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation2037
Sulfur amino acid metabolism2763
Selenoamino acid metabolism2450
Metabolism of ingested SeMet, Sec, MeSec into H2Se423
Methylation of MeSeH for excretion15
Formation of selenosugars for excretion011
Biological oxidations150276
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds73122
Methylation1338
DNA Repair25547
DNA Double-Strand Break Repair10313
DNA Double Strand Break Response379
Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks337
Signaling Pathways1269117
Visual phototransduction6241
The phototransduction cascade2621
Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade2518
Signaling by WNT14820
TCF dependent signaling in response to WNT1049
Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex224
MAPK family signaling cascades11519
ERK1/ERK2 pathway9319
RAF/MAP kinase cascade9119
Cellular responses to stimuli48356
Cellular responses to stress46954
Cellular Senescence849
Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence257
Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP)374
Neuronal System16650
Transmission across Chemical Synapses12250
Neurotransmitter clearance725
Clearance of dopamine413
Enzymatic degradation of dopamine by COMT310
Enzymatic degradation of Dopamine by monoamine oxidase210
Cell Cycle53831
Cell Cycle, Mitotic41031
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases1738
G2/M Transition1728
Cyclin A/B1/B2 associated events during G2/M transition187
M Phase27921
Mitotic Prophase6214
Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes1310
Histidine Metabolism1735
Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism1434
Glycine and Serine Metabolism2452
Arginine and Proline Metabolism2047
Tryptophan Metabolism1855
Tyrosine Metabolism1657
Betaine Metabolism818
Carnitine Synthesis517
Catecholamine Biosynthesis314
Methionine Metabolism1637
Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis614
Ubiquinone Biosynthesis518
Prolidase Deficiency (PD)2047
Arginine: Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency)2047
Hyperprolinemia Type II2047
Hyperprolinemia Type I2047
Prolinemia Type II2047
Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency)2047
Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency)2047
Aromatic L-Aminoacid Decarboxylase Deficiency314
Cystathionine beta-Synthase Deficiency1637
Hypermethioninemia1637
S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) Hydrolase Deficiency1637
Glycine N-Methyltransferase Deficiency1637
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD)1637
Methionine Adenosyltransferase Deficiency1637
Histidinemia1735
Alkaptonuria1657
Hawkinsinuria1657
Tyrosinemia Type I1657
Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency2452
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD)2452
Sarcosinemia2452
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia2452
Azathioprine Action Pathway4782
Mercaptopurine Action Pathway4780
Phenytoin (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway6923
Thioguanine Action Pathway4781
Disulfiram Action Pathway2366
Hyperglycinemia, Non-Ketotic2452
Tyrosinemia, Transient, of the Newborn1657
Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency314
Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency1657
Creatine Deficiency, Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency2047
Hyperornithinemia with Gyrate Atrophy (HOGA)2047
Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome]2047
L-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency2047
Monoamine Oxidase-A Deficiency (MAO-A)1657
Homocystinuria-Megaloblastic Anemia Due to Defect in Cobalamin Metabolism, cblG Complementation Type1637
Mercaptopurine Metabolism Pathway1524
Methylhistidine Metabolism14
3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency2452
Lipoic Acid Metabolism310
Tyrosine Biosynthesis519
Quorum Sensing1020
S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Biosynthesis817
Secondary Metabolites: Ubiquinol Biosynthesis922
Metabolism of proteins1058144
Translation26733
PreQ0 Metabolism623
Menaquinol Biosythesis1224
Thiamin Diphosphate Biosynthesis1027
Secondary Metabolites: Ubiquinol Biosynthesis 2923
Spermidine Biosynthesis I611
Thiazole Biosynthesis I314
S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Cycle414
Spermidine Biosynthesis and Metabolism39
Lipoate Biosynthesis and Incorporation I24
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid (CFA) Biosynthesis13
Operon: Methionine Biosynthesis Inactivation11
Methionine Metabolism and Salvage1534
Sarcosine Oncometabolite Pathway1321
Lysolipid Incorporation into Mitochondria514
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER1023
Cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism CE(14:0)2250
Cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism CE(10:0)2250
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Metabolism CE(12:0)2250
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Metabolism CE(16:0)2250
Cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism CE(18:0)2250
Lysolipid incorporation into Mitochondria PC(16:0/16:0)515
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(10:0/10:0)1016
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(14:0/14:0)1023
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(16:0/16:0)1024
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))1024
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(16:1(11Z)/16:1(11Z))1017
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(18:0/18:0)1024
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))1023
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(18:2(9Z,11Z)/18:2(9Z,11Z))1019
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))1023
Lysolipid incorporation into Mitochondria PC(10:0/10:0)58
Lysolipid incorporation into Mitochondria PC(14:0/14:0)514
Lysolipid incorporation into Mitochondria PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))515
Lysolipid incorporation into Mitochondria PC(16:1(11Z)/16:1(11Z))59
Lysolipid incorporation into Mitochondria PC(18:0/18:0)515
Lysolipid incorporation into Mitochondria PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))514
Lysolipid incorporation into Mitochondria PC(18:2(9Z,11Z)/18:2(9Z,11Z))510
Lysolipid incorporation into Mitochondria PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))514
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/10:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/12:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/14:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/15:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/16:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/12:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/14:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/15:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/16:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/15:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/14:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/14:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/14:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/14:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/14:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/14:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/15:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/15:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/15:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/20:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/15:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/15:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/16:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/18:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/18:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/15:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/15:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/16:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/15:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/15:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/16:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/16:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/15:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/15:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/16:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/14:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/14:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/15:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/15:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/15:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/15:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/15:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/15:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/15:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/15:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/16:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/16:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/16:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/16:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(11Z)/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/18:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/18:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/22:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/22:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/18:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/20:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/18:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/23:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/23:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/18:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/18:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/18:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/24:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/24:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/22:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/22:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/20:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(11Z)/18:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/25:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/25:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/20:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/23:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/23:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:0/16:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(9Z)/20:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(15:1(11Z)/20:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/22:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/22:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:1(9Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/26:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(10:0/26:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/24:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/24:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(12:0/20:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:1(9Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:1(11Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(14:1(11Z)/22:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:1(13Z))23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:1(11Z))27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:0)27
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:1(11Z)/20:0)23
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:0)27
Eukaryotic Translation Termination45
Post-translational protein modification666112
Gamma carboxylation, hypusinylation, hydroxylation, and arylsulfatase activation4626
Synthesis of diphthamide-EEF287
Protein methylation174
Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis615
Flavonoid Biosynthesis1150
Flavone and Flavonol Biosynthesis627
Choline Biosynthesis I415
Choline Biosynthesis II618
Phylloquinol Biosynthesis516
Plastoquinol-9 Biosynthesis616
Thio-Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis717
Glycine Betaine Biosynthesis I621
Glycine Betaine Biosynthesis II824
Protein repair39
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis615
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:1(11Z))620
Disease1278231
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
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Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
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Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
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Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z))620
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Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
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Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
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Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:1(13Z))620
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Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/9D5)619
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/11D3)619
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/9M5)620
Estrone Metabolism1622
Diseases of metabolism69121
Defects in vitamin and cofactor metabolism1717
Defects in cobalamin (B12) metabolism1114
Defective MTRR causes HMAE16
Metabolic disorders of biological oxidation enzymes647
Defective TPMT causes TPMT deficiency02
Stilbenoid, Diarylheptanoid, and Gingerol Biosynthesis417
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:1(13Z))1120
Chromatin organization12016
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(13Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(13Z)/22:0)1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(13Z)/22:1(13Z))1120
Chromatin modifying enzymes12016
PKMTs methylate histone lysines142
RMTs methylate histone arginines184
Gene expression (Transcription)90249
RNA Polymerase II Transcription72842
Generic Transcription Pathway60839
Transcriptional Regulation by TP5321931
Regulation of TP53 Activity9910
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Methylation154
Spermine Syn07
Transcriptional regulation by RUNX11216
S-adenosyl-L-methionine salvage II011
ethene biosynthesis I (plants)015
RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs604
4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine biosynthesis I011
diphthamide biosynthesis II (eukaryotes)013
RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function222
pyocyanin biosynthesis011
superpathway of proto- and siroheme biosynthesis1638
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis V14
superpathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis818
simple coumarins biosynthesis2221
cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) biosynthesis23
Gene Silencing by RNA765
MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis205
PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis292
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression11717
PRC2 methylates histones and DNA92
Positive epigenetic regulation of rRNA expression404
Activation of rRNA Expression by ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a)102
Negative epigenetic regulation of rRNA expression456
SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression95
NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression423
DNA methylation62
diphthamide biosynthesis I (archaea)011
Metabolism of RNA63740
mRNA Capping156
rRNA processing18610
rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol1768
rRNA modification in the nucleus and cytosol588
tRNA processing10729
tRNA modification in the nucleus and cytosol4325
Synthesis of wybutosine at G37 of tRNA(Phe)616
Non-coding RNA Metabolism522
snRNP Assembly522
spermidine hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates biosynthesis414
choline biosynthesis I221
vestitol and sativan biosynthesis08
aucuparin biosynthesis612
u03B2-alanine betaine biosynthesis16
L-nicotianamine biosynthesis94
caffeine biosynthesis II (via paraxanthine)011
superpathway of plastoquinol biosynthesis318
phenylpropanoids methylation (ice plant)125
polymethylated quercetin biosynthesis210
methyl indole-3-acetate interconversion212
yatein biosynthesis II19
u03B3-coniciene and coniine biosynthesis012
free phenylpropanoid acid biosynthesis410
dimethylsulfoniopropanoate biosynthesis I (Wollastonia)115
nevadensin biosynthesis012
superpathway of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis III (eukaryotes)324
isoflavonoid biosynthesis II124
simplecoumarins biosynthesis620
ephedrine biosynthesis019
choline biosynthesis II08
superpathway of choline biosynthesis1122
N-methyl-u03941-pyrrolinium cation biosynthesis021
chelerythrine biosynthesis1024
gossypetin metabolism025
chrysoeriol biosynthesis05
superpathway of seleno-compound metabolism339
polymethylated myricetin biosynthesis (tomato)27
spermine biosynthesis07
L-methionine degradation I (to L-homocysteine)211
sakuranetin biosynthesis012
echinatin biosynthesis010
superpathway of phylloquinol biosynthesis1731
L-methionine salvage cycle II (plants)829
seleno-amino acid detoxification and volatilization I14
pterostilbene biosynthesis16
vitexin and derivatives biosynthesis015
diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine biosynthesis14
vitamin E biosynthesis (tocopherols)017
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis IV211
hesperitin glycoside biosynthesis010
laudanine biosynthesis07
(S)-reticuline biosynthesis I030
furaneol and mesifurane biosynthesis214
sorgoleone biosynthesis517
volatile benzenoid biosynthesis I (ester formation)119
seleno-amino acid detoxification and volatilization II011
26,27-dehydrozymosterol metabolism15
suberin monomers biosynthesis1036
chlorogenic acid biosynthesis I615
DIMBOA-glucoside biosynthesis210
juvenile hormone III biosynthesis I017
L-methionine salvage cycle I (bacteria and plants)232
N-methylanthraniloyl-u03B2-D-glucopyranose biosynthesis37
methylquercetin biosynthesis29
eupatolitin 3-O-glucoside biosynthesis030
betaxanthin biosynthesis09
superpathway of pterocarpan biosynthesis (via formononetin)031
pinitol biosynthesis II016
superpathway of avenacin A biosynthesis615
ergosterol biosynthesis II113
S-methyl-L-methionine cycle36
sulfur volatiles biosynthesis26
S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle II427
serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis014
salvigenin biosynthesis713
3,5-dimethoxytoluene biosynthesis46
palmatine biosynthesis016
papaverine biosynthesis312
polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis I - quercetin series (Chrysosplenium)226
coniferyl alcohol 9-methyl ester biosynthesis28
glutathione-mediated detoxification II816
ajmaline and sarpagine biosynthesis137
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis II512
superpathway of hyoscyamine and scopolamine biosynthesis434
7-dehydroporiferasterol biosynthesis08
2'-deoxymugineic acid phytosiderophore biosynthesis1115
yatein biosynthesis I010
daphnetin modification111
phylloquinol biosynthesis213
superpathway of polyamine biosynthesis012
theobromine biosynthesis I09
polymethylated kaempferol biosynthesis18
t-anethole biosynthesis29
scopoletin biosynthesis411
superpathway of phospholipid biosynthesis II (plants)1731
methylhalides biosynthesis (plants)28
caffeine biosynthesis I011
gramine biosynthesis07
coumarins biosynthesis (engineered)628
6-methoxypodophyllotoxin biosynthesis014
syringetin biosynthesis214
superpathway of polyamine biosynthesis II114
pinitol biosynthesis I16
superpathway of benzoxazinoid glucosides biosynthesis920
dimethylsulfoniopropanoate biosynthesis II (Spartina)021
theobromine biosynthesis II (via xanthine)06
6-gingerol biosynthesis04
botryococcenes and methylated squalene biosynthesis014
sterculate biosynthesis05
xanthohumol biosynthesis216
molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis618
phenylpropanoid biosynthesis1628
S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis16
isoflavonoid biosynthesis I014
superpathway of betalain biosynthesis241
1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene biosynthesis57
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis I (aerobic, light-dependent)1221
vitamin E biosynthesis (tocotrienols)113
ferulate and sinapate biosynthesis013
pinosylvin metabolism211
superpathway of nicotine biosynthesis229
gibberellin inactivation II (methylation)010
tricetin methylation16
acacetin biosynthesis05
sanguinarine and macarpine biosynthesis639
trigonelline biosynthesis06
homogalacturonan biosynthesis015
siroheme biosynthesis111
gossypol biosynthesis021
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis III210
polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis II - quercetagetin series (Chrysosplenium)231
pinobanksin biosynthesis115
superpathway of flavones and derivatives biosynthesis1744
kaempferide triglycoside biosynthesis115
esculetin modification219
bixin biosynthesis313
superpathway of scopolin and esculin biosynthesis127
ponciretin biosynthesis05
ubiquinol-10 biosynthesis (eukaryotic)021
(+)-pisatin biosynthesis011
noscapine biosynthesis725
volatile cinnamoic ester biosynthesis016
spermidine biosynthesis I07
berberine biosynthesis032
capsaicin biosynthesis616
6-methoxymellein biosynthesis022
secologanin and strictosidine biosynthesis332
indole glucosinolate activation (intact plant cell)517
emetine biosynthesis515
colchicine biosynthesis018
ethylene biosynthesis I (plants)415
plastoquinol-9 biosynthesis I013
superpathway of polymethylated quercetin/quercetagetin glucoside biosynthesis (Chrysosplenium)234
superpathway of isoflavonoids (via naringenin)028
arctigenin and isoarctigenin biosynthesis36
rot-2'-enonate biosynthesis010
quercetin sulfate biosynthesis215
epoxypseudoisoeugenol-2-methylbutanoate biosynthesis016
ubiquinol-9 biosynthesis (eukaryotic)119
4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine biosynthesis211
formononetin biosynthesis011
acridone alkaloid biosynthesis417
seleno-amino acid detoxification and volatilization III26
linear furanocoumarin biosynthesis120
1-methylpyrrolinium biosynthesis012
superpathway of hyoscyamine (atropine) and scopolamine biosynthesis039
ubiquinol-10 biosynthesis (late decarboxylation)021
Amino acids regulate mTORC1226
Diseases of programmed cell death3611
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Metabolism2248
Juvenile Hormone Synthesis522
Arsenate Detoxification716
superpathway of ergosterol biosynthesis II133
magnoflorine biosynthesis08
tricin biosynthesis512
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tryptophan1229
epiberberine biosynthesis08
phytosterol biosynthesis (plants)1531
vanillin biosynthesis I111
methylsalicylate biosynthesis14
guaiacol biosynthesis25
superpathway of methylsalicylate metabolism311
vindoline, vindorosine and vinblastine biosynthesis240
Amaryllidacea alkaloids biosynthesis225
fluoroacetate and fluorothreonine biosynthesis016
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis III (aerobic, light independent)023
Renz2020 - GEM of Human alveolar macrophage with SARS-CoV-20490
RAS processing1318
Defective pyroptosis47
Cellular response to starvation358
Sensory Perception21568
Drug ADME6387
Azathioprine ADME1626
Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism722
avenanthramide biosynthesis021
ubiquinol-9 biosynthesis (late decarboxylation)019
Kleefstra syndrome04
10q22q23 copy number variation014
Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT)6017
Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus106
diphthamide biosynthesis111
spermine biosynthesis17
methionine salvage cycle III1028
(S)-reticuline biosynthesis116
superpathway of tryptophan utilization4292
spermidine biosynthesis17
mRNA capping48
ubiquinol-10 biosynthesis821
cysteine biosynthesis/homocysteine degradation (trans-sulfuration)113
cysteine biosynthesis519
superpathway of methionine degradation1945
methionine degradation410
secologanin and strictosidine biosynthesis1336
polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis I - quercetin series (Chrysosplenium)231
pinobanksin biosynthesis215
methylquercetin biosynthesis210
1,4-dihydroxy-6-naphthoate biosynthesis II714
1,4-dihydroxy-6-naphthoate biosynthesis I817
tricetin methylation26
8-methylmenaquinone biosynthesis25
vindoline and vinblastine biosynthesis635
polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis II - quercetagetin series (Chrysosplenium)238
superpathway of nicotine biosynthesis232
tricin biosynthesis612
homogalacturonan biosynthesis014
superpathway of seleno-compound metabolism744
fluoroacetate and fluorothreonine biosynthesis422
L-homocysteine biosynthesis725
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis I (aerobic, light-dependent)1924
heme b biosynthesis III (from siroheme)113
heme b biosynthesis II (anaerobic)413
superpathway of heme b biosynthesis from uroporphyrinogen-III517
papaverine biosynthesis313
chelerythrine biosynthesis823
sanguinarine and macarpine biosynthesis839
palmatine biosynthesis09
berberine biosynthesis132
spermidine biosynthesis III511
glycine betaine biosynthesis IV (from glycine)412
spermidine biosynthesis I635
(aminomethyl)phosphonate degradation1231
10,13-epoxy-11-methyl-octadecadienoate biosynthesis25
caffeine biosynthesis I012
caffeine biosynthesis II (via paraxanthine)012
methyl indole-3-acetate interconversion013
seleno-amino acid detoxification and volatilization I05
scopoletin biosynthesis515
seleno-amino acid detoxification and volatilization II015
suberin monomers biosynthesis1342
coumarins biosynthesis (engineered)831
esculetin modification221
daphnetin modification115
linear furanocoumarin biosynthesis221
phenolphthiocerol biosynthesis1231
superpathway of demethylmenaquinol-6 biosynthesis II619
superpathway of scopolin and esculin biosynthesis131
superpathway of choline biosynthesis532
autoinducer CAI-1 biosynthesis214
autoinducer AI-2 biosynthesis I319
autoinducer AI-2 biosynthesis II (Vibrio)213
dimycocerosyl triglycosyl phenolphthiocerol biosynthesis1017
hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis II (mammalian)214
spinosyn A biosynthesis926
phthiocerol biosynthesis1320
isoflavonoid biosynthesis I120
(+)-pisatin biosynthesis015
diphthamide biosynthesis II (eukaryotes)613
free phenylpropanoid acid biosynthesis210
p-HBAD biosynthesis818
isoflavonoid biosynthesis II128
diphthamide biosynthesis I (archaea)212
ferulate and sinapate biosynthesis112
staphylopine biosynthesis39
stipitatate biosynthesis424
volatile cinnamoic ester biosynthesis216
superpathway of benzoxazinoid glucosides biosynthesis1020
sakuranetin biosynthesis112
t-anethole biosynthesis215
hesperitin glycoside biosynthesis011
gliotoxin inactivation17
dTDP-D-forosamine biosynthesis624
N-methylanthraniloyl-u03B2-D-glucopyranose biosynthesis38
molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis1823
L-nicotianamine biosynthesis24
superpathway of L-lysine degradation33112
polymethylated kaempferol biosynthesis110
histamine degradation424
dopamine degradation431
1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene biosynthesis67
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis II (anaerobic)934
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis III (aerobic, light independent)823
furaneol and mesifurane biosynthesis318
psilocybin biosynthesis016
diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine biosynthesis24
aflatoxins B1 and G1 biosynthesis218
sulfur volatiles biosynthesis25
gossypol biosynthesis023
shinorine biosynthesis321
dimethyl sulfide biosynthesis from methionine210
toxoflavin biosynthesis318
anditomin biosynthesis1235
gliotoxin biosynthesis729
dTDP-L-mycarose biosynthesis1118
aflatoxins B2 and G2 biosynthesis313
sterigmatocystin biosynthesis210
gadusol biosynthesis211
heme degradation V213
juvenile hormone III biosynthesis I422
serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis717
geodin biosynthesis020
catecholamine biosynthesis328
aucuparin biosynthesis613
juvenile hormone III biosynthesis II116
dTDP-L-megosamine biosynthesis519
dTDP-D-ravidosamine and dTDP-4-acetyl-D-ravidosamine biosynthesis519
dTDP-D-olivose, dTDP-D-oliose and dTDP-D-mycarose biosynthesis618
dTDP-u03B2-L-evernitrose biosynthesis113
glutathione-mediated detoxification II1517
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis II012
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis III09
dTDP-4-O-demethyl-u03B2-L-noviose biosynthesis515
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis V510
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis IV010
dTDP-u03B2-L-4-epi-vancosamine biosynthesis520
dTDP-D-desosamine biosynthesis1422
noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation823
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate857
dTDP-u03B1-D-mycaminose biosynthesis415
noscapine biosynthesis1123
superpathway of ergotamine biosynthesis728
meleagrin biosynthesis011
Amaryllidacea alkaloids biosynthesis236
neoxaline biosynthesis08
acridone alkaloid biosynthesis317
fumitremorgin C biosynthesis518
viridicatin biosynthesis020
emetine biosynthesis520
superpathway of roquefortine, meleagrin and neoxaline biosynthesis022
u03B3-coniciene and coniine biosynthesis022
peramine biosynthesis110
N-methyl-u03941-pyrrolinium cation biosynthesis027
4'-methoxyviridicatin biosynthesis018
vitamin E biosynthesis (tocopherols)518
phylloquinol biosynthesis415
glycine betaine biosynthesis V (from glycine)07
Spermine Syn413
superpathway of polyamine biosynthesis I759
creatine biosynthesis411
spermidine hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates biosynthesis315
yersiniabactin biosynthesis415
superpathway of arginine and polyamine biosynthesis18101
factor 430 biosynthesis620
paromamine biosynthesis II522
superpathway of polyamine biosynthesis II920
phenylpropanoid biosynthesis1229
factor 420 biosynthesis522
brassicicene C biosynthesis518
tetrahydromethanopterin biosynthesis938
S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis519
FeMo cofactor biosynthesis614
polymethylated quercetin biosynthesis211
acacetin biosynthesis07
2'-deoxymugineic acid phytosiderophore biosynthesis1214
actinomycin D biosynthesis519
nevadensin biosynthesis013
blasticidin S biosynthesis925
3-methylarginine biosynthesis211
heme d1 biosynthesis412
roseoflavin biosynthesis119
prodigiosin biosynthesis1029
glucosinolate biosynthesis from tryptophan532
rebeccamycin biosynthesis723
cephamycin C biosynthesis216
6-methylpretetramide biosynthesis917
4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine biosynthesis614
pyochelin biosynthesis314
elloramycin biosynthesis1525
superpathway of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis III (eukaryotes)1225
superpathway of rifamycin B biosynthesis1354
nocardicin A biosynthesis619
superpathway of L-methionine biosynthesis (transsulfuration)959
L-methionine biosynthesis III928
thiocoraline biosynthesis415
dechlorogriseofulvin biosynthesis311
novobiocin biosynthesis1741
superpathway of L-homoserine and L-methionine biosynthesis649
superpathway of L-methionine biosynthesis (by sulfhydrylation)1955
gentamicin biosynthesis426
pyocyanin biosynthesis212
L-methionine biosynthesis I430
fosfomycin biosynthesis426
bacimethrin and bacimethrin pyrophosphate biosynthesis414
superpathway of penicillin, cephalosporin and cephamycin biosynthesis1169
tetracycline and oxytetracycline biosynthesis620
tetracenomycin C biosynthesis1020
superpathway of tetracycline and oxytetracycline biosynthesis1530
L-pyrrolysine biosynthesis313
phosalacine biosynthesis2049
daunorubicin biosynthesis1930
mithramycin biosynthesis1628
arginomycin biosynthesis722
L-methionine salvage cycle I (bacteria and plants)1938
staurosporine biosynthesis824
L-methionine salvage cycle III1029
L-methionine salvage cycle II (plants)832
phosphinothricin tripeptide biosynthesis1956
saframycin A biosynthesis618
lincomycin biosynthesis316
rifamycin B biosynthesis930
indolmycin biosynthesis830
aclacinomycin biosynthesis1428
puromycin biosynthesis227
echinomycin and triostin A biosynthesis618
dehydrophos biosynthesis1025
superpathway of L-cysteine biosynthesis (fungi)628
L-cysteine biosynthesis VI (from L-methionine)518
L-cysteine biosynthesis III (from L-homocysteine)322
superpathway of L-cysteine biosynthesis (mammalian)928
glyphosate degradation III718
superpathway of ergosterol biosynthesis II135
superpathway of ergosterol biosynthesis I2156
Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigen biosynthesis418
ergosterol biosynthesis I514
ergosterol biosynthesis II116
superpathway of sulfur amino acid biosynthesis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)1043
superpathway of L-lysine, L-threonine and L-methionine biosynthesis I1994
7-dehydroporiferasterol biosynthesis118
rot-2'-enonate biosynthesis012
choline biosynthesis I021
choline biosynthesis II09
cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide biosynthesis II (late cobalt incorporation)1444
cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide biosynthesis I (early cobalt insertion)1731
salinosporamide A biosynthesis1129
okenone biosynthesis511
spirilloxanthin and 2,2'-diketo-spirilloxanthin biosynthesis515
tRNA methylation (yeast)103
5-(carboxymethoxy)uridine biosynthesis27
spheroidene and spheroidenone biosynthesis612
mRNA capping I58
wybutosine biosynthesis510
queuosine biosynthesis521
mRNA capping II38
methylwyosine biosynthesis59
tRNA-uridine 2-thiolation (bacteria)1019
tRNA-uridine 2-thiolation (cytoplasmic)910
u03B2-alanine betaine biosynthesis18
7-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-wyosine biosynthesis610
L-dopa degradation117
2-methylisoborneol biosynthesis49
superpathway of bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis2270
bacteriochlorophyll e biosynthesis642
bacteriochlorophyll c biosynthesis1030
bacteriochlorophyll d biosynthesis524
siroheme biosynthesis811
superpathway of dTDP-glucose-derived antibiotic building blocks biosynthesis3139
superpathway of erythromycin biosynthesis1842
superpathway of pterocarpan biosynthesis (via formononetin)334
superpathway of megalomicin A biosynthesis842
oleandomycin biosynthesis720
superpathway of isoflavonoids (via naringenin)034
mycinamicin biosynthesis1224
erythromycin A biosynthesis212
superpathway of menaquinol-8 biosynthesis II524
superpathway of erythromycin biosynthesis (without sugar biosynthesis)823
menaquinol-8 biosynthesis15
superpathway of menaquinol-11 biosynthesis024
tylosin biosynthesis1426
menaquinol-12 biosynthesis09
superpathway of menaquinol-6 biosynthesis I324
menaquinol-9 biosynthesis05
yatein biosynthesis II112
superpathway of ubiquinol-6 biosynthesis (eukaryotic)527
superpathway of menaquinol-8 biosynthesis III722
superpathway of menaquinol-8 biosynthesis I1036
yatein biosynthesis I110
superpathway of menaquinol-12 biosynthesis024
menaquinol-13 biosynthesis09
plastoquinol-9 biosynthesis II317
menaquinol-10 biosynthesis09
superpathway of menaquinol-9 biosynthesis124
plastoquinol-9 biosynthesis I014
menaquinol-4 biosynthesis I03
menaquinol-7 biosynthesis29
superpathway of plastoquinol biosynthesis119
superpathway of hyoscyamine and scopolamine biosynthesis441
superpathway of menaquinol-13 biosynthesis024
superpathway of menaquinol-10 biosynthesis024
menaquinol-11 biosynthesis09
menaquinol-6 biosynthesis15
superpathway of menaquinol-7 biosynthesis925
methylphosphonate degradation I717
methylphosphonate degradation II116
superpathway of chorismate metabolism56186
ubiquinol-6 biosynthesis from 4-hydroxybenzoate (eukaryotic)519
ubiquinol-6 biosynthesis from 4-aminobenzoate (yeast)522
ubiquinol-10 biosynthesis (eukaryotic)821
ubiquinol-10 biosynthesis (prokaryotic)619
superpathway of flavones and derivatives biosynthesis1064
ubiquinol-6 bypass biosynthesis (eukaryotic)526
ubiquinol-7 biosynthesis (eukaryotic)019
ubiquinol-8 biosynthesis (eukaryotic)021
ubiquinol-7 biosynthesis (prokaryotic)019
ubiquinol-8 biosynthesis (prokaryotic)830
ubiquinol-9 biosynthesis (eukaryotic)221
ubiquinol-9 biosynthesis (prokaryotic)320
lipoate biosynthesis and incorporation II211
aspartate superpathway25122
superpathway of phylloquinol biosynthesis1636
superpathway of betalain biosynthesis252
superpathway of S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis961
betaxanthin biosynthesis010
hopanoid biosynthesis (bacteria)830
plant sterol biosynthesis1652
superpathway of ubiquinol-8 biosynthesis (prokaryotic)1141
botryococcenes and methylated squalene biosynthesis715
superpathway of avenacin A biosynthesis522
dimethylsulfoniopropanoate biosynthesis II (Spartina)022
dimethylsulfoniopropanoate biosynthesis I (Wollastonia)113
superpathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis019
superpathway of fumitremorgin biosynthesis925
gibberellin inactivation II (methylation)216
chrysoeriol biosynthesis36
(S)-reticuline biosynthesis I128
(S)-reticuline biosynthesis II117
coniferyl alcohol 9-methyl ester biosynthesis29
6-gingerol biosynthesis05
epoxypseudoisoeugenol-2-methylbutanoate biosynthesis222
sterculate biosynthesis06
cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) biosynthesis111
indole glucosinolate activation (intact plant cell)423
ergothioneine biosynthesis I (bacteria)522
ergothioneine biosynthesis II (fungi)215
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole biosynthesis II (anaerobic)614
superpathway of L-methionine salvage and degradation2869
L-methionine degradation I (to L-homocysteine)818
ethylene biosynthesis I (plants)815
3-hydroxy-4-methyl-anthranilate biosynthesis I617
3-hydroxy-4-methyl-anthranilate biosynthesis II316
colchicine biosynthesis021
S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle I417
kaempferide triglycoside biosynthesis118
eupatolitin 3-O-glucoside biosynthesis031
chanoclavine I aldehyde biosynthesis716
superpathway of polymethylated quercetin/quercetagetin glucoside biosynthesis (Chrysosplenium)246
ajmaline and sarpagine biosynthesis238
quercetin sulfate biosynthesis118
gramine biosynthesis19
polymethylated myricetin biosynthesis (tomato)220
ubiquinol-6 bypass biosynthesis426
methionine degradation I (to homocysteine)317
L-methionine biosynthesis323
superpathway of ergosterol biosynthesis2256
cysteine biosynthesis IV (fungi)628
tRNA methylation113
spermine and methylthioadenosine biosynthesis211
spermidine and methylthioadenosine biosynthesis210
ergosterol biosynthesis514
L-methionine biosynthesis II916
superpathway of polyamine biosynthesis312
superpathway of proto- and siroheme biosynthesis1640
26,27-dehydrozymosterol metabolism28
simple coumarins biosynthesis2823
biotin biosynthesis III015
streptorubin B biosynthesis020
adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis II (aerobic)060
transulfuration021
chlorophyllide a biosynthesis I (aerobic, light-dependent)1124
chlorophyllide a biosynthesis III (aerobic, light independent)1324
adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis II (late cobalt incorporation)2655
heme biosynthesis III (from siroheme)110
aminomethylphosphonate degradation419
diphthamide biosynthesis (archaea)111
Purine metabolism and related disorders2353
Cysteine and methionine catabolism1436
Yang cycle217
SAM cycle111
SMM cycle15
Beta-alanine betaine biosynthesis16
Methionine biosynthesis II017
Spermine biosynthesis06
Spermidine biosynthesis06
Biotin biosynthesis II113
Jasmonate biosynthesis216
Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling1116
Ethene biosynthesis from methionine114
Linear furanocoumarin biosynthesis015
Lignin biosynthesis221
Pinobanksin biosynthesis19
Pterocarpan biosynthesis07
Sterol biosynthesis525
Suberin biosynthesis022
Tricin biosynthesis315
Choline biosynthesis I014
Response to iron deficiency1017
Mugineic acid biosynthesis214
Nicotinate and Nicotinamide metabolism ( Nicotinate and Nicotinamide metabolism )2225
Arginine and Proline metabolism ( Arginine and Proline metabolism )4255
Glycine and Serine metabolism ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )3649
Histidine degradation ( Histidine degradation )2326
Methionine and Cysteine metabolism ( Methionine and Cysteine metabolism )2342
Tryptophan degradation ( Tryptophan degradation )6454
Tyrosine metabolism ( Tyrosine metabolism )2841
Nsp9 interactions (COVID-19 Disease Map)8330
superpathway of sterol biosynthesis050
ubiquinone-9 biosynthesis09
ovothiol A biosynthesis05
methionine biosynthesis020
superpathway of phospholipid biosynthesis027
ester phospholipid biosynthesis021
superpathway of lysine, threonine and methionine biosynthesis II032
methionine and S-adenosylmethionine synthesis010
S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis07
heme biosynthesis from uroporphyrinogen-III II012
methionine biosynthesis II018
Kennedy pathway012
Trans-sulfuration and one-carbon metabolism020
Trans-sulfuration pathway014
Trans-sulfuration, one-carbon metabolism and related pathways053
Kennedy pathway from sphingolipids011
One-carbon metabolism and related pathways038
MTHFR deficiency1515
Disorders of folate metabolism and transport1827
Methionine metabolism leading to sulfur amino acids and related disorders919

Protein Targets (9)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)12.00000.25003.61679.4000AID476872
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Met repressor Escherichia coliEC50 (µMol)0.01730.01730.01730.0173AID642180
Met repressor Escherichia coliKd0.00400.00400.00400.0040AID642179
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.55000.55000.60550.6610AID1825281
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)Kd8.10004.80006.72507.5000AID282842; AID282843; AID282844; AID282845; AID282846; AID282847
Methylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.55000.55000.60550.6610AID1825281
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)Km6.51671.20005.48009.6000AID282842; AID282843; AID282844; AID282845; AID282846; AID282847
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (53)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
peptidyl-arginine N-methylationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
spliceosomal snRNP assemblyProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodelingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription terminationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic nuclear divisionProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-arginine methylationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell activationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island methylationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell differentiationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosomeProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi ribbon formationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
liver regenerationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediatorProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathwayProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
methylationPhenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
epinephrine biosynthetic processPhenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
catecholamine biosynthetic processPhenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein methylationProtein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein repairProtein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein methylationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
RNA splicingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-arginine methylationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
viral protein processingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of BMP signaling pathwayProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection developmentProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of megakaryocyte differentiationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of translationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of JNK cascadeProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic processProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle tissue developmentProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein homooligomerizationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to methionineProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of p38MAPK cascadeProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TORC1 signalingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombinationProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodelingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginineProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein polyubiquitinationMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
spliceosomal snRNP assemblyMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosomeMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus developmentMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland developmentMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland developmentMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
oocyte axis specificationMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (29)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
p53 bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
methyl-CpG bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
protein-arginine N-methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
protein-arginine omega-N symmetric methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
histone methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complex bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
histone H4R3 methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
E-box bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3 methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
histone arginine N-methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activityPhenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPhenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activityProtein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProtein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingProtein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
N-methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
methyl-CpG bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-arginine N-methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-arginine omega-N asymmetric methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
histone methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
histone H4R3 methyltransferase activityProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
GATOR1 complex bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
S-adenosyl-L-methionine bindingProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
methyl-CpG bindingMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor coactivator activityMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activityMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (12)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleusProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
methylosomeProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
histone methyltransferase complexProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolPhenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolPhenylethanolamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolProtein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeProtein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular vesicleProtein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmProtein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membraneProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
methylosomeProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusProtein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
methylosomeMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexMethylosome protein 50Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (63)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1133261Retardation factor, Rf of the compound on silica gel GF containing 5% Na2HPO4 by chromatography1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 21, Issue:12
Potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. 7. Role of the ribosyl moiety in enzymatic binding of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID282847Activity of human PNMT D267N mutant assessed as phenylethanolamine methylation2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23
Structural, mutagenic, and kinetic analysis of the binding of substrates and inhibitors of human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
AID282842Activity of human wild type PNMT assessed as phenylethanolamine methylation2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23
Structural, mutagenic, and kinetic analysis of the binding of substrates and inhibitors of human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
AID613026Binding affinity to 2-amino purine labelled SAM2 riboswitch aptamer assessed as change in fluorescence at 5 mM to 10 mM at pH 8.3 by fluorescence binding assay2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 21, Issue:17
Rational design of SAM analogues targeting SAM-II riboswitch aptamer.
AID199771Time required for the half inactivation of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase was determined with 0.2 mM of compound along with 1 mM NaBH3CN1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 25, Issue:5
Synthesis and biochemical properties of chemically stable product analogues of the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase.
AID199921Tested for kinetic constant (Vmax) of compound for S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase1980Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. 8. Irreversible inhibition of mammalian S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase by substrate analogues.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID498926Activity at Salinispora tropica CNB-440 wild type recombinant SalL expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) after 30 mins by HPLC analysis2008Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 4, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of a marine bacterial SAM-dependent chlorinase.
AID199770Time required for the half inactivation of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase was determined with 0.2 mM of compound1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 25, Issue:5
Synthesis and biochemical properties of chemically stable product analogues of the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID199920Km of compound for S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase1980Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. 8. Irreversible inhibition of mammalian S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase by substrate analogues.
AID27327Apparent kinetic activity measured for protein carboxyl methyltransferase in Leishmania donovani promastigotes1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
Synthesis and biological activity of sinefungin analogues.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID199909Tested for S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity recovered after 40 min of 0.2 nM +1 mM NaBH3CN compound in incubation media1980Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. 8. Irreversible inhibition of mammalian S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase by substrate analogues.
AID282846Activity of human PNMT D267A mutant assessed as phenylethanolamine methylation2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23
Structural, mutagenic, and kinetic analysis of the binding of substrates and inhibitors of human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
AID327641Activity of Thermotoga maritima S-adenosyl-homocysteine deaminase Tm0936 assessed as ammonia production2007Nature, Aug-16, Volume: 448, Issue:7155
Structure-based activity prediction for an enzyme of unknown function.
AID282845Activity of human PNMT E219A mutant assessed as phenylethanolamine methylation2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23
Structural, mutagenic, and kinetic analysis of the binding of substrates and inhibitors of human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
AID199779Time required for the half inactivation of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase was determined with 1 mM of compound1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 25, Issue:5
Synthesis and biochemical properties of chemically stable product analogues of the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase.
AID164154Kinetic constant was measured for PMII of Leishmania donovani promastigotes using supernatant (S12) fraction1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 35, Issue:1
Total synthesis of uracil analogues of sinefungin.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID476872Inhibition of GST-fused human recombinant PRMT1 after 90 mins by SDS-PAGE based scintillation counting2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7
Toward the development of potent and selective bisubstrate inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferases.
AID638162Activity of Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 vSET domain protein Y109G mutant methyltransferase activity expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells assessed as trimethylation at histone H3 lysine 27 residue measured after 30 mins by Michaelis-Men2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 54, Issue:21
Structure-guided design of a methyl donor cofactor that controls a viral histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase activity.
AID642179Binding affinity to Escherichia coli metJ in presence of operator DNA complex by filter binding study2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel bivalent S-adenosylmethionine analogues.
AID638161Activity of wild type Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 vSET domain protein methyltransferase activity expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells assessed as trimethylation at histone H3 lysine 27 residue measured after 30 mins by Michaelis-Menten2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 54, Issue:21
Structure-guided design of a methyl donor cofactor that controls a viral histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase activity.
AID638247Activity of Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 vSET domain protein L116A mutant methyltransferase activity expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells assessed as trimethylation at histone H3 lysine 27 residue measured after 30 mins by Michaelis-Men2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 54, Issue:21
Structure-guided design of a methyl donor cofactor that controls a viral histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase activity.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID164153Kinetic constant was measured for PMII of Leishmania donovani promastigotes using protein extracted from the 12000 g pellet (P12).1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 35, Issue:1
Total synthesis of uracil analogues of sinefungin.
AID50099In vitro inhibitory activity against Catechol-O-methyltransferase from porcine liver1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 40, Issue:13
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of two progressive series of bifunctional polyhydroxybenzamide catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors.
AID642180Binding affinity to Escherichia coli metJ assessed as protein dimer-DNA complex formation using F-metC operator DNA by fluorescence anisotropy2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel bivalent S-adenosylmethionine analogues.
AID1133262Retardation factor, Rf of the compound on silica gel GF containing EtOH-HOAc-H2O (20:2:2)/0.1 M phosphate buffer at 7.4 by chromatography1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 21, Issue:12
Potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. 7. Role of the ribosyl moiety in enzymatic binding of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID327642Ratio of Kcat to Km for Thermotoga maritima S-adenosyl-homocysteine deaminase Tm0936 assessed as ammonia production2007Nature, Aug-16, Volume: 448, Issue:7155
Structure-based activity prediction for an enzyme of unknown function.
AID199908Tested for S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity recovered after 40 min of 0.2 nM compound in incubation media1980Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. 8. Irreversible inhibition of mammalian S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase by substrate analogues.
AID282843Activity of human PNMT V53A mutant assessed as phenylethanolamine methylation2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23
Structural, mutagenic, and kinetic analysis of the binding of substrates and inhibitors of human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
AID498929Ratio of Kcat to Km for Salinispora tropica CNB-440 wild type recombinant SalL expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)2008Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 4, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of a marine bacterial SAM-dependent chlorinase.
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID638248Ratio of Kcat to Km for wild type Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 vSET methyltransferase activity expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells assessed as trimethylation at histone H3 lysine 27 residue measured after 30 mins by Michaelis-Menten eq2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 54, Issue:21
Structure-guided design of a methyl donor cofactor that controls a viral histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase activity.
AID199778In vitro inhibitory activity against S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase using liver from rat in presence of 1 mM putrescine1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 25, Issue:5
Synthesis and biochemical properties of chemically stable product analogues of the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase.
AID282844Activity of human PNMT K57A mutant assessed as phenylethanolamine methylation2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23
Structural, mutagenic, and kinetic analysis of the binding of substrates and inhibitors of human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
AID199775In vitro inhibitory activity against S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase using liver from rat in absence of putrescine1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 25, Issue:5
Synthesis and biochemical properties of chemically stable product analogues of the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase.
AID638250Ratio of Kcat to Km for Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 vSET domain protein L116A mutant methyltransferase activity expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells assessed as trimethylation at histone H3 lysine 27 residue measured after 30 mins by M2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 54, Issue:21
Structure-guided design of a methyl donor cofactor that controls a viral histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase activity.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID199903Time required for the half inactivation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase with 1 mM of compound along with 0.05 mM of [5-(6-Amino-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl]-dimethyl-sulfonium; iodide1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 25, Issue:5
Synthesis and biochemical properties of chemically stable product analogues of the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase.
AID199916Tested for S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity recovered after 80 min of 0.2 nM compound in incubation media1980Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. 8. Irreversible inhibition of mammalian S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase by substrate analogues.
AID638249Ratio of Kcat to Km for Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 vSET domain protein Y109G mutant methyltransferase activity expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells assessed as trimethylation at histone H3 lysine 27 residue measured after 30 mins by M2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 54, Issue:21
Structure-guided design of a methyl donor cofactor that controls a viral histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase activity.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1825281Inhibition of streptavidin sensor chip immobilized biotinylated human PRMT5/MEP50 assessed as dissociation constant by SPR analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
Fragment-Based Discovery of MRTX1719, a Synthetic Lethal Inhibitor of the PRMT5•MTA Complex for the Treatment of
AID1799779Calorimetric (ITC) Assay from Article 10.1074/jbc.M111.290619: \\Thermodynamic evaluation of ligand binding in the plant-like phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.\\2011The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-04, Volume: 286, Issue:44
Thermodynamic evaluation of ligand binding in the plant-like phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (6,970)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901857 (26.64)18.7374
1990's829 (11.89)18.2507
2000's1421 (20.39)29.6817
2010's2094 (30.04)24.3611
2020's769 (11.03)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 61.09

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index61.09 (24.57)
Research Supply Index7.13 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.77 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index165.16 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.20 (0.95)

This Compound (61.09)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials198 (3.31%)5.53%
Trials72 (6.11%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews590 (9.85%)6.00%
Reviews56 (4.75%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies49 (0.82%)4.05%
Case Studies110 (9.33%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational3 (0.05%)0.25%
Observational16 (1.36%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other5,147 (85.97%)84.16%
Other925 (78.46%)84.16%
Other6 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		3.8321O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
monoisopropanolamine
monoisopropanolamine: possible industrial pollutant; structure. 1-aminopropan-2-ol : Any amino alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by an amino group at position 1.		2.0510amino alcohol;
secondary alcohol		Escherichia coli metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		1.9810C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
chloroacetaldehyde
[no description available]		2.0210organochlorine compound
alpha-ketoglutaramate
alpha-ketoglutaramate: deaminated metabolite of glutamine in csf of patients with hepatic coma; intermediate in the detoxification of ammonia in brain; structure		2.11102-oxo monocarboxylic acid
alpha-ketobutyric acid
alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid.		2.38202-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
short-chain fatty acid
2-keto-4-methylvalerate
alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.		1.99102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		3.8140catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
cysteine sulfinic acid
cysteine sulfinic acid: metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids		3.2110
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		5.5290amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		2.0610monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		3.07504-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		5.3370hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid
8-amino-7-oxononanoic acid : The 8-amino-7-oxo derivative of nonanoic acid.		2.02107-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
amino acid		Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.4320monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		4.1850aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		3.0450ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		8.9610206-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.0610guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		3.98140azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
anthranilic acid
anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.		2.0510aminobenzoic acidhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arsenic acid
arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.		2.0110arsenic oxoacidEscherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		3.7730acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzene
[no description available]		1.9510aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.4120benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		1.9710benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		13.99773amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		2.730alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		2.7130fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine
[no description available]		2.4220alkane-alpha,omega-diamineDaphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		1.9410amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		6.35111carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		3.3870monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		3.5830amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		10.7261amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		8.4170catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		4.91110alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		13.29943cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.2510tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		3.5790halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.6530chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coproporphyrinogen iii
[no description available]		2.2110coproporphyrinogenEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		3.1450monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
octane
Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.		2.1710alkanexenobiotic
phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.		2.0210benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		algal metabolite
sym-homospermidine
sym-homospermidine: analog of spermidine isolated from sandal leaves (Santalum album L.); structure. sym-homospermidine : A polyazaalkane comprising undecane with three aza groups placed at the 1-, 6- and 11-positions.		1.9610polyazaalkane;
triamine
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		1.9810trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
beta-lysine
beta-lysine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.		7.73200gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent
trimethylenediamine
trimethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trimethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine comprising a propane skeleton with amino substituents at positions 1 and 3.		1.9610alkane-alpha,omega-diaminehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
reagent
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		2.0810(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
n(1)-methylnicotinamide
N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent.		4.2250pyridinium ionalgal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		1.9610guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase.		4.2630omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid
methylmalonic acid
Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		8.1550C4-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
n(1)-acetylspermidine
N(1)-acetylspermidine : An acetylspermidine having the acetyl group at the N1-position.		1.9710acetylspermidineEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine		4.6680alpha-amino acid
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.		4.7290amino acid zwitterion;
monocarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		ethylene releasers;
plant metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		3.4680catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
3-methylthiopropionate
3-(methylthio)propionic acid : A thia fatty acid acid consisting of propionic acid with a methylthio substituent at the 3-position; an intermediate in mammalian methionine metabolism in vitro. The simplest known phytotoxin, it is a blight-inducing toxin produced by the cassava pathogen Xanthomonas campestris manihotis.		3.0610thia fatty acidphytotoxin
fosmidomycin
fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine
[no description available]		9.88322glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		14.46580aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.91402-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
7,8-diaminopelargonic acid
7,8-diaminopelargonic acid: structure. 7,8-diaminononanoic acid : An amino fatty acid carrying amino substituents at positions 7 and 8. Some of its isomers are naturally occurring intermediates of biotin synthesis, and targets of antimicrobial and herbicide development.		4.0340amino fatty acid;
amino monocarboxylic acid
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.		2.4120glycerone phosphates;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
[no description available]		1.9610dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
naphthalenediols;
naphthohydroquinone;
naphthoic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
dimethylglycine
dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.		4.5450amino acid zwitterion;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.		2.1710dimethylbenzimidazoleEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		6.0791sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		7.940ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		10.71160aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		11.46683alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		3.5180alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
glycolaldehyde
[no description available]		3.110glycolaldehydesfundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
glycocyamine
glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.		6.83132guanidinoacetic acids;
zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		2.3720carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		8.54511aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
toxopyrimidine
4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine : An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 are replaced by methyl, amino, and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively.		2.0410aminopyrimidine;
aromatic primary alcohol		Escherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
homogentisic acid
Homogentisic Acid: Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.. homogentisic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions.		3.0410dihydroxyphenylacetic acid;
hydroquinones		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		6.65280elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroxylamine
amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.		4.0350hydroxylaminesalgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
nitric oxide donor;
nucleophilic reagent
indole
[no description available]		2.3820indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid
indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		2.3520indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		2.3720diatomic iodinenutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		6.2270hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		2.1310aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		6.2130dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
racemethionine
Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.		6.46190alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
sulfur-containing amino acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylmercaptan
methylmercaptan: intermediate in the manufacturing of jet fuels, pesticides, fungicides, plastics, synthesis of methionine; odor may cause nausea; narcotic in high concentrations; depresses urea biosynthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0810alkanethiolhuman metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.		1.95102-oxo aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		10.33180alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid
Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.		2.4120inositol phosphate
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		5.5690cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		11.69240acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
n-acetylserotonin
N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.		3.4780acetamides;
N-acylserotonin;
phenols		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		2.5820metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		8.64341pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.8560pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		2.6730monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.0310monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		6.32300gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.8740pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.		2.0210C4-dicarboxylic acid;
oxo dicarboxylic acid		geroprotector;
metabolite
oxamic acid
Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.		2.3620dicarboxylic acid monoamideEscherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.0710aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2660acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		2.7530long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.0110phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenethylamine
phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.		1.9610alkaloid;
aralkylamine;
phenylethylamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.		210phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.		2.420carboxyalkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		3.2660phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine
phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.		3.2660phosphoethanolamine;
primary amino compound		algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		1.9810pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen
[no description available]		1.9510aralkylamino compound;
dicarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid
diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.		2.3110acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid		Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor
PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.		340orthoquinones;
pyrroloquinoline cofactor;
tricarboxylic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
prephenic acid
prephenic acid: nonaromatic biosynthetic intermediate, probable immediate precursor of aromatic systems such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tannins, flavanoids; isolated from cultures of mutant E coli; structure. (1s,4s)-prephenic acid : A prephenic acid having (1s,4s)-cis-configuration.. prephenic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of 4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a 2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl group at position 1.		2.7430oxo dicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.0610propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		2.110saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pteridines
[no description available]		5.8270azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
pteridines
purine
1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.		7.6830purine
putrescine
[no description available]		8.44860alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyrazole
1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.		3.1350pyrazole
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		1.9610azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal
[no description available]		210hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		9.77431methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		2.4220aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine phosphate
pyridoxamine phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate : A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine.		2.4220aminoalkylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6 phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		8.4780hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.		4.75100benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		plant metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		3.31602-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
thiosulfates
Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.		4.8460divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion		human metabolite
dithionite
Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.		3.3260sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		7.15160N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
selenious acid
Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.		2.7130selenium oxoacid
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		4.6890divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
spermidine
[no description available]		8.891070polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		12.96610polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		4.3741alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
taurine
[no description available]		6.11160amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		4.680primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		9.95120pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		3.3570methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine
trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.		4.7460tertiary amine oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
osmolyte
trimethylamine
[no description available]		4.4840methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
trimethylsulfonium
[no description available]		2.4110sulfonium compoundanimal metabolite
tryptamine
[no description available]		1.9610aminoalkylindole;
aralkylamino compound;
indole alkaloid;
tryptamines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		5.38190pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		4.0731uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.3570isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uroporphyrinogen iii
Uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.		3.2460uroporphyrinogenEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		7.4420benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		2.0110xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isopentenyl pyrophosphate
isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.		2.1710prenol phosphateantigen;
antioxidant;
epitope;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
phosphoantigen
2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine
2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine: inhibitor of phenethanolamine N-methyltransferase; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0210
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.		2.910non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
normetanephrine
Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.		4.3200catecholamine
vanilmandelic acid
Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.		2.86402-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
phenols		human metabolite
1,2-dimethylhydrazine
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.		7.8940hydrazinesalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine
DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.		1.9810oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.3820aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		3.1210methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
9-(2',3'-dihydroxycyclopent-4'-enyl)adenine
9-(2',3'-dihydroxycyclopent-4'-enyl)adenine: structure given in first source; S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase antagonist		3.0750
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		1.9610dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-aminofluorene
[no description available]		1.9610
2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide
2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide: structure. 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide : An inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain at cytochrome bc1 and of photosynthetic electron flow immediately before cytochrome b559.		2.3110monohydroxyquinoline
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		8.66100alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		1.9910benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-methoxytyramine
3-methoxytyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methoxytyramine : A monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine and considered a potential biomarker of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.		2.3620monomethoxybenzene;
phenols;
phenylethylamine;
primary amino compound		biomarker;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
3-methoxytyrosine
[no description available]		2.6830tyrosine derivative
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.0650ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		4.4551guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		1.9710imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		7.1392indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
8-phenyltheophylline
8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist		2.3820
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		1.9710monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		1.9810acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		7.36201acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		1.9710monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		1.9510adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
theophylline
[no description available]		3.3570dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		8.9690carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		1.9510barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.3820aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
acetovanillone
apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.		2.4220acetophenones;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone		antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug;
plant metabolite
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		6.5382benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		1.9510monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		210aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
aztreonam
Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.		2.0210
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		1.9910benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		3.0650carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.0210benzamides
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		1.9610ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		3.1250benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
berberine
[no description available]		2.0510alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
diminazene
Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.		2.420carboxamidine;
triazene derivative		antiparasitic agent;
trypanocidal drug
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		1.9510organic molecular entity
cacodylic acid
dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.		3.6290organoarsenic compoundxenobiotic metabolite
caffeine
[no description available]		3.0650purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		210aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		1.9710dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		1.9810N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		3.411organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		7.4220aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		2.6430organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		1.9510aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		14.55952-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.420monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		1.9410aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid
Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.		3.4311aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		8.7621dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.3720clonidine;
imidazoline
4-cresol
4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.		2.4720cresolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
uremic toxin
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		8.8880carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		10.51220non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		6.9510indolesfluorochrome
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		2.0210acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		5.3741dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		4.5680primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		6.53260alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		2.88401,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
dicamba
Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.2510dichlorobenzene;
methoxybenzoic acid		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
synthetic auxin;
xenobiotic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		3.4920amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		6.9610benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
diethyl pyrocarbonate
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.		1.9910acyclic carboxylic anhydride
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		210pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		3.0510dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		2.8840piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		5.8110branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase		5.36110
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.9240
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		9.2740ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		7.9540nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		1.9810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		1.9910chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		4.0540
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.4120dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.4920monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		2.9740carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		1.9710isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		2.3620aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		1.9710haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline
Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.		1.9810harmala alkaloidoneirogen
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.3520barbiturates
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		1.9710acetamides
homarine
homarine: structure		1.9810non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		2.6430phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.3110azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		2.3820one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		3.1810hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		11.7354monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		2.3920primary amine
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		14.03147dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		10.1662aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		3.0750
iproniazid
[no description available]		2.3620carbohydrazide;
pyridines
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		2.66303-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		1.9710organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		2.8740carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.3520secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		3.5790catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
staurosporine aglycone
staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor		2.0610
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		3.2310cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
kinetin
Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.		1.97106-aminopurines;
furans		cytokinin;
geroprotector
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		3.3611benzodiazepine
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.1310chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.0210organic molecular entity
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.03101,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mescaline
Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.		2.3520methoxybenzenes;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
primary amino compound		hallucinogen
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		1.9410aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		9.3650guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		1.9710benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		6.9710ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.0610benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
methyl methanesulfonate
[no description available]		1.9910methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		2.6430aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
minaprine
minaprine: Agr 1240 refers to di-HCl; short-acting type A MAO inhibitor (MAOI) of mild potency; structure		1.9810morpholines;
pyridazines;
secondary amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
cholinergic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		3.5890maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
deoxyepinephrine
Deoxyepinephrine: Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.		1.9510catecholamine
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		8.4311methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		1.9510organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		2.3820C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		3.4111nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
octopamine
Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.		3.89130phenylethanolamines;
tyramines		neurotransmitter
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		2.3820benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxotremorine
Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.		210N-alkylpyrrolidine
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		2.0810aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		2.3520phenylalanine derivative
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		2.6530benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		4.5580aromatic amine
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		1.9610aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		1.9410barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		4.3330oxopurine
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		8.75110barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		2.3620aromatic amine
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		1.9610indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.3720organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		1.9510N-arylpiperazine
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		3.4780inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		1.9710aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		1.9710pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.6830benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.8840naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		2.0510
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone
4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.		1.9510methoxybenzenes
safrole
Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.		2.2110benzodioxolesflavouring agent;
insecticide;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
sc-10
N-(m-heptyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: protein kinase C activator		1.9310naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.1510ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		1.9710fluoride saltmutagen
fluoroacetic acid
fluoroacetic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd. fluoroacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by fluorine.		2.0110haloacetic acid;
organofluorine compound		EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitor
iodoacetic acid
Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.		2.6830haloacetic acid;
organoiodine compound		alkylating agent
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		1.9610aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
streptonigrin
[no description available]		2.4120pyridines;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0710pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.2110naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		3.1410phthalimides;
piperidones
theobromine
Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.		2.8840dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
bronchodilator agent;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		2.0710monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		1.9510N-acyl-amino acid
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.6930pyridinecarboxamide
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		1.9910benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
trigonelline
trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.3820alkaloid;
iminium betaine		food component;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		6.9510aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		1.9510aromatic amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		2.0110chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tyramine
[no description available]		4.75100monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
u 101958
U 101958: structure in first source		210
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		3.3611aromatic ether
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		1.9710
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		210aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		2.0410inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		10.887111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.352016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		1.9510ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		3.3470alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		2.3620imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
6-methylthiopurine
6-methylthiopurine : A thiopurine that is 9H-purine substituted by a methylsulfanyl group at position 6.		2.4620thiopurine
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		7.0410glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		6.9610pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
thymidine
[no description available]		10.18190pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.3720nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		1.9410benzodioxolespesticide synergist
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		2.1310benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		4.55404-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		4.31602-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		2.36201-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		2.3620ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		1.97103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
aldosterone
[no description available]		4.165011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		9.2630non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		2.643017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		5.145017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610ortho-fused polycyclic arenemutagen
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole
Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.		1.9610
hydroxyacetylaminofluorene
Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene: A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.		1.95102-acetamidofluorenes
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		8.48802-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
adrenochrome
Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.		1.9510indoles
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		1.9410phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		2.1310organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		1.95102-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		8.84120nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
dipropylenetriame
N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine: structure in first source		2.1510polyazaalkanealgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		3.86120chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
cantharidin
Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.		2.2110cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
monoterpenoid		EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
herbicide
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		4.39210alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		7.24540L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		9.5680C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		11.37310aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.5580amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		8.59830aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		3.92130pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		1.9810carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		3.3670glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		4.959117-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		4.4470aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		3.76110adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		2.4420tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		10.67260uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		3.2110pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		1.9410pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		7.940D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.2110monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		7.91420amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		4.45230ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.420benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		11.64410amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		1.9410amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
monomethylhydrazine
Monomethylhydrazine: Hydrazine substituted by one methyl group.		1.9610
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		3.91130adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
n,n-dimethyltryptamine
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.		4.92120tryptamine alkaloid;
tryptamines
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		1.9410benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		9.21180amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-aminoisobutyric acid
2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.		1.96102,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion;
2,2-dialkylglycine
cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.2850cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.940pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		19.5787111aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		10.58240amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		5.0350alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		1.9610
cytidine
[no description available]		3.69100cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.1150cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		4.73310antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		3.67100diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.6730chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
dimethyl sulfone
[no description available]		3.1410sulfone
gliotoxin
Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.		2.1510dipeptide;
organic disulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
pyrazinoindole		antifungal agent;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
proteasome inhibitor
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		2.5120organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.3520formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		2.08104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
chlorisondamine
Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.		1.9510isoindoles
tubercidin
Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.		5.87320antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
mannitol
[no description available]		2.3720mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		5.3741beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid
Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.		210nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide		indicator
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		7.66540non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		8.6190amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		11.83500amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol
n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.		1.9510pentanol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		4.93120L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		4.06150amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		1.951017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.75303'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		9390erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		3.150aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n,n'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine
N,N'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine: in veterinary medicine, has been used to prevent vitamin E deficiency in lambs; structure. N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which one hydrogen from each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group.		1.9910N-substituted diamine;
secondary amino compound		antioxidant
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		10.57701arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
ethane
Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.		2.2110alkane;
gas molecular entity		plant metabolite;
refrigerant
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		6.59200alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
methyl chloride
Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.		1.9810chloromethanes;
methyl halides		marine metabolite;
mutagen;
refrigerant
methyl iodide
methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.		210iodomethanes;
methyl halides		fumigant insecticide
ethylamine
ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.2510primary aliphatic aminehuman metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		210aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
cyclopropane
cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.		3.8830cycloalkane;
cyclopropanes		inhalation anaesthetic
tert-butylhydroperoxide
tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.		7.6930alkyl hydroperoxideantibacterial agent;
oxidising agent
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		4.7371monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gibberellic acid
gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.		1.9710C19-gibberellin;
gibberellin monocarboxylic acid;
lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
dimethyl sulfate
dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.		1.9810alkyl sulfatealkylating agent;
immunosuppressive agent
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		2.6630primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.0610chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
acrylamide
[no description available]		1.9810acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
cumene hydroperoxide
cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.		2.0210peroxolenvironmental contaminant;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
oxidising agent
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		2.3620amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid;
naphthols		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
fungal xenobiotic metabolite
2,4,6-trichloroanisole
2,4,6-trichloroanisole: Cork taint compound. 2,4,6-trichloroanisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.0110monomethoxybenzene;
trichlorobenzene
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		2.1310
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
[no description available]		2.0110trichlorophenolcarcinogenic agent
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		1.9610xanthene
methyl benzoate
methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol.		2.0110benzoate ester;
methyl ester		insect attractant;
metabolite
synephrine
[no description available]		2.3620ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.6730benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
thioglycerol
thioglycerol: potentiates action of bradykinin in guinea-pig ileum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. monothioglycerol : A thiol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups is replaced by a thiol group.		1.9610propane-1,2-diols;
thiol		reducing agent;
vulnerary
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		5.47120butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.		2.9540trehaloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sym-trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.		2.0110trinitrobenzeneexplosive
benzylamine
aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.		210aralkylamine;
primary amine		allergen;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
anisole
anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.		2.1710monomethoxybenzeneplant metabolite
butane
butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.		210alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant;
refrigerant
glyoxal
[no description available]		3.74110dialdehydeagrochemical;
allergen;
pesticide;
plant growth regulator
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		1.9610alkane
3-hydroxybutanal
[no description available]		2.1710
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		1.9610ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
bromobenzene
[no description available]		1.9910bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		3.411cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		2.0310alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
n-methylaminoethanol
N-methylaminoethanol: structure. N-methylethanolamine : An ethanolamine compound having an N-methyl substituent.		1.9610ethanolamines
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		3.4980pyrrole;
secondary amine
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		2.9140mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
diethanolamine
diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.		2.4120ethanolamineshuman xenobiotic metabolite
bromcresol purple
Bromcresol Purple: An indicator and reagent. It has been used for several purposes including the determination of serum albumin concentrations. bromocresol purple : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl groups. A hydrophilic dye that is used as a pH indicator and to measure serum albumin concentrations.		2.02102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
organobromine compound;
polyphenol;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
2-methylbutanoic acid
2-methylbutanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylbutyric acid : A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria.		1.9710methylbutyric acidbacterial metabolite;
human metabolite
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.3820aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.4120aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
isoquinoline
[no description available]		2.0510azaarene;
isoquinolines;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene
anthracene
acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.		1.9710acene;
anthracenes;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
dimethoxyphenylethylamine
Dimethoxyphenylethylamine: A derivative of phenethylamine containing two substituent methoxy groups in the phenyl ring.. 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine : An aromatic ether that is the derivative of 2-phenylethylamine with methoxy substituents at the 3- and 4-positions. It is an alkaloid isolated from the Cactaceae family.		3.0510alkaloid;
aromatic ether;
phenylethylamine		allergen;
plant metabolite
sulfoxide
sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).		2.2110benzodioxoles
2,4-dichlorophenol
2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.		7.110dichlorophenol
vanillic acid
Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.		2.4220methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		plant metabolite
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.4720anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		5.5382hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.		3.0850UDP-D-glucosefundamental metabolite
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		2.3920naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
protocatechualdehyde
protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure		210dihydroxybenzaldehyde
2-hydroxypyridine
hydroxypyridine : Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent.. pyridin-2-ol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		3.2710monohydroxypyridineplant metabolite
n-heptane
Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).		1.9610alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		1.9610cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
monomethylarsonic acid
monomethylarsonic acid: structure given in first source		3.470arsonic acids;
one-carbon compound;
organoarsonic acid
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		1.9610methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose
3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.		1.9910D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		1.9610purine nucleoside
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		1.9810dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		1.9710cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
aziridine
[no description available]		3.5620azacycloalkane;
aziridines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		alkylating agent
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		5.5990catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.		5.6270organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.3110azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		2.6430acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.1110indazole
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		3.0450cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		2.6730isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.31101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		5.692401,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		2.5520diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		210diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
indopan
indopan: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.		1.9610tryptamines
calcium gluconate
[no description available]		2.0810calcium saltnutraceutical
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		9.77100azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		2.110pyrrolizidine alkaloid
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		5.24160N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
triflusal
triflusal: inhibits platelet aggregation similarly to aspirin; structure		7.0610benzoic acids;
carboxylic ester;
salicylates
aminoimidazole carboxamide
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.		3.4170aminoimidazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide		mouse metabolite
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		4.0350thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		3.1650amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		3.051011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.0510bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-aminopurine
2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.		3.25602-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
coniine
coniine: alkaloid isolated from Conium maculatum L.; properties as an analgesics, antineuralgic, & teratogen; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4110
homocystine
[no description available]		5.66150amino acid zwitterion;
homocystines		human metabolite
methylguanidine
Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.		1.9510guanidinesEC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
uremic toxin
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		4.3911calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.3920bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		3.3870
funiculosin (anthraquinone)
funiculosin (anthraquinone): see also a pyridone cpd called funiculosin; structure		2.0210trihydroxyanthraquinone
bufotenin
Bufotenin: A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.. bufotenin : A tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5.		3.7430tertiary amine;
tryptamine alkaloid		coral metabolite;
hallucinogen
dithiol
dithiol: structure		2.1510
phloroglucinol dimethyl ether
phloroglucinol dimethyl ether: structure		2.0210methoxybenzenes;
phenols
4-hydroxyphenylethanol
4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.1310phenolsanti-arrhythmia drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
protective agent
phytomonic acid
phytomonic acid: produced in Lactobacillus plantarum; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11,12-methyleneoctadecanoic acid : A C18, saturated fatty acid composed of octadecanoic acid having an 11,12-methylene substituent forming a cyclopropane.		1.9510carbocyclic fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid
oxetane
oxetane: structure. oxetane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a four-membered ring comprising of three carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.		2.4110oxetanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
phorone
phorone: an industrial solvent; structure		2.0410dialkenyl ketone
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		2.3920
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		2.1310thiazolidine
cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.		2.6530
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.2510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
tetranitromethane
[no description available]		1.9910organonitrogen compound
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		2.0110furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
psilocybin
Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").		2.8930organic phosphate;
tertiary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid		fungal metabolite;
hallucinogen;
prodrug;
serotonergic agonist
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		1.971017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		1.951017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cellobiose
beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.		1.9910cellobioseepitope
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.0310thiazoles
tropolone
Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.		3.0550alpha-hydroxy ketone;
cyclic ketone;
enol		bacterial metabolite;
fungicide;
toxin
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		7.31112methoxybenzenes;
phenols
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		6.9910amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		4.23170dialdehydebiomarker
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		4.1650isothiocyanateinsecticide
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		4.0220carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.		3.0610arenesulfonic acid;
arylmercury compound
brocresine
Brocresine: A histidine decarboxylase inhibitor.		1.9510
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		2.830glycerophosphocholine
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		2.730flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid
alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310thia fatty acid
succinimide
succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5.		2.4110dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone
diphenylamine
Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.		1.9610aromatic amine;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
antioxidant;
carotogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
allyl sulfide
allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1		210organic sulfide
dimethylselenide
dimethylselenide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. dimethylselenide : An organoselenium compound of two methyl groups covalently bound to a selenium.		1.9710organoselenium compoundbacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
1-methylcyclopropane
1-methylcyclopropane: do not confuse with MCP cpd (1-methylcyclopropene)		2.0810
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		1.9610antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		14.08362acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
chorismic acid
Chorismic Acid: A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS.. chorismic acid : The (3R,4R)-stereoisomer of 5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid.		2.25105-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine
Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine: 1,4-Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine : A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.7530dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester		hepatic steatosis inducing agent
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		3.3870cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
isovanillic acid
3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid that is 4-methoxybenzoic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 3.		1.9910methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
homoserine
homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.		5.78290amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines
Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.		2.6430
methyl diethyldithiocarbamate
[no description available]		1.9810
methoxytryptophol
[no description available]		1.9410indoles
dimethyl methylphosphonate
[no description available]		1.9810
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		3.36111,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
1-methylpyridinium
1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610methylpyridines
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.77110pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.8940pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyadenosine
2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source		3.0840purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine diphosphate choline
Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.		5.52130nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylglyoxal
[no description available]		2.3920phenylacetaldehydes
citiolone
citiolone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		6.9510N-acyl-amino acid
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		1.9610
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		2.4120
nsc 65346
sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.		1.9510nucleoside analogueprotein kinase inhibitor
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		5.7931enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		7.47161alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		1.9910aliphatic nitrile
pseudouridine
[no description available]		2.730pseudouridinesfundamental metabolite
selenomethionine
[no description available]		4.24180selenoamino acid;
selenomethionines		plant metabolite
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		2.4110cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: 0		2.0810cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.3110organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.25102'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-hydroxyindole
[no description available]		1.9410hydroxyindoleshuman metabolite
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .		4.77100methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		3.7630aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.		3.8430azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		2.4420fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
acadesine
[no description available]		2.43201-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
methyl methanethiosulfonate
S-methyl methanethiosulfonate : A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol.		1.9910sulfonic acid derivative;
thiosulfonate ester		metabolite
tetrahydropapaveroline
Tetrahydropapaveroline: A leukomaine (animal alkaloid) formed in brain and liver from dopamine and L-dopa; it may be implicated in psychiatric problems.		1.9510benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline;
isoquinolinol		human metabolite
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		1.9910D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
5-methoxyindoleacetic acid
5-methoxyindoleacetic acid: serotonin metabolite. 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids in which the hydrogen at position 5 of indole-3-acetic acid has been replaced by a methoxy group.		1.9410aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids		antibacterial agent;
Brassica napus metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
human urinary metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
rat metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		4.281901,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.35202-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin
[no description available]		3.4880antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
1-methylquinolinium
1-methylquinolinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510
5-azacytosine
5-azacytosine: structure given in first source. 5-azacytosine : A monoamino-1,3,5-triazine that is cytosine in which the aromatic CH at position 5 is replaced by a nitrogen.		2.6830monoamino-1,3,5-triazine
cladribine
[no description available]		7.9740organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
metanephrine
Metanephrine: Product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine.		3.0650catecholamine
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		8.3870diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
norleucine
Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.		1.95102-aminohexanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		3.2360beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate
P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		210diadenosyl tetraphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iprindole
Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)		3.0510indoles
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.4120amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		5.55230
dimethylpropiothetin
dimethylpropiothetin: has antineoplastic activity; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt. S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin : A sulfonium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionic acid.		2.4420sulfonium betainemarine metabolite;
osmolyte
lanthanum
[no description available]		1.9510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		5.42200elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		4.0531elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		4.9340chromium group element atommicronutrient
neodymium
Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.		1.9510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
arsine
arsine: structure. arsine : Arsane (AsH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RAsH2, R2AsH, R3As (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary arsines, respectively. A specific arsine is preferably named as a substituted arsane.		2.1510arsanes;
arsine;
mononuclear parent hydride
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		3.0140cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
europium
Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.		1.9510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		2.5220copper group element atom;
elemental gold
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.		2.0410monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom		food packaging gas
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		3.520elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.0410pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		1.9410magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		1.9910mercury coordination entitysensitiser
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		4.3430N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		3.2460D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		1.9910sodium phosphate
nickel chloride
nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.		2.1510nickel coordination entitycalcium channel blocker;
hapten
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		1.9610iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
isopentenyladenosine
Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.		2.4120N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
plant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
s-methylcysteine
S-methylcysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. S-methylcysteine : A cysteine derivative that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a methyl group.		2.4220S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion;
S-alkyl-L-cysteine		human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		2.6430calcium phosphate
chromates
Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.		1.9510chromium oxoanion;
divalent inorganic anion		oxidising agent
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		1.9810metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		5.4190dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		2.9240diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
nitrous acid
Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9510nitrogen oxoacid
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.		2.4620deuterated compound;
water		NMR solvent
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		2.3920
vasotocin
Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.		3.0610
sodium selenite
disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.6930inorganic sodium salt;
selenite salt		nutraceutical
tellurous acid
tellurous acid: tellurite anion inhibits oxidation of NAD-linked substrates in kidney & liver mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4120tellurium oxoacid
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		5.7261
rhamnose
[no description available]		210L-rhamnose
coformycin
[no description available]		2.8840coformycinsEC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		2.3520ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		7.58780S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
mopidamol
Mopidamol: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor which inhibits platelet aggregation. Formerly used as an antineoplastic.		1.9610dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		3.1310anthraquinone
methyl acetimidate
methyl acetimidate: affords intermediate protection for amino group; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.6630
1-methyladenosine
[no description available]		2.2510methyladenosinehuman metabolite
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		1.9610organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		3.0850acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
sodium bisulfide
sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)		1.9910
2,3-dihydroxypyridine
2,3-dihydroxypyridine: affects thyroid function. pyridine-2,3-diol : A dihydroxypyridine in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 2 and 3.		1.9610dihydroxypyridine
fluorides
[no description available]		3.1150halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		6.981017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
iodine
[no description available]		2.8840halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
melarsen oxide
melarsen oxide: inhibits glutathione reductase		1.9910
2,6-diaminopurine
9H-purine-2,6-diamine : A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9H-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups.		6.93102,6-diaminopurines;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		1.9510indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		6.01220benzenes;
phenyl acetates
n-phenylethanolamine
[no description available]		1.9610aralkylamine
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		3.4411chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		14.09449bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-methoxyamphetamine
4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation		1.9810
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		3.5120
3-butenoic acid
but-3-enoic acid : That isomer of butenoic acid having the double bond at position C-3.		2.1310butenoic acid
alkenes
[no description available]		4.350
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		3.72100glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
adenylyl imidodiphosphate
Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.		2.9140adenosine 5'-phosphate
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		2.9640
torpedo
Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.		2.3720
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		2.3920inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		4.07150pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.		2.3820ADP-sugarEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vanadyl sulfate
[no description available]		1.9610metal sulfate;
vanadium coordination entity
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.5220azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
etoposide
[no description available]		2.610beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.0110catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		12.42421-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
fluorescamine
Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.		3.0910
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		7.8640L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
bezafibrate
[no description available]		3.5420aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.7230pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.7130alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dihydroalprenolol
Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.		2.3620
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		210aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
arsenobetaine
[no description available]		2.0210organic salt
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		1.9710acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		2.420delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
vinthionine
[no description available]		2.1310
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		2.2510aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		2.0710methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		7.2110organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		7.610carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		2.0710carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		11.663420adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		1.9610trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
dimethylhydrazines
Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.		3.0850
benzylaminopurine
benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.		1.97106-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite
colestipol
Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.		3.0810
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		3.411hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		5.24200hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
methionine methyl ester
[no description available]		3.83120
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.7730D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		1.9610pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
norharman
norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.		1.9910beta-carbolines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		fungal metabolite;
marine metabolite
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		1.9910pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-methylhistidine
3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.		2.6530L-histidine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-aminooxy-3-aminopropane
1-aminooxy-3-aminopropane: polyamine biosyn inhibitor; structure given in first source		1.9710
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		2.2510acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
allicin
[no description available]		210botanical anti-fungal agent;
sulfoxide		antibacterial agent
tuberculostearic acid
tuberculostearic acid: characteristic constituent of microorganisms of Actinomycetales. tuberculostearic acid : A methyl-branched fatty acid, the structure of which is that of stearic acid carrying a methyl group at C-10.		2.0810long-chain fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid
5-methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.		7.79220methylcytosine;
pyrimidines		human metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.7130flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid
N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.0410N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-aspartic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
deoxyuridine triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9910deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gallocatechol
gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.		210gallocatechinantioxidant;
metabolite;
radical scavenger
aica ribonucleotide
AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.		2.03101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole		cardiovascular drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol
distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol: a surface-active agent. distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both stearoyl.		2.4620phosphatidylglycerol
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		3.0650iodine oxoacid
aristeromycin
aristeromycin: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha,3beta,5alpha)-isomer		2.7130
o-(6)-methylguanine
O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.		2.6830methylguaninemutagen
peroxynitric acid
[no description available]		1.9910nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		5.27121glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sinefungin
[no description available]		5.28520adenosines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
n-(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine
aminopropylcadaverine : A polyazaalkane that is the 1,4,11-triaza derivative of undecane.		2.1510polyazaalkane;
triamine		Escherichia coli metabolite
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		2.9140cephalosporinfungal metabolite
oxaceprol
oxaceprol: RN given refers to (trans)-isomer		4.0320
bicozamycin
bicozamycin : A commercially important azabicyclic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces sapporonensis. It inhibits the Rho protein of E. coli.		1.9610azabicycloalkane;
bridged compound		antibacterial agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
antiinfective agent
toxoflavin
toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure. toxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.		2.1510carbonyl compound;
pyrimidotriazine		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
toxin;
virulence factor;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
salicylhydroxamic acid
[no description available]		210hydroxamic acid;
phenols		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug
thiochrome
thiochrome: structure		2.0210
benzeneboronic acid
[no description available]		2.1310boronic acids
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		1.9410phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		3.49701,2,3-triazole
6-methyladenine
6-methyladenine: structure. 6-methyladenine : A methyladenine that is 9H-purin-6-amine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen.		4.85606-alkylaminopurine;
methyladenine		human metabolite
orsellinic acid
orsellinic acid: from the Sonoran desert endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum; structure in first source. o-orsellinic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group.		2.110dihydroxybenzoic acid;
resorcinols		fungal metabolite;
marine metabolite;
metabolite
1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene
1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene: isolated from mutant of Wangiella dermatitidis; structure given in first source. naphthalene-1,8-diol : A member of the class of naphthalenediols that is naphthalene in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups.		3.1410naphthalenediolfungal metabolite
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		2.0810dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
delta sleep-inducing peptide
Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide: A nonapeptide that is found in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma. This neuropeptide induces mainly delta sleep in mammals. In addition to sleep, the peptide has been observed to affect electrophysiological activity, neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs including their withdrawal.		2.420
trimethylarsine
trimethylarsine : An arsine that is arsane in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		7.0310arsine
5-iodouracil
5-iodouracil: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-iodouracil : An organoiodine compound consisting of uracil having an iodo substituent at the 5-position.		210organoiodine compoundantimetabolite
5-hydroxymethylcytosine
5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.4920aminopyrimidine;
aromatic primary alcohol;
nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-methylthioguanine
[no description available]		1.99102-aminopurines;
thiopurine		human xenobiotic metabolite
avilamycin
avilamycin: similar to Hygromycin B but lacking amino groups		2.0110
oxetanocin a
oxetanocin: from Bacillus megaterium NK84-0218; structure given in first source. oxetanocin A : A nucleoside analogue found in Bacillus megaterium in which an adenine moiety is attached to position 2 of a of an oxetane ring which is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxymethyl groups.		4.4730diol;
nucleoside analogue;
oxetanes;
primary alcohol		anti-HIV agent;
antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite
illimaquinone
illimaquinone: structure given in first source; isolated from the Red Sea sponge Smenospongia; inhibits the RNase H. activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		210monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones;
prenylquinone		metabolite
leupeptin
[no description available]		2.0810aldehyde;
tripeptide		bacterial metabolite;
calpain inhibitor;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
3-deazaaristeromycin
3-deazaaristeromycin: antagonist of S-adenosylhomocysteinase		4.3260
2-acetylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone
2-acetylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone: structure in first source		2.0610
neplanocin a
neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase		8.4780
3-deazaneplanocin
3-deazaneplanocin: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase antagonist		2.9440
rebeccamycin
rebeccamycin: from actinomycete strain C-38,383; structure given in first source. rebeccamycin : An N-glycosyl compound consisting of a heteropolycyclic ring system with a glucosyl group attached to one of the indolic nitrogens.		2.0310indolocarbazole;
N-glycosyl compound;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
organochlorine compound
nicosulfuron
nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.		2.0710N-sulfonylurea;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
o(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine
O(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. O(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having O(6)-methylguanine as the nucleobase.		2.4110purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
9-(2',3'-dihydroxycyclopentan-1'-yl)adenine
9-(2',3'-dihydroxycyclopentan-1'-yl)adenine: inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase; structure given in first source		1.9810
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.		2.2110perfluoroalkanesulfonic acidantilipemic drug;
persistent organic pollutant
3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxybenzoic acid
3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxybenzoic acid: thiopurine methyltransferase inhibitor		1.9810trihydroxybenzoic acid
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure		1.9610catechols;
primary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
d-aspartic acid
[no description available]		2.0610aspartic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid		mouse metabolite
acetaminophen glucuronide
acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).		2.0510beta-D-glucosiduronic aciddrug metabolite
3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid
3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid: metabolite of L-dopa; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid : A catechol that is the 3,4-dihydroxy derivative of mandelic acid; a metabolite of L-dopa.		1.96102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
catechols		antioxidant;
drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
coenzyme a
[no description available]		5.19160adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		4.33603-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
loganic acid
loganic acid: structure. loganic acid : A cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively		1.9510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
cyclopentapyran;
glucoside		plant metabolite
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		7.8840iditolfungal metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.		2.6530catechols;
tetrol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		18.9946023amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trimethylselenonium
trimethylselenonium: product of selenite metabolism in rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethylselenonium : An organic cation consisting of three methyl groups covalently bound to a central selenium atom.		7.4120organic cationhuman xenobiotic metabolite
2-methylhistamine
2-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 2 position on the ring.		1.9610aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		histamine agonist;
metabolite
3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine
3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9710catechols
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt		2.0310
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.		1.99103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		protein kinase agonist
cycloartenol
[no description available]		4403beta-sterol;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
phytosterols		plant metabolite
diploptene
diploptene: biosynthesized in a cell-free system from Acetobacter pasteurianum in the presence of squalene. hop-22(29)-ene : A triterpene consisting of hopane having a C=C double bond at the 22(29)-position.		2.6920triterpene
n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine
N(6)-dimethylallyladenine : A 6-isopentenylaminopurine in which has the isopentenyl double bond is located between the 2 and 3 positions of the isopentenyl group.		1.95106-isopentenylaminopurinecytokinin
gamma-tocopherol
gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.		1.9610tocopherol;
vitamin E		algal metabolite;
food antioxidant;
plant metabolite
zymosterol
[no description available]		2.01103beta-sterol;
cholestanoid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-methylcytidine
[no description available]		1.9610methylcytidine
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		2.2510
6-deoxyglucose
6-deoxyglucose: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; Main Heading DEOXYGLUCOSE refers to 2-deoxyglucose		2.0610quinovose
5-hydroxyuridine
5-hydroxyuridine : A member of the class of uridines that is uridine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the uracil ring is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.5220organic hydroxy compound;
uridines
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		2.4220D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
4-methylnicotinamide
4-methylnicotinamide: structure given in first source		1.9810
1-methylguanosine
1-methylguanosine : Guanosine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1.		2.1110methylguanosinemetabolite
2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde
2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde: used in colorimetric determination of cholesterol; RN from CA Form Index Vol 90; N1 same as NM		1.9910
poly-o-acetylserine
O-acetylserine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. O-acetyl-L-serine : An acetyl-L-serine where the acetyl group is attached to the side-chain oxygen. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the amino acid cysteine in bacteria.		2.0510acetate ester;
acetyl-L-serine;
amino acid zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
s-2-aminoethyl cysteine
S-2-aminoethyl cysteine: inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. L-thialysine : A cysteine derivative that is the S-(2-aminoethyl) analogue of L-cysteine; reported to have cytotoxic effects.		1.9810L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 5.4.3.2 (lysine 2,3-aminomutase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs		1.9810
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure		2.0810pyrimidine ribonucleosides
2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.9940
aminomalonic acid
aminomalonic acid: aspartase-ammonia ligase inhibitor. aminomalonic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by an amino group.		2.3110amino dicarboxylic acidDaphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
s-adenosyl-3-thio-1,8-diaminooctane
S-adenosyl-3-thio-1,8-diaminooctane: structure given in first source		1.9610
berbine
berbine: structure		2.2110berberine alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		4.8690methyladenosine
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		3.690cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.3620aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite
hydrogen sulfite
[no description available]		2.4920sulfur oxoanionhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbidopa, levodopa drug combination
[no description available]		2.0110
t-2 tetraol
T-2 tetraol: RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta,8alpha)-isomer		1.9710
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		8.55173
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		210glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
trimethylarsine oxide
trimethylarsine oxide: sodium arsenate metabolite in fish		2.1110arsine oxides
o-methylsterigmatocystin
[no description available]		1.9610sterigmatocystins
hypotaurine
[no description available]		2.9940aminosulfinic acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
procyanidin
Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.		2.0710proanthocyanidin
pisatin
pisatin: phytoalexin produced in plants after injection with fungi; RN given refers to (6aS-cis)-isomer; structure		2.0310
epicatechin gallate
epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.		210catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
selenodiglutathione
selenodiglutathione : A thioselenide in which a selenium atom is attached to the sulfur atoms of two molecules of glutathione. It is an initial metabolite of selenite, SeO3(2-).		2.0710glutathione derivative;
thioselenide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		2.4120
9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine
[no description available]		2.6730
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		2.6430short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
selenomethylselenocysteine
selenomethylselenocysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.7930non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
selenocysteines		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite
brassinolide
brassinolide: plant growth promoting steroidal lactone from rape pollen; RN given refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,22R,23R,24S)-isomer; structure in first source		2.111022-hydroxy steroid;
23-hydroxy steroid;
2alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
brassinosteroid		plant growth stimulator;
plant hormone
4'-phosphopantetheine
D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate : Pantetheine 4'-phosphate with D (R) configuration at the 2' position.		2.3720pantetheine 4'-phosphateprosthetic group
s-methyl glutathione
[no description available]		1.9610methyl sulfide;
S-substituted glutathione;
zwitterion
n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-3-aminodihydro-2(3h)-furanone
N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-3-aminodihydro-2(3H)-furanone: cpd synthesized by luminous bacteria excreted into medium that induces luciferase synthesis at threshold concentration; structure in first source. N-(3-oxohexanoyl)homoserine lactone : A N-acyl homoserine lactone that is the monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-oxohexanoic acid with the amino group of homoserine lactone.		3.830N-acyl homoserine lactone;
secondary carboxamide
imidazenil
imidazenil: partial positive allosteric modulator of gamma-aminobutyric acid action at GABA(A) receptors; structure given in first source		2.0210
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.		2.0710phosphine derivative;
tricarboxylic acid		reducing agent
angustmycin a
angustmycin A: structure; from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; inhibits GMP synthesis		1.96106-aminopurines
wr 99210
BRL 6231: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM & N1 refer to HCl; synonym BRL 51084 refers to (mono-HBr); structure		2.110
protoporphyrinogen
[no description available]		2.2110porphyrinogensEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-deoxyerythronolide b
6-deoxyerythronolide B: Streptomyces erythreus metabolite; presumed intermediate in biosynthesis of erythromycins; structure given in first source		2.0310erythronolide
beta-casomorphin 7
beta-casomorphin 7: opioid peptide isolated from casein peptone; corresponds to sequence 60-66 of beta-casein; from a variety of organisms; see also record for general term beta-casomorphin		2.1310
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridinium
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210
6-heptyne-2,5-diamine
6-heptyne-2,5-diamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.0650
emoxypine succinate
emoxypine succinate: has antihypoxic effects		2.0210
imidodiphosphonic acid
imidodiphosphonic acid: in combination with technetrium, a superior radiopharmaceutical for myocardial infarct imaging; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210
carbene
carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).		2.4720carbene;
methanediyl
5'-deoxy-5'-s-isobutylthioadenosine
5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutylthioadenosine: considered an analog of S-adenosylhomocysteine; structure		2.6530
cephamycin c
cephamycin C: produced from O-carbamoyldeacetylcephalosporin in C by cell-free extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. cephamycin C : One of three naturally occurring cephamycin antibiotics, differing from the A and B forms in its carbamoyloxymethyl substituent at C-3.		2.0310
ro 8-0576
benserazide, levodopa drug combination: combination of L-Dopa and seryltrihydroxybenzylhydrazine; used in treatment of parkinsonism		1.9810
5-iodoacetamidofluorescein
[no description available]		1.9810
n,n-dimethylarginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.		4.6680dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate: structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine, also of carnitine; antianginal compound; MET-88 is dihydrate; structure given in first source. meldonium : An ammonium betaine that is beta-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a trimethylamino group. A clinically used cardioprotective drug that is used for treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis and diabetes.		2.1510ammonium betainecardioprotective agent;
EC 1.14.11.1 (gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.		3.3470dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule
7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: potent reversible inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; structure. 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hacing chloro substituents at the 7- and 8-positions.		2.0210isoquinolines;
organochlorine compound
gamma-glutamylcysteine
L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine : A molecular entity formed when L-cysteine amino group binds to the gamma-carbonyl of L-glutamic acid.		2.7830gamma-glutamylcysteineEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
27-hydroxycholesterol
(25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol : A 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration.		2.411026-hydroxycholesterolapoptosis inducer;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		1.9710dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
dehydroalanine
2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3.		2102,3-dehydroamino acid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
enamine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		alkylating agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
coenzyme f420
coenzyme gamma-F420-2 : The amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.		3.8930
s-(3-deazaadenosyl)homocysteine
S-(3-deazaadenosyl)homocysteine: structure in first source		1.9610
3-deazaguanosine
3-deazaguanosine: structure		1.9510
5'-deoxy-5'-(isobutylthio)-3-deazaadenosine
5'-deoxy-5'-(isobutylthio)-3-deazaadenosine: analog of S-adenosylhomocysteine; structure		1.9610
methotrexate
[no description available]		8.42242dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
n-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone
N-(beta-oxooctan-1-oyl)homoserine lactone: involved in conjugation and tra gene regulation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens; structure in first source		1.9910
rhizopine
rhizopine: a rhizopine from the nodule of Rhizobium meliloti; structure given in first source		2.0410
4-fluorothreonine
4-fluorothreonine: from Streptomyces cattleya		2.0110amino acid zwitterion;
fluoroamino acid;
L-threonine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ribofuranosyl triphosphate
[no description available]		2.1510
1,1'-((1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbis(2-hydroxy-2,1-ethanediyl))bis(1,4-dimethylpiperidinium)
1,1'-((1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbis(2-hydroxy-2,1-ethanediyl))bis(1,4-dimethylpiperidinium): RN refers to diiodide; structure given in first source		1.9710
5'-thioadenosine
5'-thioadenosine: structure given in first source		1.9710
n(1),n(8)-diethylspermidine
N(1),N(8)-diethylspermidine: regulator of ornithine decarboxylase		1.9710
n',n''-diacetylspermine
N',N''-diacetylspermine: intermediate in polyamine catabolism		2.110acetamides
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		2.7230amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: affinity label of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver dehydrogenase; adenosylhomocysteinase antagonist; structure		1.9610
1-(4-bromoacetamidobenzyl)edta
1-(4-bromoacetamidobenzyl)EDTA: bifunctional chelating agent. (S)-1-(4-bromoacetamidobenzyl)EDTA : A tetracarboxylic acid consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid having a 4-bromoacetamidobenzyl group at the C1-position and (S)-configuration.		2.0310tetracarboxylic acidchelator
carbapenems
[no description available]		2.9330
triiodothyronine
L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine.		4.16170tetrahydrothiophenes;
thiolactone		human metabolite
8-azido-s-adenosylmethionine
[no description available]		3.2260
s-(5'-deoxyadenosyl-5')-s-methylthioethylhydroxylamine
S-(5'-deoxyadenosyl-5')-S-methylthioethylhydroxylamine: structure given in first source		1.9710
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		2.3720D-xylose
alpha-methylmethionine
[no description available]		210D-alpha-amino acid
5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate
5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate: structure given in first source		2.1710
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		2.1110beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		3.3870amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.4110secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
peptide elongation factor 2
Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.		3.6390
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		2.4110carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
o-phosphohomoserine
O-phosphohomoserine: RN given refers to L-isomer		1.9910O-phosphorylhomoserineEscherichia coli metabolite
s-carbamylcysteine
S-carbamylcysteine: L-glutamine analog; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9710
vinylglycine
vinylglycine: irreversible inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase; structure. L-vinylglycine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid with a structure in which a vinyl group is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.		210glycine derivative;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 4.4.1.14 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) inhibitor
ym 09151-2
nemonapride: structure in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. nemonapride : A racemate composed of (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-enantiomers of nemonapride. Highly potent dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist; selective over D1-like receptors (Ki values are 0.1 and 740 nM for D2-like and D1-like receptors respectively). Also potent 5-HT1A receptor agonist (IC50 = 34 nM) and has affinity for sigma receptors.. (2R,3R)-nemonapride : An optically active form of nemonapride having (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.0210N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-(methylamino)benzamide
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		9.3222methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		2.0310oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate
adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate : An adenosine bisphosphate having two monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions.		2.0110adenosine bisphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
manganese protoporphyrin
[no description available]		2.0310
metabisulfite
metabisulfite: see also related Na metabisulfite & K metabisulfite		1.9610sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
eritadenine
eritadenine: isolated from Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushroom); inhibits S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase activity		2.9140
mycaminose
[no description available]		2.2110deoxyglucose derivative;
glucosamines
saicar
SAICAR: adenosylsuccinase catalyzes its conversion to AICAR. SAICAR : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condesation of the darboxy group of 5-amino-1-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of L-aspartic acid.		2.69301-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
s-adenosyl-2-methylmethionine
S-adenosyl-2-methylmethionine: inhibitor of mammalian S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase		3.4880
baeocystin
baeocystin: from Psilocybe semilanceata. baeocystin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N-methyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4.		2.2110organic phosphate;
secondary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid		fungal metabolite;
hallucinogen
n(6)-(n-threonylcarbonyl)adenosine
N(6)-(N-threonylcarbonyl)adenosine: anticodon adjacent nucleoside; occurs at3'end of anticodon in most tRNA's whih read codons beginning with adenosine;RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-[(9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)carbamoyl]threonine : An N-(adenosin-N(6)-ylcarbonyl)threonine in which the threonine portion has L-configuration.		2.110L-threonine derivative;
N-(adenosin-N(6)-ylcarbonyl)threonine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
methanearsonous acid
methanearsonous acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylarsonous acid : A one-carbon compound that is arsonous acid in which the hydrogen attached to arsenic is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0110arsonous acids;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
poison
aminoimidazole ribotide
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole that is 5-aminoimidazole in which the proton at position 1 has been replaced by a 5-phospho-beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		2.04101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole;
aminoimidazole		bacterial metabolite
5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine
5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine: spore photoproduct from spore DNA		3.8430
homocysteinesulfinic acid
homocysteinesulfinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.4211alpha-amino acid
4,4'-(2-(4-methylpiperidyl)-1-hydroxyethyl)biphenyl
4,4'-(2-(4-methylpiperidyl)-1-hydroxyethyl)biphenyl: RN given refers to dibromide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 8/4/83; structure		1.9710
pyrenedecanoic acid
[no description available]		1.9710
thymidine 5'-diphosphate
thymidine 5'-diphosphate: see also record for thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate, RN 2863-04-9. dTDP : A thymidine phosphate having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.		2.1710pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
epsilon-n-methyllysine
epsilon-N-methyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer; structure. N(6)-methyllysine : A lysine derivative that is lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.. N(6)-methyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.		1.9610L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
2-n-propylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
2-n-propylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: cystene prodrug; structure in first source		2.4320
metaperiodate
metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.		1.9610iodine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester
protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester: RN given refers to protoporphyrin IX 18-monomethyl ester. protoporphyrin monomethyl ester : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is the monomethyl ester of protoporphyrin.		2.4320
desosamine
desosamine: RN given for (D-xylo)-isomer; structure in first source		3.6120amino sugar
symmetric dimethylarginine
N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions		3.8730amino acid zwitterion;
dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		1.9510dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
isoxazolin-5-one
isoxazolin-5-one : An isoxazole that is 3-isoxazoline substituted at position 5 by an oxo group.		1.9810isoxazoles
wyosine
wyosine: derivative of tricyclic guanine nucleus; see also record for wye (base); structure		2.4620carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine
3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine: biosynthesized in E coli by novel enzyme which transfers 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl group into tRNA; enzyme requires S-adenosylmethione as donor cpd; structure. 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine : A derivative of uridine, bearing an additional 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl substituent at position 5 on the uracil ring.		8.7830uridines
s-adenosyl-3-thiopropylamine
S-adenosyl-3-thiopropylamine: decarboxylated S-adenosylhomocysteine; RN given refers to parent cpd. S-adenosyl-3-thiopropylamine : A thioadenosine that is adenosine in which the hydroxy group at C-5' is replaced by a 3-aminopropyl group.		1.9510organic sulfide;
primary amino compound;
thioadenosine
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		6.8260biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		2.1110amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		2.6830
stronger neominophagen c
stronger neominophagen C: consists of glycyrrhizin, cysteine, and glycine		3.4411
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		8.89120
zm 241385
ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor		2.0510diamino-1,3,5-triazine
homocysteic acid
homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.		3.2110homocysteic acidNMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		4.7790divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
propargylglycine
propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0110
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		1.9610aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
5'-methylthiotubercidin
[no description available]		1.9510
n(4)-adenosyl-n(4)-methyl-2,4-diaminobutanoic acid
[no description available]		1.9710
isochorismic acid
isochorismic acid: structure given in first source		2.25105-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid
epsilon n-dimethyllysine
N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative comprising L-lysine having two methyl substituents attached to the side-chain amino group.		1.9610L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
2,4-divinylprotochlorophyllide
[no description available]		1.9710
3-amino-2,3-dideoxyinositol
3-amino-2,3-dideoxyinositol: intermediate in biosynthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine; structure in first source. 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine : An amino cyclitol that is scyllo-inosamine in which the 2-hydroxy group is substituted by hydrogen.		2.0410amino cyclitol
4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid
4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the amino group of L-glutamic acid.		2.0810dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline
2-deoxystreptamine
2-deoxystreptamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure.. 2-deoxystreptamine : An amino cyclitol consisting of scyllo-inositol with the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 replaced by unsubstituted amino groups and that at position 2 replaced by hydrogen.		3.8430
sorafenib
[no description available]		2.4920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
alanyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine
epithalamin: epiphysial polypeptoid extract		2.0110
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		1.981012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
erythritol
[no description available]		2.1710butane-1,2,3,4-tetrolantioxidant;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		3.0750bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
cortisone
[no description available]		1.951011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-methylthioadenosine
[no description available]		2.7130
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.06102-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
lanosterol
[no description available]		2.94014alpha-methyl steroid;
3beta-sterol;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		2.392017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.1310acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
medicarpin
(-)-medicarpin : The (-)-enantiomer of medicarpin.		2.0310medicarpinplant metabolite
anthricin
anthricin: antitumor constituent from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm; structure in first source. deoxypodophyllotoxin : A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.		2.0110furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
lignan;
methoxybenzenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		3.1610
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.6930bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		2.7530
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		2.4820
6-methylthiopurine ribonucleoside-5'-phosphate
6-methylthiopurine ribonucleoside-5'-phosphate: causes cyotoxicity		1.9810
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		19.1474015adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.		1.9610glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatemouse metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine
5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.		7.6600thioadenosinealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.0310
5'-deoxyadenosine
5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd. 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase.		11.112205'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
mannose-6-phosphate
beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		1.9610D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		1.9510peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		1.9710oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
canavanine
L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.		3.4620amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		6.45120D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid
galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.		1.9710D-galacturonic acid
elastin
[no description available]		2.2110oligopeptide
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.		2.88403,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
formiminoglutamic acid
Formiminoglutamic Acid: Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.. N-formimidoyl-L-glutamic acid : The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid		2.8740dicarboxylic acid;
L-glutamic acid derivative
raffinose
Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.		1.9910raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		4.2950
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		1.9510heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
pantetheine
Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.		2.3720pantetheines;
thiol		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dithioerythritol
[no description available]		1.96101,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diolreducing agent
s-adenosyl-3-methylthiopropylamine
S-adenosyl-3-methylthiopropylamine: decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine		5.75280adenosines;
sulfonium compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
rat metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		1.9810myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
cysteinylglycine
cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.		4.1131dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		1.961011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
puromycin
[no description available]		8.2160puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.4920taxifolinmetabolite
paromamine
paromamine: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. paromamine : An aminoglycoside that is 4alpha,6alpha-diaminocyclohexane-1beta,2alpha,3beta-triol in which the pro-R hydroxy group has been converted into its 2-amino-alpha-D-glucoside derivative.		7.5920aminoglycoside;
primary amino compound;
triamine
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		2.8940coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
n-formylmethionine
N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group.		1.9510L-methionine derivative;
N-formyl amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		metabolite
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		210bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
protochlorophyllide
Protochlorophyllide: A photo-active pigment localized in prolamellar bodies occurring within the proplastids of dark-grown bean leaves. In the process of photoconversion, the highly fluorescent protochlorophyllide is converted to chlorophyll.. protochlorophyllide : An analogue of chlorophyll that lacks the phytol side-chain. The parent of the protochlorophyllide class.		2.3820
5-methyldeoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.36702'-deoxycytidine
trimethyllysine
trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.6730alpha-amino-acid cationhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ribosylimidazole acetic acid
ribosylimidazole acetic acid: metabolite of imidazole acetic acid		2.03101-ribosylimidazole
eriodictyol
eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.03103'-hydroxyflavanones;
tetrahydroxyflavanone
dyphylline
hydrogenobyrinic acid: structure given in first source		2.610
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		2.3820cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
thienamycin
thienamycin: beta-lactam antibiotic; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		7.1110carbapenems
actinorhodin
actinorhodin: structure. actinorhodin : A member of the class of benzoisochromanequinone that is produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and exhibits antibiotic activity.		8.2960
phalloidine
Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.		1.9910homodetic cyclic peptide
ryanodine
Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.		2.0410
naringin
[no description available]		2.0110(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
nanaomycin a
nanaomycin A: produced by a strain OS-3966 of Streptomyces rosa var. notoensis; quinone-related cpd; MF C16-H14-O6; see also nanaomycin B: 52934-85-7, nanaomycin C: 58286-55-8, nanaomycin E: 72660-52-7; structure. nanaomycin A : A pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotic from strain OS-3966 of Streptomyces rosa var. notoensis.		2.0610benzoisochromanequinone;
monocarboxylic acid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
p-quinones		bacterial metabolite
littorine
littorine: RN given refers to (3(R)-endo)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/90; isolated from a Duboisia hybrid		3.830tropane alkaloid
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.4420
2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate
2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source		2.1710tetritol phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		2.940tripeptide
c(alpha)-formylglycine
C(alpha)-formylglycine: An unusual amino acid residue found at active site of sulfatases. It is created through the conversion of an active site cysteine or serine residue by C(alpha)-formylglycine (FGly)-generating enzyme. Although the term formylglycine has been used in the literature to refer to C(alpha)-formylglycine it is found in most chemical sources as a synonom for N-formyglycine.. L-3-oxoalanine : The L-enantiomer of 3-oxoalanine.		2.46203-oxoalanine;
amino acid zwitterion;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
plasminogen activator inhibitor 2
N-butyrylhomoserine lactone: quorum sensing compound biosynthesized by LasI protein; structure given in first source		2.4220N-acyl-amino acid
4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione
4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione: structure in first source		2.0310
sodium arsenite
sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.		8.73100arsenic molecular entity;
inorganic sodium salt		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
herbicide;
insecticide;
rodenticide
pyochelin
pyochelin: phenolic iron-binding cpd from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; promotes the growth of bacterium when added to iron-deficient media. pyochelin : A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4R)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl group. A siderophore that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (via condensation of salicylic acid and two molecules of cysteine) as a mixture of two easily interconvertible diastereoisomers, pyochelin I (major) and pyochelin II (minor). The enantiomeric compounds, enant-pyochelin, are produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.		2.2110monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
thiazolidines		metabolite;
siderophore
yersiniabactin
yersiniabactin: from clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica; an iron-chelating virulence factor of Yersinia pestis; yersiniabactin is a thiazole phenol analog of pyochelin; biosynthesized from salicylate, cysteine and malonyl CoA. yersiniabactin : A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4S)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (1S)-1-hydroxy-1-{(4R)-2-[(4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-yl group. A siderophore found in the gram-negative bacterium species, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis.		2.0110monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
thiazolidines		bacterial metabolite;
siderophore
petunidin-3-glucoside
[no description available]		2.0110anthocyanin cation;
aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside		antioxidant;
metabolite
malvidin-3-glucoside
malvidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : An anthocyanin cation consisting of malvidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position.		2.0110anthocyanin cation;
aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside		metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.		7.09200acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		3.57903beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a
trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES		2.730antibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.2150retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.9240icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
desthiobiotin
desthiobiotin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (4R,5S)-dethiobiotin : The (4R,5S)-isomer of dethiobiotin.		4.5170dethiobiotin
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		3.8630resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		9.3360retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
ribothymidine
ribothymidine : A methyluridine having a single methyl substituent at the 5-position on the uracil ring.		2.0310methyluridineantigen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
palmitoleic acid
hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.1110hexadec-9-enoic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		3.2660octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
farnesyl pyrophosphate
farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.		2.1710farnesyl diphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		3.0850D-galactopyranuronic acid
geranyl pyrophosphate
geranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E)-isomer. geranyl diphosphate : The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol.		2.7530polyprenyl diphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		7.3820benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		3.5520icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		2.37202-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
keratan sulfate
Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.		2.4220
5-hydroxyferulic acid
5-hydroxyferulic acid : Ferulic acid in which the ring hydrogen at position 5 is substituted by a hydroxy group.. (E)-5-hydroxyferulic acid : The E-isomer of 5-hydroxyferulic acid.		2.01105-hydroxyferulic acid
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		5.46100epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
t0901317
T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist		2.2510
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.		2.3720adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		2.6430olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		1.9910phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		2.1110aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
decitabine
[no description available]		8.59802'-deoxyribonucleoside
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		1.9510
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		3.82120actinomycinmutagen
aphidicolin
Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.		1.9610tetracyclic diterpenoidantimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
apoptosis inducer;
Aspergillus metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.0610amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
4-demethylwyosine
4-demethylwyosine: structure in first source. 4-demethylwyosine : A nucleoside analogue having 6-methyl-3,5-dihydro-9H-imidazo[1,2-a]purin-9-one as the modified nucleobase.		2.8830nucleoside analogue
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		6.2100flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
potassium permanganate
Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)		1.9510
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		3.4811one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
potassium acetate
Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions		1.9910potassium saltfood acidity regulator
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.0210organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.05102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
glycosides
[no description available]		3.0750
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		19.751,2955isomethyleugenol
retinol acetate
retinol acetate: structure given in first source		1.9610acetate ester
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		3.8630stilbene
isoliquiritigenin
[no description available]		2.0610chalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		6.26150flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		3.3510olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		2.9340malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		3.86120diphosphate ion
isopropyl thiogalactoside
Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.		210S-glycosyl compound
fludarabine
[no description available]		6.9910purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		3.9940pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.0810pyridines
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.6920
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		3.87120aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		1.9810
thiobenzamide
thiobenzamide: structure; hepatotoxin in rats		1.9910benzenes
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.9240caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		5.3950aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
5-methoxyuridine
5-methoxyuridine : A derivative of uridine, bearing an additional methoxy substituent at position 5 on the uracil ring.		2.420uridines
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		1.9510nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		1.95101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		4.0331monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		9.36110capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
terbinafine
[no description available]		2.0310acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
coniferyl alcohol
coniferyl alcohol: structure. coniferol : A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring.		2.0810guaiacols;
phenylpropanoid		animal metabolite;
monolignol;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		2.69302-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
neotetrazolium
[no description available]		210
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		2.6830cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		3.69100thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
unithiol
Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.		1.9910
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		1.9910dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
tamoxifen
[no description available]		2.9640stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
nadp
[no description available]		6360
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		1.941011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		2.1710carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		1.9510cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		1.9410alkali metal atom
thiouridine
Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.		2.3920nucleoside analogue;
thiouridine		affinity label;
antimetabolite
burimamide
Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.		1.9510imidazoles
raclopride
Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.		210salicylamides
methyl radical
[no description available]		2.0610organic radical
mdl 72527
MDL 72527: RN given refers to di-HCl; RN for parent cpd not available 6/85; polyamine oxidase inhibitor		2.0210
cystine
[no description available]		5.66150
2-thiouridine
[no description available]		2.0810nucleoside analogue;
thiouridine
micronomicin
micronomicin: DE 020 & DE 020 eyedrops both consist of KW 1062, benzalkonium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide & distilled water pH 7.4; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for gentamicin C; structure		1.9610aminoglycoside
chuangxinmycin
chuangxinmycin: produced by Actinoplanes tsinanensis; structure. (-)-chuangxinmycin : A thiinoindole that is 3,5-dihydro-2H-thiino[4,3,2-cd]indole which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by carboxy and methyl groups, respectively (the 2R,3S diastereoisomer).		2.1710indole alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiinoindole		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 6.1.1.2 (tryptophan--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
s-adenosyl-1,12-diamino-3-thio-9-azadodecane
S-adenosyl-1,12-diamino-3-thio-9-azadodecane: structure given in first source		1.9710
bottromycin
bottromycin: bottromycin is a complex of 5 compounds of which the main one is bottromycin A(2)		2.0710
5-hydroxybenzimidazole
5-hydroxybenzimidazole: only base detected in cobamide cpds from methanol-grown Methanosarcina barkeri. 5-hydroxybenzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole carrying a single hydroxy substituent at position 5.		2.1710benzimidazoles;
phenols		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
rat metabolite
a 53868a
A 53868A: from Streptomyces luridus; structure given in first source		2.0510
amanitins
Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.		2.3520
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		4.3160
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		3.5690organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
ro 41-0960
[no description available]		2.9240
nsc 105827
thiosangivamycin: structure given in first source		1.9510
or486
OR486: structure given in first source		2.4520
homoserine lactone
homoserine lactone: a putative signal for starvation in E. coli; structure in first source. homoserinium lactone : The conjugate acid of homoserine lactone; major species at pH 7.3.. homoserine lactone : A butan-4-olide having an amino substituent at the 2-position.		4.3760ammonium ion derivative;
organic cation
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		3.91130
7-deazapurine
7-deazapurine: structure in first source		2.8530
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.6930
4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2h)-furanone
4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-furanone : A member of the class of furans that is 5-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran with a hydroxy group at position 4 and a keto group at position 3.		2.0110cyclic ketone;
enol;
furans		metabolite
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		3.1502-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		11.47141
tetrathiomolybdate
tetrathiomolybdate: RN given refers to (MoS4)-2; chelates copper; inhibits CopB copper ATPase and cytokine proteins important for angiogenesis; structure		2.0610
diethyl maleate
diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.		2.4220ethyl ester;
maleate ester		glutathione depleting agent
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		2.420sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		3.24607-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		7.76203biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.4320prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sterigmatocystin
[no description available]		1.9610sterigmatocystinsmetabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.03103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		5.0552octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
scopoletin
[no description available]		2.0110hydroxycoumarinplant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		2.8640
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		3.110carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
11-cis-retinal
Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.		1.9710retinalchromophore;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
15,23-dihydrosirohydrochlorin
15,23-dihydrosirohydrochlorin: structure given in first source. precorrin-2 : The second intermediate in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 from uroporphyrinogen III, in which methyl groups have been introduced at positions 2 and 7 of the tetrapyrrole framework.		3.150
retinol palmitate
retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.		2.420all-trans-retinyl ester;
retinyl palmitate		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
solanesyl pyrophosphate
nonaprenyl diphosphate : A polyprenol diphosphate compound having nine prenyl units with undefined stereochemistry about the double bonds.. all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate : A nonaprenyl diphosphate where all C=C double bonds have (E)-configuration.		2.3820all-trans-polyprenyl diphosphate;
nonaprenyl diphosphate
alprostadil
[no description available]		3.7621prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
stigmasterol
stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.		3.1103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		plant metabolite
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		6.1532D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		1.9510disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
leukotriene d4
Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).		1.9910dipeptide;
leukotriene;
organic sulfide		bronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		1.9910prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
harmine
Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.		1.9910harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.03107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		3.4720antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		2.49202-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
esculetin
esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.		1.9710hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
trichothecin
trichothecin: produced by fungus Trichothecium roseum. trichothecin : A trichothecene mycototoxin isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichothecium sp. and it exhibits anti-cancer properties.		1.9810
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		2.17107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin
isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.		1.97107-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
myricetin
[no description available]		2.11107-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		2.08107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
pterostilbene
[no description available]		2.1510diether;
methoxybenzenes;
stilbenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
neurotransmitter;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		3.5420ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
cerulenin
Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.		2.420epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		2.0510F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
n,n-dimethylsphingenine
N,N-dimethylsphingosine: a sphingosine kinase inhibitor. N,N-dimethylsphingosine : A sphingoid that is sphingosine in which the two amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		1.9710aminodiol;
sphingoid;
tertiary amino compound		EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		1.98104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		2.3920retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		6.9710
zinostatin
Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.		2.0510
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		1.9910thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		5.46514-hydroxynon-2-enal;
4-hydroxynonenal
menaquinone 6
menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer		5.5170
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		1.951017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
diminazene aceturate
diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.		2.420N-acetylglycinate saltantiparasitic agent;
trypanocidal drug
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.4320morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		1.9610phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
brefeldin a
[no description available]		2.1110macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.0210monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		2.9540morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
pactamycin
Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.		6.9510
preclamol
preclamol: centrally acting dopamine receptor agonist with selectivity for autoreceptors		1.9610
l 745870
3-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridine: selective for D(4) receptors; structure in first source		210piperazines
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		4.02501-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.830adenosines
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		4.94120guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
ergothioneine
ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.		2.49201,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
amino-acid betaine;
L-histidine derivative;
sulfur-containing amino acid		antioxidant;
chelator;
fungal metabolite;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		2.8940carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
tin
[no description available]		1.9510carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		1.9410alkali metal atom
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		7.0510alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
triphenyltin
triphenyltin: triphenyltin derivatives widely used as pesticides; all of first source is triphenyltin cpds		2.0510
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		2.4110alkali metal atom
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		2.6530boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		7.53520metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		7.06106-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		10.52870chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
methyl oleate
[no description available]		1.9610fatty acid methyl ester
plastoquinone
[no description available]		1.9810plastoquinone
rifamycin b
[no description available]		2.0110acetate ester;
carboxylic acid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
rifamycins
deoxyribose
[no description available]		4.0640deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		3.0410butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		14.561774cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		4.0431monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.		3.830boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
heroin
Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.		1.9710morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug
nitecapone
nitecapone: structure given in first source		1.9710hydroxycinnamic acid
diethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)
diethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone): structure given in first source		210
oleoyl-coenzyme a
oleoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.3620octadecenoyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
abscisic acid
Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.		7.42202-trans-abscisic acid
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.110cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		4.81340ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
caffeoyl-coenzyme a
caffeoyl-coenzyme A: structure given in first source		2.4320
2-amino-4-methoxy-3-butenoic acid
2-amino-4-methoxy-3-butenoic acid: bacterial toxin isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RN given refers to (S-(E))-isomer		2.8840
mastoparan
[no description available]		1.9910mastoparans;
peptidyl amide		antimicrobial agent
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		9.08302chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
selenocysteine
Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.		3.0440
methaneselenol
methaneselenol: RN given refers to (75)Se-labeled cpd. methylselenol : An organoselenium compound that is a selenium analogue of methanol, comprising a methyl group covalently bound to a selenol group.		2.0710
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		3.1150chalcogen;
metalloid atom
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		1.9510
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.420maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
fusarin c
fusarin C: structure given in first source		2.0210sesquiterpenoid
ebelactone b
ebelactone B: esterase inhibitor; structure given in first source; see also ebelactone A		1.9910
myxothiazol
myxothiazol: strobilurin analogue; methoxyacrylamide derivative; antifungal antibiotic from Myxococcus fulvus; structure given in first source. myxothiazol : A 2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole substituted at the 4-position with a (1E,3S,4R,5E)-7-amino-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-7-oxohepta-1,5-dien-1-yl] group and at the 2'-position with a (2S,3E,5E)-7-methylocta-3,5-dien-2-yl group. It is an inhibitor of coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase.		2.0110
tylosin b
[no description available]		2.1310
s-farnesylcysteine
S-farnesylcysteine: structural component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating hormone a-factor. S-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-L-cysteine : An S-farnesyl-L-cysteine where the C=C double bonds at the 2- and 6-positions both have (E)-configuration.		210amino acid zwitterion;
S-farnesyl-L-cysteine;
S-polyprenyl-L-cysteine zwitterion
n-acetyl-s-farnesylcysteine
N-acetyl-S-farnesylcysteine: inhibits prenyl-cysteine carboxyl methyl transferases		2.9140sesquiterpenoid
a9145c
A9145C: RNA methylases inhibitor		1.9710
2-(fluoromethyl)dehydroornithine methyl ester
[no description available]		2.3720
4-coumaroyl-coenzyme a
4-coumaroyl-coenzyme A: structure given in first source. trans-4-coumaroyl-CoA : A 4-coumaroyl-CoA in which the double bond of the coumaroyl group has trans-geochemistry.. 4-coumaroyl-CoA : The S-(4-coumaroyl) derivative of coenzyme A.		2104-coumaroyl-CoA
bacteriochlorophylls
Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.		3.930
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine: used for premature induction of labor in rabbits; RN given refers to (all Z)-isomer		2.4120
everolimus
[no description available]		2.1510cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ubichromenol
[no description available]		1.9710
sialosylparagloboside
sialosylparagloboside: see also record for sialosylgloboside		1.9610
lactacystin
[no description available]		2.0610lactam;
S-substituted L-cysteine
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		2.3520diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		1.9810cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
hypericum
Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.		8.77170penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		5.7361phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cgp 48664
4-amidinoindan-1-one 2'-amidinohydrazone: structure given in first source		2.7130
asparenomycin
asparenomycin: from Streptomyces tokunonensis sp. nov.; structure given in first source		2.4110
s-allylcysteine
S-allylcysteine: structure in first source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. S-allylcysteine : An S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulphur is replaced by a prop-2-enyl group. It commonly occurs in garlic and has been found to exhibit antineoplastic activity.		210L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.4320
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		1.9910oligopeptide
nebicapone
nebicapone: structure in first source		2.0110
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine
N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist		1.9710
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		2.6930bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		1.9510organic molecular entity
carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal
carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal: structure given in first source		2.0610peptide
5-bromouridine triphosphate
5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having 5-bromouracil as the pyrimidine component.		2.2510organobromine compound;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		2.0210dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
nicotianamine
nicotianamine: an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor from soy sauce. (S,S,S)-nicotianamine : The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of nicotianamine.		3.8430amino acid zwitterion;
nicotianamine		chelator;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
cc 1065
CC 1065: from Streptomyces zelensis; structure in second sourc		3.7120
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		1.9610alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
cgc 11093
CGC 11093: may prove useful in promoting regression of choroidal neovascularization		2.0110
n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone
N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone: structure in first source		1.9910N-acyl-amino acid
methionine sulfoxide
methionine sulfoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-methionine (R)-S-oxide : The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.		2.610amino acid zwitterion;
L-methionine S-oxide		Escherichia coli metabolite
phosphoramidite
phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.		3.5920
cystathionine
Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.		10.55361cysteine derivative
dimethylarginine
dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.		4.1431
vitamin u
Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		4140methyl-L-methionine;
sulfonium betaine
dehydrolysine
[no description available]		210
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		2.0510
fr 900848
FR 900848: from Streptovericillium fervens; structure given in first source. jawsamycin : A polyketide that is 5'-amino-5'-deoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-[(1R,1'R,1''R,1'''R,2S,2'R,2''R,2'''S)-2'''-{(E)-2-[(1R,2R)-2-methylcyclopropyl]ethenyl}[1,1':2',1'':2'',1'''-quater(cyclopropan)]-2-yl]-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group. It is a metabolite isolated from the bacterium, Streptoverticillium fervens and targets the catalytic subunit of the fungal UDP-glycosyltransferase, the first step in the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity against several pathogenic fungi including Mucorales.		3.3510cyclopropanes;
nucleoside analogue;
olefinic compound;
polyketide;
secondary carboxamide		antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite
galidesivir
[no description available]		2.0610
bacilysin
bacilysin: structure. bacilysin : A non-ribosomally synthesised dipeptide that consists of L-alanyl and anticapsin units linked by a peptide bond.		2.110
telluromethionine
[no description available]		2.4220
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		4.12160D-ribose;
ribopyranose
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		2.5220alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
gilvocarcin v
gilvocarcin V: from Actinomycete DO-38; structure given in first source		2.0710
dimethylarsinoylacetic acid
dimethylarsinoylacetic acid: arsenobetaine degradation product; structure in first source		2.0210
epoxomicin
[no description available]		2.0610morpholines;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		3.0650nystatins
marizomib
marizomib: a proteasome inhibitor from a marine bacterium Salinospora; structure in first source		2.4520beta-lactone;
gamma-lactam;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organochlorine compound;
salinosporamide		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
n-acetyl-s-geranylgeranyl-cysteine
N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-cysteine: a prenylcysteine analog		2.0110diterpenoid
veratridine
Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.		2.3720
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		2.0210
4'-thioadenosine
4'-thioadenosine: structure given in first source		1.9610
dihydromonacolin l
dihydromonacolin L: isolated from Monaseus ruber; MF: C19-H30-O3; structure given in first source. dihydromonacolin L : A pyranone obtained by selective hydrogenation of the 4a,5-double bond in monacolin L.		2.05102-pyranones;
octahydronaphthalenes
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		3.3570benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.7130
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		2.6730
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.3820
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		3.7430
phytosterols
Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.		4.8460
rifamycins
[no description available]		2.0110
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		6.0831
2-methyltryptophan
2-methyltryptophan: RN given for (L)-isomer. 2-methyl-L-tryptophan : An L-tryptophan derivative in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the indole ring is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0810amino acid zwitterion;
L-tryptophan derivative		bacterial metabolite
carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine
carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine: carboxylic analog of 3-deazaadenosine		1.9710
ammonium citrate
[no description available]		2.2510ammonium salt;
citrate salt		buffer;
food emulsifier
isoguanosine
[no description available]		2.0310
wyosine
wybutosine: structure in first source. wybutosine : A nucleoside analogue having methyl (2S)-4-(4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo-4,9-dihydro-3H-imidazo[1,2-a]purin-7-yl)-2-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]butanoate as the modified nucleobase.		5.5280carbamate ester;
methyl ester;
nucleoside analogue
cysteinyldopa
Cysteinyldopa: Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore used in the diagnosis of melanoma and for the detection of postoperative metastases. Cysteinyldopa is believed to be formed by the rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-S-glutathionedopa found in melanin-producing cells.		1.9510catecholamine;
zwitterion
3-methylcytidine
[no description available]		2.4720methylcytidine
peonidin 3-glucoside
peonidin 3-glucoside: the methylated form of cyanidin 3-glucoside		2.1510
mdl 73811
MDL 73811: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		3.7730
s-adenosylethionine
[no description available]		4.16170
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		12.76410organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.9840
cob(ii)alamin
cob(II)alamin : A cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +2.		2.4520cobalamincofactor;
human metabolite
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		1.9610
nosiheptide
nosiheptide: from Streptomyces actuosus; structure		5110polyol
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		3.110
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		2.4720oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
protegrin-1
protegrin-1: GenBank X84094		2.3110
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		3.0650peptide hormone
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		1.9710
sboa protein, bacillus subtilis
sboA protein, Bacillus subtilis: 35-amino acid cyclic peptide with three cysteine bridges from Bacillus subtilis 168; peptide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is idential to that from B. subtilis; has bacteriocidal activity against some Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria, some species of Bacillus and E.faecium; GenBank AJ430547		2.0710
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		4.67290
anticodon
Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.		3.74100
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		2.0810
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		2.2110
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		2.6430glycoside
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		2.0210
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		13.1312221,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		4.3760chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
cobyrinic acid
cobyrinic acid: structure		2.3620cobalt-corrinoid heptacarboxylic acid;
cobyrinic acid
adenosine kinase
Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.		4.03140
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		4.95120
avilamycin a
avilamycin A: isolated from Streptomyces viridochromogenes; structure in first source. avilamycin A : An oligosaccharide derivative that is produced by Streptomyces viridochromogenes and exhibits antibiotic properties.		2.0310benzoate ester;
cyclic acetal;
dichlorobenzene;
oligosaccharide derivative;
ortho ester;
oxaspiro compound;
phenols;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
succinyladenosine
succinyladenosine: found in body fluids of children with severe psychomotor delay & autism; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. succinyladenosine : An aspartic acid derivative that is L-aspartic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by a 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-yl group.		2.0810adenosines;
amino dicarboxylic acid;
L-aspartic acid derivative		metabolite
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate: structure in first source		2.1110
pyrazolopyridine
pyrazolopyridine: act as competitive antagonists of brain adenosine A1 receptors		2.2510
prenylcysteine
prenylcysteine: structure in first source. prenylcysteine : A derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.		2.1710
butaclamol
Butaclamol: A benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinolinol that has been used as an antipsychotic, especially in schizophrenia.		1.9610
cobyric acid
[no description available]		1.9910cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide
sodium oxybate
Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.		8.6870
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		3.06503',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
osteum
[no description available]		1.9610organic molecular entity
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate
[no description available]		1.9610
sodium hypophosphite
sodium hypophosphite: RN given refers to phosphinic acid, Na salt; structure		1.9610
sodium glutamate
Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.		2.0510monosodium glutamateflavouring agent
chiniofon
Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.		2.3110
thiostrepton
Thiostrepton: One of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.. thiostrepton : A heterodetic cyclic peptide, in which the cyclisation step involves a formal lactonisation between the carboxy group of a quinaldic acid-based residue and a secondary alcohol. An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Also acts as an antitumor agent.		5.1980
hygromycin b
[no description available]		1.9910
intrinsic factor
Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.		3.110
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		1.9510
6-deoxy-5-ketofructose 1-phosphate
1-deoxy-D-threo-hexo-2,5-diulose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate having keto groups at the 2- and 5-positions, hydroxy groups at the 3- and 4-positions and the phosphate group at the 6-position.		2.1710ketohexose monophosphate
mannans
[no description available]		7.3150
nitrogenase
Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.		5.79100
phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.		3.2710organic anion
glycolipids
[no description available]		4.1650
magnesium protoporphyrin
magnesium protoporphyrin(2-) : The conjugate base of magnesium protoporphyrin, formed by deprotonation of the carboxyethyl groups at C-13 and C-17. It is the principal species at pH 7.3.		1.9710
feruloyl-coa
feruloyl-CoA(4-) : An acyl-CoA(4-) that is the tetraanion of feruloyl-CoA arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups.. trans-feruloyl-CoA(4-) : An acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 3-trans-feruloyl-CoA. Major structure at pH 7.3.		210feruloyl-CoA(4-)
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		2.6730
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.0810
5-(delta-carboxybutyl)homocysteine
5-(delta-carboxybutyl)homocysteine: dual substrate analog of homocysteine S-methyltransferase; structure given in first source		2.4620
nocathiacin i
nocathiacin I: structure in first source		7.0610
hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.		2.6830
tylosin
[no description available]		2.1310
chymostatin
[no description available]		1.9710
diphthamide
[no description available]		10.22150quaternary ammonium ion
roseoflavin
roseoflavin: structure. roseoflavin : A benzopteridine that is riboflavin in which the methyl group at position 8 is substituted by a dimethylamino group.		2.1310benzopteridineantimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
gephyronic acid
gephyronic acid: a highly substituted aliphatic acid with a keto group; shows a tendency to form an intramolecular hemiacetal; isolated from myxobacteria Archangium gephyra; structure given in first source		2.0810
3-hydroxytridecan-4-one
[no description available]		2.0610
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		13.16270
heme d1
heme d1: extractable heme from Pseudomonas nitrite reductase. ferroheme d1 : A ferroheme having four carboxy groups and oxo groups on two of the pyrrole rings.		2.1510
chondroitin
Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		3.5320
beta-methyltryptophan
beta-methyltryptophan: structure in first source		2.1310
d-2-o-methylribose
[no description available]		2.0110
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		4.93120ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		7.0510carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		6.9510
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		1.9810
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.7330monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
piroxicam
[no description available]		4.721benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		3.0750benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
citrinin
Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.		2.1510
tetrocarcin a
tetrocarcin A: from cultures of strain No. T-90 designated as Micromonospora chalcea subsp. kazunoensis		2.0510
kijanimicin
kijanimicin: from Actinomadura, A.kijaniata; branched tetrasaccharide unit as well as novel nitrosugar moiety glycosidically linked to the aglycone		2.0510
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		2.0310
kaolinite
Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.		1.9410aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient
mk0767
MK0767: dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist, displays robust antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities		2.4220
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.4320
phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.		3.2110
epz004777
[no description available]		2.1110N-glycosyl compound
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		3.470ketal
thiomuracin a
thiomuracin A: isolated from Nonomurae; structure in first source		3.9730
n6-methyl-n6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine
N6-methyl-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine: structure in first source		2.4620
siroheme
[no description available]		2.420
gsk343
GSK343: an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor. GSK343 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM).		2.1110aminopyridine;
indazoles;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridone;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor
rome
Rome: The capital city of Italy.. (2R)-2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol : A 2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol that has R-configuration. It is a sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor.		1.98102-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-olEC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		2.3720
phleomycin d1
phleomycin D1 : A glycopeptide originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus which contains a (4'R)-4',5'-dihydro-2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole-2',4-diyl moiety with a a 4-guanidylbutylaminocarbonyl group attached to the 4-position of the terminal thiazole ring. Like all phleomycins, phleomycin D1 can form complexes with redox-active metals such as Co, Cu, and Fe.		2.0110bi-1,3-thiazole;
chelate-forming peptide;
disaccharide derivative;
glycopeptide;
guanidines		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
macrocin
macrocin(1+) : An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of macrocin, obtained by protonation of the tertiary amino group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.1310ammonium ion derivative;
organic cation
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.9540
alcohol oxidase
[no description available]		2.110
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		4.72110
limbrel
flavocoxid: a mixture of baicalin and catechin used as an NSAID		3.1710
diphthine
diphthine: acid hydrolysis product of diphthamide; should not be confused with diphthin. diphthinate : An amino acid zwitterion that is the conjugate base of cationic diphthine, formed via deprotonation of both carboxy groups and protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3.. diphthine : A quaternary ammonium ion consisting of L-histidine with a 3-(trimethylammonio)-3-carboxypropyl group at the 2-position of the the imidazole ring.		1.9610amino acid zwitterion
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		2.940
cobamamide
cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.		7.7190
gibberellins
[no description available]		1.9710
t-2 toxin
T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals.		1.9710
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		21.081959
butirosin sulfate
Butirosin Sulfate: A water-soluble aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex isolated from fermentation filtrates of Bacillus circulans. Two components (A and B) have been separated from the complex. Both are active against many gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria.		2.4620
norgestrel
Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.		3.3511
cystobactamid 919-2
[no description available]		2.1510
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		9.6180
blasticidin s
blasticidin S: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. blasticidin S : A blasticidin that is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces griseochromogene.		2.8220
flavin mononucleotide
Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.		4.4770
silybin
Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.		8.5920
2-methylisoborneol
2-methylisoborneol: structure. 2-methylisoborneol : An bornane monoterpenoid comprising isoborneol carrying a 2-methyl substituent (the 1R,2R,4R-diastereomer).		2.0410
factor f430
factor F430: low mol wt nickel-containing cpd from Methanobacterium. coenzyme F430 : A nickel tetrapyrrole found only in methanogenic Archaea. It is the prosthetic group of the enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase which catalyses the release of methane in the final step of methanogenesis.		210
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		3.5690
ribosomal protein l7-l12
[no description available]		2.0110
chondroitin sulfates
Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.		5.4660
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		2.110
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		8.91715-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		2.15103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.5920purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9610deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydrofolate
dihydrofolic acid : A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.		6.9610dihydrofolic acidsEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.7130guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		2.0210guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		6.62400guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		10.963502-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		11.09230guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		2.4420nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		6.28111inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-methyladenine
1-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1.		4.0140
inosine diphosphate
Inosine Diphosphate: An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		2.2510inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite
sapropterin
sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).		3.5205,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterincoenzyme;
cofactor;
diagnostic agent;
human metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		17.5624114folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		2.3620
queuine
[no description available]		6.9810pyrrolopyrimidineEscherichia coli metabolite
discadenine
[no description available]		2.3620
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		3.0850nucleoside triphosphate analogue
7-methylguanine
7-methylguanine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 7-methylguanine : A methylguanine that is guanine substituted by a methyl group at position 7. It is a metabolite obtained during the methylation of DNA.. 2-imino-7-methyl-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.. 2-amino-7-methyl-7H-purin-6-ol : A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.		2.65307-methylguanine
neopterin
[no description available]		3.7630
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		210benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer		3.1150benzamides;
methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		4.1631nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		1.9710nucleoside triphosphate analogue
5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate
[no description available]		3.8721
7-deazaguanine
[no description available]		2.4820organic molecular entity
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		7.22121tetrahydrofolic acid
8-hydroxyguanine
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.		1.9810oxopurine
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		1.9910
n(2),n(2),7-trimethylguanosine
[no description available]		2.4220methylguanosine
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		2.6730nitroso compoundalkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		2.1110guanosinesbiomarker
7-methylguanosine
7-methylguanosine : A positively charged methylguanosine in which a single methyl substituent is located at position 7.		340methylguanosine;
organic cation		metabolite
tetrahydropterin
[no description available]		3.520
prodigiosin
Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.		2.3820
futalosine
futalosine: structure in first source		2.1710inosines
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.		12.64527
n(2),n(2)-dimethylguanosine
N(2),N(2)-dimethylguanosine: elevated levels in urine of cancer patients. N(2),N(2)-dimethylguanosine : A guanosine where the hydrogens of the amine group at C-2 are substituted by methyl groups.		3.5120methylguanosinehuman metabolite
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine: also referred to as CpG		2.940(3'->5')-dinucleotide
undecylprodigiosin
prodigiosin 25C: red pigment produced by Streptomyces hiroshimensis; potent immunosuppressive agent with its primary effect on functions of T cells; structure given in first source. undecylprodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by (4'-methoxy-1H,5'H-[2,2'-bipyrrol]-5'-ylidene)methyl and undecyl groups at positions 2 and 5, respectively. It is a pigment produced by Stveptomyces coelicolor.		2.0710alkaloid;
aromatic ether;
tripyrrole		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
biological pigment;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
nucleoside q
Nucleoside Q: A modified nucleoside which is present in the first position of the anticodon of tRNA-tyrosine, tRNA-histidine, tRNA-asparagine and tRNA-aspartic acid of many organisms. It is believed to play a role in the regulatory function of tRNA. Nucleoside Q can be further modified to nucleoside Q*, which has a mannose or galactose moiety linked to position 4 of its cyclopentenediol moiety.. queuosine : A nucleoside found in tRNA that has an additional cyclopentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methyl-7-deazaguanosine. The cyclopentenyl ring may carry other substituents.		5.01707-deazaguanine ribonucleoside
methanopterin
methanopterin: isolated from Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum. methanopterin : A member of the class of methanopterins obtained by formal dehydrogenation at positions 5, 6, 7 and 8 of tetrahydromethanopterin. The parent of the class of methanopterins		2.4220methanopterins
7-methylguanosine-5'-monophosphate
7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphate(1-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3.		2.420organophosphate oxoanion
7-methylguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.420guanosine 5'-phosphate
archaeosine
archaeosine: post-transcriptional modification seen in archaeal RNA; structure given in first source. archaeosine : A 7-deazaguanine ribonucleoside having 7-formamidino-7-deazaguanine as the nucleobase. It is found in the majority of archaeal tRNAs specifically at position 15 of the dihydrouridine loop (D-loop), a position not modified in either eukaryotic or bacterial tRNA.		2.21107-deazaguanine ribonucleoside
molybdenum cofactor
molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2.		10.5360Mo-molybdopterin cofactor;
organophosphate oxoanion
nucleoside oq
nucleoside oQ: found in tRNA(Tyr) from E coli; structure given in first source. epoxyqueuosine : A 7-deazaguanine ribonucleoside obtained by formal epoxidation of the cyclohexene moiety of queuosine.		1.98107-deazaguanine ribonucleoside;
epoxide
3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone
3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone: structure in first source		2.0710
avermectin
avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.		7.7130
cholestyramine resin
Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.		8.290
eye
[no description available]		2.8940
potassium magnesium aspartate
Potassium Magnesium Aspartate: An intra-extracellular electrolyte exchange agent with a variety of effects.		3.3911
colibactin
colibactin: a hybrid peptide-polyketide secreted by E coli. colibactin : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles that comprises of two units of 2-[(2-{6-[(2S)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl]-5-oxo-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-7-yl}acetamido)methyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid linked together via the formal condensation of the carboxy groups. It is a secondary metabolite produced by certain strains of bacteria found in the human gut such as Escherichia coli. It has the ability to bind covalently to DNA and is strongly associated with colorectal cancer.		7.55201,3-thiazoles;
azaspiro compound;
polyketide;
pyrroline;
secondary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin
maltodextrin
maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.		2.0510
carbidopa
Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		4.0140
chaetocin
chaetocin: inhibits G9a histone methyltransferase		8.2710
decanoyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.0610
3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP(4-)
3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP: naturally-encoded vertebrate ribonucleotide with antiviral activity. 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP : An organic triphosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the 5'-hydroxy group of 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-cytidine with triphosphoric acid. It is a chain terminator for RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.		2.6320organophosphate oxoanion
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		2.6430
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		2.0110
factor 420
factor 420: isolated from Methanobacterium strain MOH; mol Wt. about 630; can serve as electron carrier; involved in NADP-linked hydrogenase system		2.0110
iodohydroxybenzylpindolol
iodohydroxybenzylpindolol: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9610
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		4.74120
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		4.2650
reamberin
[no description available]		4.8471
7-methyl-diguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.420
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		2.4320
filipin
Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.		1.9610
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		6.17150O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
alpha-hydroxyglutarate
2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.21102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-ketoadipic acid
2-oxoadipic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is adipic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0210oxo dicarboxylic acidhuman urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite
acetoacetic acid
acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.		2103-oxo fatty acid;
ketone body		metabolite
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		2.1710non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		2.8630amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.1310monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		2.02106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adipic acid
adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.		2.2110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		food acidity regulator;
human xenobiotic metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.110guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		4.761azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		5.32121amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		2.4720alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		2.7430fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		2.4110carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		2.4420monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		2.0810amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		22.991,10273amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
choline
[no description available]		4.4641cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		3.0310tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.4110chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		2.2510medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		6.5982(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		2.1310N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
methylmalonic acid
Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		4.06140C4-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
2-methylcitric acid
2-methylcitric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4220tricarboxylic acid
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		4.87302-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		3.2850glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		2.4320aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		7.471412-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.110aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gamma-butyrobetaine
4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate : An amino-acid betaine gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion in which all of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.		3.85110amino-acid betaineEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
glutaric acid
glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.		3.74100alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		6.83181alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		4.140alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
glycocyamine
glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.		2.4920guanidinoacetic acids;
zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		2.9340carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
homogentisic acid
Homogentisic Acid: Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.. homogentisic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions.		210dihydroxyphenylacetic acid;
hydroquinones		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
itaconic acid
itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		2.7620dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid;
olefinic compound		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		5.1831aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.2510dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		2.3110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.9440alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.1310cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		2.4110acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.8220pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		3.8321pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.4420pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		7.42152long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid
phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.		2102-oxo monocarboxylic acidchromogenic compound;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		210benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		4.0830phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		2.2110benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		2.0310pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		5.0490saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
putrescine
[no description available]		2.1710alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		3.4711methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		4.83902-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
spermine
[no description available]		2.2110polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		6.3670alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
succinic semialdehyde
succinic semialdehyde: structure		2.2510aldehydic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taurine
[no description available]		2.5820amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trimethyloxamine
trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.		5.0521tertiary amine oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
osmolyte
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		3.0240uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.4260isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine
2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine: inhibitor of phenethanolamine N-methyltransferase; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0210
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.0710aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.2110chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.0610acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		2.7730acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.0610aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		2.3110benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
berberine
[no description available]		2.2110alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		2.4520dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		2.31102-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clofibric acid
Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.		2.0510aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist
dantrolene
Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.		2.2110hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione		muscle relaxant;
neuroprotective agent;
ryanodine receptor antagonist
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		2.0610ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.0710organic cation
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		5.39131branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		2.0810nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		2.9910aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0610phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.0210benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		3.5611cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.2510monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lamotrigine
[no description available]		2.05101,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lauric acid
dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.		2.5320medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.1510cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.821aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.0210amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		2.610phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		2.99101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
sk&f 29661
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-sulfonamide: structure		2.0210
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		2.4820long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
succinylacetone
succinylacetone: inhibitor of heme biosynthesis. 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia.		3.4570beta-diketone;
dioxo monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite
tyramine
[no description available]		2.3110monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
vigabatrin
[no description available]		2.0110gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.1110aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.17101,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
corticosterone
[no description available]		2.11011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		2.1310glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.61204-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		5.12312-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		3.71302-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		3.1750alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.5420L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.9121amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.4620aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		2.311017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		2.0410adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		2.1710amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.6920amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		2.0310adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		6.0981amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-aminoisobutyric acid
2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.		2.21102,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion;
2,2-dialkylglycine
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.4470aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		4.6951amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.		3.064017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
mannitol
[no description available]		2.0210mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		2.5320non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		2.2110amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		2.8630amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		4.1521L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.610amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		3.9100erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		5.9271aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		5.3860arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.9540aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
pivalic acid
pivalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pivalic acid : A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.		2.1110branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid
pyridoxic acid
Pyridoxic Acid: The catabolic product of most of VITAMIN B 6; (PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) which is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxic acid : A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxate : A pyridoxate that is the conjugate base of 4-pyridoxic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.1710hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		2.0710organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.0810xanthene
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		2.6105-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
methyl gallate
methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.		1.9910gallate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		210short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
diethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.2110diester;
phthalate ester		androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser
2-ethylhexanoic acid
2-ethylhexanoic acid: structure in first source; wood preservative; 2-ethylhexanoic acid is active ingredient in Sinesto B		2.1310branched-chain fatty acid
pregnenolone
[no description available]		2.151020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		4.48111,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		3.36201,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.5120azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		3.811heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
perfluorooctanoic acid
perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.		2.0710fluoroalkanoic acidcarcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
surfactant;
xenobiotic
aminoimidazole carboxamide
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.		2.3110aminoimidazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide		mouse metabolite
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		3.1130amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
perfluorobutyric acid
perfluorobutyric acid: ion pairing reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorobutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated butyric acid.		2.0310fluoroalkanoic acidchromatographic reagent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1710alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfur-containing amino acid;
thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antidote;
antioxidant;
hepatoprotective agent
ninhydrin
Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.		2.0410aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
indanones;
ketone hydrate		colour indicator;
human metabolite
isovaleric acid
isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid.		2.1510branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
methylbutyric acid;
short-chain fatty acid		mammalian metabolite;
plant metabolite
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		2.1710thiazolidine
tridecanedioic acid
tridecanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is undecane substituted by carboxylic acid groups at positions C-1 and C-11.		2.1510alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidmetabolite
maleimide
[no description available]		2.0810dicarboximide;
maleimides		EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
2-hydroxybutyric acid
2-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hydroxybutyric acid : Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.. 2-hydroxybutyric acid : A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.		2.57202-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
ethylmalonic acid
ethylmalonic acid: don't confuse with diethyl malonate, which is a diester. ethylmalonate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of ethylmalonic acid.. ethylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid obtained by substitution of one of the methylene hydrogens of malonic acid by an ethyl group.		2.0110dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		2.7930acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
dodecanedioic acid
dodecanedioic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is dodecane in which the methyl groups have been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acids.		2.0210alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
ethylnitrosourea
Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.		2.4220N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		3.8621alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.2510selenoamino acid;
selenomethionines		plant metabolite
acadesine
[no description available]		2.31101-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.		2.1110cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene		human metabolite
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.0110amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		2.0510chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		1.9910D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
sodium sulfate
[no description available]		2.2510inorganic sodium salt
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		3.5480dihydrogen
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		3.5270
phytanic acid
Phytanic Acid: A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (REFSUM DISEASE) this lipid may comprise as much as 30% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.. phytanic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15.		2.4420branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		4.3441benzenes;
phenyl acetates
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		4.761glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		2.0710polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		2.0610cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.1510azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.3110taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		2.0810beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.0210catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
enilconazole
enilconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. enilconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.. 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group.		2.4110dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
bezafibrate
[no description available]		3.5780aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		2.0510acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
atorvastatin
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		2.99101,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		2.0310adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
4-pentenoic acid
4-pentenoic acid: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. pent-4-enoic acid : A pentenoic acid having the double bond at position 4.		210pentenoic acid
3-aminoisobutyric acid
3-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-aminoisobutyric acid : A beta-amino-acid that is isobutyric acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by an amino group.		2.1510amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		metabolite
cholesteryl sulfate
cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.		2.0510steroid sulfatehuman metabolite
nile red
nile red : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one substituted at position 9 by a diethylamino group.		2.0510aromatic amine;
cyclic ketone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.0810glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate
trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate: deprotecting cpd for peptides		2.1110
sinefungin
[no description available]		2.4120adenosines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
methacycline
[no description available]		2.06101,2-diglyceride
hydracrylic acid
3-hydroxypropionic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.05103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.31103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
triheptanoin
[no description available]		4.7821
beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid
3-hydroxyisovaleric acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.		2103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid
1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid: RN from CHEMID. 1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid : An oxopurine that is uric acid in which the hydrogens at positions 1,3,7 and 9 are replaced by methyl groups. It is a purine alkaloid that is found in Chinese tea known as kucha (Camellia assamica var. kucha) and exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.		2.1710oxopurine;
purine alkaloid		analgesic;
anti-inflammatory agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		2.0410aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
we 201
We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure		2.1310
coenzyme a
[no description available]		6.9790adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
equol
Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.		3.811hydroxyisoflavans
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		2.7830amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gamma-tocopherol
gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.		3.4111tocopherol;
vitamin E		algal metabolite;
food antioxidant;
plant metabolite
21-deoxycortisol
21-deoxycortisol: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; structure. 21-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.		2.311011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
deoxycortisol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite
indole-3-lactic acid
indole-3-lactic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(indol-3-yl)lactic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		2.1710hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indol-3-yl carboxylic acid		human metabolite
dansyl hydrazine
[no description available]		2.2510
n-caproylglycine
N-hexanoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as hexanoyl.		2.0310N-acylglycinemetabolite
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1-hexadecanol
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1-hexadecanol: intermediate in conversion of phytol to phytanic acid		2.1510
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		3.4711
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		2.1510glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.1110N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
propionylcarnitine
propionylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		6.26170O-acylcarnitineanalgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cardiotonic drug;
human metabolite;
peripheral nervous system drug
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		210short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable		2.0810straight-chain fatty acid
stachydrine
stachydrine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (S)-isomer; structure. L-proline betaine : An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.		3.4711alkaloid;
amino-acid betaine;
N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
plant metabolite
iodofiltic acid
iodofiltic acid: labeled with 123 I for myocardial imaging; RN given refers to unlabeled, non-isomeric cpd		210
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		2.5320fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ly 134046
LY 134046: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0210
s-nitroso-n-acetylcysteine
S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine: activates bovine coronary arterial & rat hepatic soluble guanylate cyclase; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.1110
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate: structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine, also of carnitine; antianginal compound; MET-88 is dihydrate; structure given in first source. meldonium : An ammonium betaine that is beta-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a trimethylamino group. A clinically used cardioprotective drug that is used for treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis and diabetes.		2.4220ammonium betainecardioprotective agent;
EC 1.14.11.1 (gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: potent reversible inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; structure. 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hacing chloro substituents at the 7- and 8-positions.		2.0210isoquinolines;
organochlorine compound
pristanic acid
pristanic acid : A branched, long-chain saturated fatty acid composed of pentadecanoic acid having methyl substituents at the 2-, 6-, 10- and 14-positions.		2.7330branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid		human metabolite
4'-bromophenacyl triflate
[no description available]		2.0210
valproylcarnitine
[no description available]		2.0610
methylenecyclopropylglycine
methylenecyclopropylglycine: structure given in first source		2.4110
phytol
[no description available]		2.1510
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		5.0242amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-methylacetoacetic acid
2-methylacetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetoacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group.		2.01103-oxo monocarboxylic acid
alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyrate
2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid: metabolite from isoleucine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid which is substituted by a methyl group and a hydroxy group at positions 2 and 3, respectively.		2.45203-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
isobutyryl-1-carnitine
O-isobutyryl-L-carnitine : An optically active form of O-isobutyrylcarnitine having (R)-configuration.		2.5320methyl-branched fatty acyl-L-carnitine;
O-isobutyrylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite
lauroylcarnitine
lauroylcarnitine: RN refers to hydroxide inner salt, (R)-isomer. O-lauroyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as lauroyl (dodecanoyl).		3.0240dodecanoate ester;
O-dodecanoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine
symmetric dimethylarginine
N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions		4.1610amino acid zwitterion;
dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		5.6951biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-heptadecylresorcinol
5-heptadecylresorcinol : A 5-alkylresorcinol that is resorcinol which is substituted by a heptadecyl group at position 5. It is found in wheat bran.		2.6105-alkylresorcinolantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
3-hydroxyglutaric acid
3-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 3 hydroxy carboxylic acid that is glutaric acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a diagnostic marker for glutaric aciduria type I.		2.94403-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid		human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
spiropentaneacetic acid
spiropentaneacetic acid: structure given in first source		2.0110
butyrylcarnitine
butyrylcarnitine: structure in first source. O-butanoyl-L-carnitine : An optically active form of O-butanoylcarnitine having L-configuration.. O-butanoylcarnitine : A C4-acylcarnitine that is the O-butanoyl derivative of carnitine.		3.1450O-butanoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		metabolite
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.251012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		2.251017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		2.9140adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine
5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.		2.5120thioadenosinealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		4.890
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		2.5220
pantetheine
Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.		2.1710pantetheines;
thiol		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dithioerythritol
[no description available]		2.15101,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diolreducing agent
cortodoxone
Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.		2.3110deoxycortisol;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
indican
[no description available]		2.1310beta-D-glucoside;
exopolysaccharide;
indolyl carbohydrate
sodium arsenite
sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.		2.1710arsenic molecular entity;
inorganic sodium salt		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
herbicide;
insecticide;
rodenticide
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.		3.250acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		2.520retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA where the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration.		2.21103-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA;
3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		2.5720retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
palmitoleic acid
hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.2510hexadec-9-enoic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		8.54134octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		3.511icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
keratan sulfate
Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.		2.1310
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
pantethine
pantethine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. pantethine : An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group.		2.1710organic disulfidecoenzyme;
nutraceutical
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		6.29121flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
isoxanthohumol
isoxanthohumol: structure in first source		3.5311flavanones
n-isovalerylglycine
N-isovalerylglycine: urinary metabolite of isovaleric acid in isovaleric acidemia (sweaty feet syndrome). N-isovalerylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as isovaleryl.		2.0510N-acylglycinehuman urinary metabolite
elaidic acid
[no description available]		2.4420octadec-9-enoic acidfood component
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		2.5220flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		4.3770malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
palmitoyl coenzyme a
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.		2.743011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
3-substituted propionyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA;
palmitoyl bioconjugate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.45111,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
3-methylglutaconic acid
(E)-3-methylglutaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid comprising (E)-glutaconic acid carrying a 3-methyl substituent.		2.0110dicarboxylic acid
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		4.1740cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		2.1710thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
tamoxifen
[no description available]		2.3110stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
krn 7000
KRN 7000: has an alpha-galactosylceramide structure; structure given in first source. alpha-galactosylceramide : A galactosylceramide in which the galactosyl residue has alpha anomeric conofiguration.. 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine : A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.610glycophytoceramide;
N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine		allergen;
antigen;
antineoplastic agent;
epitope;
immunological adjuvant
safingol
safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R*,S*))-isomer		2.2510amino alcohol
gw 7647
GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
ureas		PPARalpha agonist
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		3.0440sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.8630biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.610D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		3.8121linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
erucic acid
[no description available]		2.2510docosenoic acid
11-octadecenoic acid
11-octadecenoic acid: vaccenic acid is the (E)-isomer. trans-vaccenic acid : The trans- isomer of vaccenic acid.		210vaccenic acid
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0610ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
glyceryl 2-arachidonate
glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.		2.21102-acylglycerol 20:4;
endocannabinoid		human metabolite
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		3.3811retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.5220sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		2.610medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		2.02101-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		5.932111-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.0110cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.0410adenosines
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		3.0640cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.2110monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
docosapentaenoic acid
docosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C22 fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid : The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions.		3.511docosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.		210
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		2.5520chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
3-methylbutyrylcarnitine
3-methylbutyrylcarnitine: affects 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity in intact mitochondria of rat muscle; RN given refers to (R)-isomer. O-isovalerylcarnitine : A C5-acylcarnitine having isovaleryl as the acyl substituent.		4.0640C5-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
hexanoylcarnitine
hexanoylcarnitine: RN given refers to chloride salt; RN for parent cpd not available 11/89. O-hexanoylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine compound having hexanoyl as the acyl substituent.		3.9440hexanoate ester;
O-acylcarnitine		human metabolite
linoleamide
linoleamide: C18-H33-N-O. linoleamide : A fatty amide obtained from linoleic acid.		2.1310primary fatty amidehuman metabolite
thermozymocidin
thermozymocidin: a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor; FTY720 is an analog		2.2110alpha-amino fatty acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sphingoid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
tiglylglycine
tiglylglycine: RN is from 9th CI. tiglylglycine : An N-acylglycine that is glycine with an amine hydrogen substituted by a 2-methylbut-2-enoyl (tiglyl) group.		2.110N-acylglycinemetabolite
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		210phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triacsin c
triacsin C: from Streptomyces No. 1228; structure given in first source; an acyl-CoA synthetase antagonist. triacsin C : A nitroso compound that is N-undecylnitrous hydrazide carrying double bonds at positions 1,2,4, and 7. It is a long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor and interferes with lipid metabolism by inhibiting the de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters.		2.1310hydrazone;
nitroso compound;
olefinic compound		antimalarial;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.64 (retinoid isomerohydrolase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		1.9610
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.5420aromatic ether
cystathionine
Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.		3.8421cysteine derivative
decanoylcarnitine
decanoylcarnitine: therapeutic agent for diabetic acidosis; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-decanoylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine compound having decanoyl as the acyl substituent.		2.8330decanoate ester;
O-acylcarnitine		human urinary metabolite
crizotinib
Crizotinib: A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that has R configuration at the chiral centre. The active enantiomer, it acts as a kinase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)		2.25103-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amineantineoplastic agent;
biomarker;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		2.0710
hypoglycin a
hypoglycin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hypoglycin A : A diastereoisomeric mixture of (2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)- hypoglycin A, found in the edible part of the fruit of the Ackee, Blighia sapida (where the 2S,4R diastereoisomer is more dominant (17% d.e.) than its 2S,4S counterpart) as well as in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus).		3.0840L-alpha-amino acid
octanoylcarnitine
octanoylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-octanoyl-L-carnitine : The L-enantiomer of an O-octanoylcarnitine.		6.04130O-octanoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite
palmitoylcarnitine
Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).		7.18271O-palmitoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		2.0810organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		3.511peptide hormone
liraglutide
[no description available]		2.3110lipopeptide;
polypeptide		glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		3.511
incretins
Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.		2.0710
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		4.2431
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		8.092411,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		2.0610
lucifer yellow
lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt		2.0710organic lithium saltfluorochrome
sodium oxybate
Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.		2.0810
stearates
Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.		2.110
glycolipids
[no description available]		5.99221
hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.		2.4620
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		3.710
oleoylcarnitine
oleoylcarnitine: adenine nucleotide translocase antagonist; RN given refers to (Z)-(+-)-isomer. (R)-oleoylcarnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as oleoyl.		2.0810monounsaturated fatty acyl-L-carnitineglycine transporter 2 inhibitor;
human metabolite
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		2.4110
glutarylcarnitine
glutarylcarnitine: found in glutaric aciduria type 1		3.360O-acylcarnitine
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.1110benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine
3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine having 3-hydroxyisovaleryl as the acyl substituent.		4.5551O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.1110
lysophosphatidylethanolamine
lysophosphatidylethanolamine : A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.		2.520
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		3.8921
gsk3235025
GSK3235025: an inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5); structure in first source		2.4110
amikacin
(R)-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine : An O-hydroxybutyryl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as 3-hydroxybutyryl.		4.3531hydroxy-fatty acyl-L-carnitine;
O-hydroxybutyryl-L-carnitine
3-methylglutarylcarnitine
3-methylglutarylcarnitine: diagnostic metabolite of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency; structure given in first source. O-3-methylglutarylcarnitine : An O-methylglutarylcarnitine compound having 3-methylglutaryl as the acyl substituent.		3.6620O-methylglutarylcarnitinemetabolite
pivaloylcarnitine
O-pivaloylcarnitine : A C5-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is pivaloyl.		3.3560C5-acylcarnitinemetabolite
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		2.0510
insulin glargine
Insulin Glargine: A recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.		3.5611
guanine
[no description available]		2.71302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		2.1710nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		2.1710inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sapropterin
sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).		2.25105,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterincoenzyme;
cofactor;
diagnostic agent;
human metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		1.9410folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		2.9910benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		2.9910benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.		2.2510
trypsinogen
Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)		2.0810
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		3.3960
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		210non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		210glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
5-deazaaminopterin
5-deazaaminopterin: structure given in first source		1.9610
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.3720dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		1.9610dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
nadp
[no description available]		1.9710
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		3.2360folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
lometrexol
lometrexol: RN & structure given in first source;		1.9810
5-deaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
5-deaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (6R)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89; RN & structure given in first source		1.9810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		06.24220
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		06.24220
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		06.76120
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		011.44494
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		014.36788
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		013.2457
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		04.9380
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		014.36788
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		06.76120
Latent Infection
Delayed infection of the host by a dormant or inactive pathogen.		02.3110
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		08.66221
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		08.66221
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		05.85220
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		05.85220
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		011.36140
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		08.41720
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		010.05970
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		08.41720
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		010.05970
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		05.92170
Metastase
[description not available]		05.7130
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		05.7130
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		03.250
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		06.44151
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		03.250
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		06.44151
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		013.25492
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		012.393913
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		014.72459
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		013.25492
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		114.393913
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		017.5620212
Acrania
[description not available]		06.21120
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		011.21120
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		012378
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		012378
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		010.68481
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.		010.68481
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		05.8183
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		05.8183
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		010.79800
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		010.79800
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		014.547712
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		014.547712
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		012.08433
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		07.15290
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		114.08433
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		03.7490
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		03.7490
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		09.641390
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.9330
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		05.04140
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		05.04140
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		05.84120
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		04.94120
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		011.93883
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		03.7180
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		08.98441
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		013.98441
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		03.7180
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		04.6640
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		04.6640
Glycogenosis
[description not available]		02.5120
Glycogen Storage Disease
A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.		02.5120
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.7430
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		03.0240
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.7430
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		03.0240
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		03.3310
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		0146823
Amentia
[description not available]		07.6121
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		07.6121
Duncan Disease
[description not available]		02.4110
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.		02.4110
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		03.1150
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		03.1150
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		010.47575
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		04.4240
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		06.64100
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		06.64100
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		010.47575
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		04.4240
Arsenic Encephalopathy
[description not available]		04.7460
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		03.3310
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.8830
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.8830
Genome Instability
[description not available]		04.2860
CBS Deficiency
[description not available]		09.15281
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12
[description not available]		010.69422
Homocystinuria
Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)		09.15281
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)		010.69422
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		015.885433
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		117.885433
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		03.4270
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		02.920
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		03.4270
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		02.920
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		03.3870
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		08.3870
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		05.5230
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		05.5230
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		020.698716
Chickungunya Fever
[description not available]		02.610
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.5680
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		02.610
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		08.5680
Clostridioides difficile Infection
[description not available]		02.610
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.		02.610
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		02.610
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.610
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.		02.5520
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		03.1440
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		03.1440
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		012.44364
Anoxemia
[description not available]		06.04160
MODS
[description not available]		02.7220
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		02.610
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		06.04160
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		02.7220
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		06.5962
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		05.341
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		02.610
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		02.5220
Deficiency, Folic Acid
[description not available]		013.17834
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		013.17834
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		08.75281
Centriacinar Emphysema
[description not available]		02.610
Emphysema
A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.		02.610
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		08.75281
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.9130
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.9130
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		09.27284
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		05.5663
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		010.5663
Autism
[description not available]		07.39111
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		07.39111
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		06.15121
Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.2110
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		011.15121
Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute
An acute leukemia exhibiting cell features characteristic of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and probably arising from MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS.		02.2110
Aspergillus Infection
[description not available]		02.2510
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		06.7883
Aspergillosis
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		02.2510
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		03.5270
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		08.5270
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		015.046627
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		015.046627
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		02.5420
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		02.5420
Cancer of Gallbladder
[description not available]		02.2510
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.		02.2510
Grippe
[description not available]		05.1531
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		05.1531
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		03.8430
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		03.7430
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		04.5990
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		03.8430
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		03.7430
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		03.0540
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		03.0540
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		06.52190
Harelip
[description not available]		02.3110
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		02.3110
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		07.3110
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		07.3110
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		04.2750
Cytokine Release Syndrome
A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.		03.1710
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		04.2750
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		04.2750
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.8330
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		02.8330
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		03.5320
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		02.7620
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		05.81110
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		05.81110
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		05.881
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		05.881
Stillbirth
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.		09.2190
Fetal Distress
A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.		09.47110
Itching
[description not available]		012.25192
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		012.25192
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		09.57222
Atheroma
[description not available]		02.8630
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		014.57222
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		03.3970
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		03.3970
Cyst
[description not available]		02.3110
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn
[description not available]		08.78510
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		05.3590
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		08.27271
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		010.81881
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		05.3590
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		08.27271
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		010.81881
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus
[description not available]		02.3110
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.		02.3110
Aura
[description not available]		08.28202
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		08.28202
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.7220
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		02.7220
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		014.719111
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		014.719111
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		03.8840
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		03.8840
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		05.3641
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		05.3641
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		06.82112
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		06.82112
Hyperuricemia
Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.		04.3331
Post-Natal Depression
[description not available]		05.130
Depression, Postpartum
Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)		05.130
Cerebral Concussion
[description not available]		04.7221
Lassitude
[description not available]		016.19582
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		06.8952
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
[description not available]		03.6820
Brain Concussion
A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)		04.7221
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		016.19582
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		06.8952
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.		03.6820
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		04.3241
Clasp-Knife Spasticity
[description not available]		02.8630
Psychoses
[description not available]		03.5380
Muscle Spasticity
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)		02.8630
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		03.5380
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		04.8271
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		09.8271
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		05.4990
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		010.4990
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		07.44151
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		02.4220
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		02.4220
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		04.28190
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		02.5720
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		02.5720
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		08.4181
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		06.78170
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		08.4181
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		06.78170
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		07.87152
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		012.87152
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.5520
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.5520
Child Mental Disorders
[description not available]		02.5720
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).		02.5720
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.5920
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.5920
Adipocere
[description not available]		03.1750
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		07.94181
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		07.94181
E coli Infections
[description not available]		02.8730
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		02.1510
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		02.8730
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		09.89696
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.7130
Mental Retardation, X-Linked
A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS).		04.1250
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial
[description not available]		03.9340
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		04.03140
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		04.03140
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
[description not available]		017.53534
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.		012.53534
Adenoma Sebaceum
Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis		02.1710
Tuberous Sclerosis
Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.		02.1710
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		03.6380
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		03.6380
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		012.04458
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		012.04458
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.1710
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		02.5720
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		05.81220
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		02.5720
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		02.1710
African Sleeping Sickness
[description not available]		03.8540
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.		03.8540
Beuren Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1710
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		09.88185
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		02.1710
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		09.88185
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		02.1710
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		06.0150
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		06.0150
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		04.7971
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		02.1710
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		02.1710
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		04.7971
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome
[description not available]		04.3841
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)		09.3841
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		06.7581
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		06.7581
Trypanosomiasis
Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.		02.4320
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1710
Progeria
An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.		02.1710
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		06.7471
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		06.7471
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		04.43210
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		03.6990
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		03.570
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		04.93140
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		03.6990
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		03.570
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		04.93140
Aneuploid
[description not available]		07.7230
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.2110
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		04.0750
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		03.0340
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		03.0340
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		02.520
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		02.520
Postoperative Cognitive Complications
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT or functional decline after a surgical procedure.		02.2110
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		04.7260
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		04.7260
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		03.0640
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		03.0640
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		010.63532
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		010.63532
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		02.0810
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		03.4470
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		02.0810
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		08.4470
P carinii Pneumonia
[description not available]		05.37130
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.		05.37130
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		06.73541
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		02.0810
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		02.0810
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		04.1860
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		06.55183
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.520
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.520
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		012.6961
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		03.9210
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		03.9210
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		07.6961
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		05.0852
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		09.12173
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		05.0852
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.		09.12173
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		07.7683
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		07.7683
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
[description not available]		02.9340
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		08.87392
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		08.87392
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.110
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.110
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		02.110
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.110
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		02.110
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		05.5961
Alcoholic Hepatitis
[description not available]		06.04120
Hepatitis, Alcoholic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		06.04120
Recrudescence
[description not available]		03.5380
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		04.9891
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		09.9891
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		04.5850
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		04.5850
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		013.6124
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		08.6124
Asymptomatic Conditions
[description not available]		02.5720
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		02.5720
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.3670
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		02.5720
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.3670
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		05.0752
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		05.0752
Malnourishment
[description not available]		06.7871
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		03.8940
Alcoholic Fatty Liver
[description not available]		06.35140
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		03.8940
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		06.7871
Deficiency, Vitamin B
[description not available]		05.67110
Vitamin B Deficiency
A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.		05.67110
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		04.89120
Leanness
[description not available]		02.7430
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		04.89120
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		05.16180
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		05.16180
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		03.79110
Break-Bone Fever
[description not available]		0340
Dengue
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.		0340
Refractory Depression
[description not available]		06.8242
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)		06.8242
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.4120
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		02.4120
Chronic Liver Failure
[description not available]		03.0110
End Stage Liver Disease
Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.		03.0110
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		02.110
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		02.110
Infections, Paramyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.110
Paramyxoviridae Infections
Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.		02.110
Biliary Tract Cancer
[description not available]		03.4811
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		03.4811
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		03.2660
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		04130
Infections, Reoviridae
[description not available]		02.1110
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		03.4811
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		0994
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		03.4811
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		01494
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.47260
Encephalitis, West Nile Fever
[description not available]		02.4720
West Nile Fever
A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)		02.4720
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain
[description not available]		04.470
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.		04.470
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.8130
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.7130
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.8130
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.7130
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		05.2443
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		05.2443
Deficiency, Pyridoxine
[description not available]		06.71131
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)		014.89342
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.830
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		015.03251
Hot Flashes
A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		03.5111
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		04.7721
Muscular Weakness
[description not available]		04.9581
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)		04.9581
Inborn Urea Cycle Disorder
[description not available]		03.7130
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		04.3740
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		0450
Aprosodia
[description not available]		03.0310
Gyrate Atrophy
Progressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood.		03.0310
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central
[description not available]		03.0310
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		04.3740
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		0450
Hyperammonemia
Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.		06.19111
Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn
Rare congenital metabolism disorders of the urea cycle. The disorders are due to mutations that result in complete (neonatal onset) or partial (childhood or adult onset) inactivity of an enzyme, involved in the urea cycle. Neonatal onset results in clinical features that include irritability, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, NEONATAL HYPOTONIA; RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS; HYPERAMMONEMIA; coma, and death. Survivors of the neonatal onset and childhood/adult onset disorders share common risks for ENCEPHALOPATHIES, METABOLIC, INBORN; and RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS due to HYPERAMMONEMIA.		03.7130
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		06.81221
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		06.81221
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		02.1310
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		02.1310
Hypernutrition
[description not available]		02.4820
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		02.1110
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		02.1110
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		03.4220
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		03.4220
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		03.6830
Metal Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		03.0410
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		03.6830
Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Dysfunctions in the metabolism of metals resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		03.0410
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		04.71110
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		02.1310
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.4120
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		07.4120
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		04.73110
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		04.73110
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		016.07552
Ache
[description not available]		016.65554
Fibromyalgia
A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)		021.07552
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		016.65554
Catheter-Associated Infections
[description not available]		02.1710
Intra-Abdominal Infections
[description not available]		02.1710
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.5920
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		02.1710
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		02.5920
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		02.1710
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		02.4920
Intraabdominal Infections
Infection within the PERITONEAL CAVITY. A frequent cause is an ANASTOMOTIC LEAK following surgery.		02.1710
Brain Dead
[description not available]		02.1310
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		02.420
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		02.420
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		02.1510
Nevi, Melanocytic
[description not available]		02.1510
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.1510
Nevus, Pigmented
A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.		02.1510
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.1510
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		02.1510
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		07.3693
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		02.6830
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		07.6830
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		02.1510
Jaundice, Cholestatic
[description not available]		08.1575
Jaundice, Obstructive
Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.		08.1575
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		05.2670
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		05.2670
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
[description not available]		02.4520
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic
Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.		02.4520
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		07.4420
Poisoning, Lead
[description not available]		03.0750
Lead Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.		03.0750
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		08.99312
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		08.99312
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.7130
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.7130
Bacterial Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.4320
Pneumonia, Bacterial
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.		02.4320
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		02.4120
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		02.4120
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		04.7721
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		04.7721
Acatalasemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0510
Deficiency, Vitamin E
[description not available]		03.4170
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		04.7421
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		02.9610
Flavivirus Infections
Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE.		02.0510
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		03.8840
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		02.0510
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		03.8840
Apoplexy
[description not available]		06.0752
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		04.942
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		06.0752
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		04.2331
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		02.9610
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		03.5280
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		07.8291
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		07.8291
Joint Pain
[description not available]		05.6721
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		07.8762
Coxarthrosis
[description not available]		03.4120
Osteoarthritis, Hip
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.		03.4120
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		05.6721
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		07.8762
Amaurosis
[description not available]		02.6630
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		02.6630
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		02.0510
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		05.0131
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.0510
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.4520
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.0510
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.4520
Mushroom Poisoning
Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties.		03.8521
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		02.0510
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		03.940
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		04.9931
Chronic Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Pancreatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.		02.0510
Angiospasm, Intracranial
[description not available]		02.0610
Vasospasm, Intracranial
Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).		02.0610
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		012.874516
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		012.874516
Vibrio cholerae Infection
[description not available]		02.0610
Cholera
An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.		02.0610
Neointima
The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.		07.0610
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		02.5220
Angiitis
[description not available]		02.0610
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		02.5220
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.0610
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.590
Sex Disorders
[description not available]		04.3711
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.		04.3711
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		04.3711
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		04140
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		04140
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		02.4320
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous
[description not available]		02.9810
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		03.6330
Pneumothorax
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.		02.9810
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		06.74164
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		06.74164
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		02.7330
Black Fever
[description not available]		02.4320
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		02.4320
Tauopathies
Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.		02.0710
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.6630
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.6630
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		06.5862
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		011.5862
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		02.9910
Suicidal Ideation
A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.		02.9910
Disease
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.		04.6740
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		02.0710
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0710
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.0710
Osteoporotic Fractures
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.		02.0710
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		02.0710
ADDH
[description not available]		03.821
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
[description not available]		03.4611
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		03.821
DiGeorge Syndrome
Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.		03.4611
Agenesis of Hemidiaphragm
[description not available]		02.0710
Diaphragmatic Hernia
[description not available]		02.0710
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital
Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of embryologic defects in the DIAPHRAGM often present in the neonatal period. It can be isolated, syndromic, non-syndromic or be a part of chromosome abnormality. Associated pulmonary hypoplasia and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION can further complicate stabilization and surgical intervention.		02.0710
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.		03.4611
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		03.630
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		03.630
Body Weight, Fetal
[description not available]		02.4320
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		04.3241
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		0310
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		0310
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		03.0750
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		03.3670
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		08.3670
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome
[description not available]		03.4711
Rett Syndrome
An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)		08.4711
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.0110
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0110
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System
[description not available]		02.0110
Bleeding
[description not available]		02.0110
Icterus
[description not available]		02.3720
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		02.0110
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		02.3720
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		03.9950
Sensation Disorders
Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).		02.0110
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		07.9640
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3820
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		02.3820
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		011.15123
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		02.9310
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		06.6972
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		02.9310
Asystole
[description not available]		03.9240
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		03.9240
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		02.4320
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		04.9380
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		04.9380
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		01.9410
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		01.9410
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.9340
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		02.0110
Hyperactivity, Motor
[description not available]		02.4220
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		02.0110
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		02.4720
Primate Diseases
Diseases of animals within the order PRIMATES. This term includes diseases of Haplorhini and Strepsirhini.		02.0210
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		07.4720
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		03.3320
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		03.3320
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		05.451
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		05.451
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.6930
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		02.0210
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.6930
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		02.0210
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		05.7842
Myelopathy
[description not available]		06.771
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		05.7842
Spinal Cord Diseases
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.		06.771
Bradykinesia
[description not available]		02.4120
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		03.6130
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		03.6130
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		04.6932
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		07.89110
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.8221
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		03.8221
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.9410
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		07.9410
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		04.3641
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		04.3641
Trichomoniasis, Human
[description not available]		02.0210
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		02.0210
Trichomonas Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.		02.0210
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.4820
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0210
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		03.5890
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		03.5890
Blastomyces brasiliensis Infection
[description not available]		02.9410
Hyperoxia
An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.		07.0310
Abnormal Movements
[description not available]		03.3820
Chromosomal Instability
An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.		02.0310
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.0310
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0310
Analgesic Overuse Headache
[description not available]		02.0310
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		011.041410
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		011.041410
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.0310
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.0310
Absence of Brain, Congenital
[description not available]		02.0310
Embryopathies
[description not available]		03.2560
Cleft Spine
[description not available]		02.0310
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.0310
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)		02.0310
Intestinal Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.0310
Colonic Polyps
Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		04.1231
Deficiency, Riboflavin
[description not available]		03.3220
Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		03.7921
Hepatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.		03.7921
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		05.08120
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0410
Avitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3420
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.		02.0410
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		02.7430
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0630
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.		04.0630
Anemia, Megaloblastic
A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.		03.7940
Anoxia, Brain
[description not available]		02.6630
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		05.22200
Fra(X) Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9610
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome
[description not available]		01.9610
Fragile X Syndrome
A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)		01.9610
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		04.3880
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		03.2260
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		03.2260
Clerambault Syndrome
[description not available]		03.5830
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		03.3570
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo
[description not available]		03.3511
Vertigo
An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)		03.3511
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		04.0831
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		09.0731
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		04.0831
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.3720
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		02.3720
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		01.9610
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		02.7130
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		02.7130
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		04.26170
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		04.26170
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		02.6630
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		02.6630
Adiadochokinesis
[description not available]		01.9610
Palsy
[description not available]		01.9610
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)		01.9610
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		01.9610
Leukemia L5178
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.		02.3720
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.6530
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.6530
Arthropathies
[description not available]		03.7421
Spinal Diseases
Diseases involving the SPINE.		03.3411
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		03.3411
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		03.7421
Amblyopia, Developmental
[description not available]		01.9610
Deficiency, Thiamine
[description not available]		01.9610
Amblyopia
A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.		01.9610
Thiamine Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)		01.9610
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.3620
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		02.3620
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.260
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		01.9610
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		01.9610
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		05.771
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		05.771
Anemia, Macrocytic
Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).		01.9610
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		03.0750
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		01.9510
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		01.9510
HbS Disease
[description not available]		02.3620
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		02.3620
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.6830
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		03.2160
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		03.1650
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		03.1650
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		01.9510
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		01.9510
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex
[description not available]		04.6140
AIDS Dementia Complex
A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)		04.6140
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver
[description not available]		03.0850
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		04.5330
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		04.5330
Cardiac Death
[description not available]		01.9810
Spherocytosis, Hereditary
A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.		01.9810
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		01.9810
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		01.9810
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		01.9810
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		01.9810
ATLL
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		01.9810
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
[description not available]		02.3920
Hepatoblastoma
A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9810
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		02.3820
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		02.3820
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		02.910
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		02.910
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		05.95110
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		05.95110
Briquet Syndrome
[description not available]		03.3711
Somatoform Disorders
Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)		03.3711
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		02.6730
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		01.9810
Action Tremor
[description not available]		03.2360
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		03.2360
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		01.9810
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Retinoblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)		01.9810
Deficiency, Vitamin A
[description not available]		02.3820
Vitamin A Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)		02.3820
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		01.9910
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		01.9910
Teratocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9910
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		02.3820
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic
[description not available]		02.420
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		02.9110
Histomoniasis
[description not available]		02.9110
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		02.9110
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		02.3820
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		02.3820
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		01.9910
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		01.9910
Encephalitis, Viral
Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.		02.4320
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		05.5361
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		05.5361
Emesis
[description not available]		03.150
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		02.6630
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		03.150
Cranial Nerve II Diseases
[description not available]		0210
Optic Nerve Diseases
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.		0210
Chromosomal Breakage
[description not available]		02.9110
Viral Hepatitis, Human
[description not available]		04.7121
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).		04.7121
Dysesthesia
[description not available]		02.9210
Sclerosis
A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.		02.9210
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		03.3820
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		02.9210
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia
[description not available]		0210
Dementia, Vascular
An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)		0210
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid
[description not available]		0210
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		02.8940
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)		0210
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		02.9210
Cadmium Poisoning
Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.		0210
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System
[description not available]		02.9210
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		0210
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		03.3911
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		02.4320
Besnoitiasis
[description not available]		0210
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		02.0110
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		02.0110
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		02.0110
Adenomatous Polyps
Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		08.3911
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.4820
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.4820
Hepatitis, Animal
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.		02.0110
Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue
Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves.		01.9510
Acid Aspiration Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Pneumonia, Aspiration
A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		01.9510
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		01.9510
Acute Rheumatic Fever
[description not available]		01.9510
Hyaline Membrane Disease
A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).		06.9510
Death, Sudden
The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.		02.3920
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		02.6830
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		02.6830
Adjustment Disorder
[description not available]		04.9533
Hypochondriacal Neuroses
[description not available]		03.3411
Psychophysiologic Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)		03.3411
Adjustment Disorders
Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after onset of the stressor. They are manifested by either impairment in social or occupational functioning or by symptoms (depression, anxiety, etc.) that are in excess of a normal and expected reaction to the stressor.		04.9533
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		01.9510
Cystine Diathesis
[description not available]		02.8610
Cystinosis
A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.		02.8610
Cystinuria
An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.		02.3920
Foreign-Body Reaction
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.		01.9510
Granulomas
[description not available]		01.9510
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		01.9510
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis
[description not available]		02.3820
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.		02.3820
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		03.3220
Porphyria
[description not available]		02.6630
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		02.6630
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.7630
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.7630
Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.3720
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		02.3720
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		01.9710
Amyotonia Congenita
[description not available]		02.4220
Neuromuscular Diseases
A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		02.4220
Vaccinia
The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.		01.9710
BH4 Deficiency
[description not available]		04.2160
Akinetic Autism
[description not available]		01.9710
Phenylketonurias
A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).		04.2160
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.8810
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		02.8810
Neuroses
[description not available]		03.3511
Neurotic Disorders
Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.		03.3511
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		02.8840
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		02.8840
Chromosomal Fragility
[description not available]		01.9710
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		02.3920
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		02.3920
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		03.3511
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		03.3511
Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary
Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism resulting in excessive amounts of bilirubin in the circulating blood, either because of increased bilirubin production or because of delayed clearance of bilirubin from the blood.		03.3511
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		01.9710
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		01.9710
Myofascial Trigger Point Pain
[description not available]		03.3511
Myofascial Pain Syndromes
Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on TRIGGER POINTS, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME.		03.3511
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		01.9710
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		01.9710
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.420
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.420
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		01.9710
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		01.9710
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective
[description not available]		01.9710
Carbohydrate Inducible Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).		01.9710
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV
A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.		01.9710
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		03.821
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		03.821
Pellagra
A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).		02.8810
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		02.8810
Gall Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.4120
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		01.9610
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		02.4120
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		02.4120
Albinism
General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.		01.9510
Carcinosarcoma
A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Disgerminoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		01.9410
Dysgerminoma
A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)		01.9410
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		01.9410
Carcinoma, Krebs 2
A transplantable neoplasm of mice.		01.9410
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		01.9410
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		01.9410
Deficiency, Protein
[description not available]		01.9410
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		03.7620
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma
[description not available]		02.8610
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		03.7620
Pinealoma
Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)		02.8610
Blood Protein Disorders
Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.		01.9510
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		02.3520
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		02.3520
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		01.9410
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		01.9410
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		03.8440
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9410
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		03.8440
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		01.9410
Orbital Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.		01.9410
Abdominal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.		01.9410
Luft Disease
[description not available]		04.67100
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		011.69993
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		04.17150
Mitochondrial Myopathies
A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.		04.67100
Cardiomyopathy, Chagas
[description not available]		02.3110
Chagas Cardiomyopathy
A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.		02.3110
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.3110
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		02.3110
Benign Essential Tremor
[description not available]		02.3110
Essential Tremor
A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10)		02.3110
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		011.082013
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.		03.8330
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		02.8220
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		02.8220
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		05.6651
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		05.6651
Placental Insufficiency
Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.		02.6620
Adenomyosis
The extension of endometrial tissue (ENDOMETRIUM) into the MYOMETRIUM. It usually occurs in women in their reproductive years and may result in a diffusely enlarged uterus with ectopic and benign endometrial glands and stroma.		02.4110
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		03.3310
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		03.3310
Sarcopenia
Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.		03.2140
Daytime Sleepiness
[description not available]		02.4110
Gelineau Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8130
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence
Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)		02.4110
Narcolepsy
A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)		02.8130
Vascular Calcification
Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.		02.4110
Cretinism
[description not available]		03.0120
Congenital Hypothyroidism
A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.		03.0120
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		03.8830
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		03.8830
Masked Hypertension
Phenomenon where increased BLOOD PRESSURE readings taken in non-clinical settings (e.g., HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING) do not replicate in clinical settings.		02.4110
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		03.3860
Gastritis, Atrophic
GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.		02.4110
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic
[description not available]		02.4110
Arthritis, Juvenile
Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.		02.4110
Electron Transfer Flavoprotein Alpha Subunit Deficiency
[description not available]		04.57220
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		03.6280
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		03.6280
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		07.13101
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		07.13101
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
[description not available]		03.8430
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.		03.8430
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases
[description not available]		04.2121
Deficiency Disease, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
[description not available]		02.610
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)		02.610
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.6620
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.6620
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		02.6920
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		02.610
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		02.6920
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		04.4570
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		04.4570
Lipid Metabolism Disorders
Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.		02.5120
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome
[description not available]		02.610
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.		02.610
Adrenoleukodystrophy, Autosomal Neonatal Form
[description not available]		04.3570
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis
[description not available]		03.0840
Adrenoleukodystrophy
An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).		03.0840
Peroxisomal Disorders
A heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders marked by absent or dysfunctional PEROXISOMES. Peroxisomal enzymatic abnormalities may be single or multiple. Biosynthetic peroxisomal pathways are compromised, including the ability to synthesize ether lipids and to oxidize long-chain fatty acid precursors. Diseases in this category include ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; rhizomelic chondrodysplasia (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC); hyperpipecolic acidemia; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy; and ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (X-linked). Neurologic dysfunction is a prominent feature of most peroxisomal disorders.		04.3570
African Swine Fever
A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and edema of the gallbladder. It is transmitted between domestic swine by direct contact, ingestion of infected meat, or fomites, or mechanically by biting flies or soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros).		02.610
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.610
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.		02.610
Central Nervous System Viral Diseases
Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces.		02.610
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.610
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.610
Acidemia Propionic
[description not available]		02.6320
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		03.2650
BCKD Deficiency
[description not available]		02.2110
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)		02.2110
Propionic Acidemia
Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE genes that result in dysfunction of branch chain amino acids and of the metabolism of certain fatty acids. Neonatal clinical onset is characterized by severe metabolic acidemia accompanied by hyperammonemia, HYPERGLYCEMIA, lethargy, vomiting, HYPOTONIA; and HEPATOMEGALY. Survivors of the neonatal onset propionic acidemia often show developmental retardation, and intolerance to dietary proteins. Late-onset form of the disease shows mild mental and/or developmental retardation, sometimes without metabolic acidemia.		02.6320
Bladder, Overactive
[description not available]		02.2510
Nycturia
[description not available]		02.2510
Nocturia
Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladder inflammation (CYSTITIS).		02.2510
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.		02.2510
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia
[description not available]		02.2110
Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Congenital
[description not available]		06.37131
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood
[description not available]		02.2510
Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
[description not available]		02.2510
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).		02.2510
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary
A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)		02.2510
Pleural Effusion, Malignant
Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.		02.2510
Acetonemia
[description not available]		05.1131
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		02.2510
Osteomyelitis
INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.		02.2510
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.2510
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked
[description not available]		02.2510
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		02.8930
Adolescent Obesity
[description not available]		03.7930
Fetal Macrosomia
A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.		02.2510
Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II
[description not available]		03.6411
Spinocerebellar Ataxias
A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)		03.6411
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		03.6411
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		03.6411
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		05.4472
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		05.4472
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		02.8230
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		02.8230
Acetyl-CoA:alpha-Glucosaminide N-Acetyltransferase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.2510
Mucopolysaccharidosis III
Mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by heparitin sulfate in the urine, progressive mental retardation, mild dwarfism, and other skeletal disorders. There are four clinically indistinguishable but biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme.		02.2510
Debility
[description not available]		02.9630
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		03.1710
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		03.1710
Hypospermatogenesis
[description not available]		02.2510
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
[description not available]		02.2510
Prostatitis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.		02.2510
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3110
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		02.3110
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.2510
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.5920
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		02.5920
Aspirin Induced Asthma
[description not available]		02.3110
Familial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia 1
[description not available]		02.2510
Congenital Hyperinsulinism
A familial, nontransient HYPOGLYCEMIA with defects in negative feedback of GLUCOSE-regulated INSULIN release. Clinical phenotypes include HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; SEIZURES; COMA; and often large BIRTH WEIGHT. Several sub-types exist with the most common, type 1, associated with mutations on an ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS (subfamily C, member 8).		02.2510
Cronobacter Infections
[description not available]		02.3110
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.		02.3110
Drug Refractory Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.2510
Lactic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.7530
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		02.9740
Acidosis, Lactic
Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.		02.7530
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.9740
Gulf War Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3110
Persian Gulf Syndrome
Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (Nature 1994 May 5;369(6475):8)		02.3110
Biotinidase Deficiency
The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN.		02.5520
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.		02.3110
Prediabetes
[description not available]		05.1291
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		05.1291
Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia
[description not available]		02.3110
Leukomalacia, Periventricular
Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)		02.3110
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		02.3110
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		02.3110
Abortion, Recurrent
[description not available]		02.3110
Abortion, Habitual
Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.		02.3110
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.1510
Asphyxia Neonatorum
Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1710
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic
[description not available]		02.1510
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		02.1510
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		02.1510
Adult Refsum Disease
[description not available]		02.4820
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		04.8821
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		04.8821
Hematoma, Subdural, Cranial
[description not available]		02.1710
Propofol Infusion Syndrome
Rare and often fatal drug complication which affects patients undergoing long-term treatment with high doses of PROPOFOL. It is characterized by METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; cardiovascular CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE; CARDIAC FAILURE; and KIDNEY FAILURE.		02.1710
Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial
Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE over the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE.		02.1710
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.1710
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		02.1710
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		02.5220
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.1710
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		02.1710
Carboxylase Deficiency, Combined
[description not available]		02.2110
Hyperphagia
Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.		04.4811
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase
[description not available]		02.1710
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I
An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood.		02.1710
Exfoliation Glaucoma
[description not available]		02.1710
Exfoliation Syndrome
The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)		02.1710
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		02.1710
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		02.1710
Altitude Hypoxia
Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.		02.1710
Altitude Sickness
Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.		02.1710
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		02.5120
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		02.5120
Calcification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
[description not available]		02.1710
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain
[description not available]		04.2260
Acute Radiation Syndrome
A condition caused by a brief whole body exposure to more than one sievert dose equivalent of radiation. Acute radiation syndrome is initially characterized by ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; VOMITING; but can progress to hematological, gastrointestinal, neurological, pulmonary, and other major organ dysfunction.		02.1710
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		02.1710
Choroid Neovascularization
[description not available]		02.1710
Wet Macular Degeneration
A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.		02.1710
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.1710
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.1710
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		02.1710
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		02.1710
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid
[description not available]		03.1210
Cerebral Palsy
A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)		03.1210
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		02.2110
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		02.2110
Encephalomyelitis, Subacute Necrotizing
[description not available]		02.2110
Leigh Disease
A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, ataxia, weakness, vision loss, eye movement abnormalities, seizures, dysphagia, and lactic acidosis. Pathological features include spongy degeneration of the neuropile of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Patterns of inheritance include X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial. Leigh disease has been associated with mutations in genes for the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; ATP synthase subunit 6; and subunits of mitochondrial complex I. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p850).		02.2110
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		02.4420
Encephalomyopathies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		02.0810
Myoglobinuria
The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.		02.4320
ARG1 Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0810
Hyperargininemia
A rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. It is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme ARGINASE. Arginine is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic HYPERAMMONEMIA may occur. Disease onset is usually in infancy or early childhood. Clinical manifestations include seizures, microcephaly, progressive mental impairment, hypotonia, ataxia, spastic diplegia, and quadriparesis. (From Hum Genet 1993 Mar;91(1):1-5; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p51)		02.0810
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		0310
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		0310
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.110
Anterior Horn Cell Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Bulbar Palsy
[description not available]		02.110
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.110
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		02.110
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		02.0810
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		02.0810
Atresia, Biliary
[description not available]		02.5220
Biliary Atresia
Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.		02.5220
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		02.1110
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		02.1110
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		03.1450
Hydrophobia
[description not available]		02.110
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.110
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).		02.110
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		02.5220
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.		02.1110
Neonatal Death
The death of a live-born INFANT less than 28 days of age.		02.1110
Cot Death
[description not available]		04.83120
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.1110
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		02.5220
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.1110
Encephalitis, Japanese B
[description not available]		02.1110
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		02.1110
Encephalitis, Japanese
A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)		02.1110
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.1110
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		02.1110
Plant Poisoning
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.		02.1110
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		03.0410
Systolic Heart Failure
[description not available]		04.4311
Heart Failure, Systolic
Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying.		04.4311
Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy
[description not available]		04.0550
Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
[description not available]		02.1310
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.		02.1310
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		02.5420
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		02.5420
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection
[description not available]		02.1310
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.1310
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		02.1310
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		02.1310
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
[description not available]		02.1510
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.		02.1510
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal
[description not available]		02.1510
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)		02.1510
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		03.0610
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		03.0610
Genetic Diseases
[description not available]		02.0410
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency
An autosomal recessive disorder affecting DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE and causing familial pyrimidinemia. It is characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Even a partial deficiency in the enzyme leaves individuals at risk for developing severe 5-FLUOROURACIL-associated toxicity.		02.0410
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.		02.0410
Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Zellweger Syndrome
An autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in PEROXISOME biogenesis which involves more than 13 genes encoding peroxin proteins of the peroxisomal membrane and matrix. Zellweger syndrome is typically seen in the neonatal period with features such as dysmorphic skull; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; visual compromise; SEIZURES; progressive degeneration of the KIDNEYS and the LIVER. Zellweger-like syndrome refers to phenotypes resembling the neonatal Zellweger syndrome but seen in children or adults with apparently intact peroxisome biogenesis.		02.0410
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.4420
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		02.0510
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		02.4420
Lipidoses
Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.		02.0510
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		02.0510
4 Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Deficiency Disease
[description not available]		02.9640
Tyrosinemias
A group of disorders which have in common elevations of tyrosine in the blood and urine secondary to an enzyme deficiency. Type I tyrosinemia features episodic weakness, self-mutilation, hepatic necrosis, renal tubular injury, and seizures and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetase. Type II tyrosinemia features INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, painful corneal ulcers, and keratoses of the palms and plantar surfaces and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme TYROSINE TRANSAMINASE. Type III tyrosinemia features INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp42-3)		02.9640
Pigmentary Retinopathy
[description not available]		02.0510
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.		02.0510
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Lowered Platelets
[description not available]		02.4420
HELLP Syndrome
A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION.		02.4420
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies
[description not available]		02.0510
Dunnigan Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle
A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy that can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are many forms (called LGMDs) involving genes encoding muscle membrane proteins such as the sarcoglycan (SARCOGLYCANS) complex that interacts with DYSTROPHIN. The disease is characterized by progressing wasting and weakness of the proximal muscles of arms and legs around the HIPS and SHOULDERS (the pelvic and shoulder girdles).		02.0510
Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial
Inherited conditions characterized by the partial loss of ADIPOSE TISSUE, either confined to the extremities with normal or increased fat deposits on the face, neck and trunk (type 1), or confined to the loss of SUBCUTANEOUS FAT from the limbs and trunk (type 2). Type 3 is associated with mutation in the gene encoding PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA.		02.0510
Exertional Heat Illness
[description not available]		02.0510
Suffocation
[description not available]		02.0510
Asphyxia
A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.		02.0510
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.4620
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.		02.0510
Hypoparathyroidism
A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.		02.0510
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		02.4620
Pervasive Child Development Disorders
[description not available]		05.1250
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.		05.1250
Lysosomal Enzyme Disorders
[description not available]		03.8720
Labhart-Willi Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4720
Prader-Willi Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)		02.4720
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.		02.7430
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		02.0710
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		02.0710
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		02.0710
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		02.0710
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.0710
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.0710
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		02.0810
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		02.0810
Failure to Thrive
A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.		02.0710
Infant Malnutrition
Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		02.0710
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		02.730
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.730
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.4120
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		02.4120
Decreased Muscle Tone
[description not available]		02.0110
Muscle Spasm
[description not available]		02.0110
Spasm
An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.0110
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		03.8510
Anemia, Cooley's
[description not available]		02.0210
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.		02.0210
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.0210
Polyneuropathy, Acquired
[description not available]		02.4320
Polyneuropathies
Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.		02.4320
Central Nervous System Cysts
Congenital or acquired cysts of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges which may remain stable in size or undergo progressive enlargement.		02.0310
Facies
The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		02.9610
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		0210
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I
[description not available]		0210
Acidosis, Renal Tubular
A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.		0210
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		02.420
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		02.420
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive
[description not available]		0210
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).		0210
Acne
[description not available]		03.3811
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		03.3811
Cardiac Output, Low
A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.		0210
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		02.9210
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		02.9210
Kidney, Polycystic
[description not available]		0210
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.		0210
Oligohydramnios
A condition of abnormally low AMNIOTIC FLUID volume. Principal causes include malformations of fetal URINARY TRACT; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; nicotine poisoning; and PROLONGED PREGNANCY.		0210
Anoxia, Fetal
[description not available]		0210
Fetal Hypoxia
Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.		0210
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
[description not available]		02.0110
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses
A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.		02.0110