A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299).
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|
| acetic acid | A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | acetic acid |
| benzoic acid | A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent. | benzoic acid |
| diphenyl | A benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of two benzene rings connected by a single covalent bond. Biphenyl occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil, and natural gas. Formerly used as a fungicide for citrus crops. | biphenyl |
| ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate | An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol, | ethylparaben |
| methylparaben | A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries. | methylparaben |
| natamycin | A macrolide antibiotic that has formula C33H47NO13, produced by several Streptomyces species including Streptomyces natalensis. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and used in eye drops, and as a food preservative, and also as a postharvest biofungicide for citrus and other fruit crops. | natamycin |
| propyl benzoate | A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and propanol. It has a balsamic odor reminescent of nuts with a sweet, fruity, nut-like taste. | propyl benzoate |
| sodium benzoate | An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | sodium benzoate |
| sodium nitrite | An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning. | sodium nitrite |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|
| 15-lipoxygenase, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 2 |
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.8999 | 2 | 2 |
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 62.2713 | 1 | 1 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.5154 | 1 | 2 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.8952 | 5 | 5 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 61.9266 | 2 | 4 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.6596 | 2 | 3 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.4668 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.6816 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 32.7796 | 1 | 4 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 89.1251 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.9349 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.3746 | 9 | 23 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.4562 | 2 | 6 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 58.4104 | 5 | 7 |
| G | Vesicular stomatitis virus | Potency | 18.6816 | 1 | 2 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.9333 | 2 | 5 |
| GLS protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.1623 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 33.9338 | 1 | 2 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 45.3024 | 2 | 4 |
| Histamine H2 receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 4 |
| histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 43.7176 | 1 | 1 |
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.6816 | 1 | 2 |
| Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.6816 | 1 | 4 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.6816 | 1 | 2 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0355 | 1 | 1 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 93.8968 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.3722 | 4 | 9 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.5131 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 47.3079 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.8254 | 3 | 12 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.9410 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.9635 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 2 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.4827 | 1 | 1 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.3060 | 1 | 1 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 14.1699 | 2 | 6 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 45.3982 | 3 | 9 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.8229 | 2 | 2 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 3.8937 | 1 | 2 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 77.3112 | 2 | 2 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 55.4725 | 1 | 1 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.3913 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 33.9338 | 1 | 2 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|
| Alpha-glucosidase MAL12 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C | IC50 | 300.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Androgen receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 426.5800 | 1 | 1 |
| ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta-lactamase | Klebsiella pneumoniae | IC50 | 2,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Bile salt export pump | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Candida albicans SC5314 | Ki | 24.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Methanosarcina thermophila | Ki | 6,800.0000 | 3 | 3 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Astrosclera willeyana | Ki | 63,800.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 | Ki | 940.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 6,176.4091 | 10 | 11 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 12 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 4.7100 | 1 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 14 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 5.9000 | 1 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 51,548.5545 | 21 | 22 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 15,437.3500 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 11,505.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 7 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 4.7400 | 1 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 50,004.5667 | 2 | 3 |
| Chain A, Oxygen-insensitive Nad(p)h Nitroreductase | Enterobacter cloacae | Ki | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain B, Oxygen-insensitive Nad(p)h Nitroreductase | Enterobacter cloacae | Ki | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 1A2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 160.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| D-amino-acid oxidase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 62.1723 | 4 | 4 |
| D-amino-acid oxidase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 22.2800 | 5 | 5 |
| D-aspartate oxidase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10,000.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Fibrinogen C domain-containing protein 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Free fatty acid receptor 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 120.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 63,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 54.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 54.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0019 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyphenol oxidase 2 | Agaricus bisporus | IC50 | 425.3220 | 5 | 5 |
| Serine racemase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 20 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 13.8019 | 1 | 2 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 6 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 252.0945 | 1 | 2 |
| Tyrosinase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 520.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |