cellular response to mercury ion

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus. [GOC:mah]

Cellular response to mercury ion is a complex process involving a cascade of events that ultimately aim to mitigate the toxic effects of mercury. Mercury, in its various forms, can readily penetrate cell membranes and interfere with a wide range of cellular processes. The initial encounter with mercury ions triggers a stress response within the cell. This response involves the activation of various signaling pathways, including the oxidative stress response, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and the inflammatory response. Oxidative stress occurs as mercury ions interact with cellular components, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to cellular dysfunction. The UPR is activated in response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which is a consequence of mercury's interference with protein folding machinery. The inflammatory response is triggered by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to further cellular damage. To counteract these detrimental effects, cells employ a variety of defense mechanisms. These include the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, to neutralize ROS. Furthermore, cells activate detoxification pathways to bind and remove mercury ions. These pathways involve the expression of specific proteins, such as metallothioneins, which can bind to mercury ions and sequester them. Additionally, cells may activate processes like autophagy to eliminate damaged organelles and proteins. If the cellular response is insufficient or overwhelmed by excessive mercury exposure, the cell may undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death) or necrosis. The ultimate outcome of cellular response to mercury ion depends on the concentration of mercury, the duration of exposure, and the cell's ability to mount an effective defense. The disruption of these cellular processes can have significant consequences, potentially leading to various pathologies including neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and developmental disorders.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (14)