Agent that dilates the pupil. Used in eye diseases and to facilitate eye examination. It may be either a sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic. The latter cause cycloplegia or paralysis of accommodation at high doses and may precipitate glaucoma.
ChEBI ID: 50513
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| cyclopentolate | A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)(phenyl)acetic acid with N,N-dimethylethanolamine. A tertiary amine antimuscarinic with actions similar to atropine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action. | cyclopentolate |
| phenylephrine | A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | phenylephrine |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 4,506 (33.46) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3,570 (26.51) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 2,926 (21.73) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1,985 (14.74) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 481 (3.57) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 947 (6.61%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 222 (1.55%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 518 (3.62%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 37 (0.26%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 12,604 (87.97%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D(1A) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.6234 | 1 | 1 |
| dopamine D1 receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.8356 | 1 | 1 |
| EWS/FLI fusion protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0264 | 1 | 1 |
| glp-1 receptor, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7308 | 1 | 1 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.2512 | 2 | 2 |
| NFKB1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.5481 | 2 | 2 |
| ras-related protein Rab-9A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 91.9997 | 1 | 1 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.1220 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Bos taurus (cattle) | Ki | 0.9332 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.1622 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 3.1311 | 2 | 2 |
| Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor | Mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster) | Ki | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 6.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 3.1311 | 2 | 2 |
| Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.3900 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.3300 | 2 | 2 |
| Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.3900 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.3300 | 2 | 2 |
| Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.3900 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.3300 | 2 | 2 |
| Beta-1 adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 13.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Bos taurus (cattle) | EC50 | 0.0090 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.0555 | 2 | 2 |
| Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.0034 | 2 | 2 |
| Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | EC50 | 0.0100 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.3060 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.3400 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta-1 adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 6.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta-2 adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 6.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta-3 adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 6.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC40 | 0.0780 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC40 | 0.0780 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC40 | 0.0780 | 1 | 1 |
| POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 221.2000 | 1 | 1 |