Compounds > alanine
Page last updated: 2024-12-04

alanine

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Description

Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that the human body can synthesize it. It is a building block for proteins and plays a role in various metabolic processes, such as glucose metabolism and the synthesis of other amino acids. Alanine is found in many foods, including meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, and beans. Research on alanine focuses on its potential therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of muscle wasting conditions and liver diseases. Alanine is also studied for its role in regulating blood glucose levels and its potential contribution to the development of certain diseases, including diabetes and cancer.'

Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5950
CHEMBL ID279597
CHEBI ID16977
MeSH IDM0000619
PubMed CID602
CHEMBL ID12198
CHEBI ID16449

Synonyms (273)

Synonym
AC-014
l-alanine, labeled with carbon-14
14c-l-alanine
(c14)l-alanine
gtpl720
l-ala
AKOS015840030
(s)-2-aminopropionic acid
alanina
CHEBI:16977 ,
(s)-2-aminopropanoic acid
l-alanin
D00012
alanine (usp)
l-alanine (jp17)
nsc 206315
alanine (van)
alanina [dcit,spanish]
(l)-alanine
einecs 200-273-8
propanoic acid, 2-amino-, (s)-
alaninum [latin]
alanine [usan:inn]
tocris-0205
NCGC00024494-01
l-2-aminopropanoic acid
(s)-alanine
.alpha.-alanine
nsc-206315
l-.alpha.-aminopropionic acid
propanoic acid, 2-amino-
l-.alpha.-alanine
.alpha.-aminopropionic acid
alanine, l-
propanoic acid, 2-amino-, (s)
(s)-alpha-aminopropionsaeure
alpha-aminopropionic acid
l-(+)-alanine
l-alpha-aminopropionic acid
hsdb 1801
l-alanine (9ci)
2-aminopropanoic acid, l-
(s)-(+)-alanine
(s)-2-aminopropionsaeure
l-s-aminopropionic acid
alpha-alanine
l-2-aminopropionsaeure
alanine, l- (7ci,8ci)
l-&alpha-alanine
l-2-aminopropionic acid
L-ALPHA-ALANINE ,
2-aminopropionic acid
alanine
C00041
l-alanine ,
56-41-7
(2s)-2-aminopropanoic acid
l-alanine, >=98% (tlc)
l-alanine, >=99%
l-alanine, from non-animal source, meets ep, usp testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, >=98.5%
DB00160
F4F207FF-8FF8-4789-99A1-147AE0A36673 ,
A0179
h-ala-oh
BMSE000028
CHEMBL279597 ,
77160-91-9
bdbm50000099
115967-49-2
A803529
(2s)-2-azanylpropanoic acid
A15652
(s)-2-aminopropanoic acid;h-ala-oh
unii-of5p57n2zx
ec 200-273-8
of5p57n2zx ,
alaninum
130380-93-7
26336-61-8
BMSE000994
l-a-aminopropionic acid
a-alanine
a-aminopropionic acid
l-a-alanine
l-alanine, labeled with tritium
AKOS010367904
25191-17-7
BP-13281
AM20100374
l-alanine [jan]
alanine [inn]
lysine acetate impurity c [ep impurity]
l-alanine [fcc]
alanine [usp monograph]
serine impurity a [ep impurity]
valine impurity a [ep impurity]
alanine [vandf]
alanine [who-dd]
l-alanine [usp-rs]
alanine [hsdb]
alanine [mi]
alanine [ii]
alanine [ep monograph]
alanine [usan]
alanine [inci]
S5631
gtpl4542
[14c]-alanine
gtpl4543
[3h]-alanine
[3h]alanine
[14c]alanine
ala-oh
racemic alanine
6898-94-8
3h-l-alanine
Q-201274
ritalanine
l-ch3ch(nh2)cooh
AC-24031
l-alanine, cell culture reagent (h-l-ala-oh)
mfcd00064410
F0001-2354
alanine, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
sr-01000597687
SR-01000597687-3
l-alanine, certified reference material, tracecert(r)
l-alanine, saj special grade, >=99.0%
l-alanine, bioultra, >=99.5% (nt)
l-alanine, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
l-alanine, purum, >=98.0% (nt)
l-alanine, >=99.0% (nt)
D84362
l-alanine, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
l-alanine, 99%, natural, fg
alanine (l-alanine)
J-015860
l-2-aminopropionate
a-aminopropionate
alpha-aminopropanoate
l-alpha-aminopropionate
2-ammoniopropanoic acid
alpha-aminopropanoic acid
l-2-aminopropanoate
(s)-2-amino-propanoic acid
(s)-2-amino-propanoate
alpha-aminopropionate
l-a-aminopropionate
(s)-2-aminopropanoate
HY-N0229
l alanine
alanine, l isomer
alanine, l-isomer
l-isomer alanine
CS-W020002
DTXSID20873899 ,
l-alanine,(s)
Q218642
EN300-52621
STR01663
CCG-266017
l-alanine powder
l-ala-2
STARBLD0003382
valine impurity a (ep impurity)
alaninum (latin)
alanine (ii)
lysine acetate impurity c (ep impurity)
serine impurity a (ep impurity)
alanine (ep monograph)
dtxcid001012092
alanine (usp monograph)
Z756424912
2-amino-propionic acid
d,l-alanine
nsc-7602
alanine, dl-
dl-.alpha.-alanine
dl-.alpha.-aminopropionic acid
nsc7602 ,
(.+-.)-alanine
dl-alanine
alanine, alpha
dl-2-aminopropanoic acid
alanin
CHEBI:16449 ,
(.+/-.)-alanine
dl-alpha-aminopropionic acid
(+-)-alanine
ai3-08908
einecs 206-126-4
dl-alpha-alanine
nsc 7602
dl-2-aminopropionic acid
(r,s)-alanine
(+-)-2-aminopropionic acid
(rs)-2-aminopropionsaeure
l(+)-alanine
nsc206315
2-aminopropanoic acid
302-72-7
C01401
nsc-158286
d(-)-.alpha.-alanine
nsc158286
dl-alanine, >=99% (hplc)
dl-alanine, >=99%, fcc, fg
STK125106
915B7CC8-31B0-4478-904B-D54B7ECC1E4D
A0178
h-dl-ala-oh
L001042
BMSE000282
CHEMBL12198
e639
FT-0657966
FT-0693448
FT-0661451
AKOS000119663
ccris 8596
1fu7983t0u ,
unii-1fu7983t0u
A820286
FT-0627654
FT-0625418
FT-0625415
FT-0624399
AM20090411
AB02601
fema no. 3818
dl-alanine [fcc]
(+/-)-2-aminopropanoic acid
(+/-)-2-aminopropionic acid
(+/-)-alanine
alanine dl-form [mi]
2-amino propanoic acid
dl-ala
(dl)-alanine
AKOS016039389
SY002277
AKOS024264604
l-alanine-2-13c-15n
alanine #
alanine, .alpha.
Q-101653
l-|a-aminopropionic acid
l-alanine extra pure
(r)-(-)-2-aminopropionic acid
l-alanine-15n;25713-23-9;h-[15n]ala-oh;332127_aldrich
mfcd00064408
DTXSID6031255
Z57396987
F1652-0639
dl-alanine, fcc, >=99%
dl-alanine, vetec(tm) reagent grade, 98%
l-alanine (3-13c)
(a-d-mannosyl)7-b-d-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-l-asparagine, isoform a (protein)
(alpha-d-mannosyl)7-beta-d-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-l-asparagine, isoform a (protein)
dl-aminopropionic acid,(s)
Q27101911
BCP26675
EN300-18224
BCP31944
h-d-ala-oh;(r)-alanine;(2r)-2-aminopropanoic acid
SY005245
CS-0022544
D72543
l-alanine (d7)
dl-alanine (3-13c)
HY-N2362
dl-alanine (2-13c)
l-alanine-c2
alanine-1,2,3-13c3

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Agonists of the glycine recognition site of NMDA receptors (D-serine and D-alanine) did not have any toxic effect in hippocampal cultures. A rise in alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and the development of infections were the most frequent adverse events.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The combination of cephalosporins with aminoglycosides increases the potential toxic effect on the proximal tubule."( Tubular-toxic effects of aminoglycosides and their combinations with cephalosporins.
Bindzi, C; Breier, J; Hendus, J; Maske, L; Mondorf, AW; Scherberich, JE; Schoeppe, W, 1979)		0.26
" Dose-dependent metabolism of methotrexate is unusual in that formation of the presumed toxic metabolite increases with increase in dose and is associated with a qualitative change in the pattern of drug toxicity at high compared to low doses of drug."( Dose-dependent metabolism, therapeutic effect, and toxicity of anticancer drugs in man.
Powis, G, 1983)		0.27
" The LD50 of L-alanosine (given intraperitoneally) was approximately 2 g/kg; L-5178Y/AR tumor, small intestine, liver, and lung were the tissues more consistently or severely damaged by the drug."( Determinants of the toxicity of L-alanosine to various organs of the mouse.
Cooney, DA; McGee, E; Thake, DC; Tyagi, AK, 1981)		0.26
"Ricin is a toxic glycoprotein made of two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by a disulfide bond."( Cytotoxic effects of ricin without an interchain disulfide bond: genetic modification and chemical crosslinking studies.
Mohanraj, D; Ramakrishnan, S, 1995)		0.29
" Valproate caused a dose-dependent increase in leakage of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), and glycine prevented this toxic response."( Effect of glycine on valproate toxicity in rat hepatocytes.
Gray, PD; Tolman, KG; Vance, MA, )		0.13
" In contrast to the general tendency in hydrophobicity-toxicity relationships, replacement of Asn27 yielded a more hydrophobic but less toxic analog and that of Met35 gave a less hydrophobic but more toxic one."( Correlation among secondary structure, amyloid precursor protein accumulation, and neurotoxicity of amyloid beta(25-35) peptide as analyzed by single alanine substitution.
Imahori, K; Maeda, T; Noguchi, K; Sato, K; Takashima, A; Wakamiya, A, 1995)		0.29
" DL-Buthionine-[S,R]-Sulfoximine (BSO) and Diethyl maleate (DEM) were used to potentiate the toxic effect of the bipyridyl."( Biochemical studies on the toxicity of 1, 1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridylium dichloride in the rat.
Nwabisi, VC; Nwanze, EA, 1997)		0.3
"To develop the safe formulation that can safely improve bioavailability of poorly absorbable drugs and that is practically available, we prepared the suppositories of rebamipide, a poorly soluble and poorly absorbable antiulcer drug, by employing the combinatorial use of sodium laurate (C12), an absorption enhancer, with taurine (Tau) or L-glutamine (L-Gln), an adjuvant exerting the cytoprotective action."( Development of suppository formulation safely improving rectal absorption of rebamipide, a poorly absorbable drug, by utilizing sodium laurate and taurine.
Higaki, K; Kamada, N; Kimura, T; Minami, T; Miyake, M; Mukai, T; Odomi, M; Ogawara, K; Oka, Y; Toguchi, H, 2004)		0.32
" Agonists of the glycine recognition site of NMDA receptors (D-serine and D-alanine) did not have any toxic effect in hippocampal cultures, whereas competitive blockade of the glycine site by 7-chlorokynurenic acid was neuroprotective."( Glycine-induced neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.
Barth, A; Barth, L; Newell, DW; Nguyen, LB, 2005)		0.33
" Adverse events reported by subjects taking 5-mg, 20-mg, or 40-mg doses were similar to those reported by subjects taking placebo."( Safety, tolerability, and changes in amyloid beta concentrations after administration of a gamma-secretase inhibitor in volunteers.
Dean, RA; Farlow, M; Gonzales, C; May, PC; Ness, D; Satterwhite, J; Siemers, E; Skinner, M, )		0.13
"Azathioprine (aza) therapy is beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, but 10%-30% of patients cannot tolerate aza therapy because of adverse drug reactions."( Association of inosine triphosphatase 94C>A and thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency with adverse events and study drop-outs under azathioprine therapy in a prospective Crohn disease study.
Adler, G; Armstrong, VW; Behrens, C; Bias, P; Herfarth, H; Kruis, W; Oellerich, M; Reinshagen, M; Schütz, E; Shipkova, M; Stallmach, A; Stein, J; von Ahsen, N; von Tirpitz, C, 2005)		0.33
" The test compound used was the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, L(+)-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (L-AP3), which is known to be toxic in vivo after subchronic, but not acute, administration."( Long-term, repeated dose in vitro neurotoxicity of the glutamate receptor antagonist L-AP3, demonstrated in rat hippocampal slice cultures by using continuous propidium iodide incubation.
Blaabjerg, M; Kristensen, BW; Noraberg, J; Zimmer, J, 2007)		0.34
" With the possible exception of headache, no clinically significant adverse events or laboratory changes were observed."( Safety, tolerability, and effects on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta after inhibition of gamma-secretase.
Dean, RA; Farlow, MR; Ferguson-Sells, L; Friedrich, S; Gonzales, C; May, PC; Siemers, ER, )		0.13
"Primary outcome measures were adverse events, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Abeta levels, vital signs, electrocardiographic data, and laboratory safety test results."( Phase 2 safety trial targeting amyloid beta production with a gamma-secretase inhibitor in Alzheimer disease.
Aisen, PS; Becerra, L; Clark, CM; Dean, RA; Farlow, MR; Fleisher, AS; Galvin, JE; Peskind, ER; Quinn, JF; Raman, R; Sherzai, A; Siemers, ER; Sowell, BB; Thal, LJ, 2008)		0.35
" There were 3 adverse event-related discontinuations, including 1 transient bowel obstruction."( Phase 2 safety trial targeting amyloid beta production with a gamma-secretase inhibitor in Alzheimer disease.
Aisen, PS; Becerra, L; Clark, CM; Dean, RA; Farlow, MR; Fleisher, AS; Galvin, JE; Peskind, ER; Quinn, JF; Raman, R; Sherzai, A; Siemers, ER; Sowell, BB; Thal, LJ, 2008)		0.35
" No difference in the incidence of adverse events was seen between the two groups, confirming the safety of rebamipide."( Efficacy and safety of rebamipide for the treatment of dry mouth symptoms in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial.
Kawakami, A; Koni, I; Nishinarita, M; Nishiyama, S; Ohta, S; Oka, H; Sawada, S; Sugai, S; Sugiyama, E; Takahashi, H; Takei, M; Umehara, H; Yamaji, K, 2009)		0.35
"We report the establishment of an in vivo model using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the toxic effects of L-BMAA."( BMAA neurotoxicity in Drosophila.
Bradley, WG; Escala, W; Papapetropoulos, S; Zhai, RG; Zhou, X, 2009)		0.35
" Most toxic effects were mild."( A phase I study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a dual VEGFR and FGFR inhibitor, brivanib, in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
de Braud, F; Feltquate, DM; Galbraith, S; Goss, G; Jayson, GC; Jonker, DJ; Kantor, J; Kollia, G; McArthur, GA; Mokliatchouk, O; Nuyten, DSA; Rosen, LS; Rustin, G; Sawyer, MB; Sweeney, CJ; Syed, S; Velasquez, L; Wilding, G, 2011)		0.37
" Throughout both phases, subjects were evaluated for adverse events (AEs) and best clinical response."( Lack of food effect on single-dose pharmacokinetics of brivanib, and safety and efficacy following multiple doses in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
Chemidlin, J; Fischer, B; Hurwitz, H; Kollia, G; LoRusso, P; Masson, E; Pilat, MJ; Shapiro, GI; Syed, S, 2011)		0.37
" Assessments included adverse events, PK, tumour response, 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron-emitting tomography and K-Ras mutation analyses."( Phase I dose-escalation study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of brivanib alaninate in combination with full-dose cetuximab in patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies who have failed prior therapy.
Buter, J; Chemidlin, J; El-Khoueiry, A; Feltquate, D; Ford, S; Galbraith, S; Garrett, CR; Hayes, W; Kollia, G; LoRusso, P; Major, P; Marshall, J; Mokliatchouk, O; Nuyten, DS; Rocha-Lima, CM; Siu, LL; Syed, S; Velasquez, L, 2011)		0.37
" In addition, the pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, antioxidant enzyme activities catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined to evaluate the different toxic effects."( Enantioselective toxic effects and biodegradation of benalaxyl in Scenedesmus obliquus.
Diao, J; Huang, L; Lu, D; Zhou, Z, 2012)		0.38
" of polyvinylpyrrolidone 10000 and 25000), C60-NO2-proline and C60-alanine had no toxic effect on HEp-2 cells."( [Study of cytotoxicity of fullerene C60 derivatives].
Bobylëv, AG; Bobylëva, LG; Fadeev, RS; Fadeeva, IS; Okuneva, AD; Poddubnaia, ZA; Salmov, NN, )		0.13
" A comparison of the MERA with the conventional isobologram and the extended toxic unit summation revealed that the MERA characterizes the degree of toxicity interaction in the view of effect, with less limitation by different concentration ratios or effect levels."( [Characterizing the toxicity interaction of the binary mixture between DMSO and pesticide by the multi-effect residual analysis (MERA)].
Huo, XC; Liu, SS; Zhang, J, 2013)		0.39
" Cell cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) changes were performed in combinations of As(III) and selenomethionine (SeMet) toxic mixes on, HEK293, human kidney cells."( Selenium mediated arsenic toxicity modifies cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species and phosphorylated proteins.
Caruso, JA; Chitta, KR; Landero Figueroa, JA; Merino, EJ, 2013)		0.39
" The most pronounced and selective toxic action of MET and products of its photodegradation was observed in the hepatic cell line."( Toxicity assessment of metoprolol and its photodegradation mixtures obtained by using different type of TiO2 catalysts in the mammalian cell lines.
Abramović, BF; Armaković, SJ; Četojević-Simin, DD; Šojić, DV, 2013)		0.39
"Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is primarily limited by renal and gastrointestinal adverse effects."( Effects of rebamipide on nephrotoxicity associated with selected NSAIDs in rats.
Bullins, KW; Denham, JW; Hanley, AV; Hanley, GA; Harirforoosh, S; Panus, PC; Wood, RC; Wyatt, JE, 2013)		0.39
" Mice treated with PGW5 (25 and 50mg/kg/d) for 28 days did not show toxic effects in terms of weight gain and blood-chemistry analysis."( A novel analog of olanzapine linked to sarcosinyl moiety (PGW5) demonstrates high efficacy and good safety profile in mouse models of schizophrenia.
Bidder, M; Gil-Ad, I; Kramer, M; Portnoy, M; Taler, M; Tarasenko, I; Weizman, A, 2014)		0.4
"PGW5 is a novel and safe antipsychotic, efficacious against schizophrenia-like positive and negative symptoms at nonsedative doses."( A novel analog of olanzapine linked to sarcosinyl moiety (PGW5) demonstrates high efficacy and good safety profile in mouse models of schizophrenia.
Bidder, M; Gil-Ad, I; Kramer, M; Portnoy, M; Taler, M; Tarasenko, I; Weizman, A, 2014)		0.4
" The most commonly observed adverse events were headache, nausea and flatulence, which occurred similarly across the three groups."( Phase I/II study of the pharmacokinetics, safety and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir alafenamide, a new prodrug of the HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir, in HIV-infected adults.
Coakley, D; Kearney, B; Lee, WA; Markowitz, M; Miller, MD; Ruane, P; Squires, K; Wulfsohn, M; Zhong, L; Zolopa, A, 2014)		0.4
"Interpreting Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trial (CT) outcomes is complicated by treatment dropouts and adverse events (AEs)."( Adverse events and dropouts in Alzheimer's disease studies: what can we learn?
Henley, DB; Schneider, LS; Sethuraman, G; Sundell, KL, 2015)		0.42
" Overall annualized rates for discontinuations, discontinuations due to AEs, serious adverse events (SAEs), and deaths were 21."( Adverse events and dropouts in Alzheimer's disease studies: what can we learn?
Henley, DB; Schneider, LS; Sethuraman, G; Sundell, KL, 2015)		0.42
" Tenofovir released from TDF undergoes active renal secretion via organic anion transporters (OAT1 and OAT3), leading to higher exposure of renal proximal tubules to tenofovir and a potential for renal adverse effects in a small subset of TDF-treated patients."( Tenofovir alafenamide is not a substrate for renal organic anion transporters (OATs) and does not exhibit OAT-dependent cytotoxicity.
Bam, RA; Cihlar, T; Yant, SR, 2014)		0.4
" No serious adverse events were observed in either group."( Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) plus rebamipide for endoscopic submucosal dissection-induced ulcers: a meta-analysis.
Cao, Z; Dong, W; Guo, X; Liu, M; Song, J; Wang, J; Ye, C; Yu, S; Zhang, J, 2014)		0.4
" Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) are reported by body system along with pertinent laboratory, vital sign, and ECG findings."( Safety profile of semagacestat, a gamma-secretase inhibitor: IDENTITY trial findings.
Dowsett, SA; Henley, DB; May, PC; Sethuraman, G; Sundell, KL, 2014)		0.4
"Semagacestat treatment was associated with increased reporting of suspected Notch-related adverse events (gastrointestinal, infection, and skin cancer related)."( Safety profile of semagacestat, a gamma-secretase inhibitor: IDENTITY trial findings.
Dowsett, SA; Henley, DB; May, PC; Sethuraman, G; Sundell, KL, 2014)		0.4
" When the possibility of poor compliance and the potential adverse effects of misoprostol are considered, rebamipide appears to be a clinically effective and safe alternative."( Preventive efficacy and safety of rebamipide in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mucosal toxicity.
Cho, CS; Kang, YM; Kim, JH; Kim, SK; Lee, DH; Lee, SK; Lee, ST; Lee, YC; Park, SH; Park, W; Park, YW; Rew, JS; Yoo, WH, 2014)		0.4
" No serious adverse events were observed in any of the patients in either group."( Efficacy and safety of 1-week Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy and 7-week rebamipide treatment after endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer in comparison with 8-week PPI standard treatment: a randomized, controlled, prospective, m
Azuma, T; Higuchi, K; Iguchi, M; Machida, H; Morita, Y; Naito, Y; Takeuchi, T; Takeuchi, Y; Tamada, T; Tominaga, K; Uedo, N; Yagi, N; Yamao, J; Yazumi, S, 2015)		0.42
" Serious adverse events were not observed in either group."( Efficacy and safety of 1-week Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy and 7-week rebamipide treatment after endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer in comparison with 8-week PPI standard treatment: a randomized, controlled, prospective, m
Azuma, T; Higuchi, K; Iguchi, M; Machida, H; Morita, Y; Naito, Y; Takeuchi, T; Takeuchi, Y; Tamada, T; Tominaga, K; Uedo, N; Yagi, N; Yamao, J; Yazumi, S, 2015)		0.42
" Taken together, potent MDR-modulating activity along with intracellular conversion into the natural flavonoid quercetin warrants development of the quercetin-amino acid conjugates as safe MDR modulators."( Water-soluble and cleavable quercetin-amino acid conjugates as safe modulators for P-glycoprotein-based multidrug resistance.
Chong, Y; Choo, H; Kim, MK, 2014)		0.4
" No subject experienced an adverse event that was serious or severe (grade 3/4)."( Twenty-eight day safety, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide for treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection.
Agarwal, K; Cheng, W; Flaherty, JF; Foster, GR; Fung, SK; Gane, EJ; Lawson, E; McHutchison, JG; Nguyen, TT; Ryder, SD; Sicard, E; Subramanian, GM; Zhao, S, 2015)		0.42
"Tenofovir alafenamide was safe and well tolerated; declines in HBV DNA were similar to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at all doses evaluated."( Twenty-eight day safety, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide for treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection.
Agarwal, K; Cheng, W; Flaherty, JF; Foster, GR; Fung, SK; Gane, EJ; Lawson, E; McHutchison, JG; Nguyen, TT; Ryder, SD; Sicard, E; Subramanian, GM; Zhao, S, 2015)		0.42
" These results indicate that dietary supplementation with L-arginine (up to 630 mg/kg body weight/day) is safe in pigs for at least 91 days."( Safety of long-term dietary supplementation with L-arginine in pigs.
Hu, S; Li, X; McNeal, CJ; Meininger, CJ; Rezaei, R; Wu, G, 2015)		0.42
" However, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is associated with renal and bone toxic effects; the novel prodrug tenofovir alafenamide achieves 90% lower plasma tenofovir concentrations."( Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate given as fixed-dose combinations containing emtricitabine as backbones for treatment of HIV-1 infection in virologically suppressed adults: a randomised, double-blind, activ
Abram, ME; Brinson, C; Cheng, AK; Clumeck, N; Daar, ES; DeJesus, E; Gallant, JE; Johnson, M; Morales-Ramirez, J; Osiyemi, O; Plummer, A; Raffi, F; Rhee, MS; Ruane, P; Ward, D; Yan, M, 2016)		0.43
" Seven patients in the tenofovir alafenamide (2%) and three (1%) in the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group discontinued due to adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate given as fixed-dose combinations containing emtricitabine as backbones for treatment of HIV-1 infection in virologically suppressed adults: a randomised, double-blind, activ
Abram, ME; Brinson, C; Cheng, AK; Clumeck, N; Daar, ES; DeJesus, E; Gallant, JE; Johnson, M; Morales-Ramirez, J; Osiyemi, O; Plummer, A; Raffi, F; Rhee, MS; Ruane, P; Ward, D; Yan, M, 2016)		0.43
" There were no discontinuations due to adverse events."( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Tenofovir Alafenamide in HIV-Uninfected Subjects with Severe Renal Impairment.
Custodio, JM; Fordyce, M; Garner, W; Kearney, BP; Ling, KH; Ramanathan, S; Vimal, M, 2016)		0.43
"Enantiomers of chiral compounds often exhibit enantioselective adverse effects and biochemical processes in non-target organisms."( Enantioselective metabolism and toxic effects of metalaxyl on primary hepatocytes from rat.
Qiu, J; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Zhang, P; Zhou, Z; Zhu, W, 2016)		0.43
" We found that S421 phosphorylation mitigates neurodegeneration by increasing proteasome-dependent turnover of mHTT and reducing the presence of a toxic mHTT conformer."( Serine 421 regulates mutant huntingtin toxicity and clearance in mice.
Daub, AC; Finkbeiner, S; Gu, X; Humbert, S; Kratter, IH; Lau, A; Masliah, E; Osmand, A; Saudou, F; Steffan, JS; Tsvetkov, AS; Weiberth, KF; Yang, XW; Zahed, H, 2016)		0.43
"TAF has a similar tolerability, safety, and effectiveness to TDF and probably less adverse events related to renal and bone density outcomes in the treatment of naive and experienced patients with HIV-1."( The efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in antiretroviral regimens for HIV-1 therapy: Meta-analysis.
Lu, X; Wang, H; Xu, N; Yang, X, 2016)		0.43
" The regimen was well tolerated and no discontinuations related to adverse events occurred."( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of a single-tablet regimen containing elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-naive, HIV-infected adolescents: a single-arm, open-label trial.
Batra, J; Chakraborty, R; Gaur, AH; Kizito, H; Kosalaraksa, P; Luesomboon, W; Myers, M; Porter, D; Prasitsueubsai, W; Quirk, E; Rakhmanina, N; Rassool, M; Rhee, MS; SenGupta, D; Shao, Y; Ting, L, 2016)		0.43
" Adverse events caused the premature study discontinuation of 12 individuals (4."( Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Safinamide as a Levodopa Adjunct in Patients With Parkinson Disease and Motor Fluctuations: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Anand, R; Fox, SH; Hauser, RA; Jankovic, J; Jost, WH; Kenney, C; Kulisevsky, J; Pahwa, R; Poewe, W; Schapira, AH, 2017)		0.46
" The most frequently reported adverse event was dyskinesia (in 40 [14."( Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Safinamide as a Levodopa Adjunct in Patients With Parkinson Disease and Motor Fluctuations: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Anand, R; Fox, SH; Hauser, RA; Jankovic, J; Jost, WH; Kenney, C; Kulisevsky, J; Pahwa, R; Poewe, W; Schapira, AH, 2017)		0.46
"Neonicotinoid residues can be present in soybean vegetative tissue, prey insects, and flower tissues, possibly making them toxic to pollinators and natural enemies."( Thiamethoxam Toxicity and Effects on Consumption Behavior in Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Soybean.
Camargo, C; Giesler, LJ; Hunt, TE; Siegfried, BD, 2017)		0.46
" The incidences of adverse events potentially related to the study drug were 16%, 26%, and 13% in the placebo, rebamipide 2%, and rebamipide 4% groups, respectively."( Efficacy and safety of rebamipide liquid for chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase II study.
Beppu, T; Fujii, M; Fujii, T; Fujimoto, Y; Hasegawa, Y; Hirano, S; Iwae, S; Kojima, H; Matsushima, Y; Matsuura, K; Monden, N; Naka, Y; Nishimori, H; Ogawa, T; Okami, K; Ota, I; Sasaki, K; Tahara, M; Takahashi, S; Tanaka, K; Ueda, S; Ueda, T; Yokota, T, 2017)		0.46
"The present phase II study suggests that mouth washing with rebamipide may be effective and safe for patients with HNC receiving chemoradiotherapy, and 4% liquid is the optimal dose of rebamipide."( Efficacy and safety of rebamipide liquid for chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase II study.
Beppu, T; Fujii, M; Fujii, T; Fujimoto, Y; Hasegawa, Y; Hirano, S; Iwae, S; Kojima, H; Matsushima, Y; Matsuura, K; Monden, N; Naka, Y; Nishimori, H; Ogawa, T; Okami, K; Ota, I; Sasaki, K; Tahara, M; Takahashi, S; Tanaka, K; Ueda, S; Ueda, T; Yokota, T, 2017)		0.46
" Response assessment and adverse event (AE) evaluation were performed every 21 days via VCOG criteria."( Rabacfosadine for relapsed canine B-cell lymphoma: Efficacy and adverse event profiles of 2 different doses.
Burgess, KE; Clifford, CA; Fan, TM; Morges, MA; Phillips, B; Saba, CF; Thamm, DH; Vail, DM; Vickery, KR; Wright, ZM, 2018)		0.48
" Here, we show in the model system Caenorhabditis elegans that expression of the arginine-containing dipeptides, but not alanine-containing dipeptides, produces toxic phenotypes in multiple cellular contexts, including motor neurons."( Nuclear localized C9orf72-associated arginine-containing dipeptides exhibit age-dependent toxicity in C. elegans.
Lamitina, ST; Monaghan, J; Pandey, UB; Rudich, P; Snoznik, C; Watkins, SC, 2017)		0.46
" Our discovery of canagliflozin-mediated simultaneous inhibition of GDH and ETC complex I in renal cells at clinically relevant concentrations, and their particular susceptibility to necrotic cell death during proliferation, provides a mechanistic rationale for the adverse effects observed especially in patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease or previous kidney injury characterized by sustained regenerative tubular epithelial cell proliferation."( Canagliflozin mediated dual inhibition of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and complex I: an off-target adverse effect.
Beneke, S; Delp, J; Dietrich, DR; Gutbier, S; Leist, M; Schlichenmaier, N; Secker, PF, 2018)		0.48
" The overall incidence and severity of adverse events was similar between groups, although headache occurred more frequently in the bictegravir group than in the boosted protease inhibitor group."( Efficacy and safety of switching to fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide from boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1: 48 week results of a randomised, open-label, multicentre, ph
Andreatta, K; Cheng, A; Creticos, C; Crofoot, G; Custodio, J; Daar, ES; DeJesus, E; Graham, H; Koenig, E; Liu, YP; Martin, H; Molina, JM; Oguchi, G; Quirk, E; Rockstroh, JK; Ruane, P, 2018)		0.48
"Fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide might be a safe and efficacious alternative to continued boosted protease inhibitor therapy in adults with HIV-1 infection."( Efficacy and safety of switching to fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide from boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1: 48 week results of a randomised, open-label, multicentre, ph
Andreatta, K; Cheng, A; Creticos, C; Crofoot, G; Custodio, J; Daar, ES; DeJesus, E; Graham, H; Koenig, E; Liu, YP; Martin, H; Molina, JM; Oguchi, G; Quirk, E; Rockstroh, JK; Ruane, P, 2018)		0.48
" In total, 300 adverse events were classified as related to safinamide in 132 patients (44."( [Effectiveness and safety of safinamide as add-on to levodopa in patients with parkinson's disease: non-interventional study].
Bosse, D; Delf, M; Jost, WH; Kupsch, A; Mengs, J, 2018)		0.48
"Concerns have increased about the risk of fatal adverse events (FAEs) associated with molecular targeted agents (MTAs) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."( Fatal adverse events with molecular targeted agents in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Hu, Y; Li, X; Lou, L; Tu, J; Wan, J; Wu, S; Wu, Z, 2018)		0.48
" Adverse events were recorded by patients in specially developed diaries."( Efficacy and safety of the use of rebamipide in the scheme of triple eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection: a prospective randomized comparative study.
Andreev, DN; Dicheva, DT; Maev, IV; Partzvania-Vinogradova, EV; Samsonov, AA, 2018)		0.48
" The incidence of adverse events between the groups was comparable: 22."( Efficacy and safety of the use of rebamipide in the scheme of triple eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection: a prospective randomized comparative study.
Andreev, DN; Dicheva, DT; Maev, IV; Partzvania-Vinogradova, EV; Samsonov, AA, 2018)		0.48
"We pooled clinical renal safety data across 26 treatment-naive and antiretroviral switch studies to compare the incidence of proximal renal tubulopathy and discontinuation due to renal adverse events between participants taking TAF-containing regimens vs."( Renal safety of tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a pooled analysis of 26 clinical trials.
Arribas, JR; Brainard, D; Carter, C; Clarke, AE; Das, M; Elion, RA; Eron, JJ; Esser, S; Guo, S; Gupta, SK; Martin, H; Mudrikova, T; Negredo, E; Orkin, C; Podzamczer, D; Post, FA; Pozniak, AL; Rockstroh, JK; Sax, PE; SenGupta, D; Stellbrink, HJ; Waters, L; Wohl, DA; Zhong, L, 2019)		0.51
"001) discontinued due to a renal adverse event."( Renal safety of tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a pooled analysis of 26 clinical trials.
Arribas, JR; Brainard, D; Carter, C; Clarke, AE; Das, M; Elion, RA; Eron, JJ; Esser, S; Guo, S; Gupta, SK; Martin, H; Mudrikova, T; Negredo, E; Orkin, C; Podzamczer, D; Post, FA; Pozniak, AL; Rockstroh, JK; Sax, PE; SenGupta, D; Stellbrink, HJ; Waters, L; Wohl, DA; Zhong, L, 2019)		0.51
" The biological and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles bring new challenges with regards to management of potential adverse health effects following exposure."( Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of alanine-capped CuS nanoparticles using human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells.
Mofokeng, TP; Moloto, MJ; Shumbula, PM; Tetyana, P, 2019)		0.51
" Few discontinued due to adverse events (2% D/C/F/TAF arm)."( Week 96 efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once daily, single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/
Brown, K; Cunningham, D; De Wit, S; Eron, JJ; Hufkens, V; Jezorwski, J; Lathouwers, E; Opsomer, M; Orkin, C; Petrovic, R; Post, FA; Pulido, F; Van Landuyt, E, 2019)		0.51
" Drug-related grade ≥2 adverse events and withdrawals due to adverse events occurred in 17 (4."( Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Fixed-Dose 2-Drug Regimen vs Continuing a Tenofovir Alafenamide-Based 3- or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintenance of Virologic Suppression in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Phas
Aboud, M; Ait-Khaled, M; Ajana, F; Bisshop, F; De Wit, S; Gartland, MJ; Nascimento, MC; Osiyemi, O; Pappa, KA; Portilla Sogorb, J; Routy, JP; Smith, KY; Tenorio, AR; van Wyk, J; Wang, R; Wright, J; Wyen, C; Wynne, B, 2020)		0.56
" CAT tail aggregation has been hypothesized to either protect cells by sequestering potentially toxic incomplete polypeptides or harm cells by disrupting protein homeostasis."( Aggregation of CAT tails blocks their degradation and causes proteotoxicity in S. cerevisiae.
Brandman, O; Giafaglione, JM; Park, JH; Sitron, CS, 2020)		0.56
" Both treatments were safe and well-tolerated, and most adverse events were similar as mild to moderate in severity."( Efficacy and safety of the regimens containing tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in fixed-dose single-tablet regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Chen, Y; Lu, Y; Tao, X; Zhang, L; Zhou, Y, 2020)		0.56
" Response assessment and adverse event (Ae) evaluation were performed every 21 days via Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG) criteria."( Rabacfosadine for naïve canine intermediate to large cell lymphoma: Efficacy and adverse event profile across three prospective clinical trials.
Burgess, K; Clifford, C; Curran, K; Elmslie, R; Fan, T; Phillips, B; Post, G; Saba, CF; Thamm, D; Vail, D; Wright, Z, 2020)		0.56
" Adverse events occurred in 58."( Efficacy and safety of safinamide as an add-on therapy to L-DOPA for patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II/III study.
Hattori, N; Nomoto, M; Sasagawa, Y; Tsuboi, Y; Yamamoto, A, 2020)		0.56
" All adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity."( Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID-19, in Healthy Subjects.
Cao, H; Chng, E; German, P; Humeniuk, R; Ling, J; Mathias, A; Osinusi, A; Shen, G; Vu, A, 2020)		0.56
" Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 78."( Long-term safety and efficacy of safinamide as add-on therapy in levodopa-treated Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease with wearing-off: Results of an open-label study.
Hattori, N; Nomoto, M; Sasagawa, Y; Tsuboi, Y; Yamamoto, A, 2020)		0.56
" Adverse events occurred in 30% of patients and led to drug discontinuation in 11% of cases."( The tolerability, safety and efficacy of safinamide in elderly Parkinson's disease patients: a retrospective study.
Alborghetti, M; Bianchini, E; Galli, S; Giovannelli, M; Pontieri, FE; Rinaldi, D; Salvetti, M; Sforza, M, 2021)		0.62
" These findings provide reassurance that the combination of TAF, boosted PIs and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir is safe in HIV/HCV-coinfected populations."( Pharmacokinetics and renal safety of tenofovir alafenamide with boosted protease inhibitors and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir.
Anderson, PL; Blum, J; Brooks, KM; Bushman, LR; Castillo-Mancilla, JR; Cendali, F; Choi, YJ; Gomez, J; Haas, H; Ibrahim, ME; Johnson, B; Kiser, JJ; MaWhinney, S; Morrow, M; Roon, L; Rowan, SE; Wyles, DL; Zheng, JH, 2020)		0.56
" pertussis B1917 on mammalian HeLa cells and expression of Bp BteAΔA503 was highly toxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells."( Cytotoxicity of the effector protein BteA was attenuated in Bordetella pertussis by insertion of an alanine residue.
Bayram, J; Holubova, J; Jurnecka, D; Kamanova, J; Kucera, J; Malcova, I; Sebo, P; Sedlacek, R; Sinkovec, L; Streparola, G, 2020)		0.56
" Secondary assessments included maternal HBV DNA reduction at delivery, and maternal or infant adverse events during follow up."( Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate for preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a national cohort study.
Cao, L; Chen, B; Chen, R; Ding, Y; Fan, J; Gan, W; Huang, Y; Lin, C; Liu, Y; Pan, CQ; Sheng, Q; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Zhu, L, 2020)		0.56
" No severe adverse effects were reported in either mothers or infants."( Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate for preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a national cohort study.
Cao, L; Chen, B; Chen, R; Ding, Y; Fan, J; Gan, W; Huang, Y; Lin, C; Liu, Y; Pan, CQ; Sheng, Q; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Zhu, L, 2020)		0.56
"To find effective and safe treatments for COVID-19, the WHO recommended to systemically evaluate experimental therapeutics in collaborative randomised clinical trials."( Protocol for the DisCoVeRy trial: multicentre, adaptive, randomised trial of the safety and efficacy of treatments for COVID-19 in hospitalised adults.
Ader, F, 2020)		0.56
"The results of the present study confirm that the overnight switch from rasagiline to safinamide is safe and well tolerated by patients."( Overnight switch from rasagiline to safinamide in Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations: a tolerability and safety study.
Caminiti, G; Casali, M; D'Antoni, V; Grassini, P; Stocchi, F; Tomino, C; Torti, M; Vacca, L; Volterrani, M, 2021)		0.62
"To describe the occurrence of adverse events in PD patients treated with safinamide in real-life conditions."( A European Observational Study to Evaluate the Safety and the Effectiveness of Safinamide in Routine Clinical Practice: The SYNAPSES Trial.
Abbruzzese, G; Bergmans, B; Gomez-Esteban, JC; Jost, WH; Kägi, G; Kulisevsky, J; Raw, J; Stefani, A; Warnecke, T, 2021)		0.62
"8% patients experienced adverse events, 27."( A European Observational Study to Evaluate the Safety and the Effectiveness of Safinamide in Routine Clinical Practice: The SYNAPSES Trial.
Abbruzzese, G; Bergmans, B; Gomez-Esteban, JC; Jost, WH; Kägi, G; Kulisevsky, J; Raw, J; Stefani, A; Warnecke, T, 2021)		0.62
" Remdesivir reduced serious adverse effects by absolute 6% and no significant Grade 3 or 4 adverse effects were reported."( Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis including network meta-analysis.
Abdallah, MS; Elsawah, HK; ElShafie, AH; Elsokary, MA, 2021)		0.62
" Because TDF can lead to renal impairment and a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), the prodrug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) may be considered a viable alternative with fewer adverse effects."( Safety and efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide in liver transplant recipients: A single center experience.
Achterfeld, A; Herzer, K; Rashidi-Alavijeh, J; Straub, K; Wedemeyer, H; Willuweit, K, 2021)		0.62
" After 1 year, 22 patients were still taking TAF; two patients had been lost to follow-up; one patient had died; and four patients had discontinued therapy because of TAF-related adverse effects."( Safety and efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide in liver transplant recipients: A single center experience.
Achterfeld, A; Herzer, K; Rashidi-Alavijeh, J; Straub, K; Wedemeyer, H; Willuweit, K, 2021)		0.62
" The most common adverse reaction was hepatic impairment, although the trials reported a similar proportion of adverse events in the intervention and control groups."( Clinical studies assessing the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in management of COVID-19: A scoping review.
Andersson, N; Cockcroft, A; Laurie, C; Pimentel, J, 2021)		0.62
" Trial data report a similar proportion of adverse events in treated and control groups."( Clinical studies assessing the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in management of COVID-19: A scoping review.
Andersson, N; Cockcroft, A; Laurie, C; Pimentel, J, 2021)		0.62
"6%) patients because of adverse effects."( Efficacy and Safety of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide as Maintenance Treatment in HIV/HBV-Coinfected Patients.
Cheng, CY; Cheng, SH; Ho, MW; Huang, SH; Huang, YS; Hung, CC; Lee, CH; Lee, YT; Lin, SP; Liou, BH; Liu, CE; Lu, PL; Sun, HY; Tang, HJ; Tsai, HC; Yang, CJ, 2021)		0.62
" Harms are typically assessed through the collection of adverse events (AEs)."( Advantages of visualisations to evaluate and communicate adverse event information in randomised controlled trials.
Cornelius, V; Cro, S; Phillips, R, 2020)		0.56
" The outcomes of interest were mortality, progression to severe disease (severe pneumonia, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and/or mechanical ventilation), viral clearance rate, QT prolongation, fatal cardiac complications, and noncardiac serious adverse events."( Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
An, MH; Hwang, TH; Kim, MS; Kim, WJ, 2020)		0.56
" Meanwhile, the toxic effects were also evaluated by comparing the different influences of these two compounds on related physiological indicators, and functional enzyme activities."( The different toxic effects of metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M on Tubifex tubifex.
Guo, HM; Liu, X; Lu, ZH; OuYang, MN; Yang, ZH; Zhou, DD, 2021)		0.62
" No drug-related adverse events were observed within a 48-week observation period."( The 48-week safety and therapeutic effects of tenofovir alafenamide in hbv-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: A prospective cohort study.
Lai, J; Li, J; Li, X; Peng, L; Shu, X; Xie, C; Xie, J; Xu, W; Zhang, Y; Zhu, X, 2021)		0.62
"Pesticides have adverse effects on the cellular functionality, which may trigger myriad of health consequences."( Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Al-Khedhairy, AA; Alwathnani, HA; Ansari, SM; Musarrat, J; Saquib, Q; Siddiqui, MA, 2021)		0.62
"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic posed a serious public health concern and started a race against time for researchers to discover an effective and safe therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2."( The History, Efficacy, and Safety of Potential Therapeutics: A Narrative Overview of the Complex Life of COVID-19.
Abou-Sleymane, G; Al Faraj, A; Badro, DA; Daou, F; Khanafer, N; Tobaiqy, M, 2021)		0.62
" magna assay revealed toxic effects of BMAA."( Presence of ß-N-methylamino-L-alanine in cyanobacteria and aquatic organisms from waters of Northern Poland; BMAA toxicity studies.
Błaszczyk, A; Mazur-Marzec, H; Siedlecka-Kroplewska, K; Woźniak, M, 2021)		0.62
" The scientific community is studying and testing numerous compounds that can be effective and safe for treating people with covid-19."( [The praise of uncertainty: a systematic living review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug treatments for patients with covid-19.]
Amato, L; Cruciani, F; Davoli, M; De Crescenzo, F; Mitrova, Z; Saulle, R; Vecchi, S, 2021)		0.62
" No differences for the risk of any adverse events are observed between convalescent plasma and remdesivir compared to standard treatment."( [The praise of uncertainty: a systematic living review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug treatments for patients with covid-19.]
Amato, L; Cruciani, F; Davoli, M; De Crescenzo, F; Mitrova, Z; Saulle, R; Vecchi, S, 2021)		0.62
" Furthermore, no significant association was observed between remdesivir treatment and an increased risk of adverse events."( Clinical efficacy and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Chen, CH; Chen, KH; Hsueh, PR; Lai, CC; Wang, CY; Wang, YH, 2021)		0.62
" Primary safety outcomes, compared pairwise among treatment groups, were the occurrence of a composite adverse pregnancy outcome (ie, either preterm delivery, the infant being born small for gestational age, stillbirth, or spontaneous abortion) in all participants with a pregnancy outcome, and the occurrence of grade 3 or higher maternal and infant adverse events in all randomised participants."( Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2
Amico, KR; Brummel, SS; Cassim, H; Chakhtoura, N; Chinula, L; Coletti, A; Currier, J; Fairlie, L; Frenkel, LM; Hanley, S; Hoffman, RM; Holmes, LB; Jean-Philippe, P; João, E; Johnston, B; Korutaro, V; Krotje, C; Lockman, S; Masheto, G; McCarthy, K; Mmbaga, BT; Momper, JD; Moyo, S; Purdue, L; Rooney, JF; Sax, PE; Shapiro, RL; Stranix-Chibanda, L; Stringer, JS; Thoofer, NK; Ziemba, L, 2021)		0.62
" Significantly fewer participants in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate group (52 [24%] of 216) had a composite adverse pregnancy outcome than those in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group (70 [33%] of 213; estimated difference -8·8% [95% CI -17·3 to -0·3], p=0·043) or the efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group (69 [33%] of 211; -8·6% [-17·1 to -0·1], p=0·047)."( Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2
Amico, KR; Brummel, SS; Cassim, H; Chakhtoura, N; Chinula, L; Coletti, A; Currier, J; Fairlie, L; Frenkel, LM; Hanley, S; Hoffman, RM; Holmes, LB; Jean-Philippe, P; João, E; Johnston, B; Korutaro, V; Krotje, C; Lockman, S; Masheto, G; McCarthy, K; Mmbaga, BT; Momper, JD; Moyo, S; Purdue, L; Rooney, JF; Sax, PE; Shapiro, RL; Stranix-Chibanda, L; Stringer, JS; Thoofer, NK; Ziemba, L, 2021)		0.62
" The dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate regimen had the lowest frequency of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes and of neonatal deaths."( Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2
Amico, KR; Brummel, SS; Cassim, H; Chakhtoura, N; Chinula, L; Coletti, A; Currier, J; Fairlie, L; Frenkel, LM; Hanley, S; Hoffman, RM; Holmes, LB; Jean-Philippe, P; João, E; Johnston, B; Korutaro, V; Krotje, C; Lockman, S; Masheto, G; McCarthy, K; Mmbaga, BT; Momper, JD; Moyo, S; Purdue, L; Rooney, JF; Sax, PE; Shapiro, RL; Stranix-Chibanda, L; Stringer, JS; Thoofer, NK; Ziemba, L, 2021)		0.62
" No liver function derangements or any other major adverse events with the drug were reported."( Feasibility and safety of remdesivir in SARS-CoV2 infected renal transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort from a developing nation.
Banerjee, S; Chauhan, S; Desai, S; Kute, VB; Meshram, HS; Mishra, V; Navadiya, V; Patel, H; Rizvi, SJ, 2021)		0.62
"RDV therapy is safe and clinically feasible in renal transplant recipients as seen in our cohort."( Feasibility and safety of remdesivir in SARS-CoV2 infected renal transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort from a developing nation.
Banerjee, S; Chauhan, S; Desai, S; Kute, VB; Meshram, HS; Mishra, V; Navadiya, V; Patel, H; Rizvi, SJ, 2021)		0.62
" To exclude toxic concentrations of potential drugs, the network was expanded to include a toxic score (TOX) that detected cell death (CPETOXnet)."( Deep Transfer Learning Approach for Automatic Recognition of Drug Toxicity and Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.
Bhatia, S; Borkhardt, A; Kather, JN; Kronberg, RM; Lang, KS; Lang, PA; Müller, L; Ostermann, PN; Pandyra, AA; Schaal, H; Stachura, P; Werner, J, 2021)		0.62
" Adverse events were reported in 8 (7%) patients."( [Effectiveness, safety, and economic impact of the bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide regimen in real clinical practice cohort of HIV-1 infected adult patients].
Gutiérrez-Lorenzo, M; Rubio-Calvo, D; Urda-Romacho, J, 2021)		0.62
" However, we found a large difference between the high percentages of patients reporting an adverse event in three phase 3 clinical trials and our results."( [Effectiveness, safety, and economic impact of the bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide regimen in real clinical practice cohort of HIV-1 infected adult patients].
Gutiérrez-Lorenzo, M; Rubio-Calvo, D; Urda-Romacho, J, 2021)		0.62
" The outcomes studied were mortality, all adverse events, serious adverse events, and clinical improvement."( Safety and Efficacy of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Goudarzi, R; Mehrolhassani, MH; Tasavon Gholamhoseini, M; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, 2021)		0.62
"Remdesivir has positive effects on clinical improvement, and reduction of the risk of serious adverse events."( Safety and Efficacy of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Goudarzi, R; Mehrolhassani, MH; Tasavon Gholamhoseini, M; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, 2021)		0.62
" TAF was well tolerated and only 4 patients discontinued therapy due to adverse event during a median duration of TAF dosing of 74 weeks."( Safety and Effectiveness of Tenofovir Alafenamide in Usual Clinical Practice Confirms Results of Clinical Trials: TARGET-HBV.
Bernstein, DE; Fried, MW; Lok, AS; Mospan, AR; Schiff, ER; Smith, CI; Trinh, HN; Zink, RC, 2022)		0.72
" The treatment using NAs was well-tolerated and there was no serious drug-related adverse event reported."( Short-term and long-term safety and efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure associated with hepatitis B.
Chen, T; Chen, Y; Fu, M; Fu, S; Gao, Z; He, Y; Hu, C; Li, J; Liu, J; Yan, T; Yang, Y; Zhang, R; Zhao, Y; Zhou, M, 2021)		0.62
"Primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were time to clinical improvement and safety outcomes like serious adverse events, respiratory failure."( Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chugh, A; Chugh, VK; Khera, D; Khera, PS; Singh, S, 2021)		0.62
" Significant decrease was found in the risk of serious adverse events (RR=0."( Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chugh, A; Chugh, VK; Khera, D; Khera, PS; Singh, S, 2021)		0.62
" In rats, systemic and local findings were considered not adverse due to their low severity and reversibility; therefore, the "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) was set at 1,000 μg/kg/day."( A 28-Day Toxicity Study of Tenofovir Alafenamide Hemifumarate by Subcutaneous Infusion in Rats and Dogs.
Alessi, T; Feldman, PL; Felx, M; Jain, R; Roller, S; Shelton, J; Singh, R; Wang, Y; Yang, B; Zane, D, 2021)		0.62
"Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide is safe and effective for longer-term pre-exposure prophylaxis in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men."( Long-term safety and efficacy of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis: week 96 results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Asmuth, DM; Baeten, JM; Brainard, DM; Brunetta, JM; Carter, C; Cox, S; Das, M; Ebrahimi, R; Gilson, R; Henry, K; Kintu, A; Kronborg, G; Ogbuagu, O; Podzamczer, D; Ruane, PJ; Salazar, LC; Shao, Y; Spinner, CD; Whitlock, G; Wohl, D, 2021)		0.62
" The Adverse events [AEs], Serious adverse events [SAEs] and Treatment Discontinuation due to Adverse Events (TDAE) were used as primary outcome measures."( A Meta-Analysis of Safety of Different Regimens of Remdesivir in COVID-19 Patients.
Bose, D; Konwar, M; Maurya, M, 2022)		0.72
" Serious adverse effects (SAEs) were significantly less common in patients treated with remdesivir, with an absolute risk difference of 6% (RD -0."( Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Angamo, MT; Mohammed, MA; Peterson, GM, 2022)		0.72
" The frequencies of serious adverse events (110 [15%] of 750 in the baricitinib group vs 135 [18%] of 752 in the placebo group), serious infections (64 [9%] vs 74 [10%]), and venous thromboembolic events (20 [3%] vs 19 [3%]) were similar between the two groups."( Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 (COV-BARRIER): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
Adams, DH; Alatorre-Alexander, J; Cardoso, A; Chakladar, S; Crowe, B; de Bono, S; de Cassia Pellegrini, R; Ely, EW; Estrada, V; Goldman, JD; Kartman, CE; Krishnan, V; Liao, R; Marconi, VC; Piruzeli, MLB; Ramanan, AV; Reis, P; Som, M; Zhang, X, 2021)		0.62
" Week 48 virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL), resistance, adverse events (AEs), and laboratory parameters were assessed."( Brief Report: Efficacy and Safety of Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in Females Living With HIV: An Integrated Analysis of 5 Trials.
Ajana, F; Brainard, D; Chuck, SK; Collins, SE; Gandhi-Patel, B; Kityo, C; Koenig, E; Liu, Y; Makadzange, T; McNicholl, I; Natukunda, E; Orkin, C; Pikora, C; Wang, H; Wei, X; White, K, 2021)		0.62
"In individuals with a history of PRT on TDF, 96 weeks of TAF was not associated with recurrent PRT or adverse effects on renal tubular function, bone turnover, or BMD."( Safety of Tenofovir Alafenamide in People With HIV Who Experienced Proximal Renal Tubulopathy on Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate.
Barbini, B; Burling, K; Campbell, L; Cromarty, B; Hamzah, L; Johnson, M; Jones, R; Post, FA; Samarawickrama, A; Williams, D; Winston, A, 2021)		0.62
" Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 51 (15%) patients (all Grade 1-2) and led to 8 discontinuations."( Real-world efficacy and safety of switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in older people living with HIV.
Cruz, D; DeJesus, E; Hinestrosa, F; Nguyen, V; Patel, K; Rolle, CP, 2021)		0.62
"Safinamide was well tolerated as a treatment for PD, and there was no significant difference in the frequency and severity of adverse events between the safinamide and placebo groups."( Efficacy and safety evaluation of safinamide as an add-on treatment to levodopa for parkinson's disease.
Fujioka, S; Kurihara, K; Mishima, T; Tsuboi, Y, 2022)		0.72
" We aimed to characterize the CV adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with remdesivir using VigiBase, an individual case safety report database of the World Health Organization (WHO)."( Cardiovascular events and safety outcomes associated with remdesivir using a World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database.
Abou Ghayda, R; Ban, K; Cargnin, S; Choi, JY; Choi, SW; Chung, SK; Dragioti, E; Go, YY; Hong, SH; Jacob, L; Jung, JW; Jung, SY; Kim, AY; Kim, MS; Kim, NK; Kostev, K; Koyanagi, A; Kronbichler, A; Lee, KH; Lee, SW; Li, H; Moon, SH; Park, SJ; Salem, JE; Shin, JI; Shin, JS; Smith, L; Solmi, M; Terrazzino, S; Tizaoui, K; Yon, DK, 2022)		0.72
"ETV, TDF, and TAF were safe antiviral agents and showed similar antiviral effect for CHB at 48 weeks."( Real-World Single-Center Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Entecavir, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, and Tenofovir Alafenamide in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B.
Jeong, S; Kim, HI; Shin, HP, 2022)		0.72
" We evaluated the safety of remdesivir by examining the incidence of discontinuation of remdesivir treatment because of adverse events and the incidence of any adverse events."( Safety of Remdesivir for Patients 80 Years of Age or Older with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Esaka, N; Fujita, K; Hata, H; Kanai, O; Mio, T; Nanba, K; Odagaki, T; Seta, K; Yasoda, A, 2021)		0.62
" Discontinuation of remdesivir because of adverse events occurred in one older patient (3."( Safety of Remdesivir for Patients 80 Years of Age or Older with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Esaka, N; Fujita, K; Hata, H; Kanai, O; Mio, T; Nanba, K; Odagaki, T; Seta, K; Yasoda, A, 2021)		0.62
" While aggregated proteins that are responsible for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders show cell-to-cell propagation and thereby exert toxic effects on the recipient cells, whether this is also the case with expanded PA has not been studied."( Toxicity of internalized polyalanine to cells depends on aggregation.
Hayashi, F; Iizuka, Y; Kawasaki, T; Nakamura, K; Owada, R; Sonoyama, M, 2021)		0.62
"Although remdesivir (GS-5734) has recently demonstrated clinical benefits against the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), neuropsychological adverse reactions (ADRs) remain to be examined in real-world settings."( Neuropsychological adverse drug reactions of Remdesivir: analysis using VigiBase, the WHO global database of individual case safety reports.
Dragioti, E; Jacob, L; Jung, SY; Kang, HC; Kim, JH; Kim, MS; Kostev, K; Koyanagi, A; Lascu, A; Lee, S; Lee, SW; Salem, JE; Shin, JI; Smith, L; Tizaoui, K; Yang, JW; Yon, DK, 2021)		0.62
"Our study demonstrates that remdesivir, a novel drug applied to the treatment of COVID-19, does not have a significant association with adverse neurologic or psychiatric reactions in the real-world setting."( Neuropsychological adverse drug reactions of Remdesivir: analysis using VigiBase, the WHO global database of individual case safety reports.
Dragioti, E; Jacob, L; Jung, SY; Kang, HC; Kim, JH; Kim, MS; Kostev, K; Koyanagi, A; Lascu, A; Lee, S; Lee, SW; Salem, JE; Shin, JI; Smith, L; Tizaoui, K; Yang, JW; Yon, DK, 2021)		0.62
" Remdesivir was overall well tolerated, and total 119 adverse events were reported; most common were nausea and vomiting in 45."( Safety and clinical outcomes of remdesivir in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a retrospective analysis of active surveillance database.
Gogtay, J; Gupte, V; Hegde, R; Jadhav, S; Kalathingal, K; Malabade, R; Sawant, S, 2022)		0.72
" Drug-related adverse events were more frequent with DTG/3TC (15%; leading to discontinuation in 4%) than TAF-based regimens (5%; leading to discontinuation in 1%) through week 144, but rates were comparable after week 48 (4%; leading to discontinuation in 1% in both groups)."( Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Versus Continuing a Tenofovir Alafenamide-Based 3- or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintenance of Virologic Suppression in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Results Through Week 144 F
Aboud, M; Ait-Khaled, M; Ajana, F; Bisshop, F; De Wit, S; George, N; Leone, P; Osiyemi, O; Pappa, KA; Portilla, J; Routy, JP; Smith, KY; van Wyk, J; Wang, R; Wright, J; Wyen, C; Wynne, B, 2022)		0.72
"To summarise specific adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with COVID-19."( Adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir when used for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.
Agoritsas, T; Bartoszko, JJ; Brignardello-Petersen, R; Chu, DK; Ge, L; Izcovich, A; Khamis, AM; Kum, E; McLeod, SL; Mustafa, RA; Qasim, A; Rochwerg, B; Siemieniuk, RA; Vandvik, P; Zeraatkar, D, 2022)		0.72
" For most interventions and outcomes the certainty of the evidence was very low to low except for gastrointestinal adverse effects from hydroxychloroquine, which was moderate certainty."( Adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir when used for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.
Agoritsas, T; Bartoszko, JJ; Brignardello-Petersen, R; Chu, DK; Ge, L; Izcovich, A; Khamis, AM; Kum, E; McLeod, SL; Mustafa, RA; Qasim, A; Rochwerg, B; Siemieniuk, RA; Vandvik, P; Zeraatkar, D, 2022)		0.72
" This post hoc analysis evaluated gastrointestinal adverse events of interest (AEOIs; diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, flatulence [MedDRAv21]) through Wk96 among patients enrolled in the phase 3 AMBER (treatment-naïve) and EMERALD (virologically suppressed) studies of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg."( Low Incidence and Brief Duration of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events with Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) Over 96 Weeks: Post hoc Analyses of AMBER and EMERALD.
Anderson, D; Baugh, B; Bejou, N; Campbell, J; Dunn, K; Luo, D; Seyedkazemi, S, )		0.13
"We aimed to assess longitudinal changes in clinical indexes of corona disease 2019 (Covid-19) patients with mild pulmonary infection during 5 days of remdesivir therapy and determine the effect of age and gender on remdesivir adverse effects (AE)."( Linear mixed model analysis to evaluate correlations between remdesivir adverse effects with age and gender of patients with mild Covid-19 pneumonia.
Amanollahi, A; Basir Ghafouri, H; Hoseini, SE; Moradi Moghaddam, O; Sedighi, M; Tavakoli, N, 2022)		0.72
"This study aimed to detect safety signals of rebamipide and search for adverse events (AEs) of rebamipide that are more common than those of other drugs for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the elderly population."( Frequently reported adverse events of rebamipide compared to other drugs for peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Jang, E; Jeong, JE; Kim, MG; Lee, JY; Park, M, 2022)		0.72
" Consistent with previous findings, we observed adverse local toxicity and necrosis near the tenofovir alafenamide implant site."( Safety and efficacy of a biodegradable implant releasing tenofovir alafenamide for vaginal protection in a macaque model.
Dobard, C; García-Lerma, JG; Gary, J; Gatto, G; Heneine, W; Holder, A; Johnson, L; Khalil, G; Krovi, A; Li, L; Luecke, E; Massud, I; Mills, P; Mitchell, J; Nishiura, K; Pan, Y; Ruone, S; van der Straten, A, 2022)		0.72
" In view of the adverse toxic effects of both on the mammalian liver, it is necessary to conduct a cumulative risk assessment of their dietary exposure to consumers."( Dissipation and Residue of Metalaxyl-M and Azoxystrobin in Scallions and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Hepatotoxicity.
Chai, Y; Du, X; Liu, R; Yuan, L, 2022)		0.72
"To evaluate the cumulative incidence (CI) of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADR) from TCZ in adult patients with COVID-19."( [Surveillance of adverse effects of Tocilizumab for COVID-19].
Fuenzalida, T; González, A; Gutiérrez, W; Iturra, P; Severino, N, 2022)		0.72
" Non-infectious ADRs were categorized according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and the development of infection was classified as present or absent."( [Surveillance of adverse effects of Tocilizumab for COVID-19].
Fuenzalida, T; González, A; Gutiérrez, W; Iturra, P; Severino, N, 2022)		0.72
" A rise in alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and the development of infections were the most frequent adverse events."( [Surveillance of adverse effects of Tocilizumab for COVID-19].
Fuenzalida, T; González, A; Gutiérrez, W; Iturra, P; Severino, N, 2022)		0.72
" All patients recovered without any sequelae, and no serious adverse events were reported."( Safety of Remdesivir in 20 Children with COVID-19-Case Series-
Jinda, T; Kasai, M; Manabe, S; Mizuno, S, 2022)		0.72
" Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."( A phase I study to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a vaginal insert containing tenofovir alafenamide and elvitegravir.
Anderson, PL; Bushman, LR; Clark, M; Doncel, GF; Fang, X; Hanif, H; Ouattara, LA; Singh, O; Thurman, AR; Yousefieh, N, 2023)		0.91
" The inserts were safe and highly acceptable."( A phase I study to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a vaginal insert containing tenofovir alafenamide and elvitegravir.
Anderson, PL; Bushman, LR; Clark, M; Doncel, GF; Fang, X; Hanif, H; Ouattara, LA; Singh, O; Thurman, AR; Yousefieh, N, 2023)		0.91
" The most common adverse events included nausea, dizziness, and cough."( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of inhaled remdesivir in healthy participants.
Anoshchenko, O; Chen, S; Davies, S; DeZure, A; Dresser, M; Ellis, S; Girish, S; Humeniuk, R; Johnston, M; Juneja, K; Llewellyn, J; Osinusi, A; Palaparthy, R; Share, A; Winter, H; Xiao, D, 2023)		0.91
"Remdesivir is an antiviral agent, which was shown to be safe and effective in treating early COVID-19, but its favourable impact in hospitalised patients with non-critical disease is still under investigation."( Effectiveness and Safety of Remdesivir in Treating Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19: A Propensity Score Analysis of Real-Life Data from a Monocentric Observational Study in Times of Health Emergency.
Adinolfi, A; Bernasconi, DP; Bertuzzi, M; Colombo, F; Del Gaudio, F; Dicuonzo, A; Epis, OM; Giannattasio, C; Maloberti, A; Rossetti, C; Scaglione, F; Tarsia, P; Travi, G; Ughi, N; Valsecchi, MG, 2023)		0.91
"5%) patients stopped the treatment due to adverse reactions."( Effectiveness and Safety of Remdesivir in Treating Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19: A Propensity Score Analysis of Real-Life Data from a Monocentric Observational Study in Times of Health Emergency.
Adinolfi, A; Bernasconi, DP; Bertuzzi, M; Colombo, F; Del Gaudio, F; Dicuonzo, A; Epis, OM; Giannattasio, C; Maloberti, A; Rossetti, C; Scaglione, F; Tarsia, P; Travi, G; Ughi, N; Valsecchi, MG, 2023)		0.91
" However, greater adverse effects on renal function were observed for TDF than ETV at 60 months compared to 12 months."( Renal and bone side effects of long-term use of entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in patients with Hepatitis B: a network meta-analysis.
Liu, S; Liu, Z; Ma, X; Xin, Y; Zhao, Z, 2023)		0.91
"Long-term administration of TDF has resulted in stronger adverse effects than TAF and ETV in regard to both renal function and bone tissue in CHB patients."( Renal and bone side effects of long-term use of entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in patients with Hepatitis B: a network meta-analysis.
Liu, S; Liu, Z; Ma, X; Xin, Y; Zhao, Z, 2023)		0.91

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In control rats, the volume of distribution (Vss), metabolic clearance rate (MCR), and distribution half-life (distribution t1/2) of urodilatin in plasma were not significantly different from those of ANF."( Pharmacokinetics of ANF and urodilatin during cANF receptor blockade and neutral endopeptidase inhibition.
Abassi, ZA; Hunsberger, S; Keiser, HR; Klein, H; Tate, J; Trachewsky, D, 1992)		0.28
" However, there is only little knowledge about the pharmacokinetic behavior of this new group of anticancer agents."( A new comprehensive technique of catheterisation, blood sampling, sample preparation and sample analysis by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography for pharmacokinetic studies with estradiol-linked nitrosoureas and their metabolites.
Berger, MR; Betsch, B; Spiegelhalder, B, 1990)		0.28
" The higher antineoplastic activity of the hormone-linked drug can mainly be attributed to differences in the pharmacokinetic behaviour."( New estradiol-linked nitrosoureas: can the pharmacokinetic properties help to explain the pharmacodynamic activities?
Berger, MR; Betsch, B; Eisenbrand, G; Schmähl, D; Spiegelhalder, B, 1989)		0.28
" At plasma concentrations below 10 micrograms/ml, elimination was monoexponential with a half-life of 32 +/- 11 min (mean +/- SD)."( Metabolic effects and pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered dichloroacetate in humans.
Moore, GW; Oates, JA; Rabin, D; Stacpoole, PW; Wells, PG; Wilkinson, GR, 1980)		0.26
" The constants of absorption from peritoneal cavity (Ka) and elimination from plasma (Ke) and the serum absolute bioavailability (BA(a)) after 8 h were calculated assuming a bicompartment pharmacokinetic model."( A pharmacokinetic study of peritoneal absorption of glucose and alanine in rats: nutritional implications.
Mahedero, G; Mariñõ, E; Morán, JM; Ribeiro, JM; Salas, J; Vinagre, LM, )		0.13
" Dengue patients manifested the same pharmacokinetic responses to a 20 g Ala-Gln bolus as healthy controls."( The pharmacokinetic responses of humans to 20 g of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide differ with the dosing protocol but not with gastric acidity or in patients with acute Dengue fever.
Fürst, P; Klassen, P; Mazariegos, M; Solomons, NW, 2000)		0.31
" The Fab' fragment of the antibody was therefore modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to obtain a more desirable pharmacokinetic profile."( Adapting pharmacokinetic properties of a humanized anti-interleukin-8 antibody for therapeutic applications using site-specific pegylation.
Chen, H; Chuntharapai, A; DeForge, L; Deveney, J; Fan, A; Galan, W; Gonzalez, T; Gribling, P; Hale, V; Hébert, C; Hsei, V; Kim, KJ; Koumenis, I; Lee, WP; Leong, SR; McKay, P; Narindray, D; Presta, L; Reichert, M; Schoenhoff, M; Shahrokh, Z; Snedecor, B; Tumas, DB; Wagner, B; Zapata, G, 2001)		0.31
" Roxifiban has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties believed to be more favorable than the earlier oral agents."( Effects of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists on platelet activation: development of a transfer method to mimic peak to trough receptor occupancy.
Billheimer, JT; He, B; Seiffert, D; Spitz, SM; Stern, AM, 2002)		0.31
" The differential time courses in the three compartments do not seem to be due to pharmacokinetic factors."( Studies of Abeta pharmacodynamics in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma in young (plaque-free) Tg2576 mice using the gamma-secretase inhibitor N2-[(2S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethanoyl]-N1-[(7S)-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,d]az
Adams, WJ; Hosley, JD; Lanz, TA; Merchant, KM, 2004)		0.32
" In single dose trials blood sampling covered a 24 h-period in pharmacodynamic trials, 48 h-period in pharmacokinetic trials."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of safinamide, a neuroprotectant with antiparkinsonian and anticonvulsant activity.
Caccia, C; Cattaneo, C; Crivelli, F; Dal Bo, L; Fariello, RG; Ismaili, S; Marzo, A; Monti, NC, 2004)		0.32
" After comparing the pharmacokinetic behavior of panipenem in patients with ESRD and that of a surrogate marker of efficacy, we recommend that these patients be treated with 500 mg/500 mg of panipenem/betamipron once daily, which gives a similar clinical result in a patient with normal renal function."( Pharmacokinetics of panipenem/betamipron in patients with end-stage renal disease.
Hishida, A; Kanamaru, M; Nagashima, S; Ohashi, N; Tajima, N; Togawa, A; Uematsu, T, 2005)		0.33
"Population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed with plasma concentrations from 26 healthy volunteers and 41 patients."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of panipenem/betamipron in patients with various degrees of renal function.
Ishizuka, H; Naganuma, H; Tajima, N, 2006)		0.33
" The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of BX enantiomers in rabbits."( Stereoselective determination of benalaxyl in plasma by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and application to pharmacokinetic study in rabbits.
Jia, G; Qiu, J; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Zhou, Z; Zhu, W, 2007)		0.34
" The current data describe the pharmacokinetic behavior of LY544344 and LY354740, with a specific focus on the first-pass activation processes and dose linearity in rats and dogs."( Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of the intestinal peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1)-targeted prodrug (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2'S)-(2-amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexen-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY544344) in rats and dogs: assessment of first-pass
Abraham, T; Perkins, EJ, 2007)		0.34
" Human efficacious dose was predicted based on projected human pharmacokinetic parameters and exposure at efficacious doses in the mouse efficacy models."( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of brivanib (BMS-540215), a potent VEGFR2 inhibitor and its alanine ester prodrug brivanib alaninate.
Bhide, R; D'Arienzo, C; Fargnoli, J; Kamath, AV; Marathe, PH; Zhang, Y, 2009)		0.35
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a noncompartmental method."( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two formulations of rebamipide 100-mg tablets: a randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers.
Cho, HY; Lee, YB; Park, GK; Yoon, H, 2009)		0.35
" No significant sequence, subject, formulation, or period effects were detected for any pharmacokinetic parameter."( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two formulations of rebamipide 100-mg tablets: a randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers.
Cho, HY; Lee, YB; Park, GK; Yoon, H, 2009)		0.35
" There was no evidence that rebamipide pharmacokinetic parameters were influenced by genetic polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene (exons 21 and 26)."( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two formulations of rebamipide 100-mg tablets: a randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers.
Cho, HY; Lee, YB; Park, GK; Yoon, H, 2009)		0.35
" The median time to reach the maximal plasma concentration of brivanib was 1 h, geometric mean maximal plasma concentration was 6146 ng/ml, mean terminal half-life was 13."( Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of oral brivanib in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
Fischer, BS; Gan, J; Ganapathi, R; Gong, J; Iyer, R; Masson, E; Mekhail, T; Patricia, D; Pursley, J; Williams, D, 2010)		0.36
"The purpose of this analysis was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for CS-917, an oral hypoglycemic prodrug, and its 3 metabolites."( Population pharmacokinetic model for a novel oral hypoglycemic formed in vivo: comparing the use of active metabolite data alone versus using data of upstream and downstream metabolites.
Carrothers, TJ; Habtemariam, B; Kastrissios, H; Khariton, T; Kshirsagar, S; Mager, DE; Rohatagi, S; Walker, JR, 2012)		0.38
" In Part A, subjects received a single dose of brivanib alaninate (800 mg) either in a fasting state or following ingestion of a high-fat meal (approximately 951 kcal [15% protein, 33% carbohydrate, 52% fat]); serial blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis up to 48 h post-dosing."( Lack of food effect on single-dose pharmacokinetics of brivanib, and safety and efficacy following multiple doses in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
Chemidlin, J; Fischer, B; Hurwitz, H; Kollia, G; LoRusso, P; Masson, E; Pilat, MJ; Shapiro, GI; Syed, S, 2011)		0.37
" The present study evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters and safety/tolerability upon coadministration of brivanib alaninate and midazolam."( Lack of effect of brivanib on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate, administered intravenously and orally in healthy participants.
Clemens, PL; Dhar, A; Kollia, G; Lathers, D; Masson, E; Syed, S; Walters, I, 2012)		0.38
" We reasoned that an animal model would be suitable for GSI discovery if the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship of a compound for Aβ lowering in this model is predictive of that in human."( Quantitative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses suggest that the 129/SVE mouse is a suitable preclinical pharmacology model for identifying small-molecule γ-secretase inhibitors.
Atchison, K; Becker, SL; Efremov, I; Hallgren, AJ; Lu, Y; Miller, EH; Nolan, CE; Osgood, SM; Pustilnik, LR; Riddell, D; Robshaw, AE; Stepan, AF; Subramanyam, C; Zhang, L, 2011)		0.37
"This study was conducted primarily to improve the solubility of rebamipide, a poorly water-soluble anti-ulcer drug, using novel ternary solid dispersion (SD) systems and secondly to evaluate the effect of solubility enhancement on its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile."( Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of novel ternary solid dispersion of rebamipide with poloxamer 407.
Chi, SC; Ha, JM; Kim, JY; Oh, TO; Park, CW; Park, ES; Rhee, YS; Tung, NT, 2013)		0.39
" Serial blood samples were collected over 240 h post dose to quantify safinamide parent drug and metabolite concentrations for pharmacokinetic evaluation."( Effects of ketoconazole treatment on the pharmacokinetics of safinamide and its plasma metabolites in healthy adult subjects.
Fauchoux, N; Gallemann, D; Hermann, R; Johne, A; Krösser, S; Marquet, A; Wolna, P, 2012)		0.38
" In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic drug interactions of rebamipide with two selected NSAIDs, celecoxib or diclofenac."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between rebamipide and selected nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rats.
Cooper, DL; Harirforoosh, S; Wood, RC; Wyatt, JE, 2014)		0.4
"Administration of 40 mg of tenofovir alafenamide for 14 days resulted in lower tenofovir Cmax (13 versus 207 ng/mL) and lower systemic exposures (AUC0-t, 383 versus 1810 ng · h/mL) compared with subjects who received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate."( Phase I/II study of the pharmacokinetics, safety and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir alafenamide, a new prodrug of the HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir, in HIV-infected adults.
Coakley, D; Kearney, B; Lee, WA; Markowitz, M; Miller, MD; Ruane, P; Squires, K; Wulfsohn, M; Zhong, L; Zolopa, A, 2014)		0.4
"Between May 22, 2013, and July 22, 2014, we enrolled 50 participants, and all 50 received the assigned treatment; 24 participated in the intensive pharmacokinetic assessment."( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of a single-tablet regimen containing elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-naive, HIV-infected adolescents: a single-arm, open-label trial.
Batra, J; Chakraborty, R; Gaur, AH; Kizito, H; Kosalaraksa, P; Luesomboon, W; Myers, M; Porter, D; Prasitsueubsai, W; Quirk, E; Rakhmanina, N; Rassool, M; Rhee, MS; SenGupta, D; Shao, Y; Ting, L, 2016)		0.43
"The elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide regimen was well tolerated and achieved component plasma pharmacokinetic exposures similar to those in adults."( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of a single-tablet regimen containing elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-naive, HIV-infected adolescents: a single-arm, open-label trial.
Batra, J; Chakraborty, R; Gaur, AH; Kizito, H; Kosalaraksa, P; Luesomboon, W; Myers, M; Porter, D; Prasitsueubsai, W; Quirk, E; Rakhmanina, N; Rassool, M; Rhee, MS; SenGupta, D; Shao, Y; Ting, L, 2016)		0.43
"In this study, the population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of rebamipide (Reba) in healthy male Korean subjects was analyzed using the nonlinear mixed effects modeling method."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of rebamipide in healthy Korean subjects with the characterization of atypical complex absorption kinetics.
Cho, HY; Lee, YB; Ngo, L; Tran, P; Yoo, HD, 2017)		0.46
"Bckground: One of the major challenges of biopharmaceuticals having short plasma half-life is that daily high dose injections are needed which can lead to economic burden, patient inconvenience and undesirable side effects."( PASylation as a Powerful Technology for Improving the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Biopharmaceuticals.
Ahmadpour, S; Hosseinimehr, SJ, 2018)		0.48
"In this review, we focus on PASylation technology as a novel method to enhance the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of biopharmaceuticals."( PASylation as a Powerful Technology for Improving the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Biopharmaceuticals.
Ahmadpour, S; Hosseinimehr, SJ, 2018)		0.48
"We explain the general concept of PASylation, its development; advantages compared to other PK modifying technologies and describe furthermore the pharmacodynamic (PD) and PK properties of several PAS-fusion proteins in preclinical studies."( PASylation as a Powerful Technology for Improving the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Biopharmaceuticals.
Ahmadpour, S; Hosseinimehr, SJ, 2018)		0.48
"The biodegradable PAS sequence was already used for prolonging plasma half-life of clinical important agents such as antibody fragments, cytokines, enzymes and receptor-binding peptides."( PASylation as a Powerful Technology for Improving the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Biopharmaceuticals.
Ahmadpour, S; Hosseinimehr, SJ, 2018)		0.48
"A single-arm, prospective, nonrandomized, cross-over, pharmacokinetic study in patients receiving a TDF-containing regimen (TDF 300 mg/FTC 200 mg/EVG 150 mg/COBI 150 mg) switched to a TAF-containing FDC regimen (TAF 10 mg/FTC 200 mg/EVG 150 mg/COBI 150 mg)."( Plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics of tenofovir in patients switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide.
Bares, SH; Dyavar, SR; Fletcher, CV; Havens, J; Lee, S; O'Neill, J; Podany, AT; Scarsi, KK; Swindells, S, 2018)		0.48
" Population pharmacokinetic models were developed using measured intracellular metabolite, endogenous nucleotide competitors, and extracellular parent drug concentrations."( A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model to Predict Effective HIV Prophylaxis Dosing Strategies for People Who Inject Drugs.
Chen, J; Cottrell, ML; Dumond, JB; Garrett, KL; Maas, BM; Prince, HA; Schauer, AP; Sykes, C; White, N, 2018)		0.48
"AL-335 was well tolerated when administered as single and multiple doses, with an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile."( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of AL-335 in healthy volunteers and hepatitis C virus-infected subjects.
Astruc, B; Beigelman, L; Berliba, E; Blatt, LM; Chanda, S; Fry, J; Kakuda, TN; Khorlin, N; McClure, MW; Patat, A; Streinu-Cercel, A; Tsertsvadze, T; Vijgen, L; Vuong, J; Westland, C; Zhang, Q, 2018)		0.48
" coli-expressed recombinant fused and unfused proteins were compared in terms of bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties using standard methods."( Enhancing bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties of a nano-sized, anti-VEGFR2 Adnectin, through PASylation technology.
Aghaabdollahian, S; Ahangari Cohan, R; Asadi Karam, MR; Davami, F; Latif Dizaji, S; Moazzami, R; Norouzian, D; Torkashvand, F; Vaseghi, G, 2019)		0.51
" Here, we describe and evaluate the conjugation of a single domain i-body, AD-114, which targets CXCR4, to a panel of half-life extension technologies including a human serum albumin-binding peptide, linear and branched PEG, and PASylation (PA600)."( Half-life extension and non-human primate pharmacokinetic safety studies of i-body AD-114 targeting human CXCR4.
Binder, U; Darby, WG; Foley, M; Frigerio, M; Griffiths, K; Hosking, CG; Lloyd, P; Machacek, M; McDowell, W; Renaud, L; Skerra, A; Tommasi, R, 2019)		0.51
" In this work, we investigated possible interactions of this novel drug candidate with ABC drug efflux transporters and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) drug-metabolizing enzymes that participate in cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."( Brivanib Exhibits Potential for Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions and the Modulation of Multidrug Resistance through the Inhibition of Human ABCG2 Drug Efflux Transporter and CYP450 Biotransformation Enzymes.
Ceckova, M; Chen, S; Guo, L; Hofman, J; Kammerer, S; Küpper, JH; Sorf, A; Staud, F; Sucha, S; Vagiannis, D, 2019)		0.51
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to inform pediatric dosing for hydroxychloroquine."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"For hydroxychloroquine, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model analysis included 500 and 600 simulated white adult and pediatric participants, respectively, and supported weight-normalized dosing for children weighing less than 50 kg."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"We report the first pharmacokinetic evaluation of remdesivir and GS-441524 in recovered COVID-19 patients."( Pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and GS-441524 in two critically ill patients who recovered from COVID-19.
Agrati, C; Ascoli Bartoli, T; Avataneo, V; Capobianchi, MR; Caputi, P; Castilletti, C; D'Avolio, A; Forini, O; Ippolito, G; Lalle, E; Marchioni, L; Nicastri, E; Notari, S; Scorzolini, L; Tempestilli, M, 2020)		0.56
"Therapeutic fragmented antibodies show a poor pharmacokinetic profile that leads to frequent high-dose administration."( New Proline, Alanine, Serine Repeat Sequence for Pharmacokinetic Enhancement of Anti-VEGF Single-Domain Antibody.
Cohan, RA; Karami, E; Khodabakhsh, F; Khosravy, MS; Mehdizadeh, A; Salimian, M; Vafabakhsh, A, 2020)		0.56
" Pharmacokinetic sampling, urine biomarker collection [urine protein (UPCR), retinol binding protein (RBP) and β2 microglobulin (β2M) normalized to creatinine] and safety assessments occurred at the end of each phase."( Pharmacokinetics and renal safety of tenofovir alafenamide with boosted protease inhibitors and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir.
Anderson, PL; Blum, J; Brooks, KM; Bushman, LR; Castillo-Mancilla, JR; Cendali, F; Choi, YJ; Gomez, J; Haas, H; Ibrahim, ME; Johnson, B; Kiser, JJ; MaWhinney, S; Morrow, M; Roon, L; Rowan, SE; Wyles, DL; Zheng, JH, 2020)		0.56
"Pregnant women receiving TAF 10 mg with cobicistat or TAF 25 mg without boosting as part of clinical care had intensive pharmacokinetic assessments performed during the second and third trimesters, and 6-12 weeks postpartum."( Pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide with and without cobicistat in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV.
Barr, E; Best, BM; Brooks, KM; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Cielo, M; Denson, K; Deville, JG; Espina, R; Febo, IL; George, K; Haubrich, R; Mirochnick, M; Momper, JD; Pinilla, M; Rooney, JF; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, DE; Smith, E; Stek, AM; Weinberg, A, 2021)		0.62
" Because measurement of such concentrations is unrealistic in patients, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to characterize RDV and TN disposition."( Hybrid physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for remdesivir: Application to SARS-CoV-2.
Gallo, JM, 2021)		0.62
" This report summarizes development of a remdesivir physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that accurately describes observed adult remdesivir and metabolites exposure and predicts pediatric remdesivir and metabolites exposure."( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Remdesivir and Its Metabolites to Support Dose Selection for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients With COVID-19.
German, P; Kirby, BJ; Lutz, JD; Mathias, A; Pikora, C; Reddy, S, 2021)		0.62
" This phase I, open-label, 2-period, 1-way study assessed potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between GSK3640254 and tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC; including the metabolite tenofovir [TFV]) in healthy volunteers."( A Phase I Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of the HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitor GSK3640254 and Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine in Healthy Participants.
Butcher, L; Davidson, AM; Johnson, M; Joshi, SR; Lataillade, M; Min, S; Pene Dumitrescu, T; Webster, L; Xu, J; Zhan, J; Zimmerman, E, 2021)		0.62
" In spite of United States Food and Drug Administration's recent assent of remdesivir as the only approved agent for COVID-19, there is limited information available about the physicochemical, metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetic (PK), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) properties of this drug."( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions.
Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)		0.62
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of GastroPlus was used to simulate different patient populations based on age, weight, liver function, and renal function status."( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions.
Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)		0.62
"This is an open-label, randomized, fixed sequence single intravenous dosing study to assess pharmacokinetic interactions between remdesivir and TDF/3TC (Study A, crossover design) or TDF/3TC plus ATV/r (Study B)."( An open-label, randomized, single intravenous dosing study to investigate the effect of fixed-dose combinations of tenofovir/lamivudine or atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir in Ugandan healthy volunteers (RemTLAR).
Byakika-Kibwika, P; D'Avolio, A; Kaboggoza, JP; Lamorde, M; Waitt, C; Walimbwa, SI, 2021)		0.62
" Furthermore, this study will deliver pharmacokinetic datasets for remdesivir drug concentrations and demographic characteristics which could support pharmacometric approaches for simulation of remdesivir treatment regimens in patients concurrently using tenofovir/lamivudine and/or atazanavir/ritonavir."( An open-label, randomized, single intravenous dosing study to investigate the effect of fixed-dose combinations of tenofovir/lamivudine or atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir in Ugandan healthy volunteers (RemTLAR).
Byakika-Kibwika, P; D'Avolio, A; Kaboggoza, JP; Lamorde, M; Waitt, C; Walimbwa, SI, 2021)		0.62
"Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a key component of HIV treatment, but pharmacokinetic data supporting the use of TAF during pregnancy are limited."( Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide With Boosted Protease Inhibitors in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Living With HIV: Results From IMPAACT P1026s.
Barr, E; Best, BM; Brooks, KM; Browning, R; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Deville, JG; Febo, IL; George, K; Knowles, K; Mirochnick, M; Paul, ME; Pinilla, M; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, DE; Stek, AM, 2022)		0.72
" Intensive pharmacokinetic assessments were performed during the second and third trimesters and 6-12 weeks postpartum."( Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide With Boosted Protease Inhibitors in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Living With HIV: Results From IMPAACT P1026s.
Barr, E; Best, BM; Brooks, KM; Browning, R; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Deville, JG; Febo, IL; George, K; Knowles, K; Mirochnick, M; Paul, ME; Pinilla, M; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, DE; Stek, AM, 2022)		0.72
" TAF was only quantifiable in 2/25 maternal delivery samples and below the limit of quantification in all cord blood and infant washout samples, likely because of the short half-life of TAF."( Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide With Boosted Protease Inhibitors in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Living With HIV: Results From IMPAACT P1026s.
Barr, E; Best, BM; Brooks, KM; Browning, R; Capparelli, EV; Chakhtoura, N; Deville, JG; Febo, IL; George, K; Knowles, K; Mirochnick, M; Paul, ME; Pinilla, M; Rungruengthanakit, K; Shapiro, DE; Stek, AM, 2022)		0.72
" Non-compartmental analyses were performed to quantify the pharmacokinetic parameters."( Plasma and breast milk pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide in mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection.
Cottrell, M; Crane, H; Di Girolamo, J; Dumond, J; Gane, E; Kashuba, A; Kayes, T; Levy, MT; Lim, TH; Manandhar, S; Symonds, A, 2022)		0.72
"In this first pharmacokinetic study of TAF monotherapy in breastfeeding women with CHB, concentrations of TAF and TFV were low in breast milk with negligible infant exposure, supporting the use of TAF to prevent MTCT."( Plasma and breast milk pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide in mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection.
Cottrell, M; Crane, H; Di Girolamo, J; Dumond, J; Gane, E; Kashuba, A; Kayes, T; Levy, MT; Lim, TH; Manandhar, S; Symonds, A, 2022)		0.72
" A prospective observational pharmacokinetic study was performed in non-critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia."( Population Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir and GS-441524 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.
Bosma, LBE; Leegwater, E; Moes, DJAR; Ottens, TH; van der Meer, IM; van Nieuwkoop, C; Wilms, EB, 2022)		0.72
"To study the pharmacokinetic inter-individual variability of remdesivir and its main metabolite GS-441524 in a real-world setting of COVID-19 inpatients and to identify possible associations with different demographic/biochemical variables."( Interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and its main metabolite GS-441524 in treated COVID-19 subjects.
Agrati, C; Ascoli Bartoli, T; Benvenuto, D; Marchioni, L; Nicastri, E; Stazi, GV; Tempestilli, M, 2022)		0.72
" Linear regression, logistic regression and multiple linear regression tests were used for statistical comparisons of pharmacokinetic parameters and variables."( Interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and its main metabolite GS-441524 in treated COVID-19 subjects.
Agrati, C; Ascoli Bartoli, T; Benvenuto, D; Marchioni, L; Nicastri, E; Stazi, GV; Tempestilli, M, 2022)		0.72
" Model-based simulations revealed 294% and 515% increases of median tenofovir Cmin in patients with CLCR of 15-29 mL/min (CKD stage 3), and less than 15 mL/min (stage 4), respectively, compared with normal renal function (CLCR = 90-149 mL/min)."( Population pharmacokinetic modelling to characterize the effect of chronic kidney disease on tenofovir exposure after tenofovir alafenamide administration.
Alves Saldanha, S; Andre, P; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Courlet, P; Decosterd, LA; Desfontaine, V; Guidi, M; Kusejko, K; Thoueille, P, 2023)		0.91
"This randomized, parallel-group study evaluated the plasma pharmacokinetic profile of safinamide in 24 healthy Chinese men and women, randomly assigned to receive 50 or 100 mg of safinamide as a single dose, followed, after a 7-day washout, by multiple doses once daily for 7 days."( Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study of Single and Multiple Oral Doses of Safinamide in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Cattaneo, C; Jing, S; Leuratti, C; Vaja, V; Yuan, Y, 2023)		0.91

Compound-Compound Interactions

Glycine or DL-alpha-alanine potentiated the chemotherapeutic action of 3,6-diaminoacridinium without increasing its toxicity. The in vitro activity of fludalanine combined with pentizidone was compared with the activities of ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and trimethoprim.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Glycine or DL-alpha-alanine potentiated the chemotherapeutic action of 3,6-diaminoacridinium without increasing its toxicity when these amino acids were combined with it simultaneously."( Potentiated chemotherapeutic activity of 3,6-diamino-10-methyl-acridinium by combination with glycine or DL-alpha-alanine on the Ehrlich carcinoma.
Osswald, H, 1975)		0.25
"The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of rebamipide alone and in combination with cimetidine on experimental gastritis established by the administration of 5 mM sodium taurocholate (TCA) for 6 months in rats."( Therapeutic effects of oral rebamipide and in combination with cimetidine on experimental gastritis in rats.
Fujimura, J; Haruma, K; Kajiyama, G; Kishimoto, S; Kobayashi, H; Machino, H; Sakurai, K; Shimamoto, T; Shimizu, S; Yamasaki, K, 1992)		0.28
"To examine the effect of continuous fasting combined with prolonged, intermittent exercise on glucose homeostasis, 16 endurance-trained subjects, ranging in age from 18-21 years, were completely deprived of food during 81 h of field maneuvers."( The effect of prolonged intermittent exercise, combined with food deprivation, on plasma metabolite concentration.
Bashan, N; Burstein, R; Epstein, Y; Falk, B; Rubinstein, A; Shpilberg, O, 1991)		0.28
"Sleep and waking stages in cats were studied 8 h following administration of zimeldine and alaproclate, in combination with saline or 5-hydroxy-1-tryptophan (5-HTP)."( The effects of zimeldine and alaproclate combined with a small dose of 5-HTP on waking and sleep stages in cats.
Sommerfelt, L; Ursin, R, 1987)		0.27
"Seven patients with glycogen disease type I have been treated with nocturnal intragastric feeding combined with frequent daytime feeding."( Glycogen storage disease type I. Results of treatment with frequent daytime feeding, combined with nocturnal intragastric feeding and with administration of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
Gröbe, H; Ullrich, K, 1983)		0.27
"The in vitro activity of fludalanine ( MK641 ) combined with pentizidone ( MK642 ) so as to give a fludalanine /D-cycloserine ratio of 1:1 was compared with the activities of ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and trimethoprim against 452 recent isolates and known beta-lactam- and trimethoprim-resistant strains."( In vitro activity of fludalanine combined with pentizidone compared with those of other agents.
Andrews, JM; Wise, R, 1984)		0.27
"The phosphonopeptide alafosfalin (L-alanyl-L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid) exhibited synergy in vitro and in animal studies against a range of bacterial genera when combined with cephalexin."( Antibacterial properties of alafosfalin combined with cephalexin.
Atherton, FR; Hall, MJ; Hassall, CH; Holmes, SW; Lambert, RW; Lloyd, WJ; Nisbet, LJ; Ringrose, PS; Westmacott, D, 1981)		0.26
"The objectives of this phase I study were to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics and efficacy of brivanib combined with full-dose cetuximab in patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies."( Phase I dose-escalation study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of brivanib alaninate in combination with full-dose cetuximab in patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies who have failed prior therapy.
Buter, J; Chemidlin, J; El-Khoueiry, A; Feltquate, D; Ford, S; Galbraith, S; Garrett, CR; Hayes, W; Kollia, G; LoRusso, P; Major, P; Marshall, J; Mokliatchouk, O; Nuyten, DS; Rocha-Lima, CM; Siu, LL; Syed, S; Velasquez, L, 2011)		0.37
" We here investigated the activity of E-3810 combined with different cytotoxic agents in a MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft model."( The tyrosine kinase inhibitor E-3810 combined with paclitaxel inhibits the growth of advanced-stage triple-negative breast cancer xenografts.
Bello, E; Berndt, A; Camboni, G; Cavalletti, E; Colella, G; D'Incalci, M; Damia, G; Forestieri, D; Giavazzi, R; Licandro, SA; Richter, P; Taraboletti, G; Zucchetti, M, 2013)		0.39
" The potential use of OKN-007 in combination with neurotropic compounds such as the lanthionine ketamine esters is discussed for glioblastoma multiforme as well as for various other indications leading to dementia, such as aging, septic shock, and malaria infections."( Nitrone-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases: their use alone or in combination with lanthionines.
Castro Faria Neto, HC; Floyd, RA; Hensley, K; Towner, RA; Zimmerman, GA, 2013)		0.39
" Herein, we reported that a 67-year-old patient with intermediate stage HCC achieved the complete remission after TACE combined with brivanib therapy."( Complete remission of hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial Chemoembolization combined with brivanib.
Bai, W; Han, G; Jia, J; Qi, X; Yuan, J, )		0.13
" The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between this polymorphism and peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an Egyptian population."( Intestinal fatty acid binding protein Ala54Thr polymorphism is associated with peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Abo-Elmatty, DM; Ghattas, MH; Khattab, SA; Mehanna, ET; Mesbah, NM, 2017)		0.46
"The Thr54 allele of the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism was associated with an increased incidence of peripheral atherosclerosis combined with T2DM in the population studied."( Intestinal fatty acid binding protein Ala54Thr polymorphism is associated with peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Abo-Elmatty, DM; Ghattas, MH; Khattab, SA; Mehanna, ET; Mesbah, NM, 2017)		0.46
"A network meta-analysis was conducted comparing the short-term efficacies of 16 targeted drugs in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC)."( A network meta-analysis on the efficacy of sixteen targeted drugs in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer.
Ba-Sang, DZ; Li, MS; Long, ZW; Qiu, J; Teng, H; Zhao, XP, 2016)		0.43
" The results of our cluster analysis showed that chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, conatumumab, ganitumab, or brivanib + cetuximab had better efficacies for the treatment of advanced/metastatic CRC in comparison to chemotherapy alone."( A network meta-analysis on the efficacy of sixteen targeted drugs in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer.
Ba-Sang, DZ; Li, MS; Long, ZW; Qiu, J; Teng, H; Zhao, XP, 2016)		0.43
"2D DIGE and MS analyses were used to reveal proteomic signatures resulting from Notch3 inhibition in HepG2 cells, combined with brivanib treatment."( Brivanib in combination with Notch3 silencing shows potent activity in tumour models.
Baglioni, M; Bolondi, L; D'Errico, A; Giannone, FA; Giovannini, C; Gramantieri, L; Salzano, AM; Scaloni, A; Svegliati Baroni, G; Vasuri, F; Vitale, M; Zambrano, N, 2019)		0.51
"We have demonstrated that regulation of the TCA cycle is a common mechanism in different human cancers, suggesting that Notch3 inhibitors combined with brivanib treatment may represent a strong formulation for the treatment of HCC as well as Notch3-driven cancers."( Brivanib in combination with Notch3 silencing shows potent activity in tumour models.
Baglioni, M; Bolondi, L; D'Errico, A; Giannone, FA; Giovannini, C; Gramantieri, L; Salzano, AM; Scaloni, A; Svegliati Baroni, G; Vasuri, F; Vitale, M; Zambrano, N, 2019)		0.51
" In this work, we investigated possible interactions of this novel drug candidate with ABC drug efflux transporters and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) drug-metabolizing enzymes that participate in cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."( Brivanib Exhibits Potential for Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions and the Modulation of Multidrug Resistance through the Inhibition of Human ABCG2 Drug Efflux Transporter and CYP450 Biotransformation Enzymes.
Ceckova, M; Chen, S; Guo, L; Hofman, J; Kammerer, S; Küpper, JH; Sorf, A; Staud, F; Sucha, S; Vagiannis, D, 2019)		0.51
" In this paper, binding free energies between two HIV (HIV-1 and HIV-2) proteases and four inhibitors are calculated by molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) combined with the newly developed interaction entropy (IE) approach."( Alanine scanning combined with interaction entropy studying the differences of binding mechanism on HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases with inhibitor.
Bao, J; Cong, Y; Duan, L; Huang, K; Zhang, JZH, 2021)		0.62
"Management of drug-drug interactions between investigational anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and immunosuppressants is a complex task for the clinician."( Pharmacologic Treatment of Transplant Recipients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Considerations Regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug-Drug Interactions.
Bergan, S; Elens, L; Hesselink, DA; Langman, LJ; Lemaitre, F; Moes, DJAR; Molinaro, M; Venkataramanan, R, 2020)		0.56
" The author here is proposing to test 5-FU in combination with a number of deoxynucleosides on animal models infected with this Covid-19."( 5-Fluorouracil in combination with deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribose as possible therapeutic options for the Coronavirus, COVID-19 infection.
Ahmad, SI, 2020)		0.56
" We aimed at determining which drugs used in dentistry interact with Remdesivir in order to avoid adverse reactions that may worsen the condition of patients with COVID-19."( Remdesivir-COVID-19: drug interactions in dentistry.
Gómez-Moreno, G, 2020)		0.56
"According to the articles reviewed, a total of 279 drugs interact with Remdesivir."( Remdesivir-COVID-19: drug interactions in dentistry.
Gómez-Moreno, G, 2020)		0.56
" However, management of acute seizures in patients with COVID-19 as well as management of PWE and COVID-19 needs to consider potential drug-drug interactions between antiseizure drugs and candidate drugs currently assessed as therapeutic options for COVID-19."( Management of COVID-19 in patients with seizures: Mechanisms of action of potential COVID-19 drug treatments and consideration for potential drug-drug interactions with anti-seizure medications.
Chandra, PP; Jain, S; Potschka, H; Tripathi, M; Vohora, D, 2021)		0.62
" In spite of United States Food and Drug Administration's recent assent of remdesivir as the only approved agent for COVID-19, there is limited information available about the physicochemical, metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetic (PK), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) properties of this drug."( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions.
Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)		0.62
" Subsequently, these data were used in the Drug-Drug Interaction module to simulate drug interaction potential of remdesivir with other COVID-19 drug regimens and with agents used for comorbidities."( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions.
Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)		0.62
" We discuss the case of a hospitalized patient in the United States diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed acute pain crisis secondary to a drug-drug interaction between tramadol and remdesivir, and we propose a possible mechanism of interaction."( Acute Pain Crisis Caused by Tramadol Remdesivir Drug-Drug Interaction.
Feely, M; Ho, I; Miller, G; Teoli, D; Thompson, V; Vlaminck, B; Wright, J, 2021)		0.62
" Given that drug synergy often occurs through inhibition of discrete biological targets, here we propose a neural network architecture that jointly learns drug-target interaction and drug-drug synergy."( Deep learning identifies synergistic drug combinations for treating COVID-19.
Barzilay, R; Collins, JJ; Eastman, RT; Itkin, Z; Jaakkola, TS; Jin, W; Stokes, JM; Zakharov, AV, 2021)		0.62
"In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of quercetin in combination with remdesivir and favipiravir, were evaluated in severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients."( The therapeutic efficacy of quercetin in combination with antiviral drugs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized controlled trial.
Abolnezhadian, F; Alavi, SM; Ghafourian, M; Khodadadi, A; Mahmoudian-Sani, MR; Nashibi, R; Sharhani, A; Shohan, M, 2022)		0.72
"We retrospectively enrolled 70 unresectable HCC patients who were seropositive for HBsAg and accepted tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) therapy before anti-PD-1 in combination with an antiangiogenic treatment."( Interaction between baseline HBV loads and the prognosis of patients with HCC receiving anti-PD-1 in combination with antiangiogenic therapy undergoing concurrent TAF prophylaxis.
Chen, J; Hu, X; Li, Q; Li, R; Yuan, G; Zang, M, 2022)		0.72
"Baseline HBV loads do not affect the prognosis of HCC patients receiving anti-PD-1 in combination with an antiangiogenic therapy, while PD-1 inhibitors do not aggravate HBV reactivation and hepatic impairment in patients simultaneously subjected to TAF prophylaxis."( Interaction between baseline HBV loads and the prognosis of patients with HCC receiving anti-PD-1 in combination with antiangiogenic therapy undergoing concurrent TAF prophylaxis.
Chen, J; Hu, X; Li, Q; Li, R; Yuan, G; Zang, M, 2022)		0.72
" This case report indicated that remdesivir might interact with cytochrome P450 3A4 substrates, such as tacrolimus and everolimus, and elevate their blood concentrations under high inflammatory conditions."( Drug-drug interaction between remdesivir and immunosuppressant agents in a kidney transplant recipient.
Hirai, T; Inoue, T; Iwamoto, T; Mizuta, A; Nishikawa, K; Sasaki, T, 2022)		0.72
" In addition, this case used amiodarone (AMD), and it has been reported that the RDV concentration increases when used in combination with AMD."( [Significant Prolongation of the International Normalized Ratio Associated with COVID-19 Treatment: Possible Drug Interaction with Remdesivir].
Bando, Y; Ishii, H; Otori, K; Yokota, N, 2022)		0.72

Bioavailability

The aim of this work was to study the serum bioavailability of glucose and alanine after bolus injection into the peritoneal cavity in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that the tricin-alanine-glutamic acid conjugate exhibited enhanced permeability and stability in MDCK cells.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Alafosfalin was well absorbed after oral administration, but was extensively hydrolyzed to alanine and L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid before it reached the general circulation."( Phosphonopeptides as antibacterial agents: metabolism and pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin in animals and humans.
Allen, JG; Havas, L; Leicht, E; Lenox-Smith, I; Nisbet, LJ, 1979)		0.26
" The bioavailability of the estradiol-linked drug was determined to be 52%."( New estradiol-linked nitrosoureas: can the pharmacokinetic properties help to explain the pharmacodynamic activities?
Berger, MR; Betsch, B; Eisenbrand, G; Schmähl, D; Spiegelhalder, B, 1989)		0.28
" The magnitude of Cel changes was related to absorption rate, which was confirmed by behaviour with hypertonic solutions, where osmotic activity in the gut was lost the sooner, the more rapid absorption rate was."( Studies on intestinal absorption by single-injection technique and continuous measurement of portal vein blood electrolyte concentration and hematocrit in the alert rat.
Aziz, O; Sommer, E, 1983)		0.27
"In two different absorption studies, quantitative correlations between the in vitro dissolution rate and the bioavailability have been shown after single administration of various tablet compositions of alaproclate hydrochloride to healthy subjects."( Correlations between in vitro dissolution rate and bioavailability of alaproclate tablets.
Graffner, C; Lindgren, JE; Nicklasson, M, 1984)		0.27
" Oral bioavailability was approximately 50% and was largely independent of dose."( Pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin, alone and in combination with cephalexin, in humans.
Allen, JG; Lees, LJ, 1980)		0.26
" A possible mechanism is the known effect of thyroid hormones in reducing the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor-I."( Effects of long-term growth hormone (GH) and triiodothyronine (T3) administration on functional hepatic nitrogen clearance in normal man.
Grøfte, T; Jørgensen, JO; Møller, N; Vilstrup, H; Wolthers, T, 1996)		0.29
"The aim of this work was to study the serum bioavailability of glucose and alanine after bolus injection into the peritoneal cavity in Wistar rats and to determine the influence of their metabolism on the rate of absorption of these nutrients."( A pharmacokinetic study of peritoneal absorption of glucose and alanine in rats: nutritional implications.
Mahedero, G; Mariñõ, E; Morán, JM; Ribeiro, JM; Salas, J; Vinagre, LM, )		0.13
" The constants of absorption from peritoneal cavity (Ka) and elimination from plasma (Ke) and the serum absolute bioavailability (BA(a)) after 8 h were calculated assuming a bicompartment pharmacokinetic model."( A pharmacokinetic study of peritoneal absorption of glucose and alanine in rats: nutritional implications.
Mahedero, G; Mariñõ, E; Morán, JM; Ribeiro, JM; Salas, J; Vinagre, LM, )		0.13
"The absorption rate from peritoneal cavity is nearly 10-fold higher than the elimination rate from plasma for the three substrates."( A pharmacokinetic study of peritoneal absorption of glucose and alanine in rats: nutritional implications.
Mahedero, G; Mariñõ, E; Morán, JM; Ribeiro, JM; Salas, J; Vinagre, LM, )		0.13
"The bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the serum and tissues is controlled by members of the IGF binding protein family (IGFBP)."( Total alanine-scanning mutagenesis of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) identifies differential binding epitopes for IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3.
Dubaquié, Y; Lowman, HB, 1999)		0.3
" The rate of absorption decreased in proportion to the fall of amino acid concentration."( Absorption of leucine, alanine and lysine from the rumen.
Fébel, H; Rimanóczy, A; Veresegyházy, T, 2001)		0.31
" GS-7340 (9-[(R)-2-[[[[(S)-1-(isopropoxycarbonyl)ethyl] amino] phenoxy-phosphinyl]-methoxy] propyl] adenine) is a prodrug which is orally bioavailable in dogs as the intact prodrug and has demonstrated anti-HIV activity in cell culture of over 1000-fold greater than that of PMPA."( Metabolism of GS-7340, a novel phenyl monophosphoramidate intracellular prodrug of PMPA, in blood.
Eisenberg, EJ; He, GX; Lee, WA, )		0.13
"The practical synthesis of a mixed phenoxy-amidate derivative of PMPA with high oral bioavailability and favorable pharmacokinetics is described."( Practical synthesis, separation, and stereochemical assignment of the PMPA pro-drug GS-7340.
Chapman, H; Kernan, M; Prisbe, E; Rohloff, J; Sparacino, M; Terhorst, T; Yu, R, )		0.13
" Results from two phase I trials of the compound (single ascending dose and steady state at three doses), completed in March 2000, demonstrated that the drug is well tolerated with good bioavailability and linear pharmacokinetics [359652]."( Safinamide (Newron Pharmaceuticals).
Chazot, PL, 2001)		0.31
"A series of water-soluble L-lysyl- and L-alanyl-amide prodrugs of the lipophilic antitumor 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles has been synthesized to address formulation and bioavailability issues related to the desired parenteral administration of the chosen clinical candidate."( Antitumor benzothiazoles. 16. Synthesis and pharmaceutical properties of antitumor 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole amino acid prodrugs.
Hutchinson, I; Jennings, SA; Stevens, MF; Vishnuvajjala, BR; Westwell, AD, 2002)		0.31
" We have hypothesized that mitochondrial lysine degradation is regulated by bioavailability of 2-oxoglutarate in the same compartment, and our studies in physiologic fluid derived from patients with the above described disorders supports our hypothsis."( Plasma lysine concentration and availability of 2-ketoglutarate in liver mitochondria.
Kamoun, P; Rabier, D; Richard, V; Saudubray, JM, 2002)		0.31
" Oral bioavailability was variable and may be a result of binding to circulating plasma proteins."( Substituted 3-amino biaryl propionic acids as potent VLA-4 antagonists.
Colletti, A; DeLaszlo, SE; Egger, LA; Hagmann, WK; Kidambi, U; Kopka, IE; Lanza, T; Levorse, D; Lin, LS; Lyons, K; MacCoss, M; Magriotis, PA; McCauley, E; Mills, SG; Mumford, RA; Owens, K; Schmidt, JA; Stearns, R; Teffera, Y; Tong, S; Van Riper, G; Vincent, S; Young, D, 2002)		0.31
" In conclusion, the combinatorial use of C12 with Tau or L-Gln could lead to a novel formulation improving the bioavailability of poorly absorbable drugs without any serious local damages."( Combinatorial use of sodium laurate with taurine or L-glutamine enhances colonic absorption of rebamipide, poorly absorbable antiulcer drug, without any serious histopathological mucosal damages.
Higaki, K; Kimura, T; Minami, T; Miyake, M; Odomi, M; Ogawara, K; Oka, Y; Toguchi, H, 2003)		0.32
" In particular, these calpain inhibitors showed oral bioavailability in rats as demonstrated by N-(1-benzyl-2-carbamoyl-2-oxoethyl)-2-[E-2-(4-diethylaminomethylphenyl)ethen-1-yl]benzamide (5d)."( Benzoylalanine-derived ketoamides carrying vinylbenzyl amino residues: discovery of potent water-soluble calpain inhibitors with oral bioavailability.
Beckenbach, E; Bopp, S; Hofmann, HP; Kartal, A; Kästel, C; Lindner, T; Lubisch, W; Metz-Garrecht, M; Möller, A; Reeb, J; Regner, F; Vierling, M, 2003)		0.32
" Superoxide is known to alter the bioavailability of NO, and its contribution to the GPIIb/IIIa dependent increase in NO release was determined."( Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition enhances platelet nitric oxide release.
Chakrabarti, S; Clutton, P; Cox, D; Freedman, JE; Mascelli, MA; Varghese, S, 2004)		0.32
"To develop the safe formulation that can safely improve bioavailability of poorly absorbable drugs and that is practically available, we prepared the suppositories of rebamipide, a poorly soluble and poorly absorbable antiulcer drug, by employing the combinatorial use of sodium laurate (C12), an absorption enhancer, with taurine (Tau) or L-glutamine (L-Gln), an adjuvant exerting the cytoprotective action."( Development of suppository formulation safely improving rectal absorption of rebamipide, a poorly absorbable drug, by utilizing sodium laurate and taurine.
Higaki, K; Kamada, N; Kimura, T; Minami, T; Miyake, M; Mukai, T; Odomi, M; Ogawara, K; Oka, Y; Toguchi, H, 2004)		0.32
" This study was conducted to examine if the rebamipide lysinate salt form would exhibit improved solubility profiles and higher oral bioavailability compared with rebamipide free acid."( Oral absorption and pharmacokinetics of rebamipide and rebamipide lysinate in rats.
Han, HS; Jun, YS; Kim, CH; Lee, KC; Rho, JI; Shin, BS; Yoo, SD; Yoon, CH, 2004)		0.32
" After a single oral dose of GS 7340 (10 mg-eq/kg tenofovir) to male beagle dogs, the plasma bioavailability of tenofovir compared to an intravenous dose of tenofovir was 17%."( Selective intracellular activation of a novel prodrug of the human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir leads to preferential distribution and accumulation in lymphatic tissue.
Cihlar, T; Cundy, KC; Eisenberg, E; He, GX; Lee, WA; Mulato, A; Swaminathan, S, 2005)		0.33
" Its relatively low bioavailability in different animal species drove the need for an effective prodrug form that would produce a therapeutic response at lower doses for the treatment of anxiety disorders."( Dipeptides as effective prodrugs of the unnatural amino acid (+)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY354740), a selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist.
Bueno, AB; Catlow, J; Clay, MP; Coffey, DS; Collado, I; Dantzig, AH; de Dios, A; Domínguez, C; Herin, MF; Jiang, H; Lindstrom, T; Martín, JA; Martín, LM; Martínez-Grau, MA; Monn, JA; Montero, C; Pedregal, C; Schoepp, DD; Stratford, RE; Tabas, LB; Tizzano, JP; Wright, RA, 2005)		0.33
" Triiodothyronine (T(3)), formed chiefly by deiodination of T(4), is the active hormone at the nuclear receptor, and it is generally accepted that deiodination is the major pathway regulating T(3) bioavailability in mammalian tissues."( Alternate pathways of thyroid hormone metabolism.
Chopra, IJ; Green, WL; Hays, MT; Huang, WS; Wu, SY, 2005)		0.33
" Although animal and human studies demonstrate potential therapeutic utility, poor oral bioavailability is a limiting factor in the clinical development of these compounds."( Improved bioavailability of the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY354740 using a prodrug strategy: in vivo pharmacology of LY544344.
Hart, JC; Johnson, BG; Knitowski, KM; McKinzie, DL; Perkins, EJ; Rorick-Kehn, LM; Schoepp, DD, 2006)		0.33
" Although Tau tended to attenuate the absorption-enhancing effect of C12, several C12-Tau suppositories kept high bioavailability values, which were much higher than control."( Optimization of suppository preparation containing sodium laurate and taurine that can safely improve rectal absorption of rebamipide.
Higaki, K; Kamada, N; Kato, Y; Kimura, T; Minami, T; Miyake, M; Mukai, T; Odomi, M; Ogawara, K; Oka, Y; Toguchi, H; Yamazaki, H, 2006)		0.33
" Relative oral bioavailability (RBV) values, with the L-isomer of Met and Cys set at 100% (isosulfurous basis), are near 100% for D-Met for animals but only about 30% for humans."( Comparative species utilization and toxicity of sulfur amino acids.
Baker, DH, 2006)		0.33
" As N-methylation introduces different flexibility and lipophilicity, it can also improve the bioavailability (the ADMET profile)."( N-methylated cyclic pentaalanine peptides as template structures.
Chatterjee, J; Kessler, H; Mierke, D, 2006)		0.33
"This paper describes three methods to bioassay safinamide (CAS 133865-89-1) in biological fluids of humans and laboratory animals for pharmacokinetic, toxicokinetic and bioavailability studies."( Bioassay of safinamide in biological fluids of humans and various animal species.
Dal Bo, L; Fibbioli, M; Marzo, A; Mazzucchelli, P, 2006)		0.33
"]hexen-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, also known as LY544344, was discovered to improve the oral bioavailability of the parent drug (+)-2-aminobicyclo[3."( Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of the intestinal peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1)-targeted prodrug (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2'S)-(2-amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexen-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY544344) in rats and dogs: assessment of first-pass
Abraham, T; Perkins, EJ, 2007)		0.34
" VP-0502AL is predicted to become a new highly bioavailable anti-AIDS drug candidate and/or lead compound."( Bioavailability of the amino acid-attached prodrug as a new anti-HIV agent in rats.
Chae, KA; Cho, HJ; Kim, JS; Lee, H; Seo, DC; Shin, HC; Sung, JM, 2007)		0.34
" The oral disintegrating tablet formulation of selegiline allows pregastric absorption, minimizing first-pass metabolism, thereby increasing selegiline bioavailability and reducing the concentration of amphetamine metabolites."( Monoamine oxidase-B inhibition in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Chen, JJ; Fernandez, HH, 2007)		0.34
"A series of amino acid ester prodrugs of the dual VEGFR-2/FGFR-1 kinase inhibitor 1 (BMS-540215) was prepared in an effort to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of the parent compound."( Discovery of brivanib alaninate ((S)-((R)-1-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yloxy)propan-2-yl)2-aminopropanoate), a novel prodrug of dual vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and fibroblast growth fa
Barbosa, S; Barrish, JC; Bhide, RS; Borzilleri, RM; Cai, ZW; D'Arienzo, C; Derbin, G; Fan, J; Fargnoli, J; Hunt, JT; Jeyaseelan, R; Kamath, A; Kukral, DW; Lombardo, LJ; Marathe, P; Mortillo, S; Qian, L; Robl, JA; Shi, Z; Wautlet, BS; Wei, D; Wu, L; Zhang, Y; Zheng, X, 2008)		0.35
"Selective endothelial insulin resistance is sufficient to induce a reduction in NO bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction that is secondary to increased generation of reactive oxygen species."( Effect of endothelium-specific insulin resistance on endothelial function in vivo.
Anilkumar, N; Crossey, PA; Douglas, G; Duncan, ER; Ezzat, VA; Kearney, MI; Kearney, MT; Poston, L; Shah, AM; Walker, S; Wheatcroft, SB, 2008)		0.35
"The limited oral bioavailability of the potent and selective group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptor agonist, (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-aminobicyclo[3."( Transepithelial transport of the group II metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonist (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate (LY354740) and its prodrug (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-[(2'S)-(2'-amino)propionyl]aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxy
Eriksson, AH; Pak, YA; Perkins, EJ; Sawada, G; Varma, MV; Zimmerman, CL, 2009)		0.35
" The oral bioavailability of brivanib varied among species (22-88%) and showed dissolution rate-limited absorption even when combined with organic co-solvents."( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of brivanib (BMS-540215), a potent VEGFR2 inhibitor and its alanine ester prodrug brivanib alaninate.
Bhide, R; D'Arienzo, C; Fargnoli, J; Kamath, AV; Marathe, PH; Zhang, Y, 2009)		0.35
" Its alanyl prodrug, LY544344, showed high affinity to the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1, and improved the oral bioavailability of LY354740 in various animal models."( The intestinal absorption of a prodrug of the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY354740 is mediated by PEPT1: in situ rat intestinal perfusion studies.
Eriksson, AH; Perkins, EJ; Varma, MV; Zimmerman, CL, 2010)		0.36
" Pine and oak wood increase the immobilization of the pesticides studied, but they also limit their bioavailability in soil by decreasing their degradation rate in amended soil."( Influence of pine or oak wood on the degradation of alachlor and metalaxyl in soil.
Azejjel, H; Marín-Benito, JM; Ordax, JM; Rodríguez-Cruz, MS; Sánchez-Martín, MJ, 2012)		0.38
" Various phosphonate prodrugs were explored without success, until a novel phosphonic diamide prodrug approach was implemented, which delivered compound 30j with good oral bioavailability (OBAV) (22-47%)."( Discovery of a series of phosphonic acid-containing thiazoles and orally bioavailable diamide prodrugs that lower glucose in diabetic animals through inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
Cashion, DK; Dang, Q; DaRe, J; Erion, MD; Fan, Y; Gibson, T; Jacintho, JD; Jiang, T; Kasibhatla, SR; Lemus, R; Li, H; Li, W; Liu, Y; Potter, SC; Sun, Z; Taplin, F; Tian, F; van Poelje, PD, 2011)		0.37
"Determining the effect of selenium (Se) chemical form on uptake, transport, and glutathione peroxidase activity in human intestinal cells is critical to assess Se bioavailability at nutritional doses."( Chemical form of selenium affects its uptake, transport, and glutathione peroxidase activity in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell model.
Cheng, WH; Combs, GF; Jackson, MI; Zeng, H, 2011)		0.37
"Knowledge about the enantioselective bioavailability of chiral pesticides in soil invertebrates facilitates more accurate interpretation of their environmental behaviors."( Enantioselective bioaccumulation and toxic effects of metalaxyl in earthworm Eisenia foetida.
Diao, J; Liu, D; Xu, P; Zhou, Z, 2011)		0.37
" The results demonstrated that the tricin-alanine-glutamic acid conjugate exhibited enhanced permeability, stability in MDCK cells, and excellent bioavailability after oral administration in Crl:CD (SD) male rats."( Increased bioavailability of tricin-amino acid derivatives via a prodrug approach.
Koketsu, M; Muto, Y; Ninomiya, M; Tanaka, K; Tsuchida, Y; Watanabe, K, 2011)		0.37
" Consequently, the bioavailability of rebamipide is under 10% in humans."( Formulation of solid dispersion of rebamipide evaluated in a rat model for improved bioavailability and efficacy.
Ha, JM; Kim, JY; Oh, TO; Park, CW; Park, ES; Rhee, YS; Tung, NT, 2011)		0.37
" The bioavailability and efficacy of RBM solid dispersion were evaluated in a rat model."( Formulation of solid dispersion of rebamipide evaluated in a rat model for improved bioavailability and efficacy.
Ha, JM; Kim, JY; Oh, TO; Park, CW; Park, ES; Rhee, YS; Tung, NT, 2011)		0.37
" Bioavailability and efficacy of rebamipide were increased significantly by solubility enhancement of the drug."( Formulation of solid dispersion of rebamipide evaluated in a rat model for improved bioavailability and efficacy.
Ha, JM; Kim, JY; Oh, TO; Park, CW; Park, ES; Rhee, YS; Tung, NT, 2011)		0.37
" A simulation model and an isothermal titration calorimetry method were developed to assess the bioavailability risk and strength of drug-excipient binding interaction, independent of physiological salt concentration consideration."( Reversible and pH-dependent weak drug-excipient binding does not affect oral bioavailability of high dose drugs.
Badawy, S; Bindra, DS; Comezoglu, SN; Doyle, ML; Narang, AS; Varia, S; Yamniuk, AP; Zhang, L, 2012)		0.38
" Absorption simulation predictions of no effect of CCS binding on BA's bioavailability were confirmed by a monkey pharmacokinetic study."( Reversible and pH-dependent weak drug-excipient binding does not affect oral bioavailability of high dose drugs.
Badawy, S; Bindra, DS; Comezoglu, SN; Doyle, ML; Narang, AS; Varia, S; Yamniuk, AP; Zhang, L, 2012)		0.38
"A pH-dependent and reversible weak drug-excipient binding interaction is unlikely to affect the oral bioavailability of high dose drugs."( Reversible and pH-dependent weak drug-excipient binding does not affect oral bioavailability of high dose drugs.
Badawy, S; Bindra, DS; Comezoglu, SN; Doyle, ML; Narang, AS; Varia, S; Yamniuk, AP; Zhang, L, 2012)		0.38
" PK and PD studies in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that the bioavailability of the drug using optimal SD was about twofold higher than that of reference product, and the irritation area of stomach was significantly reduced in the ulcer-induced rat model using optimal SD as compared to the reference product."( Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of novel ternary solid dispersion of rebamipide with poloxamer 407.
Chi, SC; Ha, JM; Kim, JY; Oh, TO; Park, CW; Park, ES; Rhee, YS; Tung, NT, 2013)		0.39
" Since HAI regulates L-Arg bioavailability for NO biosynthesis, it is a potential drug target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis."( Binding of the unreactive substrate analog L-2-amino-3-guanidinopropionic acid (dinor-L-arginine) to human arginase I.
Christianson, DW; D'Antonio, EL, 2012)		0.38
"Knowledge about the enantioselective bioavailability of chiral pesticides in aquatic organisms facilitates more accurate interpretation of their environmental behaviors."( Enantioselective bioaccumulation and degradation of sediment-associated metalaxyl enantiomers in Tubifex tubifex.
Di, S; Diao, J; Liu, T; Zhou, Z, 2013)		0.39
"The purpose of this study was to improve the gastric solubility and bioavailability of rebamipide (RBM) by preparing the RBM solid dispersion tablet (RBM-SDT) from solid dispersion powder prepared by spray-drying technique."( Development of a rebamipide solid dispersion system with improved dissolution and oral bioavailability.
Choi, HG; Choi, IS; Choi, JY; Kim, JO; Pradhan, R; Tran, TH; Yong, CS, 2015)		0.42
" Our findings show that addition of BC affected the final enantioselective behavior of metalaxyl in soil indirectly by reducing its bioavailability through sorption, and to a greater extent than OMWc."( Environmental fate of the fungicide metalaxyl in soil amended with composted olive-mill waste and its biochar: An enantioselective study.
Celis, R; Cox, L; Gámiz, B; Hermosín, MC; Pignatello, JJ, 2016)		0.43
" The enhanced sorption in HT-ELA-amended soils reduced the bioavailability of metalaxyl enantiomers and their leaching in the soils, mitigating the particularly high leaching potential of the more persistent S enantiomer."( Evaluation of an organo-layered double hydroxide and two organic residues as amendments to immobilize metalaxyl enantiomers in soils: A comparative study.
Celis, R; Cornejo, J; López-Cabeza, R, 2016)		0.43
" Adding these materials to soil requires understanding the process of pesticide sorption-desorption by wood-soils, as sorption capacity could increase, with changes in pesticide bioavailability and final fate."( Study of processes influencing bioavailability of pesticides in wood-soil systems: Effect of different factors.
Arienzo, M; Herrero-Hernández, E; Marín-Benito, JM; Rodríguez-Cruz, MS; Sánchez-Martín, MJ, 2017)		0.46
" The ADME properties of these active molecules were also predicted to enhance the knowhow of the oral bioavailability, indicating good bioavailability of the active entities."( Ionic liquid mediated stereoselective synthesis of alanine linked hybrid quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives perturbing the malarial reductase activity in folate pathway.
Bhatt, JD; Chudasama, CJ; Dixit, BC; Dixit, RB; Patel, BD; Patel, TS; Patel, UH; Vanparia, SF, 2017)		0.46
"Rebamipide (RBP) is a potent anti-ulcer and anti-oxidative agent, which is a BCS class IV drug with a low oral bioavailability of less than 10%."( Capmul MCM/Solutol HS15-Based Microemulsion for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Rebamipide.
Cho, HJ; Kim, DD; Kim, KT; Lee, JY; Park, JH; Yoon, IS, 2017)		0.46
" Lactobacillus crispatus actively transported tenofovir leading to a loss in drug bioavailability and culture supernatants from Gardnerella vaginalis, but not Atopobium vaginae, blocked tenofovir endocytosis."( Vaginal microbiome modulates topical antiretroviral drug pharmacokinetics.
Cameron, SA; Cheshenko, N; Frank, B; Fredricks, D; Herold, BC; Keller, MJ; Mesquita, PM; Reagle, K; Sinclair, S; Srinivasan, S; Taneva, E; Weinrick, B, 2018)		0.48
"Rebamipide has low oral bioavailability (10%) due to its low solubility and permeability."( Lipid Nanoemulsions of Rebamipide: Formulation, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects.
Guda, S; Narala, A; Veerabrahma, K, 2019)		0.51
" BIC has demonstrated a high genetic barrier to resistance development in vitro, can be administered with or without food, and has a bioavailability of > 70%."( Bictegravir, a novel integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection.
Bhatia, R; Rizza, S; Temesgen, Z; Zeuli, J, 2019)		0.51
" Although substantial evidence has been collected about the potential usefulness of BCAAs in supporting muscle function and structure, dietary supplements containing BCAAs alone may not be effective in controlling muscle protein turnover, due to the rate-limiting bioavailability of other AAs involved in BCAAs metabolism."( Ergogenic Effect of BCAAs and L-Alanine Supplementation: Proof-of-Concept Study in a Murine Model of Physiological Exercise.
Allegretti, M; Aramini, A; Bianchini, G; Boccanegra, B; Brandolini, L; Camerino, GM; Cappellari, O; Conte, E; De Bellis, M; De Luca, A; Mantuano, P; Mele, A; Sanarica, F, 2020)		0.56
" Rebamipide, classified into BCS class IV, is one of those drugs which provide very low bioavailability and/or the difficulty of formulation for oral administration."( Improvement of lipid solubility and oral bioavailability of a poorly water- and poorly lipid-soluble drug, rebamipide, by utilizing its counter ion and SNEDDS preparation.
Higaki, K; Maruyama, M; Masuda, K; Ogawara, KI; Okawa, S; Sumimoto, Y, 2021)		0.62
"In this study, a novel rebamipide-loaded spray-dried microsphere (RSM) with enhanced drug solubility and oral bioavailability has been developed utilizing meglumine, an alkalizing agent."( Development of rebamipide-loaded spray-dried microsphere using distilled water and meglumine: physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics in rats.
Cho, JH; Choi, HG; Ko, DW, 2021)		0.62
" The reduced uptake was mainly attributed to the decreased bioavailability of R-MET and S-MET."( Biochar decreased enantioselective uptake of chiral pesticide metalaxyl by lettuce and shifted bacterial community in agricultural soil.
Fang, S; Li, F; Li, Y; Suo, F; Wang, X; Yin, S; You, X; Zhang, C; Zheng, H, 2021)		0.62
" Potent orally bioavailable antiviral drugs for early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed, and several, including molnupiravir and PF-07321332, are currently in clinical development."( Rethinking Remdesivir: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Lipid Prodrugs.
Beadle, JR; Carlin, AF; Clark, AE; Garretson, AF; Hostetler, KY; Leibel, SL; McMillan, RE; McVicar, RN; Murphy, J; Schooley, RT; Smith, VI; Valiaeva, N; Xie, J; Zhang, XQ, 2021)		0.62
"Rebamipide (REB) a potent anti-ulcer agent, has not been exploited to its full potential, owing to it extremely poor solubility, leading to highly diminutive bioavailability (<10%)."( Engineering a Remedy to Modulate and Optimize Biopharmaceutical Properties of Rebamipide by Synthesizing New Cocrystal: In Silico and Experimental Studies.
Chadha, R; Dureja, J; Jindal, A; Karan, M; Singh, R; Tomar, S, 2021)		0.62
"5 folds enhancement in relative bioavailability and remarkable amplification in anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant potential of these cocrystals were observed."( Engineering a Remedy to Modulate and Optimize Biopharmaceutical Properties of Rebamipide by Synthesizing New Cocrystal: In Silico and Experimental Studies.
Chadha, R; Dureja, J; Jindal, A; Karan, M; Singh, R; Tomar, S, 2021)		0.62
" Here, we demonstrate the in vitro antiviral activity and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of GS-621763, an orally bioavailable prodrug of GS-441524, the parent nucleoside of remdesivir, which targets the highly conserved virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase."( Therapeutic treatment with an oral prodrug of the remdesivir parental nucleoside is protective against SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in mice.
Babusis, D; Bannister, R; Baric, RS; Barrett, KT; Bilello, JP; Bleier, BJ; Brown, AJ; Chun, K; Cihlar, T; Conrad, WS; Dong, S; Du Pont, V; Feng, JY; Gully, KL; Kalla, R; Mackman, RL; Martinez, DR; May, SR; Meganck, RM; Montgomery, SA; Moreira, FR; Murakami, E; Schäfer, A; Sheahan, TP; Subramanian, R; Tang, J; Won, JJ; Zweigart, MR, 2022)		0.72
" Unexpectedly, despite enhanced dissolution rate in a controlled manner, a designed bilayer tablet had no dose- and dosage form dependent in vivo bioavailability in beagle dogs as compared with IR 100 mg RBM reference tablet."( Design and evaluation of in vivo bioavailability in beagle dogs of bilayer tablet consisting of immediate release nanosuspension and sustained release layers of rebamipide.
Cao, QR; Cui, JH; Jin, G; Jung, M; Lee, BJ; Ngo, HV; Park, C; Wang, J, 2022)		0.72
" Tenofovir has a very low oral bioavailability following oral administration."( Treatment of chronic hepatitis B: virological and pharmacological aspects
Foucault, T; Gaudy-Graffin, C; Handala, L; Marlet, J; Paintaud, G, 2022)		0.72
"A crossover, randomized trial in healthy adults (NCT04244448) investigated the bioavailability of two off-label uses of BIC/TAF/FTC (50/200/25 mg), dissolved in water or crushed in apple compote, compared with the solid tablet."( Bioavailability of dissolved and crushed single tablets of bictegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide in healthy adults: the SOLUBIC randomized crossover study.
Alix, A; Bois, J; Brucato, S; Dargere, S; Fournel, F; Fournier, A; Got, L; Gregoire, N; Hocqueloux, L; Lefeuvre, S; McNicholl, I; Parienti, JJ; Peyro-Saint-Paul, L; Prazuck, T; Valentin, C, 2022)		0.72

Dosage Studied

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of irradiated l-alanine showed differences in dose-response curves. The intestinal cotransport kinetics for glutamine is different from that of glucose and alanine.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Salbutamol was given as an infusion in the same dosage as is used to inhibit uterine contractions in cases of premature labor and in obstetric emergencies."( The immediate effect of a beta-adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Joelsson, I; Larsson, A; Lunell, NO; Persson, B, 1977)		0.26
" The inhibition reaction, readable as an 'all-or-none' phenomenon, follows a dose-response relationship for cultures affected by beta-2-thienylalanine, and is unaffected by the growth phase of the culture."( Differentiation of pathogenic, gram-negative, bacterial genera in the presence of beta-2-thienylalanine.
Brown, KJ; Lines, DR, 1976)		0.26
" A substituent NH2-terminal tripeptide and amides of the NH2-terminal amino acids, which are devoid of chemotactic and deactivating activities, reversibly inhibit the tetrapeptide stimulus in a dose-response fashion."( Structural determinants of the eosinophil: chemotactic activity of the acidic tetrapeptides of eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis.
Austen, KF; Goetzl, EJ, 1976)		0.26
" The monotherapy with the applied amino acids in the same dosage showed no tumor inhibition."( Potentiated chemotherapeutic activity of 3,6-diamino-10-methyl-acridinium by combination with glycine or DL-alpha-alanine on the Ehrlich carcinoma.
Osswald, H, 1975)		0.25
" 266, 10880-10887) identified an estrogen receptor (ER) mutant which had a similar binding affinity for estradiol as wild-type ER but displayed a dose-response shift for estradiol in transactivation studies."( Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the hormone binding domain of the human estrogen receptor. Studies in cell extracts and intact cells and their implications for hormone-dependent transcriptional activation.
Katzenellenbogen, BS; Reese, JC, 1992)		0.28
" Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally dosed with mirex (12."( Mirex exposure inhibits the uptake of estradiol-17 beta(beta-D-glucuronide), taurocholate, and L-alanine into isolated rat hepatocytes.
Teo, S; Vore, M, 1990)		0.28
" To assess the possible dose-response of such short-term bolus administration of GH, six healthy, male subjects were each studied thrice for 4 1/2 hours after an intravenous (IV) bolus of either 70, 140, or 350 micrograms GH, resulting in peak GH concentrations of 10, 15, and 34 micrograms/L."( Dose-response studies on the metabolic effects of a growth hormone pulse in humans.
Jørgensen, JO; Møller, J; Møller, N; Pørksen, N; Schmitz, O, 1992)		0.28
" The dose-response curves of these substrates suggest that the intestinal cotransport kinetics for glutamine is different from that of glucose and alanine."( Transport of glutamine, alanine and glucose by rabbit intestinal membrane.
Freire Júnior, JE; Lima, AA; Soares, AM, 1991)		0.28
" Examination by EPR silicone-alanine pellets irradiated with 60Co gamma rays in the dose range 10 to 10(6) Gy shows that the proposed silicone binder does not affect typical alanine dose-response curves."( Use of alanine-silicone pellets for electron paramagnetic resonance gamma dosimetry.
Flores, J; Galindo, S, 1991)		0.28
" Compared with the C test, maintenance of glucagon level had only small and inconsistent effects on glucose Rd, but induced a shift to the right of the dose-response curve to insulin of EGP (apparent ED50: C test, 10."( Interactions of glucagon and free fatty acids with insulin in control of glucose metabolism.
Beylot, M; Chambrier, C; Cohen, R; Picard, S; Riou, JP; Vidal, H, 1990)		0.28
"Time- and dose-response studies were conducted to determine the effects of the antidepressant and antipanic drug phenelzine (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor) on whole brain levels of the aliphatic amino acid alanine."( Long-lasting elevation of alanine in brain produced by the antidepressant phenelzine.
Baker, GB; Coutts, RT; Dewhurst, WG; Wong, JT, 1990)		0.28
" Therefore, the conversion of 14C-alanine into 14C-glucose was also determined in hypophysectomized rats dosed with TCDD (125 micrograms/kg) and given corticosterone (25 micrograms/ml in drinking water)."( Reduced gluconeogenesis in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-treated rats.
Gorski, JR; Rozman, K; Weber, LW, 1990)		0.28
" We conclude that the duration and dosage of glutamine administration (equivalent to 26 gm glutamine per day in a patient weighing 70 kg) used in this study are not sufficient to restore glutamine deficiency of the skeletal muscle in the depleted state."( Glutamine-containing dipeptides as infusion substrates in the septic state.
Fürst, P; Karner, J; Ollenschläger, G; Roth, E; Simmel, A, 1989)		0.28
" Given intraperitoneally at the single dosing range of 10-100 mg/kg, OPC-12759 inhibited the formation of these acute gastric ulcer models."( Effect of OPC-12759, a novel antiulcer agent, on chronic and acute experimental gastric ulcer, and gastric secretion in rats.
Imaizumi, T; Ishiyama, H; Kanbe, T; Yabuuchi, Y; Yamasaki, K, 1989)		0.28
" The dosage of both zimeldine and alaproclate was 200 mg daily."( Alaproclate a novel antidepressant? A biochemical and clinical comparison with zimeldine.
Aberg-Wistedt, A; Alvariza, M; Bertilsson, L; Malmgren, R; Wachtmeister, H, 1985)		0.27
" The peak FL concentration is proportional to the dose of DFA; repeated daily dosing of DFA appears to cause neither saturation nor induction of metabolic pathways."( Oxidative and defluorinative metabolism of fludalanine, 2-2H-3-fluoro-D-alanine.
Darland, GK; Hajdu, R; Kahan, FM; Kropp, H; Vandenheuvel, WJ; Walker, RW, )		0.13
" In conclusion, GNG and glycogenolysis were similarly sensitive to stimulation by glucagon in vivo, and the dose-response curves were markedly parallel."( Similar dose responsiveness of hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to glucagon in vivo.
Brown, L; Cherrington, AD; Davis, MA; Donahue, P; Hendrick, GK; Lacy, DB; Lacy, WW; Steiner, KE; Stevenson, RW; Williams, PE, 1987)		0.27
" Both analogs shifted the hANP-(1-28) dose-response curve to the left."( Atrial natriuretic peptides: the role of phenylalanine on biological activity.
Craven, TG; Kem, DC; Schiebinger, RJ, 1988)		0.27
" By contrast, comparable oral dosing with BMAA precipitates tremor and weakness, bradykinesia and behavioural changes, with conduction deficits in the principal motor pathway."( Discovery and partial characterization of primate motor-system toxins.
Hugon, J; Ludolph, A; Nunn, PB; Ross, SM; Roy, DN; Schaumburg, HH; Spencer, PS, 1987)		0.27
" These studies indicate that insulin sensitivity of AA is similar to that of glucose disposal and that AA responses to insulin exhibit a physiologically relevant, dose-response relationship."( Insulin dose-dependent reductions in plasma amino acids in man.
Fukagawa, NK; Minaker, KL; Rowe, JW; Young, VR, 1986)		0.27
" Plasma free insulin profiles reflected the dosage patterns and there was no change in insulin metabolic clearance rate in pregnancy."( Observations on the metabolic basis for altered insulin dose distribution in diabetic pregnancy.
Frier, BM; Home, PD; Johnstone, FD; Steel, JM; Young, RJ, )		0.13
"Eight 15N-labeled nonessential amino acids plus 15NH4Cl were administered over a 10-h period to four healthy adult males using a primed-constant dosage regimen."( Metabolism of nonessential 15N-labeled amino acids and the measurement of human whole-body protein synthesis rates.
Albina, JA; Dempsey, DT; Melnick, G; Settle, RG; Stein, TP, 1986)		0.27
" In addition a dose-response effect of alanine was observed."( Alanine decreases the protein requirements of infants with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.
Algert, S; Kelts, DG; Nyhan, WL; Prodanos, C; Wolff, JA, 1985)		0.27
" The log dose-response curve for depolarization was sigmoid with a mean ED(50) of 12."( Depolarizing actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid and related compounds on rat superior cervical ganglia in vitro.
Bowery, NG; Brown, DA, 1974)		0.25
" With the exception of gamma-amino butyric acid and L-alanine benzyl ester all analogues which had appreciable activity gave dose-response curves parallel to L-alanine."( Isolation and identification of pharmacologically active amino acids in skin and their structure-activity relationship on the guinea-pig ileum.
Lewis, GP; McMartin, C; Rosenthal, SR; Yates, C, 1972)		0.25
"" The precision of the method derives from a direct comparison between the cumulative dose-response curve of an agonist of unknown potency acting on one hemibladder and that of a reference compound acting on the contralateral hemibladder."( A sensitive hydroosmotic toad bladder assay. Affinity and intrinsic activity of neurohypophyseal peptides.
Eggena, P; Schwartz, IL; Walter, R, 1968)		0.25
" The dose-response curve for cAMP formation stimulated by epinephrine was shifted 1 log unit to the right in uremic muscle and adenylyl cyclase stimulation by epinephrine was shifted 1 log unit."( Skeletal muscle amino acid metabolism in chronic uremia.
Garber, AJ; Maillet, C, 1980)		0.26
" Therapeutic response to both drugs has been linked to plasma concentration of parent compound, and a nonlinear dose-response relationships might exist at high doses."( Dose-dependent metabolism, therapeutic effect, and toxicity of anticancer drugs in man.
Powis, G, 1983)		0.27
" Calcium transport rates could be partially restored by in vivo administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 at a dosage which did not affect vesicular calcium uptake in control animals."( Calcium and glucose uptake in rat small intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. Modulation by exogenous hypercortisolism and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3.
Birkenhäger, JC; Braun, HJ; De Jonge, HR, 1984)		0.27
" Dose-response curves for L-amino acids showed simple saturation."( Sodium-dependent sugar and amino acid transport in isolated goldfish intestinal epithelium: electrophysiological evidence against direct interactions at the carrier level.
Albus, H; Lippens, F; Siegenbeek van Heukelom, JS, 1983)		0.27
" With beta-2-t added to liquid cultures, however, dose-response growth relationships were exhibited by all three genera."( Comparison of liquid and agar-solidified defined media regarding the physiological mechanism by which beta-2-thienylalanine inhibits growth of Escherichia, Shigella, and Salmonella cultures.
Brown, KJ; Elliott, RB; Lines, DR; Tannock, GW, 1980)		0.26
" After block of desensitization by concanavalin-A, dose-response analysis for activation of kainate-preferring receptors in DRG neurons gave the potency sequence trifluoromethyl > iodo > bromo approximately chloro > nitro approximately cyano > kainate > methyl > fluoro > (R,S)-AMPA >> willardiine; EC50 values for the most and least potent willardiine derivatives, 5-trifluoromethyl (70 nM) and 5-fluoro (69 microM), differed 1000-fold."( Willardiines differentiate agonist binding sites for kainate- versus AMPA-preferring glutamate receptors in DRG and hippocampal neurons.
Jane, DE; Mayer, ML; Watkins, JC; Wong, LA, 1994)		0.29
" GABA dose-response characteristics of wild type and mutant receptors were very similar."( A unique amino acid of the Drosophila GABA receptor with influence on drug sensitivity by two mechanisms.
ffrench-Constant, RH; Jackson, MB; Zhang, HG, 1994)		0.29
" Co-expression of the mutants with beta 2 and gamma 2 subunits in human embryonic kidney cells produced functional receptors which are similar to the wild type in their sensitivity to a benzodiazepine agonist (U-92330), insensitivity to Zn, anion permeability, and GABA dose-response profiles as monitored with the whole cell patch clamp technique."( Acceleration of GABA-dependent desensitization by mutating threonine 266 to alanine of the alpha 6 subunit of rat GABAA receptors.
Altman, RA; Binder, JA; Dillon, GH; Im, HK; Im, WB; Pregenzer, JF, 1995)		0.29
"Time- and dose-response analyses were undertaken to investigate the effects of the substituted hydrazine monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors iproniazid and nialamide on the following: MAO-A and -B activity; levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), alanine (ALA), and the neurotransmitter amines dopamine, noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and their acid metabolites; and the activity of GABA-transaminase and ALA-transaminase."( Effects of two substituted hydrazine monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on neurotransmitter amines, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and alanine in rat brain.
Baker, GB; Paetsch, PR; Takahashi, S; Todd, KG; Yamada, N, 1993)		0.29
" PTH increased Pi transport with a biphasic dose-response curve."( Pi transport regulation by chicken growth plate chondrocytes.
Bonjour, JP; Caverzasio, J; Montessuit, C, 1994)		0.29
" The first (L) represented a typical multiphasic dose-response with low- and high-concentration inhibition separated by a sharp zonal loss of inhibition that could be abolished by alanine."( Multiphasic control of proteolysis by leucine and alanine in the isolated rat hepatocyte.
Kadowaki, M; Miotto, G; Mortimore, GE; Siliprandi, N; Venerando, R, 1994)		0.29
" The dose-response relationship for the IP3 response of L-Cys and L-Ala in the range from 10 nM to 1 mM is consistent with previous electrophysiological and ligand binding experiments."( Rapid kinetic measurements of second messenger formation in olfactory cilia from channel catfish.
Boekhoff, I; Breer, H; Restrepo, D, 1993)		0.29
" The dose-response relationship of indomethacin for inhibition of prostaglandin formation and rebamipide-induced protection correlated well and 5 mg/kg indomethacin completely prevented the protective effect of rebamipide."( Stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis mediates gastroprotective effect of rebamipide in rats.
Kleine, A; Kluge, S; Peskar, BM, 1993)		0.29
", 500, 250, and 50 micrograms/ml, in the presence of bioactivation, and at the highest dosage (500 micrograms/ml) in the absence of bioactivation."( In vitro transforming effect of the fungicides metalaxyl and zineb.
Bonora, B; Colacci, A; Grilli, S; Perocco, P, 1995)		0.29
" Both antagonists produced parallel shifts in agonist dose-response curves."( Pharmacological antagonism of the actions of group II and III mGluR agonists in the lateral perforant path of rat hippocampal slices.
Bushell, TJ; Collingridge, GL; Garthwaite, J; Jane, DE; Tse, HW; Watkins, JC, 1996)		0.29
" The T88A and T88S mutant receptor fully stimulated adenylyl cyclase, with the dose-response curves to CGS 21680 highly shifted to the right."( Hydrophilic side chains in the third and seventh transmembrane helical domains of human A2A adenosine receptors are required for ligand recognition.
Jacobson, KA; Jiang, Q; Kim, J; Van Rhee, AM; Wess, J; Yehle, S, 1996)		0.29
" Using the rat cortical wedge preparation, the latter series of experiments showed the expected rightward parallel shifts of the dose-response curves."( Functional partial agonism at ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors.
Ebert, B; Krogsgaard-Larsen, P; Madsen, U; Søby, KK, 1996)		0.29
" Rats were given hydrocortisone 21-acetate or the dosing vehicle and were infused with alanine (AA) or alanyl-glutamine (AG) at the same concentrations and rates (1."( Alanyl-glutamine prevents muscle atrophy and glutamine synthetase induction by glucocorticoids.
Hickson, RC; Karl, IE; Osborne, DF; Wegrzyn, LE, 1996)		0.29
" These measurements include dose-response of alanine at 140 MeV, and comparison of response vs energy with a parallel plate ionization chamber."( Alanine EPR dosimeter response in proton therapy beams.
Bensen, D; Desrosiers, M; Gall, K; Serago, C, )		0.13
" No evidence of tolerance to anti-MES activity after repeated dosing was observed."( Preclinical evaluation of PNU-151774E as a novel anticonvulsant.
Bonsignori, A; Cervini, MA; Fariello, RG; Maj, R; Marrari, P; McArthur, RA; Pevarello, P; Post, C; Salvati, P; Varasi, M; White, HS; Wolf, HH; Woodhead, JW, 1998)		0.3
" Sixty patients received 40 mg of omeprazole twice a day, 1500 mg of amoxicillin three times a day, and 300 mg of rebamipide three times a day (group OAR); the other 60 patients received the same dosage of omeprazole and amoxicillin but no rebamipide for two weeks (group OA)."( Effect of rebamipide on Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer.
Ando, K; Arakawa, T; Harihara, S; Higuchi, K; Ito, H; Kobayashi, K; Kuroki, T; Nebiki, H; Uchida, T, 1998)		0.3
" In conclusion, this study suggests that short-term administration of LA at high dosage to normal and diabetic rats causes an inhibition of gluconeogenesis secondary to an interference with hepatic fatty acid oxidation."( Lipoic acid acutely induces hypoglycemia in fasting nondiabetic and diabetic rats.
Bashan, N; Gutman, A; Khamaisi, M; Potashnik, R; Rudich, A; Tritschler, HJ, 1999)		0.3
" Depending on the degree of the precipitation, which was dosage dependent, and the location, which differed somewhat between the two compounds, the lesions varied from acute obstruction with tubule cell necrosis, nephron dilation, and sudden death with no inflammation to severe chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation."( Lesions and identification of crystalline precipitates of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists in the rat kidney.
Cortez, E; Fouant, M; Friedman, RM; Hribar, J; Khan, N; Levin, S; Nicholas, M; Schlessinger, S, )		0.13
" Similar evidence for PDH activation was demonstrated at 2 and 24 h after dosing in both tissues."( Biochemical and neurotoxicological effects of L-2-chloropropionic acid on rodent brain.
Bachelard, HS; Jones, P; Lock, EA; Williams, RE, 1999)		0.3
" However, it was not possible to generate dose-response curves whereas significant correlations of uptake values with T50 values were found."( The effect of oxytocin, prostaglandin E2 and acetylsalicylic acid on flow distribution and on the transfer of alanine, glucose and water in isolated perfused guinea pig placentae.
Goepel, E; Niemax, K; Rybakowski, C; Schröder, HJ, 2000)		0.31
"Pharmacokinetic responses to oral doses of the dipeptide, L-alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln), were evaluated after a single, bolus load or an intermittent dosing in normal healthy subjects (n = 8) to find the optimal mode of oral administration."( The pharmacokinetic responses of humans to 20 g of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide differ with the dosing protocol but not with gastric acidity or in patients with acute Dengue fever.
Fürst, P; Klassen, P; Mazariegos, M; Solomons, NW, 2000)		0.31
" Animals dosed with RB 120 (10 mg/kg) failed to develop a discriminative response."( Analgesic doses of the enkephalin degrading enzyme inhibitor RB 120 do not have discriminative stimulus properties.
Fournié-Zaluski, M; Hutcheson, DM; Maldonado, R; Pache, DM; Roques, BP; Sewell, RD; Subhan, F, 2000)		0.31
" Oral GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors have been associated with an increased incidence of bleeding, but additional experience may permit the design of dosing regimens that decrease this risk."( Learning from the recently completed oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist trials.
Cannon, CP, 2000)		0.31
" The competitive antagonistic action was further confirmed by the finding that rebamipide caused a parallel shift to the right in the dose-response curve of O2 production induced by fMLP."( Rebamipide suppresses formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide production by inhibiting fMLP-receptor binding in human neutrophils.
Azuma, A; Imagawa, K; Ishiyama, H; Kikuchi, M; Nagano, C; Sekiguchi, K, 2001)		0.31
" We show that the requirement for the Ceg1-binding domain of Cet1 for yeast cell growth can be circumvented by overexpression in high gene dosage of a catalytically active mutant lacking the Ceg1-binding site (Cet1(269-549)) provided that Ceg1 is also overexpressed."( An essential function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA triphosphatase Cet1 is to stabilize RNA guanylyltransferase Ceg1 against thermal inactivation.
Hausmann, S; Ho, CK; Schwer, B; Shuman, S, 2001)		0.31
" Given the considerably higher infusion volumes that will be entailed in the delivery of BPA in the new high dosage protocols, there will be a requirement to extend the gap between fractions to 2 or more days."( Boron neutron capture therapy: effects of split dose and overall treatment time.
Coderre, JA; Hopewell, JW; Micca, PL; Morris, GM; Rezvani, M, 2001)		0.31
" The inhibition of (+)-leader RNA and mRNA synthesis by wt C proteins (nonfusion) showed nearly identical dose-response curves, suggesting that inhibition occurs early in RNA synthesis."( Sendai virus wild-type and mutant C proteins show a direct correlation between L polymerase binding and inhibition of viral RNA synthesis.
Grogan, CC; Moyer, SA, 2001)		0.31
" Nevertheless, none of these fibans was able to effectively block shear-induced platelet adhesion at targeted clinical dosing regimens except for abciximab."( Comparative analysis of various platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists on shear-induced platelet activation and adhesion.
Barbera, FA; Dorsam, RT; Feuerstein, GZ; Friedman, SM; Gibbs, S; Lauver, A; Savion, N; Varon, D; Wang, H; Wang, X, 2002)		0.31
"The discovery of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in the cyclooxygenase 1 locus may ultimately improve the safe and effective use of acetylsalicylic acid by better tailoring of dosage with an individual's genetic variation."( Genetic variation in cyclooxygenase 1: effects on response to aspirin.
Halushka, MK; Halushka, PV; Walker, LP, 2003)		0.32
" Site occupancy studies combined with clot retraction experiments addressed whether high affinity and slow off-rate compounds can alter clot retraction during the dosing interval."( Regulation of clot retraction by glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists.
Billheimer, JT; He, B; Kieras, CJ; Pedicord, DL; Seiffert, D; Stern, AM, 2002)		0.31
" While the biphenyltetrazole compound candesartan dissociated slowly and behaved as an insurmountable antagonist for WT-AT(1), it dissociated swiftly and only produced a rightward shift of the angiotensin Ang II- and -IV dose-response curves for inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation in cells expressing N111G."( Peptide and nonpeptide antagonist interaction with constitutively active human AT1 receptors.
Hunyady, L; Kersemans, V; Le, MT; Szaszák, M; Vanderheyden, PM; Vauquelin, G, 2003)		0.32
" In order to examine dosage dependency in the effect of MTPG, 4 dosages of MTPG (0."( [Effects of alpha-methyl-(4-tetrazolyl-phenyl) glycine on the induction of hippocampal ischemic tolerance in the rat].
Ai, J; Chen, XL; Feng, RF; Li, QJ; Li, WB; Liu, HQ; Zhao, HG; Zhou, AM, 2003)		0.32
" Fluvoxamine was administered for 6 weeks with a specific dosage plan (50-200 mg/day) in 66 Japanese major depressive patients."( Monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphism, 5-HT 2A receptor gene polymorphism and incidence of nausea induced by fluvoxamine.
Higuchi, H; Inoue, K; Ito, K; Itoh, K; Kamata, M; Naito, S; Ohkubo, T; Sato, K; Shimizu, T; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, H; Yoshida, K, 2003)		0.32
" The contributions of the metabolites to the separation of control from dosed liver tissues varied depending on the type of spectral editing method used."( Spectral editing and pattern recognition methods applied to high-resolution magic-angle spinning 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver tissues.
Antti, H; Beckonert, O; Bollard, ME; Ebbels, TM; Holmes, E; Keun, H; Lindon, JC; Nicholson, JK; Tang, H; Wang, Y, 2003)		0.32
" These mGluRs are functionally active on catecholamine (CA) secretion in chromaffin cells because both (1S, 3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) and the specific agonist of Group I mGluRs, (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), were able to stimulate the release of CAs (adrenaline and noradrenaline) in a dose-response manner."( Expression and functional properties of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in bovine chromaffin cells.
Aránguez, I; Arce, C; Del Campo, AB; Figueroa, S; González, MP; López, E; Oset-Gasque, MJ, 2004)		0.32
" Second messenger generation by the TPbeta-Y339A and TPbeta-I343A mutants was drastically reduced compared to the wild-type receptor as suggested by dose-response and time-course experiments of inositol phosphates production following agonist treatment, despite normal coupling between the receptors and the Galpha(q) protein."( Role of the Rab11-associated intracellular pool of receptors formed by constitutive endocytosis of the beta isoform of the thromboxane A2 receptor (TP beta).
Parent, JL; Rochdi, MD; Thériault, C, 2004)		0.32
" Urine samples were collected daily for 9 days from both dosed and control animals."( A metabonomic investigation of the biochemical effects of mercuric chloride in the rat using 1H NMR and HPLC-TOF/MS: time dependent changes in the urinary profile of endogenous metabolites as a result of nephrotoxicity.
Bright, J; Knight, R; Lenz, EM; Major, H; Wilson, ID, 2004)		0.32
" Reduced dosage of CTK1 rescued the growth defect of ess1(ts) mutants, while overexpression of CTK1 enhanced the growth defects of ess1(ts) mutants."( Genetic interactions with C-terminal domain (CTD) kinases and the CTD of RNA Pol II suggest a role for ESS1 in transcription initiation and elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Hanes, SD; Rossettini, A; Wilcox, CB, 2004)		0.32
" Because 30% of panipenem and most of the betamipron are excreted in the urine in an unchanged form, renal function is the important determinant of the dosage regimen of panipenem/betamipron."( Pharmacokinetics of panipenem/betamipron in patients with end-stage renal disease.
Hishida, A; Kanamaru, M; Nagashima, S; Ohashi, N; Tajima, N; Togawa, A; Uematsu, T, 2005)		0.33
" Accordingly, when all the data for the dose-response curve and time course were correlated, a strong association was observed between the brain and CSF Abeta(40) levels."( Quantitative measurement of changes in amyloid-beta(40) in the rat brain and cerebrospinal fluid following treatment with the gamma-secretase inhibitor LY-411575 [N2-[(2S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethanoyl]-N1-[(7S)-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-di
Atack, JR; Best, JD; Ellis, S; Harrison, T; Jay, MT; Lewis, HD; Ma, J; Nadin, A; Otu, F; Pattison, C; Reilly, M; Shearman, MS; Williamson, TL, 2005)		0.33
" H-89, per se, did not modify glutamate release but reduced extracellular GABA value at the higher dosage used (200 microM)."( Differential roles of mGlu8 receptors in the regulation of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid release at periaqueductal grey level.
de Novellis, V; Maione, S; Marabese, I; Mariani, L; Palazzo, E; Rodella, L; Rossi, F; Siniscalco, D, 2005)		0.33
" The dose-response coefficient, K(dr) of sc-alanine dosimeters was stable in all investigated dose range from 1 to 23 kGy."( Solid state "self-calibrated" EPR-dosimeters-advantageous and shortcomings.
Fabisiak, S; Peimel-Stuglik, Z, 2006)		0.33
" The relevance of circadian dosing time was investigated for chronotherapeutic optimization of SDX-102."( Circadian pharmacology of L-alanosine (SDX-102) in mice.
Carrière, J; Crépin, D; Elliott, G; Guettier, C; Kanekal, S; Lévi, F; Li, XM, 2006)		0.33
"Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of irradiated l-alanine showed differences in dose-response curves obtained at low and high microwave power for a broad range of doses, up to 3000 kGy."( Combined effects of high doses and temperature on radiation-induced radicals and their relative contributions to EPR signal in gamma-irradiated alanine.
Ciesielski, B, 2006)		0.33
" Even though Cys and its oxidized product (cystine) are equally efficacious at levels at or below their dietary requirements for maximal growth, Cys is far more toxic than cystine when administered orally in the pharmacologic dosing range."( Comparative species utilization and toxicity of sulfur amino acids.
Baker, DH, 2006)		0.33
"Although plasma concentrations of panipenem were elevated and the risk of adverse events would increase in patients with renal impairment, a precise dosage regimen for patients with renal impairment has not been established."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of panipenem/betamipron in patients with various degrees of renal function.
Ishizuka, H; Naganuma, H; Tajima, N, 2006)		0.33
" Optimal dosage regimens for patients with renal impairment were determined based on the bacteriostatic index of C(20%T)>(MIC), the concentration corresponding to the time above MIC of 20% of the dosing interval."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of panipenem/betamipron in patients with various degrees of renal function.
Ishizuka, H; Naganuma, H; Tajima, N, 2006)		0.33
"The dosage regimen of panipenem for patients with renal impairment should be reduced when creatinine clearance is lower than 60 ml/min."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of panipenem/betamipron in patients with various degrees of renal function.
Ishizuka, H; Naganuma, H; Tajima, N, 2006)		0.33
" These studies demonstrate that the 3- to 5-fold therapeutic window for LY411,575 can be exploited to obtain reduction in Abeta levels without induction of intestinal side effects, that intermittent treatment could be used to mitigate side effects, and that a 6-day dosing paradigm can be used to rapidly determine the therapeutic window of novel gamma-secretase inhibitors."( Studies to investigate the in vivo therapeutic window of the gamma-secretase inhibitor N2-[(2S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethanoyl]-N1-[(7S)-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,d]azepin-7-yl]-L-alaninamide (LY411,575) in the CRND8 mouse.
Bara, T; Chen, J; Clader, JW; Higgins, GA; Hyde, LA; Josien, H; Manfra, D; McHugh, NA; Nomeir, AA; Parker, EM; Zhang, L; Zhang, Q, 2006)		0.33
" Therefore, safinamide may be used in PD to reduce l-dopa dosage and also represents a valuable therapeutic drug to test disease-modifying potential."( Safinamide: from molecular targets to a new anti-Parkinson drug.
Caccia, C; Calabresi, M; Curatolo, L; Faravelli, L; Fariello, RG; Maestroni, S; Maj, R; Salvati, P, 2006)		0.33
"Our results strongly suggest an association between the Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 with diabetes, revealing a genetic dosage effect regarding its association with diabetes in Chilean elders."( FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism and diabetes in Chilean elders.
Albala, C; Angel, B; Lera, L; Liberman, C; Pérez-Bravo, F; Sanchez, H; Santos, JL; Villarroel, A, 2007)		0.34
"Twenty patients with the active distal type of UC in whom corticosteroid treatment had been unsuccessful were treated with rectal administration of Rebamipide twice a day for 3 weeks, during which corticosteroid dosage was kept constant."( Rebamipide enema therapy as a treatment for patients with active distal ulcerative colitis.
Ando, T; Furuta, R; Goto, H; Ina, K; Ishiguro, K; Kusugami, K; Maeda, O; Watanabe, O, 2007)		0.34
" Chronic dosing of BMS-433796 in Tg2576 mice suggested a narrow therapeutic window and Notch-mediated toxicity at higher doses."( Discovery of (S)-2-((S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyacetamido)-N-((S,Z)-3-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-benzo[d][1,2]diazepin-5-yl)propanamide (BMS-433796): a gamma-secretase inhibitor with Abeta lowering activity in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheime
Barten, DM; Bergstrom, C; Corsa, JA; Dangler, C; Gao, Q; Guss, VL; Hendrick, JP; Loo, A; Polson, CT; Prasad, CV; Roberts, SB; Robertson, BJ; Sleczka, BG; Smith, DW; Vig, S; Wang, J; Yeola, S; Zheng, M, 2007)		0.34
" Enemas containing 150 mg rebamipide per dosing were administered after morning bowel movement, and always prior to bedtime, twice daily for 4 weeks."( Rebampide enema therapy as a treatment for patients with chronic radiation proctitis: initial treatment or when other methods of conservative management have failed.
Cho, M; Heo, J; Kang, DH; Kim, GH; Kim, TO; Lee, SM; Song, GA, 2008)		0.35
" In a dose-response setting in immunocompetent mice maximum bactericidal effects (10,000 times reduction) of intravenously injected (99m)Tc-hLF 1-11 was seen with 40 mg/kg whereas the same dose of orally administered (99m)Tc-hLF 1-11 induced about approximately 100 times reduction."( Various routes of administration of (99m)Tc-labeled synthetic lactoferrin antimicrobial peptide hLF 1-11 enables monitoring and effective killing of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice.
Brouwer, CP; Welling, MM, 2008)		0.35
" The colonic and plasma concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to evaluate colon-targeting action after oral administration of various dosage forms, and rebamipide with absorption enhancers in chitosan dosage forms."( Permeabilities of rebamipide via rat intestinal membranes and its colon specific delivery using chitosan capsule as a carrier.
Akira, Y; Duan, L; Huang, BB; Li, GF; Luo, JH; Nobuaki, K, 2008)		0.35
" In addition, we describe acute effect of CS-917 on fasting hyperglycemia in overnight-fasted GK rats and chronic effect of CS-917 in multiple dosing GK rats."( CS-917, a fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitor, improves postprandial hyperglycemia after meal loading in non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.
Fujiwara, T; Hagisawa, Y; Izumi, M; Ohsumi, J; Okuno, A; Takahashi, K; Yoshida, T, 2008)		0.35
" water speed and volume (both variables determining flow boundary stress in the shear device), formulation dosage and drying temperature, was set up to monitor colloid detachment."( Detachment of sprayed colloidal copper oxychloride-metalaxyl fungicides by a shallow water flow.
López-Periago, JE; Paradelo-Pérez, M; Pose-Juan, E; Rial-Otero, R; Simal-Gándara, J, 2009)		0.35
" Average losses for metalaxyl and copper oxychloride were, respectively, 29 and 50% of the quantity applied at the usual recommended dosage for crops."( Detachment of sprayed colloidal copper oxychloride-metalaxyl fungicides by a shallow water flow.
López-Periago, JE; Paradelo-Pérez, M; Pose-Juan, E; Rial-Otero, R; Simal-Gándara, J, 2009)		0.35
" Results from this approach can assist in making decisions about drug dosing and frequency in the design of larger and longer clinical trials for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and may accelerate effective drug validation."( A gamma-secretase inhibitor decreases amyloid-beta production in the central nervous system.
Bateman, RJ; Browning, KR; Demattos, RB; Friedrich, SW; Holtzman, DM; Mawuenyega, KG; May, PC; Paul, SM; Siemers, ER; Sigurdson, WC; Wen, G; Yarasheski, KE, 2009)		0.35
" In contrast, significant reduction of 40-50% of interstitial fluid Abeta and wildtype cortical Abeta was observed when infusing LY2434074 directly into the brain by means of reverse microdialysis or by dosing the BACE1 inhibitor to p-glycoprotein (p-gp) mutant mice."( Differential effects of gamma-secretase and BACE1 inhibition on brain Abeta levels in vitro and in vivo.
Bastlund, JF; Elvang, AB; Jensen, KG; Karlsson, JJ; Larsen, SA; Mørk, A; Pedersen, LØ; Stensbøl, TB; Volbracht, C, 2009)		0.35
"4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene glycine hydrazide (GlyH-101) and glibenclamide and their dose-response effect was investigated."( Electrophysiological characterization of electrolyte and nutrient transport across the small intestine in horses.
Breves, G; Burmester, M; Cehak, A; Feige, K; Geburek, F, 2009)		0.35
" In normal rats, Michaelis-Menten kinetics were able to describe the dose-response of the fitted exchange rate constants with a 13."( Kinetic modeling of hyperpolarized 13C1-pyruvate metabolism in normal rats and TRAMP mice.
Albers, MJ; Bok, R; Chen, AP; Hurd, RE; Kurhanewicz, J; Nelson, SJ; Park, I; Tropp, J; Vigneron, DB; Yen, YF; Zhang, V; Zierhut, ML, 2010)		0.36
" Vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate) were measured before and after dosing in both periods."( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two formulations of rebamipide 100-mg tablets: a randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers.
Cho, HY; Lee, YB; Park, GK; Yoon, H, 2009)		0.35
" Aiming to assess gamma/thermal neutrons dose from research reactors, Fricke gel and alanine gel solutions produced at IPEN using 300 bloom gelatin were mixed with Na(2)B(4)O(7) salt, and the mixtures were irradiated at the beam hole #3 of the IEA-R1 research reactor, (BH#3) adapted to BNCT studies, and the dose-response was evaluated using spectrophotometry technique."( Gamma/neutron dose evaluation using Fricke gel and alanine gel dosimeters to be applied in boron neutron capture therapy.
Campos, LL; Coelho, PR; Mangueira, TF; Silva, CF, )		0.13
" When placed within Saccharomyces cerevisiae G alpha subunit Gpa1, the fast-hydrolysis mutation restored appropriate dose-response behaviors to pheromone signaling in the absence of RGS-mediated GAP activity."( Regulators of G-protein signaling accelerate GPCR signaling kinetics and govern sensitivity solely by accelerating GTPase activity.
Cappell, SD; Johnston, CA; Kimple, AJ; Kuravi, S; Lambert, NA; Siderovski, DP; Willard, FS, 2010)		0.36
" In the present study, 9 dogs were treated with a single dose of the γ-secretase modulator E2012, the γ-secretase inhibitor LY450139, or vehicle with a dosing interval of 1 week."( Acute effect on the Aβ isoform pattern in CSF in response to γ-secretase modulator and inhibitor treatment in dogs.
Andreasson, U; Blennow, K; Borghys, H; Gustavsson, MK; Mercken, M; Portelius, E; Van Broeck, B; Zetterberg, H, 2010)		0.36
" The population pharmacokinetic model was used to predict exposure of the active moiety R-125338 and thus to identify potential CS-917 dosage reduction criteria."( Population pharmacokinetic model for a novel oral hypoglycemic formed in vivo: comparing the use of active metabolite data alone versus using data of upstream and downstream metabolites.
Carrothers, TJ; Habtemariam, B; Kastrissios, H; Khariton, T; Kshirsagar, S; Mager, DE; Rohatagi, S; Walker, JR, 2012)		0.38
" Two single-dose (140 mg), open-label, randomized, 3-period, crossover studies evaluated the effect of formulation, food, and time of dosing on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of semagacestat in healthy participants."( Semagacestat pharmacokinetics are not significantly affected by formulation, food, or time of dosing in healthy participants.
Annes, WF; Ayan-Oshodi, M; de la Peña, A; Friedrich, S; Lowe, SL; Sirois, PJ; Willis, BA; Zhang, W, 2012)		0.38
"After taking into account the physiochemical properties of RBM (solubility, melting point, dosage etc."( Formulation of solid dispersion of rebamipide evaluated in a rat model for improved bioavailability and efficacy.
Ha, JM; Kim, JY; Oh, TO; Park, CW; Park, ES; Rhee, YS; Tung, NT, 2011)		0.37
" Joint analysis of rs1801282-C, rs1063539-G, and rs1884614-T risk alleles showed an additive dosage effect (P for trend=0."( Association of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism with type 2 diabetes and incident coronary heart disease in a Hong Kong Chinese population.
Chan, JC; Germer, S; Ho, JS; Ma, RC; Martin, M; Ng, MC; So, WY; Tam, CH, 2012)		0.38
"This randomized, double-blind, placebo-, comparator (selegiline 10 mg/day)-, and positive (phenelzine 30 mg/day)-controlled study investigated the pressor response to oral tyramine under fasting conditions after the administration of safinamide at therapeutic (100 mg/day) and supratherapeutic (350 mg/day) dosing regimens in healthy volunteers for the purpose of assessing the need for dietary restrictions."( The effect of safinamide, a novel drug for Parkinson's disease, on pressor response to oral tyramine: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.
Astruc, B; Johne, A; Kovar, A; Krösser, S; Kupas, K; Marquet, A; Patat, A, 2012)		0.38
"A randomized, double-masked, multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-response phase II study."( Rebamipide (OPC-12759) in the treatment of dry eye: a randomized, double-masked, multicenter, placebo-controlled phase II study.
Awamura, S; Kinoshita, S; Nakamichi, N; Oshiden, K; Suzuki, H; Yokoi, N, 2012)		0.38
"73 log10 copies per milliliter, including a dose-response relationship for viral load decrease up to 25 mg."( Antiviral activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of tenofovir alafenamide as 10-day monotherapy in HIV-1-positive adults.
Berger, D; Bredeek, UF; Callebaut, C; DeJesus, E; Fordyce, MW; Markowitz, M; Ramanathan, S; Rhee, MS; Ruane, PJ; Yale, K; Zhong, L, 2013)		0.39
" This may translate into greater antiviral efficacy, a higher barrier to resistance, and an improved safety profile relative to TDF, supporting further investigation of TAF dosed once daily in HIV-infected patients."( Antiviral activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of tenofovir alafenamide as 10-day monotherapy in HIV-1-positive adults.
Berger, D; Bredeek, UF; Callebaut, C; DeJesus, E; Fordyce, MW; Markowitz, M; Ramanathan, S; Rhee, MS; Ruane, PJ; Yale, K; Zhong, L, 2013)		0.39
"4) weeks when study drug dosing was halted."( Adverse events and dropouts in Alzheimer's disease studies: what can we learn?
Henley, DB; Schneider, LS; Sethuraman, G; Sundell, KL, 2015)		0.42
" The grade of gastric mucosal injuries was evaluated by esophagogastroduodenoscopy before and after dosing (on day 0 and day 14), and the grade of gastric mucosal injury was assessed according to the modified Lanza score."( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of rebamipide for gastric mucosal injury taking aspirin with or without clopidogrel.
Fukui, H; Hida, N; Hori, K; Miwa, H; Nakamura, S; Ogawa, T; Ohda, Y; Okugawa, T; Oshima, T; Tomita, T; Tozawa, K; Watari, J, 2014)		0.4
" The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of REB in pharmaceutical dosage forms without interference from other dosage form excipients."( Stability-indicating determination of rebamipide in the presence of its acid degradation products.
Abbas, SS; El-Bardicy, MG; Essam, HA; Zaazaa, HE, )		0.13
" At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application."( Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil.
Cui, Y; Hu, D; Li, X; Li, Z; Liu, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, K; Zhu, H, 2014)		0.4
" The optimized RBM-SD was formulated in tablet dosage form, containing approximately 2 % sodium lauryl sulphate and poloxamer F68 as wetting agents."( Development of a rebamipide solid dispersion system with improved dissolution and oral bioavailability.
Choi, HG; Choi, IS; Choi, JY; Kim, JO; Pradhan, R; Tran, TH; Yong, CS, 2015)		0.42
" Adherence to the dosing regimen has emerged as a critical factor determining efficacy outcomes of clinical trials."( Pharmacokinetics of long-acting tenofovir alafenamide (GS-7340) subdermal implant for HIV prophylaxis.
Baum, MM; Beliveau, M; Fanter, R; Gunawardana, M; Hendrix, CW; Marzinke, MA; Miller, CS; Moss, JA; Remedios-Chan, M; Smith, TJ; Yang, F, 2015)		0.42
"Rats were given either vehicle or rebamipide (30 mg/kg) orally twice daily for two days, then on the third day respective groups were dosed with either vehicle, celecoxib (40 mg/kg), or diclofenac (10 mg/kg) in addition to a respective dose of vehicle or rebamipide."( Celecoxib or diclofenac hepatic status in the presence or absence of rebamipide.
Denham, JW; Harirforoosh, S; Murrell, DE; Panus, PC; Rahmasari, Y, 2015)		0.42
" There was a significantly positive dose-response association between SUA levels and the prevalence of elevated ALT."( Association between Serum Uric Acid and Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase in the General Population.
Chen, S; Guo, X; Li, Z; Sun, G; Sun, Y; Yang, H; Yu, S, 2016)		0.43
" When dosed once-daily, TAF results in approximately 90% lower levels of plasma TFV and a 4-fold increase in intracellular TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) in PBMCs compared with the TFV prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)."( Viability of primary osteoblasts after treatment with tenofovir alafenamide: Lack of cytotoxicity at clinically relevant drug concentrations.
Babusis, D; Callebaut, C; Kitrinos, K; Liu, Y; Miller, M; Ray, A, 2017)		0.46
" The pretreatment period, dosing frequency, and dose dependency of rebamipide were examined."( Intra-oral administration of rebamipide liquid prevents tongue injuries induced by X-ray irradiation in rats.
Nakashima, T; Sakurai, K; Uematsu, N, 2017)		0.46
"After tenofovir alafenamide dosing in vivo , tenofovir-dp was unquantifiable in most tissues (91%) although cervical and vaginal epithelial cells efficiently formed tenofovir-dp from tenofovir alafenamide in vitro ."( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide and its active metabolite in the mucosal tissues.
Cottrell, ML; Emerson, CW; Garrett, KL; Gay, C; Kashuba, ADM; McCallister, S; Peery, A; Prince, HMA; Rooney, JF; Schauer, A; Sykes, C, 2017)		0.46
" Developing efficient nanodrugs could reduce the dosage and greatly improve the therapeutic effects in cancer treatments."( Amino acid functionalized gadofullerene nanoparticles with superior antitumor activity via destruction of tumor vasculature in vivo.
Deng, R; Guan, M; Guo, J; Jia, W; Li, J; Li, X; Lu, Z; Shu, C; Sun, L; Wang, C; Yu, T; Zhang, Y; Zhen, M; Zhou, Y; Zou, T, 2017)		0.46
" A significant dose-response effect between (R, S)-benalaxyl and global methylation level was observed."( Acylamino acid chiral fungicides on toxiciepigenetics in lambda DNA methylation.
Chang, J; Guo, B; Hao, W; Wang, H; Xu, Q; Yin, J; Zhu, F, 2017)		0.46
" Safinamide will help to reduce dosing of levodopa but also of dopamine agonists during long term treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease."( Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of safinamide mesylate for the treatment of mid-to-late stage Parkinson's disease.
Müller, T, 2017)		0.46
" Historical studies have suggested that every 21-day dosing is effective with acceptable toxicity."( Rabacfosadine for relapsed canine B-cell lymphoma: Efficacy and adverse event profiles of 2 different doses.
Burgess, KE; Clifford, CA; Fan, TM; Morges, MA; Phillips, B; Saba, CF; Thamm, DH; Vail, DM; Vickery, KR; Wright, ZM, 2018)		0.48
" Effective rabies antivirals for therapeutic use need to be molecules that can be dosed into the cerebrospinal fluid and that rapidly and potently block ongoing virus replication and as such stop the further spread of the virus."( The path towards effective antivirals against rabies.
Jochmans, D; Neyts, J, 2019)		0.51
" Areas covered: The favourable pharmacological profile of TAF allows a marked reduction in dosage (25 mg/day) thus reducing systemic exposure to tenofovir and improving the bone and renal safety, keeping however the same virological efficacy, compared to TDF 300 mg/day."( Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) treatment of HBV, what are the unanswered questions?
Grossi, G; Lampertico, P; Loglio, A; Viganò, M, 2018)		0.48
" Using a murine model, we compared the plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of TFV and various TFV prodrugs, including tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), and hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157), after dosing as enema formulations with varying osmolality and ion content."( Development of rectal enema as microbicide (DREAM): Preclinical progressive selection of a tenofovir prodrug enema.
Bensouda, S; Cone, RA; Date, AA; Ensign, LM; Fuchs, EJ; Gumber, S; Hanes, J; Hendrix, C; Hoang, T; Marzinke, M; Ortiz, JO; Rohan, L; Villinger, F; Xiao, P; Young, TW, 2019)		0.51
"The goal of this work was to evaluate dosing strategies for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), and emtricitabine (FTC) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with injection drug use with a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis of concentration data generated from two single-dose clinical studies conducted in healthy women."( A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model to Predict Effective HIV Prophylaxis Dosing Strategies for People Who Inject Drugs.
Chen, J; Cottrell, ML; Dumond, JB; Garrett, KL; Maas, BM; Prince, HA; Schauer, AP; Sykes, C; White, N, 2018)		0.48
" At baseline (pre-switch) and at 12 weeks post-switch, we measured HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma (SP) and blood plasma (BP), tenofovir (TFV) in SP and BP, and TFV-diphosphate (dp) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and seminal mononuclear cells (SMCs) at the end of the dosing interval (C24h)."( Seminal Tenofovir Concentrations, Viral Suppression, and Semen Quality With Tenofovir Alafenamide, Compared With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network, PreEC/RIS 40).
Cottrell, ML; Garcia, B; Imaz, A; Kashuba, ADM; Morenilla, S; Niubó, J; Perez, E; Podzamczer, D; Tiraboschi, JM, 2019)		0.51
"High urine FTC and TFV concentrations could provide an indication of adherence to daily oral dosing with TDF or TAF-based regimens used for treatment and prevention."( Brief Report: Urine Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Concentrations Provide Markers of Recent Antiretroviral Drug Exposure Among HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men.
Conway-Washington, C; Dinh, C; Fountain, J; Haaland, RE; Hall, L; Holder, A; Kelley, CF; Livermont, T; Lupo, LD; Martin, A, 2019)		0.51
"Of the 61 patients who received at least one dose of remdesivir, data from 8 could not be analyzed (including 7 patients with no post-treatment data and 1 with a dosing error)."( Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19.
Ahmed, S; Asperges, E; Bernett, J; Brainard, DM; Cao, H; Castagna, A; Chelliah, D; Chen, D; Chihara, S; Childs, R; Chokkalingam, A; Cohen, SH; Cunningham, J; D'Arminio Monforte, A; Desai, P; DeZure, A; Diaz, G; Elboudwarej, E; Feldt, T; Flanigan, T; Gaggar, A; Green, G; Green, ML; Grein, J; Henne, I; Ismail, S; Kato, H; L'Her, E; Lapadula, G; Lescure, FX; Maeno, T; Majumder, S; Massari, M; Mera, R; Mora-Rillo, M; Mutoh, Y; Myers, RP; Nguyen, D; Nicastri, E; Oda, R; Ohmagari, N; Osinusi, AO; Quiros-Roldan, E; Redinski, J; Sellers, S; Shin, D; Studemeister, A; Tan, SK; Telep, L; Timbs, L; Verweij, E; Winterbourne, L; Yo, K; Zhao, Y; Zhong, L; Zoufaly, A, 2020)		0.56
" AEs were most commonly of gastrointestinal origin (hyporexia/diarrhoea) and generally resolved with supportive treatment and/or dosage adjustment."( Rabacfosadine for naïve canine intermediate to large cell lymphoma: Efficacy and adverse event profile across three prospective clinical trials.
Burgess, K; Clifford, C; Curran, K; Elmslie, R; Fan, T; Phillips, B; Post, G; Saba, CF; Thamm, D; Vail, D; Wright, Z, 2020)		0.56
"\ Conclusions: The patients were generally satisfied with the change in medication and well nformed about the dosage and advantages of TAF over TDF, but less well informed about the possible adverse effects of TAF."( Satisfaction and knowledge among patients with HIV after switching from tenofovir to tenofovir alafenamide in regimens containing emtricitabine and rilpivirine
Bermejo-Vicedo, T; Gramage-Caro, T; Montero-Llorente, B; Rodríguez-Sagrado, MÁ; Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés, M, 2020)		0.56
" To support pediatric clinical studies for investigational treatments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pediatric-specific dosing is required."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"To define pediatric-specific dosing regimens for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir for COVID-19 treatment."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to inform pediatric dosing for hydroxychloroquine."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
" A simulation-based dose-ranging study was conducted in simulated children exploring different absolute and weight-normalized dosing strategies."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"For hydroxychloroquine, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model analysis included 500 and 600 simulated white adult and pediatric participants, respectively, and supported weight-normalized dosing for children weighing less than 50 kg."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"This analysis provides pediatric-specific dosing suggestions for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir and raises concerns regarding hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 treatment because concentrations were less than those needed to mediate an antiviral effect."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"TAF-DBS was a randomized, crossover clinical study of TFV-DP in DBS, following directly observed dosing of 33%, 67%, or 100% of daily TAF (25 mg)/FTC (200 mg)."( Intracellular Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots Following Tenofovir Alafenamide: The TAF-DBS Study.
Anderson, PL; Brooks, KM; Bushman, LR; Castillo-Mancilla, J; Ibrahim, ME; Kiser, JJ; MaWhinney, S; McCallister, S; McHugh, C; Morrow, M; Yager, J, 2020)		0.56
" Together, these moieties provide complementary measures of cumulative adherence and recent dosing for TAF/FTC."( Intracellular Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots Following Tenofovir Alafenamide: The TAF-DBS Study.
Anderson, PL; Brooks, KM; Bushman, LR; Castillo-Mancilla, J; Ibrahim, ME; Kiser, JJ; MaWhinney, S; McCallister, S; McHugh, C; Morrow, M; Yager, J, 2020)		0.56
" Remdesivir was dosed intravenously at 200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg/d."( Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients With Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Ahn, MY; Arribas López, JR; Bernasconi, E; Bhagani, S; Blair, C; Brainard, DM; Cao, H; Castagna, A; Cattelan, AM; Chai, LYA; Chang, SC; Criner, GJ; Gaggar, A; Gottlieb, RL; Huhn, G; Hyland, RH; Le Turnier, P; Malhotra, P; Marty, FM; McPhail, MJ; Mullane, KM; Ogbuagu, O; Osinusi, AO; Roestenberg, M; Sanyal, AJ; SenGupta, D; Soriano Viladomiu, A; Spinner, CD; Tsang, OTY; Wang, H, 2020)		0.56
" The known association between ACPA level and alanine at position 74 of HLA-DRβ1 in ACPA-positive RA was revisited to understand the phenotypic effect of allele-specific expression of HLA-DRB1 by modeling multivariate logistic regression with the genomic dosage or relative expression dosage of Ala-74 in 2 independent sets of 1,723 Korean RA patients with ACPA."( Allele-Specific Quantification of HLA-DRB1 Transcripts Reveals Imbalanced Allelic Expression That Modifies the Amino Acid Effects in HLA-DRβ1.
Bae, SC; Bang, SY; Chun, S; Cui, J; Gu, KN; Ha, E; Kim, K; Lee, HS, 2021)		0.62
" The association between HLA-DRβ1 Ala-74 and ACPA level in RA was better explained by relative expression dosage of Ala-74 than by the genomic dosage (change in Akaike's information criterion = -6."( Allele-Specific Quantification of HLA-DRB1 Transcripts Reveals Imbalanced Allelic Expression That Modifies the Amino Acid Effects in HLA-DRβ1.
Bae, SC; Bang, SY; Chun, S; Cui, J; Gu, KN; Ha, E; Kim, K; Lee, HS, 2021)		0.62
" Therapies dosed soon after peak viral load when symptoms develop may decrease shedding duration and immune response intensity but have little effect on viral area under the curve (AUC), which is driven by high early viral loads."( Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response.
Cardozo-Ojeda, EF; Goyal, A; Schiffer, JT, 2020)		0.56
" This review summarizes the current data for the most commonly used drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 and will cover the unique factors that may affect the dosing of these medications in patients with CKD."( Treatment Options for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients With Reduced or Absent Kidney Function.
Govil, A; Luckett, K; Miller-Handley, H, 2020)		0.56
" Recommendations were made based on available data, consideration of pharmacokinetic properties (including variability), the dosing and anticipated treatment duration of each regimen in COVID-19 and known toxicities."( Recommendations for Dosing of Repurposed COVID-19 Medications in Patients with Renal and Hepatic Impairment.
Back, D; Boyle, A; Burger, D; Davidson, K; El-Sherif, O; Gibbons, S; Khoo, S; Marra, F; Marzolini, C; Siccardi, M; Smolders, EJ; Sommerville, AJ, 2021)		0.62
"In this study, a green stability indicating chromatographic methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of tenofovir alafenamide in the presence of its degradation products in bulk powder as well as in dosage forms."( Assessment of the greenness of new stability indicating micellar UPLC and HPTLC methods for determination of tenofovir alafenamide in dosage forms.
Abdel-Razeq, SA; Nasr, ZA; Said, NS, 2021)		0.62
" As opposed to intravenous injection, extended release subcutaneous injection has the benefits of reducing face-to-face contact, minimizing hospitalization, reducing dosing frequency and reducing overall health care cost."( Self-injectable extended release formulation of Remdesivir (SelfExRem): A potential formulation alternative for COVID-19 treatment.
Palekar, S; Patel, K; Patki, M; Reznik, S, 2021)		0.62
" However, should some hospitalized patients have dosage escalation to intermediate dose? Should some be considered for full-dose anticoagulation without a measurable thromboembolic event and how should that anticoagulation be monitored? Should patients receive postdischarge anticoagulation and with what medication and for how long? What thrombotic issues are related to the various medications being used to treat this coagulopathy? Is antiphospholipid antibody part of this syndrome? What is the significance of isolated ischemic stroke and limb ischemia in this disorder and how does this interface with the rest of the clinical and laboratory features of this disorder? The aims of this article are to explore these questions and interpret the available data based on the current evidence."( COVID-19 and Its Implications for Thrombosis and Anticoagulation.
Berkman, SA; Tapson, VF, 2021)		0.62
" We describe utilizing the recall antigen assay platform to screen small molecule drug off-target effects on memory T cell expansion/function using a dosing regimen based on adenosine treatment."( Adenosine-related small molecules show utility of recall antigen assay to screen compounds for off-target effects on memory T cells.
Daftarian, PM; George, MV; Kleiman, E; Magcase, D; Mao, B; Sierra, G, 2021)		0.62
" Frequent dosing is therefore required, which needs expert personnel and multiple hospital visits and can result in serious side effects."( Aerosolized nanoliposomal carrier of remdesivir: an effective alternative for COVID-19 treatment
Kunda, NK; Patel, K; Patil, SM; Patki, M; Saraswat, A; Vartak, R, 2021)		0.62
" TAF was well tolerated and only 4 patients discontinued therapy due to adverse event during a median duration of TAF dosing of 74 weeks."( Safety and Effectiveness of Tenofovir Alafenamide in Usual Clinical Practice Confirms Results of Clinical Trials: TARGET-HBV.
Bernstein, DE; Fried, MW; Lok, AS; Mospan, AR; Schiff, ER; Smith, CI; Trinh, HN; Zink, RC, 2022)		0.72
" These methods are useful for analysis of REB in pharmaceutical dosage form."( Development and Validation of Four Spectrophotometric Methods for Assay of Rebamipide and its Impurity: Application to Tablet Dosage Form.
Alqarni, MA; El Ghobashy, MR; Farid, NF; Moatamed, RS; Naguib, IA, 2022)		0.72
" No studies have yet compared TFV-DP in PBMC from lower than daily dosing between prodrugs, which has potential implications for event-driven preexposure prophylaxis and pharmacologic forgiveness."( Tenofovir-diphosphate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during low, medium and high adherence to emtricitabine/ tenofovir alafenamide vs. emtricitabine/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Anderson, PL; Brooks, KM; Bushman, L; Castillo-Mancilla, JR; Ibrahim, M; Kiser, JJ; MaWhinney, S; Morrow, M; Nemkov, C; Peterson, S; Yager, JL, 2021)		0.62
"HIV-negative adults were randomized to two 12-week DOT regimens of 33, 67 or 100% of daily dosing with emtricitabine (F)/TAF 200 mg/25 mg (TAF-DBS) or F/TDF 200 mg/300 mg (DOT-DBS), separated by a 12-week washout."( Tenofovir-diphosphate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during low, medium and high adherence to emtricitabine/ tenofovir alafenamide vs. emtricitabine/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Anderson, PL; Brooks, KM; Bushman, L; Castillo-Mancilla, JR; Ibrahim, M; Kiser, JJ; MaWhinney, S; Morrow, M; Nemkov, C; Peterson, S; Yager, JL, 2021)		0.62
" Low-dose radiation (LDR), at a much lower dosage than applied in cancer treatment, re-emerged after a 75-year silence in its use in unresolved pneumonia, as a scientific interest with surprising effects in soothing the cytokine storm and other symptoms in severe COVID-19 patients."( COVID-19: The Disease, the Immunological Challenges, the Treatment with Pharmaceuticals and Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation.
Azzam, EI; Jadhav, AB; Wang, Y; Yu, J, 2021)		0.62
" These predictions along with the organ impairment study results may be used to support decision making regarding the RDV dosage adjustment in these patient subgroups."( Whole Body PBPK Modeling of Remdesivir and Its Metabolites to Aid in Estimating Active Metabolite Exposure in the Lung and Liver in Patients With Organ Dysfunction.
Arya, V; Earp, JC; Fan, J; Grimstein, M; Kitabi, E; Reynolds, KS; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, X; Zhu, H, 2022)		0.72
" Its clinical efficacy has been evaluated, but needs to be optimized with regard to timing, dosage and duration of treatment, and route of administration."( Remdesivir: Quo vadis?
De Clercq, E, 2021)		0.62
" We found that mean (standard deviation) recovery of RDV at 6 hours after dosing was low in both the ECMO (33."( Remdesivir and GS-441524 Extraction by Ex Vivo Extracorporeal Life Support Circuits.
Green, DJ; Imburgia, CE; Kelley, WE; Mcknite, AM; Reilly, CA; Rower, JE; Watt, KM, 2022)		0.72
"This is an open-label, randomized, fixed sequence single intravenous dosing study to assess pharmacokinetic interactions between remdesivir and TDF/3TC (Study A, crossover design) or TDF/3TC plus ATV/r (Study B)."( An open-label, randomized, single intravenous dosing study to investigate the effect of fixed-dose combinations of tenofovir/lamivudine or atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir in Ugandan healthy volunteers (RemTLAR).
Byakika-Kibwika, P; D'Avolio, A; Kaboggoza, JP; Lamorde, M; Waitt, C; Walimbwa, SI, 2021)		0.62
" Inhalation RDV dosing resulted in lower systemic exposures to RDV and its metabolites as compared with IV RDV dosing."( Inhaled remdesivir reduces viral burden in a nonhuman primate model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Babusis, D; Bannister, R; Bilello, JP; Cihlar, T; Ellis, S; Gigliotti, A; Hartke, J; Irshad, H; Kadrichu, N; Kim, C; Kuehl, PJ; Lee, WA; Ma, B; Mackman, RL; Murakami, E; Niu, C; Pitts, J; Porter, DP; Rautiola, D; Seigel, D; Smith, B; Subramanian, R; Tomkinson, A; Vermillion, MS; Yang, J; Zhao, X, 2022)		0.72
" Tenofovir is an important component of management, but the associated risk of nephrotoxicity makes dosing a challenge in patients with impaired kidney function."( Tenofovir alafenamide: An initial experience at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Barday, Z; Geragotellis, A; Naicker, V; Patel, S; Sanglay, L; Sonderup, M; Spearman, CW; Wearne, N, 2022)		0.72
" Unexpectedly, despite enhanced dissolution rate in a controlled manner, a designed bilayer tablet had no dose- and dosage form dependent in vivo bioavailability in beagle dogs as compared with IR 100 mg RBM reference tablet."( Design and evaluation of in vivo bioavailability in beagle dogs of bilayer tablet consisting of immediate release nanosuspension and sustained release layers of rebamipide.
Cao, QR; Cui, JH; Jin, G; Jung, M; Lee, BJ; Ngo, HV; Park, C; Wang, J, 2022)		0.72
" Systemic drug disposition during TAF implant dosing was explained by a multi-compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) model."( Fundamental aspects of long-acting tenofovir alafenamide delivery from subdermal implants for HIV prophylaxis.
Baum, MM; Beliveau, M; Buser, C; Caprioli, RM; Castonguay, AE; Gallay, PA; Gunawardana, M; Hendrix, CW; Kuo, J; Marzinke, MA; Moss, JA; Remedios-Chan, M; Reyzer, ML; Sanchez, D; Trinh, M; Tuck, M; Webster, P; Webster, S, 2022)		0.72
" Alternative dosing regimens were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations."( Population Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir and GS-441524 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.
Bosma, LBE; Leegwater, E; Moes, DJAR; Ottens, TH; van der Meer, IM; van Nieuwkoop, C; Wilms, EB, 2022)		0.72
" Our existing PK model, supported by an intravenous (IV) dosing dog study, was adapted to analyze mechanistic aspects underlying implant TAF delivery."( Preclinical Considerations for Long-acting Delivery of Tenofovir Alafenamide from Subdermal Implants for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis.
Baum, MM; Beliveau, M; Fanter, R; Gallay, PA; Gunawardana, M; Kuo, J; Marzinke, MA; Moss, JA; Ramirez, CM; Remedios-Chan, M; Sanchez, D; Trinh, M; Webster, P; Webster, S, 2023)		0.91
"A comparative investigation of amino acids (proline, cysteine, and alanine) as dosimetric materials using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in the absorbed dosage range of 1-25 kGy is presented."( Application of Amino Acids for High-Dosage Measurements with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Karakirova, Y, 2023)		0.91
" However, considering its rapid uptake into target cells, we suggest only a cautious increase of tenofovir alafenamide dosage intervals to 2 or 3 days only in case of moderate or severe CKD, respectively."( Population pharmacokinetic modelling to characterize the effect of chronic kidney disease on tenofovir exposure after tenofovir alafenamide administration.
Alves Saldanha, S; Andre, P; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Courlet, P; Decosterd, LA; Desfontaine, V; Guidi, M; Kusejko, K; Thoueille, P, 2023)		0.91
" AUC in the dosing interval at steady state was 13,150 and 23,100 ng • h/mL for 50 and 100 mg of safinamide."( Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study of Single and Multiple Oral Doses of Safinamide in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Cattaneo, C; Jing, S; Leuratti, C; Vaja, V; Yuan, Y, 2023)		0.91
" On 3 dpi, one group received a loading dose of 10 mg/kg remdesivir followed by daily dosing with 5 mg/kg for 11 days, one group received 10 mg/kg on 12 consecutive days, and the remaining group received an equivalent volume of vehicle solution."( Late remdesivir treatment initiation partially protects African green monkeys from lethal Nipah virus infection.
Bunyan, E; Cihlar, T; de Wit, E; Feldmann, F; Feldmann, H; Goldin, K; Lo, MK; Lovaglio, J; Okumura, A; Porter, DP; Saturday, G; Spiropoulou, CF; Williamson, BN, 2023)		0.91
" coli HNIQLE-AlaDH expressing ω-transaminase from Aspergillus terreus and alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis was firstly used aminate lignin-derived vanillin to vanillylamine by using a relatively low dosage of amine donors (vanillin:L-alanine:isopropylamine = 1:1:1, mol/mol/mol)."( Biological valorization of lignin-derived vanillin to vanillylamine by recombinant E. coli expressing ω-transaminase and alanine dehydrogenase in a petroleum ether-water system.
Chai, H; He, YC; Li, L; Ma, C, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

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ALLMAX Nutrition A-Cuts Amino-Charged Energy Drink Goji Berry Martini -- 30 ServingsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition A-Cuts™ Amino-Charged Energy Drink Arctic Orange -- 30 ServingsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition A-Cuts™ Amino-Charged Energy Drink Blue Raspberry -- 30 ServingsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition A-Cuts™ Amino-Charged Energy Drink Piña Colada -- 30 ServingsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition A-Cuts™ Amino-Charged Energy Drink Watermelon -- 30 ServingsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition A:Cuts Amino Charged Energy Drink Peach Mango -- 7.4 ozALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Phenylalanine, Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY CLASSIC Pure Whey Protein Blend Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY Gold Premium Isolate-Whey Protein Blend Chocolate -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY® CLASSIC Pure Whey Protein Blend Chocolate -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Classic AllWhey® 100% Whey Protein Source Vanilla -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Gold AllWhey Premium Whey Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Banana -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Peanut Butter Chocolate -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Strawberry -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Isoflex Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 0.9 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Isoflex Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 0.9 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoNatural™ Pure Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Hydroxyproline, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoNatural™ Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin A, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Chocolate -- 2 lbsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, Vitamin A, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Strawberry -- 2 lbsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, Vitamin A, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Vanilla -- 2 lbsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, Vitamin A, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Nutrition Grass Fed Whey Protein Unflavored -- 2 lbsAmazing NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy Myers MD Paleo Protein Mocha Latte -- 29.31 ozAmy Myers MDProfessional SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
AnabolNaturals Amino Balance -- 3.53 ozAnabolNaturalsActive Lifestyle & Fitness L-5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan, L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Serine, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Multi Collagen Advanced - Lean -- 90 CapsulesAncient NutritionVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Chocolate Fudge -- 4 lbsAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Classic Vanilla -- 28.8 ozAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Classic Vanilla -- 4 lbsAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 30 PacksAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 44 PacksAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Amplifying Serum -- 1 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Amplifying Serum -- 3 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Volumizing Brow Filler Auburn -- 0.12 ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Volumizing Brow Filler Clear -- 0.12 ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Densifying Conditioner -- 13.5 fl ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carealanine, amaranth, arginine, aspartic acid, caffeine, cetearyl alcohol, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Densifying Shampoo -- 13.5 fl ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, glyceryl oleate, PCA, alanine, amaranth, arginine, aspartic acid, biotin, caffeine, cocamidopropyl betaine, decyl glucoside, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Enhancing Conditioner -- 1 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Enhancing Conditioner -- 3 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Essential Serum -- 0.03 fl ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Essential Serum -- 2 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Essential Serum -- 4 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Baebody Eye Gel -- 1.7 fl ozBaebodyBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, vitamin E, dimethyl sulfone, vitamin E, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Baebody Eye Gel Travel Size -- 0.5 fl ozBaebodyBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, vitamin E, dimethyl sulfone, vitamin E, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Pea Protein Unflavored -- 27 ServingsBalanced GreensActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Chocolate -- 27.3 ozBiochem SportsWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Vanilla -- 12.2 ozBiochem SportsWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Vanilla -- 24.4 ozBiochem SportsWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Chocolate -- 30.9 ozBiochem SportsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Protein Powder Sugar-Free Vanilla -- 11.8 ozBiochem SportsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Capsules -- 180 CapsulesBioOptimalVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 10.58 ozBioOptimalVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 15.87 ozBioOptimalVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioSchwartz Collagen Peptides Bio+ Powder Unflavored -- 16 ozBioSchwartzVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Chocolate -- 2 lbsBluebonnet NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbsBluebonnet NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Original -- 2.2 lbsBluebonnet NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Keto Collagen Protein Powder Chocolate - Hydrolyzed Multi Collagen Peptides + MCT Oil -- 18.17 ozCodeageProfessional SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Marine Collagen Peptides Powder - Hydrolyzed Fish Collagen Protein Supplement -- 15.87 ozCodeageProfessional SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Hydroxylysine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Multi Collagen Peptides + Hyaluronic Acid Powder Supplement Vitamin C & Probiotic Unflavored -- 10.58 ozCodeageProfessional SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Multi Collagen Peptides Powder - Grass-Fed Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein Unflavored -- 20 ozCodeageProfessional SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Multi Collagen Peptides Powder-Biotin 10000 mcg-Keratin-Hyaluronic Acid-Vitamin C - Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein -- 11.5 ozCodeageProfessional SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Proline, Vitamin B6, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Cymbiotika Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 30 ozCymbiotikaWeight Management Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cellulase, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Alpha GPC, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Amino 21™ -- 90 CapsulesDaVinci LaboratoriesProfessional SupplementsL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Isoleucine, DL-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Taurine, Tyrosine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dead Sea Naturals Facial Day Cream -- 1.7 fl ozDead Sea NaturalsBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, alanine, allantoin, cetyl alcohol, chlorphenesin, tocopherol, tocopherol, vitamin E, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, glycine, dimethicone, hexyl cinnamal, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, linalool, phenoxyethanol, peg-40 stearate, propanediol, sodium benzoate, urea2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dead Sea Naturals Skincare Starter Kit -- 1 KitDead Sea NaturalsBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, butylene glycol, aminomethyl propanol, methylpropanediol, citric acid, ascorbyl palmitate, alanine, allantoin, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbic acid, bisabolol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate, chlorphenesin, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, tocopherol, panthenol, pro vitamin B5, ethylhexylglycerin, farnesol, tocopherol, vitamin E, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, glycine, dimethicone, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxyethylcellulose, pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate, isopropyl myristate, kaolin, lactic acid, linalool, niacinamide, phenoxyethanol, peg-40 stearate, propylene glycol, salicylic acid, beta-sitosterol, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium lactate, squalene, stearyl alcohol, trehalose, urea, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Derma E Advanced Peptides & Collagen Serum -- 2 fl ozDerma EBeauty & Personal Careascorbyl palmitate, alanine, allantoin, vitamin E, panthenol, provitamin B5, ethylhexylglycerin, vitamin E, glycerin, microcrystalline cellulose, leucine, phenoxyethanol, propanediol, sodium citrate, tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Derma E Hydrating Serum -- 2 fl ozDerma EBeauty & Personal Careascorbyl palmitate, alanine, allantoin, cetearyl alcohol, panthenol, provitamin B5, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, dimethicone, leucine, phenoxyethanol, tyrosine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics French Vanilla -- 4 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics Gourmet Chocolate -- 4 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Double Chocolate -- 2 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 2 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Unflavored -- 2 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Botanical Health Marine Collagen Type I and III -- 8 ozDr. Botanical HealthVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Botanical Health Organic Green Spirulina Powder -- 3.5 ozDr. Botanical HealthVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chlorophyll, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Proline, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eucerin Advanced Repair Creme - Fragrance Free -- 16 ozEucerinBeauty & Personal CareAlanine, Ceramide 3, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Glycine, Dimethicone, Lactic Acid, Octyldodecanol, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Lactate, Urea2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy Fruit Punch -- 10.16 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy Rocket Pop -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy + Electrolytes Grape Splash -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, L-Isoleucine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy + Electrolytes Orange Mango -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, L-Isoleucine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy® Blue Raz -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy® Watermelon -- 30 ServingsEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Lean Energy Cherry Limeade -- 10.9 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAcetyl L-Carnitine, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Lean Energy Furious Grape -- 10.9 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAcetyl L-Carnitine, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition Hydramino Hydration Plus Amino Acids Fruit Punch -- 8.4 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Chloride, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition Hydramino Hydration Plus Amino Acids Orange Mango -- 8.4 ozEvlution NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, Chloride, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
ForestLeaf Advanced Collagen Peptides Grass-Fed Unflavored -- 16 ozForestLeafVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ForestLeaf Advanced Collagen Peptides Grass-Fed Unflavored -- 32 ozForestLeafVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Power Energized Protein -- 1 fl oz Each / Pack of 24Frog FuelActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Power Protein -- 1 fl oz Each / Pack of 24Frog FuelActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Energized Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl ozFrog FuelActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Caffeine, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl oz Each / Pack of 24Frog FuelActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides 100% Pure Protein Powder Unflavored -- 14 ServingsFurther FoodVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides 100% Pure Protein Powder Unflavored -- 30 ServingsFurther FoodVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides Plus Beauty Mushroom Vanilla -- 30 ServingsFurther FoodVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides Plus Reishi Mushroom Chocolate -- 30 ServingsFurther FoodVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Matcha Collagen Plus Cordyceps Mushroom -- 14 ServingsFurther FoodVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Proline, Serine, Theanine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Premium Gelatin Powder Unflavored -- 45 ServingsFurther FoodVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Premium Marine Collagen Unflavored -- 14 ServingsFurther FoodVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Prostabs Plus® -- 90 TabletsFuturebioticsVitamins & SupplementsL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, Lycopene, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein & Greens Real Raw Vanilla -- 19.3 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Chromium, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin A, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein Plant-Based Formula Chocolate -- 24.69 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein Plant-Based Formula Unflavored -- 19.75 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein Plant-Based Formula Vanilla -- 23.28 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Certified Grass Fed Whey Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 20 ServingsGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 19 ServingsGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Proline, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein - NSF Certified Sport Chocolate -- 32.17 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Banana -- 30 ServingsGenceutic NaturalsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Chocolate -- 30 ServingsGenceutic NaturalsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Strawberry -- 30 ServingsGenceutic NaturalsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Vanilla -- 30 ServingsGenceutic NaturalsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Delicious Dream Protein Creamy French Vanilla -- 1.5 lbsGreens FirstActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Proline, Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Delicious Dream Protein Rich Dutch Chocolate -- 1.5 lbsGreens FirstActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Proline, Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Dream Protein Plant-Based Chocolate Dream -- 27.54 ozGreens FirstActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Pro Dream Protein Plant-Based Vanilla -- 24.81 ozGreens FirstWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Collagen Peptide + Probiotic Powder Unflavored -- 7.4 ozHavasu NutritionVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
HiBar Cleanse Face Wash Bar Fragrance Free -- 2 ozHiBarBeauty & Personal Carealanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lauric acid, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, squalane, stearic acid, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
HiBar Hydrate Face Wash Bar Fragrance Free -- 2 ozHiBarBeauty & Personal Carealanine, arginine, aspartic acid, panthenol, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lauric acid, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, squalane, stearic acid, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
HiBar Renew Face Wash Bar Fragrance Free -- 2 ozHiBarBeauty & Personal Carealanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lauric acid, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, squalane, stearic acid, threonine, undecylenic acid, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 80 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Strawberry -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Strawberry -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Unflavored -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Unflavored -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Vanilla -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Vanilla -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, rebaudioside A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 80 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Strawberry -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Powder Strawberry -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 12 ozKALFood & BeveragesAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kardashian Rejuvicare Liquid Collagen Formula Grape -- 16 fl ozKardashianVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, citric acid, fructose, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Histidine, L-Hydroxylysine, L-Hydroxyproline, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Serine, sodium benzoate, L-Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Collagen+C - NSF Certified for Sport - Natural Tropical Fruit -- 20 ServingsKlean AthleteProfessional Supplementscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, beta-carotene, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Isolate - NSF Certified for Sport -- 15.73 ozKlean AthleteProfessional SupplementsL-Alanine, L-Cystine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 26 ServingsLevelsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Double Chocolate -- 28 ServingsLevelsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Strawberry -- 28 ServingsLevelsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Vanilla Bean -- 28 ServingsLevelsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Balanced Protein + Fiber Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lbManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Balanced Protein + Fiber Hemp Protein Powder -- 2 lbsManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah!™ Max Fiber Original -- 1 lbManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Yeah! Max Fiber Chocolate Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lbManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Yeah! Max Fiber Vanilla Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lbManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Theanine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MenoLabs Goddess Glow Beauty Collagen™ -- 10 ozMenoLabsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Metabolic Whey Protein Chocolate -- 2 billion - 5 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Metabolic Whey™ Protein Rich Vanilla -- 5 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Natural Gainer Rich Vanilla -- 3.3 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, tocopherols, trehalose, tricalcium phosphate, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Natural Whey Protein Rich Vanilla -- 2.03 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Nutrition Veggie Protein with Superfoods Vanilla -- 20.1 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, potassium chloride, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Smooth Veggie Elite Performance Protein Vanilla Bean -- 36 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Meal Replacement Vanilla Bean -- 3 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, trehalose, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Protein Powder Chocolate -- 20.1 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, potassium chloride, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Whey Protein Chocolate -- 32.3 oz - (2.02 lbs)MRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Cell-Tech Creatine Formula Fruit Punch -- 3 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitnessacesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, L-Alanine, amaranth, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Sugar, Taurine, Alpha lipoic acid, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Chocolate -- 2 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Chocolate -- 5 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Vanilla -- 2 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Vanilla -- 5 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Nitro-Tech™ Performance Series Vanilla -- 4 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitnessacesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, L-alanine, L-glutamine, Glycine, L-isoleucine, Sugar, Taurine, L-valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Pea Protein™ Vegan Shake Chocolate -- 20.6 ozNaturadeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, maltodextrin, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, sodium citrate, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Vegan Smart® Pea Protein™ Vegan Shake Vanilla -- 19 ozNaturadeWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, potassium citrate, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, sodium citrate, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Weight Gain Chocolate -- 20.3 ozNaturadeActive Lifestyle & Fitnesslipase, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, maltodextrin, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Total Body Collagen Bioactive Peptides Unflavored -- 17 ozNatural FactorsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycerine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbsNatural FactorsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Unflavored -- 2 lbsNatural FactorsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Hemp Protein Powder - Fiber Plus -- 16 ozNutivaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Classic Whey Protein Chocolate Milkshake -- 80 ozNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Classic Whey Protein Chocolate Peanut Butter Bliss -- 80 ozNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Micellar Casein Powder Dutch Chocolate -- 2 lbsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Muscle Matrix Protein Alpine Vanilla -- 29 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Whey Protein Isolate Alpine Vanilla -- 32 ozNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Raw Rice Protein Powder Chocolate -- 1.69 lbsNutriBioticActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Raw Rice Protein Powder Mixed Berry -- 1.31 lbsNutriBioticActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Free Aminos -- 100 CapsulesNutriCologyVitamins & SupplementsL-Alanine, cellulose, L-Cystine, L-Glutamine, Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, Taurine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Beef Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 2 lbsOlympian LabsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, reb-A, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Chocolate -- 13 ServingsOlympian LabsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Vanilla -- 17.4 ozOlympian LabsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Pea Protein Vanilla -- 26.7 ozOlympian LabsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Sea Nourishment Cran-Raspberry -- 32 fl ozOlympian LabsVitamins & SupplementsLipase, citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Barium, Beta Carotene, Bismuth, Boron, Bromine, Cadmium, Cellulase, Cesium, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Citrulline, Cobalt, Cysteine, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Germanium, Vitamin E, Glutamine, Glycine, Gold, Histidine, Hydrogen, Indium, Iodine, Iridium, Lanthanum, Lithium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B, Nickel, Niobium, Ornithine, Osmium, Palladium, Phosphorus, Platinum, Proline, Rhodium, Rubidium, Selenium, Serine, Silver, Strontium, Sulfur, Taurine, Tellurium, Thallium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, CoQ7, CoQ8, CoQ9, Uranium, Vanadium2024-11-29 10:47:42
OM Organic Master Blend Plant-Based Protein Creamy Chocolate -- 19.57 ozOMHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Plant-Based Protein - 20 Serving Tub - Informed Sport Certified Chocolate -- 23.8 ozOnnitActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, leaf, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Plant-Based Protein - 20 Serving Tub - Informed Sport Certified Vanilla -- 21.9 ozOnnitActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, leaf, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein Powder For Muscle Support and Recovery Double Rich Chocolate -- 149 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnessacesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Hydrolyzed Grass-Fed 20g Collagen Peptides Powder – Type I and III Unflavored -- 1 lbOrgainVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
OWYN Plant Protein Dark Chocolate -- 1.2 lbsOWYNWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
OWYN Plant Protein Smooth Vanilla -- 1.1 lbsOWYNWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, vanilla2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pacifica Vegan Ceramide Barrier Face Cream -- 1.7 fl ozPacificaBeauty & Personal CarePCA, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, glyceryl caprylate, niacinamide, oat, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, phytosphingosine, proline, serine, stearyl alcohol, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Paradise Herbs ORAC-Energy Protein & Greens Original Unflavored -- 16 ozParadise HerbsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Quercetin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
PB2 Performance Almond Protein Madagascar Vanilla -- 16 ozPB2Weight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
PB2 Performance Peanut Protein Madagascar Vanilla -- 32 ozPB2Weight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Plant Protein Red Velvet -- 2 lbsPlantFusionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Fructose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Plant Protein Vanilla Bean -- 1 lbPlantFusionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Fructose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Plantworks Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 23.8 ozPlantworksWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, L-isoleucine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, L-valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunaroma Coconut Oil Curl-Defining Leave-In Conditioner -- 12 ozSunaromaBeauty & Personal CarePCA, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cetearyl alcohol, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Active Protein Chocolate -- 20 ServingsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Active Protein Vanilla -- 20 ServingsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Chocolate -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Natural -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Natural -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Vanilla -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Vanilla -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Harvest Hemp Protein Powder Unflavored -- 26.4 ozSunwarriorVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Chocolate -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Chocolate -- 30 ServingsSunwarriorWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Natural -- 30 ServingsSunwarriorWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Vanilla -- 15 ServingsSunwarriorWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Vanilla -- 30 ServingsSunwarriorWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Warrior Blend Chocolate -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Warrior Blend Unflavored -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Sport Organic Active Protein Cake Batter -- 2.2 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein Maple French Toast -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Chocolate -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Unflavored -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Vanilla -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant Based Organic Protein Berry -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Chocolate -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Mocha -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Mocha -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Natural -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Vanilla -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Vanilla -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Company Stay Hydrated Hyaluronic Acid + NMF Serum -- 1 fl ozThe Honest CompanyBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arginine, betaine, tocopherol, tocopherol, glutamic acid, glycerin, glycine, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, threonine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Titan Nutrition Whey Toffee Macchiato -- 28 ServingsTitan NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnessacesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, sucralose, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tree to Tub Anti-Aging Peptide & Niacinamide Serum For Face -- 1 fl ozTree to TubBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, citric acid, PCA, alanine, chamomile, arginine, aspartic acid, caffeine, carnitine, citric acid, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, vitamin B3, niacinamide, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruSkin Peptide Facial Serum -- 1 fl ozTruSkinBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruSkin Serum Eye Gel -- 0.5 fl ozTruSkinBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, vitamin E, vitamin E, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Jalapeno Cheddar -- 10.6 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, dextrin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Jalapeno Cheddar -- 2.1 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, dextrin, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Mesquite Barbecue -- 10.6 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Mesquite Barbecue -- 2.1 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Nacho Cheese -- 10.6 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Nacho Cheese -- 2.1 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Sour Cream & Onion -- 10.6 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Sour Cream & Onion -- 2.1 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Amino Fuel® Orange Rush -- 16 fl ozTwinlabActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sodium benzoate, Threonine, sucralose, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Amino Fuel® Orange Rush -- 32 fl ozTwinlabActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sodium benzoate, Threonine, sucralose, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 12 PacketsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder- NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 20 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Mocha -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Peanut Butter -- 19 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Peanut Butter -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Berry -- 19 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 12 PacketsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 19 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Mocha -- 19 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Berry -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Tub - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 14 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Tub - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 14 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Creamer Vanilla -- 10.6 ozVital ProteinsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Creamer Vanilla -- 14 PacketsVital ProteinsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Leucine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Gummies Grape -- 120 GummiesVital ProteinsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 13.5 ozVital ProteinsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Lemon -- 11 ozVital ProteinsVitamins & Supplements Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Unflavored -- 20 ozVital ProteinsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 11.5 ozVital ProteinsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Unflavored -- 10 ozVital ProteinsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Unflavored -- 20 PacketsVital ProteinsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Marine Collagen Unflavored -- 7.8 ozVital ProteinsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Marine Collagen Stick Pak Unflavored -- 20 PacketsVital ProteinsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Chocolate -- 27.6 ozVital ProteinsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Cold Brew Coffee -- 27.6 ozVital ProteinsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Caffeine, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Strawberry -- 26.8 ozVital ProteinsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Vanilla -- 26.8 ozVital ProteinsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Strawberry Lemonade -- 20 ServingsVitauthorityWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Unflavored -- 20 ServingsVitauthorityWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Powder Strawberry Lemonade -- 11.4 ozVitauthorityWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Powder Unflavored -- 8.6 ozVitauthorityWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein Plus Unflavored -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein Plus Unflavored -- 60 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Peach Mango -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Pink Lemonade -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Strawberry -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Tropica Punch -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Unflavored -- 20 PacketsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen -- 6000 mg - 290 TabletsYoutheoryVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen Liquid Natural Berry -- 5000 mg - 12 PacketsYoutheoryVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws Itch Soother Conditioner with Oatmeal & Aloe Vera for Dogs Vanilla -- 16 fl ozZesty PawsPet Suppliescitric acid, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cetearyl alcohol, citric acid, panthenol, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, oat, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, sodium lactate, L-valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Collagen Peptides Unflavored -- 18 ozZhouVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Beef Gelatin Powder Grass-Fed -- 16 ozZintActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Norvaline, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 10 ozZintVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 16 ozZintVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 2 ozZintVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 32 ozZintVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitorAn EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.15).
fundamental metaboliteAny metabolite produced by all living cells.
fundamental metaboliteAny metabolite produced by all living cells.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (7)

ClassDescription
L-alpha-amino acidAny alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.
alanineAn alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.
pyruvate family amino acidAn L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from pyruvate (i.e. alanine, valine, and leucine). A closed class.
proteinogenic amino acidAny of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.
alanine zwitterionAn amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of alanine; major species at pH 7.3.
alpha-amino acidAn amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.
amino acid zwitterionThe zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (84)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Alanine Metabolism513
Selenoamino Acid Metabolism1226
Urea Cycle1325
Glycine and Serine Metabolism2452
Glutamate Metabolism2244
Glutathione Metabolism1121
Tryptophan Metabolism1855
Glucose-Alanine Cycle810
Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I513
Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency513
4-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria/Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency2244
Homocarnosinosis2244
Hyperinsulinism-Hyperammonemia Syndrome2244
Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency1121
5-Oxoprolinuria1121
gamma-Glutamyltransferase Deficiency1121
Lactic Acidemia513
Argininemia1325
Argininosuccinic Aciduria1325
Citrullinemia Type I1325
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTC Deficiency)1325
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency1325
Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency2452
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD)2452
Sarcosinemia2452
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia2452
2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form)2244
Hyperglycinemia, Non-Ketotic2452
5-Oxoprolinase Deficiency1121
gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase Deficiency1121
Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency2244
3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency2452
D-Alanine Metabolism611
D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism1517
Inner Membrane Transport7862
L-Alanine Metabolism1016
tRNA Charging5227
tRNA Charging 22225
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis I3036
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis II3037
Glutaminolysis and Cancer3536
Glycine Metabolism1127
NAD Metabolism1435
Glutamic Acid Metabolism1317
Thio-Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis717
Butanoate Metabolism922
Alanine,Aspartic acid and Asparagine metabolism ( Alanine,Aspartic acid and Asparagine metabolism )2237
L-Alanine + 2-Oxo-glutaric acid = Pyruvic acid + L-Glutamic acid ( Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis )24
L-Alanine + Glyoxylic acid = Pyruvic acid + Glycine ( Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis )24
Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism ( Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism )1926
Glycine and Serine metabolism ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )3649
L-Serine + Pyruvic acid = Hydroxy-pyruvic acid + L-Alanine ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )14
Tryptophan degradation ( Tryptophan degradation )6454
Amino acid metabolism pathway excerpt: histidine catabolism extension016
Protein Synthesis: Alanine804
Peptidoglycan cytoplasmic synthesis and recycling pathways834
mRNA, protein, and metabolite inducation pathway by cyclosporin A213
Biosynthesis and turnover of 1-deoxy-sphingoid bases013
Metabolic Epileptic Disorders2589
IAA biosynthesis I025
pyridoxamine anabolism08
NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)024
alanine biosynthesis III02
alanine biosynthesis II04
tRNA charging pathway023
tryptophan degradation I (via anthranilate)09
peptidoglycan and lipid A precursor biosynthesis034
superpathway of alanine biosynthesis08
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis III (meso-DAP-containing)020
alanine biosynthesis I07
Phenylalanine biosynthesis08
Glycine biosynthesis04
Tryptophan degradation via kynurenine08
De novo NAD biosynthesis01
AtMetExpress overview0109
NAD biosynthesis II from tryptophan024
Alanine and aspartate metabolism015
Biochemical pathways: part I0466
Amino acid metabolism094
Krebs cycle disorders1214
Proximal tubule transport021
Synthesis of ceramides and 1-deoxyceramides115
Amino acid transport defects (IEMs)925
Cori cycle121

Protein Targets (10)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.35480.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.51190.004023.8416100.0000AID485290
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)198.00000.00071.600310.0000AID143614
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)KA54.00000.02001.72197.4000AID50347
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)KA150.00000.01101.42737.8000AID47753
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (35)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epitheliumCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reductionCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic anion transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
secretionCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pHCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
carbon dioxide transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
D-alanine biosynthetic processAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
alanine metabolic processAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
regulation of cell shapeAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
peptidoglycan biosynthetic processAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
D-alanine biosynthetic processAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
cell wall organizationAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transportProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
taurine transmembrane transportProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
proline transportProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
alanine transportProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid import across plasma membraneProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
glycine transportProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
proline transmembrane transportProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-alanine transportProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (20)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
arylesterase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
hydro-lyase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activityCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
alanine racemase activityAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
isomerase activityAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
pyridoxal phosphate bindingAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
protein homodimerization activityAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
amino acid:proton symporter activityProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
proline:proton symporter activityProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
taurine transmembrane transporter activityProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transmembrane transporter activityProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
alanine transmembrane transporter activityProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-alanine transmembrane transporter activityProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-proline transmembrane transporter activityProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
glycine transmembrane transporter activityProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 4Bos taurus (cattle)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (14)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheathCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cellCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cellCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlanine racemase, biosyntheticEscherichia coli K-12
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
lysosomal membraneProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
vacuolar membraneProton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
side of membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Bos taurus (cattle)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (67)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID681113TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of L-tryptophan uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes2001The Journal of biological chemistry, May-18, Volume: 276, Issue:20
Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters.
AID22736Ischemic myocardial half-life measured after intracoronary injection of [13N]-labeled amino acid in dogs (control - 88+/-2)1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 24, Issue:6
13N-labeled L-amino acids for in vivo assessment of local myocardial metabolism.
AID1654587Substrate activity at Escherichia coli B alanine racemase assessed as Km2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-25, Volume: 63, Issue:12
Metabolic and Pharmaceutical Aspects of Fluorinated Compounds.
AID47753Tested in vitro for activation of Human cloned isozyme carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II)2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-22, Volume: 12, Issue:8
Carbonic anhydrase activators: human isozyme II is strongly activated by oligopeptides incorporating the carboxyterminal sequence of the bicarbonate anion exchanger AE1.
AID722331Drug uptake in human RBC assessed as membrane localization at 9 uM after 10 to 30 mins by confocal microscopic analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID58930Ischemic myocardial residue fraction of [13N]-labeled amino acid was observed with a single pass uptake technique in open-chest instrumented dogs (control - 18.5+/-2.1)1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 24, Issue:6
13N-labeled L-amino acids for in vivo assessment of local myocardial metabolism.
AID630741Inhibition of human PAT1-mediated L-[3H]proline uptake in human Caco2 cells after 10 mins by liquid scintillation counting2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 19, Issue:21
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of substrates of the human proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (hPAT1).
AID143614Inhibitory concentration required to inhibit [3H]strychnine binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor 11992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Beta-proline analogues as agonists at the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor.
AID1276179Induction of insulin release in rat BRIN-BD11 cells at 10 mM after 20 mins measured per 10'6 cells by radioimmunoassay in presence of 5.6 mM glucose (Rvb = 0.97 to 1.05 ng)2015Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12
Conformational Analysis of the Host-Defense Peptides Pseudhymenochirin-1Pb and -2Pa and Design of Analogues with Insulin-Releasing Activities and Reduced Toxicities.
AID143466Inhibition of binding of [3H]strychnine to N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor 1 in rat1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 32, Issue:9
Evaluation and synthesis of aminohydroxyisoxazoles and pyrazoles as potential glycine agonists.
AID33397Km value for Alanine racemase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
(beta-Chloro-alpha-aminoethyl)phosphonic acids as inhibitors of alanine racemase and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase.
AID48116Tested in vitro for activation of carbonic anhydrase IV (bCA IV), purified from bovine lung microsomes2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-22, Volume: 12, Issue:8
Carbonic anhydrase activators: human isozyme II is strongly activated by oligopeptides incorporating the carboxyterminal sequence of the bicarbonate anion exchanger AE1.
AID1881860Inhibition of PKM2 (unknown origin)2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-27, Volume: 65, Issue:2
A Perspective on Medicinal Chemistry Approaches for Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2.
AID722314Drug uptake in Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 assessed as membrane localization at 3 uM after 30 mins by confocal microscopic analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID1329256Induction of increase in glucose-induced insulin secretion in rat BRIN-BD11 cells assessed as insulin release per million cells at 10 mM after 20 mins by radioimmunoassay (Rvb = 1 +/- 0.03 ng)2016Journal of natural products, 09-23, Volume: 79, Issue:9
Purification, Conformational Analysis, and Properties of a Family of Tigerinin Peptides from Skin Secretions of the Crowned Bullfrog Hoplobatrachus occipitalis.
AID1654586Substrate activity at Escherichia coli B alanine racemase assessed as Vmax2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-25, Volume: 63, Issue:12
Metabolic and Pharmaceutical Aspects of Fluorinated Compounds.
AID50347Tested in vitro for activation of Human cloned isozyme carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I)2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-22, Volume: 12, Issue:8
Carbonic anhydrase activators: human isozyme II is strongly activated by oligopeptides incorporating the carboxyterminal sequence of the bicarbonate anion exchanger AE1.
AID722305Binding affinity to PC/Chol lipid vesicles assessed as decrease in acrylamide-induced tryptophan fluorescence quenching at 1 uM2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID553520Drug uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADCDR2 expressing Candida albicans CDR2 efflux pump at 200 uM pretreated for 10 mins measured after 60 mins by fluorescamine staining2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11
Enhanced susceptibility to antifungal oligopeptides in yeast strains overexpressing ABC multidrug efflux pumps.
AID722308Induction of dissipation of diffusion potential in PC/Chol lipid vesicles by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722292Binding affinity to LPS assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced LAL enzyme activation at 9 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID19262Aqueous solubility2000Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-05, Volume: 10, Issue:11
Prediction of drug solubility from Monte Carlo simulations.
AID722319Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans after 72 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722310Bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 assessed as induction of membrane depolarization at up to 7 uM by DiSC3(5) staining-based fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722312Bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 assessed as induction of membrane damage at 5 uM after 30 mins by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722329Cytotoxicity against human RBC assessed as hemolysis at 60 uM2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722320Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 48 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722322Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC BAA-427 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID553522Drug uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADMDR1 expressing Candida albicans MDR1 efflux pump at 200 uM pretreated for 10 mins measured after 60 mins by fluorescamine staining2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11
Enhanced susceptibility to antifungal oligopeptides in yeast strains overexpressing ABC multidrug efflux pumps.
AID455986Permeability across human Caco-2 cells2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19
Computational modeling of novel inhibitors targeting the Akt pleckstrin homology domain.
AID722313Cytotoxicity against human RBC assessed as induction of membrane damage at 25 uM after 5 mins by annexin V-FITC staining-based FACS flow cytometric analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID553518Drug uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADCDR1 expressing Candida albicans CDR1 efflux pump at 200 uM pretreated for 10 mins measured after 60 mins by fluorescamine staining2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11
Enhanced susceptibility to antifungal oligopeptides in yeast strains overexpressing ABC multidrug efflux pumps.
AID722326Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis NRRL B-4268 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722315Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus after 72 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID51033Concentration required for obtaining 50% of the fluorescence intensity of copper-free calcein 1, in bovine serum albumin2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-19, Volume: 13, Issue:10
A green fluorescent chemosensor for amino acids provides a versatile high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for proteases.
AID722324Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722311Cytotoxicity against human RBC assessed as induction of membrane depolarization at up to 16 uM by DiSC3(5) staining-based fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID233320Bitter threshold value; NB denotes 'Not bitter'1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID722307Binding affinity to PE/PG lipid vesicles assessed as induction of large blue shift at 1 uM by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722299Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production at 6 uM by Griess method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722318Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 48 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722294Binding affinity to FITC-tagged LPS assessed as induction of disintegration up to 40 uM by circular dichroism analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722328Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3 cells assessed as cell viability up to 25 uM by MTT assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722295Binding affinity to LPS assessed as increase in helical structure at 36 uM by circular dichroism analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722038Binding affinity to LPS assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced LAL enzyme activation at 18 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722304Binding affinity to PE/PG lipid vesicles assessed as decrease in decrease in acrylamide-induced tryptophan fluorescence quenching at 1 uM2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722309Induction of dissipation of diffusion potential in PE/PG lipid vesicles by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID553534Drug accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae AD12345678 reenergized with glucose at pH 6.0 assessed as intracellular accumulation after 60 mins by fluorescamine staining2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11
Enhanced susceptibility to antifungal oligopeptides in yeast strains overexpressing ABC multidrug efflux pumps.
AID722306Binding affinity to PC/Chol lipid vesicles assessed as induction of large blue shift at 1 uM by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722330Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha secretion at 1.5 to 4.5 uM after 12 hrs by ELISA2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID224503Effect on rate of GTP hydrolysis in the GTP binding protein ras p211998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-05, Volume: 8, Issue:9
Prediction of the GTPase activities by using the semiempirical molecular orbital theory.
AID26797Partition coefficient (logP)1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID722321Antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722296Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL6 secretion at 1.5 to 4.5 uM after 12 hrs by ELISA2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722293Binding affinity to LPS assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced LAL enzyme activation at 4.5 uM after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID553535Drug accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADCDR1 expressing Candida albicans CDR1 efflux pump reenergized with glucose at pH 6.0 assessed as intracellular accumulation after 60 mins by fluorescamine staining2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11
Enhanced susceptibility to antifungal oligopeptides in yeast strains overexpressing ABC multidrug efflux pumps.
AID553516Drug uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae AD12345678 at 200 uM pretreated for 10 mins measured after 60 mins by fluorescamine staining2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11
Enhanced susceptibility to antifungal oligopeptides in yeast strains overexpressing ABC multidrug efflux pumps.
AID553536Drug accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADCDR2 expressing Candida albicans CDR2 efflux pump reenergized with glucose at pH 6.0 after 60 mins by fluorescamine staining2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 52, Issue:11
Enhanced susceptibility to antifungal oligopeptides in yeast strains overexpressing ABC multidrug efflux pumps.
AID722327Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722323Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 18 hrs by broth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722297Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as downregulation of LPS-induced iNOS2 expression at 4.5 uM after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722325Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 after 18 hrs by broth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722298Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as downregulation of LPS-induced TNFalpha expression at 4.5 uM after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722316Antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes after 96 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
AID722317Antifungal activity against Sporothrix schenckii after 72 hrs by NCCLS microbroth dilution method2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Characterization of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiendotoxin properties of short peptides with different hydrophobic amino acids at "a" and "d" positions of a heptad repeat sequence.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (23,789)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19908392 (35.28)18.7374
1990's3640 (15.30)18.2507
2000's5791 (24.34)29.6817
2010's3706 (15.58)24.3611
2020's2260 (9.50)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 85.12

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index85.12 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.08 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.59 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index204.68 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.84 (0.95)

This Compound (85.12)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials512 (2.09%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews806 (3.29%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies441 (1.80%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational72 (0.29%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other22,637 (92.52%)84.16%
Other7 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		2.4220O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		2.3920C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4.		2.0210trichlorobenzene
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.		2.0110dihydroxybenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
tartronic acid
hydroxymalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		1.9810dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		plant metabolite
2-oxo-3-methylvalerate
alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid carrying oxo- and methyl substituents at C-2 and C-3, respectively. An alpha-keto acid analogue and metabolite of isoleucine in man, animals and bacteria. Used as a clinical marker for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).		2.72302-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid		human metabolite
alpha-ketoisovalerate
alpha-ketoisovalerate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid.		8.24602-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alpha-ketobutyric acid
alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid.		2.02102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
short-chain fatty acid
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.		3.0850bisphosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative		human metabolite
2-keto-4-methylvalerate
alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.		4.89812-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
3-chloroalanine
3-chloroalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-chloroalanine : A chloroalanine obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens of alanine by a chloro group.		10.46210chloroalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound
5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate
5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate: structure given in first source		2.0410
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid
3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.		7.3820aminobenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-hydroxyisobutyric acid
3-hydroxyisobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid : A 4-carbon, branched hydroxy fatty acid and intermediate in the metabolism of valine.		2.68303-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
3-hydroxykynurenine
3-hydroxykynurenine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxykynurenine that is kynurenine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.. hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is kynurenine substituted by a single hydroxy group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.		3.1250hydroxykynureninehuman metabolite
acetoacetic acid
acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.		4.422203-oxo fatty acid;
ketone body		metabolite
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		4.98380non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
cysteine sulfinic acid
cysteine sulfinic acid: metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids		8.65100
n-carbamoyl-beta-alanine
N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine : A beta-alanine derivative that is propionic acid bearing a ureido group at position 3.		8.3370beta-alanine derivativemetabolite;
mouse metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		10.873450amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.4110hydroxybenzaldehydeEC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.		3.6930monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		2.420monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		9.871104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-aminovaleric acid
5-aminovaleric acid: from red fox anal secretion; RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-aminopentanoic acid : A delta-amino acid comprising pentanoic acid with an amino substituent at C-5; a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist.		2.9140amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		human metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		5.36190hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid
8-amino-7-oxononanoic acid : The 8-amino-7-oxo derivative of nonanoic acid.		2.03107-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
amino acid		Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.9340ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		9.9350monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		9.32200aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		1.9810acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
acetoin
[no description available]		2.4220methyl ketone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		metabolite
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		5.42200ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
acetyl phosphate
acetyl dihydrogen phosphate : An acyl monophosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.		210acyl monophosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
adenine
[no description available]		23.174411176-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adipic acid
adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.		1.9810alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		food acidity regulator;
human xenobiotic metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		1.9510guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		7.8940imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
curdlan
D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.		2.1310hexose
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate: unstable intermediate in threonine dehydrogenase-initiated pathway for threonine utilization; structure given in first source. 2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is acetoacetic acid which is substituted by an amino group at position 2.		2.07103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		14.043962azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
anthranilic acid
anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.		8.3670aminobenzoic acidhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		3.2360acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		9.362711amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.4820benzaldehydesEC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
fragrance;
odorant receptor agonist;
plant metabolite
benzene
[no description available]		3.87120aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		8.5180benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.0210benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		6.26351amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		4.21180halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
2,3-butylene glycol
2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.		2.0810butanediol;
glycol;
secondary alcohol
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		3.9130alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		3.85120fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine
[no description available]		2.8740alkane-alpha,omega-diamineDaphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		11.85576amino-acid anion
carbamyl phosphate
Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).		3.77110acyl monophosphate;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		4.42220carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		6.93221monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		6.11410amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		6.74322amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		4.8320alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
chlordecone
[no description available]		1.9710cyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound		insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant
choline
[no description available]		8.15791cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid
Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.		2.9340tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		9.04434tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		9.441171halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		9.59270chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		3.4870coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		8.3160monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
aminoethylphosphonic acid
Aminoethylphosphonic Acid: An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.. (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.		8.69100phosphonic acids;
primary amino compound;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-cresol
3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.		2.4220cresolhuman xenobiotic metabolite
octane
Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.		1.9710alkanexenobiotic
2,3-diaminopropionic acid
3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group.		3.5890alanine derivative;
amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid;
diamino acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.7130trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate
nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.		3.0950aryl phosphatemouse metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		3.4980medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.		8.12281gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent
trimethylenediamine
trimethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trimethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine comprising a propane skeleton with amino substituents at positions 1 and 3.		1.9910alkane-alpha,omega-diaminehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
reagent
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		13.0413115(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.0310aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
3-chlorobenzoic acid
[no description available]		2.0210monochlorobenzoic aciddrug metabolite
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		3.4780guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		591N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
2-aminoadipic acid
2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.		3.2860amino dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
2,4-diaminobutyric acid
2,4-diaminobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid : A diamino acid that is butyric acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 and a hydrogen at position 4 are replaced by amino groups.		8.0550diamino acid;
gamma-amino acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase.		1.9610omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid
methylmalonic acid
Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		3.2360C4-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
phosphonoacetaldehyde
phosphonoacetaldehyde : A phosphonic acid consisting of acetaldehyde with the phospho group at the 2-position.		2.6830phosphonic acidsmouse metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine		2.110alpha-amino acid
2-methylcitric acid
2-methylcitric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520tricarboxylic acid
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		4.662802-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
phosphoglycolate
phosphoglycolate: RN given refers to parent acid. 2-phosphoglycolic acid : The O-phospho derivative of glycolic acid.		2.6730carboxyalkyl phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.		3.0950amino acid zwitterion;
monocarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		ethylene releasers;
plant metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		5.71112monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		4.3170catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		3.3470amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
dibenzofuran
Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.4420dibenzofurans;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		xenobiotic
fosmidomycin
fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.		3.4720hydroxamic acid;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine
[no description available]		8.86633glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		10.89390aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanylalanine
alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		4.85330dipeptide
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		18.18549252-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate: isomeric with isopentenyl pyrophosphate. prenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate that is a phosphoantigen comprising the O-pyrophosphate of prenol.		2.520prenol phosphateepitope;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
phosphoantigen
5,6-dihydroorotate
4,5-dihydroorotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. dihydroorotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N(alpha)-carbethoxyasparagine.		2.3110monocarboxylic acid;
N-acylurea;
pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid;
secondary amide
dihydrouracil
hexahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 5,6-dihydrouracil : A pyrimidine obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of uracil.		8.260pyrimidoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diacetyl
butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.		2.4220alpha-diketoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
7,8-diaminopelargonic acid
7,8-diaminopelargonic acid: structure. 7,8-diaminononanoic acid : An amino fatty acid carrying amino substituents at positions 7 and 8. Some of its isomers are naturally occurring intermediates of biotin synthesis, and targets of antimicrobial and herbicide development.		2.4220amino fatty acid;
amino monocarboxylic acid
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.		3.8340glycerone phosphates;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone
[no description available]		5.07101ketotriose;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antifungal agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylglycine
dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.		2.4220amino acid zwitterion;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dimethylamine
[no description available]		2.730methylamines;
secondary aliphatic amine		metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		4.83340sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		8.2560ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		5.36230aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide
formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.		2.4820carboximidic acid;
formamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		solvent
3-phosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.		2.8840monophosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative		algal metabolite;
fundamental metabolite
glutaric acid
glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.		2.3920alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		20.662,75419alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.		9.86110aldotriosefundamental metabolite
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		16.4142028alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid
[no description available]		3.3970glycerol monophosphatealgal metabolite;
human metabolite
glycolaldehyde
[no description available]		2.4120glycolaldehydesfundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
glycolic acid
glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.		3.83402-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
primary alcohol		keratolytic drug;
metabolite
glyoxylic acid
glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.		5.271702-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
aldehydic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycocyamine
glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.		7.9140guanidinoacetic acids;
zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
carbonic acid
Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.0110carbon oxoacid;
chalcocarbonic acid		mouse metabolite
hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom		4.5780hydracid;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
poison
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		11.95954carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.1350
histamine
[no description available]		4.64280aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
toxopyrimidine
4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine : An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 are replaced by methyl, amino, and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively.		3.0610aminopyrimidine;
aromatic primary alcohol		Escherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
homogentisic acid
Homogentisic Acid: Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.. homogentisic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions.		3.0410dihydroxyphenylacetic acid;
hydroquinones		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		7.651431elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.8840benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine
amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.		3.690hydroxylaminesalgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
nitric oxide donor;
nucleophilic reagent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		9.04140imidazole
indole
[no description available]		3.3870indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid
indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		2.8840indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		5.92200diatomic iodinenutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		4.65290hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		4.69290aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
pipecolic acid
pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.		8.4880piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
lipoamide
Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin		2.4120dithiolanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		4.4670dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
endolysin
lysine-4,4,5,5-d4 : A deuterated compound that is lysne in which the methylene hydrogens at positions 4, 4, 5 and 5 have been replaced by deuterium.		2.110alpha-amino acid;
diamino acid;
polar amino acid		Daphnia magna metabolite
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		2.9240alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
malonic semialdehyde
malonic semialdehyde: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		7.6630aldehydic acid
racemethionine
Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.		3.0120alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
sulfur-containing amino acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.		4.48702-oxo aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		5.35570alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid
Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.		3.2560inositol phosphate
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		12.42350cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		3.470acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
naphthalene
[no description available]		7.9240naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		11.61400metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		9.22312pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		5.41200pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		7.02620monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid
Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.		2.0210nitrogen oxoacidprotic solvent;
reagent
nitroxyl
nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.		8.1550nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		4.09160monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
1-octanol
1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.		2.730octanol;
primary alcohol		antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
fuel additive;
kairomone;
plant metabolite
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		3.4170oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
hydroxypyruvic acid
hydroxypyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxypyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate involved in the glycine and serine metabolism.		2.37202-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		5.54230pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.		2.9240C4-dicarboxylic acid;
oxo dicarboxylic acid		geroprotector;
metabolite
oxalic acid
Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.		8.2760alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
oxamic acid
Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.		2.3720dicarboxylic acid monoamideEscherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		3.3670aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.		2.04104-nitrophenolshuman xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		5.4251acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		4.44220long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		7.940phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid
phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.		3.23602-oxo monocarboxylic acidchromogenic compound;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		7.6530benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
phenethylamine
phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.		1.9810alkaloid;
aralkylamine;
phenylethylamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.		2.6830phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.		8.07741carboxyalkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		3.72100phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine
phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.		3.87120phosphoethanolamine;
primary amino compound		algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		2.3720benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		2.0610pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen
[no description available]		3.4720aralkylamino compound;
dicarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid
diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.		2.5820acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid		Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor
PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.		2.3820orthoquinones;
pyrroloquinoline cofactor;
tricarboxylic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
prephenic acid
prephenic acid: nonaromatic biosynthetic intermediate, probable immediate precursor of aromatic systems such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tannins, flavanoids; isolated from cultures of mutant E coli; structure. (1s,4s)-prephenic acid : A prephenic acid having (1s,4s)-cis-configuration.. prephenic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of 4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a 2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl group at position 1.		2.0510oxo dicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.89130propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		4.38210saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pteridines
[no description available]		3.0750azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
pteridines
purine
1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.		8.5690purine
putrescine
[no description available]		3.85120alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		2.4110monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyrazole
1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.		2.6630pyrazole
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		3.79110azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal
[no description available]		4.15170hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		8.011670methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		9.12160aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine phosphate
pyridoxamine phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate : A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine.		3.690aminoalkylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6 phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		6.22470hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 5-phosphate
pyridoxine 5-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910vitamin B6 phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.		7.3620benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		plant metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		13.731492-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		6.56151pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates
Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.		4.83110divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion		human metabolite
dithionite
Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.		2.9340sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		7.531030N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
selenic acid
Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.		1.9910selenium oxoacid
selenious acid
Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.		1.9610selenium oxoacid
shikimic acid-3-phosphate
shikimic acid-3-phosphate: RN given refers to (3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5beta))-isomer; structure given in first source		2.3920
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		4.44230divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
spermidine
[no description available]		8.3570polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		3.99140polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		5.32530alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
succinic semialdehyde
succinic semialdehyde: structure		2.0410aldehydic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfur dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.		1.9410sulfur oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
food bleaching agent;
refrigerant
taurine
[no description available]		12.963324amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		11.92310primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		6.13490pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		3.83120methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine
trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.		5.23111tertiary amine oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
osmolyte
trimethylamine
[no description available]		7.4520methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		7.041060pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		12.74311uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		14.4741715isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		7.610benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		2.4420xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isopentenyl pyrophosphate
isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.		2.1310prenol phosphateantigen;
antioxidant;
epitope;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
phosphoantigen
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		5.74330non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively		2.0510phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.		5.07420non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
sk&f 82958
[no description available]		1.9910benzazepine
2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid
2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid: effective antagonist at all three types of excitatory amino acid receptors; does not depress responses to acetylcholine or substance P		2.3720
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist		2.6730
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source		2.420
ibotenic acid
Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.		4.69290non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin
gallopamil
Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.		1.9610benzenes;
organic amino compound
normetanephrine
Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.		1.9410catecholamine
sk&f-38393
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393		2.6930benzazepine;
catechols;
secondary amino compound
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.0310p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
(alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine
(alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; glutamate receptor agonist		3.0950alpha-amino acid
mandelic acid
SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer		3.24602-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
benzenes		antibacterial agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite
4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine
4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine: weak agonist at metabotropic glutamate receptors; occludes the action of 1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate in hippocampus		2.420hydroxybenzoic acid
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		3.3870phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dimethylhydrazine
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.		2.3520hydrazinesalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets		1.9710
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine
DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.		2.6930oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		210monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		5.7191aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		2.9640methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole
1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.		2.9340imidazoles
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one
1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.		2.0210oxadiazoloquinoxalineEC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		3.4170bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.4420chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
beta-resorcylic acid
beta-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9810
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		3.2460dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		9.84350alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.		2.0810organoboron compound;
primary amino compound		calcium channel blocker;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
potassium channel opener
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.		2.0110isocoumarins;
organochlorine compound		geroprotector;
serine protease inhibitor
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.		2.0210amphetamines;
benzodioxoles		neurotoxin
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2.3520aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
tramiprosate
tramiprosate: GABA receptor agonist and a glycosaminoglycan mimetic; has nootropic acitivity; structure; a sulfonate analog of GABA. 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid.		4.1850amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
GABA agonist;
nootropic agent
aminopropionitrile
Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.		8.1960aminopropionitrileantineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
collagen cross-linking inhibitor;
plant metabolite
meglutol
Meglutol: An antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one of the two hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a hydroxy group, while the other is substituted by a methyl group. It has been found to accumulate in urine of patients suffering from HMG-CoA lyase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, EC 4.1.3.4) deficiency. It occurs as a plant metabolite in Crotalaria dura.		2.31103-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic acid;
tertiary alcohol		anticholesteremic drug;
antimetabolite;
EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
3-methoxytyramine
3-methoxytyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methoxytyramine : A monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine and considered a potential biomarker of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.		2.4520monomethoxybenzene;
phenols;
phenylethylamine;
primary amino compound		biomarker;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.8740ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		6.9810oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid
3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.		1.9510C-nitro compoundantimycobacterial drug;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
mycotoxin;
neurotoxin
ro 5-4864
4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor		1.9710
4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole
4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole: a CK2 kinase inhibitor		2.4420
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride
[no description available]		2.0210
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		5.1731aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.		2.730chlorine molecular entity;
mercuribenzoic acid
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		4.7871guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.		3.82401-pyrroline nitronesneuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent
phenytoin
[no description available]		3.3470imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site		2.7130quinolines
5-dimethylamiloride
5-dimethylamiloride: has anti-HIV-1 activity		1.9710
ethylisopropylamiloride
ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.		2.9140aromatic amine;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
neuroprotective agent;
sodium channel blocker
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		11.29141indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
7-chlorokynurenic acid
7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.		2.9140organochlorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats		1.9910oxopurine
aa 861
2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.		2.13101,4-benzoquinones;
acetylenic compound;
primary alcohol		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator		1.9810monoazo compound
acephate
acephate : A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.		7.110mixed diacylamine;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphoramide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		3.4170acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		3.260monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetochlor
acetochlor : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-phenylacetamide carrying an ethyl and a methyl group at positions 2 and 6 respectively on the benzene ring while one of the methyl hydrogens as well as the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom have been replaced by a chloro and an ethoxymethyl group respectively.		3.110aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
n-acetylphenylalanine
N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.		2.0110N-acetyl-amino acid;
phenylalanine derivative		antidepressant;
metabolite
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea
beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.		3.0450
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source		210
alachlor
alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.		4.0740aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		15.31745alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		2.0410aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		3.150phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		4.06401,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure		3.150
aluminum fluoride
[no description available]		2.9140aluminium coordination entity
am 251
AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.		2.4720amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
organoiodine compound;
pyrazoles		antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
CB1 receptor antagonist
am 580
Am 580: a selctive retinoic acid receptor (alpha) agonist; structure given in first source. 4-{[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}benzoic acid : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)benzoic acid with the anilino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid. A selective RARalpha agonist.		2.0110amidobenzoic acid;
tetralins		antineoplastic agent;
retinoic acid receptor alpha/beta agonist
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		3.0850adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		3.4111aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		1.9510acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		1.9710diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		1.9910guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		3.3670N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		4.82340dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		2.78301-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.3110aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		2.3620carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		2.1510dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.3420barbiturates
aniracetam
[no description available]		1.9810N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidin-2-ones
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		3.0650pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version		4.43220
arcaine
arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.		2.0110guanidines
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		5.3641enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		11.133812benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		2.4720ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist		2.7330alpha-amino acid
atrazine
[no description available]		2.7430chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		1.9910monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		4.9121aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azobenzene
azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.		2.4720azobenzenes
baclofen
[no description available]		3.4980amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane
2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane: structure		2.0210diarylmethane
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		3.0750carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
bentazone
bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.		2.9740benzothiadiazineenvironmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.4920benzamides
benzamidine
benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.		7.6830benzenes;
carboxamidine		serine protease inhibitor
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		2.3920ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.4220benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		2.910pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		3.1710alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
beta-naphthoflavone
beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.		1.9910extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		1.9810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bisbenzimidazole
Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.		2.4120bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		3.5180
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		2.4110secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		3.6420organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bronopol
[no description available]		2.4110nitro compound
buformin
Buformin: An oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucose oxidation.. buformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide substituted by a butyl group at position 1. It is an antidiabetic drug with potential antitumor effect.		7.3920biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
radiosensitizing agent
bumetanide
[no description available]		210amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		3.3611quinazolines
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		2.0110aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
busulfan
[no description available]		4.0840methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
cacodylic acid
dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.		2.420organoarsenic compoundxenobiotic metabolite
caffeine
[no description available]		11.01152purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		5.29170aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
pantogab
pantogab: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; synonym hopantenic acid refers to (R)-isomer; synonym pantogam refers to Ca salt (2:1), ((R)-isomer		3.0610
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		5.1640benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.9640bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		2.4420benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		210dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbofuran
Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.77301-benzofurans;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
carcinine
carcinine: structure. carcinine : A beta-alanine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of beta-alanine with the primary amino group of histamine.		2.6630beta-alanine derivative;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound		antioxidant;
crustacean metabolite
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.0110quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		2.0510carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		3.99140hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
celecoxib
[no description available]		4.8571organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		2.0110ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cetraxate
[no description available]		3.1310benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		2.4120quaternary ammonium ion
cgp 12177
CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.		1.9810aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic antagonist
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.0210benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.0510aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		3.7730aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		7.3520benzodiazepine
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		15.181170aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		8.9130organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		4.2541monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.		3.4470chloropyridine;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.0510cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
cilostazol
[no description available]		4.5111lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		11.16121aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.4620aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		4.68502-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol
Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		1.9610amino alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
ethanolamines;
primary arylamine;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		3.3510monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		2.3110monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		4.0331aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid
Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.		1.9610aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		4.1650dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.940clonidine;
imidazoline
clotrimazole
[no description available]		210conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		5.51670non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide
cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.		3.3970benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
cypermethrin
cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.		2.0210aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organochlorine compound		agrochemical;
molluscicide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		1.9610piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cystamine
[no description available]		2.3520organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
dantrolene
Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.		2.1110hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione		muscle relaxant;
neuroprotective agent;
ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		3.4270indolesfluorochrome
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		210carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
decamethonium
decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.		2.0110quaternary ammonium ionmuscle relaxant;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		2.43204-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		2.0410acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
dequalinium
Dequalinium: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.. dequalinium : A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group.		2.0410quinolinium ionantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiseptic drug;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		3.5790dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		9.07150primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.4420alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		3.851201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.76100benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene
dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.2510dibenzothiophenes;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		keratolytic drug
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		6.41143amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.6630benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos
Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.		2.0810alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine acaricide;
organophosphate insecticide		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diethyl pyrocarbonate
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.		3.78110acyclic carboxylic anhydride
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		2.8740pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		2.6430dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		1.9710oxazolidinone
dimethoate
Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.		2.5220monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		2.1510ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
benzophenone
benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		7.7830benzophenonesphotosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		2.8910piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		2.3920monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		2.0310organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
diuron
Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.67303-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
dichlorobenzene		environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
photosystem-II inhibitor;
urea herbicide;
xenobiotic
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		4.96120branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.8940
racemetirosine
alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)		2.0310
p-chloroamphetamine
p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.		4.3160
thiorphan
Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.		4.680N-acyl-amino acid
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		2.3110benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		2.1510aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		2.1710pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
dsp 4
DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.5820benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		210dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase		1.9710
embelin
embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.		1.9710dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonesantimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.3110trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endosulfan
Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.		2.4120cyclic sulfite ester;
cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.3920ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		4.3190
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		2.6530aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ethenzamide
ethenzamide: structure		2.0510organic molecular entity
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		2.9240ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
ethion
ethion: minor descriptor (73-82); online & Index Medicus search INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (73-82). ethion : An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7).		2.0510organic thiophosphateacaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide
ethylenediamine
ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.		2.4420alkane-alpha,omega-diamineGABA agonist
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		2.01101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		2.1510monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
famotidine
Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.		5.42531,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		3.3570aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		3.7530(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		1.9810benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.7921anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fenvalerate
fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.		2.3110aromatic ether;
carboxylic ester;
monochlorobenzenes		pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
fipronil
fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.		2.7430(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
dichlorobenzene;
nitrile;
primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfoxide
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		2.0810aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		2.6930aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		2.0510aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		2.3920ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		7.89401,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		7.69291nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		7.43122(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		6.190fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		1.9810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		1.9910carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
fpl 64176
FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.		2.0110carboxylic ester;
pyrroles		calcium channel agonist
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		8.5890chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		2.7130gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		4.3530benzoate ester
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure		2.3720
vanoxerine
vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.		1.9810ether;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopamine uptake inhibitor
gbr 12935
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes).		2.0210ether;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		dopamine uptake inhibitor
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		8.77110
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		2.0710aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		8.7100dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		1.9410piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		5.14180monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate
glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).		3.5180glycine derivative;
phosphonic acid		agrochemical;
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
herbicide
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		1.9910
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		4.3760methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		1.9510azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		6.6650carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
guvacine
guvacine: RN given refers to parent cpd. guvacine : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring.		1.9510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
beta-amino acid;
pyridine alkaloid;
secondary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		GABA reuptake inhibitor;
plant metabolite
gyki 52466
GYKI 52466: an AMPA (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.730benzodiazepine
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide
[no description available]		1.9910isoquinolines;
sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		2.9140isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		2.6730aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		5.64102haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline
Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.		3.3570harmala alkaloidoneirogen
hexamethonium
Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.		1.9710quaternary ammonium salt
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		3.7100phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		1.9810azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		18.371575aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		3.2960one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		5.341monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		3.3570primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.4120benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		8.1150piperidines
ifosfamide
[no description available]		3.0610ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		6.53151dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indeloxazine
indeloxazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610indene
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		9.34371aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
indoprofen
Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.		2.4110gamma-lactam;
isoindoles;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		3.68100
iopanoic acid
Iopanoic Acid: Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid.		552monocarboxylic acid
iproniazid
[no description available]		3.0550carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		2.4220azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
irsogladine
irsogladine: RN given refers to parent cpd; MN 1695 refers to maleate salt		2.5320dichlorobenzene
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		3.691003-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.9240organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoguvacine
isoguvacine: A GABA agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0610tetrahydropyridine
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		3.64100carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source		2.4120
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		3.4780secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		12.16290catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		2.9240benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
juglone
juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities.		2.4320hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinonegeroprotector;
herbicide;
reactive oxygen species generator
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		2.3620cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		1.9610aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		4.6832dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		2.4720benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
kojic acid
[no description available]		2.42204-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		5.86231monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-phenyllactic acid
3-phenyllactic acid: alpha-hydroxy analog of phenylalanine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-phenyllactic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		1.98102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.		11.141260alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phosphonic acids		human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
mimosine
Mimosine: 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca.		7.6630alpha-amino acid
2-phenylglycine
2-phenylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phenylglycine : An amino acid with a structure in which a phenyl ring is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.		2.9340non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidhuman metabolite
pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid
pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor		2.0610
lamotrigine
[no description available]		2.69301,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		9.271110benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lauric acid
dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.		2.9440medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
lomustine
[no description available]		1.9910N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		8.1150biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxoprofen
loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.		2.4110cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		3.1450chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		1.9610anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		1.9910organic molecular entity
edaravone
[no description available]		2.420pyrazoloneantioxidant;
radical scavenger
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		2.3820aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		1.9910primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.1960nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
memantine
[no description available]		3.1950adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.41101,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		1.9910ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenesin
Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.		1.9310aromatic ether;
glycerol ether
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		1.9410organic molecular entity
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.0540amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mescaline
Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.		1.9410methoxybenzenes;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
primary amino compound		hallucinogen
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		7.46183guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methacrylic acid
methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.		2.2510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		2.3920benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methiothepin
Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).		2.0510aryl sulfide;
dibenzothiepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
methomyl
Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime.		2.3110aliphatic sulfide;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
nematicide;
xenobiotic
methoxyamine
methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		210organooxygen compound
nocodazole
[no description available]		3.2560aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl methanesulfonate
[no description available]		3.3970methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		3.5920beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
metolachlor
metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom.		3.5220aromatic amide;
benzenes;
ether;
organochlorine compound
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		4.6461aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		2.0310C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		2.6530aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		2.4920aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		3.0750dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.7130dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		5.0333imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		1.9610benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		3.8121dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		3.2710monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
molsidomine
Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.		210ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		3.92130alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
1,3-dicyclohexylurea
1,3-dicyclohexylurea: degradation product of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3- cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea; structure		2.110ureas
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		10.27530maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
n-methyl-dl-aspartic acid
[no description available]		1.9910aspartic acid derivative
clorgyline
Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.		2.1510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
apnea
Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		2.3720purine nucleoside
n(alpha)-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidinophenylalanine piperidide
N(alpha)-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidinophenylalanine piperidide: thrombin inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9810
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		3.4811methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nafamostat
nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic		4.2920benzoic acids;
guanidines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		2.4201,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
activins
Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.		2.420
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		1.9610benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.6430quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		2.3720organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		1.9710benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		3.3510benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		4.6461C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		1.9810aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		3.1110aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		1.97102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid
nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		8.0650beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoxetine
nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.		2.0310aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		2.0110C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		1.9410nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		1.9610isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
norfluoxetine
norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		3.3511organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist		1.9710nitrobenzoic acid
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.		2.730aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
o(6)-benzylguanine
O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity		2.3920
octopamine
Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.		2.0810phenylethanolamines;
tyramines		neurotransmitter
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		7.11103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		9.321810aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		2.7330carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		2.0110ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		3.3260benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxotremorine m
oxotremorine M: structure given in first source		2.4220quaternary ammonium ionmuscarinic agonist
oxotremorine
Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.		3.4880N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		2.2510acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.		2.1510carboxamidine;
imidazolines;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		1.9410phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		1.9810aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		3.51801,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		3.5790phenylalanine derivative
p-fluorophenylalanine
p-Fluorophenylalanine: 3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine.. 4-fluorophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		3.65100fluoroamino acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine derivative
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		2.1710aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		3.2160aromatic amine
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		3.5280aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		2.0410aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.82120barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		2.9140acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		3.66100barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		2.6630aromatic amine
oxophenylarsine
oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.		1.9810arsine oxidesantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		2.3820pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		2.6930acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin
[no description available]		2.8940dihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
o-phthalaldehyde
o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.		8.94130benzaldehydes;
dialdehyde		epitope
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		4.341indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.3111aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
piperazine
[no description available]		2.4320azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		4.8921organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirenperone
[no description available]		1.9610aromatic ketone
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		1.9710pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		8.82623inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		1.9510aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ag 1879
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor		2.0210aromatic amine;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazolopyrimidine		beta-adrenergic antagonist;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		1.9810isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		4.6461aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		2.0410aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		2.0710pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		3.2160diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		3.3770benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		4.2150benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		1.9510benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
procaterol
Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.		210quinolines
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		1.9510phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
propachlor
propachlor: structure. propachlor : An anilide that consists of 2-chloroacetanilide bearing an N-isopropyl substituent.		3.5220anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.9540phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		8.1250phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propoxur
Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.		2.0810aromatic ether;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		13.07291naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		2.7230
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		2.3820aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
quipazine
Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.		3.0850piperazines;
pyridines
6-nitroquipazine
6-nitroquipazine: structure given in first source		2.0510nitro compound;
quinolines
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		4.7332benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		20.2542582secondary carboxamide
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		2.2510benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		2.3110alkylamine
ro 31-8220
Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor		2.9240imidothiocarbamic ester;
indoles;
maleimides		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
rolipram
[no description available]		2.3820pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
roxatidine acetate
roxatidine acetate: structure given in first source		3.411piperidines
4-carboxyphenylglycine
4-carboxyphenylglycine: RN given for (+-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 3/93; glutamate receptor antagonist		1.9810alpha-amino acid
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		2.37201,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
safrole
Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.		2.1310benzodioxolesflavouring agent;
insecticide;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
sebacic acid
sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.		2.3920alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.2510ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		7.6330pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
simazine
Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.		210chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
linsidomine
linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		210morpholines
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		2.3920fluoride saltmutagen
fluoroacetic acid
fluoroacetic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd. fluoroacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by fluorine.		2.4120haloacetic acid;
organofluorine compound		EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitor
sodium iodide
Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.		2.7330inorganic sodium salt;
iodide salt
iodoacetic acid
Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.		3.690haloacetic acid;
organoiodine compound		alkylating agent
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		2.0110pyridines
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		2.940aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		2.420long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		1.9810quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		3.3311sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		1.9910pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		1.9910
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.3620isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		2.05102-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
sulforaphane
sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.4110isothiocyanate;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		3.1310benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.4320naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
4-methylglutamic acid
4-methylglutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is glutamic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		2.0510amino dicarboxylic acid;
glutamic acid derivative
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		2.3110N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur
[no description available]		7.6630organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		5.2143phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		4.3270quaternary ammonium ion
3-hydroxyaspartic acid
3-hydroxyaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyaspartic acid : A hydroxy-amino acid that is aspartic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.4220amino dicarboxylic acid;
aspartic acid derivative;
C4-dicarboxylic acid;
hydroxy-amino acid
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		4.5420phthalimides;
piperidones
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		2.25101,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		1.9510phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		210aziridines
thiram
Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.		1.9210organic disulfideantibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		4.3641monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		2.3920N-acyl-amino acid
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3920trihydroxybenzoic acid
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.2510pyridinecarboxamide
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		5.71160N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0210
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		3.1310amino acid
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		5.1731monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triacetin
Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.. triacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.		2.0510triglycerideadjuvant;
antifungal drug;
food additive carrier;
food emulsifier;
food humectant;
fuel additive;
plant metabolite;
solvent
triclosan
[no description available]		2.4420aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		2.6630N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol
Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)		2.3110aromatic ketone
trigonelline
trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.4520alkaloid;
iminium betaine		food component;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		3.7421aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		6.7472chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tyramine
[no description available]		6.56102monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
urethane
[no description available]		7.8840carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
usnic acid
[no description available]		2.0810benzofurans
vesamicol
vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210piperidines
vesnarinone
[no description available]		210organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		3.2360gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		1.9610aromatic ether
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		2.420
xanthurenic acid
xanthurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-8.		2.4420dihydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		animal metabolite;
iron chelator;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
vesicular glutamate transport inhibitor
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.		2.0610aromatic primary alcohol;
furans;
indazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		2.9240inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.35101,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		8.4780mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
corticosterone
[no description available]		6.5415111beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		3.7711011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.633016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		2.6430ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		9.6590alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		7.940beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		6.13121imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		4.5240glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		3.0950pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
thymidine
[no description available]		11.27490pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		1.9710nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		2.9340benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
triethylenemelamine
Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.		2.35201,3,5-triazinesalkylating agent;
insect sterilant
2-aminophenol
[no description available]		1.9710aminophenolbacterial metabolite
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0810nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		9.528704-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		8.984412-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		2.65301-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		4.81330ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		2103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
aldosterone
[no description available]		6.2814111beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		5.13150non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
cysteine
[no description available]		2.7630cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		2.42011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		3.256017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
androsterone
[no description available]		3.753017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
etiocholanolone
Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.		21017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		3.452017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole
Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.		1.9910
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		7.35202-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
azauridine
Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.		7.3620N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazineantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		5.21510penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		3.68100pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		4.32200organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		9.773922-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		7.3720nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.		1.9810
methyldimethylaminoazobenzene
Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene: A very potent liver carcinogen.. 3-methyl-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene : A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group, while the other is substituted at position 4 by a dimethylamino group. It is a potent liver carcinogen.		210
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		4.15170dialkyl phosphate
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		2.8740guanidines
dipropylenetriame
N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine: structure in first source		1.9910polyazaalkanealgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		4.2170chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
cantharidin
Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.		2.4520cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
monoterpenoid		EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
herbicide
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		18.821,8638L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide
4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.		1.9510C-nitro compound;
quinoline N-oxide		carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		5.39620C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		18.721,69313aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		20.651,25226amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		16.921,3724aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allyl isothiocyanate
allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.		710alkenyl isothiocyanate;
isothiocyanate		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
lachrymator;
metabolite
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		7.611140pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		5.9481carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sulfamic acid
sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.		2.5920sulfamic acids
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		9.34984glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		2.73017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
chlordan
Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9510cyclodiene organochlorine insecticideGABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.3620bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		2.420ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		4.5940aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		1.9510pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.7730benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
puromycin aminonucleoside
3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.		1.97103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		12.12851adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		8.66100azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		2.4220tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		8.89624uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		3.690pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		3.3870pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		3.2460kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		8.69100pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		13.971062D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		21.4947399monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		3.67100phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
benzoxazolone
benzoxazolone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-benzoxazolinone : A member of the class of benzoxazoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole carrying an oxo group at position 2.		7.4110benzoxazoleallelochemical;
phytoalexin
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		14.486312amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		5.4620ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tributyrin
tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.		210butyrate ester;
triglyceride		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
protective agent
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.1710benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		16.889359amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		8.66100amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
phlorhizin
[no description available]		10.36230aryl beta-D-glucoside;
dihydrochalcones;
monosaccharide derivative		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		1.9410amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		25.971,20875adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		3.75110penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		2.3520penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		3.83120organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
4-toluenesulfonic acid
4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group.		210arenesulfonic acid;
toluenes
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		19.241,44112amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate
Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.		2.9240methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		3.3811quaternary ammonium salt
aniline
[no description available]		2.730anilines;
primary arylamine
2-aminoisobutyric acid
2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.		5.164702,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion;
2,2-dialkylglycine
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		2.610nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.713017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.830carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.7330cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cytidine diphosphate
Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.		1.9810cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		5.0190pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		9.37210lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		14.926893aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		3.5480
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		17.321,20211amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.874020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		7.01160alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		1.9810
cytidine
[no description available]		9.1231cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.87120cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
strophanthidin
Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.		1.981014beta-hydroxy steroid;
19-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
cardenolides;
steroid aldehyde
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		2.4120penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		5.34580antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		4.06150diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
3,5-dimethylpyrazole
3,5-dimethylpyrazole: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4110
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		9.36210chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
dimethyl sulfone
[no description available]		2.0510sulfone
gliotoxin
Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.		7.4920dipeptide;
organic disulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
pyrazinoindole		antifungal agent;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
proteasome inhibitor
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		2.4220organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		3.2160formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		3.984017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		8.4912504-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone
Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.		1.95101,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.		2.442017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
chlorisondamine
Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.		1.9510isoindoles
tubercidin
Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.		2.3720antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.49240beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		7.86570mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		4.1650beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid
Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.		3.86120nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide		indicator
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		10.611641non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene
Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.		2.8840C-nitro compound;
organofluorine compound		agrochemical;
allergen;
chromatographic reagent;
EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor;
protein-sequencing agent;
spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		12.954642amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		14.928413amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol
n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.		2.6530pentanol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		17.131,3485L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		17.381,0465amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		3.743017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		1.9510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		14.276453erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		14.695653aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n,n'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine
N,N'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine: in veterinary medicine, has been used to prevent vitamin E deficiency in lambs; structure. N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which one hydrogen from each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group.		1.9710N-substituted diamine;
secondary amino compound		antioxidant
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		17.181,0547arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
methyl bromide
methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.		1.9510bromohydrocarbon;
bromomethanes;
methyl halides		algal metabolite;
fumigant insecticide;
marine metabolite
ethane
Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.		2.9740alkane;
gas molecular entity		plant metabolite;
refrigerant
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		2.0310alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
acetylene
[no description available]		8.690alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
methyl iodide
methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.		210iodomethanes;
methyl halides		fumigant insecticide
methylamine
methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.		3.5280methylamines;
one-carbon compound;
primary aliphatic amine		mouse metabolite
boranes
Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.		2.9340boranes;
mononuclear parent hydride
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		2.4120alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
systhane
systhane: structure in first source. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)hexanenitrile : A nitrile that is hexanenitrile substituted at the 2-position by p-chlorophenyl and (1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups.		2.110monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile;
triazoles
ethylamine
ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.9440primary aliphatic aminehuman metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		3.1650aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
ethanethiol
ethanethiol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ethanethiol : An alkanethiol that is ethane substituted by a thiol group at position 1. It is added to odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to provide a garlic scent which helps warn of gas leaks.		2.1710alkanethiolrodenticide
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		2.0210chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
cyclopropane
cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.		2.3720cycloalkane;
cyclopropanes		inhalation anaesthetic
tetramethylammonium
tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.		2.8940quaternary ammonium ion
trichloroacetaldehyde
trichloroacetaldehyde : An organochlorine compound that consists of acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.		2.0510aldehyde;
organochlorine compound		mouse metabolite
trifluoroethanol
Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.		8.6190fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide
tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.		2.7130alkyl hydroperoxideantibacterial agent;
oxidising agent
dalapon
dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		210carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		9.55260monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid
Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.		2.9140fluoroalkanoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reagent
chloropicrin
chloropicrin: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED (66-85); Index Medicus search CHLOROPICRIN (66-85). chloropicrin : A C-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union.		2.0710C-nitro compound;
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antifungal agrochemical;
fumigant insecticide;
nematicide
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		1.961011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
bromthymol blue
Bromthymol Blue: A pH sensitive dye that has been used as an indicator in many laboratory reactions.. bromothymol blue : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups.		2.21102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
organobromine compound;
polyphenol;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		3.2360benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		4.4220primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
quinic acid
(-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.		2.6530
3-mercaptopropionic acid
3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.0110mercaptopropanoic acidalgal metabolite
pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025). pentaerythritol tetranitrate : A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.		2.610pentaerythritol nitrateexplosive;
vasodilator agent
triparanol
Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.		1.9510stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		210alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
isobutyl alcohol
isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3620alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol		Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isobutyraldehyde
isobutyraldehyde : A member of the class of propanals that is propanal substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		1.98102-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde;
propanals		Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
propylene dichloride
propylene dichloride: Russian drug; structure. 1,2-dichloropropane : A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of two adjacent carbons has been replaced by chlorines.		1.9610chloroalkane;
volatile organic compound
methylethyl ketone
methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.		1.9410butanone;
dialkyl ketone;
methyl ketone;
volatile organic compound		bacterial metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
propionamide
[no description available]		2.0210monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary fatty amide
acrylamide
[no description available]		9.1831acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		2.4320alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
n-methylacetamide
N-methylacetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the N-methyl derivative of acetamide.		2.7230acetamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		metabolite
nitroethane
nitroethane : A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group.		2.0510primary nitroalkane
isobutyric acid
isobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isobutyric acid : A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.		2.0110branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
fatty acid 4:0;
methyl-branched fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
methacrylamide
[no description available]		2.5220acrylamides;
primary carboxamide
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		8.43313monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		6.81510pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		2.520bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone: structure and RN in first source. 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol : A sulfone that is diphenyl sulfone in which both of the para hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.		2.3110bisphenol;
sulfone		endocrine disruptor;
metabolite
methylmethacrylate
Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.		2.0210enoate ester;
methyl ester		allergen;
polymerisation monomer
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		5.72270amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
quintozene
quintozene: active ingredient of variety of fungicides. pentachloronitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.		2.0610aromatic fungicide;
C-nitro compound;
pentachlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical
pyridoxic acid
Pyridoxic Acid: The catabolic product of most of VITAMIN B 6; (PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) which is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxic acid : A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxate : A pyridoxate that is the conjugate base of 4-pyridoxic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.0110hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite
skatole
[no description available]		1.9510methylindolehuman metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		5.911706-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
vitamin k5
vitamin k5: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4110naphthols
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		3.1150organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
9,10-phenanthrenequinone
9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure		2.0710phenanthrenes
phthalic anhydride
phthalic anhydride : The cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the anhydride of phthalic acid.		6.92102-benzofurans;
cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride		allergen
pyocyanine
Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		1.9410iminium betaine;
phenazines		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
biological pigment;
virulence factor
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.3620organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms.		2.4420hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid;
naphthols		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
fungal xenobiotic metabolite
fluorene
[no description available]		7.3620ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
carbazole
carbazole: structure in first source		2.1710carbazole
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		2.6530penicillin allergen;
penicillin
penicillanic acid
Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.		2.8840penicillanic acids
2,6-xylidine
2,6-xylidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-dimethylaniline : A primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 6-positions are replaced by methyl groups. It is used in the production of some anasthetics and other chemicals. It is a drug metabolite of lidocaine (local anasthetic).		210dimethylaniline;
primary arylamine		carcinogenic agent;
drug metabolite
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		9.12160
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.940pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-tert-butylphenol
[no description available]		1.9610alkylbenzene
1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene
[no description available]		2.2510C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes
dinoseb
dinoseb: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dinoseb : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dinoseb.. 2-(butan-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol that is 2,4-dinitrophenol substituted by a butan-2-yl group at position 2.		2.0310dinitrophenol
pyromellitic dianhydride
[no description available]		2.0510
thymol
Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.		2.610monoterpenoid;
phenols		volatile oil component
2-phenylbutyric acid
2-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		1.9810benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid		human xenobiotic metabolite
2-phenylphenol
2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.		2.0110hydroxybiphenylsantifungal agrochemical;
environmental food contaminant
xanthone
xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.		2.0310xanthonesinsecticide
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.		2.3110aldono-1,5-lactone;
gluconolactone		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		4.93370mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline
[no description available]		1.9310azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
isatin
tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;		2.6930indoledioneEC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		4.01140naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
pyronine
Pyronine: Xanthene dye used as a bacterial and biological stain. Synonyms: Pyronin; Pyronine G; Pyronine Y. Use also for Pyronine B. which is diethyl-rather than dimethylamino-.. pyronin Y : An organic chloride salt having 6-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium as the cation. Used with methyl green to selectively demonstrate RNA (red) in contrast to DNA (green) with the Unna-Pappenheim method.		2.0410iminium salt;
organic chloride salt		histological dye
diphenyl
diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		2.0610aromatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.9240xanthene
veratryl alcohol
(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl group are substituted by methoxy groups.		1.9910benzyl alcohols;
dimethoxybenzene;
primary alcohol		fungal metabolite
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.6730benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
benzothiophene
[no description available]		1.92101-benzothiophenes;
benzothiophene
benzothiazole
benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.		7.2110benzothiazolesenvironmental contaminant;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
3-chloro-4-methylaniline
3-chloro-p-toluidine : A monochloroaniline that is p-toluidine in which one of the hydrogens that is meta to the amino group is replaced by a chlorine.		1.9510chloroaniline;
monochlorobenzenes		avicide
durene
durene: structure. durene : A tetramethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.		1.9910tetramethylbenzene
styrene oxide
styrene oxide: structure. styrene oxide : An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.		210epoxidehuman xenobiotic metabolite
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants. 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is isopropanol in which one hydrogen of each methyl group is substituted by a chlorine. A liquid at room temperature (melting point -4degreeC, boiling point 174degreeC at 760 mm Hg), it is used as a solvent for hard resins and nitrocellulose.		2.1310organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		cross-linking reagent;
protic solvent
alpha-chlorohydrin
alpha-Chlorohydrin: A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents.. 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol : A chloropropane-1,2-diol that is propane-1,2-diol substituted by a chloro group at position 3.		2.1310chloropropane-1,2-diol
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.2660butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
n-methylpyrrole
[no description available]		2.4420pyrroles
soman
Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.		3.1450phosphonic ester
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.		2.67305-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
ethyl lactate
ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.		1.9910ethyl ester;
lactate ester;
secondary alcohol		metabolite
furaldehyde
Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.		2.9240aldehyde;
furans		Maillard reaction product;
metabolite
arsanilic acid
Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.		1.9310organoarsonic acid
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		4.011405-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
1-phenethylamine
1-phenethylamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine that is ethylamine substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.		1.9910phenylethylaminehuman metabolite
acetophenone
acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.4220acetophenonesanimal metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
nitrobenzene
nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.		1.9810nitroarene;
nitrobenzenes
3-aminobenzoic acid
3-aminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.		7.4820aminobenzoic acid
trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.		4.08150trehaloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sym-trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.		1.9510trinitrobenzeneexplosive
4-bromophenacyl bromide
4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure		210
4-toluic acid
4-toluic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. p-toluic acid : A methylbenzoic acid in which the methyl substituent is located at position 4.		2.0110methylbenzoic acid
4-nitrotoluene
4-nitrotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6470. mononitrotoluene : A nitrotoluene bearing a single nitro substituent at any position. A "closed class".. 4-nitrotoluene : A mononitrotoluene that consists of toluene bearing a nitro substituent at the 4-position.		1.9510mononitrotoluene
4-nitroaniline
[no description available]		2.3820nitroanilinebacterial xenobiotic metabolite
4-vinylpyridine
4-vinylpyridine: reagent for blocking cysteine function in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd		210
benzylamine
aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.		2.4920aralkylamine;
primary amine		allergen;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.8940phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
methylphenylsulfide
thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.4220aryl sulfide;
benzenes
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		2.4220quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
cyclamic acid
Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.		2.6630sulfamic acidsenvironmental contaminant;
human xenobiotic metabolite
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		1.9510pyridinium salt
ethyl phenylacetate
[no description available]		2.1710benzenes
tributylamine
tributylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510tertiary amine
boric acid
[no description available]		2.4620boric acidsastringent
2-phenylethyl acetate
phenethyl acetate : The acetate ester of 2-phenylethanol.		2.1710acetate estermetabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylisothiocyanate
phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.		2.6630isothiocyanateallergen;
reagent
phenetole
phenetole : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen is bonded to an ethyl and a phenyl group.		2.2510aromatic ether
caprolactam
Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.4520caprolactamshuman blood serum metabolite
4-phenylenediamine
4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.		2.0210phenylenediamineallergen;
dye;
hapten;
reagent
dimethyl succinate
dimethyl succinate: potent insulin secretagogue		1.9910fatty acid methyl ester
butane
butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.		2.9940alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant;
refrigerant
acrolein
[no description available]		8.0950enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
allylamine
Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.		2.3720alkylamine
acrylonitrile
[no description available]		6.9210aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		antifungal agent;
carcinogenic agent;
fungal metabolite;
mutagen;
polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol
allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.		2.4420primary allylic alcohol;
propenol		antibacterial agent;
fungicide;
herbicide;
insecticide;
plant metabolite
propargyl alcohol
propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.4220propynol;
terminal acetylenic compound;
volatile organic compound		antifungal agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glyoxal
[no description available]		3.7730dialdehydeagrochemical;
allergen;
pesticide;
plant growth regulator
isethionic acid
Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.8840alkanesulfonic acidhuman metabolite
hexylene glycol
hexylene glycol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol : A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).		2.0310glycol
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.4320alkane
3-hydroxybutanal
[no description available]		2.7330
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		1.9810ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
3-phenylenediamine
1,3-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine taht is benzene substituted at positions 1 and 3 with amino functions.		2.3110phenylenediamine
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		4.3341cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
3-hydroxypyridine
3-hydroxypyridine: RN given refeirs to parent cpd. 3-pyridinol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has been detected as a thermal degradation product from the smoke of the burning leaves of Salvia divinorum, a Mexican psychoactive plant.		210monohydroxypyridine
2-chloropyridine
2-chloropyridine: structure given in first source		2.2510monochloropyridine
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		2.7220short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		2.7330alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
n-methylaminoethanol
N-methylaminoethanol: structure. N-methylethanolamine : An ethanolamine compound having an N-methyl substituent.		1.9810ethanolamines
diethylamine
[no description available]		2.0710secondary aliphatic amine
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		11.69713pyrrole;
secondary amine
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		6.05390mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		2.4320alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.		2.4420cycloalkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
cyclohexene
cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.		2.0210cycloalkene
piperidine
[no description available]		2.9540azacycloalkane;
piperidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
secondary amine		base;
catalyst;
human metabolite;
non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
protic solvent;
reagent
morpholine
[no description available]		2.0710morpholines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		NMR chemical shift reference compound
1-hexanol
1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		1.9510hexanol;
primary alcohol		alarm pheromone;
antibacterial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
n-decyl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.		2.4220decanol;
primary alcohol		metabolite;
pheromone;
protic solvent
dodecanol
Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.		2.9340dodecanol;
primary alcohol		bacterial metabolite;
cosmetic;
insect attractant;
insecticide;
pheromone;
plant metabolite
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		3.0450peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		5.48161biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
bromphenol blue
Bromphenol Blue: A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain.. bromophenol blue : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.		2.41102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
organobromine compound;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
acetol
hydroxyacetone : A propanone that is acetone in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		1.9810methyl ketone;
primary alcohol;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
propanones		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tetrafluoroethylene
tetrafluoroethylene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.2510fluorocarbon
hexafluoropropene
[no description available]		2.2510
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		4.04150aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
benzoin
[no description available]		7.4220benzoins;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor
tetralin
tetralin: structure given in first source. tetralin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of naphthalene.		1.9310ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon;
tetralins
scoparone
scoparone: structure. scoparone : A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities.		2.1110aromatic ether;
coumarins		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antilipemic drug;
immunosuppressive agent;
plant metabolite
sulfoxide
sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).		2.1310benzodioxoles
triethylamine
[no description available]		2.0410tertiary amine
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0210anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		3.3970hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
captan
Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.		3.1250isoindoles;
organochlorine compound;
organosulfur compound;
phthalimide fungicide		antifungal agrochemical
folpet
folpet : A member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice the 1950s.		2.4420organochlorine compound;
organosulfur compound;
phthalimide fungicide		antifungal agrochemical
iodohippuric acid
Iodohippuric Acid: An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.. 2-iodohippuric acid : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of glycine.		2.8840benzamides;
N-acylglycine;
organoiodine compound
uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.		2.6730UDP-D-glucosefundamental metabolite
3,5-diiodosalicylic acid
3,5-diiodosalicylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0610
1-naphthylamine
1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.		2.3520naphthylaminehuman xenobiotic metabolite
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		3.5990naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
2-aminothiophenol
2-aminothiophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-aminothiophenol : An aryl thiol that is thiophenol substituted at position 2 by an amino group.		1.9710aryl thiol;
substituted aniline		plant metabolite
2,5-dimethyl-4-benzoquinone
[no description available]		1.9910
n-butyl lactate
[no description available]		2.2110carboxylic ester
shikimic acid
Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.		3.4880alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)		3.1150NTA;
tricarboxylic acid		carcinogenic agent;
nephrotoxic agent
dodecyl sulfate
dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE		2.1110alkyl sulfate
ethyl acetate
ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.		2.4420acetate ester;
ethyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-hydroxypyridine
hydroxypyridine : Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent.. pyridin-2-ol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		210monohydroxypyridineplant metabolite
hexanoic acid
hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		2.9940medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
iminodiacetic acid
iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0610amino dicarboxylic acid;
glycine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		chelator
n-heptane
Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).		1.9910alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		3.0750cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
pregnenolone
[no description available]		9.326020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		2.6730methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose
3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.		3.3670D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		2.3820purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.0210hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
pentoxyl
Pentoxyl: 5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonyms: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil.		2.0110pyrimidone
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		2.3820dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
D-proline
[no description available]		2.4120D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-alpha-amino acid;
proline		mouse metabolite
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		3.79110cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
aziridine
[no description available]		2.8130azacycloalkane;
aziridines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		alkylating agent
D-tryptophan
[no description available]		210D-alpha-amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		bacterial metabolite
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		10.31111catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.		5.88190organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
homoarginine
L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.		2.110homoarginine;
L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		biomarker;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
rat metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
diazooxonorleucine
Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.		3.5890amino acid zwitterion;
diazo compound;
ketone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		analgesic;
antibacterial agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		2.110ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		6.6592azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		8.98140acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.8130indazole
benzoxazoles
1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.		3.32601,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
azulene
[no description available]		2.8130azulenes;
mancude carbobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
triethylenediamine
triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.		2.0510bridged compound;
diamine;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent;
tertiary amino compound		antioxidant;
catalyst;
reagent
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.9740adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		10.55230cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		5.05410isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		6.073901,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		14.6410451,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		2.9240diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		21.59955diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		1.9510steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
nitroblue tetrazolium
Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.		1.9710organic cation
methylphenazonium methosulfate
Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.		2.8840azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
phenazines
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		2.8740phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
allylisopropylacetamide
Allylisopropylacetamide: An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein.		1.9710
3-methoxytyrosine
3-O-methyldopa : A L-tyrosine derivative that is the 3-methoxy derivative of L-dopa.		210aromatic L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monomethoxybenzene;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		5.59750azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate
thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.		1.9610pseudohalide anion;
sulfur molecular entity		human metabolite
dexamethasone 21-phosphate
dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.		1.961011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		glucocorticoid receptor agonist
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.1710organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
bromacil
bromacil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromacil : A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (R)- and (S)-bromacil.. 5-bromo-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione : A pyrimidone that is pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione substituted by a bromo group at position 5, a butan-2-yl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 6.		2.0810organobromine compound;
pyrimidone
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		2.0410pyrrolizidine alkaloid
2-fluorophenylalanine
2-fluorophenylalanine: p-fluorophenylalanine is a minor descriptor; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. 2-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of 2-fluoro-L-phenylalanine and 2-fluoro-D-phenylalanine.. 2-fluorophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		1.9510monofluorobenzenes;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine derivative
6-aminonicotinamide
6-Aminonicotinamide: A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.. 6-aminonicotinamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion and synergizes with DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, in killing cancer cells.		210aminopyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary amino compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
teratogenic agent
linuron
Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.		3.5680dichlorobenzene;
phenylureas		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
flurothyl
Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.		2.1510ether
tetrapropylammonium
tetrapropylammonium: more than 12 salts of above cpd in Chemline. tetrapropylammonium : A quarternary ammonium cation with four propyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		2.1510quaternary ammonium ion
methylthioinosine
Methylthioinosine: 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position.		2.3920purine ribonucleoside;
thiopurine
5-fluorotryptophan
5-fluorotryptophan: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. 5-fluorotryptophan : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is tryptophan in which the hydrogen at position 5 on the indole ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		2.3920non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organofluorine compound;
tryptophan derivative
3-acetylpyridine
3-acetylpyridine: inhibits tremors		2.3420aromatic ketone
aminoimidazole carboxamide
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.		3.1350aminoimidazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide		mouse metabolite
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		2.3720ergoline alkaloid
kynuramine
Kynuramine: An aromatic ketone containing the aniline structure (ANILINE COMPOUNDS).. kynuramine : A member of the class of kynurenamines that is aniline substituted at position 2 by a 3-aminopropanoyl group.		2.4120kynurenamines;
primary amino compound		metabolite
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		3.2660thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		10.43753amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		10.575111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide
Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.		210
ethylene sulfide
[no description available]		3.2710organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.42020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.5420bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.653017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol : An organofluorine compound that is benzyl alcohol substituted by fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.		2.0110benzyl alcohols;
organofluorine compound
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9210alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfur-containing amino acid;
thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antidote;
antioxidant;
hepatoprotective agent
2-aminopurine
2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.		2.38202-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
3-fluorophenylalanine
3-fluorophenylalanine: p-fluorophenylalanine is a minor descriptor; RN given refers cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.6730
coniine
coniine: alkaloid isolated from Conium maculatum L.; properties as an analgesics, antineuralgic, & teratogen; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4110
dicyandiamido
dicyandiamido: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.		1.9410guanidines;
nitrile		curing agent;
explosive;
fertilizer;
flame retardant;
nitrification inhibitor
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		9.09160imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		2.6830monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
homocystine
[no description available]		3.3470amino acid zwitterion;
homocystines		human metabolite
neopentane
pediocin 5: from Pediococcus acidilactici UL5; 43 amino acid residues		2.0610alkane
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		3.1850calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		7.4120bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		4.38210
plumbagin
plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.		7.7330hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone;
phenols		anticoagulant;
antineoplastic agent;
immunological adjuvant;
metabolite
cepharanthine
cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.		2.2510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate
Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.		2.0110acyl sulfate;
adenosine bisphosphate;
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.9430isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ninhydrin
Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.		8.150aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
indanones;
ketone hydrate		colour indicator;
human metabolite
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		4.45230benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		8.39520dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
bufotenin
Bufotenin: A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.. bufotenin : A tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5.		2.0110tertiary amine;
tryptamine alkaloid		coral metabolite;
hallucinogen
fructose-1,6-diphosphate
beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.4110D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphatemouse metabolite
methyl red
methyl red: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methyl red : An azo dye consisting of benzoic acid substituted at position 2 by a 4-[(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl group.		2.0410
indoline
indoline: structure given in first source		2.7430indoles
dithiol
dithiol: structure		2.4220
norcamphor
norcamphor: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desination		2.0110
arecaidine
[no description available]		2.3720citraconoyl group
isomaltose
[no description available]		1.9810
carvacrol
carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).		2.610botanical anti-fungal agent;
p-menthane monoterpenoid;
phenols		agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
flavouring agent;
TRPA1 channel agonist;
volatile oil component
dipicolinic acid
dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.		9.63270pyridinedicarboxylic acidbacterial metabolite
indophenol
Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.		1.9410quinone iminedye
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.52204-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
isovaleric acid
isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid.		7.6530branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
methylbutyric acid;
short-chain fatty acid		mammalian metabolite;
plant metabolite
phorone
phorone: an industrial solvent; structure		1.9610dialkenyl ketone
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		5.7461
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		3.3970thiazolidine
suberic acid
suberic acid: used in plastics industry; inhibits activity of some enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. suberic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,6-dicarboxy derivative of hexane.		1.9810alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite
cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.		4.63280
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.0310hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
tetranitromethane
[no description available]		210organonitrogen compound
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		1.9910ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
abietic acid
abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18.		2.0810abietane diterpenoid;
monocarboxylic acid		plant metabolite
hematoxylin
Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.		2.4110organic heterotetracyclic compound;
oxacycle;
polyphenol;
tertiary alcohol		histological dye;
plant metabolite
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.15103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		2.362017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		3.518017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
luminol
Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.		1.9610
flavone
flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.		2.4120flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
gluconic acid
gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.		3.2460gluconic acidchelator;
Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		4.26190organic molecular entity
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		2.4620C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.		1.9510
1,2-dinitrobenzene
[no description available]		2.0310dinitrobenzene
cellobiose
beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.		2.730cellobioseepitope
syringic acid
syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.		2.4110benzoic acids;
dimethoxybenzene;
phenols		plant metabolite
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		1.9910thiazoles
2-n-butylmalonate
2-n-butylmalonate: structure		1.9810
pyrithiamine
Pyrithiamine: A thiamine antagonist due to its inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphorylation. It is used to produce thiamine deficiency.. pyrithiamine : A pyridinium ion that is 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridine substituted at position 1 by a (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl group.		1.9710
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		4.4851methoxybenzenes;
phenols
phenylacetylene
phenylacetylene: can polymerize into DENDRIMERS		7.0710benzenes
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		8.4570amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.		8.83120carbodiimideATP synthase inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
peptide coupling reagent
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.		1.9710alkane;
volatile organic compound		fuel additive;
nephrotoxin;
non-polar solvent
3-aminobutyric acid
3-aminobutyric acid: GABA uptake inhibitor. 3-aminobutanoic acid : A beta-amino acid that is butyric acid which is substituted by an amino group at position 3.		2.4820amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite
maleimide
[no description available]		2.2110dicarboximide;
maleimides		EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		5.91231dialdehydebiomarker
aceturic acid
aceturic acid: structure. N-acetylglycine : An N-acylglycine where the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.730N-acetyl-amino acid;
N-acylglycine		human metabolite
myristic acid
Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.08150long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
methyl lactate
methyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. methyl 2-hydroxypropionate : A lactate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid with methanol.		2.3920lactate ester;
methyl ester		metabolite
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.9140arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound		epitope;
explosive;
reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		210organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		3.0410organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
4,4'-bipyridyl
4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.		2.7630bipyridine
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		210carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.		3.5890arenesulfonic acid;
arylmercury compound
glycyl-glycyl-glycine
glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.		2.7330tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
glycylglycine
[no description available]		8.5890dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite
doxylamine succinate
[no description available]		2.1710organic molecular entity
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		3.580glycerophosphocholine
2-hydroxybutyric acid
2-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hydroxybutyric acid : Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.. 2-hydroxybutyric acid : A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.		4.47222-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
isoserine
isoserine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3320
congo red
Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.		3.1250bis(azo) compound
docusate
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.		2.4120diester;
organosulfonic acid
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		2.5120flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
8-aminoquinoline
[no description available]		2.1110
allethrins
Allethrins: Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.2510cyclopropanecarboxylate esterpyrethroid ester insecticide
diphenylamine
Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.		2.6730aromatic amine;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
antioxidant;
carotogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
levulinic acid
levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.		1.9310oxopentanoic acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
allyl sulfide
allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1		2.1110organic sulfide
n-methylhydroxylamine
[no description available]		210
2-bromopropionic acid, (dl)-isomer
2-bromopropionic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.2510
2-chloropropionic acid
2-chloropropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified chlorine locant; structure		2.730
2,3-pentanedione
pentane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is pentane substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by oxo groups.		710alpha-diketone;
methyl ketone		flavouring agent
ethylmalonic acid
ethylmalonic acid: don't confuse with diethyl malonate, which is a diester. ethylmalonate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of ethylmalonic acid.. ethylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid obtained by substitution of one of the methylene hydrogens of malonic acid by an ethyl group.		210dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite
alpha-naphthoflavone
alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).		1.9910extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
dansyl chloride
dansyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0310aminonaphthalene;
sulfonic acid derivative
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		1.9610antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
phenylglyoxylic acid
phenylglyoxylic acid: styrene metabolite. phenylglyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehyde hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2102-oxo monocarboxylic acidbiomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite
1-methyluracil
1-methyluracil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-methyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with a methyl group substituent at position 1.		2.0410nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidone		metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		8.05152acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
chorismic acid
Chorismic Acid: A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS.. chorismic acid : The (3R,4R)-stereoisomer of 5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid.		2.15105-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
3-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid: metabolite of L-dopa; structure. 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		human xenobiotic metabolite
3-methylglutaric acid
[no description available]		2.3110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidmetabolite
4-hydroxypyridine
4-pyridone: structure in first source. 4-hydroxypyridine : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.. 4-pyridone : The simplest member of the class of pyridin-4-ones, that is 1,4-dihydropyridine in which the hydrogens at position 4 have been replaced by an oxo group.		1.98104-pyridones;
monohydroxypyridine
dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine
Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine: 1,4-Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine : A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.		1.9710dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester		hepatic steatosis inducing agent
c.i. 42510
Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.		3.2560
2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid
2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid: hypocalcemic action; structure. pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid : A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole carrying a carboxy substituent at position 2.		210pyrrolecarboxylic acidplant metabolite
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		1.9710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		8.99140cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		2.422017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
mannoheptulose
Mannoheptulose: A 7-carbon keto sugar having the mannose configuration.. D-keto-manno-heptulose : The open chain form of D-manno-heptulose.. D-manno-heptulose : A manno-heptulose with a D-configuration. It has been found in avocados.		1.9510D-manno-heptulose
homoserine
homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.		11.22270amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines
Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.		3.260
2-piperidone
2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		210delta-lactam;
piperidones		EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		8.7830N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
hadacidin
hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.		2.3720aldehyde;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
pyridine n-oxide
pyridine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyridine N-oxide : The pyridine N-oxide derived from the parent pyridine. It is a drug metabolite of the antihypertensive agent pinacidil.		1.9810pyridine N-oxidesdrug metabolite
triphenylphosphine oxide
triphenylphosphine oxide: used in the extraction, separation & spectrophotometric determination of cadmium & mercury in environmental samples. triphenylphosphane oxide : A phosphine oxide in which the substituents on phosphorus are three phenyl groups.		2.0310phosphine oxideNMR chemical shift reference compound
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		1.971017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
4-nitrophenyl acetate
[no description available]		2.6830C-nitro compound;
phenyl acetates
naphthyl acetate
naphthyl acetate: do not confuse with naphthaleneacetic acid; acetic acid ester of naphthol		2.3720
ametryne
ametryne: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, TRIAZINE (75-83) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & TRIAZINES (72-74); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. ametryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.1110diamino-1,3,5-triazine;
methylthio-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide
potassium citrate
Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.		7.0410potassium saltdiuretic
alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine
alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine: metabolite of HCFU & 5-fluorouracil; structure in first source		3.2360organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
hydroxyethyl methacrylate
hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.4220enoate esterallergen;
polymerisation monomer
n-methylpyrrolidone
1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0610lactam;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		polar aprotic solvent
1,1,1-trichloroacetone
[no description available]		2.0510
hexafluoroisopropanol
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.		2.0710organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol		drug metabolite
3-cyanoalanine
3-cyanoalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-cyanoalanine : An alanine derivative obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens in alanine with a cyano group		11.12480alanine derivative;
aliphatic nitrile;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
dodecylamine
dodecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.7530primary aliphatic amine
2-cyclohexen-1-one
2-cyclohexen-1-one: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with specified locant for double bond. cyclohexenone : The parent compound of the cyclohexenones, composed of cyclohexanone having one double bond in the ring.. cyclohex-2-enone : A cyclohexenone having its C=C double bond at the 2-position.		2.0210cyclohexenone
phenylisocyanide
[no description available]		2.0310isocyanide
2-aminobenzimidazole
2-aminobenzimidazole: metabolite of benomyl; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-aminobenzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.		2.0210benzimidazolesmarine xenobiotic metabolite
n-phenylmaleimide
N-phenylmaleimide: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7104		2.0310
laurolactam
laurolactam: structure in first source		2.1310azamacrocycle;
keratan 6'-sulfate
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		7.3863pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.6530pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol
2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.		2.4120dichlorobenzene;
quinone imine
2'-deoxyadenosine
2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source		2.420purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl		2.0410
hexamethylsilazane
hexamethylsilazane: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110N-silyl compoundchromatographic reagent
simetryn
simetryn : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methylthio group at position 6.		2.0810diamino-1,3,5-triazine;
methylthio-1,3,5-triazine		herbicide
pyrrolnitrin
Pyrrolnitrin: 3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Antifungal antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. It is effective mainly against Trichophyton, Microsporium, Epidermophyton, and Penicillium.. pyrrolnitrin : A member of the class of pyrroles carrying chloro and 3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.		1.9810alkaloid;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		antifungal drug;
bacterial metabolite
deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		1.99102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ammonium bicarbonate
ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)		1.9910organooxygen compound
1-aminomethylphosphonic acid
1-aminomethylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate.		1.9610one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids
allylglycine
Allylglycine: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.		1.9710
cyanoacetylene
cyanoacetylene: structure in first source		2.0310
phenylglyoxal
[no description available]		3.2360phenylacetaldehydes
dichlofluanid
dichlofluanid: structure. dichlofluanid : A member of the class of sulfamides that is sulfamide in which the hydrogens attached to one of the nitrogens are replaced by methyl groups, while those attached to the other nitrogen are replaced by a phenyl and a [dichloro(fluoro)methyl]sulfanediyl group. A fungicide introduced in 1965 and used in the cultivation of fruit and vegetables, as well as in wood preservatives, it is no longer approved for use in the European Union.		2.0510organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylsulfamide fungicide;
sulfamides		acaricide;
antifungal agrochemical
pyrithioxin
Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.		7.3620methylpyridines
undecane
undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms.		2.0310alkane
4-aminothiophenol
[no description available]		1.9710
fenchone, (+-)-isomer
fenchone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fenchone : A carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare).		2.0110carbobicyclic compound;
cyclic terpene ketone;
fenchane monoterpenoid		plant metabolite
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		3.5380
cadmium sulfide
[no description available]		2.2510cadmium molecular entity
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		4.11160alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide
Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.		340zinc molecular entity
cupric sulfide
copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		2.2110
hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.		2.6730hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.		2.2110inorganic hydroxy compoundfood acidity regulator
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		7.51710glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346
sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.		1.9610nucleoside analogueprotein kinase inhibitor
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.730enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		6.09162alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
tocopherols
[no description available]		2.0210
pseudouridine
[no description available]		3.2310pseudouridinesfundamental metabolite
selenomethionine
[no description available]		3.0140selenoamino acid;
selenomethionines		plant metabolite
selenocystine
selenocystine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.6530diselenide;
selenoamino acid
2,4-dinitrothiocyanatobenzene
2,4-dinitro-1-thiocyanatobenzene : A thiocyanate compound having a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group attached to the sulfur atom.		2.3110C-nitro compound;
thiocyanates		hapten;
tolerogen
vincamine
Vincamine: A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.		1.9510alkaloid ester;
hemiaminal;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
vinca alkaloid		antihypertensive agent;
metabolite;
vasodilator agent
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		2.6430cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
decane
decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.		2.7130alkane
aminoethyl-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane
aminoethyl-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane: RN given refers to parent cpd; a silylating agent		2.0510
dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride
dihexadecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to chloride		2.0410
stearylamine
stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		1.9810primary aliphatic aminefilm-forming compound
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide
Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.		2.4120
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.		3.1950aromatic fungicide;
dinitrile;
tetrachlorobenzene		antifungal agrochemical
phenyltrimethylammonium
phenyltrimethylammonium: d9-cpd suppresses methylation artifacts in gas chromatography of serum extracts; RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethylphenylammonium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of N,N-dimethylaniline.		2.0310quaternary ammonium ion
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		3.3970organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.02102'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.9340tertiary amine
tetrabutylammonium
tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.9640quaternary ammonium ion
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		2.3720benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .		5.31180methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		9.01140aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		1.9610benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.		3.5280azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
azaribine
azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.		1.9610acetate ester;
N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine		antipsoriatic;
prodrug
n-isopropylacrylamide
N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands		710
1,5-naphthalenediamine
1,5-diaminonaphthalene: structure in first source. naphthalene-1,5-diamine : A naphthalenediamine compound having amino substituents in the 1- and 5-positions.		2.0510naphthalenediaminecarcinogenic agent
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		5.87812-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
methyl thioglycolate
methyl thioglycolate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0610
mirex
Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.		6.9710chlorocarbon;
organochlorine insecticide		persistent organic pollutant
thioflavin t
thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.		3.75100organic chloride saltfluorochrome;
geroprotector;
histological dye
flupenthixol
Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595). flupenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.		210thioxanthenes
captafol
captafol: RN given refers to cpd with specified chlorine locants. captafol : A dicarboximide that captan in which the trichloromethyl group is replaced by a 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethyl group. A broad-spectrum fungicide used to control diseases in fruit and potatoes, it is no longer approved for use in the European Community.		210isoindoles;
organochlorine compound;
organosulfur compound;
phthalimide fungicide		antifungal agrochemical
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		3.77110fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dodine
dodine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-dodecylguanidine acetate : An acetate salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of 1-dodecylguanidine and acetic acid. It is used as a fungicide to control black spot and foliar diseases on apples, pears, peaches, nectarines and strawberries.		2.0810acetate salt;
aliphatic nitrogen antifungal agent		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid
Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.		2.6830UDP-D-glucuronic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ethamsylate
Ethamsylate: Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic hemostatic.		3.1110organosulfur compound;
sulfonic acid derivative
chloroneb
chloroneb: structure. chloroneb : A dimethoxybenzene that is p-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 5. A fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, it is not approved for use in the European Union.		2.6830aromatic fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
dimethoxybenzene		antifungal agrochemical
methyl methanethiosulfonate
S-methyl methanethiosulfonate : A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol.		2.3920sulfonic acid derivative;
thiosulfonate ester		metabolite
uridine diphosphate galactose
Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.		1.9910UDP-D-galactosemouse metabolite
benzyl thiocyanate
benzyl thiocyanate: increases activities of anhydrotetracycline oxygenase		1.9410thiocyanates
dichloroacetonitrile
dichloroacetonitrile: by-product of water chlorination; structure given in first source		2.0710aliphatic nitrile
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		8.150dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
beta-butyrolactone
beta-butyrolactone: structure		210beta-lactone
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source		2.4320primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		3.5180fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		2.3920thujeneplant metabolite
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		9.76320D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		5.994301,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
cyclazocine
Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.		1.9910
phenoxyacetic acid
phenoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.		2.1310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant growth retardant
ecdysone
[no description available]		1.941014alpha-hydroxy steroid;
22-hydroxy steroid;
25-hydroxy steroid;
2beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-sterol;
6-oxo steroid;
ecdysteroid		prohormone
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		1.96102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
denatonium benzoate
[no description available]		2.0710
streptomycin
[no description available]		9.34210antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		5.71160carbon oxoanion
2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole
2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		1.9910adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		7.3620penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		2.3920diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
5,6-dihydroxytryptamine
5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.		1.9810
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		1.9710isoquinolines
norleucine
Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.		4.191702-aminohexanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
carboxin
Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.		2.4520anilide fungicide;
anilide;
enamide;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle;
secondary carboxamide		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
5-nitroindazole
[no description available]		2.1110
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate
Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.		2.3420
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		1.9610beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate
P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		2.0110diadenosyl tetraphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		2.0110dioxolane
furoylglycine
furoylglycine: structure given in first source. N-(2-furoyl)glycine : A glycine derivative that is the carboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with 2-furoic acid.		2.1710furans;
N-acylglycine		human metabolite
terbutylazine
terbutylazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.		2.0110chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.		2.1110cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene		human metabolite
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		5.16470amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
ammonium nitrate
ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.		2.0310ammonium salt;
inorganic molecular entity;
inorganic nitrate salt		explosive;
fertilizer;
oxidising agent
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		1.9710
tert-nitrosobutane
[no description available]		1.9610
p-azobenzenearsonate
p-Azobenzenearsonate: A hapten capable of eliciting both antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity when bound to aromatic amino acids, polypeptides or proteins. It is used as an immunologic research tool.. 4,4'-azodibenzenearsonic acid : The monoazo compound formed from arsanilic acid. It is used as an immunologic research tool.		210
hepes
[no description available]		6.9710HEPES;
organosulfonic acid
dysprosium
Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.		2.0210f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
iridium
Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.		3.3550cobalt group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
lanthanum
[no description available]		3.0750f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		5.85960elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		10.73280elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		4.05150chromium group element atommicronutrient
neodymium
Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.		7.9540f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
niobium
Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.		2.0410vanadium group element atom
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		4.45200metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		3.5280elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
praseodymium
Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.		2.4320f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
rhenium
Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.		2.0310manganese group element atom
rhodium
Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.		210cobalt group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		8.6290iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
samarium
Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		3.1650f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		4.6280copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum
Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.		1.9410vanadium group element atom
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		5.44151manganese group element atom
terbium
Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.		3.2660f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		3.76100titanium group element atom
tungsten
Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.		1.9410chromium group element atommicronutrient
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		3.0550monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		5.79290cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		8.3570chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
europium
Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.		2.7230f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		4.25170f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		4.55230copper group element atom;
elemental gold
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.		7.6530monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom		food packaging gas
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		3.3470actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		8.3970elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
xenon
Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.		3.0850monoatomic xenon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
yttrium
Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.		2.3720d-block element atom;
rare earth metal atom;
scandium group element atom
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		2.0110titanium group element atom
cupric chloride
cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		2.9440copper molecular entity;
inorganic chloride		EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		3.0950magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		3.85120mercury coordination entitysensitiser
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		4.39210N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		4.56260D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		2.3820sodium phosphate
sodium nitrate
sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.		2.9240inorganic nitrate salt;
inorganic sodium salt		fertilizer;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		3.6190chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		4.3660delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
ferric chloride
ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents		7.3820iron coordination entityastringent;
Lewis acid
phosphine
phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.		8.2250mononuclear parent hydride;
phosphanes;
phosphine		carcinogenic agent;
fumigant insecticide
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		4.03150diatomic bromine
barium sulfate
Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.		1.9410barium salt;
inorganic barium salt;
metal sulfate		radioopaque medium
s-methylcysteine
S-methylcysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. S-methylcysteine : A cysteine derivative that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a methyl group.		2.940S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion;
S-alkyl-L-cysteine		human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		2.730metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
potassium nitrate
potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.		7.3520inorganic nitrate salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
sodium sulfate
[no description available]		2.3920inorganic sodium salt
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		3.4780calcium phosphate
chromates
Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.		1.9610chromium oxoanion;
divalent inorganic anion		oxidising agent
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		2.4110metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
tungstate
[no description available]		2.110divalent inorganic anion;
tungsten oxoanion
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		2.3820inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
calcium sulfate
Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.		2.4420calcium salt;
inorganic calcium salt
potassium sulfate
potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4		210inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		11.171563dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		6.19450diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		6.07400diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
nitrous acid
Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9510nitrogen oxoacid
silver chloride
[no description available]		2.0710inorganic chloride;
silver salt
beryllium fluoride
beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.		2.0210beryllium molecular entity;
fluoride salt
potassium chromate(vi)
potassium chromate(VI): RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-CrH2O4. potassium chromate : A potassium salt consisting of potassium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		1.9610potassium saltcarcinogenic agent;
oxidising agent
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.		6.18311deuterated compound;
water		NMR solvent
fluorosulfonic acid
perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer		2.0310sulfur oxoacidNMR solvent
mercuric bromide
mercury dibromide : A mercury coordination entity composed of mercury and bromine with the formula HgBr2.		1.9910mercury coordination entity
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		5.76290
vasotocin
Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.		1.9410
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		1.9710elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
ferric sulfate
ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.		2.1710iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		astringent;
catalyst;
mordant
hydroiodic acid
hydrogen iodide : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and iodine atoms.		2.0510gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.		2.1710aluminium sulfate
lead nitrate
lead nitrate: RN given refers to unspecified lead nitrate		2.0610inorganic nitrate salt;
lead coordination entity
sodium selenite
disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.4220inorganic sodium salt;
selenite salt		nutraceutical
tellurous acid
tellurous acid: tellurite anion inhibits oxidation of NAD-linked substrates in kidney & liver mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd		210tellurium oxoacid
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		8.150cadmium coordination entity
calcium nitrate
calcium nitrate: an amylopsin activator. calcium nitrate : Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium.		7.4110calcium salt;
inorganic nitrate salt		fertilizer
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.		3.0650benzoxadiazole;
C-nitro compound;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor;
fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome
chlormerodrin
Chlormerodrin: A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.. chlormerodrin : Urea in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-chloromercury-2-methoxyprop-1-yl group. It was formerly used as a diuretic, but more potent and less toxic drugs are now available. Its radiolabelled ((197)Hg, (203)Hg) forms were used in diagnostic aids in renal imaging and brain scans.		1.9510organomercury compound;
ureas		diagnostic agent;
diuretic
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		4.7671
rhamnose
[no description available]		4.59270L-rhamnose
chloramine
[no description available]		2.4620halide
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		3.360benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
coformycin
[no description available]		1.9710coformycinsEC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		11.6680ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		4.43230S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
cysteic acid
Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.		3.66100alanine derivative;
amino sulfonic acid;
carboxyalkanesulfonic acid;
cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		animal metabolite
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate
Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.		2.0110
kitazine
kitazine: see also record for kitazin P; structure given in first source		2.0610
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		3.3860titanium oxidesfood colouring
3-carene
3-carene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0610monoterpene
3,5-dichlorocatechol
3,5-dichlorocatechol : A dichlorocatechol carrying chloro groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0210dichlorocatechol
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.		2.0110chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		phenoxy herbicide
tetrathionic acid
Tetrathionic Acid: A sulfuric acid dimer, formed by disulfide linkage. This compound has been used to prolong coagulation time and as an antidote in cyanide poisoning.		1.9610sulfur oxoacid
tiletamine hydrochloride
Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		3.2360
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		5.1350selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
methyl acetimidate
methyl acetimidate: affords intermediate protection for amino group; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610
clobutinol
clobutinol: was minor as SILOMAT mapped to AMINO ALCOHOLS (63-79)		2.0210benzenes;
organic amino compound
devrinol
devrinol: structure. napropamide : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-napropamide.. N,N-diethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propanamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is propanamide substituted by two ethyl groups at the nitrogen atom and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 2.		2.3110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
naphthalenes
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		4.2641beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
4-nitrobenzofurazan
4-nitrobenzofurazan: structure		2.0310
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		6.78470acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
sodium bisulfide
sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)		2.5220
gold tetrachloride, acid
gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1)		2.1710
fluorides
[no description available]		4.56260halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
n-acetylglycinamide
[no description available]		2.0210
18-crown-6
18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.		7.0610crown ether;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		phase-transfer catalyst
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		2.3720carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
benomyl
[no description available]		2.7130aromatic amide;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
anthelminthic drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecysteine
mecysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer. methyl L-cysteinate : An L-cysteinyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-cysteine with methanol. It is used (as the hydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough.		2.1710L-cysteinyl ester;
primary amino compound;
thiol		mucolytic
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		3.77212-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
iodine
[no description available]		4.27190halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		1.9510aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
metribuzin
metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.		2.06101,2,4-triazines;
cyclic ketone;
organic sulfide		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
lofexidine
lofexidine: reduces narcotic withdrawal symptoms; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6247		2.1710aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		1.9510cephalosporinantibacterial drug
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		8.89120L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
2,6-diaminopurine
9H-purine-2,6-diamine : A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9H-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups.		1.96102,6-diaminopurines;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		210indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
fenitrothion
Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.		7.4220C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
tri-n-butylborane
[no description available]		2.0210
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		11.043550benzenes;
phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		2.3620chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
methylformamide
N-methylformamide : A member of the class of formamides having a N-methyl substituent.		2.0410formamides
pyrrolidine
[no description available]		2.4720azacycloalkane;
pyrrolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
1,4-dioxane
1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.		2.0110dioxane;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
non-polar solvent
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		3.8112011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
n-chlorosuccinimide
N-chlorosuccinimide : A five-membered cyclic dicarboximide compound having a chloro substituent on the nitrogen atom.		1.9710dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.8220bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.42203-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		2.8130ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
isothiuronium
Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.		1.9910
pirimicarb
pirimicarb: structure. pirimicarb : An aminopyrimidine that is N,N,4,5-tetramethylpyrimidin-2-amine substituted by a (dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy group at position 4.		2.1310aminopyrimidine;
carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		3.110aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
4-methoxyamphetamine
4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation		1.9410
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		3.38703',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		3.77110
propamocarb
propamocarb: RN given refers to parent cpd. propamocarb : A carbamate ester that is the propyl ester of 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamic acid. It is a systemic fungicide, used (normally as the hydrochloride salt) for the control of soil, root and leaf diseases caused by oomycetes, particularly Phytophthora and Pythium species.		2.0710carbamate ester;
carbamate fungicide;
tertiary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tridemorph
tridemorph: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. tridemorph : A mixture of 4-alkyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholines, where 'alkyl' is a mixture of C11 to C14 homologues of which 60-70% is tridecyl. A systemic fungicide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.. 2,6-dimethyl-4-tridecylmorpholine : A member of the class of morpholines that is 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a tridecyl group. The configuration at positions 2 and 6 is unknown or unspecified.		2.0210morpholines;
tertiary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical
alkenes
[no description available]		3.6290
calcium oxalate
Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).		1.9610organic calcium salt
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		18.691,05815glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
alovudine
[no description available]		2.0510pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
adenylyl imidodiphosphate
Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.		210adenosine 5'-phosphate
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		2.0410
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		1.9510beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
torpedo
Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.		3.150
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		10.44200inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		12.35850pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.		3.2460ADP-sugarEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		8.56108penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		2.31102-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
oxovanadium iv
oxovanadium IV: forms complexes with simple sugars		2.0110vanadium oxide
benthiocarb
Saturn: The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.		210monochlorobenzenes;
monothiocarbamic ester
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		3.0750polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
enterobactin
[no description available]		2.4120catechols;
crown compound;
macrotriolide;
polyphenol		bacterial metabolite;
siderophore
1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate
1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate: used for tagging silica-based derivatization reagents in HPLC		1.9910
pirimiphos methyl
pirimiphos methyl: structure. pirimiphos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a diethylamino group at position 2.		2.0110aminopyrimidine;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide
dimethyl suberimidate
Dimethyl Suberimidate: The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine.		1.9610
s-adenosylmethionine
acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		3.1750sulfonium betainehuman metabolite
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		7.7130azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
7-ethoxycoumarin
7-ethoxycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.		2.4620aromatic ether;
coumarins
acetylgalactosamine
Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.		3.2760N-acetyl-D-hexosamine;
N-acetylgalactosamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.		2.6730
procymidone
procymidone : An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.		210
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		1.9610penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		2.7830amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		8.91120taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		3.6390beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		3.3770peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
isopropalin
isopropalin: structure		2.0310C-nitro compound
isoproturon
isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		3.15503-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureaagrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
3-fluoroalanine
3-fluoroalanine: antibacterial agent active against gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria; generated by C-fluorination of key component of bacterial cell wall; synthesized by photofluorination of D-alanine; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		4.24180
halofantrine
halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria		2.0210phenanthrenes
iprodione
iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.		2.7130benzenes;
dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide;
imidazole fungicide;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		antifungal agrochemical;
nematicide
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		10.573101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		2.4320alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		3.78110butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
fluorescamine
Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.		2.8740
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		1.9710beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
pendimethalin
pendimethalin : A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.		2.7830C-nitro compound;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		3.2160L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
metamitron
metamitron : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, a methyl group at position 3 and a phenyl group at position 6.		2.46201,2,4-triazinesenvironmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
tricyclazole
tricyclazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. tricyclazole : A triazolobenzothiazole that is [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole which is substituted at position 5 by a methyl group. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union.		2.4320triazolobenzothiazoleantifungal agrochemical;
melanin synthesis inhibitor
bezafibrate
[no description available]		2.3920aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.7721
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		4.62805-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.0710pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
vinclozolin
vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.		2.6930dicarboximide;
dichlorobenzene;
olefinic compound;
oxazolidinone
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.730alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
hexazinone
hexazinone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.08101,3,5-triazines
deoxynivalenol
deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.		2.0710cyclic ketone;
enone;
primary alcohol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
trichothecene;
triol		mycotoxin
exifone
[no description available]		210benzophenones
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.		6.3290non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin
decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0310aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organobromine compound		agrochemical;
antifeedant;
calcium channel agonist;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		1.9710chromanol;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
1-carboxyglutamic acid
1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.		3.150
meglitinide
meglitinide: structure given in first source & in Negwer, 5th ed, #6436		2.0710
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.		2.730epoxideintercalator
phosphopantothenic acid
phosphopantothenic acid: RN given refers to (R)-isomer. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenic acid : An amidoalkyl phosphate that is the 4-phosphate derivative of (R)-pantothenic acid.		2.0710amidoalkyl phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		9.19110benzamides;
carboxylic ester
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		2.0410aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		2.4720aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
furalaxyl
furalaxyl: Industrial Fungicide; structure in first source. furalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-furalaxyl. A systemic fungicide with protective and curative properties. It is effective against damping-off and root rot diseases caused by Pythium and Phytophthora fungi which inhabit the soil and infect many ornamental flowers, shrubs and trees.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-2-furoylalaninate : An alanine derivative that is the N-furoyl derivative of methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)alaninate		2.830alanine derivative;
aromatic amide;
carboxamide;
furans;
methyl ester
metalaxyl
metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.		8.382220alanine derivative;
aromatic amide;
carboxamide;
ether;
methyl ester
elliptinium
elliptinium: synthetic ellipticine deriv; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9710carbazoles
enkephalin, methionine
Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.		3.4270
laurocapram
laurocapram: enhances percutaneous absorption of different chemicals; structure given in first source		2.7230
dihydroalprenolol
Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.		2.8840
fenarimol
fenarimol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenarimol. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the treatment of blackspot, mildew and rust in tomatoes, peppers and melons, but is not approved for use within the European Union.. (2-chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-chlorophenyl group while the other is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.		210monochlorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol
propiconazole
Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.		1.9910conazole fungicide;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
triazole fungicide;
triazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
5-hydroxymebendazole
5-hydroxymebendazole: structure in first source		1.9810
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		1.9910penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		4.4940aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		5.57171alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		1.9810cephalosporinantibacterial drug
indalpine
indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.9820indoles
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		1.9710diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
arsenobetaine
[no description available]		2.2110organic salt
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.3920cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		210diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		5.83360acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
cianopramine
[no description available]		3.0610
buserelin
Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.		1.9910oligopeptide
haloxyfop
haloxyfop: RN given refers to parent cpd. haloxyfop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of haloxyfop-P (the more active, R enantiomer) and (S)-haloxyfop (the less active enantiomer). A post-emergence herbicide used to control annual and perennial grass weeds. Commercial use of the racemate was phased out in favour of the most active enantiomer, used as the proherbicide esters haloxyfop-P-methyl and haloxyfop-P-etotyl.. 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the hydrogen at the para position of the phenyl ring has been replaced by a [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy group.		2.4110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines
fluazifop-butyl
fluazifop-butyl: RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. fluazifop-butyl : A racemate that is the butyl ester of fluazifop. It is used as a post-emergence herbicide for the control grass weeds in various broad-leaved crops.. butyl 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol.		2.0810aromatic ether;
carboxylic ester;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines
4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride
4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride: monomer used in 4-META resin; which is used as dental resin; structure given in first source; Cover-Up II is a 4-META bases bonding agent		2.0210
benalaxyl
benalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure given in first source. benalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-benalaxyl.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(phenylacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is the N-phenylacetyl derivative of methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)alaninate		4.59240alanine derivative;
aromatic amide;
carboxamide;
methyl ester
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		3.5990aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
fenoxycarb
fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.		2.1310aromatic ether;
carbamate ester		environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
juvenile hormone mimic;
xenobiotic
sulfometuron methyl
sulfometuron methyl: structure given in first source. sulfometuron methyl : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of 2-{[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl]sulfamoyl}benzoic acid.		2.3110benzoate ester;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrimidines		EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor;
herbicide
metsulfuron methyl
metsulfuron methyl : A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.		2.41201,3,5-triazines;
benzoate ester;
N-sulfonylurea		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
2-nitro-7-methoxynaphtho(2-1b)furan
2-nitro-7-methoxynaphtho(2-1b)furan: structure given in first source		1.9710
milacemide
milacemide: ampakine activity at AMPA Receptors; structure given in first source		4.330
oxadixyl
oxadixyl: structure given in first source. oxadixyl : An oxazolidinone that is N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxyacetamide in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a 2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl group. A systemic fungicide used to treat seeds of a variety of food crops, as well as lawns.		2.0110anilide fungicide;
aromatic amide;
carbohydrazide;
ether;
oxazolidinone		agrochemical
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		2.4620delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
quinpirole
Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.		2.0110pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		1.9910
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.05103-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.0410carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.4720hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
n-methyl-n-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide
N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		4.4511N-alkylpyrrolidine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		2.67303-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		3.2350aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
dopexamine
dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		4.3522catecholamine
benzo(c)phenanthrene 3,4-dihydrodiol
benzo(c)phenanthrene 3,4-dihydrodiol: RN given refers to (trans)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0410
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		1.9910naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		1.9910aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
brequinar
brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.		6.9910biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		3.3770
eticlopride
eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.0710salicylamides
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.610imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
n 0437, (-)-isomer
rotigotine: Antiparkinson Agent and dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.3510tetralins
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		2.0110aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		3.14506-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		2.0610fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		2.13101-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		6.0352methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		2.4320phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.3110organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
technetium tc 99m mertiatide
Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide: A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination.		1.9710
sipatrigine
sipatrigine: a glutamate release inhibitor which protects against focal cerebral ischemic damage		2.0110pyrimidines
atorvastatin
[no description available]		2.8430aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		12.042816monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		3.3510duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
irinotecan
[no description available]		3.1910carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		2.4420biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.4920guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.25106-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		19.8116267monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
kynostatin 272
kynostatin 272: structure given in first source; contains allophenylnorstatine as a transition-state mimic		210peptide
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		5.6350L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
xemilofiban
xemilofiban: SC-54684A was administered as the hydrochloride salt; inhibits platelet glycoprotein GPIIB IIIA receptor; structure given in first source		8.8111
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		16.33901adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
safranal
safranal: a monoterpene aldehyde; one of the main components responsible for the aroma of saffron; structure given in first source. safranal : A monoterpenoid formally derived from beta-cyclocitral by dehydrogenation.		2.4110monoterpenoid
perfluoroisobutylene
[no description available]		2.2510
allyl formate
[no description available]		6.9310
ferric citrate
ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).		2.4120iron chelateanti-anaemic agent;
nutraceutical
sodium molybdate(vi)
sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.		210inorganic sodium saltpoison
gadolinium chloride
gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone		2.0310gadolinium coordination entityTRP channel blocker
d-lactic acid
(R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.		2102-hydroxypropanoic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
nitrogen trioxide
[no description available]		2.0210nitrogen oxide
4-propionyloxy-4-phenyl-n-methylpiperidine
4-propionyloxy-4-phenyl-N-methylpiperidine: causes parkinsonism; structure in first source		1.9910
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		4.45220trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
florisil
Florisil: hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing		2.0310
dimethylhydrazines
Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.		2.3520
edda
EDDA: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethylenediaminediacetic acid : An ethylenediamine derivative in which two of the four amine protons of ethylenediamine are replaced by carboxymethyl groups.		2.0410amino dicarboxylic acid;
ethylenediamine derivative;
glycine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
chelator
cathinone
cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.		2.07102-aminopropiophenone;
monoamine alkaloid		central nervous system stimulant;
psychotropic drug
thiolactic acid
thiolactic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4220mercaptopropanoic acid
acridine orange
Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.		2.3920aminoacridines;
aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines.		2.0510one-carbon compound;
perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid
isothiocyanic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydracid;
one-carbon compound
starlicide hydrochloride
starlicide: avian toxicant registered to control starlings at cattle and poultry feed lots; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9510
potassium phosphate
potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.		1.9710inorganic phosphate salt;
inorganic potassium salt
caloreen
caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.		1.9310
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		3.4611hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		6.53262hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
carmoterol
carmoterol: CHF4226.01 and CHF4232.01 are diastereoisomers; structure in first source		3.7920
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		8.5772acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		4.3550aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		6.63191D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		5.1140
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.04102-benzofuransfluorochrome
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		2.0810pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
3-aminoisobutyric acid
3-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-aminoisobutyric acid : A beta-amino-acid that is isobutyric acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by an amino group.		3.2160amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		metabolite
cyclen
cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.0610azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		3.2960organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		2.9140pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-methylhistidine
3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.		9.7571L-histidine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'3'-didehydro-2'3'-dideoxyadenosine
2'3'-didehydro-2'3'-dideoxyadenosine: structure given in first source		1.9910
baicalin
[no description available]		2.3110dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine
[no description available]		3.5620
tsao-t
[no description available]		210
1-(2',5'-bis-o-(tert-butyldimethylsilylribofuranosyl)-3-n-methylthymine)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide)
1-(2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilylribofuranosyl)-3-N-methylthymine)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide): structure given in first source; specific against HIV-1 replication		210
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		8.63130acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
thionine
thionine: do not confuse with the thionins which is a class of polypeptides; RN above is for the chloride;. thionine : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS.		1.9310
2'-deoxyuridylic acid
2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4220deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		3.1440flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid
N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		8.68292N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-aspartic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
epsilon-dinitrophenyllysine
epsilon-dinitrophenyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer. N(6)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-L-lysine : The L-stereoisomer of N(6)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)lysine, a lysine derivative having a 2,4-dinitrophenyl substituent at the N(6)-position.		1.9610N(6)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)lysine
deoxyuridine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.4220deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
homocitrulline
L-homocitrulline : A L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine having a carbamoyl group at the N(6)-position. It is found in individuals with urea cycle disorders.		2.3920amino acid zwitterion;
L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ureas		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		2.110xanthene dyefluorochrome
4-nitrophenylalanine
4-nitrophenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.4420C-nitro compound
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.42202'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide
2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide: disulfide is an important moiety in this cpd. aldrithiol : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a pyridin-2-yldisulfanediyl group at position 2. It is a reagent used in molecular biology as an oxidizing agent. Also used in peptide synthesis and for detecting thiols.		2.4220organic disulfide;
pyridines		oxidising agent
norvaline
norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.		8.951302-aminopentanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent
leucine methyl ester
leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine.		1.9710alpha-amino acid ester;
L-leucine derivative;
methyl ester
phosphoramidic acid
phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds		4.6680phosphoric acid derivative
aica ribonucleotide
AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.		2.48201-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole		cardiovascular drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine
[no description available]		1.9910deoxyribonucleoside
kasugamycin
kasugamycin: experimental antimicrobial agent from Streptomyces kausugaensis; used in pseudomonas infections; interfers with protein synthesis in susceptible Escherichia coli. kasugamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis and exhibits antibiotic and fungicidal properties.		1.9610
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		4.15170iodine oxoacid
lissamine rhodamine b sulfonyl chloride
[no description available]		2.1310
fluorophosphate
fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110fluorine molecular entity;
phosphoric acid derivative
n-acetylserine
acetyl-L-serine : An acetyl-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is L-serine.. N-acetyl-L-serine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is L-serine. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.		2.6730acetyl-L-serine;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		human metabolite
aspartate-beta-hydroxamate
beta-aspartylhydroxamic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.0950
n,n-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
[no description available]		2.110
2',3'-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9710purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate
surfactin peptide
surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.		2.3920
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		5.07130glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid
[no description available]		1.9510
hypusine
hypusine: N-terminal amino alcohol deriv of Lys occurring in bovine brain & in the urine of children with familial hyperlysinemia; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search LYSINE/AA (75-82). hypusine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine bearing a (2R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl substituent at position N(6).		1.9810
glucose-1-phosphate
glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.		1.9910D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		4.64280cephalosporinfungal metabolite
rufigallol
rufigallol: structure given in first source		2.0110hexahydroxyanthraquinone
ecabet
ecabet: structure in first source		5.4341diterpenoid
web 2086
WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist		210organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
prulifloxacin
prulifloxacin: structure given in first source		2.2510fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		2.0510benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
methacycline
[no description available]		2101,2-diglyceride
peroxyformic acid
peroxyformic acid: structure		1.9810
chlorodifluoroacetic acid
chlorodifluoroacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0610
iridium radioisotopes
Iridium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes.		3.1450
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.011017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hexaconazole
2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexan-2-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hexyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in which the hydrogens at position 2 of the hexyl chain are replaced by hydroxy and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups.. hexaconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-hexaconazole. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the 1980s, it is not approved for use within the European Union.		2.7730dichlorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazoles		chelator
naphthalimides
Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.		2.0510
n-acetylvaline
N-acetylvaline: RN given refers to the (DL)-isomer		2.6930L-valine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid
benzeneboronic acid
[no description available]		1.9710boronic acids
thiamorpholine
thiamorpholine: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiomorpholine : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is an analogue of morpholine where the oxygen atom is replaced by sulfur.		2.0710saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
thiomorpholines
bromosuccinimide
Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).		2.6630dicarboximide;
organobromine compound;
pyrrolidinone		reagent
3-hydroxy-4'-nitro-2-naphthanilide chloroacetate
[no description available]		1.9710
1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosocarbamoylalanine estradiol-17-ester
1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosocarbamoylalanine estradiol-17-ester: RN refers to (L-Ala)-(17-beta)-isomer		2.6630
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		4.05150phenanthroline
pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine
[no description available]		2.110
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		7.845611,2,3-triazole
diazobenzenesulfonic acid
diazobenzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9710
guanidinopropionic acid
guanidinopropionic acid: alters creatine metabolism; structure. 3-guanidinopropanoic acid : A guanidine compound bearing an N-(2-carboxyethyl) substituent. It is a creatine analogue that has been found to decreases plasma glucose levels		2.0610guanidines;
zwitterion		hypoglycemic agent
triflic anhydride
triflic anhydride: structure in first source		2.0310organosulfonic anhydride
perfluorobutane sulfonate
perfluorobutanesulfonic acid: a surfactant; structure in first source. perfluorobutanesulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is butane-1-sulfonic acid in which all of the hydrogens of the butyl group have been replaced by fluorines.		2.610perfluoroalkanesulfonic acidsurfactant
azauracil
azauracil: minor descriptor (64-72); major descriptor (73-86); on line search URACIL (66-74); URACIL/AA (75-86); INDEX MEDICUS search URACIL (64-72); AZAURACIL (73-86). 6-azauracil : A 1,2,4-triazine compound having oxo-substituents at the 3- and 5-positions.		7.67301,2,4-triazines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
isocoumarins
Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.		2.4520isocoumarins
4-chromanone
[no description available]		1.9910chromones
5-hydroxyflavone
[no description available]		2.4110flavones
djenkolic acid
djenkolic acid: amino acid isolated from djenkol bean; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-djenkolic acid : A dithioacetal consisting of two molecules of L-cysteine joined via their sulfanyl groups to methylene.		2.6330dithioacetal;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		plant metabolite;
toxin
phenylacetylglycine
phenylacetylglycine : A N-acylglycine that is glycine substituted on nitrogen with a phenylacetyl group.		3.4520monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-acylglycine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydracrylic acid
3-hydroxypropionic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.68303-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
diethylmalonic acid
diethylmalonic acid: isomer of diethyl malonate which is a di-ester		1.9610
delphinidin
Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.		2.3920anthocyanidin chloride
n-acetyltyrosine
N-acetyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acetyltyrosine in which the chiral centre has L configuration.		210N-acetyltyrosine;
N-acyl-L-tyrosine		biomarker;
EC 2.1.1.4 (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite
guanidinoethane sulfonate
[no description available]		7.8740guanidines;
organosulfonic acid;
zwitterion
nebularine
nebularine: structure. nebularine : A purine ribonucleoside that is 9H-purine attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.		2.0110purine ribonucleoside;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fungal metabolite
methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate
methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate: structure		1.9610
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		2.79302-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		1.9710dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
arbekacin
arbekacin: structure given in first source. arbekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring.		210aminoglycoside;
kanamycins		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
selfotel
selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment		2.9140non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
vinyl iodide
[no description available]		2.110monohaloethene
glycine amide
glycine amide: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3320amino acid amide;
glycine derivative
ubiquinone-o
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone: from solid-cultured Antrodia camphorata; structure in first source. ubiquinone-0 : A derivative of benzoquinone carrying a 5-methyl substituent; and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. The core structure of the ubiquinone group of compounds.		2.0210ubiquinonesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
5-methylhydantoin
5-methylhydantoin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710imidazolidine-2,4-dione
glycine methyl ester
glycine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl glycinate : A glycinyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with methanol.		2.8330glycinyl estermetabolite
beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid
3-hydroxyisovaleric acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.		2.17103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline: structure in first source. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline : A member of the class of quinolines that is the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of quinoline.		1.9310quinolines
resorufin
[no description available]		1.9910phenoxazine
fructose-6-phosphate
fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.		3.5180D-fructose 6-phosphate
3-methylhistamine
3-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.0610
12-aminododecanoic acid
12-aminododecanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. 12-aminododecanoic acid : An omega-amino fatty acid that is dodecanoic acid in which one of the terminal amino hydrogens has been replaced by an amino group.		2.1310medium-chain fatty acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		bacterial metabolite
5-fluoroorotic acid
5-fluoroorotic acid: inhibits the dietary induction of serine dehydratase. 5-fluoroorotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic that is orotic acid which is substituted by fluorine at position 5. It is used in yeast molecular genetics to detect expression of the URA3 gene, which encodes orotine-5'-monophosphate dicarboxylase. A yeast with and active URA3 gene converts 5-fluoroorotic acid to fluorodeoxyuridine, which is toxic to cells.		2.0210
cyclopropylamine
cyclopropylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. cyclopropylamine : A primary aliphatic amine that consists of cyclopropane bearing a single amino substituent.		7.0210primary aliphatic aminemouse metabolite
ethanolamine o-sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510
tyrosine methyl ester
tyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is the methyl ester of L-tyrosine.		210L-tyrosyl ester;
methyl ester
stearyltrimethylammonium bromide
octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide: structure in first source		2.4420
n-acetylglutamic acid
N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.		2.730N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-glutamic acid		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillylamine
vanillylamine: inhibits microsomal enzyme function; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		7.610aralkylamino compound
D-serine
[no description available]		2.4320D-alpha-amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
D-alanine
[no description available]		2.9140alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
D-alpha-amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
D-tyrosine
[no description available]		210D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		1.9910acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
n-methylscopolamine
N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.		3.2460
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.0710cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
emopamil
emopamil: prevents renal injury after warm & cold ischemia; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source		2.0610benzenes;
organic amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
masoprocol
Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.		2.0110nordihydroguaiaretic acidantineoplastic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite
D-valine
D-valine : The D-enantiomer of valine.		2.0610D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-alpha-amino acid;
valine
phenylalanine
[no description available]		210D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		2.520conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		7.0210benzofurans
aceclofenac
[no description available]		8.8621amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenacur
fluphenacur: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210aromatic ether;
benzoylurea insecticide;
dichlorobenzene;
N-acylurea;
organofluorine compound
alafosfalin
alafosfalin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		7.09271
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		5.18111organic molecular entity
prednisolone phosphate
prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.		2.171011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glucocorticoid receptor agonist;
prodrug
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		3.0950
zidovudine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0210
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate: inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase & has potent DNA chain termination activity		210
epicatechin
(-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.4110catechin;
polyphenol		antioxidant
6-hydroxyflavone
6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source		2.4110hydroxyflavonoid
4-o-methyl-12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
[no description available]		2.0410
lycorine
lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.		2.3110indolizidine alkaloidanticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		1.9910pyranoindolizinoquinoline
mesoporphyrin ix
mesoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; mesoheme is the iron salt of mesoporphyrin IX. mesoporphyrin IX : A member of the class of mesoporphyrins obtained by formal hydrogenation of the two vinyl groups in protoporphyrin.		2.0310
alkannin
alkannin: a naphthazarin used to promote wound healing, from the plant Alkanna tinctoria; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure		2.4110hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
3-aminophenoxazone
3-aminophenoxazone: also inhibits sulfatase; structure		2.0410phenoxazine
neplanocin a
neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase		2.2510
nicosulfuron
nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.		2.5220N-sulfonylurea;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		2.0310carbapenems
fr 109615
cispentacin: structure given in first source; isolated from Bacillus cereus		1.9810
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride
5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter		1.9910
xanthosine 5'-triphosphate
xanthosine 5'-phosphate : xanthosine phosphate compounds having phosphate groups at position 5'.. 5'-xanthylic acid : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having xanthine as the nucleobase.		2.0210purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
xanthosine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calpeptin
[no description available]		1.9910amino acid amide
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid: precursor of mutagenic nitroso cpd in soy sauce; structure given in first source		1.9910harmala alkaloid
glucosaminic acid
glucosaminic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid : Hexanoic acid with four hydroxy groups at C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, and an amino group at C-2.		1.9610amino acid zwitterion;
gluconic acid derivative		bacterial metabolite
prochloraz
Mirage: a feldspathic porcelain that can be etched & bonded to the tooth. prochloraz : A member of the class of ureas that is 1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide substituted by a propyl and a 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf and vegetables.		2.0110amide fungicide;
aromatic ether;
conazole fungicide;
imidazole fungicide;
imidazoles;
trichlorobenzene;
ureas		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
thifensulfuron methyl
thifensulfuron methyl: structure in first source. thifensulfuron-methyl : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of thifensulfuron with methanol. It is used as a post-emergence herbicide for the control of grass and broad-leaved weeds.		2.01101,3,5-triazines;
methyl ester;
N-sulfonylurea;
thiophenes		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
2,2'-dipicolylamine
2,2'-dipicolylamine: structure in first source		2.0510
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		8.250carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
triphenylmethylphosphonium
triphenylmethylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9510
2-naphthylamide
naphthalene-2-carboxamide: structure in first source. naphthalene-2-carboxamide : A naphthalenecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-naphthoic acid with ammonia.		1.9410naphthalenecarboxamide
n-acetylhistidine
N-acetylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetylhistidine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.. N-acetyl-L-histidine : A histidine derivative that is L-histidine having an acetyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen.		2.0410L-histidine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acetylhistidine		animal metabolite
2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid
alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.		4.68290alanine derivative;
alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		human urinary metabolite
1-hydroxybenzotriazole
1-hydroxybenzotriazole: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710benzotriazoles
6-carboxyfluorescein
6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein		2.7230monocarboxylic acid
bendamustine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.6420
thoron (reagent)
aspan: a silicocarboxyl dental cement		2.4110
prolinal
[no description available]		1.9610pyrrolidines
monomethyl succinate
monomethyl succinate: RN given refers to parent cpd. monomethyl succinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups has been converted to its methyl ester.		1.9710dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate
n-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate
N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate: reagent for rapid modification of carboxyl groups in proteins; structure		1.9710
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer
[no description available]		210
ribose-5-phosphate
ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		210D-ribose 5-phosphate
rivastigmine
[no description available]		2.0810carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		2.4420aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
5-hydroxymethyluracil
[no description available]		2.0110primary alcohol;
pyrimidone		human metabolite
boc-glycine
BOC-glycine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.2110
alpha-acetolactate
alpha-acetolactate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.4220
pyruvamide
[no description available]		210
alanylglycine
alanylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.8740
lotrafiban
[no description available]		2.0110
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid: structure in first source. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid : A member of the class of furoic acids that is 2-furoic acid substituted at position 5 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0310aromatic primary alcohol;
furoic acid		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
nematicide
3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol
Geranium: A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. Geranium is also used as a common name for PELARGONIUM.		2.0510
ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate
ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate: RN given refers to monomer		2.0310
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for glutaminase B.; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.420
acetylglycyl-n-methylamide
acetylglycyl-N-methylamide: structure given in first source		1.9810
alanine methyl ester
alanine methyl ester: RN refers to (L-Ala)-isomer		3.6790
hypobromous acid
[no description available]		2.2110bromine oxoacid
biocytin
biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine.		2.0110azabicycloalkane;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-lysine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thiabicycloalkane;
ureas		mouse metabolite
d-aspartic acid
[no description available]		10.37100aspartic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid		mouse metabolite
acetaminophen glucuronide
acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).		1.9610beta-D-glucosiduronic aciddrug metabolite
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		6.3776macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol
3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol: structure in first source		2.0210
bromates
Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.		2.2110bromine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
epidepride
epidepride: structure given in first source		1.9810dimethoxybenzene
tebuconazole
Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.		3.0740monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary alcohol;
triazoles
metconazole
metconazole : A member of the class of cyclopentanols carrying 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl and 4-chlorobenzyl and geminal dimethyl substituents at positions 1, 2 and 5 respectively. Used to control a range of fungal infections including alternaria, rusts, fusarium and septoria diseases.		2.3110conazole fungicide;
cyclopentanols;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole fungicide;
triazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
cp094
1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one: structure given in first source		1.9810
fludioxonil
fludioxonil: structure in first source. fludioxonil : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole substituted at position 4 by a 3-cyanopyrrol-4-yl group. A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.		3.7490benzodioxoles;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
pyrroles		androgen antagonist;
antifungal agrochemical;
estrogen receptor agonist
s-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate
S-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate: induces system acquired resistance in wheat; structure in first source. acibenzolar-S-methyl : A benzothiadiazole that is the S-methyl thioester derivative of acibenzolar. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thioester group to give the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as a fungicide and plant activator on a variety of crops, including cotton, chili peppers, lettuce, onions, spinach, tobacco, and tomatoes.		2.2110benzothiadiazole;
thioester		antifungal agrochemical;
plant activator;
profungicide
n-benzylglycine
[no description available]		7.0210
5-bromoindoxyl acetate
5-bromoindoxyl acetate: substrate for non-specific esterase		1.9710
coenzyme a
[no description available]		7.37640adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro(4,5)decane-1,3-dione
2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro(4,5)decane-1,3-dione: RN given refers to parent cpd		4.4511
n-acetylalanine
N-acetylalanine: immunodominant determinant of acidic surface antigen from culture filtrate of human strain of Staph aureus. N-acetyl-L-alanine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an acetyl group.		4.44220L-alanine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Trp-Trp
tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.		2.1710dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
n-acetyltyrosine, (dl)-isomer
N-acetyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyltyrosine : An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.		1.9710N-acetyl-amino acid;
phenols;
tyrosine derivative		human urinary metabolite
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		3.11503-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		2.0310
1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid
1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0510L-alpha-amino acid
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		7.33602iditolfungal metabolite
2-thienylalanine
2-thienylalanine: potent inhibitor of phenylalanine absorption in intestine which promotes its excretion by the kidney; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search ALANINE/AA (75-85); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		5.84320
beta-thujone
[no description available]		2.0310beta-thujone
6-phosphogluconic acid
gluconic acid-6-phosphate: structure. 6-phospho-D-gluconate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.. 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.		2.3820gluconic acid phosphatefundamental metabolite
galaxolide
galaxolide: musk fragrance; structure given in first source. galaxolide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 6, 7, 8 and 8 respectively. It is a synthetic musk used as a fragrance in cosmetics.		2.3110isochromenes;
organic heterotricyclic compound		fragrance
goethite
[no description available]		7.7830
cytidylyl-3',5'-adenosine
cytidylyl adenosine: CPA removed as SY because it is also used as an abbreviation for N6-cyclopentyladenosine, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, and cyclopiazonic acid		1.9710nucleoside analogue;
purines
acid green 50
[no description available]		4.3711
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.		2.9340catechols;
tetrol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol
3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol: RN from CHEMID		1.9910glycol;
secondary amine
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		7.44381amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0610nucleoside triphosphate analogue
methylglucoside
[no description available]		4140
1,5-i-aedans
1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups.		2.3920aminonaphthalenesulfonic acidfluorescent probe
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.		1.99103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		protein kinase agonist
hydroxyflutamide
[no description available]		1.9810
pyrimethanil
pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine.		2.0510aminopyrimidine;
anilinopyrimidine fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
penconazole
penconazole: structure given in first source. penconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the classof triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl group.		3.6490dichlorobenzene;
triazoles
dimethenamid
dimethenamid: structure in first source. dimethenamid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dimethenamid. A herbicide, it is applied to the soil for the control of various broad-leaved weeds and grasses. Only the S enantiomer (generally known as dimethenamid-P) is active.. 2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a 2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl and a 1-methoxypropan-2-yl group at the nitrogen atom.		3.110aromatic amide;
ether;
organochlorine compound;
thiophenes
fosthiazate
fosthiazate: structure in first source		2.0510organic phosphonate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
3-fluorotyrosine
3-fluorotyrosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9910fluoroamino acid;
fluorophenol;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative
1-methylhistidine
1-methylhistidine: found in muscle proteins; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 1-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-1.. N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative in which the methyl group is at N(tele)-position.		6.9310L-histidine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite
succinyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		1.9710omega-carboxyacyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
acetoacetyl coa
[no description available]		2.01103-oxo-fatty acyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triazolealanine
triazolealanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triazolealanine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl group.		3.3570non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
triazoles
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.37207-aminocoumarinsfluorochrome
phenylacetylglutamine
N(2)-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine : An a N(2)-phenylacetylglutamine having L-configuration.		1.9610N(2)-phenylacetylglutaminehuman metabolite
2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid
2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid: inhibits iron-containing nitrile hydratases		2.4220
n-(3-pyrene)maleimide
N-(3-pyrene)maleimide: structure in first source		2.9340
tarenflurbil
tarenflurbil: R-enantiomer of flurbiprofen but not a COX inhibitor; modulates NF-kB, gamma-secretase, amyloid beta-protein;		5.5850flurbiprofen
n-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)nipecotic acid
N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)nipecotic acid: structure given in first source		1.9910diarylmethane
mci 9038
[no description available]		2.4120peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		17.531114amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
orotidine
orotidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orotidine : A nucleoside formed by attaching orotic acid to a ribose ring via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond.		2.420nucleoside;
pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid;
uridines		bacterial metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
plant metabolite
propionyl-coenzyme a
propionyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610acyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone
5-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma PROGESTERONE. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (ALLOPREGNANOLONE), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) RECEPTOR.. 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione : A C21-steroid hormone that is 5alpha-pregnane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a metabolite of progestrone.		2.071020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
C21-steroid hormone		human metabolite;
progestogen
glycyltyrosine
Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.		4.3222dipeptidemetabolite
5-methyltryptophan
5-methyltryptophan: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 5-methyltryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a methyl group at position 5 of the indole ring.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tryptophan derivative
histidine methyl ester
histidine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. histidine methyl ester : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of histidine.		2.0710histidine derivative
arginine methyl ester
arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.520alpha-amino acid ester
4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside
4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside: RN given refers to (alpha)-anomer; see also (beta)-anomers: 29857-05-4, 2492-87-7; cpd with unspecified anomer: 5779-46-4. 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside : An alpha-D-glucoside that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.		2.110alpha-D-glucoside;
C-nitro compound;
monosaccharide derivative		chromogenic compound
droxidopa
Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension		210catechols;
L-tyrosine derivative		antihypertensive agent;
prodrug;
vasoconstrictor agent
glutamic acid dimethyl ester
glutamic acid dimethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		7.0810glutamic acid derivative
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		9.812210
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		8.4980dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, (r)-isomer
l-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source. L-thioproline : An optically active version of thioproline having L-configuration.. thioproline : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is proline in which the methylene group at position 4 is replaced by a sulfur atom.		2.0610thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid;
thioproline		geroprotector;
metabolite
4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxhydrazide
[no description available]		1.9710
beta-hydroxyphenylalanine
beta-hydroxyphenylalanine: RN given refers to beta cpd		1.9310
arabitol
arabitol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. arabinitol : A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.. D-arabinitol : The D-enantiomer of arabinitol.		2.1710arabinitol
erythrose
D-erythrose : The D-enantiomer of erythrose.		2.4420erythroseplant metabolite
3-hydroxydodecanoic acid
3-hydroxydodecanoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxylauric acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 3-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid; associated with fatty acid metabolic disorders.		2.25103-hydroxy fatty acid;
medium-chain fatty acid
leucylleucine
leucylleucine: RN given refers to (DL-Leu-DL-Leu)-isomer		2.4120peptide
pyrimidine dimers
Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.		2.420
2,6-diamino-9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)purine
2,6-diamino-9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)purine: adenosine deaminase converts above cpd to acylovir		2.2510
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		3.1250D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
isovaline
isovaline: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer		8.1450
1-phenazinecarboxylic acid
1-phenazinecarboxylic acid: from Streptomyces cinnamonensis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. phenazine-1-carboxylic acid : An aromatic carboxylic acid that is phenazine substituted at C-1 with a carboxy group.		2.1510aromatic carboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenazines		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
[no description available]		2.5920aromatic ether;
organobromine compound
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine
[no description available]		5.86231
imidazoleacetic acid
imidazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without specific location of acetic acid attachment identified; structure. imidazol-5-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.. imidazol-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.		1.9510imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allenolic acid
allenolic acid: structure in first source		2.0510naphthols
2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde
2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde: used in colorimetric determination of cholesterol; RN from CA Form Index Vol 90; N1 same as NM		2.4220
6-amino-7-chloro-5,8-dioxoquinoline
6-amino-7-chloro-5,8-dioxoquinoline: quinone structure important in this cpd; structure		1.9510
alanylphenylalanine
alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer		2.4420dipeptidemetabolite
prolyl-glycyl-glycine
prolyl-glycyl-glycine: structure given in first source		210oligopeptide
o-methyltyrosine
O-methyltyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. O-methyltyrosine : A tyrosine derivative that is tyrosine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring is substituted by a methoxy group.		2.0110monomethoxybenzene;
tyrosine derivative
benzoylphenylalanine
N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine : An N-acyl-L-phenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group.		2.92402-(benzoylamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine
1,3,4-oxadiazole
1,3,4-oxadiazole: structure in first source		7.1510
4-methylhippuric acid
4-methylhippuric acid: urinary metabolite of p-xylene. p-methylhippuric acid : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as 4-methylbenzoyl.		2.0110N-acylglycinemetabolite
s-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione : A glutathione conjugate in which the thiol hydrogen of glutathione has been replaced by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group.		3.0910glutathione conjugate
1-(aminoethyl)phosphonic acid
1-(aminoethyl)phosphonic acid: structure given in first source		2.3820phosphonoacetic acid
3,4-dehydroproline
3,4-dehydroproline: RN given refers to cpd without stereoisomeric designation		2.6630
alanine-beta-naphthylamide
alanine-beta-naphthylamide: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer		3.5990
n-acetyldehydroalanine methyl ester
N-acetyldehydroalanine methyl ester: modifies amino & sulfhydryl groups in amino acids & proteins; structure		2.0210
4-hydroxyantipyrine
4-hydroxyantipyrine: metabolite of antipyrine; structure in third source		1.9610pyrazoles;
ring assembly
2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate
2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosylisothiocyanate: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.5220
poly-o-acetylserine
O-acetylserine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. O-acetyl-L-serine : An acetyl-L-serine where the acetyl group is attached to the side-chain oxygen. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the amino acid cysteine in bacteria.		4.1850acetate ester;
acetyl-L-serine;
amino acid zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
s-2-aminoethyl cysteine
S-2-aminoethyl cysteine: inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. L-thialysine : A cysteine derivative that is the S-(2-aminoethyl) analogue of L-cysteine; reported to have cytotoxic effects.		3.0850L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 5.4.3.2 (lysine 2,3-aminomutase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)-
enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic enkephalin analog;		1.9610
2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine
2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine: inhibitor of 5-fluorouracil degradation		2.3820
pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		1.9810pyrrolecarboxylic acidmetabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
gostatin
gostatin: amino acid produced by Streptomyces sumanensis; time-dependent inhibitor of aspartate transaminase; structure given in first source		1.9610
n-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)leucine
N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)leucine: RN given for (L)-Leu-isomer		1.9610
histidinoalanine
histidinoalanine: cross-linking amino acid in calcified tissue collagen; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		8.5120dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.3110
3'-uridylic acid
3'-uridylic acid: structure in first source; main heading URIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE refers to 5'-uridylic acid. 3'-UMP : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		2.420pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate;
uridine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite
cinchonidine
cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.		2.0110(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol;
cinchona alkaloid		metabolite
nandrolone acetate
nandrolone acetate: causes chemical modification of delta(5)-3-ketoisomerase during its 3-oxo-4-estren-17 beta-yl acetate-dependent photoinactivation; RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer		1.9510
uridine monophosphate-uridine
uridine monophosphate-uridine: dinucleoside monophosphate		2.0310nucleobase-containing molecular entity
glycylleucine
glycylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9610
leucine-beta-naphthylamide
leucine-beta-naphthylamide: aminopeptidase substrate. L-leucine 2-naphthylamide : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-leucine with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.		1.9710amino acid amide;
L-leucine derivative;
N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide		chromogenic compound
2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid
2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid: structure in first source		2.4120
lanthionine
lanthionine: a thioether analogue of cystine; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS). lanthionine : An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage.		12.711871alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		bacterial metabolite
ethyl-3-(n-n-butyl-n-acetyl)aminopropionate
ethyl-3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetyl)aminopropionate: an insect repellent; structure in first source		1.9710acetamides;
ethyl ester;
tertiary carboxamide
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		5.08440cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.		1.9410aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite
3,4,8-trimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxalin-2-amine
3,4,8-trimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxalin-2-amine: structure given in first source		2.3720quinoxaline derivative
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
hydrogen sulfite
[no description available]		2.0510sulfur oxoanionhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source		2.730polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
tritium oxide
[no description available]		1.9710tritiated compound;
water
yttrium radioisotopes
Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.		2.6630
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.0210imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer		5.3540
chlorates
Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.		2.3820chlorine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)-
Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.		2.9340heterodetic cyclic peptidedelta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		210aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system		4.03140oligopeptide
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O)		2.1110calcium salt;
hydrate
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		3.81120
1,4-dihydropyridine
[no description available]		3.150
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		3.0950beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
alphaxalone
alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure		1.9810corticosteroid hormone
sr141716
[no description available]		210amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		210glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
diacetyldichlorofluorescein
diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein		2.0710
cp 96345
CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345		210
sr 48968
SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968		7.4120
paxilline
paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.		2.4220diterpene alkaloid;
enone;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
terpenoid indole alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		anticonvulsant;
Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
fructose 2,6-diphosphate
fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		3.4620D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		3.5590
(3h)2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane
(1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer		3.2760
pregnenolone sulfate
pregnenolone sulfate: RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer		7.4820steroid sulfateEC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine
beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine: glutamate agonist. L-BMAA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam.		8.4980diamino acid;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		bacterial metabolite;
neurotoxin
quin2-acetoxymethyl ester
Quin2-acetoxymethyl ester: structure given in first source		1.9610
((18)O)water
((18)O)water : A form of water consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen-18 atom.. oxygen-18 atom : The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance.		2.1310isotopically modified compound;
water
valylvaline
valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues.		2.420dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
thiamethoxam
Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.		3.53701,3-thiazoles;
2-nitroguanidine derivative;
organochlorine compound;
oxadiazane		antifeedant;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
xenobiotic
fluorocitrate
fluorocitrate: competitve inhibitor of aconitase; effects morphology of kidney tubules in fluorocitrate poisoning; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		7.3820carbonyl compound
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source		2.39201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist		2.0310
cgp 35348
CGP 35348: antagonizes both GABA-A and GABA-B receptors		210
1,1'-ethylidene bis(tryptophan)
1,1'-ethylidene bis(tryptophan): may be associated with eosinophilla-myalgia syndrome; structure given in first source		4.3460
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		1.9910N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
prodan
prodan: do not confuse with prodan in Chemline, RN 16893-85-9 which is disodium hexafluorosilicate		2.43202-acyl-6-dimethylaminonaphthalene
inositol 1-phosphate
1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.		1.9810
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		3.4920N-acyl-amino acid
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol
[no description available]		3.150
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets		2.7130
hypotaurine
[no description available]		8.99140aminosulfinic acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
procyanidin
Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.		2.4620proanthocyanidin
sr 95531
[no description available]		2.4620methoxybenzenes
dityrosine
dityrosine: o,o'-biphenol analog of tyrosine; isolated from insoluble protein of human cataractous lenses; structure. dityrosine : A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings.		2.730biphenyls;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		biomarker
epicatechin gallate
epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.		2.0510catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate
(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for bromide; used in dopamine analysis		3.1150
solenopsin a
Solenopsin A: structure		2.0710
fingolimod hydrochloride
Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).		3.4110hydrochlorideimmunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
dihydrocapsaicin
[no description available]		1.9910capsaicinoid
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine: a potent agonst of metabotropic glutamate receptors		2.9140alpha-amino acid
n-chlorotaurine
N-chlorotaurine: inhibits both inducible nitric oxide synthase and IkappaB kinase		2.0510
3-(phenylamino)alanine
3-(phenylamino)alanine: structure given in second source		5.64240
alpha-methylphenylalanine
alpha-methylphenylalanine: induces chronic hyperphenylalaninemia in suckling rats; models for the study of inborn errors of metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		210benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate
[no description available]		1.9810deoxyaldohexose phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
dynorphin (1-8)
dynorphin (1-8): opioid octapeptide from porcine hypothalamus; comprises the N-terminal eight residues of dynorphin		2.3820
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		4.33602-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
sr 140333
SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist		2.4220
octopine
D-octopine : The (1R)-1-carboxyethyl derivative of L-arginine. It is a metabolite released by plant tumours.		7.3720amino acid opine;
amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-arginine derivative;
guanidines;
secondary amino compound		animal metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
exp3174
losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.		2.4420biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound		metabolite
ci 988
PD 134308: selective cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist; inhibits growth of LoVo, a human colon cancer cell line; structure given in first source		2.4120
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		6.18260
prolinamide
prolinamide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-prolinamide : The carboxamide derivative of L-proline.		2.0610amino acid amide;
L-proline derivative;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide
leucinol
leucinol: RN given for (L)-isomer		1.9310
anserine
Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.		4.5580beta-alanine derivative;
dipeptide;
zwitterion		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
neoeriocitrin
neoeriocitrin: protects against autophagy-inhibiting effects of okadaic acid; isolated from Drynariae rhizome; structure in first source. neoeriocitrin : A flavanone glycoside that is eriodictyol substituted by a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.41104'-hydroxyflavanones;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
neohesperidoside;
trihydroxyflavanone		plant metabolite
1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol
RV 538: noninactivating inhibitor of ceramide-UDPG glucosyltransferase; RN given for unspecified HCl; structure given in first source		1.9910
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		5.26540short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
selenomethylselenocysteine
selenomethylselenocysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0610non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
selenocysteines		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite
oxymatrine
oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source		2.4110alkaloid;
tertiary amine oxide
dodecyl-beta-d-maltoside
dodecyl beta-D-maltoside : A glycoside resulting from attachment of a dodecyl group to the reducing-end anomeric centre of a beta-maltose molecule.		2.0210disaccharide derivative;
glycoside		detergent
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide
[no description available]		2.0110
alpha-hydroxymetoprolol
alpha-hydroxymetoprolol: pharmacologically active urinary metoprolol metabolite 5 to 10X less potent than metoprolol; cpd is alpha-hydroxymetoprolol; structure in first source		1.9610aromatic ether
2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine
[no description available]		2.420
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine: cyclic methadone metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinamic acid
[no description available]		2.0110
dihydro-dids
[no description available]		1.9610
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone: do not confuse with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl or with Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl, both sometimes also referred to as PPACK		2.0110
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate
3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source		2.7230purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane
1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane: GABA(A) receptor ligand for autoradiography		1.9810
panipenem-betamipron
panipenem-betamipron: useful perenteral antibiotic against respiratory tract infections; structure given in first source		1.9810
4'-phosphopantetheine
D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate : Pantetheine 4'-phosphate with D (R) configuration at the 2' position.		3.0950pantetheine 4'-phosphateprosthetic group
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation		4.12160monoterpenoid
gamma-glutamyl dopa
[no description available]		210
cp 65,526
azidoprazosin: labeled with 125I		210
chymosin
Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.		3.9840
prunasin
prunasin: cyanogenic glycoside; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		710prunasin
3-mercaptopicolinic acid
3-mercaptopicolinic acid: gluconeogenesis inhibitor; may also inhibit ATP-dependentphosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase		2.8840
nitrobenzylthioinosine 5'-monophosphate
nitrobenzylthioinosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus RNA synthesis		2.0110
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde : A phenylacetaldehyde in which the 3 and 4 positions of the phenyl group are substituted by hydroxy groups.		2.0510alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde;
catechols;
phenylacetaldehydes		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
morphiceptin
morphiceptin: synthetic tetrapeptide with morphinelike activities, highly specific for morphine receptors, but not for enkephalin receptors; is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta casein; deproceptin is the D-Pro(4)-isomer; see also related heptapeptide beta-casomorphin; RN given refers to parent cpd(L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-Phe-L-Pro)-isomer		2.0210oligopeptide
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		4.7300fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.		2.4320phosphine derivative;
tricarboxylic acid		reducing agent
4,5-dioxovaleric acid
4,5-dioxopentanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid consisting of a valeric acid core with the two oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions.		3.2260dioxo monocarboxylic acid
1-hydroxyethyl radical
ethoxide : An organic anion that is the conjugate base of ethanol.		2.0110organic anionhuman metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
s-lactoylglutathione
[no description available]		2.2110
viroisin
viroisin: virotoxin from Amanita virosa; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer; see also related record for virotoxins		210
ru 39411
RU 39411: inhibits tamoxifen-stimulated growth of an MCF-7 tumor variant; structure given in first source		2.0110
n-iodosuccinimide
[no description available]		2.0510dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone
sr 46349b
SR 46349B: potent & selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		210
293b cpd
6-cyano-4-(N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane: RN given for (trans-(+-))-isomer		2.03101-benzopyran
ips 339
IPS 339: RN refers to mono-HCl without isomeric designation; structure		210
calpain inhibitor 2
calpain inhibitor 2: inhibits degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and some other cysteine proteinases		2.3110peptide
alliin
alliin: nutritional supplement in diet; possible therapeutic use in anemia and splenic hypertrophy; structure. alliin : An L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by an (S)-allylsulfinyl group.		2.3720alpha-amino acid
8-azidoadenosine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0110
thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate
[no description available]		1.9710
methylthio-adp
[no description available]		2.4620
5-fluorodihydrouracil
5-fluorodihydrouracil: metabolite of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810pyrimidone
isoleucyl-prolyl-arginine-4-nitroanilide
isoleucyl-prolyl-arginine-4-nitroanilide: chromogenic substrate for tissue plasminogen activator; RN given refers to D-Ile-L-Pro-L-Arg-isomer		1.9810
pd 81723
PD 81723: adenosine binding enhancer; structure given in first source		2.4420
fluorescein 5-maleimide
[no description available]		2.4320
beta-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)alanine
beta-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)alanine: from Streptomyces; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer		11.31290
zoxamide
zoxamide: no further info available 4/02. zoxamide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-zoxamide. A fungicide used for the control of various fungal infections including blight in potatoes and tomatoes.. 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-chloro-3-methyl-2-oxopentan-3-yl)-4-methylbenzamide : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzamide with the amino group of 3-amino-1-chloro-3-methylpentan-2-one.		2.4420alpha-chloroketone;
benzamides;
dichlorobenzene
7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole
[no description available]		2.0210
a 82846a
[no description available]		2.7430
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetate
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate: RN refers to Na salt		2.1110
luzindole
luzindole: melatonin receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. luzindole : A member of the class of indoles that is tryptamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group while the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a benzyl group.		2.0210acetamides;
indoles		melatonin receptor antagonist
flavin semiquinone
flavin semiquinone: chromophore found in methanol oxidase		2.0210
tryptophan methyl ester
tryptophan methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL)-isomer		2.6530
2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-biphosphate
[no description available]		1.9610ribonic acid phosphate
magnesium pyrophosphate
magnesium pyrophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd (2:1)		2.420
muristerone a
muristerone A: a phytoecdysteroid		2.4120
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide: dermorphin analog		2.0210
2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole-1-norleucine
2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole-1-norleucine: formed by Maillard recaction of bovine serum albumin with glucose; RN refers to (S)-isomer. 1-(L-norleucin-6-yl)pyrraline : An N-substituted pyrraline formed via Maillard reaction of L-lysine with glucose.. pyrraline : A pyrrole having formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 respectively; useful as indicator of advanced stages of the Maillard reaction, which produces advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).		2.4620L-lysine derivative;
N-substituted pyrraline;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide: carboxyl modifying agent		210
erythrose 4-phosphate
erythrose 4-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,R*))-isomer. D-erythrose 4-phosphate : An erythrose phosphate that is D-erythrose carrying a phosphate group at position 4. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and Calvin cycle.		210erythrose phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
o-carbamylserine
O-carbamylserine: RN given refers to (D)-iosmer		2.3420
procyanidin b2
procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.		2.610biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavan;
polyphenol;
proanthocyanidin		antioxidant;
metabolite
carbene
carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).		2.6730carbene;
methanediyl
phosphoramide
phosphoramide: RN given refers to triamide. phosphoramide : A compound in which one or more of the OH groups of phosphoric acid have been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group. The term is commonly confined to the phosphoric triamides, P(=O)(NR2)3, since replacement of one or two OH groups produces phosphoramidic acids: P(=O)(OH)(NR2)2 , P(=O)(OH)2(NR2).		2.0110
hydronium ion
[no description available]		1.9910onium cation;
oxygen hydride
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		2.4320nitrogen oxoacid
1,3-indandione
1,2-indanedione: use for detection of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces; structure in first source		2.1110
cyclopropanol
[no description available]		2.0710aliphatic alcohol;
cyclopropanes
fullerene c60
Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.		3.1750fullerenegeroprotector
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		4.460methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tazobactam
Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.		2.4220penicillanic acids;
triazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		3.8421aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
2-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9910
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate : A ribulose phosphate that is D-ribulose attached to phosphate groups at positions 1 and 5. It is an intermediate in photosynthesis.		2.1510ribulose phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
cholecystokinin (27-33)
[no description available]		1.9610
3,5-diiodothyronine
3,5-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9910organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
glycyl-prolyl-arginyl-proline
glycyl-prolyl-arginyl-proline: synthetic peptide which prevents polymerization of fibrin molecules; a fibrin A-knob mimetic		2.0710
cdp ethanolamine
[no description available]		1.9810nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphoethanolamine		mouse metabolite
sq 28603
SQ 28603: a selective neutral endopeptidase inhibitor		10.94340
3-iodo-alpha-methyltyrosine
3-iodo-alpha-methyltyrosine: used for SPECT imaging of brain tumors; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without stereoisomeric designation		210
3'-o-(n-methylanthraniloyl) atp
[no description available]		2.0110
deltorphin ii, ala(2)-
deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors		2.0310
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine
N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.		2.1710L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antigen
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)-
Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.		3.0640amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin		vasodilator agent
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)-
angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist		2.0810organic molecular entity
n,n-dimethylarginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.		2.110dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine
N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine: fluorescent probe for membrane lipids		2.0110
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate: structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine, also of carnitine; antianginal compound; MET-88 is dihydrate; structure given in first source. meldonium : An ammonium betaine that is beta-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a trimethylamino group. A clinically used cardioprotective drug that is used for treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis and diabetes.		1.9710ammonium betainecardioprotective agent;
EC 1.14.11.1 (gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
6-hydroxydopa quinone
6-hydroxydopa quinone: structure given in first source; quinoid cofactor of quinoproteins; RN given refers to the 4-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo- tautomer. L-topaquinone : A topaquinone that has S configuration.		2.4120
glycerophosphoethanolamine
glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine: a membrane lipid degradation product		2.5220phosphoethanolamine;
sn-glycerol 3-phosphates
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.		4.18170dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule
hydroxycitric acid
hydroxycitric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.3720carbonyl compound
phosphohistidine
phosphohistidine: RN given refers to N-phosphono-L-histidine		3.1350
glycylglutamine
glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.730dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite;
protective agent
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.0210diarylmethane
alanylglutamine
alanylglutamine: RN refers to (L-Glu)-isomer; dipeptiven is for parenteral use. Ala-Gln : A dipeptide formed from L-alanyl and L-glutamine residues.		8.74185dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
3-hydroxymethylantipyrine
3-hydroxymethylantipyrine : A pyrazolone that is antipyrine in which one of the hydrogens of the 5-methyl group is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group. It is a metabolite of the analgesic drug, antipyrene.		1.9610pyrazolonedrug metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		2.420dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
dehydroalanine
2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3.		8.7518102,3-dehydroamino acid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
enamine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		alkylating agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
coenzyme f420
coenzyme gamma-F420-2 : The amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.		1.9710
ferric bleomycin
iron bleomycin: iron-bleomycin complexes		1.9610
2',6'-dimethyltyrosine
2',6'-dimethyltyrosine: structure given in first source		2.4220
1-ethoxymethyl-5-fluorouracil
[no description available]		2.3820
phosphocyclocreatine
phosphocyclocreatine: structure		1.9710
solutol hs 15
Solutol HS 15: multidrug resistance modification agent in tumor cells; polyoxyethylene esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid; previous RN 105109-85-1		2.1510aliphatic alcohol
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol		3.5280
benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanylarginine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide
benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanylarginine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide: substrate for measurement of human prekallikrein		1.9910
2-amino-3-(3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid
2-amino-3-(3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid: glutamate receptor antagonist; protects against kainic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebral cortex neurons		1.9910
anthglutin
anthglutin: reversible inhibitor of glutamyl transspeptidase; structure		6.9710
n(2),n(6)-dimethyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium
N(2),N(6)-dimethyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in second source		1.9710
n-acetylmethionine alpha-naphthyl ester
N-acetylmethionine alpha-naphthyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9710
ectoine
[no description available]		2.72301,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
monocarboxylic acid;
zwitterion		osmolyte
n(alpha)-tosyl-(3-amidinophenyl)alanine piperidide
N(alpha)-(4-toluenesulfonyl)-3-amidinophenylalanylpiperidine: binds to thrombin & trypsin; structure given in first source		1.9810
(tetrazol-5-yl)glycine
(tetrazol-5-yl)glycine: potent NMDA receptor agonist; structure given in first source		210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone: irreversible inhibitor of mammalian glandular kallikreins; do not confuse with PPACK (Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2-Cl) or with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl		210
lvv-hemorphin-7
LVV-hemorphin-7: a morphinomimetic peptide; amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebrovascular bleedings		2.0110
5-fluorowillardiine
5-fluorowillardiine: a glutamate agonist; RN given for (S)-isomer. 3-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : An alanine derivative that is L-alanine bearing a 5-fluorouracil-1-yl substituent at position 3. A more potent and selective AMPA receptor agonist (at hGluR1 and hGluR2) than AMPA itself (Ki = 14.7, 25.1, and 1820 nM for hGluR1, hGluR2 and hGluR5 respectively).		4.41210L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organofluorine compound		AMPA receptor agonist
gyki 53655
GYKI 53655: an AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate) receptor antagonist		2.9540
3-(2-(4-azidobenzamidino)ethyl)-5-hydroxyindole
3-(2-(4-azidobenzamidino)ethyl)-5-hydroxyindole: structure given in first source		1.9610
methotrexate
[no description available]		5.24160dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
estrone-3-o-sulfamate
estrone-3-O-sulfamate: a steroid sulfatase inhibitor		210
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0210
(3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine
(3-nitrobenzoyl)alanine: inhibits kynurenine hydroxylase; structure in first source		3.7100
2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid
2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid: RN refers to (R-)-isomer; structure in first source; AMPA receptor antagonist		2.940
valanimycin
valanimycin: from a streptomycete; structure given in first source. valanimycin : An azoxy compound that is acrylic acid in which the olefinic hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by an isobutyl-ONN-azoxy group.		1.9610
3-methyl-4',6-dihydroxy-3',5'-dibromoflavone
3-methyl-4',6-dihydroxy-3',5'-dibromoflavone: structure given in first source		1.9810
lysyllysine
lysyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer. Lys-Lys : A dipeptide formed from two L-lysine residues.		2.4320dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
alanylglutamic acid
alanylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide consisting of L-glutamic acid having an L-alanyl attached to its alpha-amino group		2.6730dipeptide
3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl
3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl: protecting group used in peptide synthesis; RN given refers to chloride		1.9810
2-azido-3-iodo-7,8-dibromodibenzo-1,4-dioxin
[no description available]		2.0210
l 345
L 345: RN & structure given in first source		1.9810
n-acetylphenelzine
[no description available]		1.9710benzenes
ad 5
AD 5: free radical scavenger		3.0550
sulbactam
[no description available]		210penicillanic acids
nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-n-oxide
[no description available]		210
3-pyridylalanine
[no description available]		3.85120
umifenovir
umifenovir: an antiviral agent		10.95250indolyl carboxylic acid
n'-acetyl-beta-lysine
N'-acetyl-beta-lysine: structure given in first source; an osmolyte produced by Methanogenium cariaci in the absence of betaine		2.0510
safinamide
safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source		17.2213025amino acid amide
thrombin receptor peptide sfllrnp
thrombin receptor peptide SFLLRNP: a synthetic peptide that induces early events of T cell activation and synergizes with TCR cross-linking for CD69 expression & interleukin-2 production; thrombin receptor agonist; do not confuse with TRAP peptide		2.0110
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		2.4320amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: affinity label of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver dehydrogenase; adenosylhomocysteinase antagonist; structure		2.0110
(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl)methanethiosulfonate
(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl)methanethiosulfonate: thiol-specific spin label; structure given in first source. (1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl)methanethiosulfonate : An aminooxyl that is pyrroline substituted by an oxidanediyl group at position 1, by methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 5 and 5, and by a [(methylsulfonyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3. It is a highly reactive thiol-specific spin label.		1.9910aminoxyls;
pyrroline;
thiosulfonate ester		spin label
4-hydroxy-equilenin
4-hydroxy-equilenin: structure given in first source; is the major catechol metabolite of the equine estrogens EQUILENIN and EQUILIN; induces DNA damage		2.0210
1-(4-bromoacetamidobenzyl)edta
1-(4-bromoacetamidobenzyl)EDTA: bifunctional chelating agent. (S)-1-(4-bromoacetamidobenzyl)EDTA : A tetracarboxylic acid consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid having a 4-bromoacetamidobenzyl group at the C1-position and (S)-configuration.		2.0310tetracarboxylic acidchelator
leucinal
leucinal: RN given refers to (S)-isomer		1.9610
8-chloroadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate
8-chloroadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate: inhibits growth of human cancer cells; the Rp-isomer is more potent than the Sp-isomer; RN given refers to the (S)- isomer		2.4320
carbapenems
[no description available]		4.6361
butoxamine
Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS.		2.9410
4-iodophenylalanine
4-iodophenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-iodophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying an iodo group at position 4 on the benzene ring.		2104-iodophenylalanine
aspartame
[no description available]		10.0152carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		10.59290D-xylose
cd 437
CD 437: selective for retinoic acid receptors gamma. CD437 : A naphthoic acid that is 6-phenylnaphthylene-2-carboxyic acid in which the phenyl substituent has been substituted at positions 3 and 4 by adamant-1-yl and hydroxy groups, respectively. It acts as a selective agonist of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)gamma and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cells.		2.0110adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid;
phenols		apoptosis inducer;
retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist
1-pyrenylalanine
1-pyrenylalanine: fluorescent alanine deriv incorporated into enkephalins		3.0750
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		4.07150beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
phenyldiazene
phenyldiazene: structure		1.9810
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		19.991,23114amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.		2.4920
cdri 81-470
[no description available]		1.9810
fludalanine
MK 0642: combination of fludalanine & pentizidone		11.3241
azidohomoalanine
azidohomoalanine: structure in first source		8.17711
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.1110secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
diquafosol
diquafosol: purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonist. P(1),P(4)-bis(uridin-5'-yl) tetraphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-uridinyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		6.9981pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		mouse metabolite;
P2Y2 receptor agonist
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		2.21109-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		2.4110azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
5-fluorouridine 5'-phosphate
5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 5-fluorouracil as the pyrimidine component.		1.9610organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		drug metabolite
alanine-4-nitroanilide
alanine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for aminopeptidase M		7.6630
4-aminophenylalanine
4-aminophenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-amino-L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of 4-aminophenylalanine.. 4-aminophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying an amino group at position 4 on the benzene ring.		7.03104-aminophenylalanine;
amino acid zwitterion
gamma-glutamyl-leucine
gamma-glutamyl-leucine: RN given for (L,L)-isomer. gamma-Glu-Leu : A glutamyl-L-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the gamma-carboxy group of glutamic acid with the amino group of leucine.		1.9910glutamyl-L-amino acidhuman metabolite
4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine
[no description available]		2.3820
3-o-methylmannose
3-O-methylmannose: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9910
threonic acid
threonic acid: RN given refers to (R*,S*)-isomer		2.610threonic acid
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		210
2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid
2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid: a sweetness inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.0110aromatic ether;
carboxylic acid
ribulose
ribulose: 5-carbon keto sugar; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PENTOSES (75-85); RN given refers to (erythro)-isomer		2.1510ribuloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
aspartylglutamate
aspartylglutamate: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
glycine tert-butyl ester
tert-butyl glycinate: structure in first source		2.4320
arginine beta-naphthylamide
arginine beta-naphthylamide: RN given refers to (S)-isomer. L-arginine 2-naphthylamide : An L-arginine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-arginine with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.		2.4120amino acid amide;
L-arginine derivative;
N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide		chromogenic compound
pentacyanoferrate (ii)
[no description available]		2.0810
iminoglutarate
iminoglutarate: RN given is for the ion(2-)		2.0210
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		3.8721aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
10-deacetylbaccatine iii
10-deacetylbaccatine III: structure given in first source		2.1510secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid
phorbols
Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).		1.9610diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
cyanopindolol
[no description available]		2.4120indoles
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		210morpholines
vinylglycine
vinylglycine: irreversible inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase; structure. L-vinylglycine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid with a structure in which a vinyl group is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.		2.0110glycine derivative;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 4.4.1.14 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) inhibitor
ym 09151-2
nemonapride: structure in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. nemonapride : A racemate composed of (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-enantiomers of nemonapride. Highly potent dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist; selective over D1-like receptors (Ki values are 0.1 and 740 nM for D2-like and D1-like receptors respectively). Also potent 5-HT1A receptor agonist (IC50 = 34 nM) and has affinity for sigma receptors.. (2R,3R)-nemonapride : An optically active form of nemonapride having (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.0410N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-(methylamino)benzamide
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		5.4851methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		2.0610(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
birb 796
[no description available]		2.4110aromatic ether;
morpholines;
naphthalenes;
pyrazoles;
ureas		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		4.57250oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
bila 2157 bs
BILA 2157 BS: renin inhibitor; RN given for (1S-(1R*(S*),2S*,3R*))-isomer; structure in first source		1.9810
n-(2-(1-maleimidyl)ethyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxamide
N-(2-(1-maleimidyl)ethyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxamide: structure given in first source		1.9910
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		6.5741organic sulfate salt
torcetrapib
[no description available]		2.1510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
carbamate ester;
quinolines		anticholesteremic drug;
CETP inhibitor
gadolinium oxide
gadolinium oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Gd2-O3		340
ad 20
AD 20: designed to reduce toxicity or enhance activity of anticancer drugs		3.4780
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		2.4820chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		2.7430
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.03102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
carbodiimides
Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.		2.6830carbodiimide
argininic acid
[no description available]		2.3110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
abrine
abrine: from seeds of Abrus precatorius; structure in first source. N(alpha)-methyl-L-tryptophan : A N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid that is the N(alpha)-methyl derivative of L-tryptophan.		210L-tryptophan derivative;
N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
saccharopine
L-saccharopine : The N(6)-(1,3-dicarboxypropan-1-yl) derivative of L-lysine.		2.3110amino acid opine;
L-lysine derivative		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
orotidylic acid
orotidylic acid: structure. orotidine 5'-phosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 6-carboxyuracil as the nucleobase.		210pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
zirconium phosphate
zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio		2.0110
zinc hematoporphyrin
[no description available]		2.0510
16-hydroxyprogesterone
16-hydroxyprogesterone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510corticosteroid hormone
nicotinate ribonucleoside
D-ribosylnicotinate : Conjugate base of D-ribosylnicotinic acid.		2.3110ammonium betainehuman metabolite
dhurrin
dhurrin: cyanogenic glucoside from plant Sorghum; (R)-epimer is taxiphyllin; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside : A beta-D-glucoside consisting of (S)-prunasin carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.0310beta-D-glucoside;
cyanogenic glycoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
nitrile
aminoimidazole ribotide
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole that is 5-aminoimidazole in which the proton at position 1 has been replaced by a 5-phospho-beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		1.96101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole;
aminoimidazole		bacterial metabolite
3-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl
3-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl: structure given in first source		2.0210aminoxyls;
organoiodine compound;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide
ammonium borate
ammonium borate: RN refers to H3BO3		2.3720
sclareol
sclareol: structure given in first source. sclareol : A labdane diterpenoid that is labd-14-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 13. It has been isolated from Salvia sclarea.		2.3110labdane diterpenoidantifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
apoptosis inducer;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
ascidiacyclamide
ascidiacyclamide: structure given in first source; isolated from the marine tunicate Ascidian		7.1310cyclic peptide
3-aminopyridine-1,n(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate
3-aminopyridine-1,N(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate: fluorescent reagent for NADP-requiring enzymes		210
ic 831423
IC 831423: MW 1714 daltons; synthetic pentasaccharide representing minimum binding sequence of heparin to antithrombin III		2.0210
antiflammin p1
antiflammin P1: nonapeptide fragment of uteroglobin has no phospholipase A2 inhibitory & anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		1.9710
af1 neuropeptide
AF1 neuropeptide: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from the nematode Ascaris suum		1.9910
tanshinone ii a
tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source		2.4110abietane diterpenoid
isoglutamine
[no description available]		210amino acid amide;
glutamic acid derivative
serine o-sulfate
serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine.		2.4220L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-sulfoamino acid
gamma-glutamyl-2-naphthylamide
gamma-glutamyl-2-naphthylamide: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-(alpha-L-glutamyl)-2-naphthylamine : An L-glutamic acid derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of L-glutamic acid with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.		1.9610amino acid amide;
L-glutamic acid derivative;
N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide		chromogenic compound
epsilon-n-methyllysine
epsilon-N-methyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer; structure. N(6)-methyllysine : A lysine derivative that is lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.. N(6)-methyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.		1.9610L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
5-deoxypyridoxal
5-deoxypyridoxal: structure		7.0410
tetraphenylphosphonium
tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.		3.2560heteroorganic entity;
phosphorus molecular entity;
polyatomic cation
trifluoromethionine
trifluoro-L-methionine : An L-alpha-amino acid, methionine, with the S-methyl group trifluoro-substituted.		2.1710L-methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organofluorine compound
histidinol
L-histidinol : An amino alcohol that is propanol substituted by 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2 (the 2S stereoisomer).		1.9510amino alcohol;
imidazoles		EC 2.3.1.97 (glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiocysteine
cysteine persulfide: structure in first source. 3-disulfanyl-L-alanine : An S-substituted L-cysteine where the S-substituent is specified as sulfanyl.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
S-substituted L-cysteine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carboxyaminoimidazole ribotide
carboxyaminoimidazole ribotide: reacts with alanosine to form antimetabolite; substrate for EC 4.1.1.21; structure in second source		1.95101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole;
aminoimidazole;
imidazole-4-carboxylic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.6630amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
4-nitrocatechol sulfate
4-nitrocatechol sulfate: RN given refers to 2-sulfate moiety locant. 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is 4-nitrocatechol in which the hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding hydrogen sulfate. It is used (commonly as its dipotassium salt) as a chromogenic substrate for sulphatase.		2.4204-nitrophenols;
aryl sulfate		chromogenic compound
diopside
[no description available]		2.1310
technetium tc 99m pentetate
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.		2.6730
metaperiodate
metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.		2.0110iodine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
thiophosphoric acid
thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.7230phosphorothioic acid
4-nitrophenylmaltoside
[no description available]		2.7230
5-bromowillardiine
5-bromowillardiine: acts as a kainate-like agonist on chick EAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		3.3970
4-hydroxybenzoyl-coenzyme a
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA : A hydroxybenzoyl-CoA that is the S-(4-hydroxybenzoyl) derivative of coenzyme A.		210hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
boswellic acid
boswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggal		2.3110triterpenoid
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		7.8640dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
trichochrome c
trichochrome C: pigment in urine in melanoma; see trichosiderin B; RN given refers to trichochrome C		2.0510
acetylalanine 4-nitroanilide
acetylalanine 4-nitroanilide: RN given refers to (S)-isomer		3.360
n,n-di-n-propylserotonin
N,N-di-n-propylserotonin: structure given in first source		2.0110
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		2.0510
argipressin, val(4)-
argipressin, Val(4)-: RN given refers to (L-Val-D-Arg)-isomer		1.9810
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		7.15500biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		5.31560amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
salivaricin a
salivaricin A: from Streptococcus salivarius; MW 2315 kDa; 22-residue peptide containing one lanthionine & two beta-methyllanthionine residues; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.910
t 0509
RP333: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		210
gabaculine
gabaculine: potent inhibitor of aminobutyrate aminotransferase from Streptomyces toyocaensis.; also inhibits a variety of PLP-dependent aminotransferases; structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (S)-gabaculine : The (S)-enantiomer of gabaculine.		2.66305-aminocyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acidbacterial metabolite;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
1-nitrohydroxyphenyl-n-benzoylalanine
1-nitrohydroxyphenyl-N-benzoylalanine: structure		1.9510
leucine chloromethyl ketone
leucine chloromethyl ketone: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9510
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		5.6180
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		8.0840
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.0110imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
sb 216763
[no description available]		2.0410indoles;
maleimides
roxifiban
roxifiban: structure in first source		3.5180
homocysteic acid
homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.		1.9710homocysteic acidNMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		12.61596divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
spirodiclofen
spirodiclofen: an acaricide		2.3110dichlorobenzene;
gamma-lactone;
organochlorine acaricide;
oxaspiro compound
dexketoprofen trometamol
dexketoprofen trometamol: a water-soluble tromethamine salt of the racemic ketoprofen, rac(+-)-ketoprofen		2.1510
orbofiban
orbofiban: structure in first source		12.724517
quizalofop
quizalofop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of quizalofop-P of and (S)-quizalofop. Quizalofop is used (commonly as the corresponding ethyl ester, known as quizalofop-ethyl) as a selective post-emergence herbicide against annual and winter-hard grasses. The active isomer is the R enantiomer, which is known as quizalofop-P.. 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para position by a (6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy group.		2.4110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
quinoxaline derivative
tak 779
[no description available]		2.0110
propargylglycine
propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		4.5590
2-naphthylalanine
2-naphthylalanine: structure in first source		9.07140
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		1.9810aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
isospaglumic acid
isospaglumic acid: mediator in the sensitivity of animals to hyperbaric oxygenation; Naaxia is the tradename; apparently can have both a neuroprotective and a neurotoxic effect. Ac-Asp-Glu : A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage.		4.0931dipeptidehuman metabolite
2-ethylhydracrylic acid
2-ethylhydracrylic acid: newly described urinary organic acid; a metabolite of L-isoleucine; structure. 2-ethylhydracrylic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that is butanoic acid substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite derived from the isoleucine metabolism.		1.9610branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
hydroxy fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		human metabolite
alaninal
[no description available]		3.2960
2-amino-2-deoxyglucitol
2-amino-2-deoxyglucitol: an antifungal agent; RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.1710
1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl 4-piperidinyl nicotinate
1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl 4-piperidinyl nicotinate: structure given in first source		2.0210
deflazacort
deflazacort: structure		2.1510corticosteroid hormone
beta-methyllanthionine
[no description available]		5.19150
alanylphosphatidylglycerol
[no description available]		1.9510
maltotriose
Porcelite: a light-cured composite resin. alpha-maltotriose : A maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom..		2.4220maltotriose trisaccharidehuman metabolite
epsilon n-dimethyllysine
N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative comprising L-lysine having two methyl substituents attached to the side-chain amino group.		2.3620L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
beta-leucine
beta-leucine : A beta-amino acid that is pentanoic acid substituted at positions 3 and 4 by amino and methyl groups respectively.		1.9610beta-amino acidhuman metabolite
lactosylurea
lactosylurea: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.0210
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		3.4111L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
harderoporphyrinogen
harderoporphyrinogen: structure		2.0310porphyrins
beauverolides
beauverolides: beauverolides H & I have been encountered in our literature; cyclodepsopeptide from the entemopathogenic fungus Beauvaria bassiana Bals; RN given refers to beauverolide H		2.0410
glycyl-proline-1-naphthylamide
glycyl-proline-1-naphthylamide: dipeptidyl peptidase substrate		1.9610
1-phenylcyclopropylamine
1-phenylcyclopropylamine: RN refers to HCl		210
8-chloro-fad
[no description available]		210
5'-o-(n-(alanyl)sulfamoyl)adenosine
5'-O-(N-(alanyl)sulfamoyl)adenosine: structure given in first source		2.730
n(4)-hydroxycytidine
N(4)-hydroxycytidine : A nucleoside analogue that is cytidine which carries a hydroxy group at the N(4)-positon. It has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza, SARS-CoV , SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.		3.4550ketoxime;
nucleoside analogue		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
drug metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
latrepirdine
latrepirdine: structure		2.0610methylpyridines;
pyridoindole		geroprotector
uic-94003
UIC-94003: structure in first source		2.4420
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.0110acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
razaxaban
razaxaban: structure in first source		2.0710
lapatinib
[no description available]		2.4110furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
prizes
acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.		2.2110carboxamidine;
monochloropyridine;
nitrile		environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
xenobiotic
n-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide
N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide: structure in first source. fenhexamid : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2,3-dichlorophenol.		2.3110anilide fungicide;
aromatic amide;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
phenols		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.72 (methylsterol monooxygenase) inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		12.87218carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
eglumetad
eglumetad: LY-354740 is the active isomer, LY-366563 is the inactive isomer, and LY 314582 is the racemate; structure given in first source		6.0281L-alpha-amino acid
dapivirine
Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission		2.1710
sorafenib
[no description available]		8.92122(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cystinyl-aspartyl-prolyl-glycyl-tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginyl-nh2
cystinyl-aspartyl-prolyl-glycyl-tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginyl-NH2: synthetic laminin-derived peptide		1.9910
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.420N-acyl-amino acid
s-benzylcysteine
[no description available]		1.9710
demecolcine
Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.		1.9810alkaloid;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
n-(phenylsulfonyl)glycine
[no description available]		2.420
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.392012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
l-glutamic acid-gamma-hydrazide
L-glutamic acid-gamma-hydrazide: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.3420
erythritol
[no description available]		2.6530butane-1,2,3,4-tetrolantioxidant;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		3.0550bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
cortisone
[no description available]		5.4212011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
androstane-3,17-dione, (5alpha)-isomer
androstane-3,17-dione: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. androstane-3,17-dione : An androstanoid that is androstane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17.. 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3,17-dione.		2103-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
androstane-3,17-dione		mouse metabolite
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		4.31412-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.		2.4720arenecarbaldehyde;
furans;
primary alcohol		indicator;
Maillard reaction product
sodium sulfide
sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae		210
propargylamine
propargylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210
anisomycin
Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.		2.0310monohydroxypyrrolidine;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		3.5280
metribolone
Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.		2.693017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		androgen
withaferin a
withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.		3.411027-hydroxy steroid;
4-hydroxy steroid;
delta-lactone;
enone;
epoxy steroid;
ergostanoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
withanolide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
fusicoccin
fusicoccin: phytotoxic glycoside from Fusicoccum amydali; structure		2.0110
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.9430alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		3.4880isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid
tert-butylglycine : A glycine derivative that is glycine with a tertiary butyl group at position 2.		1.9310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidmetabolite
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.7230acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
ibogaine
Ibogaine: One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.. ibogaine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is ibogamine in which the indole hydrogen para to the indole nitrogen has been replaced by a methoxy group.		2.0110
9-beta-d-erythrofuranosyladenine
9-beta-D-erythrofuranosyladenine: structure in first source		2.0310
indole-3-acetonitrile
indole-3-acetonitrile: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-acetonitrile : A nitrile that is acetonitrile where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		2.0310indoles;
nitrile		auxin;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
enmein
enmein: structure		2.2110delta-lactonemetabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		2.3110
n-(1-methyl)cyclopropylbenzylamine
[no description available]		210
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0210carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		1.9710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		16.9910431,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		3.5180
protoverin
Protoveratrines: Mixtures of closely related hypotensive alkaloids from Veratrum album (Liliaceae). They have been used in the treatment of hypertension but have largely been replaced by drugs with fewer adverse effects.		2.3520
povidone-iodine
Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.		2.2510
3-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid
3-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source; a selective GABA-A agonist; a cyclopentane analog of GABA; RN given for (trans)-isomer		2.3820
3-deazaadenine
[no description available]		1.9710
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		3.2960
alanylaspartic acid
alanylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.4120peptide
carboplatin
[no description available]		1.9810
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		3.88120inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
leptomycin b
[no description available]		3.1150
6-methylthiopurine ribonucleoside-5'-phosphate
6-methylthiopurine ribonucleoside-5'-phosphate: causes cyotoxicity		1.9610
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		440adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.		2.0510glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatemouse metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine
5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.		2.4220thioadenosinealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		12.981686
5'-deoxyadenosine
5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd. 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase.		2.43205'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ribulose 5-phosphate
ribulose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.. ribulose 5-phosphate : A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.		2.4320ribulose 5-phosphatemouse metabolite
sorbose
sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.		1.9410L-sorbose;
sorbopyranose
arabinose
[no description available]		5.39240L-arabinoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		3.470N-acetylneuraminic acidsantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
mannose-6-phosphate
beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.4420D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		4.45230peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		6.15321oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
canavanine
L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.		9.5480amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
hexacyanoferrate iii
hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.6730
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		13.831621D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid
galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.		2.7430D-galacturonic acid
glucosamine 6-phosphate
glucosamine 6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.39202-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 6-phosphatehuman metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
elastin
[no description available]		4.31200oligopeptide
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		9.76421amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.		8.91303,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
raffinose
Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.		3.3870raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		6.9610(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
pantoic acid
pantoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		7.6530pantoic acid
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		2.4720
diaminopimelic acid
Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.		5.285402,6-diaminopimelic acid;
amino acid zwitterion		Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		5.4200heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
pantetheine
Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.		3.3670pantetheines;
thiol		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dithioerythritol
[no description available]		1.95101,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diolreducing agent
pantolactone
pantolactone: degradation product of pantothenic acid in liver; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure. (R)-pantolactone : A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3 and two methyl groups at position 4 (the R-stereoisomer).		2.6730butan-4-olideSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
theanine
theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.		4.1250amino acid zwitterion;
N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine		geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
o-succinylhomoserine
O-succinylhomoserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9710hemisuccinate;
o-succinylhomoserine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
s-adenosyl-3-methylthiopropylamine
S-adenosyl-3-methylthiopropylamine: decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine		2.0210adenosines;
sulfonium compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
rat metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		7.21102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
catechols
6-phosphonoglucono-delta-lactone
6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldonolactone phosphate comprising D-glucono-1,5-lactone having the phosphate group at the 6-position.		210aldonolactone phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		4.79100myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		13.17110011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
casein hydrolysate
casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein		2.4420
D-leucine
[no description available]		210D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-alpha-amino acid;
leucine		bacterial metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
puromycin
[no description available]		6.75480puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.4110taxifolinmetabolite
xylobiose
xylobiose: RN given refers to D-xylose. xylobiose : A glycosylxylose that is D-xylopyranose having a beta-D-xylopyranosyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic bond.		210glycosylxylosebacterial metabolite
isomaltulose
6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose : A glycosylfructose that is D-fructofuranose attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It is found in honey and sugarcane.		1.9810glycosylfructoseanimal metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sweetening agent
maltohexaose
alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltohexaose hexasaccharide consisting of five alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.		2.7230maltohexaose hexasaccharide
cellotetraose
cellotetraose: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer. cellotetraose : A glucotetrose comprised of four D-glucose residues connected by beta(1->4) linkages.		210glucotetraose
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.		1.9510alpha-chloroketone;
sulfonamide		alkylating agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor
tartaric acid
tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.		3.4570tartaric acidEscherichia coli metabolite
alpha-aminobutyric acid
alpha-aminobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-aminobutyric acid : An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid : An optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration.		9.34200alpha-aminobutyric acid;
D-alpha-amino acid
monoiodotyrosine
Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.		2.8840amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monoiodotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-formylmethionine
N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group.		2.6730L-methionine derivative;
N-formyl amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		metabolite
n'-formylkynurenine
N'-formylkynurenine: a photochemical breakdown product of tryptophan in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		7.7630amino acid zwitterion;
N-formylkynurenine;
non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanopine
alanopine: imino acid produced by a dehydrogenase found in the adductor muscle of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2,2'-iminodipropanoic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is 2,2'-iminodiacetic acid substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 2'.		3.93130amino acid opine;
amino dicarboxylic acid
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		2.4120guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
willardiine
willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine.		5.92320amino acid zwitterion;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
trimethyllysine
trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		7.3920alpha-amino-acid cationhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.		2.730nucleoside triphosphate analogue
dehydroascorbic acid
Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.		2.4420dehydroascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
mouse metabolite
cortodoxone
Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.		1.9510deoxycortisol;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fructans
(2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.		7.5520
cellulase
Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		3.150cellotriose
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		5.47660monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		3.2660cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.0310alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		2.03101-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		3.2360cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		8.471042,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		3.3511piperidines
linezolid
[no description available]		2.4110acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
2,5-dihydrophenylalanine
2,5-dihydrophenylalanine: structure		1.9510non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
phalloidine
Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.		3.0750homodetic cyclic peptide
ryanodine
Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.		2.9440
ginsenoside re
[no description available]		7.071012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
micheliolide
micheliolide: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.4110sesquiterpene lactone
genipin
[no description available]		2.110iridoid monoterpenoidanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
hepatotoxic agent;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
naringin
[no description available]		2.6320(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
dendrobine
dendrobine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		6.9610indoles
ochratoxin a
ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.		2.0710isochromanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine;
organochlorine compound;
phenylalanine derivative		Aspergillus metabolite;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
mycotoxin;
nephrotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
ecgonine
ecgonine: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; structure. ecgonine : A tropane alkaloid that consists of tropane bearing carboxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 3 respectively and having (1R,2R,3S,5S)-configuration. It is both a metabolite of and a precursor to cocaine.		1.9310tropane alkaloid
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.0110
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.		210aldehyde;
tripeptide		cysteine protease inhibitor
bq 123
cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.3920cyclic peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		3.7100tripeptide
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2101,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
diprenorphine
Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.		2.420morphinane alkaloid
c(alpha)-formylglycine
C(alpha)-formylglycine: An unusual amino acid residue found at active site of sulfatases. It is created through the conversion of an active site cysteine or serine residue by C(alpha)-formylglycine (FGly)-generating enzyme. Although the term formylglycine has been used in the literature to refer to C(alpha)-formylglycine it is found in most chemical sources as a synonom for N-formyglycine.. L-3-oxoalanine : The L-enantiomer of 3-oxoalanine.		6.463303-oxoalanine;
amino acid zwitterion;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
sodium arsenite
sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.		2.2510arsenic molecular entity;
inorganic sodium salt		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
herbicide;
insecticide;
rodenticide
yersiniabactin
yersiniabactin: from clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica; an iron-chelating virulence factor of Yersinia pestis; yersiniabactin is a thiazole phenol analog of pyochelin; biosynthesized from salicylate, cysteine and malonyl CoA. yersiniabactin : A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4S)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (1S)-1-hydroxy-1-{(4R)-2-[(4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-yl group. A siderophore found in the gram-negative bacterium species, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis.		210monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
thiazolidines		bacterial metabolite;
siderophore
actinonin
actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure		2.0210
ro 09-1437
cyclothialidine: a DNA gyrase inhibitor; isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis; MF C26-H35-N5-O12-S; structure in first source		2.0310peptide
ergonovine
Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		2.8640ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		diagnostic agent;
fungal metabolite;
oxytocic;
toxin
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		1.9410cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
sultamicillin
sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam		210penicillanic acid ester
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		4.02130cyclodextrin
indoleglycerol phosphate
indoleglycerol phosphate: inducer of tryptophan synthase. (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate : The (1S,2R)-diastereomer of 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate.		2.4201-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.9540butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.		11.76470acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite
trichostatin a
trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES		2.7430antibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		3.89120retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
equilenin
Equilenin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.. equilenin : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.		2.73017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		antioxidant;
mammalian metabolite
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		4.02140icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin
alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		210cyclodextrin
fumaric acid
fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		4.4670butenedioic acidfood acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
prostaglandin h2
Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.		2.0510olefinic compound;
oxylipin;
prostaglandins H;
secondary alcohol		mouse metabolite
farnesol
Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.0110farnesolplant metabolite
phosphoramidon
phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.		3.0850deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
1-(5'-phospho-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)barbituric acid
6-oxouridine 5'-phosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is the 6-oxo derivative of UMP.		210pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		9.6851resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
methionine sulfone
methionine sulfone: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation. methionine sulfone : A methionine derivative in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.. L-methionine sulfone : An L-methionine derivative in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.		2.420L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-methionine derivative;
methionine sulfone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		animal metabolite
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		4.6461retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) : A A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) that is the dilauroyl diester of phosphatidiylcholine.		2.49201,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)
cyanoginosin lr
cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.		2.0210microcystinbacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		5.38190octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		4.7461macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferric hydroxide
ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9		2.7130
farnesyl pyrophosphate
farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.		2.0210farnesyl diphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leucine phosphonic acid
leucine phosphonic acid: a leucine aminopeptidase antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0210
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		2.5520ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		3.2760D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		4.76310benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.7730icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
sr 12813
SR 12813: structure given in first source. SR12813 : An organic phosphonate that is the tetraethyl ester of [2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethene-1,1-diyl]bis(phosphonic acid).		2.1310organic phosphonate;
phenols		pregnane X receptor agonist
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine: glutamate receptor antagonist. (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a 4-carboxyphenyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is a non-selective group I/group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist.		3.93130non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidmetabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		3.1250butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.771102-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
tetragastrin
Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.		3.5111peptidyl amide;
tetrapeptide		anxiogenic;
human metabolite
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		1.9610
validamine
validamine: RN given from CA Index Guide; RN not in Chemline 11/84; structure given in first source. validamine : An amino cyclitol consisting of 1D-chiro-inositol lacking the 6-hydroxy group and having those at positions 1 and 5 replaced by amino and hydroxymethyl groups respectively.		2.0810amino cyclitol
keratan sulfate
Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.		2.3720
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		3.7530epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		10.19280macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
s-hydroxymethylglutathione
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the mercapto hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0110S-substituted glutathioneEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
adenylosuccinate
aspartyl adenylate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.6630
cefoxitin
Tn antigen: immediate precursor in biosynthesis of Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen; present in about 90% of human carcinoma tissue; proposed as universal carcinoma marker. O-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine : A non-proteinogenic L-amino acid that is N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine linked via an alpha glycosidic bond to the O at position 3 of L-serine.		2.110L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		tumour antigen
methioninyl adenylate
methioninyl adenylate: RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.3920
stigmatellin
stigmatellin: isolated from myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca; structure in first source. stigmatellin A : A member of the class of chromones that is isolated from Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15.		3.150aromatic ether;
chromones;
olefinic compound;
phenols		bacterial metabolite;
quinol oxidation site inhibitor
t0901317
T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist		2.1310
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		4.5480olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide
benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide: structure in first source		2.110
n-acetylmethionine
N-acetylmethionine: RN given refers to L-isomer. N-acetylmethionine : A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.		2.3920L-methionine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acetylmethionine		nutraceutical
epothilone a
Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).		2.0810epothilone;
epoxide		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
eptifibatide
[no description available]		5.7860homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.420retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
gamma-glutamyl hydroxamate
glutamine hydroxamate : A hydroxamic acid that is L-glutamine hydroxylated at N-5.		1.9610amino acid zwitterion;
glutamic acid derivative;
hydroxamic acid
L-cycloserine
L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.		2.06104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-oneanti-HIV agent;
anticonvulsant;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		3.2660N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
isoleucylvaline
isoleucylvaline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ile-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-valine residues.		2.0410dipeptidemetabolite
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.0110phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
imidazolidines
[no description available]		2.6930azacycloalkane;
imidazolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		1.9710aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
colfosceril palmitate
colfosceril palmitate: used in the treatment of unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema; component of Exosurf. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 32:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl). A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants.		2.15101-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 32:0		mouse metabolite;
surfactant
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		2.110
lamivudine triphosphate
[no description available]		210
kt 5720
KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.		2.0210carboxylic ester;
gamma-lactam;
hemiaminal;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
pa 824
pretomanid: nitroimidazopyran derived from 5-nitroimidazoles; a prodrug that requires activation by a bacterial F420-depedent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Fgd) and nitroreductase to activate components that then inhibit bacterial mycolic acid and protein synthesis; structure in first source		2.2510
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		2.3620cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		6.2460actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.41201,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		8.66100carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		2.8640L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		6.72181pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		3.2960amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		23.62465132nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		2.0410aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
l 743,872
[no description available]		2.0410
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		210kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartyl-aspartic acid
aspartyl-aspartic acid: do not confuse with cyclo(Asp-Asp). Asp-Asp : A dipeptide formed from two L-aspartic acid units.		2.0110dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
streptothricins
Streptothricins: A group of antibiotic aminoglycosides differing only in the number of repeating residues in the peptide side chain. They are produced by Streptomyces and Actinomyces and may have broad spectrum antimicrobial and some antiviral properties.. streptothricin : An N-glycosyl compound consisting of 2-amino-4-O-carbamoyl-2-deoxy-N-[(3aS,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-4-oxooctahydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-ylidene]-beta-D-gulopyranosylamine in which the amino group at position 2 of the gulopyranosyl moiety is acylated by a peptide unit made up of between 1 and 7 N(epsilon)-linked units of beta-lysine.		2.6430
shikonin
shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities		2.4110hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
vmip-ii
vMIP-II: encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; chemokine that blocks calcium mobilization induced by endogenous chemokines; binds to both CC and CXC chemokine receptors; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank U67775		3.3220
favipiravir
favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.		15.71812hydroxypyrazine;
organofluorine compound;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		5.07140flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
sodium thiocyanate
sodium thiocyanate: RN given refers to thiocyanic acid, Na salt. sodium thiocyanate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid.		2.6630organic sodium salt
potassium thiocyanate
potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.		3.3770potassium salt
potassium permanganate
Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)		2.3520
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		3.77110one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
potassium bicarbonate
potassium hydrogencarbonate : A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab.		2.2110organic salt;
potassium salt		antifungal agrochemical;
buffer;
food acidity regulator;
raising agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		3.1450organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.6920organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
ammonium carbonate
ammonium carbonate: see also record for ammonium bicarbonate (mono-NH4 salt)		1.9710
ammonium acetate
ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.		3.3670acetate salt;
ammonium salt		buffer;
food acidity regulator
zn(ii)-phthalocyanine
[no description available]		2.110metallophthalocyanine;
zinc tetrapyrrole		fluorochrome
methyl thioacetate
[no description available]		210thionoester
2-Acetylthiazole
2-acetylthiazole: rice flavoring compound		2.610aromatic ketone
sodium perchlorate
sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.		7.0510inorganic sodium salt
4-nitrophenyl valerate
4-nitrophenyl valerate: structure in first source		2.0310
oxazolidine
oxazolidine: structure given in first source		2.0110oxazolidine
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		4.362102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid
3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid: GABA analog; RN given refers to cis-(+-)-isomer; structure		2.3720
calix(4)arene
calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source		3.5620
cinnamaldehyde
3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.		2103-phenylprop-2-enal;
cinnamaldehydes		antifungal agent;
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sensitiser;
vasodilator agent
trans-4-coumaric acid
hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.		2.13104-coumaric acidfood component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
glycosides
[no description available]		6.65300
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		6.96960isomethyleugenol
beta-ionone
beta-ionone: stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. beta-ionone : An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.		1.9910iononeantioxidant;
fragrance
retinaldehyde
Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		3.690retinal;
vitamin A		gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
piperine
piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.		7.1510benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		2.9240triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		4.6561stilbene
phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone
phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent		3.1810
prolinol
prolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. prolinol : An amino alcohol formed by reduction of the amino acid proline.		2.0610
picibanil
Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.		1.9610penicillinate anion
alpha-cyanocinnamate
alpha-cyanocinnamate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3720
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.		2.3820alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		7.21530flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.4110olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme a
3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA : A hydroxybutanoyl-CoA having 3-hydroxybutanoyl as the S-acyl component.		2.01103-hydroxyacyl-CoA;
hydroxybutanoyl-CoA		mouse metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		3.7100malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lypressin
Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.		2.3520cyclic peptide
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		8.85120vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		7.12281diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.		2.723011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
3-substituted propionyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA;
palmitoyl bioconjugate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine
tyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine: a delta opioid antagonist		2.0210
s 1033
[no description available]		2.1110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
triiodothyronine, reverse
[no description available]		2.41103,3',5'-triiodothyronine;
amino acid zwitterion
dodecylphosphocholine
dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine		3.1450phosphocholinesdetergent
6-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-5-thieno[3,4]pyrrolo[1,3-d]pyridazinone
[no description available]		2.4110organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
omapatrilat
omapatrilat: structure in first source		3.5820dipeptide
alphaxalone
RU 5135: powerful antagonist of GABA stimulation of diazepam binding; structure in first source		1.981011-oxo steroid
isopropyl thiogalactoside
Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.		2.9140S-glycosyl compound
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0210oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		3.0550pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
physostigmine salicylate
[no description available]		1.9710azaheterocycle salicylate salt;
salicylates
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
[no description available]		1.9910
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		3.4470
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		3.9840aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
4-bromophenylalanine
[no description available]		2.4620
alpha-methyltryptophan, (l)-isomer
[no description available]		1.9710
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		2.3820
6-methylflavone
6-methylflavone: structure in first source		2.3110
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.2510caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone
isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone: isatizon believed to be Russian synonym		1.9810
n-acetyltryptophan
N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.		210L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
n-benzoylalanine
N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.		6.13301N-acyl-L-alanine;
N-benzoylalanine		metabolite
phenylalanine methyl ester
phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.		2.3820alpha-amino acid ester;
L-phenylalanine derivative
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		3.4720urocanic acidhuman metabolite
dieldrin
Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.		8.2260epoxide;
organochlorine compound;
organochlorine insecticide		carcinogenic agent;
xenobiotic
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		3.5370aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		2.0310diarylmethane
5-methoxyuridine
5-methoxyuridine : A derivative of uridine, bearing an additional methoxy substituent at position 5 on the uracil ring.		1.9510uridines
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		1.9410nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
urb 597
cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510biphenyls
p-cyanophenylalanine
p-cyanophenylalanine: structure in first source		4.77280
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		2.4920monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		4.02140capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0710
terbinafine
[no description available]		2.9940acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
tosylarginine methyl ester
Tosylarginine Methyl Ester: Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of C(l) on C(4).		1.9510guanidines;
L-arginine ester;
methyl ester;
sulfonamide
n-glycylalanine
Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues.		2.8740dipeptidemetabolite
oxazolone
Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.		2.5220
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		3.2150cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
threoninol
[no description available]		2.0410
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		3.76302-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
ethylenethiourea
Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.		2.4320imidazolidines
n-methylthiourea
N-methylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a methyl group.		1.9410thioureasdrug metabolite;
hepatotoxic agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite
thiosemicarbazide
thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.		1.9410hydrazines;
thiocarboxamide;
thioureas
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		3.84120one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		7.3420organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		11.791343cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		2.6930thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate
triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate: a trialkyloxonium salt (Meerweins' reagents)		2.0710
tempo
TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.		210aminoxyls;
piperidines		catalyst;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
ferric ferrocyanide
ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure		2.0310
4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl
4-maleimido-TEMPO : A member of the class of piperidines that is TEMPO carrying a maleimido group at position 4.		1.9610aminoxyls;
dicarboximide;
maleimides;
piperidines		radical scavenger;
spin label
5-doxylstearate
[no description available]		2.0310aminoxyls
cystine dimethyl ester
cystine dimethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0110
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		2.7430cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
6-thioguanosine
6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.4520purine nucleoside
epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine
epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.2110
fumonisin b1
fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.		8.150diester;
fumonisin;
primary amino compound;
triol		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite
tamoxifen
[no description available]		8.1150stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		210bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
nadp
[no description available]		7.45960
3,3,3-trifluoroalanine
3,3,3-trifluoroalanine: RN refers to (DL)-isomer; inhibits pyridoxal-5'-phosphate dependent cystathionine beta-lyase		3.690
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		4.0350
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		2.4220
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		2.1310pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester
[no description available]		2.8130
1-pyrenebutanol
1-pyrenebutanol: a fluorescent substrate of P450eryF; structure in first source		2.0110
4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylalanine
4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylalanine: an unnatural amino acid; structure in first source		2.0710
krn 7000
KRN 7000: has an alpha-galactosylceramide structure; structure given in first source. alpha-galactosylceramide : A galactosylceramide in which the galactosyl residue has alpha anomeric conofiguration.. 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine : A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.0410glycophytoceramide;
N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine		allergen;
antigen;
antineoplastic agent;
epitope;
immunological adjuvant
3'-o-(n-methylanthraniloyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate
3'-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate that is ADP substituted at position 3' by an N-methylanthraniloyl group.		2.4220purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
monastrol
monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6.		2.0510enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
phenols;
racemate;
thioureas		antileishmanial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		2.653011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		2.0510carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
nabam
mancozeb: complex of zinc & maneb, containing 20% manganese & 2.5% zinc. mancozeb : A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.. ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) : A dithiocarbamic acid resulting from the formal addition of a molecule of carbon disulfide to each amino group of ethylenediamine.		3.84110dithiocarbamic acids
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		4.52250cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.3811barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.743017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		3.8630C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		3.1350aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.1310cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
laccase
Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.		7.4820
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		2.940dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
tetomilast
[no description available]		210
lomeguatrib
[no description available]		2.3110
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.		2.0310acetylenic compound;
methylpyridines		anxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		6.04380alkali metal atom
an-1792
[no description available]		3.3510
zineb
Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.		3.91120dithiocarbamate salt;
macromolecule;
zinc coordination entity		antifungal agrochemical
cobaltous chloride
cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.		2.0510cobalt salt;
inorganic chloride		allergen;
calcium channel blocker;
sensitiser;
two-colour indicator
maneb
Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.		3.9120
thiouridine
Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.		2.8940nucleoside analogue;
thiouridine		affinity label;
antimetabolite
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.0950amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
hydroxylysine
Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		3.33705-hydroxylysine;
hydroxy-L-lysine		human metabolite
burimamide
Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.		1.9510imidazoles
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		2.0510
quinine
[no description available]		4.85130cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
piridoxylate
piridoxylate: conjugation product of glyoxylic acid & pyridoxine; may be physiological regulator of cell respiration		1.9610
azoxystrobin
azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.		3.4260aryloxypyrimidine;
enoate ester;
enol ether;
methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent;
methyl ester;
nitrile		antifungal agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor;
quinone outside inhibitor;
xenobiotic
ra vii
RA VII: structure given in first source		2.4220
deoxy-4-thiothymidine
4-thiothymidine: structure in first source		2.0210
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
[no description available]		2.0110
deltorphin
deltorphin: isolated from skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has affinity to opioid receptor; note deltorphin I and deltorphin II are available, they have Ala in position 2		2.3920peptide
7-benzyloxyquinoline
7-benzyloxyquinoline: fluorescent substrate for cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases; structure given in first source		2.0110
4-fluorotamoxifen
4-fluorotamoxifen: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		1.9810
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate
[no description available]		2.0110
af2 neuropeptide
AF2 neuropeptide: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from the nematode Ascaris suum		1.9910
cystine
[no description available]		9.781791
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		4.0110N-acylglycine
amiflamine
amiflamine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.3720
rasagiline
[no description available]		5.6280indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
safingol
safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R*,S*))-isomer		2.9240amino alcohol
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		2.5201,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
oxalylglycine
oxalylglycine: structure given in first source. N-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.		2.1110amino dicarboxylic acid;
N-acylglycine		EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine
[no description available]		2.1510phosphatidyl-L-serine
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		4.4460
mastoparan b
mastoparan B: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from the wasp Vespa basalis		2.4120
pimeloyl-coenzyme a
pimeloyl-CoA : An omega carboxyacyl-CoA that is the S-pimeloyl derivative of coenzyme A.		3.3970omega-carboxyacyl-CoAmetabolite
tauropine
tauropine: RN given from CA Index Guide 1985; RN not in Chemline 12/86. tauropine : A derivative of L-alanine having a 2-sulfoethyl group attached to the alpha-nitrogen.		2.3920D-alanine derivative;
D-alpha-amino acid;
organosulfonic acid
a 53868a
A 53868A: from Streptomyces luridus; structure given in first source		2.0810
4-bromohomoibotenic acid
4-bromohomoibotenic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 11/89		2.0210
thyronamine
thyronamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin
6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin: structure in first source		2.1110coumarins
olivomycins
Olivomycins: A mixture of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces (or Streptomyces) olivoreticuli. They are used as fluorescent dyes that bind to DNA and prevent both RNA and protein synthesis and are also used as antineoplastic agents.		1.9410
amanitins
Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.		210
phosphonic acid
phosphonic acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphonic acids.		2.7220
adefovir
aurasperone A: isolated from Aspergillus aculeatus; structure in first source. aurasperone A : A dimeric naphthopyran with formula C32H26O10, originally isolated from Aspergillus niger.		2.4110aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
biaryl;
cyclic ketone;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
polyphenol		antimalarial;
Aspergillus metabolite;
marine metabolite
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.5520
tecoflex
Tecoflex: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		2.2510
phosphothreonine
Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.		8.91120L-threonine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist		3.79110naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		9.78330
3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine
3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine: structure in first source		2.0210
epoxiconazole
epoxiconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (2S,3R)- and (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole. A broad-spectrum fungicide for control of diseases caused by Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Epoxiconazole is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.. 1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.		2.1710epoxide;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
triazoles
4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid
4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: an antinociceptive agent and metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.0310
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		6.34520organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
blister
blebbistatin: structure in first source. blebbistatin : A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3a, a methyl group at position 6 and a phenyl group at position 1. It acts as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II.		2.0510cyclic ketone;
pyrroloquinoline;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		inhibitor
dimethyldithiocarbamate
Dimethyldithiocarbamate: A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.. dimethyldithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamate anions resulting from the removal of the proton from the dithiocarbamic acid moiety of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.		7.3420dithiocarbamate anions
2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine
2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine: activates mGlu(5) receptors; structure in first source		1.9910
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.		4.83330quinoxaline derivative
zinc protoporphyrin ix
[no description available]		2.3820
fg 9041
FG 9041: structure given in first source		3.3870quinoxaline derivative
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		7.571090
n-biotinylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate
[no description available]		2.0110
17-ketosteroids
17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.		1.9410
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		3.3670
diethoxy-(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato)titanium (iv)
3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one: a coupling reagent for mediating amide bond formation with little or no racemization; structure in first source		3.110
sc 560
SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.		2.0210aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sodium borohydride
sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2460inorganic sodium salt;
metal tetrahydridoborate
digitoxigenin
Digitoxigenin: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.. digitoxigenin : A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).		1.951014beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid
osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.		2.0310long-chain fatty acid
kojibiose
[no description available]		2.2510
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940		2.4220alkylbenzene;
ring assembly
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.0310organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		4.18170
mrs2159
MRS2159: an antagonist of both P2X1 and P2X7 receptors		2.2110
methanethiosulfonate
methanethiosulfonate: used for measurement of rhodanese activity; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4120
diethyl maleate
diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.		2.3820ethyl ester;
maleate ester		glutathione depleting agent
benzyl cinnamate
benzyl cinnamate: structure in first source. benzyl cinnamate : The cinnamate ester derived from cinnamic acid and benzyl alcohol. Occuring in Balsam of Peru and Tolu balsam, in Sumatra and Penang benzoin, and as the main constituent of copaiba balsam, it is used in heavy oriental perfumes, as a fixative and as a flavouring agent.		2.3110cinnamate esterantigen;
epitope;
fixative;
flavouring agent;
fragrance
eupatilin
eupatilin: isolated from Artemisia argyi. eupatilin : A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities.		2.2110dihydroxyflavone;
trimethoxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
metabolite
abacavir, lamivudine drug combination
abacavir, lamivudine drug combination: combination of Epivir and Ziagen		9.38106
jtk-303
[no description available]		14.624119aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		8.54152sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		5.1917-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		4.21170biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		7.96262prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.6830monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arachidonyltrifluoromethane
arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group		210fatty acid derivative;
ketone;
olefinic compound;
organofluorine compound		EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		2.7530trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.41103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		3.5480octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		3.3870D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		3.92130
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.9540carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
11-cis-retinal
Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.		4.49230retinalchromophore;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leukotriene c4
Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.		2.9440leukotrienebronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		2.420epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
sinapyl alcohol
sinapyl alcohol: has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties; structure in first source. trans-sinapyl alcohol : Sinapyl alcohol in which the configuration of the propenyl double bond is E. It is one of the main monolignols.. sinapyl alcohol : A primary alcohol, being cinnamyl alcohol hydroxylated at C-4 and methoxylated at C-3 and -5.		2.0710sinapyl alcoholmonolignol
alprostadil
[no description available]		5.7632prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.6830D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside
quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells		2.4110beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antipruritic drug;
bone density conservation agent;
geroprotector;
histamine antagonist;
osteogenesis regulator;
plant metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.7930disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
leukotriene d4
Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).		210dipeptide;
leukotriene;
organic sulfide		bronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		2.3820prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.		210carotenolantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
cofactor
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		2.7730linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
genistein
[no description available]		3.39707-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		2.9140antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		2.0110oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		3.4110aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
jasmonic acid
jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.		2.4520oxo monocarboxylic acidjasmonates;
plant metabolite
butein
[no description available]		2.1110chalcones;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
geranylgeraniol
(E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol : A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		2.0110geranylgeraniol
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		2.420alpha-humulene
fisetin
[no description available]		2.41103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
7-hydroxyflavonol;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
galangin
5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.		2.13107-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
myricetin
[no description available]		2.96307-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
scutellarein
scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.		2.4110tetrahydroxyflavonemetabolite
tricin
tricin: from Spartina cynosuroides and other plants; structure		2.06103'-methoxyflavones;
dimethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite
wogonin
wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.		2.4920dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
polydatin
trans-piceid : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.		2.4110beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyphenol;
stilbenoid		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antioxidant;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
potassium channel modulator
iridin
iridin : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is irigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.41104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		plant metabolite
cyhalothrin
cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.		2.5420aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		agrochemical;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
7-hydroxyflavone
7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.		2.4110hydroxyflavonoid
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.610ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		2.4320endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
thiocillin
thiocillin: closely related to microccin P; RN given refers to mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(Z)))-isomer		2.0510azamacrocycle;
lactam
cerulenin
Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.		2.520epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
geranylgeranylacetone
geranylgeranylacetone: structure in first source; RN given refers to isomeric cpd without isomeric designation; mixture of (5E,9E,13E) & (5Z,9E,13E)-isomers. teprenone : A terpene ketone in which a (9E,13E)-geranylgernayl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone (it is a mixture of 5E- and 5Z-geoisomers in a 3:2 ratio).		5.1831
ornoprostil
ornoprostil: RN given refers to (11alpha,13E,15R,17S)-isomer		3.1310organic molecular entity
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.		2.8940stilbenoid
domoic acid
domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).		3.2460L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid;
tricarboxylic acid		algal metabolite;
hapten;
marine metabolite;
neuromuscular agent;
neurotoxin
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/88. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are palmitoyl and oleoyl respectively.		2.0310(18R,21S)-24-amino-21-hydroxy-21-oxido-15-oxo-16,20,22-trioxa-21lambdalambda(5)-phosphatetracosan-18-yl icosanoate;
phosphatidylethanolamine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol
[no description available]		2.4720phosphatidylglycerol
ro 61-8048
[no description available]		3.150C-nitro compound
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		210retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		6.1451
pibutidine hydrochloride
IT 066: structure in first source. pibutidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of pibutidine. It is a H2 receptor antagonist which was developed for the treatment of peptic ulcers and duodenal ulcers. It was in phase III clinical trials in Japan (now discontinued).		210hydrochlorideanti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
zinostatin
Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.		1.9710
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2
16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.. 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 in which both of the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by methyl groups. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2, it is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. It also protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers.		1.9610cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid;
prostanoid;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-ulcer drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
radiation protective agent
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		2.420thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2104-hydroxynon-2-enal;
4-hydroxynonenal
oleylamide
oleylamide: plastic additive; can cause contact urticaria; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; a sleep inducing factor. aliphatic amide : A carboxamide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aliphatic system.. oleamide : A fatty amide derived from oleic acid.		2.0310primary fatty amidehuman metabolite;
plant metabolite
n-arachidonylglycine
N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source. N-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide		2.0210fatty amide;
N-acylglycine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoserine
{1-O-hexadecanoyl-2-O-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phospho}serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine compound with a palmitoyl group at the 1-position and an oleoyl group at the 2-position.		2.13103-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine
menaquinone 6
menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer		4.5470
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.0510sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
codeine
[no description available]		2.0510morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.6920hydrochloride
3-amino-1-methyl-5h-pyrido(4,3-b)indole
3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole: structure		1.9710pyridoindole
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		3.3510acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		7.1710aromatic amide;
indazoles
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		2.0610pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		1.9310morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		11.0891morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		3.3510organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		4.06140antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		2.4320cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
gamma-cyclodextrin
gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		2.2510cyclodextrin
irosustat
irosustat: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; a tricyclic sulfamate ester; structure in first source		210
menaquinone 7
menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.		2.4120menaquinonebone density conservation agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
brefeldin a
[no description available]		3.1250macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
n-methylalanine
N-methylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL-Ala)-isomer. methyl-L-alanine : Any alanine derivative that is L-alanine having one or more methyl groups attached to the amino group.. N-methyl-L-alanine : A methyl-L-alanine in which one of the the amino hydrogen of L-alanine is replaced by a methyl group.		4.35200amino acid zwitterion;
methyl-L-alanine
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		5.76211morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
xylulose
[no description available]		2.2510xyluloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-aminocrotonic acid
[no description available]		6.9910
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		5.243pyrazinecarboxylic acid
bibp 3226
BIBP 3226: a selective non-peptide neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; BIBP-3435 is the S-enantiomer		2.0110
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.1310monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
istradefylline
[no description available]		3.3510oxopurine
cp 99994
3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine: selective NK(1) receptor antagonist; CP-100263 is the inactive enantiomer		210
denopamine
denopamine: structure given in first source		210dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		1.9810heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		2.4110medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
endomorphin 1
endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain		2.4720oligopeptide
endomorphin 2
endomorphin 2: isolated from bovine brain		2.0210
herbimycin
herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.		2101,4-benzoquinones;
lactam;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
apoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
fr 173657
FR 173657: structure given in first source		210
kallidin
Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.		1.9810peptide
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone
cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).		2.2510
l 365260
L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively		210benzodiazepine
l 372662
L 372662: structure in first source		2.0210
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		2.72301-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		2.17101-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
mdl 100907
Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.		2.0210
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.6530cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		210phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin a
Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.		3.2560
neurokinin b
Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.		2.6730polypeptide
alatriopril
alatriopril: shows promise for the treatment of various cardiovascular & salt-retention disorders		2.940
pd 123319
PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively		2.4220imidazopyridineangiotensin receptor antagonist;
endothelin receptor antagonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
obelin
obelin: calcium-sensitive photoprotein obtained from the hydroid Obelia geniculata		210
sq 29548
SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist		2.4220
ro 41-5253
Ro 41-5253: a synthetic retinoid with antiviral activity; a selective RAR alpha antagonist; structure given in first source. Ro 41-5253 : A thiochromane that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzothiopyran S,S-dioxide in which the hydrogens at position 4 are both replaced by methyl groups, the hydrogens at position 7 is replaced by a heptyloxy group, while the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a 1-phenylprop-1-en-2-yl group, the phenyl group of which is substituted at the para position by a carboxy group. It is a selective antagonist for retinoic acid receptor alpha.		1.9910aromatic ether;
benzoic acids;
sulfone;
thiochromane		apoptosis inducer;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
sulprostone
sulprostone: structure		210prostanoid
7,7-dimethyl-5,8-eicosadienoic acid
7,7-dimethyl-5,8-eicosadienoic acid: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/89		210long-chain fatty acid
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		3.5480phosphatidylcholine(1+)
biliverdine
[no description available]		2.0210
(E)-3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenal
[no description available]		2.4110cinnamaldehydes
spiraeoside
spiraeoside: from flowers of Filipendula ulmaria (L.); structure given in first source. quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 4'.		210beta-D-glucoside;
flavonols;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		4.2830(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
casein kinase ii
Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.		5.5250
ag-490
[no description available]		2.0210catechols;
enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
STAT3 inhibitor
bosutinib
4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.1110aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
N-methylpiperazine;
nitrile;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
su 11248
[no description available]		3.8830monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
ergothioneine
ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.		2.37201,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
amino-acid betaine;
L-histidine derivative;
sulfur-containing amino acid		antioxidant;
chelator;
fungal metabolite;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
hemiasterlin a
hemiasterlin A: potent cytotoxic peptide from marine sponge, Hemiasterella minor; structure given in first source		2.0210
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		4.12160carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
tin
[no description available]		2.6530carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
sulindac sulfide
sulindac sulfide: sulfated analog of indomethacin & inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulindac sulfide : An aryl sulfide that is a metabolite of sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity.		2.4920aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
diamide
Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.		3.71001,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		2.4220
antimony
Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.		2.0610metalloid atom;
pnictogen
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		2.6530alkali metal atom
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		5.03160alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
muconic acid
muconic acid: a metabolite of benzene; reported to be a reliable indicator of occupational exposure to benzene; structure given in first source. trans,trans-muconic acid : The trans,trans-isomer of muconic acid. It is metabolite of benzene in humans and serves as a biomarker of occupational exposure to benzene.. muconic acid : A hexadienedioic acid with unsaturation at positions 2 and 4.		210muconic acidbiomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		4.16170alkali metal atom
ethyl fumarate
[no description available]		1.9910
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		5.27170boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
ethylmorphine
Ethylmorphine: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.		1.9610morphinane alkaloid
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		3.0650alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		2.3520metal atom;
pnictogen
dihydromorphine
Dihydromorphine: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.		1.9610morphinane alkaloid
thallium
Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).		1.9910boron group element atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		9.63280metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
indium
Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.		2.2110boron group element atom
4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide
4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.		1.9510
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		3.7921cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		2.7306-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
dextrorphan
Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.		2.0110morphinane alkaloid
lasalocid
Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.		1.9510beta-hydroxy ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
oxanes;
oxolanes;
polyether antibiotic;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol		bacterial metabolite;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.6320dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
batimastat
batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.		210hydroxamic acid;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
organic sulfide;
secondary carboxamide;
thiophenes;
triamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		2.0110dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		6.93560chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.4320
2-cyano-n-((ethylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide
2-cyano-N-((ethylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.7430
methyl oleate
[no description available]		2.0310fatty acid methyl ester
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		8.08252styrenes
2,3-oxidosqualene
2,3-oxidosqualene: an oxidized derivative of SQUALENE that can fold in several ways: chair-boat-chair-boat to LANOSTEROL; chair-chair-chair-boat to dammarane; or all chair to hopane and on to cycloartenol; RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer. 2,3-epoxysqualene : A squalene triterpenoid obtained by formal epoxidation across the 2,3 C=C bond of squalene.		2.4820epoxide;
squalene triterpenoid
spheroidenone
spheroidenone: RN given for (all-trans)-isomer. spheroiden-2-one : The carotenone that is the 2-oxo derivative of (3E)-1-methoxy-3,4-didehydro-1,2,7',8'-tetrahydro-psi,psi-carotene.		210carotenonebacterial metabolite
piperic acid
piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum).		7.0210alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
benzodioxoles		plant metabolite
isoalloxazine
isoalloxazine: structure		2.4320benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
plastoquinone
[no description available]		210plastoquinone
diphenylhexatriene
Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.		2.4320alkatrienefluorochrome
cpp 199
norzimelidine: pharmacologically active N-demethylated metabolite of zimelidine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3720
veratrine
Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.		3.3470alkaloid
bedaquiline
bedaquiline: a diarylquinoline Antitubercular Agent. bedaquiline : A quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential for the replication of the mycobacteria.		2.1310aromatic ether;
naphthalenes;
organobromine compound;
quinolines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antitubercular agent;
ATP synthase inhibitor
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		2.7330dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
sinomenine
sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic		2.4110morphinane alkaloid
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		4.211701,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
ecdysterone
Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.		2.412014alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
22-hydroxy steroid;
25-hydroxy steroid;
2beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ecdysteroid;
phytoecdysteroid		animal metabolite;
plant metabolite
deoxyribose
[no description available]		3.6430deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		12.78984butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-dehydroshikimate
3-dehydroshikimate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-dehydroshikimic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-dehydroshikimic acid : A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is shikimic acid in which the allylic hydroxy group has been oxidised to the corresponding keto group.		1.9810monocarboxylic acid anionSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phycocyanobilin
phycocyanobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycocyanin protein. phycocyanobilin : A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19.		2.4420
beryllium
Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.		2.0210alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental beryllium;
metal allergen		adjuvant;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope
pyrrolysine
pyrrolysine: encoded by a stop codon in archaea. L-pyrrolysine : A N(6)-acyl-L-lysine having (2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl as the N(6)-acyl group.. pyrrolysine : An N-acyl-amino acid that is lysine in which one of the amino nitrogens at position N6 is replaced by a 3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group.		2.520amino acid zwitterion;
N(6)-acyl-L-lysine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyrrolysine
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		16.279573cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
thyronines
Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.		3.7730thyronine
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		8.69100carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
indium
[no description available]		2.2110
n-acetylmuramic acid
N-acetylmuramic acid: RN given refers to D-Glucopyranose, (R)-isomer. N-acetyl-D-muramic acid : The pyranose form of N-acetylmuramic acid.		2.9140N-acetylmuramic acid
strombine
strombine: imino acid produced by a dehydrogenase found in the adductor muscle of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas. N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine : A derivative of D-alanine having a carboxymethyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen.		3.5890D-alanine derivative
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		6.71571monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.		3.4880boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
bialaphos
bilanafos : A tripeptide comprising one L-phosphinothricyl and two L-alanyl units joined in sequence.		2.3820phosphinic acids;
tripeptide		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		2.940dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
dimethomorph
dimethomorph: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (Z)-dimethomorph : An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of (2Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid with the amino group of morpholine. The agricultural fungicide dimethomorph is a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-dimethomorph; only the Z isomer has fungicidal activity.. dimethomorph : A mixture of (E)- and (Z)-dimethomorph in an unspecified ratio. It is used as a systemic fungicide used on vines, potatoes, and greenhouse crops; only the Z isomer has fungicidal activity.		3.4670aromatic ether;
enamide;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholine fungicide;
tertiary carboxamide
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source		1.9910
cinanserin
Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.		1.9610aryl sulfide;
cinnamamides;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
alanyl-alanyl-alanine
alanyl-alanyl-alanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ala-Ala-Ala : A tripeptide composed of three L-alanine units joined by peptide linkages.		3.3970tripeptidemetabolite
alanyl-alanyl-alanyl-alanine
alanyl-alanyl-alanyl-alanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.6530
pradimicin a
pradimicin A: from actinomycete strain No. P157-2; has inhibitory effect against HIV in vitro; structure given in first source. pradimicin A : A member of the class of pradimicins that is isolated from the cultured broth of Actinomadura hibisca No. P157-2 (ATCC 53557).		2.3820aromatic ether;
carboxylic acid;
disaccharide derivative;
L-alanine derivative;
p-quinones;
polyphenol;
pradimicin;
secondary alcohol
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.110cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
l 685458
L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.		2.7630carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
peptide;
secondary alcohol		EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
tenofovir diphosphate
[no description available]		8.21143
alanylalanine
L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage.		2.0110dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
n-acetylalanyl-n-methylamide
N-acetylalanyl-N-methylamide: an alanine dipeptide; structure given in first source		5.88310
ay 25,205
surfagon: potent LHRH agonist; RN given refers to (D-Ala-L-Pro)-isomer		1.9910
dermorphin
dermorphin: opiate-like peptide present in amphibian skin		3.2460oligopeptide
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.		3.2460
conotoxin mi
conotoxin MI: 14-residue peptide toxin from marine snail Conus magus; amino acid sequence in first source		210
strontium radioisotopes
Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.		2.3920
caesium-137
[no description available]		2.610caesium atom
3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine
3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine: potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells; RN given refers to iodide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 10/24/83; structure		2.110
marfey's reagent
Marfey's reagent: structure given in first source		11.8330
tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine
tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine: RN given refers to unlabeled (L-Tyr-D-Ala)-isomer		3.1110
succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanine-4-nitroanilide
succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanine-4-nitroanilide: chromogenic chymotrypsin substrate		2.3110
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		2.0610gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
alanyllactate
D-alanyl-(R)-lactic acid : A D-alanyl ester that results from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of (2R)-lactic acid with the carboxylic acid group of D-alanine.		3.72100D-alanyl ester;
depsipeptide;
zwitterion
5,6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole-3',5'-monophosphorothioate
5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole-3',5'-monophosphorothioate: structure given in first source		1.9910
n-(2-(mercaptomethyl)-3-phenylbutanoyl)-l-alanine
N-(2-(mercaptomethyl)-3-phenylbutanoyl)-L-alanine: structure given in first source		2.940
n,n-dimethylalanine
N,N-dimethyl-L-alanine : A methyl-L-alanine in which both the amino hydrogens of L-alanine are replaced by methyl groups.		3.2760methyl-L-alanine
phenylalanylalanine
phenylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Phe-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine residues.		2.0410dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
acetylalanylalanine
acetylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (D)-isomer		1.9910
udp-n-acetylmuramic acid pentapeptide
[no description available]		3.2660
udp-n-acetylmuramylalanine
UDP-N-acetylmuramylalanine: important in peptidoglycan synthesis; used for incorporation of D-glutamic acid into peptidoglycan		1.9910
ro 48-3657
sibrafiban: prodrug of Ro-44-3888; structure in first source		6.5760N-acylglycine
alpha-aspartylalanine
alpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain. Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues.		2.0110dipeptidemetabolite
vx680
[no description available]		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
n-acetylsphingosine
N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.		2.4120N-acylsphingosine
triolein
Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.		2.3720triglycerideCaenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
plant metabolite
abscisic acid
Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.		4.06402-trans-abscisic acid
phenyldehydroalanine
[no description available]		3.1250
benzoylamido-4'-aminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate
[no description available]		1.9510
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.		2.0210Cy5 dye;
indolium ion		fluorochrome
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.9840cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		2.39201,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
cinidon-ethyl
Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.		2.7430ethyl ester;
isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes		herbicide
cgp 37849
2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; CGP-40116 is the (R)-enantiomer of CGP-37849; CGP-40017 is the L-isomer		210
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		5.1460ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
ajmaline
Ajmaline: An alkaloid found in the root of RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA, among other plant sources. It is a class 1-A antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.. ajmaline : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that consists of ajmalan substituted at positions 17 and 21 by hydroxy groups.		1.9510
kresoxim-methyl
kresoxim-methyl: strobilurin analogue; an industrial fungicide. kresoxim-methyl : A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino){2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetic acid. A fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops.		2.0510aromatic ether;
methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin antifungal agent;
methyl ester;
oxime O-ether		antifungal agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor;
xenobiotic
2-amino-4-methoxy-3-butenoic acid
2-amino-4-methoxy-3-butenoic acid: bacterial toxin isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RN given refers to (S-(E))-isomer		2.3620
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.		3.2460
12-o-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate
[no description available]		2.0510
menaquinone 9
menaquinone-9 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 9 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.		2.0210menaquinoneEscherichia coli metabolite
coomassie brilliant blue
[no description available]		7.9540
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.1710acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
uk 81,252
sampatrilat: structure in first source		3.1410
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		4.43220azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		12.03250chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
selenocysteine
Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.		4.21170
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		210chalcogen;
metalloid atom
triethoxysilane
[no description available]		2.0710
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		4.79330
beta-naphthylalanine
[no description available]		2.8740
(-)-catechin-3-O-gallate
(-)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-catechin.		2.4110flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		metabolite
dihydroergotoxine
Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.		1.9510
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		6.91350maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a
Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.		3.3470amidobenzoic acid
ubp 310
UBP 310: a GluR5 antagonist; structure in first source		3.680
3-methylbutyrylcarnitine
3-methylbutyrylcarnitine: affects 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity in intact mitochondria of rat muscle; RN given refers to (R)-isomer. O-isovalerylcarnitine : A C5-acylcarnitine having isovaleryl as the acyl substituent.		1.9810C5-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
hexanoylcarnitine
hexanoylcarnitine: RN given refers to chloride salt; RN for parent cpd not available 11/89. O-hexanoylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine compound having hexanoyl as the acyl substituent.		2.0610hexanoate ester;
O-acylcarnitine		human metabolite
arginyllysine
Arg-Lys : A dipeptide formed from L-arginyl and L-leucine residues.		2.110dipeptidemetabolite
cholestanol
Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.		2.4520cholestanoid
bongkrekic acid
Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.		210ether;
olefinic compound;
tricarboxylic acid		apoptosis inhibitor;
ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
toxin
cilastatin
[no description available]		210carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		8.97130
ambruticin
ambruticin: cyclopropyl-polyene-pyran acid from Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9710
13-cis-retinal
13-cis-retinal : A retinal in which the double bond alpha- to the aldehyde group has cis configuration, whilst the remaining acyclic double bonds have trans configuration.		1.9910retinalhuman metabolite
nitrocefin
nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source		210
latrunculin b
latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.		2.0210cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide;
oxabicycloalkane;
thiazolidinone		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
toxin
bafilomycin a1
bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.		2.0510cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide antibiotic;
oxanes		apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
fungicide;
potassium ionophore;
toxin
aminoethoxyvinylglycine
aminoethoxyvinylglycine: RN given for (S-(E))-isomer		2.0810
triticonazole
triticonazole: a fungicide triticonazole. triticonazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-triticonazole. A seed treatment fungicide for the control of common bunt, loose smut and covered smut on barley, oats and wheat.		2.7620
n-oleoylglycine
oleoylglycine: long chain fatty acyl glycine. N-oleoylglycine : A fatty acid derivative that is the 9Z-octadecenoyl derivative of glycine. It is believed to be an intermediate in oleamide biosynthesis.		2.2510fatty amide;
N-acylglycine 18:1		metabolite
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol
[no description available]		1.97101,2-diglyceride
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; (S-(E,Z,Z,Z))-isomer caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries; structure in first source. 15-HPETE : A HPETE that consists of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 15.		2.0210HPETEhuman xenobiotic metabolite
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source		2.0410
cgp 39653
CGP 39653: NMDA receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0210
microcystin rr
microcystin RR: structure given in first source; isolated cyanobacterium		2.0510microcystin;
organic molecular entity		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3-26,23-lactone
[no description available]		2.0310vitamin D
thermozymocidin
thermozymocidin: a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor; FTY720 is an analog		2.1110alpha-amino fatty acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sphingoid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
2-cyano-3-(1-phenylindol-3-yl)acrylate
2-cyano-3-(1-phenylindol-3-yl)acrylate: inhibits pyruvate transport into mitochondria		2.3110
myxococcus xanthus antibiotic ta
Myxococcus xanthus antibiotic TA: polyketide wide-spectrum antibiotic produced by Myxococcus xanthus		1.9610
1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-(4-aminobutyryl)propane-1,2,3-triol
1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-(4-aminobutyryl)propane-1,2,3-triol: RN refers to the (all-Z)-isomer		3.5320
3-(n-phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol 1,2-dioleoyl ester
3-(N-phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol 1,2-dioleoyl ester: putative etiologic agent for toxic oil syndrome; RN given for (Z)-isomer; structure in first source		1.9910
1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine
1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine: RN given in first source; RN given refers to (R-(Z,Z))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/90. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl L-serine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.. phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1) : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are octadecenoyl groups.		210phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1)mouse metabolite
n(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid
N(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid: inhibits glucosamine synthetase in E coli; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S-(E)-isomer). N(3)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the terminal amino group of 3-amino-L-alanine with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid.		2.8940enoate ester;
methyl ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide		metabolite
pironetin
pironetin: a microbial secondary metabolite having the activity of shortening plant height from Streptomyces sp.; structure in first source		2.0510aliphatic alcohol
o-(5-o-(feruloyl)-alpha-arabinofuranosyl)-(1-3)-o-beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-4)-xylopyranose
O-(5-O-(feruloyl)-alpha-arabinofuranosyl)-(1-3)-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-4)-xylopyranose: structure given in first source		210
4-coumaroyl-coenzyme a
4-coumaroyl-coenzyme A: structure given in first source. trans-4-coumaroyl-CoA : A 4-coumaroyl-CoA in which the double bond of the coumaroyl group has trans-geochemistry.. 4-coumaroyl-CoA : The S-(4-coumaroyl) derivative of coenzyme A.		2.47204-coumaroyl-CoA
bacteriochlorophylls
Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.		2.3820
tiglylglycine
tiglylglycine: RN is from 9th CI. tiglylglycine : An N-acylglycine that is glycine with an amine hydrogen substituted by a 2-methylbut-2-enoyl (tiglyl) group.		2.1710N-acylglycinemetabolite
everolimus
[no description available]		2.4110cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
2-(3-methanesulfonylamino-1-propenyl)pyrrolidin-4-ylthiol-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methyl-1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid
DA 1131: structure in first source		210
4-oxo-2-nonenal
4-oxo-2-nonenal: reacts with 2'-deoxyguanosine; a product of lipid peroxidation; structure in first source. (E)-4-oxonon-2-enal : The enal that is (E)-non-2-enal substituted with an oxo group at C-4.		3.1610enal;
enone		human metabolite
ixabepilone
[no description available]		2.08101,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
dehydrobutyrine
(Z)-2-aminobutenoic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid resulting from the formal elimination of water from the side-chain of threonine.. 2-aminobut-2-enoic acid zwitterion : An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 2-aminobut-2-enoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.281702,3-dehydroamino acid;
enamine;
threonine derivative
chlorophyll
chlorophyll a': RN refers to (SP-4-2-(3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21alpha)))-isomer		2.0210
zy 17617b
CGS 9343B: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3920
ibutamoren mesylate
ibutamoren mesylate: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source		2.0810
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide
Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.		3.5220galactosylceramide sulfate;
N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
cx 614
2H,3H,6aH-pyrrolidino(2'',1''-3',2')1,3-oxazino(6',5'-5,4)benzo(e)1, 4-dioxan-10-one: an ampakine (AMPA receptor modulator); structure in first source		210
rilpivirine
[no description available]		7.4663aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
lysylphosphatidylglycerol
lysylphosphatidylglycerol: glycerol with two fatty acids plus a lysine-glycerol-phosphate; a major membrane phospholipid of Staphylococcus; the lysine positive charge repels DEFENSINS		2.0410
beta-escin
Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.		2.0510triterpenoid saponin
epoxyfarnesyl diazoacetate
2'-deoxy-4'-C-ethynyl-2-fluoroadenosine: has anti-HIV activity; structure in first source		3.6920
tanespimycin
CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A		2.41101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
fm1 43
FM1 43: labels motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling; structure given in second source		2.0110organic bromide salt;
pyridinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt;
tertiary amine		fluorochrome
beta-escin
[no description available]		4.0240
melibiose
alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp : A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.		2.0110glycosylglucose
mdl 105519
MDL 105519: a potent ligand at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated glycine recognition site; structure given in first source		2.0210
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		2.6930nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		2.8840imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		2.4110isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		2.8640diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
carboxyl radical
[no description available]		7.7630carbon oxide;
organic radical anion		xenobiotic metabolite
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).		2.6730nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		5.290cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
ik 682
IK 682: inhibits TNF-alpha converting enzyme; structure in first source		2.0310hydroxamic acid;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
quinolines
nyasol
nyasol: from roots Asparagus africanus; structure given in first source		2.01101,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pentane-1,4-dieneplant metabolite
fumagillin
[no description available]		2.0210antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.		2.6830
cilofungin
cilofungin: a cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin; a modified form of Echinocandin B; antimycotic agent against Candida albicans. cilofungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic isolated from Aspergillus spp. By inhibiting the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, it invades a fungus' ability to synthesize cell walls. A modified form of echinocandin B, it is an antimycotic agent against Candida albicans.		1.9710antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.3110organic molecular entity
l 371257
L 371257: structure given in first source		2.0210
beta-elemene
beta-elemene: increases tumor cell immunogenicity by inducing, at least in part, elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 on tumor cell surface. beta-elemene : A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.. (-)-beta-elemene : The (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration.		2.4110beta-elemeneantineoplastic agent
hti-286
HTI-286: a synthetic analog of the tripeptide hemiasterlin; structure in first source		2.0210
3-hydroxyphenylacetate
[no description available]		2.1710hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anionhuman xenobiotic metabolite
n-acetyl-leucine-methylamide
[no description available]		2.0610
glutamylalanine
Glu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues.		7.3620dipeptidemetabolite
bromopyruvate
[no description available]		1.97102-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
7-azatryptophan
7-azatryptophan: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		9.1850
leucyl-leucine-methyl ester
leucyl-leucine-methyl ester: RN given refers to all L-isomer		1.9710peptide
4-benzoylphenylalanine
4-benzoylphenylalanine: structure in first source; do not confuse with N-benzoylphenylalanine		2.0610
glycylhistidine
glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.4420dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		3.7100ammonium ion derivative
chloralose
Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.		2.0210
aminomethyltransferase
Aminomethyltransferase: A one-carbon group transferase that transfers lipoamide-linked methylamine groups to tetrahydrofolate (TETRAHYDROFOLATES) to form methylenetetrahydrofolate and AMMONIA. It is one of four components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.		2.2510
alpha-trifluoromethylalanine
[no description available]		3.8100
7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)coumarin
7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)coumarin: substrate for cytochrome P450 2D6; structure in first source		7.0210
dioleoylphosphatidic acid
dioleoylphosphatidic acid: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidic acid : A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		2.01101,2-bis(octadec-9-enoyl)phosphatidic acid
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		9.27342phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2,5-diketogluconate
2,5-diketogluconate: RN given refers to calcium salt. 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate : Conjugate base of 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconic acid.		2.01102-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.0410biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
s 1743
Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.		4.5122magnesium saltanti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
gs-7340
tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		23.364261266-aminopurines;
ether;
isopropyl ester;
L-alanine derivative;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
s-nitrosocysteine
S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.		7.4320L-cysteine derivative;
nitrosothio compound		hematologic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone
clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone: active metabolite of lactacystin; inhibits 20 S proteasome; structure in first source		210
birt 377
[no description available]		210
bay 58-2667
BAY 58-2667: activates guanylyl cyclase; structure in first source. cinaciguat : A benzoic acid that is 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid in which the amino group is substituted by 4-carboxybutyl and 2-(2-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)benzyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl groups. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, used for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.		2.0210aromatic ether;
benzoic acids;
dicarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
dolastatin 10
dolastatin 10: from mollusk Dolabella auricularia; contains four amino acids, dolavaline, dolaisoleucine, dolaproine, valine and the primary amine dolaphenine; deo-dolastatin 10 is a new dolastatin 10 chiral derivative with MW of 784. dolastatin 10 : A tetrapeptide that is isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia. It is a potent anticancer agent which inhibits tubulin polymerization.		2.41201,3-thiazoles;
tetrapeptide		animal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
marine metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
biie 0246
BIIE 0246: a neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0110
n,n'-((5-(2-amino-5-(2-methylpropyl)-4-thiazolyl)-2-furanyl)phosphinylidene)bis(alanine) diethyl ester
N,N'-((5-(2-amino-5-(2-methylpropyl)-4-thiazolyl)-2-furanyl)phosphinylidene)bis(alanine) diethyl ester: structure in first source		5.36100
plitidepsin
plitidepsin: a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Aplidium albicans; has a pyruvoyl-proline residue instead of the lactyl-proline residue found in the linear peptide moiety of didemnin B. plitidepsin : A didemnin that is didemin B in which the hydroxy group of the 1-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-L-prolinamide moiety has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. It was originally isolated from the Mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans.		2.7620didemninanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
sappanone a
sappanone A: melanogenesis inhibitor from Caesalpinia sappan; structure in first source		2.4110
(s)-1-(4-methyl-1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-4-piperidylamino)acetyl-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile
(S)-1-(4-methyl-1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-4-piperidylamino)acetyl-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile: structure in first source		2.110
lenvatinib
lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.		2.3110aromatic amide;
aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist;
orphan drug;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
a 1899
A 1899: a TASK-1 potassium channel blocker; structure in first source		2.0610
midostaurin
midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.		2.3820benzamides;
gamma-lactam;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
seryl-leucyl-isoleucyl-glycyl--arginyl-leucinamide
seryl-leucyl-isoleucyl-glycyl--arginyl-leucinamide: a proteinase-activated receptor-2-activating peptide; SL-NH2 is NOT Ser-Leu-NH2 here		2.0110
flash-edt2
4',5'-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein: structure in first source		2.7430
davunetide
davunetide: AL-108 is a nasal systemic formulation; AL-208 is an intravenous formulation; associated with glial proteins regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide, are shown now to provide protective intervention in a model of fetal alcohol syndrome		2.1510oligopeptide
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		8.42300oligopeptide
18f-fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine
(18F)fluoroethyltyrosine: structure in first source		2.0810
flonicamid
flonicamid: an insecticide; structure in first source. flonicamid : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide substituted by a trifluoromethyl group at position 4 and a cyanomethyl group at the carbamoyl nitrogen atom.		7.4110nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
pyridinecarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
dysiherbaine
dysiherbaine: an exitotoxic amino acid; structure in first source. dysiherbaine : A furopyran that is (3aR,7aR)-hexahydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]pyran substituted by carboxy, (2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl, hydroxy and methylamino groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 7, respectively (the 2R,3aR,6S,7R,7aR-stereoisomer). A convulsant isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea that has high affinity for kainate ionotropic glutamate receptors.		6.16240amino dicarboxylic acid;
furopyran;
hydroxy carboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		animal metabolite;
excitatory amino acid agonist;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin
bay r3401
BAY R3401: prodrug for BAY W1807 for inhibition of glycogenolysis; structure in first source		2.0110
cp 91149
CP 91149: inhibits liver glycogen phosphorylase; structure in first source		2.0610
dc 107
leinamycin: a thiazole containing macrolide characterized by an unusual 1,3-dioxo-1,2-dithiolane moiety that is spiro fused to an 18 member macrolactam ring; isolated from Streptomyces; MF C22-H26-N2-O6-S3; possible DNA alkylator; the leinamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces atroolivaceus S-140 consists of two polyketide synthases genes		2.0310dithiolanes
cgp 71683 a
CGP 71683 A: selective NPY Y(5) receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0110
(S)-nadifloxacin
levonadifloxacin: broad-spectrum anti-MRSA benzoquinolizine quinolone agent		5.4741nadifloxacin
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		3.0650organic molecular entity
fluticasone furoate
fluticasone furoate: a glucocorticoid; structure in first source. fluticasone furoate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a 2-furoyl substituent at position 17. Used in combination with vilanterol trifenate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.251011beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
prodrug
flag peptide
FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.		2.7230peptide
cyazofamid
cyazofamid: a fungicide; structure in first source. cyazofamid : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying dimethylsulfamyl, cyano, chloro and 4-tolyl substituents at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively. A fungicide used mainly for controlling Oomycete and Plasmodiophora diseases on potatoes and tomatoes. It is a skin and eye irritant and is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.		2.7830imidazole fungicide;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
organochlorine compound;
sulfamides;
sulfonamide fungicide		antifungal agrochemical;
mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor
tryprostatin b
tryprostatin B: isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. tryprostatin B : A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at position 2 on the indole ring by a prenyl group.		7.0110dipeptide;
indole alkaloid;
indoles;
pyrrolopyrazine
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		6.22331aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
ticagrelor
Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.		4.5111aryl sulfide;
hydroxyether;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
triazolopyrimidines		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		3.8430dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin
dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin: an NF-kappaB inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
pexacerfont
[no description available]		2.0710pyrazolopyridine
dapagliflozin
[no description available]		2.5720aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
hmr 1556
HMR 1556: an I(Ks) channel blocker; structure in first source		2.0310
10,10-bis((2-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)methyl)-9(10h)-anthracenone
DMP 543: neurotransmitter release enhancer; structure given in first source		2.2510anthracenes
mart-1 antigen
MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.		2.5220
a 304121
4-((3-(4-(2-aminopropanoyl)-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)phenyl)cyclopropylmethanone: InChIKey: GTMGELLVPUSBMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N		2.0110
antiflammin p2
antiflammin P2: nonapeptide fragment of lipocortin I; has no phospholipase A2 inhibitory & anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		1.9710
es-285
spisulosine: from marine organism, Spisula polynyma; structure in first source. 1-deoxysphinganine : A bioactive sphingoid, sphinganine, in which the terminal hydroxy group has been replaced by a hydrogen.		7.6152amino alcohol;
sphingoid		antineoplastic agent
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.3110N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
cediranib
[no description available]		3.1810aromatic ether
zeolites
[no description available]		2.5420
2-iodophenyl-(1-(1-methylpiperidin-2-ylmethyl)-1h-indol-3-yl)methanone
2-iodophenyl-(1-(1-methylpiperidin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone: a CB1 cannabinoid receptor radioligand; structure in first source		2.0310
ubiquinol
ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.		210polyprenylhydroquinone;
ubiquinol		biomarker;
metabolite
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		2.3920alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		2.9940
chf 5074
1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluoro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: a beta-amyloid(1-42) lowering agent; structure in first source		2.830
2-phenylbenzothiazole
PBT2 compound: a metal-protein-attenuating compound that may be useful in treating Alzheimer's disesae		3.3510
bicuculline methochloride
bicuculline methochloride: guaternary analog of bicuculline; specific GABA antagonist in spinal cord; structure		1.9610
2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane
2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane: used in PET and SPECT imaging of dopamine transporters; structure in first source		2.1710
deltorphin i, ala(2)-
deltorphin I, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors		210peptide
methionine sulfoxide
methionine sulfoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-methionine (R)-S-oxide : The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.		2.9140amino acid zwitterion;
L-methionine S-oxide		Escherichia coli metabolite
candicidin
Candicidin: Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component.. candicidin D : A 38-membered ring lactone containing seven (E)-double bonds between positions 22 and 35 and substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11, 13, 17 and 19, oxo groups at positions 3, 7 and 15, a carboxy group at position 18, a 3-amino-3,6-dideoxymannopyranosyloxy group at position 21, a methyl group at position 36 and a 7-(4-aminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-oxoheptan-2-yl group at position 37. It is the major component of candicidin, a mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus.. candicidin : A mixture of the antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. It is composed of candicidins A, B, C and D, with candicidin D being the major component. Candicidin is active against some fungi of the genus Candida, and has been used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.		2.3620macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal drug;
bacterial metabolite
fmrfamide
FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)		2.0410
pamamycin-607
pamamycin-607: structure in first source		1.9610
cystathionine
Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.		4.46230cysteine derivative
apilimod
[no description available]		2.2510
2-amino-4-boronobutanoic acid
2-amino-4-boronobutanoic acid: structure in first source		210
vitamin u
Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.0310methyl-L-methionine;
sulfonium betaine
ly 379268
LY 379268: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source. LY 379268 : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 4R, 4R and 6R, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 (EC50 = 2.69 nM and 4.48 nM, respectively) that exhibits antipsychotic-like action in animal models of schizophrenia.		2.4920amino dicarboxylic acid;
bridged compound;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
homocarnosine
homocarnosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. homocarnosine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.		7.6530dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
homocarnosine;
L-histidine derivative;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite
superstolide a
superstolide A: isolated from the deep water sponge Neosiphonia superstes; made up of a decalin system fused with a 16-membered macrolide; structure given in first source		2.4220
fistularin 3
fistularin 3: structure given in first source; isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina archeri		2.0210
betrixaban
betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.		2.1710benzamides;
guanidines;
monochloropyridine;
monomethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		11.19500
agosterol a
agosterol A: from marine sponge Spongia sp.		2.0110
alpha-monofluoromethyldopa
alpha-monofluoromethyldopa: structure given in third source; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9510
2-furoyl-ligrlo-amide
2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide: a potent and selective proteinase-activated receptor 2 agonist		2.0610
fenamidone
fenamidone: a fungicide against downy mildew; structure in first source. fenamidone : A member of the class of imidazolones that is 3,5-dihydroimidazol-4-one substituted at position 2 by a methylthiogroup, at position 3 by an anilino group and at position 5 by phenyl and methyl groups (the S-enantiomer). A fungicide effective against Oomycete diseases such as downy mildew and certain leaf spot diseases.		2.1710carbohydrazide;
imidazole fungicide;
imidazolone;
organic sulfide		antifungal agrochemical;
mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor;
quinone outside inhibitor
halipeptin a
halipeptin A: 17-membered cyclic depsipeptide		2.0310
galidesivir
[no description available]		5.4160
bacilysin
bacilysin: structure. bacilysin : A non-ribosomally synthesised dipeptide that consists of L-alanyl and anticapsin units linked by a peptide bond.		3.6190
exel-7647
tesevatinib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by (3,4-dichloro-2-fluorophenyl)amino, methoxy, and [(3aR,5r,6aS)-2-methyloctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-5-yl]methoxy groups at positions 4, 6 and 7, respectively. It is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR, ErbB2, KDR, Flt4 and EphB4 and exhibits anti-cancer properties.		2.3110
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		11.99320
methylenomycin a
methylenomycin A: from Streptomyces; RN in Chemline for methylenomycin B: 52775-77-6; RN given refers to (1S-(1alpha,2alpha,5alpha))-isomer		1.9910
trienomycin a
trienomycin A: isolated from Streptomyces sp. No. 83-16; related to ansamycin antibiotics; active against hepatoma cells in vitro; MW 622; MF C36-H50-N2-O7		3.87120
ucn 1028 c
calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides		2.4320
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		5410D-ribose;
ribopyranose
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		5.09170alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lactulose
Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.		2.420
mefenoxam
metalaxyl-M : A methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate that is the more active R-enantiomer of metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.		4.95330acylamino acid fungicide;
anilide fungicide;
D-alanine derivative;
methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate		agrochemical
fluopicolide
fluopicolide: structure in first source. fluopicolide : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methylamine. A fungicide used for the control of a range of diseases including downy mildew and blight.		2.3110benzamide fungicide;
benzamides;
dichlorobenzene;
monochloropyridine;
organofluorine compound		antifungal agrochemical
regorafenib
[no description available]		3.1910(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ethaboxam
ethaboxam: a fungicide; structure in first source. ethaboxam : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-ethaboxam. A fungicide used to control Oomycetes in vines and late potato blight. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic species, honey bees and earthworms.. N-[cyano(2-thienyl)methyl]-4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide : A member of the class of aromatic amides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid with the amino group of amino(2-thienyl)acetonitrile.		2.31101,3-thiazoles;
aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
nitrile;
secondary amino compound;
thiophenes
radezolid
[no description available]		2.4110
abt-737
[no description available]		2.5420aromatic amine;
aryl sulfide;
biphenyls;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
brivanib
[no description available]		20.47118aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoroindole;
pyrrolotriazine;
secondary alcohol		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
brimonidine tartrate
Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		1.9910
fumiquinazoline a
fumiquinazoline A: structure in first source. fumiquinazoline A : A fumiquinazoline that consists of imidazoindole and pyrazinoquinazoline units connected by a methylene group.		2.0610fumiquinazoline;
imidazoindole;
pyrazinoquinazoline
begacestat
[no description available]		2.0810
chlorantranilipole
chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.		2.6920monochlorobenzenes;
organobromine compound;
pyrazole insecticide;
pyrazoles;
pyridines;
secondary carboxamide		ryanodine receptor agonist
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		2.6530nystatins
mandipropamid
mandipropamid: effective against the economically important phytopathogens Phytophthora infestans (potato and tomato late blight) and Plasmopara viticola (grape downy mildew). mandipropamid : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mandipropamid. An agricultural fungicide, it is used to control late blight and downy mildew in many salad, vegetable and fruit crops.. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-{2-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]ethyl}-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)acetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the condensation of the carboxy group of p-chloromandelic acid propargyl ether with the amino group of 2-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]ethylamine.		2.6320aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
terminal acetylenic compound
bms-663068
fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source		2.3110
bms-690514
[no description available]		2.0810
Dihydrotanshinone I
dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae		2.3110abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
neodysiherbaine a
neodysiherbaine A: an exitotoxic amino acid; structure in first source. neodysiherbaine A : A furopyran that is (3aR,7aR)-hexahydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]pyran substituted by carboxy, (2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl, hydroxy and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 7, respectively (the 2R,3aR,6R,7R,7aR-stereoisomer). A convulsant isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea.		3.74100amino dicarboxylic acid;
diol;
furopyran;
hydroxy carboxylic acid		animal metabolite;
excitatory amino acid agonist;
marine metabolite
pyrazolone
pyrazolone: non-steroid antirheumatic agent. pyrazolone : A member of the class of pyrazoles in which one of the carbons of the pyrazole ring is substituted by an oxo group.		7.0210
monomethyl auristatin e
[no description available]		7.1510
anacetrapib
[no description available]		2.2510
mrk 560
MRK 560: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; MRK-560 is the (cis)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710
cyantraniliprole
cyantraniliprole: an insecticide; structure in first source. cyantraniliprole : A carboxamide that is chlorantraniliprole in which the chlorine atom attached to the phenyl ring has been replaced by a cyano group. A ryanodine receptor agonist, it is used as insecticide for the control of whitefly, thrips, aphids, fruitflies, and fruit worms in crops such as onions, potatoes and tomatoes. It is highly toxic to honeybees.		2.2510nitrile;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazole insecticide;
pyridines;
secondary carboxamide		ryanodine receptor agonist
veratridine
Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.		6.190
crizotinib
Crizotinib: A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that has R configuration at the chiral centre. The active enantiomer, it acts as a kinase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)		2.15103-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amineantineoplastic agent;
biomarker;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
correolide
correolide: from Costa Rican tree, Spachea correae; selectively inhibits voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 in human T lymphocytes by membrane depolarization		210hydroxy steroid
ubp296
UBP296: potent and selective kainate receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.9640alpha-amino acid
n-(2-(1,1'-bicyclopropyl)-2-ylphenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide
N-(2-(1,1'-bicyclopropyl)-2-ylphenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide: sedaxane is the (trans)-isomer; structure in first source. sedaxane : A diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of the two possible cis-isomers as well as the two possible trans-isomers of sedaxane. Used in seed treatment for the control of pathogens such as Ascomycetes and Oomycetes species in crops such as fruit and wheat.. N-{2-[1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1pyrazole-4-carboxamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-[1,1'-bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]aniline.		2.1510aromatic amide;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
ring assembly
avrainvillamide
avrainvillamide: from Aspergillus sp.; structure in first source		2.03101-benzopyran
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		3.5280
hypoglycin a
hypoglycin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hypoglycin A : A diastereoisomeric mixture of (2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)- hypoglycin A, found in the edible part of the fruit of the Ackee, Blighia sapida (where the 2S,4R diastereoisomer is more dominant (17% d.e.) than its 2S,4S counterpart) as well as in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus).		3.0550L-alpha-amino acid
anticapsin
anticapsin: biologically active metabolite of Streptomyces griseoplanus; structure. anticapsin : An alanine derivative that is L-alanine bearing a 5-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-yl substituent at position 3.		4140alicyclic ketone;
epoxide;
L-alanine derivative;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.6.1.16 (glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing)) inhibitor
alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc
Sialyl Lewis X Antigen: A sialylated version of Lewis X antigen expressed on cell surfaces. It is a ligand for SELECTINS.. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc : A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a sialyl residue, linked (2->3) to a galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to a glucosaminyl residue, which is also carrying a fucosyl residue at the 3-position.		2.420amino tetrasaccharide;
glucosamine oligosaccharide		epitope
empagliflozin
[no description available]		2.1710aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
tetrahydrofuryl ether		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
octanoylcarnitine
octanoylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-octanoyl-L-carnitine : The L-enantiomer of an O-octanoylcarnitine.		2.3110O-octanoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite
palmitoylcarnitine
Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).		2.0210O-palmitoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate drug combination
Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of emtricitabine and tenofovir that is used as an ANTI-HIV AGENT in the treatment and prevention of HIV INFECTIONS.		5.9261
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		5.45120benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		10.05190
ferryl iron
[no description available]		2.0310
valeryl-coenzyme a
pentanoyl-CoA : A short-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of pentanoic acid.		2.1710short-chain fatty acyl-CoA
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		9.11160
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		7.41201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		3.0650
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		5.41200
virginiamycin
Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.		2.3720
benzoyl-ile-glu-gly-arg-p-nitroanilide
benzoyl-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide: p-nitroanilide deriv of portion of peptide sequence in prothrombin molecule cleaved by Factor X		1.9610
cyclohexylalanine
cyclohexylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.580
pyrostatin a
pyrostatin A: inhibits N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source. 5-hydroxyectoine : A carboxamidine heterocycle which is obtained by formal condensation of 4-amino-L-allothreonine with acetic acid.		2101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
iminium betaine;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol
pyriprole
pyriprole: used to treat tick infestation		2.110pyrazoles;
ring assembly
resorcinarene
resorcinarene: structure in first source		2.5220
thienopyridine
thienopyridine: patients were treated with thienopyridine after percutaneous coronary intervention; Antiplatelet Agents. thienopyridine : Any organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton results from the formal ortho-fusion of any bond of a pyridine with any bond of a thiophene.		2.1110
tyvelose
tyvelose: see also records for paratose & colitose; RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.1110
enerbol
Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)		2.3620
rifamycins
[no description available]		2.6930
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		4.52250
erythrosine
Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.		1.9910
mefloquine
Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		2.4110
carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine
carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine: carboxylic analog of 3-deazaadenosine		1.9710
ants
Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)		2.1310
beta-3-oxindolylalanine
beta-3-oxindolylalanine: main intermediate in tryptophan degration occurring in acid hydrolysis of protein		2.3320
ulipristal
ulipristal: a progestins antagonist		3.411020-oxo steroid
ammonium citrate
[no description available]		2.3420ammonium salt;
citrate salt		buffer;
food emulsifier
calcium ascorbate
calcium ascorbate: various prepartions exist for drugs listed under this heading		2.1710
maltoheptaose
maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.		210maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
5'-sulfamoyl-2-chloroadenosine
5'-sulfamoyl-2-chloroadenosine: structure given in first source		1.9610
ascamycin
ascamycin: from a Streptomyces species; structure given in first source		1.9610
4-nitrophenyl-n,n',n'',n''',n''''-pentaacetyl-beta-chitopentaoside
4-nitrophenyl-N,N',N'',N''',N''''-pentaacetyl-beta-chitopentaoside: synthetic substrate for the colorimetric assay of lysozyme; structure given in first source		1.9810
cysteinyldopa
Cysteinyldopa: Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore used in the diagnosis of melanoma and for the detection of postoperative metastases. Cysteinyldopa is believed to be formed by the rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-S-glutathionedopa found in melanin-producing cells.		2.4520catecholamine;
zwitterion
nodularin
nodularin: cyclic pentapeptide toxin from NODULARIA SPUMIGENA		210ether
ureidoglycine
ureidoglycine: structure in first source		2.0510
furosine
[no description available]		2.1710alpha-amino acid
thiacalix(4)arene
thiacalix(4)arene: structure in first source		2.110
icatibant
icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.		3.0950
xestoaminol c
xestoaminol C: a metabolite of Fiji sponge, Xestospongia sp.; structure in first source. 1-deoxytetradecasphinganine : A sphingoid that is tetradecasphinganine in which the terminal hydroxy group has been replaced by a hydrogen.		2.0110amino alcohol;
sphingoid		metabolite
jaw
[no description available]		2.0210indolecarboxamide
s-adenosylethionine
[no description available]		2.0110
homopropargylglycine
homopropargylglycine: structure in first source		8.82100
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		9.061850organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desmosine
Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.		2.6530aromatic amino acid
vonoprazan
1-(5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine: a proton pump inhibitor; structure in first source		3.5911pyrroles
rabacfosadine
rabacfosadine: has potent antineoplastic activity in dogs with spontaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; structure in first source		7.97133
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		4.87330
chaetominine
chaetominine: a cytotoxic alkaloid produced by endophytic Chaetomium sp.; structure in first source. chaetominine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that consists of 4,5,5a,9c-tetrahydro-3H-2a,9b-diazacyclopenta[jk]fluorene-1,3(2H)-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl group at position 4 (the 2S,4R,5aS,9cS stereoisomer). It is a cytotoxic alkaloid isolated from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium.		2.1710indole alkaloid;
lactam;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
quinazolines		metabolite
calcitonin
[no description available]		6.9710
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		3.2560
ramoplanin a2
ramoplanin A2: macrocyclic depsipeptide		7.0310polyol
tyrocidine
Tyrocidine: An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.. tyrocidine A : A homodetic cyclic decapeptide consisting of D-Phe, L-Pro, L-Phe, D-Phe, L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Tyr, L-Val, L-Orn, and L-Leu residues coupled in sequence and cyclised head-to-tail.. tyrocidine : A mixtue of homodetic cyclic decapeptides produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus brevis.		2.8640homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
peptide antibiotic		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite
nosiheptide
nosiheptide: from Streptomyces actuosus; structure		7.7220polyol
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		9.04150
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		1.9510oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
motilin
Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.		2.0110
dynorphins
Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.		3.4170
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		6.67300polypeptide
tachyplesin peptide, tachypleus tridentatus
tachyplesin peptide, Tachypleus tridentatus: isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus); cationic peptide; 17 amino acid residues given in first source		2.4120
subtilin
subtilin: a linear type A lantibiotic; peptide produced by Bacillus subtilis; structure given in first source		2.0410
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		210
t140 peptide
T140 peptide: a strong anti-hiv agent; amino acid sequence in first source		2.0110
hirugen
hirugen: amino acid sequence given in first source		2.420
cys(11)-cys(15)-endothelin-1 (11-21)
Cys(11)-Cys(15)-endothelin-1 (11-21): antagonist of endothelin B receptor		1.9810
hen egg lysozyme peptide (46-61)
[no description available]		1.9710
shaker b inactivating peptide
Shaker B inactivating peptide: amino acid sequence given in first source; inhibits K and Ca channel activity; also blocks cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels		2.0710
hes1 protein, human
HES1 protein, human: RefSeq NM_005524		2.0510
glycoprotein e2, hepatitis c virus
glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus: RN refers to quasispecies 4E; amino acid sequence known; caution: HCV also stands for hog cholera virus		2.7330
ro 25-1553
Ro 25-1553: a cyclic peptide analog and agonist of vasoactive intestinal peptide; a VPAC(2) receptor agonist; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0110
humanin
humanin: suppresses neuronal cell death induced by the Swedish mutant of amyloid precursor protein; suppresses neuronal cell death induced by three different types of FAD genes and amyloid beta; amino acid sequence in first source		2.4220
nociceptin
[no description available]		2.4320organic molecular entity;
polypeptide		human metabolite;
rat metabolite
protegrin-1
protegrin-1: GenBank X84094		2.730
alamethicin
Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.7130
fibrinopeptide b
Fibrinopeptide B: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin. Each peptide chain contains 20 amino acid residues. The removal of fibrinopeptides B is not required for coagulation.		3.2660
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas		4.2911
galanin (1-16)
galanin (1-16): N-terminal fragment of galanin; agonist at the hippocampal galanin receptor		210
am336
AM336: calcium channel blocker and antihyperalgesia agent; isolated from the venom of the cone snail, Conus catus		2.0710
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		5.31131
gramicidin a
Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.		4.84340
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		18.2346425peptide hormone
mast cell degranulating peptide
mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges		2.7130
big gastrin
big gastrin: isolated from Zollinger-Ellison syndrome gastrinomas & hog antral mucosa; have encountered tetratricontapeptide & nonadecapeptide gastrin; big-big gastrin significantly higher in patients with duodenal ulcers; big gastrin refers gastrin which has a longer peptide chain than the normal heptadecapeptide gastrin		2.0410
gardimycin
gardimycin: a globular type B lantibiotic; from actinoplanes		1.9810
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		2.8910
emerimicins
Peptaibols: A group of peptides characterized by length of 1-2 dozen residues with a high proportion of them being non-proteinogenic, notably alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and isovaline, and have a C-terminal amino alcohol and N terminal alkyl group. They are found in FUNGI and some are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. They form channels or pores in target organisms. The term is a contraction of peptide-Aib-alcohol.		3.0340
anthopleurin b
[no description available]		2.0110
sauvagine
sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues		2.4420
thymosin beta(4)
thymosin beta(4): biological active peptide present in thymosin fractions 5 & 5A; participates in the regulation, differentiation & function of thymus-derived lymphocytes & may also act directly or indirectly on macrophages & other cells involved in cell-mediated immunity		1.9710
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		8.580
lantibiotic pep5
lantibiotic Pep5: from staphylococcus epidermidis 5; antibiotic with membrane-disruptive action; induces autolysis in staphylococci		1.9710
conotoxin gv
conotoxin GV: NMDA antagonist from Conus geographus		2.4320
ularitide
Ularitide: a 32-amino acid peptide derived from (95-126 residues) of ANP PROHORMONE (1-126 residues); not biologically inactivated by a peptidase from dog kidney cortex membranes		1.9810
s6c sarafotoxin
sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor		1.9810
echistatin
echistatin: 49 amino acid residues given in first source; from the venom of the viper Echis		2.0310
eristostatin
eristostatin: disintegrin from venom of Eristocophis macmahoin; inhibits platelet thromboembolism & protects animal from sudden death		7.4320
lactoferricin b
lactoferricin B: amino acid sequence given in first source		2.1310
angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.		3.4270
astressin
astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.		2.0310homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide		corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist;
neuroprotective agent
m40
[no description available]		1.9910
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		2.8740
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		7.22490
anticodon
Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.		11.52250
liraglutide
[no description available]		2.4110lipopeptide;
polypeptide		glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
ziconotide
ziconotide: amino acid sequence in first source; from venom of South Pacific sea cone snail, Conus magus; calcium channel blocker; administered by injection into Cerebrospinal Fluid; Prialt is synthetic form. omega-conotoxin MVIIA : A heterodetic cyclic polypeptide consisting of the linear sequence Cys-Lys-Gly-Lys-Gly-Ala-Lys-Cys-Ser-Arg-Leu-Met-Tyr-Asp-Cys-Cys-Thr-Gly-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-NH2 with three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 1-16, 8-20 and 15-25. A neuronal N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker in mammalian and amphibian brain, it blocks release of GABA and glutamate at neuronal synapses. Used as a probe for calcium channel receptors, it is selective for different receptor subtypes. A synthetic form, named ziconotide, is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain.		1.9910
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		6.37141
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		2.0210polypeptide
angiotensinogen
angiotensinogen (1-14): Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-Ser; MW 1759; human = Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-Asn		2.0210
oritavancin
oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.		3.9330disaccharide derivative;
glycopeptide;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
insulin detemir
Insulin Detemir: A recombinant long-acting insulin and hypoglycemic agent in which a MYRISTIC ACID is conjugated to a LYSINE at position B29. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.		4.1331
conantokin-t
conantokin-T: from cone snail Conus tulipa; a 21-amino acid peptide which induces sleep-like symptoms in young mice; has N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist activity; amino acid sequence given in first source		210
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha-
[no description available]		2.1310polypeptidedermatologic drug
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		15.687413
gastrin 17
gastrin-17 : One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		2.0410gastrinantineoplastic agent
natriuretic peptide, c-type
Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.		1.9910
ristocetin
Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.		3.0650glycopeptide;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
tetrasaccharide derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		7.73521glycoside
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		3.580
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		5.516701,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside
Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.		2.3520
divalinal-angiotensin iv
divalinal-angiotensin IV: AT4 receptors antagonist		2.0810
vx-770
ivacaftor: a CFTR potentiator; structure in first source. ivacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.		2.1710aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
phenols;
quinolone		CFTR potentiator;
orphan drug
4-hydroxy-4-(indol-3-ylmethyl)glutamic acid
4-hydroxy-4-(indol-3-ylmethyl)glutamic acid: structure in first source		2.0210alpha-amino acid
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		3.87120chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
lumacaftor
lumacaftor: a corrector of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CTFR); structure in first source. lumacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid with the aromatic amino group of 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.		2.2510aromatic amide;
benzodioxoles;
benzoic acids;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines		CFTR potentiator;
orphan drug
phenylmercuric acetate
Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.		2.4120arylmercury compound;
benzenes
4-aminophenylmercuriacetate
4-aminophenylmercuriacetate: covalently linked to agarose for purification of FAD & COA with chromatography		2.4120
vendex
Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.		2.0110organotin acaricide
dihydroceramide
dihydroceramide: lacks the 4-5 trans double bond of the sphingosine moiety of ceramides; structure in first source. N-acylsphinganine : A ceramide consisting of sphinganine in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a fatty acyl group.. dihydroceramide : An N-acylsphingoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any dihydrosphingoid base.		2.5420
adenosine kinase
Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.		2.6830
hoe 33342
bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye		2.0110
sodium salicylate
[no description available]		1.9410organic molecular entity
sphingosine kinase
[no description available]		2.4120
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		4.6990
n-formylglycinamide
N-formylglycinamide: structure in first source		2.0510
ethyl glucuronide
ethyl glucuronide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (BETA-D)-isomer. ethyl glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the ethyl derivative of beta-D-glucuronic acid.		2.0410beta-D-glucosiduronic acidhuman urinary metabolite
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		8.72100
sodium cyanoborohydride
sodium cyanoborohydride: reagent for preparing biologically active nitroxides		1.9810
arphamenine a
arphamenine A: from Chromobacterium violaceum; structure given in second source		2.0210
lucifer yellow
lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt		1.9710organic lithium saltfluorochrome
dodecyl 2-(n,n-dimethylamino)propionate
dodecyl 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)propionate: a transdermal penetration enhancer; RN refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.72100
4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose
4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose: structure in first source		7.0810
silicate cement
Silicate Cement: A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)		2.4110
chitosan
[no description available]		3.92110
2-(2'-carboxy-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine
2-(2'-carboxy-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine: structure in first source		2.420
septide
[no description available]		2.0110
mycosporine-2-glycine
mycosporine-2-glycine: structure in first source		2.0310
cmx 157
hexadecyloxypropyl 9-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl)adenine: an anti-HIV and anti-hepatitis B agent; structure in first source		2.5920
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		1.9510organosulfonic acid
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		4.482403',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
tert-butoxide, potassium
[no description available]		2.0710
sodium hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.		2.6630inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		2.0310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
raltegravir potassium
Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.		3.6620
(7,7-azo-3,12-dihydroxy-5-cholan-24-oyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid
(7,7-azo-3,12-dihydroxy-5-cholan-24-oyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid: photolabile bile acid derivative		1.9610
lactisole
lactisole: structure in first source		3.8120
stearates
Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.		2.0210
sodium glutamate
Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.		5.62181monosodium glutamateflavouring agent
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.3110
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for Na salt		2.9340
sodium ethylxanthate
Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.		1.9410
mersalyl
Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.		2.3720
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination
Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.		3.3510
chiniofon
Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.		5.27120
quinupristin-dalfopristin
quinupristin-dalfopristin: RP 59500 is a combination of RP 57669 & RP 54476, which are water soluble derivatives of pristinamycin IA & pristinamycin IIB, respectively		2.0110organic molecular entity
thiostrepton
Thiostrepton: One of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.. thiostrepton : A heterodetic cyclic peptide, in which the cyclisation step involves a formal lactonisation between the carboxy group of a quinaldic acid-based residue and a secondary alcohol. An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Also acts as an antitumor agent.		3.1750
hygromycin b
[no description available]		2.4220
picrotoxinin
picrotoxinin: toxic component of PICROTOXIN; structure; noncompetitive antagonist of ionotropic GABA-A receptors. picrotoxinin : A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.		1.9810
methyl jasmonate
[no description available]		2.0310
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		4.39210organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmuramic acid
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate(3-) : A UDP-N-acetyl-D-muramate(3-) in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration.		6.01210UDP-N-acetylmuramate(3-)
phosphatidylcholines
1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 36:1 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are stearoyl and oleoyl respectively.		2.31101-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine;
1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
valbenazine
valbenazine: inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2); used to treat tardive dyskinesia; structure in first source		2.1710
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		4.87360
canagliflozin
canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.		2.1710C-glycosyl compound;
organofluorine compound;
thiophenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate
2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record		2.7130C-nitro compound;
spiroketal		antagonist
florbetapir f 18
florbetapir: a PET agent for Abeta plaques; structure in first source. florbetapir F-18 : An aromatic ether consisting of a pyridine ring substituted at position 2 by a 2-{2-[2-((18)F)fluoroethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy group and at position 5 and a 2-(4-methylaminophenyl)vinyl group. A positron emission tomography imaging ligand for the detection of amyloid aggregation associated with Alzheimer disease.		2.1510(18)F radiopharmaceutical;
aromatic ether;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline		radioactive imaging agent
insulin, isophane
Insulin, Isophane: An intermediate-acting INSULIN preparation with onset time of 2 hours and duration of 24 hours. It is produced by crystallizing ZINC-insulin-PROTAMINES at neutral pH 7. Thus it is called neutral protamine Hagedorn for inventor Hans Christian Hagedorn.		1.9910
intrinsic factor
Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.		1.9410
1229u91
1229U91: a selective neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4120
albiflorin
albiflorin: glucoside in peony roots. albiflorin : A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.		2.0810benzoate ester;
beta-D-glucoside;
bridged compound;
gamma-lactone;
monoterpene glycoside;
secondary alcohol		neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
navitoclax
[no description available]		2.3110aryl sulfide;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
piperazines;
secondary amino compound;
sulfone;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		8.5790
belactosin a
belactosin A: isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source		7.7230
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		2.1110BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		2.6330
rimorphin
rimorphin: tridecapeptide NH2-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gln-Phe-Lys-Val-Val-Thr-COOH from bovine posterior pituitary gland; major leucine enkephalin containing peptide in tissue that contains dynorphin & alpha-neo-endorphin		2.1510
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		210peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
nonaarginine
[no description available]		2.0210
fibrinopeptide a
Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.		3.2660
systemin
systemin: amino acid sequence given in first source; a mobile 18 amino acid polypeptide, induces proteinase inhibitor synthesis; from Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato)		2.0110
compstatin
compstatin: binds to complement 3; amino acid sequence in first source		3.5420
atrial natriuretic factor (4-23)nh2, de-gln(18)-de-ser(19)-de-gly(20,22)-de-leu(21)-
[no description available]		2.3820
conotoxin gi
conotoxin GI: highly toxic; from venom of marine snail Conus geographus; amino acid sequence given in first source		7.1710
incb-018424
[no description available]		4.5930nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin
3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin: structure in first source		2.0210
mannans
[no description available]		3.8230
cobicistat
[no description available]		16.4959261,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
bms-790052
daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.		3.9230biphenyls;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
imidazoles;
valine derivative		antiviral drug;
nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
alexa fluor 546
Alexa fluor 546: a fluorescent dye		2.4820organic heteropentacyclic compoundfluorochrome
nitrogenase
Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.		4.2170
thiopeptin
[no description available]		210
tetrahydrozoline
2-methylserine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylserine zwitterion : An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 2-methylserine; major species at pH 7.3. 2-methylserine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is serine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
hydroxy-amino acid
p-ethynylphenylalanine
p-ethynylphenylalanine: structure in first source		3.4270
pretyrosine
pretyrosine: RN given refers to (1(S)-cis)-isomer; structure. L-arogenate(1-) : Conjugate base of L-arogenic acid arising from deprotonation of the two carboxy groups and protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid anion
phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.		2.3720organic anion
3-phosphonopyruvate
3-phosphonatopyruvate(2-) : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy and one of the phosphonate OH groups of 3-phosphonopyruvic acid.		2.9140monocarboxylic acid anion
feglymycin
feglymycin: isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source		7.0810
n-arachidonoylalanine
N-arachidonoylalanine: inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase; structure in first source. N-arachidonoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-alanine with the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.4620N-(fatty acyl)-L-alpha-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-alanine		mammalian metabolite
peptones
Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)		3.1960
triiodothyronine, reverse
Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.		2103,3',5'-triiodothyronine;
amino acid zwitterion
cytochromes c1
Cytochromes c1: The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p545)		210
5,15-dihydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
[no description available]		2.0210
2,3-dihydrotryptophan
2,3-dihydrotryptophan: RN given refers to L-isomer		2.6630
allatostatin protein, manduca sexta
allatostatin protein, Manduca sexta: inhibits juvenile hormone; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0310
glycolipids
[no description available]		10.83231
baricitinib
[no description available]		12.11195azetidines;
nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antirheumatic drug;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
quad pill
Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of the ANTI-HIV AGENTS elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS.		3.5120
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		10.26501
6-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-2-methylsulfinyl-5-thieno[3,4]pyrrolo[1,3-d]pyridazinone
ML-265: a small molecule activator of PKM2		2.4110organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
bryostatin 1
bryostatin 1: a protein kinase C activator; macrocyclic lactone from marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina; RN given refers to (1S*-(1R*,3R*,5Z,7S*,8E,11R*,12R*(2E,4E),13E,15R*,17S*(S*),21S*,23S*,25R*))-isomer; structure given in first source; activates protein kinase c. bryostatin 1 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.		1.9910
thymosin
Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.		7.3820
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		11.06271
GS-441524
[no description available]		7.49270aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
nitrile;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
drug metabolite
3-[[4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylsulfonyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]sulfonyl]aniline
[no description available]		2.4110benzenes;
sulfonamide
nocathiacin i
nocathiacin I: structure in first source		2.4220
culicinin d
culicinin D: an antitumor peptaibol produced by the fungus Culicinomyces clavisporus; structure in first source		7.2510
gs-9131
GS-9131: structure in first source		2.0310
grazoprevir
grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.		2.4110aromatic ether;
azamacrocycle;
carbamate ester;
cyclopropanes;
lactam;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
quinoxaline derivative		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent
4-fluoroglutamine
4-fluoroglutamine: a PET imaging agent		2.1710
halocidin
halocidin: antimicrobial peptide from hemocytes of the solitary tunicate, Halocynthia		2.0210
gx 15-070
obatoclax: a pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor potentially useful in treating mantle cell lymphoma		2.0610
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		2.3520
hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.		3.0310
sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		8.28111isopropyl ester;
L-alanyl ester;
nucleotide conjugate;
organofluorine compound;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
prodrug
phenylserine
phenylserine: structure in first source		6.9310
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		2.0510
2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate
[no description available]		210phospho sugar
pf 3084014
nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.		2.1710
kalata b1
kalata B1: a 29-residue cyclotide which has a cystine knot structure and beta-sheet; causes uterine contraction; the principal active component from Oldenlandia affinis; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0510
7-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol
7-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol: isolated from the stem bark of Taxus baccata; structure in first source		2.1510
gsk299423
GSK299423: structure in first source		2.3110
bisebromoamide
bisebromoamide: a potent cytotoxic peptide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.: structure in first source		7.1310
bms 708163
BMS 708163: structure in first source		4.1540oxadiazole;
ring assembly
methylmalonyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		210
fructose-1,6-diphosphate
fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer		4.18170
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.3520
isoquercitrin
[no description available]		210
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl.		2.42201,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)
3-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(6-(4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-methylurea
infigratinib: structure in first source. BGJ-398 : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group, while the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 6-{[4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl group. It is a potent and selective fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor.		3.2110aminopyrimidine;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
phenylureas		antineoplastic agent;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		8.94130
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		4.5451polypeptide
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		7.96850
heparitin sulfate
Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.		2.7630
neuromedin b
neuromedin B: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord		2.3920
trifloxystrobin
trifloxystrobin : The methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino)[2-({[(E)-{1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino]oxy}methyl)phenyl]acetic acid. A foliar applied fungicide for cereals which is particularly active against Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Oomycetes		2.0510
2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-4h-benzopyran-4-one
2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-4H-benzopyran-4-one: a substrate for fungal Melanin biosynthetic enzymes; structure in first source		2.0710
methylidene-imidazolone
methylidene-imidazolone: structure in first source		2.0110
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		8.99632ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
coumermycin
coumermycin: RN given refers to coumermycin A1; structure. coumermycin A1 : A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.		2.0310aromatic amide;
coumarins;
glycoside;
heteroarenecarboxylate ester;
pyrroles		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		2.6530carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		3.82120
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		3.1960
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		2.3420
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		3.75110monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		1.9910hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		7.4320benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		3.48111,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		2.0310heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-epianhydrotetracycline
4-epianhydrotetracycline: impurity in pahrmaceutical preparations of tetracycline; RN refers to (4S-(4alpha,4aalpha,12aalpha))-isomer		210
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		6.03360benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.3820hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
citrinin
Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.		2.0710
antimycin
[no description available]		210
streptolydigin
streptolydigin: antibiotic isolated from culture filtrates of Streptomyces lydicus; active against gram-postive bacteria except micrococci; minor descriptor (75-87); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search ANTIBIOTICS (75-87). streptolydigin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lydicus.		2.0810bridged compound;
cyclic ketal;
enol;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-glycosyl compound;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
pyrrolidinone;
spiro-epoxide		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor
dolutegravir
[no description available]		15.074124difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
GS-443902
GS-441524 triphosphate: intracellular active metabolite of remdesivir. GS-443902 : An organic triphosphate that is GS-441524 in which the 5'-hydroxy group has been replaced by a triphosphate group. It is the active metabolite of remdesivir.		4.5840aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
nitrile;
organic triphosphate;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
drug metabolite
nickel nitrilotriacetic acid
[no description available]		2.4420
mk 0641
MK 0641: combination of above cpds		1.9610
snx 230
omega-conotoxin-MVIIC: isolated from Conus magus; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.6930
toxin ii (anemonia sulcata)
toxin II (Anemonia sulcata): toxic polypeptide closely related to anthopleurin A with potent cardiac stimulant activity from Anemonia sulcata; do not confuse with altertoxin II which is also abbreviated ATX II		2.0410
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		4.88350
microcystin
microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.		3.1150peptide
gastrin-releasing peptide
Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.		3.0950
kaolinite
Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.		2.2110aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient
clay
Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.		3.2960
rhodostomin
rhodostomin: amino acid sequence given in first source; an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing polypeptide purified from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma		2.7130
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		5.16140
cgs 12066b
CGS 12066B: RN given for ((Z)-2-butenedioate (1:2))-salt (CGS 12066B); CGS 12066A is the (ethanedioate (1:2))-salt; structure given in first source. 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline dimaleate : A maleate salt that is the dimaleate salt of 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.		1.9810maleate saltprodrug;
serotonergic agonist
cyanophycin
[no description available]		2.0410
oxathiapiprolin
oxathiapiprolin: fungicide, structure in first source. 1-(4-{4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone : An N-acylpiperidine that is N-acetyl 4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine in which the thiazole ring is substituted at position 4 by a 5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the acetyl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl group.. oxathiapiprolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxathiapiprolin.		3.48601,3-thiazoles;
isoxazoline;
N-acylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
tertiary carboxamide
saxitoxin
Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.		1.9910alkaloid;
carbamate ester;
guanidines;
ketone hydrate;
paralytic shellfish toxin;
pyrrolopurine		cyanotoxin;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
sodium channel blocker;
toxin
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		2.6930ketal
mycobacillin
Mycobacillin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic isolated from culture filtrates of Bacillus subtilis that acts as an antifungal agent.		1.9310
pyrethrins
[no description available]		3.4670
silaproline
[no description available]		7.1310
ledipasvir
ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		5.2731azaspiro compound;
benzimidazole;
bridged compound;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
fluorenes;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816
velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.		2.4110carbamate ester;
ether;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ring assembly		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
plecanatide
plecanatide: A uroguanylin analog and guanylate cyclase (GC-C receptor) agonist that activates receptors on gut epithelial cells to maintain barrier function, mucus production, and suppress inflammation. It is used in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and other gastrointestinal disorders.		2.1710
epidermin
epidermin: a linear type A lantibiotic; tetracyclic 21-peptide amide antibiotic produced by Staphylococcus epidermis. epidermin : A type A lantibiotic that is a tetracyclic 21-amino-acid peptide which contains meso-lanthionine, 3-methyllanthionine, and S-(2-aminovinyl)-D-cysteine. It is obtained from Staphylococcus epidermidis Tue 3298 and exhibits antibiotic activity against many Gram-positive bacteria.		2.6730macrocycle;
type A lantibiotic		antibacterial agent;
metabolite
kiss1 protein, human
Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.		2.5320
timosaponin aiii
timosaponin AIII: nootropic agent from Anemarrhena asphodeloides; structure in first source		3.811
palau'amine
palau'amine: structure in first source		7.0410
maitotoxin
[no description available]		7.0110
selinexor
selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1		2.2510
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		4.35210
olivine
olivine: sand of primarily magnesium iron silicate, containing low levels of free silica; suggested as a less injurious substitute for silica quartz in foundries; RN in Chemline for unspecified composition: 1317-71-1		7.1510
hirudin
Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.		3.2460
2',3'-(o-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidine))adenosine 5'-diphosphate
2',3'-(O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidine))adenosine 5'-diphosphate: structure given in first source		2.0210
glutaminase
[no description available]		6.47440
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		3.470
alcohol oxidase
[no description available]		1.9910
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		9.02831
cellohexaose
D-cellohexaose : A hexasaccharide consisting of five beta-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.		210glucohexaose
pyrimorph
pyrimorph: an industrial fungicide; structure in first source. pyrimorph : An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of 3-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid with the amino group of morpholine. A fungicide developed in China, it shows high antifungal activity against diseases caused by Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, Peronophythora litchi, and Pseudoperonospora cubensis.		2.1710
nov 002
NOV 002: a 1000-to-1 mixture of glutathione disulfide and cisplatin that is used to increase efficacy of chemotherapy against advanced non-small cell lung cancer; modulates cellular redox balance		2.1710
gamma2-msh
gamma2-MSH: The 11-residue peptide that is without amidation.		2.4120
cefiderocol
cefiderocol: structure in first source. cefiderocol : A fourth-generation siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic having {1-[2-(2-chloro-3,4-dihydroxybenzamido)ethyl]pyrrolidinium-1-yl}methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively, developed to combat a variety of bacterial pathogens, including beta-lactam- and carbapenem-resistant organisms.		2.3110carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
siderophore
paenibacterin
paenibacterin: isolated from Paenibacillus		2.4110
albicidin
albicidin: partially characterized as a 38 carbon compound with several aromatic rings; from Xanthomonas albilineans; Albicidin blocked DNA synthesis in intact cells of a PolA- EndA- Escherichia coli strain; albicidin resistance gene (albB) from Alcaligenes denitrificans encodes a 23 kDa protein capable of detoxifying albicidin by reversible binding		2.8130
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		3.2160
mycotrienin ii
mycotrienin II: from Streptomyces rishiriensis; MF C36-H50-N2-O8; structure given in first source		2.3920
phthalocyanine
phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.		3.710phthalocyanines;
tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
duramycin
duramycin: from Streptomyces cinnamoneus; contains rare amino acids such as lanthionine & lysinoarginine. lancovutide : A 19-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide that is isolated from Streptoverticillium cinnamoneus. It exhibits antiproliferative properties and induces apoptosis in tumour cells and has been used for treatment of cystic fibrosis.		7.4220heterodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
6,6-dideuteroglucose
[no description available]		1.9610
3-amino-3,6-dideoxygalactose
[no description available]		2.0110
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		4.73310
bassianolide
bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.		2.9240cyclodepsipeptide;
cyclooctadepsipeptide		antineoplastic agent;
fungal metabolite;
insecticide
bictegravir
bictegravir: HIV Integrase Inhibitors. bictegravir : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1.		16.126732monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide;
trifluorobenzene		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
carboxypeptidase b
Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.		2.3920
indolicidin
[no description available]		2.1110
peptide yy
peptide YY (3-36): amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0510
glucagon-like peptide 2
Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis.		2.110
calpastatin
calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).		1.9710polypeptideEC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
conantokin r
conantokin R: isolated from Conus radiatus; amino acid sequence in first source		210
angiotensin i
Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.		3.72100angiotensin;
peptide zwitterion		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter agent
ascophyllum
Ascophyllum: A BROWN ALGAE closely related to FUCUS. It is found attached to rocks and boulders on the middle shore, primarily in the North Atlantic basin.		2.0710
cobamamide
cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.		210
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		3.0550
chloroeremomycin
chloroeremomycin: structure given in first source. chloroeremomycin : A complex glycopeptide antibiotic that is isolated from Amycolatopsis orientalis.. chloroeremomycin(2+) : An organic cation obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group and protonation of the three amino functions of chloroeremomycin; major species at pH 7.3.		2.9340organic cation
adrenomedullin
Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.		2.4420
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-28): binding of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide fragments to glycosaminoglycan is pH-dependent		2.420
allyl-(6-diazo-5-oxo)-norleucyl-(6-diazo-5-oxo)-norleucine
allyl-(6-diazo-5-oxo)-norleucyl-(6-diazo-5-oxo)-norleucine: trypanocidal agent		2.3110
allatotropin
allatotropin: from cerebral or corpora cardiaca of locusts & moths		2.1310
gibberellins
[no description available]		2.3520
clavanin a
clavanin A: histidine-rich, amidated, alpha-helical protein isolated from the hemocytes of Styela clava; amino acid sequence in first source		210
daptomycin
[no description available]		7.7330
nonactin
nonactin: macrolide tetrolide antibiotic isolated from cycloheximide-producing species of Streptomyces; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ANTIBIOTICS (75-86)		1.9710
peoniflorin
peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa		2.0810
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		4.76100
ecallantide
ecallantide: an NSAID and analgesic		2.0110
norgestrel
Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.		2.3620
sermorelin
Sermorelin: The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency.. sermorelin : A 29 amino acid polypeptide that is used to treat growth problems (usually in children) due to growth hormone deficiency. It is the biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRH).		1.9910
s 8932
[no description available]		261,15375aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
carboxylic ester;
nitrile;
phosphoramidate ester;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
oxyntomodulin
Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.		4.6821
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		2.6830
lugdunin
lugdunin: antibiotic from Staphylococcus lugdunensis. lugdunin : A thiazolidine-containing homodetic cyclic peptide that is isolated from human nasal bacteria. Exhibits bactericidal activity against many major pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).		2.2110homodetic cyclic peptide;
indoles;
macrocycle;
peptide antibiotic;
thiazolidines		human metabolite;
rat metabolite
dalfopristin
dalfopristin: component of RP-59500; structure in first source. dalfopristin : A macrolide that is pristinamycin IIA in which the double bond between positions 26 and 26a of the pyrroline ring has been reduced and position 26R carries a [2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfonyl group. It is a semi-synthetic streptogramin antibiotic and often used as a mixture with quinupristin for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.		2.0110
lysergic acid
lysergic acid : An ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position.		2.6330
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		7.85131
flavin mononucleotide
Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.		5.32180
silybin
Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.		2.3110
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		2.4220
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		2.4320
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		3.76100
danoprevir
[no description available]		2.5320
crambin protein, crambe abyssinica
crambin protein, Crambe abyssinica: 44 amino acid, molecular weight 5000, water-insoluble protein found in the seed of the plant Crambe abyssinica		210
digitonin
Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.		2.6630
ovalicin
ovalicin: sesquiterpene isolated from culture filtrate of fungus Pseudorotium ovalis; shows antitumor activity; structure		2.0210
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		2.4920
technetium tc 99m medronate
Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.		1.9610
apyrase
Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.		2.7430
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		4.36200
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		8.61700
ribosomal protein l7-l12
[no description available]		1.9710
cyclolinopeptide a
cyclolinopeptide A: structure given in first source; cyclic nonapeptide; isolated from linseed oil		7.3820
lanthiopeptin
lanthiopeptin: Isolated from Streptoverticillium griseoverticillatum; contains 15 amino acids; structure given in first source. cinnamycin : A type B lantibiotic consisting of a 19 amino acid tetracyclic polypeptide produced by Streptomyces cinnamoneus.		1.9710heterodetic cyclic peptide;
L-cysteine thioether;
macrocycle;
type B lantibiotic
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		5.73191
amyloid beta-peptides
[no description available]		2.1510
chondroitin sulfates
Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.		2.730
iminoquinone
iminoquinone: an electrophile; structure in first source		2.0310
somatostatin, trp(8)-
[no description available]		2.0210
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		2.4420
angiogenin
angiogenin: human tumor protein which stimulates growth of blood vessels; contains 123 amino acids; member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily; MW 14,400		8.2560
nandrolone phenpropionate
arylomycin A2: a signal peptidase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0410
tautomycin
tautomycin: an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A; isolated from Streptomyces spiroverticillatus; MF: C42-H70-O12; exists as a tautomeric mixture in solution		1.9910
tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine
tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine: structure in first source		2.0710
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		12.152842-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		4.11102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		2.87405-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate
8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate: mutagenic nucleotide; hydrolyzed by 8-oxodGTPase to 8-oxodGMP. 8-oxo-dGTP : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine as the nucleobase.		2.1110purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphatemutagen
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		6.614003',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sepiapterin
sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase		2.0110sepiapterin
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.7230purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyinosine
[no description available]		1.9910purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0210deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
7,8-dihydroneopterin
7,8-dihydroneopterin: an antioxidant. 7,8-dihydroneopterin : A neopterin where positions C-7 and C-8 have been hydrogenated.		2.3110dihydropterin;
neopterins		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydrofolate
dihydrofolic acid : A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.		7.4320dihydrofolic acidsEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		4.3190guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine diphosphate mannose
Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis.. GDP-D-mannose : A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.. GDP-alpha-D-mannose : The alpha-anomer of GDP-D-mannose.		1.9510GDP-D-mannoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
guanosine pentaphosphate
Guanosine Pentaphosphate: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing five phosphate groups. Three phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis.. guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate : A guanosine bisphosphate having a diphosphate at the 3'-position and a triphosphate at the 5'-position.		2.0210guanosine 5'-phosphate;
guanosine bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		5.12100guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		6.6490guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		13.566952-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		3.7100guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate
Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.		2.6830guanosine bisphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		6.25131nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid
Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.		4.5880inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		5.23500inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate
Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.		1.9510inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sapropterin
sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).		7.94405,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterincoenzyme;
cofactor;
diagnostic agent;
human metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		5.84310folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		2.0710
viomycin
[no description available]		1.9410heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide antibiotic		antitubercular agent
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		4.35200nucleoside triphosphate analogue
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		2.4110
neopterin
[no description available]		4.0721
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		5.65150cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		3.8230benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.3110dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		2.3920purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		2.69302-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		2.7830benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
pralidoxime
pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.		2.0210pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		3.41102-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer		2.730benzamides;
methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		9.42220nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		2.8540nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		2.9240nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		2.3110N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
thiolactomycin
thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source		2.0110
diazeniumdiolate
diazeniumdiolate: a class of nitric oxide (NO) donors; structure in first source. 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two ethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.		2.2510
5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate
[no description available]		2.0310
7-deazaguanine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
4-hydroxyquinazoline
4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source		2.1510quinazolines
alanosine
[no description available]		10.56744
9-((2-phosphonylmethoxy)ethyl)guanine
9-((2-phosphonylmethoxy)ethyl)guanine: structure given in first source		5.4541phosphoethanolamine
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate)
[no description available]		2.3920nucleoside diphosphate analogue
lometrexol
lometrexol: RN & structure given in first source;		1.9910
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		2.110cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
vicine
vicine: pyrimidine glycoside found in fava bean; structure		210glycoside
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.1110tetrahydrofolic acid
8-bromocyclic gmp
8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		2.39203',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
organobromine compound		muscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		8.0650
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		3.68100nitroso compoundalkylating agent
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid
[no description available]		2.0810cyclic purine dinucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		immunomodulator;
signalling molecule
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		2.7230guanosinesbiomarker
bms 536924
BMS 536924: inhibits insulin-like growth factor I receptor kinase; structure in first source		2.0810
7,8-dihydropterin
7,8-dihydropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110organic molecular entity;
pterins
asoxime chloride
[no description available]		2.0210
7-methylguanosine
7-methylguanosine : A positively charged methylguanosine in which a single methyl substituent is located at position 7.		2.4220methylguanosine;
organic cation		metabolite
formycin b
formycin B: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		1.9610formycin
tetrahydropterin
[no description available]		2.4420
prodigiosin
Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.		3.4580
formycins
Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.		1.9610
galloflavin
galloflavin: structure in first source		2.1110
fr 167653
FR 167653: structure given in first source		210
mocimycin
mocimycin: induces GTPase activity of EF-TU; N-demethyl analog of antibiotic X-5108; structure		2.6830C-glycosyl compound
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine: also referred to as CpG		1.9810(3'->5')-dinucleotide
enng
[no description available]		1.9910
imidacloprid
imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.		2.9740imidacloprid;
imidazolidines;
monochloropyridine		environmental contaminant;
genotoxin;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone
alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone: structure given in first source		2.0710
methanopterin
methanopterin: isolated from Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum. methanopterin : A member of the class of methanopterins obtained by formal dehydrogenation at positions 5, 6, 7 and 8 of tetrahydromethanopterin. The parent of the class of methanopterins		2.110methanopterins
heme arginate
heme arginate: used for treatment of porphyria; induces heme oxygenase		3.0810
idx184
IDX184: prodrug to enhance formation in the liver of the active triphosphate of 2'-methylguanosine, a potent and specific polymerase inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus; structure in first source		4.0420
opicapone
opicapone: structure in first source		4.6230oxadiazole;
ring assembly
2',3'-dideoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		210
dibutyryl cyclic gmp
Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.		1.9910
8-oxoguanosine 2'-phosphate
[no description available]		2.0210
clothianidin
clothianidin: structure in first source. clothianidin : An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3.		2.25101,3-thiazoles;
2-nitroguanidine derivative;
clothianidin;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
molybdenum cofactor
molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2.		210Mo-molybdopterin cofactor;
organophosphate oxoanion
3'-(methylanthraniloyl)-2'-deoxy-guanosine diphosphate
[no description available]		210
alcian blue
Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.		2.4420
lipoteichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.		5.29520
cholestyramine resin
Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.		2.3620
acth (1-14)
[no description available]		2.2510
eye
[no description available]		8.5990
maltodextrin
maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.		2.7630
molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide
molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide: structure given in first source		2.4120
nukacin isk-1
nukacin ISK-1: a lantibiotic isolated from Staphyococcus warneri; amino acid sequence in first source		2.7730
goadsporin
goadsporin: structure in first source		7.1310
lacticin 481
lacticin 481: amino acid sequence given in first source; a lantibiotic; GenBank X71410 (L. lactis)		4.7390
molnupiravir
molnupiravir: prodrug that’s metabolized into N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a ribonucleoside analog. molnupiravir : A nucleoside analogue that is N(4)-hydroxycytidine in which the 5'-hydroxy group is replaced by a (2-methylpropanoyl)oxy group. It is the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog N(4)-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. It is currently in phase III trials for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.		8.9151isopropyl ester;
ketoxime;
nucleoside analogue		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
carbidopa
Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		2.6730
pd 135158
PD 135158: selective cholecystokinin type B receptor agonist; structure given in first source		1.9910
amyloid beta-peptides
[no description available]		3.4611
PF-07304814
lufotrelvir: lufotrelvir is the phosphate prodrug of PF-00835231. PF-07304814 : An indolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of N-[(2S)-3-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-4-(phosphonooxy)butan-2-yl]-L-leucinamide. It is the phosphate prodrug of PF-00835231, an anticoronaviral agent.		2.7220aromatic ether;
indolecarboxamide;
L-leucine derivative;
phosphate monoester;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
prodrug
mordenite
[no description available]		2.0410
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		10.37190
nisin z
nisin Z: amino acid sequence given in first source; differs from nisin in a single amino acid		2.520
chlorotoxin
[no description available]		2.0610
trypsinogen
Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)		8.2160
nirmatrelvir
nirmatrelvir: component of COVID-19 drug Paxlovid. Paxlovid : A mixture containing nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. It is co-administered in tablet form for the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19.. nirmatrelvir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by {(1S)-1-cyano-2-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]ethyl}aminoacyl, 3-methyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-L-valinamide, methyl and methyl groups at positions 2S, 3, 6 and 6, respectively. It is the first orally administered inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease developed by Pfizer and used in combination with ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19.		2.4110azabicyclohexane;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		3.1150
probestin
probestin: inhibitor of aminopeptidase M; from Streptomyces azureus MH663-2F6; structure given in first source		2.110
vermiculite
[no description available]		2.4120
dinitrobenzenes
Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.		7.15480
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		4.27190
gallidermin
gallidermin: lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic); from Staphylococcus gallinarum; structure given in first source		2.940
rada16-i
RADA16-I: a self-assembling peptide nanomaterial used as a scaffold for bone regeneration; composed of alanine, arginine, and aspartic acid		2.0510
temporin
temporin: isolated from frogs Rana temporaria & R. clamitans; has many isoforms; amino acid sequence in first source		2.1710
d-jnki-1
D-JNKI-1: a synthetic, cell permeable peptide that blocks the MAPK-JNK signal pathway; has potential therapeutic value for long-term protection of both the morphological integrity and physiological function of the organ of Corti during times of oxidative stress		2.0410
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		5.5151
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		4.84330
mersacidin
mersacidin: a globular type B lantibiotic; peptide isolated form a Bacillus species. mersacidin : A type-B lantibiotic containing 3-methyllanthionine and S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methylcysteine residues and four intra-chain thioether bridges. It is obtained from Bacillus sp. HIL Y-85,54728 and is active in vivo against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).		2.7230
tetrafluoroaluminate
tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation		1.9910
hormaomycin
hormaomycin: antibacterial and antimalarial peptide from Streptomyces griseoflavus; structure in first source		2.0510
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		4.2750
ethylene dichloride
ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.		210chloroethaneshepatotoxic agent;
mutagen;
non-polar solvent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		210acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
adenine
[no description available]		2106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.0110amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde
[no description available]		210benzaldehydesEC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
fragrance;
odorant receptor agonist;
plant metabolite
benzene
[no description available]		210aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		210benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.0510coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.4220monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		1.9710N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
propionaldehyde
propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.		210alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite
dibenzofuran
Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		210dibenzofurans;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		xenobiotic
cytosine
[no description available]		210aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanylalanine
alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9710dipeptide
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		210chlorocyclohexane
glycine
[no description available]		2.3920alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
indole
[no description available]		210indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		210alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		210acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
naphthalene
[no description available]		210naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
phenol
[no description available]		210phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		210propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		210azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
dimethyl sulfide
dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.		210aliphatic sulfidealgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
marine metabolite
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		210alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		210methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
trimethylamine
[no description available]		210methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		2.4220pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.0510isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bremazocine
[no description available]		2.0510
phenytoin
[no description available]		2.4220imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		2.0510aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		210acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
n-acetylphenylalanine
N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.		1.9710N-acetyl-amino acid;
phenylalanine derivative		antidepressant;
metabolite
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		2.0510secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
theophylline
[no description available]		2.4220dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		2.0510pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		2.4220benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		2.0510ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
atrazine
[no description available]		210chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		210barbituratesdrug allergen
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		210benzamides
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		210benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		210biphenyls;
imidazoles
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		210organic molecular entity
caffeine
[no description available]		2.4220purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.0510aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		2.0510benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		2.4220organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		2.0510aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0510clonidine;
imidazoline
4-cresol
4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.		210cresolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
uremic toxin
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		2.4220dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		2.42201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		210benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
diuron
Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
dichlorobenzene		environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
photosystem-II inhibitor;
urea herbicide;
xenobiotic
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		210ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		2.0510dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenbufen
fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
biphenyls		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0510difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		2.4220conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		210fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		2.0510chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.0510benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.4220monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.4220benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		2.4220dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.4220aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
indoprofen
Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.		210gamma-lactam;
isoindoles;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		210secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		2.4220benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		2.0510benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		210benzodiazepine
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		2.0510aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		2.0510imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.4220cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		210C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		2101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		2.0510aromatic ether
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		210N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		210acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		210barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		2.0510indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		2.0510pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.0510acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		2.0510aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		210benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		210phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.0510naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
ranitidine
[no description available]		2.0510aralkylamine
imatinib
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		2.0510
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		2.0510benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		210phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		210N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		210organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
corticosterone
[no description available]		2.422011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cysteine
[no description available]		2.3920cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		21011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.6830L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		2.4220C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.3820aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		1.9710aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.0510glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.0510pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		2.0110ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.730amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline
[no description available]		210anilines;
primary arylamine
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		2.3920aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.4120amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mannitol
[no description available]		2.4220mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		1.9710non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-toluenesulfonamide
4-toluenesulfonamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. toluene-4-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide bearing a methyl group at position 4.		210sulfonamide
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		2.3920amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.		210chloroethanespolar solvent
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.9240L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		1.9710erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		1.9710arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
ethylamine
ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		210primary aliphatic aminehuman metabolite
nitromethane
nitromethane: structure. nitromethane : A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models.		210primary nitroalkane;
volatile organic compound		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
explosive;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
tert-butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		210tertiary alcoholhuman xenobiotic metabolite
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.0510benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
methylethyl ketone
methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.		210butanone;
dialkyl ketone;
methyl ketone;
volatile organic compound		bacterial metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		210chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
methyl acetate
methyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of acetic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (57 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it is used as a solvent for many resins and oils.		210acetate ester;
methyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
fragrance;
polar aprotic solvent
nitroethane
nitroethane : A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group.		210primary nitroalkane
fluorene
[no description available]		210ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
hexamethylbenzene
hexamethylbenzene : A methylbenzene that is benzene in which all six hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.		210methylbenzene
quinoline
[no description available]		210azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
diphenyl
diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		210aromatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
benzidine
benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.		210biphenyls;
substituted aniline		carcinogenic agent
methyl benzoate
methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol.		210benzoate ester;
methyl ester		insect attractant;
metabolite
benzotrifluoride
alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene: structure in first source. (trifluoromethyl)benzene : A fluorohydrocarbon that is fluoroform in which the hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
fluorohydrocarbon		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
butylphen
butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.		210phenolsallergen
acetophenone
acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.		210acetophenonesanimal metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
nitrobenzene
nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.		210nitroarene;
nitrobenzenes
carvone
carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.		210botanical anti-fungal agent;
carvones		allergen
benzonitrile
benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.		210benzenes;
nitrile
anisole
anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.		210monomethoxybenzeneplant metabolite
4-chloroaniline
4-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloroaniline : A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group.		210chloroaniline;
monochlorobenzenes
propionitrile
propionitrile: structure. propionitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond.		210aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
bromobenzene
[no description available]		210bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
chlorobenzene
[no description available]		210monochlorobenzenessolvent
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		210alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
dimethoxymethane
dimethoxymethane : An acetal that is the dimethyl acetal derivative of formaldehyde.		210acetal;
diether
tetrahydrofuran
oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.		210cyclic ether;
oxolanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		210furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		210mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		210alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.		210cycloalkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
cyclohexene
cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.		210cycloalkene
morpholine
[no description available]		210morpholines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		NMR chemical shift reference compound
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate: structure		210ethyl ester;
paraben		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
3-nitrobenzoic acid
3-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		210naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
ethyl acetate
ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.		210acetate ester;
ethyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diazooxonorleucine
Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.		2.0410amino acid zwitterion;
diazo compound;
ketone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		analgesic;
antibacterial agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		210phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
3-fluorophenylalanine
3-fluorophenylalanine: p-fluorophenylalanine is a minor descriptor; RN given refers cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.0410
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		210monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
4-chloroacetanilide
4-chloroacetanilide : Acetamide substituted on nitrogen by a para-chlorophenyl group.		210acetamides;
monochlorobenzenes
1-chloropropane
1-chloropropane: structure in first source		210
glycyl-glycyl-glycine
glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.		1.9710tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
glycylglycine
[no description available]		1.9710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite
2,3-dichlorophenol
dichlorophenol : Any chlorophenol carrying chloro substituents.		210
methyl butyrate
[no description available]		210fatty acid ester
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.0510cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
homoserine
homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.		1.9910amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		2.0510aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
decachlorobiphenyl
decachlorobiphenyl: structure. decachlorobiphenyl : A polychlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		210pentachlorobenzenes;
polychlorobiphenyl
guanoxan
guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage		2.0510benzodioxine
norleucine
Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.		1.97102-aminohexanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		2.0510azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
desmedipham
desmedipham: structure. desmedipham : A carbamate ester that is phenylcarbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.		210carbamate esteragrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
menthone
menthone : The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one.. (-)-menthone : A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer).		210menthone
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
dimethylacetamide
hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.		210acetamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		210ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.3820glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		2.0510penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		2.0510timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.0510azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		2.0510
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.05105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenoxycarb
fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.		210aromatic ether;
carbamate ester		environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
juvenile hormone mimic;
xenobiotic
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		2.0510tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
norvaline
norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.		2.38202-aminopentanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent
aspartate-beta-hydroxamate
beta-aspartylhydroxamic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.0410
fenclofenac
fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd		210aromatic ether
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		2.0510benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ethyl tyrosine ester
ethyl tyrosine ester: RN given refers to L-isomer. ethyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group has been replaced by an ethyl group.		1.9710ethyl ester;
L-tyrosyl ester
leucyltyrosine
leucyltyrosine: RN given refers to L-Tyr,L-Leu-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/93		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
tyrosine methyl ester
tyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is the methyl ester of L-tyrosine.		1.9710L-tyrosyl ester;
methyl ester
leucyl-glycyl-glycine
leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.		1.9710tripeptidemetabolite
acetylleucine
[no description available]		1.9710L-leucine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
n-methylscopolamine
N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.		2.0510
fr 109615
cispentacin: structure given in first source; isolated from Bacillus cereus		2.0410
leucylleucine
Leu-Leu : A dipeptide formed from two L-leucine residues.		1.9710dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phenylalanylleucine
phenylalanylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		plant metabolite
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer
[no description available]		1.9710
leucyl-alanine
Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
tryptophan ethyl ester
tryptophan ethyl ester: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9710
leucyl-leucyl-leucine
leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.		1.9710tripeptidemetabolite
tyrosylleucine
[no description available]		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
Trp-Trp
tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.		1.9710dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		2.05103-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
glycyltryptophan
glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
glycyltyrosine
Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
glycylleucine
Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
histidine methyl ester
histidine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. histidine methyl ester : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of histidine.		1.9710histidine derivative
glycyl-l-phenylalanine
glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.		1.9710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite;
metabolite
n-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester
N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9710
alanylphenylalanine
alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source		1.9710oligopeptide
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		2.0510primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine
beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine: glutamate agonist. L-BMAA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam.		1.9910diamino acid;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		bacterial metabolite;
neurotoxin
valylvaline
valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues.		1.9710dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
leucinamide
leucinamide: leucine aminopeptidase alternative substrate to leucyl beta naphthylamide; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		2.0110
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.0510dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-methylaspartic acid
3-methylaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9910
prolyl-tyrosine
prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source. Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		2.4220methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
camphora
camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.		210camphor
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		210
erlotinib
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
cortisone
[no description available]		2.051011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
(+)-limonene
(4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.		210limoneneplant metabolite
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		2.0510cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		2.42201-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		2.0510L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		210benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		210olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
isoleucylvaline
isoleucylvaline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ile-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-valine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
nikkomycin
nikkomycin Z : A uridine-based nucleoside-peptide antibiotic which inhibits fungal chitin biosynthesis by inhibiting chitin synthase.		2.0410nikkomycinantifungal agent
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		2.0410carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
Phe-Tyr
Phe-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
n-acetyltryptophan
N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.		1.9710L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
n-benzoylalanine
N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.		1.9710N-acyl-L-alanine;
N-benzoylalanine		metabolite
phenylalanine methyl ester
phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.		1.9710alpha-amino acid ester;
L-phenylalanine derivative
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		210monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
glycylvaline
glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9710dipeptidehuman metabolite
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		1.9710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		210prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
codeine
[no description available]		210morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.0510organic molecular entity
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		210morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
alanyl-alanyl-alanine
alanyl-alanyl-alanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ala-Ala-Ala : A tripeptide composed of three L-alanine units joined by peptide linkages.		2.0410tripeptidemetabolite
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		2.05101,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
alanylalanine
L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage.		2.0410dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
ro 42-5892
remikiren : An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).		2.0510cyclopropanes;
diol;
L-histidine derivative;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic;
vasodilator agent
prolylglycine
prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.		1.9710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
tiacrilast
tiacrilast: structure given in first source		2.0510
nifuroxime
5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source		210
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		210imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.0510artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
phenylalanylglycine
phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
leucyl-phenylalanine
Leu-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-leucine and L-phenylalanine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-alanyl-leucine
glycyl-alanyl-leucine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/91		1.9710peptide
phenylalanylphenylalanine
Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.		1.9710dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion		human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
valylleucine
valylleucine: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Val-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-leucine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
alanylglycine
[no description available]		1.9710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
alpha-glutamyltryptophan
Trp-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanylproline
Phe-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-proline residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
prolylisoleucine
prolylisoleucine: RN refers to (L)-isomer. Pro-Ile : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-isoleucine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0510
pht 427
4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.0510
piroxicam
[no description available]		2.0510benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.4220benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		2.05102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
guanine
[no description available]		2102-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ganciclovir
[no description available]		2.05102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		210nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		016.89446
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		011.89446
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		016.4617216
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		016.4617216
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0840
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		013.963140
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		04.0840
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		029.351,704260
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.0840
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		03.0840
Ache
[description not available]		08.45242
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		017.0213324
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		08.45242
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		017.0213324
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		05.46200
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		05.46200
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		023.65448196
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		023.65448196
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		010.42292
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		09.11401
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		011.77432
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		04.1950
Lassitude
[description not available]		08.89103
Pyrexia
[description not available]		06.82141
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		04.79120
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		04.3530
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		015.281335
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		013.89103
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		011.82141
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		04.79120
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		04.1950
Motor Disorders
Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)		02.4110
Daytime Sleepiness
[description not available]		02.4110
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		02.6620
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence
Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)		02.4110
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		02.6620
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		016.125527
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		016.125527
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		06.86132
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		05.19180
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		06.86132
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy
[description not available]		02.5220
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		03.67100
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.		02.5220
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		06.6892
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
[description not available]		013.863411
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		06.11100
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		06.6892
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.		013.863411
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked
[description not available]		03.2140
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		011.82692
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		03.0130
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		03.0130
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		011.82692
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		027.761,237227
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		04.0230
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		04.0230
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		015.033445
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		013.421857
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		022.14294197
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		022.14294197
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		012.54301
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		07.54301
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		04.4231
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		04.4231
DDPAC
[description not available]		03.4760
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		09.8720
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		05.57270
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		014.8720
Frontotemporal Dementia
The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.		03.4760
MODS
[description not available]		03.1950
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		03.1950
Emesis
[description not available]		06.76101
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		015.832013
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		011.76101
Drug Associated Myopathies
[description not available]		02.4110
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		03.6390
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		03.6390
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		07.51124
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		07.51124
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		09.4696
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		09.4696
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		07.1470
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		012.1470
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		012.87698
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		013.38859
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		012.87698
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		013.38859
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant
[description not available]		02.4110
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.		02.4110
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		02.3110
Eye Burns
Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.		02.3110
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		021.5719421
Abnormal Movements
[description not available]		06.5853
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		06.22330
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		06.22330
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		08.8453
Recrudescence
[description not available]		010.89287
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.6830
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		08.8453
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		02.6830
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		05.88380
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		06.67190
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		05.88380
Latent Tuberculosis
The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test.		02.3110
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		027.841,274227
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		027.841,274227
Cytokine Release Syndrome
A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.		09.83151
chronic COVID syndrome
[description not available]		02.8220
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		010.25401
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		010.39161
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		010.25401
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		010.39161
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		04.2870
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		09.2870
Anasarca
[description not available]		03.75100
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		014.027024
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		08.75100
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		014.027024
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		05.18110
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		05.18110
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		04.580
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		04.580
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		06.25123
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		07.14192
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		07.14192
Hendra Virus Infections
[description not available]		04.1340
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		02.5820
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		011.47575
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		016.47575
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		014.991566
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal
[description not available]		02.4820
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.		02.4820
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		09.12223
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		09.12223
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		08.53262
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		08.53262
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		07.561251
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		02.8330
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		02.8330
EBV Infections
[description not available]		04.2460
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		04.2460
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		06.691
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		06.691
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		06.37160
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		06.37160
MELAS
[description not available]		04.7161
Apoplexy
[description not available]		06.88184
MELAS Syndrome
A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117)		04.7161
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		06.88184
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		03.4870
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		010.31292
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		03.4870
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		010.31292
Acidemia Propionic
[description not available]		02.4110
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn
[description not available]		07.95610
Acetonemia
[description not available]		05.97190
Hyperammonemia
Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.		04.5990
Propionic Acidemia
Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE genes that result in dysfunction of branch chain amino acids and of the metabolism of certain fatty acids. Neonatal clinical onset is characterized by severe metabolic acidemia accompanied by hyperammonemia, HYPERGLYCEMIA, lethargy, vomiting, HYPOTONIA; and HEPATOMEGALY. Survivors of the neonatal onset propionic acidemia often show developmental retardation, and intolerance to dietary proteins. Late-onset form of the disease shows mild mental and/or developmental retardation, sometimes without metabolic acidemia.		02.4110
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		07.83151
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		014.19996
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		04.3670
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		019.19996
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		04.3670
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		07.83151
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		08.05171
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0750
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		04.0750
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		010.19621
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		010.19621
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		06.4882
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		05.51161
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		05.51161
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		03.3160
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		03.3160
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		07.27121
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		07.27121
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis
[description not available]		02.7620
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		07.1394
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		09.8475
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		07.1394
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		09.8475
Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral
A group of viral diseases of diverse etiology but having many similar clinical characteristics; increased capillary permeability, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common to all. Hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by sudden onset, fever, headache, generalized myalgia, backache, conjunctivitis, and severe prostration, followed by various hemorrhagic symptoms. Hemorrhagic fever with kidney involvement is HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME.		04.0720
Infections, RNA Virus
[description not available]		03.3310
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		07.91291
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		09.47219
Catarrh
Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.		02.4110
Common Cold
A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.		02.4110
Acid Alpha-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		09.4592
Glycogen Storage Disease Type II
An autosomal recessively inherited glycogen storage disease caused by GLUCAN 1,4-ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE deficiency. Large amounts of GLYCOGEN accumulate in the LYSOSOMES of skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL); HEART; LIVER; SPINAL CORD; and BRAIN. Three forms have been described: infantile, childhood, and adult. The infantile form is fatal in infancy and presents with hypotonia and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC). The childhood form usually presents in the second year of life with proximal weakness and respiratory symptoms. The adult form consists of a slowly progressive proximal myopathy. (From Muscle Nerve 1995;3:S61-9; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp73-4)		09.4592
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		04.23180
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		012.925412
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		04.23180
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		07.34151
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		07.34151
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		010.63426
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		015.63426
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		02.9340
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		02.9340
Vascular Calcification
Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.		02.5820
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		05.75320
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		05.75320
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		011.85653
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		016.85653
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		011.65311
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		08.51260
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		02.4110
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		08.6690
Yellow Fever
An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage.		02.4110
Esophageal Reflux
[description not available]		06.1962
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		09.16126
Asialia
[description not available]		04.2131
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.		06.1962
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		09.16126
Xerostomia
Decreased salivary flow.		04.2131
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		02.5920
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		02.5920
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.		02.8220
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		03.0240
Osteolysis
Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.		02.6920
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		08.82212
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		013.82212
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		03.95130
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		03.95130
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		03.75100
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		03.75100
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		0340
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		04.02130
Fatigue, Mental
[description not available]		03.811
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		07.25101
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		012.25101
Pemphigoid
[description not available]		02.610
Pemphigoid, Bullous
A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.		02.610
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		07.67145
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		09.57431
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		07.67145
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		09.57431
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		03.3340
Adolescent Obesity
[description not available]		03.9830
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		04.5590
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		04.5590
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.6990
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.9630
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		03.6990
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.9630
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		04.6490
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		09.6490
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		04.97130
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		04.97130
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		04.3870
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		04.59270
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.730
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		04.3870
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		02.8330
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		02.8330
Aura
[description not available]		07.97310
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		07.34680
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		07.97310
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		07.34680
Leanness
[description not available]		03.1250
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		04.34200
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		03.85120
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		08.85120
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		03.3760
Cronobacter Infections
[description not available]		02.4110
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.		02.4110
Sarcopenia
Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.		02.9430
Infections, Rhabdoviridae
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		012.14512
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		012.14512
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		08.46131
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		013.46131
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		04.93140
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus
[description not available]		02.7330
Dysentery, Bacillary
DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).		02.7330
Generalized Resistance To 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
[description not available]		02.4110
Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets
A hereditary disorder characterized by HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; renal defects in phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D metabolism; and growth retardation. Autosomal and X-linked dominant and recessive variants have been reported.		02.4110
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		04.8120
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		017.3814224
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		017.3814224
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		02.9740
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		04.83330
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		04.83330
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		03.2660
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		08.2660
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		07.4920
Epileptiform Neuralgia
[description not available]		02.4110
Trigeminal Neuralgia
A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)		02.4110
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		03.2360
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.420
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		02.420
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		013.85946
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		013.85946
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		07.05111
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		08.7950
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
[description not available]		02.4110
Severe Dengue
A virulent form of dengue characterized by THROMBOCYTOPENIA and an increase in vascular permeability (grades I and II) and distinguished by a positive pain test (e.g., TOURNIQUET PAIN TEST). When accompanied by SHOCK (grades III and IV), it is called dengue shock syndrome.		02.4110
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		02.5420
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		02.5420
Exertional Heat Illness
[description not available]		02.4110
Carditis
[description not available]		06.381
Coxsackie Virus Infections
[description not available]		02.4110
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		06.381
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
[description not available]		03.3310
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		06.35151
Intestinal Perforation
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.		03.3310
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.		03.3310
Acroosteolysis, Giaccai Type
[description not available]		08.4114
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies
A group of inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of dorsal root and autonomic ganglion cells, and clinically by loss of sensation and autonomic dysfunction. There are five subtypes. Type I features autosomal dominant inheritance and distal sensory involvement. Type II is characterized by autosomal inheritance and distal and proximal sensory loss. Type III is DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL. Type IV features insensitivity to pain, heat intolerance, and mental deficiency. Type V is characterized by a selective loss of pain with intact light touch and vibratory sensation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, pp142-4)		08.4114
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		05.47240
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		05.47240
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		09.83109
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		09.83109
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		03.67100
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		02.7830
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		05.37100
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		03.67100
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		02.7830
Breathlessness
[description not available]		07.6680
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		07.6680
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		05.99261
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		05.99261
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		02.4220
Grippe
[description not available]		06.89130
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		02.4220
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		06.89130
Parodontosis
[description not available]		04.0550
Pericementitis
[description not available]		04.0650
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		04.0550
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		04.0650
Co-infection
[description not available]		07.22102
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		012.96204
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		012.96204
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.		02.4110
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		02.4420
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		02.4420
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		03.99140
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		03.99140
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		08.59135
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		07.15113
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		013.31161
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		03.92130
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		05.04160
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		05.36141
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		05.04160
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		05.36141
Hyperuricemia
Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.		04.0850
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		03.0650
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		03.0650
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		06.15111
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		011.15111
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		02.9940
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		02.9940
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		06.29230
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		02.9340
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		02.7430
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		05.74210
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		010.74210
Gestational Hypertension
[description not available]		02.610
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (		02.610
Astheno Teratozoospermia
[description not available]		02.610
Oculopharyngeal Dystrophy
[description not available]		04.87120
Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal
An autosomal dominant hereditary disease that presents in late in life and is characterized by DYSPHAGIA and progressive ptosis of the eyelids. Mutations in the gene for POLY(A)-BINDING PROTEIN II have been associated with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.		04.87120
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		05.98190
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		05.98190
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		05.0191
Caprine Diseases
[description not available]		02.610
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		07.5492
Malignant Mesothelioma
[description not available]		02.610
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		03.1150
Dysphagia
[description not available]		02.930
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.930
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		05.7320
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		05.7320
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		09.711131
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		02.7620
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		02.7620
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		0440
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		0440
Cyst
[description not available]		02.610
Polysyndactyly
[description not available]		04.3570
Dry Eye
[description not available]		010.3266
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		010.3266
Malnourishment
[description not available]		02.6620
Child Malnutrition
Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		02.610
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		02.6620
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		03.7330
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		02.420
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		03.7330
Fetal Macrosomia
A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.		02.610
Lichen Planus, Oral
Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)		02.610
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		04.69100
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		04.69100
Hydramnios
[description not available]		02.610
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		08.52123
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		08.52123
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
[description not available]		02.610
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		05.8281
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
[description not available]		02.610
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		05.8281
Hashimoto Disease
Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM.		02.610
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		02.8840
Osteoporotic Fractures
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.		02.610
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		03.420
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)		03.420
Allergy, Peanut
[description not available]		02.6620
Peanut Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to peanuts that is triggered by the immune system.		02.6620
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		03.680
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		03.680
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		02.5520
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		02.5520
Hereditary Optic Neuroretinopathy
[description not available]		02.7730
Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber
A maternally linked genetic disorder that presents in mid-life as acute or subacute central vision loss leading to central scotoma and blindness. The disease has been associated with missense mutations in the mtDNA, in genes for Complex I, III, and IV polypeptides, that can act autonomously or in association with each other to cause the disease. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/, MIM#535000 (April 17, 2001))		02.7730
Congo Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.610
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		09.6432
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		06.54262
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		09.6432
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		06.54262
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.		02.610
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		02.9940
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		02.9940
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		05.54161
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		06.15111
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		05.54161
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		06.15111
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		05.6392
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		05.6392
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		08.1440
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		03.1440
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		011.825023
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		011.825023
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		04.1460
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		04.1460
Placental Insufficiency
Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.		02.420
Cushing's Syndrome
[description not available]		04.1560
Cushing Syndrome
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.		04.1560
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		04.87120
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		04.87120
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		011.291280
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		09.47205
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		09.47205
Adult Fanconi Syndrome
[description not available]		04.94130
Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma
[description not available]		02.2110
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		02.4620
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		02.4620
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		05.441
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		05.441
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		05.77340
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		012.546216
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver
[description not available]		03.0850
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		03.0650
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		03.0650
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		05.8931
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		05.8931
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus
[description not available]		02.4620
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.		02.4620
Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral
Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)		02.2510
Lacrimal Duct Obstruction
Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250)		02.5820
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		013.851802
Prodromal Characteristics
[description not available]		02.2510
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		010869
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		010869
Chronic Esophagitis, Eosinophilic
[description not available]		02.2510
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens.		02.2510
Adolescent Gynecomastia
[description not available]		02.2510
Gynecomastia
Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.		02.2510
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		07.2783
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		08.5596
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		013.363420
Break-Bone Fever
[description not available]		02.7830
Dengue
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.		07.7830
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe
[description not available]		07.42110
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.		07.42110
Oxaluria, Primary
[description not available]		05.04150
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism.		05.04150
Psoriasis Arthropathica
[description not available]		04.0340
Arthritis, Psoriatic
A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.		04.0340
Nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.		07.6844
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		04.6860
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal
[description not available]		03.1750
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)		03.1750
Asymptomatic Colonization
[description not available]		09.2190
Myotonia
Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.		02.2510
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		04.6261
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		04.6261
Community Acquired Infection
[description not available]		02.2510
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		010.62181
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		05.62181
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		04.9140
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		04.9140
Adult Rickets
[description not available]		02.4620
Osteomalacia
Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.		02.4620
Hypophosphatemia
A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.		03.0340
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		02.5820
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		02.5820
Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		02.2510
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C
An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry.		02.2510
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		06.22121
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		06.22121
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.2510
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		05.42240
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		05.42240
Convalescence
The period of recovery following an illness.		02.420
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		02.2510
Lactic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.9840
Oliguria
Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.		02.2510
Acidosis, Lactic
Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.		02.9840
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		06.06460
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		06.06460
Marburg Disease
[description not available]		02.6920
Monkey Diseases
Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).		02.3920
Marburg Virus Disease
An RNA virus infection of rhesus, vervet, and squirrel monkeys transmissible to man.		02.6920
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		06.271
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		06.271
Angiitis
[description not available]		02.3110
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		07.68174
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.3110
Apical Ballooning Syndrome
[description not available]		03.1710
Anoxemia
[description not available]		07.48690
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		07.48690
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.		03.1710
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		03.3420
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		03.3420
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.2510
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis
[description not available]		03.5520
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		03.4620
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		05.61110
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		03.4620
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		010.61110
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.		03.5520
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		04.7360
Embolus
[description not available]		02.2510
Blood Clot
[description not available]		08.14232
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		02.2510
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		02.4520
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		08.14232
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		04.7360
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		02.9240
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		03.5890
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		02.9240
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		03.5890
Gastritis, Atrophic
GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.		05.152
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		03.8340
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		03.8340
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		02.4420
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		03.5930
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		03.5930
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		06.71340
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		011.71340
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		08.58203
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		08.58203
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		07.730
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		02.730
Congenital Limb Deformities
[description not available]		02.2510
Craniofacial Microsomia
[description not available]		02.2510
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		04.370
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		04.370
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		05.4651
Glaucoma, Suspect
[description not available]		03.3620
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		05.4651
Ocular Hypertension
A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.		03.3620
Short Bowel Syndrome
A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		03.630
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		05.3990
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		05.3990
Chemically-Induced Disorders
Disorders caused by the intentional or unintentional ingestion or exposure to chemical substances such as PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; NOXAE; and PESTICIDES.		03.2310
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		04.3570
Diathesis
[description not available]		04.66100
Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		03.3320
Hepatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.		03.3320
Arterial Inflammation
[description not available]		02.2510
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		04.5840
Exanthem
[description not available]		04.0720
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		04.0720
Asymptomatic Conditions
[description not available]		04.5340
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.3920
Whooping Cough
A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.		02.3920
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		03.4780
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		02.9140
Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia
FEVER accompanied by a significant reduction in NEUTROPHIL count associated with CHEMOTHERAPY.		02.2510
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		02.9140
Bechterew Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		04.4280
Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Rheumatism
[description not available]		02.520
Connective Tissue Diseases
A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.		02.7230
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		04.4280
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity.		02.2510
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		02.520
Spondylarthropathies
Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.		02.2510
Embolic Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.2510
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		08.2293
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		08.2293
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		02.4620
Deficiency, IgG
[description not available]		02.3110
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.		02.4620
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.		03.2310
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		02.2510
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		02.420
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		04.3341
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		03.0550
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		03.0550
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		07.12121
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		07.12121
Kawasaki Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.2510
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		04.7461
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.		02.2510
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		02.2510
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		04.7461
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		04.0250
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		04.0250
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
[description not available]		02.4520
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.		02.4520
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		04.3370
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		04.3370
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial
[description not available]		03.250
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type
[description not available]		02.3110
P carinii Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.4420
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous
[description not available]		02.8230
Emphysema, Subcutaneous
[description not available]		02.3110
Emphysema, Mediastinal
[description not available]		02.3110
Dermatomyositis
A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)		02.3110
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.		02.4420
Pneumothorax
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.		02.8230
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic
A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.		03.250
Adenopathy
[description not available]		02.3110
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		02.3110
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain
[description not available]		02.3110
Asphyxia Neonatorum
Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.420
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.		02.3110
Drop Attack
[description not available]		03.1710
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		010.15100
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		04.5890
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		03.1710
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		03.93130
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		02.6830
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		02.5220
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		02.6830
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated
[description not available]		03.2310
Congenital Immunodeficiency Disease
[description not available]		03.2310
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Genetic immunologic deficiency diseases and syndromes due to mutations in genes involved in IMMUNITY generally characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. They are often associated with AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE manifestations.		03.2310
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).		03.2310
Pythiosis
A granulomatous disease caused by the aquatic organism PYTHIUM insidiosum and occurring primarily in horses, cattle, dogs, cats, fishes, and rarely in humans. It is classified into three forms: ocular, cutaneous, and arterial.		02.5220
Parasitic Skin Diseases
[description not available]		02.2510
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		03.8840
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		03.8840
Muscle Pain
[description not available]		02.2510
Myalgia
Painful sensation in the muscles.		02.2510
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		08.48182
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		08.48182
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
[description not available]		02.4110
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.		02.4110
Viral Zoonoses
Viral infections that may be transmitted between non-human animals and HUMANS.		03.2310
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		02.7530
Acrania
[description not available]		02.9440
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		02.9440
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		04.1331
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		04.1331
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Neurofibromatosis 1
An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).		02.4110
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		05.8281
Tauopathies
Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.		02.5220
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		03.2260
Shock, Cardiogenic
Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.		02.5420
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		08.2260
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.3110
Brugada ECG Pattern
[description not available]		02.3110
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		02.3110
Brugada Syndrome
An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.		02.3110
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		03.94130
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		08.94130
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF)
[description not available]		05.2731
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure
Sudden liver failure in the presence of underlying compensated chronic LIVER DISEASE (e.g., LIVER CIRRHOSIS; HEPATITIS; and liver injury and failure) due to a precipitating acute hepatic insult.		05.2731
Harelip
[description not available]		03.8740
Fibroid
[description not available]		03.2310
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		03.8740
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		03.2310
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		04.2160
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		04.2160
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		03.2460
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		03.2460
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		02.4420
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		02.4420
Mucorales Infection
[description not available]		03.2310
Mucormycosis
Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.		03.2310
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		03.2310
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		03.2310
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		04.8880
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		04.8880
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		09.57214
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		014.57214
Dermatoses
[description not available]		04.3880
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		04.3880
Latent Infection
Delayed infection of the host by a dormant or inactive pathogen.		02.3110
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		04.4480
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		04.4480
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		06.16320
Bewilderment
[description not available]		02.3110
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		06.16320
Allergic Conjunctivitis
[description not available]		02.8330
Conjunctivitis, Allergic
Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.		02.8330
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		04.5750
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		04.5750
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		02.8730
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		02.8730
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		05.43240
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		05.43240
Viral Hepatitis, Human
[description not available]		02.420
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).		02.420
Chromosomal Triplication
[description not available]		02.4320
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		03.68100
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		03.68100
Flaccid Quadriplegia
[description not available]		03.2310
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		03.1350
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		03.1350
Hypomania
[description not available]		02.3110
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		02.9340
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		07.9340
Cardiovirus Infections
Infections caused by viruses of the genus CARDIOVIRUS, family PICORNAVIRIDAE.		02.4520
Bronchiolitis, Exudative
[description not available]		02.3110
Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.		02.3110
Hypoalbuminemia
A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).		03.2310
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		06.63121
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		04.8781
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		012.244811
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		06.63121
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		04.8781
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		012.244811
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		05.5732
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		04.7771
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		04.761
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		04.761
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		02.3110
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		04.77120
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		04.77120
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		04.58100
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		04.58100
ADDH
[description not available]		02.7730
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		02.7730
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		05.6131
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		05.6131
Behavior Disorder, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
[description not available]		03.711
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity during REM sleep (SLEEP, REM). The affected individual may inflict self injury or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior. This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393)		03.711
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.5520
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		02.5520
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.7730
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.7730
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		05.59170
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		05.21190
Metastase
[description not available]		08.53213
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		08.53213
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		04.4751
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		09.1223
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		04.4751
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		09.1223
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		03.84120
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		03.3770
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		013.493417
Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II
[description not available]		02.7430
Amentia
[description not available]		05.9391
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		02.7830
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		05.9391
Spinocerebellar Ataxias
A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)		02.7430
Zoonoses
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.		07.51160
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		05.7271
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		05.7271
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
An internationally recognized set of published rules used for evaluation of cancer treatment that define when tumors found in cancer patients improve, worsen, or remain stable during treatment. These criteria are based specifically on the response of the tumor(s) to treatment, and not on the overall health status of the patient resulting from treatment.		04.4511
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.8621
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		03.8621
Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders
Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.		02.1510
Devic Disease
[description not available]		02.5320
Neuromyelitis Optica
A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.		02.5320
Microglossia
[description not available]		02.1510
Trypanosomiasis
Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.		02.1510
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.5480
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		03.5480
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		03.8640
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		03.8640
Surgical Incision
[description not available]		02.1710
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		07.2882
Amphetamine Abuse
[description not available]		02.1710
Amphetamine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.		02.1710
Temporomandibular Disorders
[description not available]		03.4720
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)		03.4720
Corneal Diseases
Diseases of the cornea.		02.7630
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		04.7361
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		09.26180
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		03.8121
Acne Inversa
[description not available]		02.520
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.		02.520
Indigestion
[description not available]		06.5463
Dyspepsia
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.		06.5463
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.1510
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		02.1510
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		02.1510
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.1510
Cornea Injuries
[description not available]		02.9740
Corneal Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.		02.9740
Restless Leg Syndrome
[description not available]		03.420
Restless Legs Syndrome
A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.		03.420
Hydrophobia
[description not available]		03.4520
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		02.7430
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		02.7430
46, XY Gonadal Dysgenesis
[description not available]		03.3820
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome
[description not available]		02.520
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear
[description not available]		02.1710
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)		02.1710
Multiple System Atrophy
A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)		02.520
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		04.5351
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		04.5351
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		03.8340
Tardive Dystonia
[description not available]		02.1710
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		02.5920
Tardive Dyskinesia
Drug-related movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable movements in certain muscles. It is associated with a long-term exposure to certain neuroleptic medications (e.g., METOCLOPRAMIDE).		02.1710
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		02.5920
Protein Aggregation, Pathological
A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.		02.5520
Black Fever
[description not available]		02.5420
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		02.5420
Luft Disease
[description not available]		04.6561
Mitochondrial Myopathies
A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.		04.6561
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		06.84251
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		06.3381
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		06.3381
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		04.6821
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		04.6821
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		03.4370
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12
[description not available]		02.3920
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)		02.3920
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.		03.4370
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		011.42375
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		011.42375
Infections, Klebsiella
[description not available]		02.6630
Abscess, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.5320
Klebsiella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.		02.6630
Liver Abscess
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.		02.5320
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		04.8781
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		04.8781
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		02.1710
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		02.1710
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase
[description not available]		04.480
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I
An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood.		04.480
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		03.9750
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		09.35442
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		09.35442
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		08.1150
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		02.2110
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		06.82132
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		011.82132
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis
[description not available]		04.4850
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.		04.4850
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		03.4880
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		03.4880
Conjunctival Diseases
Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.2110
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		05.47250
Amyotonia Congenita
[description not available]		03.3670
Neuromuscular Diseases
A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		03.3670
Addison's Disease
[description not available]		03.4220
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
[description not available]		02.4620
AIRE Deficiency
[description not available]		02.2110
Addison Disease
An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.		03.4220
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		03.84120
Rubeola
[description not available]		02.6530
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.2110
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		03.84120
Measles
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.		07.6530
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.2110
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		05.06100
Gestational Weight Gain
Increase in body weight of the mother during the course of her PREGNANCY.		02.1710
Infection, Wound
[description not available]		02.2110
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		07.69211
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		07.69211
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		08.01123
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		05.29121
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		08.01123
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		02.2110
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		02.2110
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		03.96130
Pyloric Stenosis
Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.		02.2110
Colitis, Mucous
[description not available]		02.4820
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.		03.3570
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.		02.4820
Cerebromeningitis
[description not available]		03.9520
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		09.13640
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		09.13640
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.2110
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).		02.2110
Choroid Neovascularization
[description not available]		02.7730
Wet Macular Degeneration
A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.		02.2510
Vesicoureteral Reflux
[description not available]		02.4720
Abnormalities, Urogenital
[description not available]		02.2110
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.		02.4720
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		04.0350
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		04.0350
Cramp
[description not available]		03.5911
Muscle Cramp
A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)		03.5911
Ear Diseases
Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.		02.0810
Chickungunya Fever
[description not available]		02.0810
Alpha Virus Infections
[description not available]		02.0810
Apnea, Central
[description not available]		02.9740
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		02.3820
Hypoventilation
A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.		02.7730
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		02.3820
Sleep Apnea, Central
A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration.		02.9740
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		06.17121
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		06.17121
Christmas Disease
[description not available]		02.9140
Hemophilia B
A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)		02.9140
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		03.1350
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		03.76110
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin
[description not available]		02.0810
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.0810
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		02.7530
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		02.7530
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		04.63100
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		04.63100
Angiomatosis Retinae
[description not available]		02.110
von Hippel-Lindau Disease
An autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a tumor suppressor gene. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal growth of small blood vessels leading to a host of neoplasms. They include HEMANGIOBLASTOMA in the RETINA; CEREBELLUM; and SPINAL CORD; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; pancreatic tumors; and renal cell carcinoma (see CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL). Common clinical signs include HYPERTENSION and neurological dysfunctions.		02.110
Corneal Wavefront Aberration
Asymmetries in the topography and refractive index of the corneal surface that affect visual acuity.		02.0810
Hepatic Insufficiency
Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.		04.3911
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		05.4251
CACH Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4820
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		06.8493
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		06.8493
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		03.5690
Allergy, Milk
[description not available]		02.7830
Milk Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.		02.7830
Anemia, Cooley's
[description not available]		02.7430
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.		02.7430
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)		02.0810
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		05.0633
Lymphoma, Primary Effusion
A rare neoplasm of large B-cells usually presenting as serious effusions without detectable tumor masses. The most common sites of involvement are the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. It is associated with HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8, most often occurring in the setting of immunodeficiency.		02.0810
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.4220
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		03.6130
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		03.6130
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		03.4220
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
[description not available]		02.4320
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)		02.4320
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.7230
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		04.9370
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.7230
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		04.9370
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		02.6930
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		02.110
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		02.110
Academic Disorder, Developmental
[description not available]		02.4820
Mental Retardation, X-Linked
A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS).		02.110
Learning Disabilities
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.		02.4820
Altitude Hypoxia
Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.		02.4120
Altitude Sickness
Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.		02.4120
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		04.480
Congestive Ophthalmopathy
[description not available]		02.110
Keratoconjunctivitis
Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.		02.520
Graves Ophthalmopathy
An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy.		02.110
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.730
Tick Infestations
Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.		02.110
Protein Folding Diseases
[description not available]		02.4920
Atheroma
[description not available]		02.110
Deficiency, Yang
[description not available]		02.0810
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		07.6630
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		05.3951
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		05.3951
Adhalinopathies
[description not available]		02.110
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		03.4980
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		08.4980
Kwashiorkor
A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		07.04121
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia
An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.		02.6830
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		03.6190
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		03.6190
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		04.3320
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue.		02.3920
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		04.3320
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		03.2160
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.4120
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		02.4120
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		02.110
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		02.110
Gargoylism, Hunter Syndrome
[description not available]		02.5220
Mucopolysaccharidosis II
Systemic lysosomal storage disease marked by progressive physical deterioration and caused by a deficiency of L-sulfoiduronate sulfatase. This disease differs from MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS I by slower progression, lack of corneal clouding, and X-linked rather than autosomal recessive inheritance. The mild form produces near-normal intelligence and life span. The severe form usually causes death by age 15.		02.5220
Carcinomatous Meningitis
[description not available]		02.1110
Meningeal Carcinomatosis
Primary or secondary neoplasm in the ARACHNOID or SUBARACHNOID SPACE. It appears as a diffuse fibrotic thickening of the MENINGES associated with variable degrees of inflammation.		02.1110
Milk Fever, Animal
[description not available]		02.110
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		04.9790
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		04.9790
Amyloid Deposits
[description not available]		03.3160
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.		02.110
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		04.7521
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		04.7521
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		04.7671
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		04.7671
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.9840
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		02.9840
Deficiency, Pyridoxine
[description not available]		04.25190
Pervasive Child Development Disorders
[description not available]		02.110
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.		02.110
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.110
Gaucher Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.		02.110
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease
[description not available]		06.4231
Aphthae
[description not available]		06.1421
Behcet Syndrome
Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.		06.4231
Stomatitis, Aphthous
A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)		06.1421
Encephalomyelitis, Subacute Necrotizing
[description not available]		02.7530
Leigh Disease
A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, ataxia, weakness, vision loss, eye movement abnormalities, seizures, dysphagia, and lactic acidosis. Pathological features include spongy degeneration of the neuropile of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Patterns of inheritance include X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial. Leigh disease has been associated with mutations in genes for the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; ATP synthase subunit 6; and subunits of mitochondrial complex I. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p850).		02.7530
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		013.961526
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		013.961526
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.940
Muscular Weakness
[description not available]		02.4920
Cerebral Cholesterinosis
[description not available]		02.4520
Dysarthosis
[description not available]		02.110
Clasp-Knife Spasticity
[description not available]		02.110
Muscle Spasticity
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)		02.110
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)		02.4920
Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous
An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms.		02.4520
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome
[description not available]		02.110
Progeria
An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.		07.110
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		02.5220
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		02.5220
Thyroid Diseases
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.		02.6930
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		02.1110
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, Familial Gestational Spontaneous
[description not available]		02.4620
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		02.1110
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
A complication of OVULATION INDUCTION in infertility treatment. It is graded by the severity of symptoms which include OVARY enlargement, multiple OVARIAN FOLLICLES; OVARIAN CYSTS; ASCITES; and generalized EDEMA. The full-blown syndrome may lead to RENAL FAILURE, respiratory distress, and even DEATH. Increased capillary permeability is caused by the vasoactive substances, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS, secreted by the overly-stimulated OVARIES.		02.4620
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.940
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.940
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.		02.1110
Gingival Hyperplasia
Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)		02.1110
Fibromatosis Gingivae
[description not available]		02.1110
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		04.661
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		02.4820
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		02.4820
Absence Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.1110
Epilepsy, Absence
A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)		02.1110
Neointima
The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.		02.1110
Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid
[description not available]		02.1110
Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane
A chronic blistering disease with predilection for mucous membranes and less frequently the skin, and with a tendency to scarring. It is sometimes called ocular pemphigoid because of conjunctival mucous membrane involvement.		02.1110
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.6530
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.6530
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		08.0850
Attachment Loss, Periodontal
[description not available]		02.1110
Pocket, Periodontal
[description not available]		02.1110
Tooth Loss
The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.		02.1110
Periodontal Pocket
An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.		02.1110
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		02.4620
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		02.4620
Respiration Disorders
Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.		09.7399
Joint Pain
[description not available]		09.7399
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		010.051110
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		010.051110
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		09.7399
E coli Infections
[description not available]		06.22192
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		06.22192
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		02.6830
Nearsightedness
[description not available]		03.511
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.		03.511
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		02.4120
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.0950
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		02.4120
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.0950
ACL Injuries
[description not available]		02.1110
Injuries, Knee
[description not available]		02.1110
Knee Injuries
Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.		02.1110
Chronic Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.1110
Pancreatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.		02.1110
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema
[description not available]		02.1110
Hand-Foot Syndrome
Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.		02.1110
Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration
[description not available]		02.1110
Machado-Joseph Disease
A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96)		02.1110
Genome Instability
[description not available]		02.1110
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		03.7721
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		03.7721
Allodynia
[description not available]		03.1550
Failure to Thrive
A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.		02.1110
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		02.940
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		02.1110
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		05410
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		03.0750
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		03.0750
Leishmania Infection
[description not available]		02.1110
Leishmaniasis
A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).		02.1110
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		02.1110
Central Diabetes Insipidus
[description not available]		02.1110
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic
A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).		02.1110
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		05.991
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		05.991
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		02.1110
Bovine Leukemia
[description not available]		02.1110
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		06.47450
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive
[description not available]		02.7430
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).		02.7430
CBS Deficiency
[description not available]		04.660
Homocystinuria
Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)		04.660
Abdominal Cryptorchidism
[description not available]		02.4720
Azoospermia
A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).		02.1310
BH4 Deficiency
[description not available]		07.35191
Phenylketonurias
A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).		07.35191
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		02.3820
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.1310
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		02.3820
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.1310
Autolysis
The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.		04.2180
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		05.06100
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		02.3820
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		02.3820
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		05.6161
Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions
[description not available]		02.1310
Cranial Nerve Diseases
Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate.		03.0410
Nerve Root Avulsion
[description not available]		03.420
Radiculopathy
Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.		03.420
Esophagitis, Reflux
[description not available]		03.8521
Esophagitis, Peptic
INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.		03.8521
Hyperoxaluria
Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.		03.4880
Arthritis, Spinal
[description not available]		02.1310
Alcoholic Hepatitis
[description not available]		03.8421
Hepatitis, Alcoholic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		03.8421
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		02.1310
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.1310
Erythermalgia
[description not available]		02.9740
Erythromelalgia
A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.		02.9740
AIDS, Simian
[description not available]		02.7630
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		03.68100
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		03.68100
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1310
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.		02.1310
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
[description not available]		02.1510
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative
Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.		02.1510
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.4820
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		02.4820
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		08.25104
Prediabetes
[description not available]		02.1310
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		08.25104
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.1310
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		05.7881
Sclerosis
A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.		04.4311
Contracture
Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.		04.7221
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		05.7881
Niemann-Pick Disease
[description not available]		02.1310
Niemann-Pick Diseases
A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.		02.1310
Aneuploid
[description not available]		02.3920
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		02.1510
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		02.1510
Deafness, Sudden
Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days.		02.1510
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		03.8340
17p11.2 Monosomy
[description not available]		03.0410
Smith-Magenis Syndrome
Complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by distinctive facial features (FACIES), developmental delay and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Behavioral phenotypes include sleep disturbance, maladaptive, self-injurious and attention-seeking behaviors. The sleep disturbance is linked to an abnormal circadian secretion pattern of MELATONIN. The syndrome is associated with de novo deletion or mutation and HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY of the retinoic acid-induced 1 protein on chromosome 17p11.2.		03.0410
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Irreversible FIBROSIS of the submucosal tissue of the MOUTH.		03.5111
Infections, Mycobacterium
[description not available]		02.3920
Mycobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.		02.3920
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.4220
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.4220
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1510
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)		02.1510
Fasciolopsiasis
[description not available]		02.1510
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		02.1510
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		02.1510
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		04.2841
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		04.2841
Feminization
Development of female secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the MALE. It is due to the effects of estrogenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.		02.0410
Presbycusis
Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies.		02.4420
Colitis, Ischemic
Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.		02.0410
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		04.0631
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		04.0631
Blastocyst Disintegration
[description not available]		02.0410
Dementias, Transmissible
[description not available]		02.9540
Amnesia-Memory Loss
[description not available]		04.3411
Amnesia
Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)		04.3411
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		04.9831
Brain Abscess
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)		02.730
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		02.9340
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		02.9340
Craniofacial Abnormalities
Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.		03.3520
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.98140
Sprains
[description not available]		01.9210
Sprains and Strains
A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.		01.9210
Angiohemophilia
[description not available]		02.730
von Willebrand Diseases
Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.		02.730
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		02.0410
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		02.0410
Briquet Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Somatoform Disorders
Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)		02.0410
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		02.4420
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		02.8940
Dancing Eyes-Dancing Feet Syndrome
[description not available]		03.4311
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
A neurological condition that is characterized by uncontrolled rapid irregular movements of the eye (OPSOCLONUS) and the muscle (MYOCLONUS) causing unsteady, trembling gait. It is also known as dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome and is often associated with neoplasms, viral infections, or autoimmune disorders involving the nervous system.		03.4311
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis
An autosomal recessive trait with impaired cell-mediated immunity. About 15 human papillomaviruses are implicated in associated infection, four of which lead to skin neoplasms. The disease begins in childhood with red papules and later spreads over the body as gray or yellow scales.		02.0510
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		02.4220
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		03.8740
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		03.8740
Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		07.8232
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		07.8232
Wallerian Degeneration
Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.		02.7330
Carcinoma, Papillary
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4420
Nodular Goiter
[description not available]		02.0510
Goiter, Nodular
An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.		02.0510
Chest Injuries
[description not available]		02.0510
Abdominal Injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.		02.0510
Wounds, Penetrating
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.		02.0510
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		02.4520
Mitral Incompetence
[description not available]		02.0510
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.		02.0510
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated
[description not available]		02.0510
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		02.6830
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.4420
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9710
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).		02.9710
Facial Palsy
[description not available]		02.0510
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		03.5690
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		08.44134
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		08.44134
Separation Anxiety Disorder
[description not available]		02.0510
Anxiety, Separation
Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significance to the individual.		02.0510
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		02.4620
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		03.3870
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		08.3870
Brill-Symmers Disease
[description not available]		03.4311
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.8321
Lymphoma, Follicular
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.		03.4311
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		03.8321
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		02.0510
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		03.2460
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		03.2460
Atrioventricular Conduction Block
[description not available]		02.0410
Atrioventricular Block
Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.		02.0410
Mandibular Diseases
Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.		02.0510
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		02.7330
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.18111
Angioblastic Meningioma
[description not available]		05.46151
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		05.18111
Meningioma
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)		05.46151
Disease
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.		08.8440
Hyperactivity, Motor
[description not available]		02.0510
Black Death
[description not available]		02.4320
Plague
An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.		02.4320
Lipid Metabolism Disorders
Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.		02.0510
Hair Diseases
Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.		02.0510
Scalp Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the SCALP.		02.0510
Hypoascorbemia
[description not available]		02.8440
Scurvy
An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.		07.8440
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		02.3820
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		02.3820
Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1
[description not available]		03.4370
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial
Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.		03.4370
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		07.14192
Adipocere
[description not available]		04.58100
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		03.2160
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy
[description not available]		04.3270
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		04.3270
MEA 2a
[description not available]		03.3620
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		03.8140
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		02.6830
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		07.6830
Carcinoma, Medullary
A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.4420
Lathyrism
A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.		04.82130
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA.		02.0510
Amyloid Neuropathies
Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. Familial, primary (nonfamilial), and secondary forms have been described. Some familial subtypes demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Clinical manifestations include sensory loss, mild weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1349)		04.5490
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		03.821
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		03.821
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
[description not available]		02.0510
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating
A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337)		02.0510
Adult Onset Nemaline Myopathy
[description not available]		02.0610
Myopathies, Nemaline
A group of inherited congenital myopathic conditions characterized clinically by weakness, hypotonia, and prominent hypoplasia of proximal muscles including the face. Muscle biopsy reveals large numbers of rod-shaped structures beneath the muscle fiber plasma membrane. This disorder is genetically heterogeneous and may occasionally present in adults. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1453)		02.0610
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		04.0831
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.		04.0831
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component
[description not available]		03.1150
Gliosarcoma
Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)		03.1150
Psychoses
[description not available]		02.0610
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		02.0610
Polyploid
[description not available]		02.0610
Hypophosphatasia
A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		08.5180
Poisoning, Mercury
[description not available]		02.6630
Mercury Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.		02.6630
MEA 2b
[description not available]		02.4220
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.0610
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		02.4220
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		02.4220
Erythrocytosis
[description not available]		03.3770
Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.3820
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
[description not available]		02.3920
Hemorrhage, Retinal
[description not available]		02.0610
Choroid Diseases
Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea.		02.4220
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).		02.3920
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		03.0650
Hepatitis, Animal
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.		02.0610
Glucose Metabolic Disorder
[description not available]		02.4520
Anodontia
Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4820
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		02.0610
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.		02.0610
Abdominal Epilepsy
[description not available]		04.2770
Epilepsies, Partial
Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)		04.2770
HbS Disease
[description not available]		04.4990
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		04.4990
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		03.690
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		03.690
Bacterial Endocarditides
[description not available]		03.2360
Endocarditis, Bacterial
Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.		03.2360
Axon Reaction
[description not available]		02.0610
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		02.7430
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		05.3172
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.0610
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic
Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)		02.0610
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.4420
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		02.4420
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep
[description not available]		02.0610
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)		02.0610
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome
[description not available]		04.2820
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		04.9181
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		04.9181
Autism
[description not available]		03.6190
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0610
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		03.6190
Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple
A hereditary disease characterized by multiple ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal nevoid and neoplastic anomalies. Facial trichilemmomas and papillomatous papules of the oral mucosa are the most characteristic lesions. Individuals with this syndrome have a high risk of BREAST CANCER; THYROID CANCER; and ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. This syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene for PTEN PHOSPHATASE.		02.0610
Neoplasms, Nerve Sheath
[description not available]		02.0610
Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0610
Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1)		02.0610
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.		02.0610
Clostridioides difficile Infection
[description not available]		02.0710
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.		02.0710
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		02.9810
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		02.9810
Brittle Bone Disease
[description not available]		03.3770
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.		03.3770
Long QT Syndrome 1
[description not available]		02.4620
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		02.0710
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		02.0710
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		02.0710
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		02.0710
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		02.0710
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		02.0710
Blue-Eared Pig Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
Hansen Disease
[description not available]		02.4620
Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.		02.4620
Bloom Syndrome
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by telangiectatic ERYTHEMA of the face, photosensitivity, DWARFISM and other abnormalities, and a predisposition toward developing cancer. The Bloom syndrome gene (BLM) encodes a RecQ-like DNA helicase.		02.0710
Endomyocardial Fibrosis
A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).		02.3820
Icterus
[description not available]		02.6530
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		02.6530
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.		02.0710
Enterovirus Infections
Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.		02.0710
Fibrillary Chorea
[description not available]		02.0710
Fukuhara Disease
[description not available]		02.4520
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		02.0710
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		02.0710
Fra(X) Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4420
Fragile X Syndrome
A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)		02.4420
Adult-Onset Dystonias
[description not available]		02.4620
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		02.7530
Dystonic Disorders
Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.		02.4620
Hemangiopericytoma
A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)		02.4420
Dyskeratosis Congenita, X-Linked
[description not available]		02.0710
Dyskeratosis Congenita
A predominantly X-linked recessive syndrome characterized by a triad of reticular skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and leukoplakia of mucous membranes. Oral and dental abnormalities may also be present. Complications are a predisposition to malignancy and bone marrow involvement with pancytopenia. (from Int J Paediatr Dent 2000 Dec;10(4):328-34) The X-linked form is also known as Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome and involves the gene which encodes a highly conserved protein called dyskerin.		02.0710
Coronary Artery Vasospasm
[description not available]		02.0810
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		02.4620
Coronary Vasospasm
Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.		02.0810
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		02.4620
Argininosuccinate Synthase Deficiency Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
Citrullinemia
A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an elevation of serum levels of CITRULLINE. In neonates, clinical manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, and SEIZURES. Milder forms also occur. Childhood and adult forms may present with recurrent episodes of intermittent weakness, lethargy, ATAXIA, behavioral changes, and DYSARTHRIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p49)		02.0710
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute
[description not available]		02.0810
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute
A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.		02.0810
Deficiency, Muscle Phosphofructokinase
[description not available]		02.0710
Glycogen Storage Disease Type VII
An autosomal recessive glycogen storage disease in which there is deficient expression of 6-phosphofructose 1-kinase in muscle (PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, MUSCLE TYPE) resulting in abnormal deposition of glycogen in muscle tissue. These patients have severe congenital muscular dystrophy and are exercise intolerant.		02.0710
Abetalipoproteinemia
An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.		02.0810
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I
[description not available]		02.420
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
[description not available]		05.0231
Acidosis, Renal Tubular
A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.		02.420
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic
Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.		05.0231
Liver Abscess, Pyogenic
Single or multiple areas of PUS due to bacterial infection within the hepatic parenchyma. It can be caused by a variety of BACTERIA, local or disseminated from infections elsewhere such as in APPENDICITIS; CHOLECYSTITIS; PERITONITIS; and after LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.		02.0710
Edema, Fetal
[description not available]		02.0710
Cleft Spine
[description not available]		02.4520
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		02.7230
Alpers Diffuse Degeneration of Cerebral Gray Matter with Hepatic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.4320
Distal Muscular Dystrophies
[description not available]		02.0810
Distal Myopathies
A heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive MUSCULAR ATROPHY and MUSCLE WEAKNESS beginning in the hands, the legs, or the feet. Most are adult-onset autosomal dominant forms. Others are autosomal recessive.		02.0810
Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
[description not available]		02.0810
Vestibular Diseases
Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.		02.0810
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary
A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)		02.0810
African Sleeping Sickness
[description not available]		03.2260
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.		03.2260
Low Back Ache
[description not available]		03.8321
Low Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.		03.8321
Acoustic Trauma
Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.		02.0810
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced
Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.		02.0810
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.97140
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		03.7921
Action Tremor
[description not available]		03.0750
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		03.0750
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.0810
Epilepsies, Myoclonic
A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.		02.0810
Hyperdactyly
[description not available]		02.420
Angina at Rest
[description not available]		09.01158
Bleeding
[description not available]		08.4113
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		08.15174
Angina, Unstable
Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		09.01158
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		08.4113
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		08.15174
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		03.4880
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		08.4980
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		03.4880
HPV Infection
[description not available]		02.4120
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.0110
Fibroma, Shope
[description not available]		02.4220
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		02.0110
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		02.4120
Eulenburg Disease
[description not available]		02.4220
Decreased Muscle Tone
[description not available]		02.0110
Myotonic Disorders
Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be inherited or acquired. Myotonia may be restricted to certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand muscles) or occur as a generalized condition.		02.4220
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9140
Rett Syndrome
An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)		02.9140
Heartwater Disease
A tick-borne septicemic disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM.		02.0110
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		04.4851
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		04.4851
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida
[description not available]		02.940
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		03.2460
Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
[description not available]		02.0110
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		03.76110
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		03.76110
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive
A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)		02.0110
Colon Cancer, Familial Nonpolyposis
[description not available]		02.0110
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis
A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.		02.0110
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		02.6930
Hypospermatogenesis
[description not available]		02.7130
Hypogonadism
Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).		02.6930
Ataxias, Hereditary
[description not available]		02.0110
Amyloidosis, Hereditary
[description not available]		02.0110
Amyloidosis, Familial
Diseases in which there is a familial pattern of AMYLOIDOSIS.		02.0110
Night Blindness
Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0110
Dysembryoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Abscess, Tubercular, Intracranial
[description not available]		02.0110
Teratoma
A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)		02.0110
Congenital Myasthenia
[description not available]		02.0110
Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a congenital defect in neuromuscular transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This includes presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic disorders (that are not of autoimmune origin). The majority of these diseases are caused by mutations of various subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) on the postsynaptic surface of the junction. (From Arch Neurol 1999 Feb;56(2):163-7)		02.0110
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		02.6730
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		02.6730
Anoxia, Brain
[description not available]		03.4980
Heroin Abuse
[description not available]		02.0110
Heroin Dependence
Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.		02.0110
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.4220
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		02.4220
Rida
[description not available]		02.9240
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		04.661
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		04.661
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		03.5730
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		03.5730
Hemiplegia, Crossed
[description not available]		02.3720
Hemiplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.		02.3720
Asperger Disease
[description not available]		02.4220
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial
[description not available]		02.4220
Asperger Syndrome
A disorder beginning in childhood whose essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These symptoms may limit or impair everyday functioning. (From DSM-5)		02.4220
Polyneuropathy, Acquired
[description not available]		02.0110
Polyneuropathies
Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.		02.0110
Sphingolipid Storage Diseases
[description not available]		03.6230
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive
[description not available]		02.6930
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.6930
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		02.7130
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		02.7130
Anterior Horn Cell Disease
[description not available]		03.1150
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		03.1150
Foot and Mouth Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Common Migraine
[description not available]		02.0110
Migraine without Aura
Recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches, not preceded or accompanied by an aura, in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. It is characterized by PAIN of moderate to severe intensity; aggravated by physical activity; and associated with NAUSEA and / or PHOTOPHOBIA and PHONOPHOBIA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		02.0110
Encephalomyopathies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		02.6930
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		03.5690
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		03.5690
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		05.3751
Auditory Vertigo
[description not available]		03.411
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo
[description not available]		03.411
Pulsatile Tinnitus
[description not available]		03.411
Meniere Disease
A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.		03.411
Tinnitus
A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.		03.411
Vertigo
An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)		03.411
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.4220
Histoplasma capsulatum Infection
[description not available]		02.0110
Eye Infections, Fungal
Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.		02.0110
Histoplasmosis
Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.		02.0110
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		03.0450
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		04.03150
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		03.0450
Ornithosis
[description not available]		02.3420
Psittacosis
Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.		07.3420
Hypertension, Renal
Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.		03.4580
Potassium Deficiency
A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		02.3420
Brucella Infection
[description not available]		02.6430
Brucellosis
Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.		02.6430
Bouillaud Disease
[description not available]		02.3420
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.		02.3420
Adenohypophyseal Diseases
[description not available]		01.9310
Pituitary Diseases
Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.		01.9310
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		02.8640
Gastric Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.		02.3420
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		02.940
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		07.940
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.6430
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		02.6430
Bacillus anthracis Infection
[description not available]		03.0750
Anthrax
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.		03.0750
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		01.9310
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		01.9310
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		02.3520
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		04.0331
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		02.3520
Focal Neurologic Deficits
[description not available]		02.3420
Chloroma
[description not available]		01.9310
Sarcoma, Myeloid
An extramedullary tumor of immature MYELOID CELLS or MYELOBLASTS. Granulocytic sarcoma usually occurs with or follows the onset of ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		01.9310
Deficiency, Riboflavin
[description not available]		02.6330
Deficiency, Thiamine
[description not available]		03.4580
Deficiency, Vitamin B
[description not available]		03.0450
Thiamine Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)		03.4580
Vitamin B Deficiency
A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.		03.0450
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		02.3420
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		05.1662
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		05.1662
Human Trichinellosis
[description not available]		02.3620
Trichinellosis
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.		02.3620
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		02.3420
Silicosis
A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.		01.9410
Friedreich Disease
[description not available]		03.3370
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		02.3520
Meningitis, Tuberculous
[description not available]		01.9410
Friedreich Ataxia
An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)		03.3370
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		02.3520
Tuberculosis, Meningeal
A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)		01.9410
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		02.3520
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3520
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		02.6530
Melena
The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.		01.9310
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		01.9310
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.		01.9310
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		05.44250
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		05.01160
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		010.44250
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		05.01160
Granulomas
[description not available]		07.3520
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		07.3520
Newcastle Disease
An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.		02.8540
Deficiency, Protein
[description not available]		06.13200
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		02.6530
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		02.6530
Vaccinia
The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.		02.3420
Fusiform Aneurysm
Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		01.9410
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		02.3620
Aneurysm
Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.		01.9410
Aminoaciduria, Renal
[description not available]		04.8130
Jaundice, Cholestatic
[description not available]		01.9410
Jaundice, Obstructive
Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.		01.9410
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		02.3520
Hives
[description not available]		01.9410
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		02.3520
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		01.9410
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		01.9410
Avitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.6330
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		03.5590
Tuberculosis, Avian
A variety of TUBERCULOSIS affecting various birds, including chickens and ducks. It is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM and characterized by tubercles consisting principally of epithelioid cells.		01.9410
Elaeophoriasis
[description not available]		01.9410
Filariasis
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.		01.9410
Cystinuria
An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.		05.35140
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		02.6330
Cardiac Death
[description not available]		01.9410
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		02.8640
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		02.8640
Palsy
[description not available]		02.3820
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		02.3820
Autosomal Dominant Myotubular Myopathy
[description not available]		02.9310
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		06.61121
Goldblatt Syndrome
[description not available]		03.8140
Hypertension, Renovascular
Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.		03.8140
Autoimmune Experimental Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		02.0110
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		03.690
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13).		02.0110
Argentaffinoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Cancer of Duodenum
[description not available]		02.4120
Carcinoid Tumor
A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)		02.0110
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.0110
Delirium of Mixed Origin
[description not available]		02.0110
Delirium
A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)		02.0110
Cockayne-Touraine Disease
[description not available]		02.0210
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica
Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by atrophy of blistered areas, severe scarring, and nail changes. It is most often present at birth or in early infancy and occurs in both autosomal dominant and recessive forms. All forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa result from mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE VII, a major component fibrils of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPIDERMIS.		02.0210
Cancer of Granulosa Cells
[description not available]		02.0210
Tooth Discoloration
Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)		02.0210
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		02.0210
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		02.0210
Hand Deformities
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand.		02.0210
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.730
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.730
Deficiency of GP 2b 3a Complex
[description not available]		02.6830
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
[description not available]		02.4320
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.		02.4320
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		02.0210
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		02.0210
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.6730
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		02.6730
HIV Lipodystrophy Syndrome
[description not available]		05.0231
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
Defective metabolism leading to fat maldistribution in patients infected with HIV. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and probably involves some combination of infection-induced alterations in metabolism, direct effects of antiretroviral therapy, and patient-related factors.		05.0231
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.0210
Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4320
Ataxia Telangiectasia
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).		02.4320
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		02.3920
Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell
Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES).		02.0210
Plasmodium vivax Malaria
[description not available]		02.0210
Malaria, Vivax
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.		02.0210
Familial Precocious Puberty
[description not available]		02.420
Puberty, Precocious
Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.		02.420
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		04.75120
Infection
[description not available]		04.67110
Marasmus
[description not available]		03.9130
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		04.67110
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.		03.9130
Corneal Dystrophies
[description not available]		02.7230
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		02.4120
Mycosis Fungoides
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.		02.0210
Achromatopsia
Severely deficient color perception, typically with monochromacy and reduced visual acuity. The atypical form can include normal visual acuity with pseudomonochromacy.		02.6930
Color Vision Defects
Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.		02.6930
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital
[description not available]		02.7230
Afibrinogenemia
A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood.		02.7230
Alobar Holoprosencephaly
[description not available]		02.730
Anemia, Macrocytic
Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).		02.6530
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		03.0650
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.		04.1760
Marfan Syndrome, Type I
[description not available]		02.4120
Congenital Errors of Steroid Metabolism
[description not available]		02.0210
Marfan Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.		02.4120
Acquired Meningomyelocele
[description not available]		02.0210
Minimally Conscious State
[description not available]		02.0210
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		09.6499
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		09.6499
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.0210
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.0210
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies
[description not available]		02.4320
Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle
A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy that can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are many forms (called LGMDs) involving genes encoding muscle membrane proteins such as the sarcoglycan (SARCOGLYCANS) complex that interacts with DYSTROPHIN. The disease is characterized by progressing wasting and weakness of the proximal muscles of arms and legs around the HIPS and SHOULDERS (the pelvic and shoulder girdles).		02.4320
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative
[description not available]		02.4120
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.4120
Aldosteronism with Hyperplasia of the Adrenal Cortex
[description not available]		02.0210
Deficiency, Factor II
[description not available]		02.0210
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain
[description not available]		02.0210
Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy, Familial
[description not available]		02.0210
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3920
Foreign-Body Reaction
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.		02.3820
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		02.3920
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
[description not available]		02.9410
Intracranial Hypertension
Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.		02.9410
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		03.0950
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid
[description not available]		02.0210
Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia
[description not available]		02.0210
Cerebral Palsy
A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)		02.0210
Leukomalacia, Periventricular
Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)		02.0210
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		02.4220
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		02.4220
ARSA Deficiency
[description not available]		03.3320
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic
An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.		03.3320
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		02.6730
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		02.6730
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		02.0210
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal
[description not available]		02.0210
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		02.0210
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.		02.0210
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		02.0210
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.0210
Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm
[description not available]		02.0210
Anoxia, Fetal
[description not available]		02.4120
Fetal Hypoxia
Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.		02.4120
ATLL
[description not available]		02.9140
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		02.9140
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
[description not available]		02.8940
Oligodendroglioma
A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)		02.8940
Cretinism
[description not available]		02.3820
Congenital Hypothyroidism
A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.		02.3820
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		03.0750
Diabetes Insipidus and Mellitus with Optic Atrophy and Deafness
[description not available]		02.0210
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		03.0750
Wolfram Syndrome
A hereditary condition characterized by multiple symptoms including those of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS. This syndrome is also known as DIDMOAD (first letter of each word) and is usually associated with VASOPRESSIN deficiency. It is caused by mutations in gene WFS1 encoding wolframin, a 100-kDa transmembrane protein.		02.0210
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
[description not available]		02.0210
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.0210
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).		02.0210
Craniofacial Dysarthrosis
[description not available]		02.0310
ACY2 Deficiency
[description not available]		02.4420
Canavan Disease
A rare neurodegenerative condition of infancy or childhood characterized by white matter vacuolization and demeylination that gives rise to a spongy appearance. Aspartoacylase deficiency leads to an accumulation of N-acetylaspartate in astrocytes. Inheritance may be autosomal recessive or the illness may occur sporadically. This illness occurs more frequently in individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. The neonatal form features the onset of hypotonia and lethargy at birth, rapidly progressing to coma and death. The infantile form features developmental delay, DYSKINESIAS, hypotonia, spasticity, blindness, and megalencephaly. The juvenile form is characterized by ATAXIA; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEMENTIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p944; Am J Med Genet 1988 Feb;29(2):463-71)		02.4420
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		03.4111
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		03.4111
Cyanosis
A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.		02.3720
Pouch Ileitis
[description not available]		02.0310
Pouchitis
Acute INFLAMMATION in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA of the continent ileal reservoir (or pouch) in patients who have undergone ILEOSTOMY and restorative proctocolectomy (PROCTOCOLECTOMY, RESTORATIVE).		02.0310
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		03.2360
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.		02.8740
IgA Vasculitis
A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.		02.4120
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
[description not available]		02.0310
Retinal Artery Occlusion
Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye.		02.0310
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		03.4111
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		03.4111
Pink Eye
[description not available]		02.0310
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.0310
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0310
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular
An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0310
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		04.66290
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		04.66290
BCKD Deficiency
[description not available]		05.46110
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)		010.46110
Gyrate Atrophy
Progressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood.		02.0310
Hay Fever
[description not available]		02.0310
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		02.0310
Aneurysm, Ruptured
The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.		02.0310
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0310
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		07.0310
Infections, Listeria
[description not available]		02.6730
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
[description not available]		03.8240
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.		03.8240
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial
[description not available]		02.0310
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.		02.0310
Fibromatosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Fibroma
A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.		02.0310
Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
[description not available]		02.0310
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		03.66100
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		03.66100
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
[description not available]		02.0310
Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy
[description not available]		02.0310
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.		02.0310
Cancer of ILEUM
[description not available]		02.0310
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0310
Intestinal Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.0310
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		04.0931
Neurocytoma
A benign brain tumor composed of neural elements which most often arise from the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM and the walls of the lateral ventricles. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations may reveal expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin and cells containing microtubuli, neurosecretory granules, and presynaptic vesicles. (From Acta Med Port 1994 Feb;7(2):113-9)		07.0310
Cerebral Malaria
[description not available]		02.4220
Frostbite
Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures.		02.0310
Cancer of Digestive System
[description not available]		02.3920
Digestive System Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.		02.3920
Exfoliation Glaucoma
[description not available]		02.0310
Exfoliation Syndrome
The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)		02.0310
Childhood Torsion Disease
[description not available]		02.0310
Amyloid Angiopathy, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.4120
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)		02.4120
Paralysis, Legs
[description not available]		02.0310
Paraplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.		02.0310
Eye Abnormalities
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.		02.0310
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms
[description not available]		02.0310
Spasms, Infantile
An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)		02.0310
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		03.4311
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		03.4311
Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone
[description not available]		02.4120
Thyroiditis
Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.		02.0310
Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome
A complex systemic syndrome with inflammatory and autoimmune components that affect the skin, fascia, muscle, nerve, blood vessels, lung, and heart. Diagnostic features generally include EOSINOPHILIA, myalgia severe enough to limit usual activities of daily living, and the absence of coexisting infectious, autoimmune or other conditions that may induce eosinophilia. Biopsy of affected tissue reveals a microangiopathy associated with diffuse inflammation involving connective tissue. (From Spitzer et al., J Rheumatol Suppl 1996 Oct;46:73-9; Blackburn WD, Semin Arthritis Rheum 1997 Jun;26(6):788-93)		04.61100
Deficiency Disease, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
[description not available]		03.85120
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)		03.85120
Alexander Disease
Rare leukoencephalopathy with infantile-onset accumulation of Rosenthal fibers in the subpial, periventricular, and subependymal zones of the brain. Rosenthal fibers are GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN aggregates found in ASTROCYTES. Juvenile- and adult-onset types show progressive atrophy of the lower brainstem instead. De novo mutations in the GFAP gene are associated with the disease with propensity for paternal inheritance.		02.0310
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)
[description not available]		02.4220
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome
A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))		02.4220
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.0410
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental
A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.		02.0410
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		02.0410
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		02.0410
Cystic Echinococcosis
[description not available]		02.6830
Familial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia 1
[description not available]		02.0410
Congenital Hyperinsulinism
A familial, nontransient HYPOGLYCEMIA with defects in negative feedback of GLUCOSE-regulated INSULIN release. Clinical phenotypes include HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; SEIZURES; COMA; and often large BIRTH WEIGHT. Several sub-types exist with the most common, type 1, associated with mutations on an ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS (subfamily C, member 8).		02.0410
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.7621
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		03.7621
Proctitis
INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		03.8121
Complex IV Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0410
Dentin, Secondary
Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.		02.0410
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		02.0510
Distorted Hearing
[description not available]		03.5830
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		03.5530
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		03.5530
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		03.0450
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		03.0450
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly)
[description not available]		03.2720
Acromegaly
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)		03.2720
Pregnancy in Diabetes
[description not available]		07.13151
Island Cell Tumor
[description not available]		04.1360
Adenoma, Islet Cell
A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.		04.1360
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		02.3620
Asystole
[description not available]		02.6630
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.6630
Suffocation
[description not available]		01.9610
Asphyxia
A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.		06.9610
Hemoglobinopathies
A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.		04.15170
Coagulation Factor 12 Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9610
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.		02.3620
Abdomen, Acute
A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.		01.9610
Adenoma, beta-Cell
[description not available]		03.0750
Pancreatic Diseases
Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.		03.5690
Insulinoma
A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.		03.0750
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		02.6530
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		03.0550
Acidosis, Respiratory
Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.		02.8740
Alkalosis, Respiratory
A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3720
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.		01.9610
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		01.9610
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		03.83120
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		01.9610
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		01.9610
Haemophilus Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.		01.9610
Aprosodia
[description not available]		02.3620
Poisoning, Lead
[description not available]		03.260
Lead Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.		03.260
Cadmium Poisoning
Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.		01.9610
Francisella tularensis Infection
[description not available]		03.2720
Tularemia
A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.		03.2720
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		03.75110
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		03.75110
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		02.3620
Cancer of Pharynx
[description not available]		01.9610
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		02.3620
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.		01.9610
Gall Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		02.8640
Deficiency, Folic Acid
[description not available]		01.9610
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		01.9610
Cystine Diathesis
[description not available]		04.5960
Cystinosis
A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.		09.5960
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis
[description not available]		02.6630
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute
Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.		02.6630
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		03.75110
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		02.6430
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		02.8840
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		02.8840
Vibrio cholerae Infection
[description not available]		04.632
Cholera
An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.		09.632
Auricular Flutter
[description not available]		01.9510
Atrial Flutter
Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES).		01.9510
Thalassemias
[description not available]		04.09160
Thalassemia
A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.		04.09160
Giardia duodenalis Infection
[description not available]		02.3720
Giardiasis
An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.		02.3720
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		02.3520
Deficiency, Vitamin A
[description not available]		01.9610
Vitamin A Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)		01.9610
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		02.8740
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		02.8740
Alkalosis
A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.		03.2160
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		05.2120
Megacolon
Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON.		01.9510
Sarcoma 37
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		02.8640
Acantholysis Bullosa
[description not available]		01.9810
Epidermolysis Bullosa
Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.		01.9810
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.5790
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		03.5790
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		01.9810
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		01.9810
Hereditary Optic Atrophy
[description not available]		02.6930
Microphthalmia
[description not available]		01.9810
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).		01.9810
Lysosomal Enzyme Disorders
[description not available]		02.3920
Pigmentary Retinopathy
[description not available]		01.9810
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.		06.9810
Deficiency, Muscle Phosphorylase
[description not available]		03.320
Glycogen Storage Disease Type V
Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise.		03.320
Deficiency, Factor 5
[description not available]		01.9810
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis 2
[description not available]		02.8740
Acute-Phase Reaction
An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.		02.3920
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia
[description not available]		01.9810
Catatonic Rigidity
[description not available]		01.9810
Muscle Rigidity
Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)		06.9810
Chondrosarcoma
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3820
Glycosuria, Renal
An autosomal inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of GLUCOSE by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. The urinary loss of glucose can reach beyond 50 g/day. It is attributed to the mutations in the SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 encoded by the SLC5A2 gene.		03.5730
Elliptocytosis, Hereditary
An intrinsic defect of erythrocytes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The erythrocytes assume an oval or elliptical shape.		01.9810
Neuroectodermal Tumors
Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.		01.9810
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9810
Rotavirus Infections
Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.		04.0631
Hepatic Porphyria
[description not available]		02.910
Porphyrias, Hepatic
A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of LIVER enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of PORPHYRINS or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA), or both (HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues.		02.910
Deficiency, Protein C
[description not available]		02.3920
Muscle Spasm
[description not available]		02.6430
Spasm
An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.6430
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		01.9810
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		01.9810
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease
[description not available]		02.420
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.		02.420
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		01.9810
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		01.9810
Deficiency, Hexosediphosphatase
[description not available]		03.7940
Cranial Nerve II Diseases
[description not available]		01.9810
Optic Nerve Diseases
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.		01.9810
alpha-LCAT Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9810
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency
An autosomal recessive disorder of lipoprotein metabolism caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE gene. It is characterized by low HDL-cholesterol levels, and the triad of CORNEAL OPACITIES; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; and PROTEINURIA with renal failure.		01.9810
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		03.2360
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.2360
Lens Diseases
Diseases involving the CRYSTALLINE LENS.		01.9810
Spherocytosis, Hereditary
A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.		02.3920
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3820
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		02.3820
Chromosome Inversion
An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.		01.9810
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		02.6630
Candida Infection
[description not available]		03.8140
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.8140
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome
[description not available]		01.9810
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		02.8740
Actinomyces Infections
[description not available]		01.9810
Pus
[description not available]		01.9810
Fusobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.		01.9810
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9910
Hematoma, Subdural
Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.		01.9910
Arachnoid Cysts
Intracranial or spinal cavities containing a cerebrospinal-like fluid, the wall of which is composed of arachnoidal cells. They are most often developmental or related to trauma. Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to arachnoidal cistern and may present with HYDROCEPHALUS; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; and focal neurologic signs. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch44, pp105-115)		01.9910
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		01.9910
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		03.7821
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		03.7821
Deficiency, Protein S
[description not available]		01.9910
Dental Deposit
[description not available]		02.3820
Cardiac Output, Low
A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.		01.9910
Deficiency, Factor 7
[description not available]		02.420
Factor VII Deficiency
An autosomal recessive characteristic or a coagulation disorder acquired in association with VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY. FACTOR VII is a Vitamin K dependent glycoprotein essential to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.		02.420
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		01.9910
Diabetes Insipidus
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.		07.6630
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		02.3720
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		02.3720
ADPKD
[description not available]		01.9910
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant
Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.		01.9910
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
[description not available]		01.9910
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.		01.9910
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		02.3820
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		03.2260
Hyperlipoproteinemia
[description not available]		01.9910
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		02.3820
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.		01.9910
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		03.2260
Bites
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Embryonal
A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)		01.9910
Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma
[description not available]		01.9910
Impotence
[description not available]		01.9910
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		01.9910
Antithrombin 3 Deficiency
[description not available]		02.6830
Antithrombin III Deficiency
An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.		02.6830
Aseptic Meningitis
[description not available]		01.9910
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Type B
[description not available]		01.9910
Meningitis, Aseptic
A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)		01.9910
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis
[description not available]		03.3570
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease
An inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficient enzyme activity in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, resulting in deficiency of acetyl CoA and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. Two clinical forms are recognized: neonatal and juvenile. The neonatal form is a relatively common cause of lactic acidosis in the first weeks of life and may also feature an erythematous rash. The juvenile form presents with lactic acidosis, alopecia, intermittent ATAXIA; SEIZURES; and an erythematous rash. (From J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19(4):452-62) Autosomal recessive and X-linked forms are caused by mutations in the genes for the three different enzyme components of this multisubunit pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. One of the mutations at Xp22.2-p22.1 in the gene for the E1 alpha component of the complex leads to LEIGH DISEASE.		03.3570
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		07.3720
Obstructive Lung Diseases
[description not available]		03.0850
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.		03.0850
Genetic Diseases
[description not available]		02.3920
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.		02.3920
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular
Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		01.9910
Cytomegaloviral Retinitis
[description not available]		01.9910
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a major opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and can cause blindness.		01.9910
Fuch's Endothelial Dystrophy
[description not available]		01.9910
Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy
Disorder caused by loss of endothelium of the central cornea. It is characterized by hyaline endothelial outgrowths on Descemet's membrane, epithelial blisters, reduced vision, and pain.		01.9910
Besnoitiasis
[description not available]		01.9910
Ileal Diseases
Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		01.9910
Albright Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic
FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.		01.9910
EBS-DM
[description not available]		01.9910
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex
A form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by serous bullae that heal without scarring. Mutations in the genes that encode KERATIN-5 and KERATIN-14 have been associated with several subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.		01.9910
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		01.9910
Alport Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
Nephritis, Hereditary
A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		01.9910
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.420
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.420
Ambiguous Genitalia
[description not available]		01.9910
Disorders of Sex Development
In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.		01.9910
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		02.3720
Adenoma, alpha-Cell
[description not available]		02.3820
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		03.3811
Esophageal Diseases
Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.		03.3811
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		01.9910
Astrocytosis
[description not available]		0210
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
A familial coagulation disorder characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, unusually large platelets, and impaired prothrombin consumption.		02.4120
Classic Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
[description not available]		0210
Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of GALACTOSYLCERAMIDASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of galactolipids such as GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES and PSYCHOSINE. It is characterized by demyelination associated with large multinucleated globoid cells, predominantly involving the white matter of the central nervous system. The loss of MYELIN disrupts normal conduction of nerve impulses.		0210
Esophageal Varices
[description not available]		03.7621
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).		03.7621
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		0210
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		0210
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		0210
Schistosoma mansoni Infection
[description not available]		0210
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.		0210
Complex Partial Epilepsy
[description not available]		0210
Epilepsy, Complex Partial
A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)		0210
Infections, Yersinia
[description not available]		0210
Arthritis, Post-Infectious
[description not available]		02.3720
Arthritis, Reactive
An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.		02.3720
Glaucoma, Angle Closure
[description not available]		0210
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure
A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.		0210
Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease, Peripheral
[description not available]		0210
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		0210
Organophosphorus Poisoning
[description not available]		0210
Organophosphate Poisoning
Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.		0210
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		04.7121
Aujeszky Disease
[description not available]		0210
Body Weight, Fetal
[description not available]		0210
Aldrich Syndrome
[description not available]		0210
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.		0210
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus
[description not available]		0210
Congenital Hand Deformities
[description not available]		0210
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent
A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.		0210
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		02.3920
Verruca
[description not available]		0210
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3920
Warts
Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.		0210
Brain Hemorrhage
[description not available]		03.3911
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.		03.3911
Acrocephaly
Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.		0210
Craniosynostoses
Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.		0210
Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
[description not available]		0210
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis
[description not available]		0210
Familial Mediterranean Fever
A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.		0210
Classic Galactosemia
[description not available]		0210
Galactosemias
A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)		0210
Atypical Lipoma
[description not available]		03.3911
Lipoma
A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.		03.3911
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		02.3720
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		02.3720
Allergy, Latex
[description not available]		0210
Belching
[description not available]		03.3911
Berger Disease
[description not available]		0210
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.		0210
Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases, Hereditary
[description not available]		0210
Cardiomyopathy, Chagas
[description not available]		0210
Chagas Cardiomyopathy
A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.		0210
Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of inherited abnormalities in blood coagulation.		0210
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central
[description not available]		02.0110
Childhood Schizophrenia
[description not available]		02.0110
Alveolar Bone Atrophy
[description not available]		0210
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		02.0110
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		02.0110
Encephalopathy, Subacute Spongiform, Gerstmann-Straussler Type
[description not available]		02.3920
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		03.260
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		08.260
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		01.9510
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		01.9510
Adult Refsum Disease
[description not available]		02.8610
Arginino Succinase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.6530
Argininosuccinic Aciduria
Rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle which leads to the accumulation of argininosuccinic acid in body fluids and severe HYPERAMMONEMIA. Clinical features of the neonatal onset of the disorder include poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, tachypnea, coma, and death. Later onset results in milder set of clinical features including vomiting, failure to thrive, irritability, behavioral problems, or psychomotor retardation. Mutations in the ARGININOSUCCINATE LYASE gene cause the disorder.		02.6530
Brain Dead
[description not available]		02.3620
Cerebromalacia
[description not available]		03.260
Erythremia
[description not available]		01.9510
Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		01.9510
Polycythemia Vera
A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.		01.9510
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
[description not available]		01.9510
Glycogenosis
[description not available]		04.1260
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.		01.9510
Glycogen Storage Disease
A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.		04.1260
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		03.3370
Adenoma Sebaceum
Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis		01.9510
Angioma, Sclerosing
[description not available]		01.9510
Facial Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.		01.9510
Tuberous Sclerosis
Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.		01.9510
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous
A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)		01.9510
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		01.9510
Infections, Legionella pneumophila
[description not available]		01.9510
Malignant Hypertension
[description not available]		01.9510
Hypertension, Malignant
A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.		01.9510
Brain Damage, Chronic
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.		02.3520
Alcaptonuria
[description not available]		02.8710
Cerebro-Oculo-Renal Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8710
Amino Acid Transport Disorder, Neutral
[description not available]		05.590
Albinism
General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.		03.7420
Alkaptonuria
An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.		02.8710
Eye Manifestations
Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.		04.0230
Franklin Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Pappataci Fever
[description not available]		03.2720
Enteric Fever
[description not available]		03.2720
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.		03.2720
Injuries, Leg
[description not available]		01.9510
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		01.9510
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid
[description not available]		02.3520
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)		02.3520
Myoglobinuria
The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.		01.9510
Bacteriuria
The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.		02.6430
Leukemia L5178
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.		02.6530
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		02.3520
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		03.3470
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		03.3470
Albers-Schoenberg Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Osteopetrosis
Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).		01.9510
Urinary Calculi
Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.		08.3370
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		02.3620
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		02.3520
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		02.3520
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		01.9510
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		01.9510
Anemia, Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic
[description not available]		01.9510
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		01.9510
Neuroretinitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Spider Veins
[description not available]		01.9510
Retinitis
Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).		01.9510
Telangiectasis
Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.		01.9510
Goiter
Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).		02.8740
Fasciola Infection
[description not available]		01.9510
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		02.3520
Fascioliasis
Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.		01.9510
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		02.3520
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis
[description not available]		01.9510
Spondylitis, Ankylosing
A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.		01.9510
Water Intoxication
A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.		02.3620
Nanism
[description not available]		02.6530
Dwarfism
A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.		02.6530
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
[description not available]		02.8740
Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error
[description not available]		03.5630
Uveal Diseases
Diseases of the uvea.		01.9510
Placenta Diseases
Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.		01.9510
Myxedema
A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.		01.9810
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
[description not available]		01.9810
Inguinal Hernia
[description not available]		01.9810
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.		01.9810
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		01.9810
Plant Poisoning
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.		02.6430
Coenuri Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Cysticercosis
Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T. solium in man). In humans they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement results in NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS.		01.9810
Neurilemoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Neurilemmoma
A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)		01.9810
Nephrocalcinosis
A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		01.9810
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.6730
Urethral Obstruction
Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.		03.3611
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		03.7521
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		01.9710
Jejunal Diseases
Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.		02.3820
Infantile Diarrhea
[description not available]		04.632
Diarrhea, Infantile
DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.		04.632
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		01.9710
Inner Ear Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Labyrinth Diseases
Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).		01.9710
Mucopolysaccharidosis
[description not available]		01.9710
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.		01.9710
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy
[description not available]		04.0531
Myotonic Dystrophy
Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.		09.0531
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency
[description not available]		03.3611
Dwarfism, Pituitary
A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.		03.3611
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)		01.9710
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		01.9710
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		06.9710
Insect Bites
[description not available]		01.9710
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.		01.9710
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3620
Atresia, Esophageal
[description not available]		01.9710
Esophageal Atresia
Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA.		01.9710
Shock, Surgical
A type of shock that occurs as a result of a surgical procedure.		02.8910
Aganglionic Megacolon
[description not available]		01.9710
Hirschsprung Disease
Congenital MEGACOLON resulting from the absence of ganglion cells (aganglionosis) in a distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE. The aganglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing dilatation proximal to it. In most cases, the aganglionic segment is within the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON.		01.9710
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		01.9710
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine
A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.		03.2920
Bezoars
Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.		01.9710
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		01.9710
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		01.9710
ARG1 Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9610
Hyperargininemia
A rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. It is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme ARGINASE. Arginine is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic HYPERAMMONEMIA may occur. Disease onset is usually in infancy or early childhood. Clinical manifestations include seizures, microcephaly, progressive mental impairment, hypotonia, ataxia, spastic diplegia, and quadriparesis. (From Hum Genet 1993 Mar;91(1):1-5; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p51)		01.9610
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic
[description not available]		01.9610
Intraventricular Septal Defects
[description not available]		01.9710
Fallot's Tetralogy
[description not available]		01.9710
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular
Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.		01.9710
Tetralogy of Fallot
A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.		01.9710
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		02.3620
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		02.3620
Experimental High Pressure Neurological Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9610
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		02.6430
Calculus, Dental
[description not available]		01.9710
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic
[description not available]		02.6630
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		03.3511
Ascaridiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea.		01.9610
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
[description not available]		03.3511
Prostatitis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.		03.3511
Tracheal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.		01.9610
Renal Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		02.3520
Renal Artery Obstruction
Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).		02.3520
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		08.4580
Nephrosis
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.		02.3520
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.		01.9410
Prostatic Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.		03.7321
Infant Malnutrition
Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		02.3520
Carcinoma, Krebs 2
A transplantable neoplasm of mice.		01.9510
Arthropathies
[description not available]		01.9510
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		01.9510
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		01.9510
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		01.9510
Psychoses, Alcoholic
A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.		01.9410
Arthus Phenomenon
[description not available]		01.9410
Porphyria
[description not available]		03.2720
Dominant Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy, Type III
[description not available]		03.2720
Dysautonomia, Familial
An autosomal disorder of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems limited to individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. Clinical manifestations are present at birth and include diminished lacrimation, defective thermoregulation, orthostatic hypotension (HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC), fixed pupils, excessive SWEATING, loss of pain and temperature sensation, and absent reflexes. Pathologic features include reduced numbers of small diameter peripheral nerve fibers and autonomic ganglion neurons. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1348; Nat Genet 1993;4(2):160-4)		03.2720
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		03.2720
Avian Leukosis
A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.		01.9410
Amaurosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.6330
Adiadochokinesis
[description not available]		03.4480
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		02.6330
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9410
Myelopathy
[description not available]		06.9410
Congenital Foot Deformities
[description not available]		01.9410
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		01.9410
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)		08.4480
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		02.6330
Esophagitis
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.		01.9410
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		01.9410
Spinal Cord Diseases
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.		01.9410
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		01.9410
Cancer of Cecum
[description not available]		01.9410
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.		01.9410
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Adenovirus Infections
[description not available]		01.9410
Adenoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.		01.9410
Blood Protein Disorders
Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.		03.9650
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction
[description not available]		02.8610
Adrenal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.		02.8610
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		02.3520
Centriacinar Emphysema
[description not available]		01.9510
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion
[description not available]		01.9510
Hypopituitarism
Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.		01.9510
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9510
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy
[description not available]		01.9510
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9510
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		01.9510
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		01.9510
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.		01.9510
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		01.9510
Hypoparathyroidism
A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.		01.9510
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		01.9510
Cancer of Spleen
[description not available]		01.9510
Acute Q Fever
[description not available]		02.8610
Encephalitis, Equine
[description not available]		02.8610
Toxemia
A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.		02.8610
Pancreatic Cyst
A true cyst of the PANCREAS, distinguished from the much more common PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST by possessing a lining of mucous EPITHELIUM. Pancreatic cysts are categorized as congenital, retention, neoplastic, parasitic, enterogenous, or dermoid. Congenital cysts occur more frequently as solitary cysts but may be multiple. Retention cysts are gross enlargements of PANCREATIC DUCTS secondary to ductal obstruction. (From Bockus Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p4145)		01.9410
Pleuropneumonia
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with PLEURISY, inflammation of the PLEURA.		03.3311
Bronchiectasis
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.		03.3311
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		04.0231
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		03.3311
Capdepont Teeth
[description not available]		01.9510
Hypoproteinemia
A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.		02.3520
Rachitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		01.9510
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		01.9510
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		01.9510
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		01.9510
Duhring Disease
[description not available]		03.2720
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.		03.2720
Anemia, Splenic
[description not available]		01.9410
Keratoacanthoma
A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.		01.9410
Alactasia
[description not available]		02.3520
Lactose Intolerance
The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.		02.3520
Hypogalactia
A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.		02.8610
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		01.9410
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		01.9410
Hemoglobin C Disease
A disease characterized by compensated hemolysis with a normal hemoglobin level or a mild to moderate anemia. There may be intermittent abdominal discomfort, splenomegaly, and slight jaundice.		01.9410
Optic Atrophy
Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.		07.3520
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		01.9410
Disgerminoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		01.9410
Dysgerminoma
A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)		01.9410
Decerebrate Posturing
[description not available]		02.3520
Decalcification, Pathologic
The loss of calcium salts from bones and teeth. Bacteria may be responsible for this occurrence in teeth. Old age may be a factor contributing to calcium loss, as is the presence of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.		01.9410
Calcium Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.		01.9410
Anemia, Sideroblastic
Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.		01.9410
Pellagra
A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).		01.9410
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		01.9410
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Clostridium tetani Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Diphtheria
A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.		01.9410
Tetanus
A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.		01.9410
Malaria, Avian
Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera PLASMODIUM, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria.		01.9410
Abortion, Veterinary
Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.		01.9410
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		01.9410
Lipidoses
Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.		01.9410
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		01.9410
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		01.9410
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		01.9410
Microcephaly
A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)		01.9410
Babesia Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Pyelitis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed.		02.3420
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		01.9410
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		01.9410
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex
[description not available]		01.9410
Reflex, Abnormal
An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.		01.9410
Carcinoma, Brown-Pearce
A transplantable EPITHELIAL CELL neoplasm of rabbits.		01.9410
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory
[description not available]		01.9410
Encephalomyelitis
A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.		01.9410
Chicken Pox
[description not available]		01.9410
Measles, German
[description not available]		01.9410
Chickenpox
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Scarlet Fever
Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.		01.9410
Beriberi, Cerebral
[description not available]		01.9410
Asthma, Cardiac
[description not available]		01.9410
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		01.9410
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
[description not available]		01.9410