Compounds > phenylalanylleucine
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

phenylalanylleucine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Phenylalanylleucine is a dipeptide composed of the amino acids phenylalanine and leucine. It is a naturally occurring compound found in various proteins and peptides. Research on phenylalanylleucine has focused on its potential roles in various biological processes, including:

- **Neurotransmitter modulation:** Studies suggest that phenylalanylleucine may influence the release and activity of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, potentially affecting mood, cognition, and behavior.

- **Antioxidant activity:** Phenylalanylleucine exhibits antioxidant properties, protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. This effect may be attributed to its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species.

- **Immunomodulatory effects:** Some studies indicate that phenylalanylleucine can modulate immune responses, potentially influencing the activity of immune cells and cytokine production.

- **Anti-inflammatory properties:** Phenylalanylleucine has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, reducing inflammation in certain experimental models.

- **Peptide synthesis and drug delivery:** Phenylalanylleucine has been incorporated into peptide-based drug delivery systems, potentially enhancing drug efficacy and targeting.

- **Bioavailability:** Phenylalanylleucine is a relatively stable compound with good bioavailability, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic applications.

It is important to note that research on phenylalanylleucine is still ongoing, and further investigations are needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications. Further studies are necessary to determine its safety and efficacy in humans.'

phenylalanylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID76808
CHEMBL ID37879
CHEBI ID91150
SCHEMBL ID1396480
MeSH IDM0103959

Synonyms (27)

Synonym
l-leucine, n-l-phenylalanyl-
PHE-LEU ,
phenylalanylleucine
CHEMBL37879 ,
3303-55-7
l-phenylalanyl-l-leucine
bdbm50027516
2-(2-amino-3-phenyl-propionylamino)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid
AKOS010420654
h-phe-leu-oh
RFCVXVPWSPOMFJ-STQMWFEESA-N
l-phe-l-leu
SCHEMBL1396480
CHEBI:91150
phenylalanyl-leucine
AS-58913
(2s)-2-[(2s)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido]-4-methylpentanoic acid
l-leucine, l-phenylalanyl-
J-018985
mfcd00038297
CS-0077187
(s)-2-((s)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)-4-methylpentanoic acid
Q27163086
DTXSID60954651
n-(2-amino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene)leucine
(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-azaniumyl-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoate
HY-W068839
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
plant metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
dipeptideAny molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
dipeptide zwitterionAny peptide zwitterion comprising two amino acid residues. Major structure at pH 7.3.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
NeprilysinRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)20.00000.00100.17022.3000AID67343
Angiotensin-converting enzymeMus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)700.00000.01150.01150.0115AID39781
NeprilysinMus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)20.00001.00001.00001.0000AID67343
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (5)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID3978150% Inhibitory potency against Angiotensin I converting enzyme from mouse striatum.1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 26, Issue:1
New carboxyalkyl inhibitors of brain enkephalinase: synthesis, biological activity, and analgesic properties.
AID233318Bitter threshold value1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID26797Partition coefficient (logP)1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID228722Bitter tasting threshold was expressed as log 1/T.1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-07, Volume: 38, Issue:14
Amino acid side chain descriptors for quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of peptide analogues.
AID6734350% Inhibitory potency against enkephalinase from mouse striatum.1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 26, Issue:1
New carboxyalkyl inhibitors of brain enkephalinase: synthesis, biological activity, and analgesic properties.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (8)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19903 (37.50)18.7374
1990's1 (12.50)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's2 (25.00)24.3611
2020's2 (25.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.98

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.98 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.20 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.18 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.98)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other8 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		1.9710N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
alanylalanine
alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9710dipeptide
alanine
[no description available]		1.9710alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion		fundamental metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		1.9710alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
n-acetylphenylalanine
N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.		1.9710N-acetyl-amino acid;
phenylalanine derivative		antidepressant;
metabolite
cysteine
[no description available]		1.9710cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		1.9710L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		1.9710aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		1.9710aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.3720amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		1.9710aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		1.9710non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		1.9710L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		1.9710erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		1.9710arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
glycyl-glycyl-glycine
glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.		1.9710tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
glycylglycine
[no description available]		2.3820dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite
norleucine
Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.		1.97102-aminohexanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		1.9710glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
norvaline
norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.		1.97102-aminopentanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent
phenylalanylphenylalanine
phenylalanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L,L)-isomer		2.1310
ethyl tyrosine ester
ethyl tyrosine ester: RN given refers to L-isomer. ethyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group has been replaced by an ethyl group.		1.9710ethyl ester;
L-tyrosyl ester
leucyltyrosine
leucyltyrosine: RN given refers to L-Tyr,L-Leu-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/93		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
tyrosine methyl ester
tyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is the methyl ester of L-tyrosine.		1.9710L-tyrosyl ester;
methyl ester
leucyl-glycyl-glycine
leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.		1.9710tripeptidemetabolite
acetylleucine
[no description available]		1.9710L-leucine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
leucylleucine
Leu-Leu : A dipeptide formed from two L-leucine residues.		2.3820dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer
[no description available]		1.9710
leucyl-alanine
Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
tryptophan ethyl ester
tryptophan ethyl ester: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9710
leucyl-leucyl-leucine
leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.		1.9710tripeptidemetabolite
tyrosylleucine
[no description available]		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
Trp-Trp
tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.		2.3820dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
glycyltryptophan
glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
glycyltyrosine
Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
glycylleucine
Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.3820dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
histidine methyl ester
histidine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. histidine methyl ester : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of histidine.		1.9710histidine derivative
alanyltyrosine
alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Ala-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-l-phenylalanine
glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.		2.3820dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite;
metabolite
n-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester
N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9710
leucylleucine
leucylleucine: RN given refers to (DL-Leu-DL-Leu)-isomer		2.1310peptide
alanylphenylalanine
alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source		1.9710oligopeptide
tryptophylglycine
Trp-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and glycine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
glycylaspartic acid
glycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
n-glycylglutamic acid
N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
histidylglycine
histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
glycylleucine
glycylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9610
methionylmethionine
methionylmethionine: has growth-promoting ability equal to DL-methionine; RN given refers to (DL-Met-DL-Met)-isomer. Met-Met : A dipeptide formed from two L-methionine residues.		2.1310
valylvaline
valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues.		2.3820dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
proctolin
proctolin: neurotransmitter in arthropods or invertebrates		1.9810
glycylglutamine
glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9810dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite;
protective agent
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanylarginine
phenylalanylarginine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Phe-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-phenylalanine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
aspartylglycine
Asp-Gly : A dipeptide composed of L-aspartic acid and glycine joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
prolyl-tyrosine
prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source. Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
n-valyltryptophan
N-valyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9810peptide
histidylleucine
His-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-leucine residues.		1.9810dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
isoleucylvaline
isoleucylvaline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ile-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-valine residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
Phe-Tyr
Phe-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
n-acetyltryptophan
N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.		1.9710L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
n-benzoylalanine
N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.		1.9710N-acyl-L-alanine;
N-benzoylalanine		metabolite
phenylalanine methyl ester
phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.		1.9710alpha-amino acid ester;
L-phenylalanine derivative
n-glycylalanine
Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
glycylvaline
glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.3820dipeptidehuman metabolite
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		2.730dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
glycyllysine
glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.2510
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		1.9610morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		2.1310chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
alanylalanine
L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9810dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phenylalanylalanine
phenylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Phe-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine residues.		1.9610dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
alpha-aspartylalanine
alpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain. Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
alanyltyrosine
Tyr-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-tyrosine and L-alanine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
prolylglycine
prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.		2.3820dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
phenylalanylglycine
phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
leucyl-phenylalanine
Leu-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-leucine and L-phenylalanine residues.		2.730dipeptidemetabolite
glutamylalanine
Glu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-alanyl-leucine
glycyl-alanyl-leucine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/91		1.9710peptide
glutaminyl-glycine
Gln-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-glutamine and glycine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
methionylglycine
methionylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Met-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and glycine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanylphenylalanine
Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.		2.3820dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion		human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
valylleucine
valylleucine: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Val-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-leucine residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanyl-valine
Val-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-phenylalanine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
alanylglycine
[no description available]		2.3820dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
valyltyrosine
valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate. Val-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
alpha-glutamyltryptophan
Trp-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanylproline
Phe-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-proline residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
lysylglycine
lysylglycine: structure in first source. Lys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
glycylhistidine
glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9810dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
prolylisoleucine
prolylisoleucine: RN refers to (L)-isomer. Pro-Ile : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-isoleucine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
isoleucyl-tyrosine
isoleucyl-tyrosine: a dipeptide with antihypertensive effect. Ile-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-tyrosine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
prolylvaline
Val-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
thymic humoral factor gamma 2
thymic humoral factor gamma 2: synthetic octapeptide thymic hormone which repairs immunodeficiency of mice cured of plasmacytoma by melphalan		2.2510
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