phosphorus profile

Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5462309
CHEBI ID	33464
MeSH ID	M0016721

Synonym
12185-10-3
white phosphorus
red phosphorus
violet phosphorus
phosphorus
7723-14-0
phosphorus 31
27ylu75u4w ,
P
phosphorus kit refill
dtxcid204382
chebi:33464
phosphorus 30c
phosphorus7130
phosphorus 8
phosphorous (nos)
phosphorus 6
phosphorus200ck
phosphorus 200c
phosphorus 30
phosphorus 6c
phosphorus 30 special order

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" LD50 for IalphaOHD3 was equal to 100 microgram/kg, if it was administered during 5 days per os."	( [Comparative study of the biological activity and toxic effect of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol and ergocalciferol in rats]. Avakumov, VM; Blazheevich, NV; Bogoslovskiĭ, NA; Samokhvalov, GI; Spirichev, VB, )	0.13
" This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects associated with repeated or continuous exposure to CTP by both dermal and inhalation routes."	( Determination of the toxicity of cyclotriphosphazene hydraulic fluid by 21-day repeated inhalation and dermal exposure. Grabau, J; Kimmel, E; Kinkead, E; Wall, H, 1990)	0.28
" Dietary CHOL inhibited toxic responses such as a diminished growth rate following anorexia, elevated serum calcium level and calcium deposition in tissues, which were produced by a sublethal dose of VD2 (20 x 10(4) IU/kg, once daily for 4 days)."	( Cholesterol reduces and corticosteroids enhance the toxicity of vitamin D in rats. Bandô, Y; Futagawa, Y; Kunitomo, M; Tanaka, Y; Yamaguchi, Y, 1989)	0.28
" Toxic levels of theophylline were associated with hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and hypotension in both the patient and the experimental series."	( Theophylline toxicity and the beta-adrenergic system. Curtis, GP; Kearney, TE; Manoguerra, AS; Ziegler, MG, 1985)	0.27
"Effects of light intensity, temperature, and nutrients on the toxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated, using a toxic strain which kills mice."	( Effects of environmental factors on toxicity of a cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) under culture conditions. Oishi, S; Watanabe, MF, 1985)	0.27
"The acute intravenous toxicity of disodium dihydrogen (1-hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate (etidronate disodium; I) and the mechanism of this toxic response have been investigated in 40 beagle dogs."	( Acute intravenous infusion of disodium dihydrogen (1-hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate: mechanism of toxicity. Francis, MD; Slough, CL, 1984)	0.27
" Treatments of these imbalances in the past had an adverse effect on bones; present-day treatments are not without complications."	( Calcium/phosphate imbalances, aluminum toxicity, and renal osteodystrophy. Brunier, GM, 1994)	0.29
" Though there was a stable tendency for hyperphosphatemia and altered blood calcium concentrations, the 24,25-DOHK formulations under test, unlike 1-OXK and 1,25-DOXK, displayed no toxic properties on the kidney, heart and aorta and produced a mineralizing effect on bone tissue in the acute period."	( [The toxicity of different forms of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol preparations in rats]. Trishkin, SV, )	0.13
" This may permit a better evaluation of the pharmacologic and toxic effects not directly associated with the calcium-regulating properties of vitamin D metabolites and analogues."	( Toxicity of vitamin D analogues in rats fed diets with standard or low calcium contents. Binderup, L; Brinck, P; Mortensen, JT, 1993)	0.29
" However, when the Fe content of the cereal-milk formula was doubled by supplementation with bovine blood, the adverse effects on the digestive utilization of Ca, and especially of Mg, were palliated, the concentration of these two minerals in the organs investigated increased, and the overall Fe status improved in Fe-deficient rats."	( Supplementation of a cereal-milk formula with haem iron palliates the adverse effects of iron deficiency on calcium and magnesium metabolism in rats. Alférez, MJ; Barrionuevo, M; Campos, MS; Gómez-Ayala, AE; Hartiti, S; Lisbona, F; López-Aliaga, I; Pallarés, I, 1996)	0.29
" Adverse effects of a wide Ca:tP ratio were greater at the low P diet for all responses."	( Adverse effects of wide calcium:phosphorus ratios on supplemental phytase efficacy for weanling pigs fed two dietary phosphorus levels. Conner, DE; Kornegay, ET; Qian, H, 1996)	0.29
" These data indicate that alum can be toxic to young broiler chicks, but at levels that would not be expected to be reached through litter consumption, and that alum did not increase intestinal strength."	( Evaluation of the toxicity of alum (aluminum sulfate) in young broiler chickens. Balog, JM; Bayyari, GR; Huff, WE; Moore, PA; Rath, NC, 1996)	0.29
" To estimate the toxicity of P4 to swans and compare the toxic effects to those of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), we dosed 30 juvenile mute swans (C."	( Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of white phosphorus in mute swans, Cygnus olor. Day, D; Klein, P; Sparling, DW, 1999)	0.3
" In conclusion, rapid infusion of alendronate brings about no major adverse effects, and makes it easier for many patients with bone metastasis to receive alendronate therapy on an outpatient basis."	( [A study of the safety of rapid infusion of alendronate]. Kokawa, Y; Oura, S; Sakurai, T; Tamaki, T; Umemura, T; Yoshimura, G, 1999)	0.3
" Adverse events that were considered by the investigator to have a possible."	( A long-term, multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of paricalcitol in end-stage renal disease. Acchiardo, SR; González, EA; Lindberg, J; Martin, KJ; Soltanek, C; Valdin, JR, 2001)	0.31
"This long-term study of paricalcitol demonstrates that it rapidly and effectively suppresses iPTH levels in a wide spectrum of ESRD patients and caused no unexpected adverse events."	( A long-term, multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of paricalcitol in end-stage renal disease. Acchiardo, SR; González, EA; Lindberg, J; Martin, KJ; Soltanek, C; Valdin, JR, 2001)	0.31
" The results of this study suggest that LCLT, when used as a dietary supplement, has no adverse effects on metabolic and hematological safety variables in normally healthy men."	( Safety measures of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation in healthy men. French, DN; Gómez, AL; Kraemer, WJ; Ratamess, NA; Rubin, MR; Sharman, MJ; Volek, JS, 2001)	0.31
"0 g kg(-1) and no toxic signs were observed in the surviving animals."	( Acute toxicity studies of alpha-ketoglutarate: a promising antidote for cyanide poisoning. Bhattacharya, R; Kumar, D; Pant, SC; Sugendran, K; Tulsawani, RK; Vijayaraghavan, R, )	0.13
" The antitumor and toxic effects are mediated in part by different mechanisms, thus, permitting a selective inhibition of certain side effects."	( BGP-15 - a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor - protects against nephrotoxicity of cisplatin without compromising its antitumor activity. Berente, Z; Bernath, S; Gallyas, F; Jaszlits, L; Literati-Nagy, P; Osz, E; Rabloczky, G; Racz, I; Sumegi, B; Tory, K, 2002)	0.31
" No significant side effect was seen during the trial."	( Effect of oral calcitriol pulse therapy on the lipid, calcium, and glucose homeostasis of hemodialysis-patients: its safety in a combination with oral calcium carbonate. Khajehdehi, P; Taheri, S, 2003)	0.32
"Our findings indicate that short-term oral calcitriol pulse therapy in combination with calcium carbonate is safe and beneficial for metabolic abnormalities of HD patients; however, its safety for prolonged therapy is yet to be proved."	( Effect of oral calcitriol pulse therapy on the lipid, calcium, and glucose homeostasis of hemodialysis-patients: its safety in a combination with oral calcium carbonate. Khajehdehi, P; Taheri, S, 2003)	0.32
" The feeding of 1% soybean paste to hens reduced the adverse effects of aflatoxin on body weight, relative organ weights, egg production, and aflatoxin accumulation in eggs and improved serum calcium and ALT levels and the histopathological lesions of the liver."	( Reduction of aflatoxins by Korean soybean paste and its effect on cytotoxicity and reproductive toxicity--Part 3. Inhibitory effects of Korean soybean paste (doen-jang) on aflatoxin toxicity in laying hens and aflatoxin accumulation in their eggs. Kim, JG; Kim, PG; Lee, YW; Roh, WS; Shintani, H, 2003)	0.32
" Guthion and coumaphos, although highly toxic by topical application, were both ineffective as contact insecticides when applied as solids in suspension."	( The toxicity of some organophosphorus compounds to adult Anopheles stephensi. BARLOW, F; HADAWAY, AB, 1963)	0.24
" Many of the phosphoramidates are less toxic than their phosphoramidothionate analogues, probably due to less favourable physical properties."	( THE COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF PHOSPHORAMIDOTHIONATES AND PHOSPHORAMIDATES TO SUSCEPTIBLE AND INSECTICIDE-RESISTANT HOUSEFLIES AND MOSQUITOS. GEORGHIOU, GP; MARCH, RB; METCALF, RL; PRINTY, GE, 1964)	0.24
" The UASB and anoxic UASB reactor effluents were less toxic relative to the influent when analyzed by anaerobic toxicity tests and specific methanogenic activity tests, indicating that such anaerobic/anoxic aerobic sequential treatments could be able to reduce toxic organics together with nutrient removal."	( Simultaneous toxicity and nutrient removals in simulated DEPHANOX (anaerobic/anoxic/oxic sequentials) process treating dinitrotoluene and trichlorotoluene. Atalay, H; Sponza, DT, 2004)	0.32
" Serum levels of phosphorus, calcium and parathyroid hormone, and adverse events were monitored throughout the study."	( Efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate for reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis. Finn, WF; Hladik, G; Joy, MS, 2004)	0.32
" Adverse events were mainly gastrointestinal (e."	( Efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate for reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis. Finn, WF; Hladik, G; Joy, MS, 2004)	0.32
"Myocardial hypertrophy, impaired renal function, and adverse effects on bone remodeling were associated with hyperphosphatemia and were not corrected by PTH replacement."	( Adverse effects of hyperphosphatemia on myocardial hypertrophy, renal function, and bone in rats with renal failure. dos Reis, LM; Graciolli, FG; Jorgetti, V; Moysés, RM; Neves, KR; Pasqualucci, CA, 2004)	0.32
" Safety and tolerability were assessed by monitoring adverse events, laboratory parameters, and vital signs."	( A long-term, open-label extension study on the safety of treatment with lanthanum carbonate, a new phosphate binder, in patients receiving hemodialysis. Finn, WF; Joy, MS, 2005)	0.33
"Lanthanum carbonate was well tolerated and was associated with few treatment-related adverse events."	( A long-term, open-label extension study on the safety of treatment with lanthanum carbonate, a new phosphate binder, in patients receiving hemodialysis. Finn, WF; Joy, MS, 2005)	0.33
" However, chemical parameters could not demonstrate the spatial variation of water quality of the estuary, and they could not assess adverse effects of chemicals in mixtures as well."	( Assessing surface water quality of the Yangtze Estuary with genotoxicity data. Wu, JY, 2005)	0.33
" Risedronate was safe and effective in osteoporotic women with mild, moderate, or severe age-related renal impairment."	( Safety and efficacy of risedronate in patients with age-related reduced renal function as estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault method: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials. Barton, IP; Boonen, S; Burgio, DE; Dunlap, LE; Miller, PD; Roux, C, 2005)	0.33
" Risedronate is a pyridinyl bisphosphonate well established as safe and effective in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis."	( Safety and efficacy of risedronate in patients with age-related reduced renal function as estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault method: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials. Barton, IP; Boonen, S; Burgio, DE; Dunlap, LE; Miller, PD; Roux, C, 2005)	0.33
" The incidences of overall adverse events and of renal function-related adverse events were similar in the placebo and risedronate 5 mg groups regardless of renal function."	( Safety and efficacy of risedronate in patients with age-related reduced renal function as estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault method: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials. Barton, IP; Boonen, S; Burgio, DE; Dunlap, LE; Miller, PD; Roux, C, 2005)	0.33
"These findings show that risedronate is safe and effective in osteoporotic women with age-related mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment."	( Safety and efficacy of risedronate in patients with age-related reduced renal function as estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault method: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials. Barton, IP; Boonen, S; Burgio, DE; Dunlap, LE; Miller, PD; Roux, C, 2005)	0.33
" Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), full laboratory parameters and blood profiles."	( Lanthanum carbonate versus standard therapy for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia: safety and efficacy in chronic maintenance hemodialysis patients. Finn, WF, 2006)	0.33
" Efforts to enhance prescriber education and implement computerized prescribing and decision support systems have the potential to improve prescribing and reduce possibilities of adverse drug events and medication errors related to potassium and phosphate administration."	( Potassium and phosphorus repletion in hospitalized patients: implications for clinical practice and the potential use of healthcare information technology to improve prescribing and patient safety. Badesch, DB; Hemstreet, BA; May, SK; McCollum, M; Stolpman, N, 2006)	0.33
"The toxic effects of heavy metals have been extensively documented in different organisms."	( Toxic effects of zinc on anaerobic microbiota from Zimapán Reservoir (Mexico). Amora-Lazcano, E; López-López, E; Proal-Nájera, JB; Terrón, O; Vega-López, A, 2007)	0.34
" It is concluded that the No Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAELs) for repeat dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity are 100 mg kg-1 day-1 in this screening study."	( Screening study for repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of rubber accelerator, N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, in rats. Ema, M; Hirose, A; Ito, Y; Kamata, E; Matsumoto, M, 2007)	0.34
" In this study, a preliminary investigation was carried out on the bioaccumulation and the toxic effects of HCB in the microbial (protozoan in particular) communities in the Fuhe River, Wuhan, a water body receiving industrial wastewaters containing HCB and other pollutants, using the standardized polyurethane foam units (PFU) method."	( Monitoring bioaccumulation and toxic effects of hexachlorobenzene using the polyurethane foam unit method in the microbial communities of the Fuhe River, Wuhan. Cao, L; Chen, ZL; Gan, L; Liu, T; Lv, ZZ; Shen, YF, 2007)	0.34
" In fact, although pesticides were not detected in elutriates, high levels of un-ionized ammonia were recorded, which is considered highly toxic to aquatic life."	( A whole sample toxicity assessment to evaluate the sub-lethal toxicity of water and sediment elutriates from a lake exposed to diffuse pollution. Abrantes, N; de Figueiredo, DR; Gonçalves, F; Marques, CR; Pereira, MJ; Pereira, R, 2009)	0.35
" There were no new or unexpected adverse events (AEs), and no increase in the incidence of events with increasing treatment exposure."	( Long-term efficacy and safety profile of lanthanum carbonate: results for up to 6 years of treatment. Barnett, ME; Hutchison, AJ; Krause, R; Kwan, JT; Siami, GA, 2008)	0.35
"In two randomized, controlled trials, small differences in glomerular filtration rate over time were noted but no clinically relevant renal disease or adverse events were demonstrated in antiretroviral-naive patients treated with TDF through 144 weeks."	( The 3-year renal safety of a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs. a thymidine analogue-containing regimen in antiretroviral-naive patients. Chen, SS; Cheng, AK; DeJesus, E; Enejosa, JV; Gallant, JE; Pozniak, AL; Winston, JA, 2008)	0.35
" Treatment generally was well tolerated, and most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet HCl in participants with CKD not receiving dialysis. Abboud, HE; Albizem, MB; Block, GA; Charytan, C; Chonchol, M; de Francisco, AL; Jolly, S; Kaplan, M; Kubo, Y; Locatelli, F; Mix, TC; Roger, SD; Sarkar, S, 2009)	0.35
"Both eutrophication and SO4 pollution can lead to higher availability of nutrients and potentially toxic compounds in wetlands."	( Interacting effects of sulphate pollution, sulphide toxicity and eutrophication on vegetation development in fens: a mesocosm experiment. Geurts, JJ; Lamers, LP; Roelofs, JG; Sarneel, JM; Verhoeven, JT; Willers, BJ, 2009)	0.35
" The cellular metal to P ratio was better than the cellular P concentration at predicting the toxic effects of metals under different P conditions."	( The importance of cellular phosphorus in controlling the uptake and toxicity of cadmium and zinc in Microcystis aeruginosa, a freshwater cyanobacterium. Wang, WX; Zeng, J, 2009)	0.35
" Toxic responses to mercury were more evident than for arsenic, especially in shoot tissues."	( Arsenic- and mercury-induced phytotoxicity in the Mediterranean shrubs Pistacia lentiscus and Tamarix gallica grown in hydroponic culture. Carpena-Ruiz, RO; Esteban, E; Moreno-Jiménez, E; Peñalosa, JM, 2009)	0.35
" Results showed that naphthalene was less toxic under N,P-starved condition."	( The toxicity of naphthalene to marine Chlorella vulgaris under different nutrient conditions. Kong, Q; Shen, X; Zhu, L, 2010)	0.36
" No treatment-related serious adverse events were observed nor were there clinically relevant changes in iron indices."	( Efficacy and safety of SBR759, a new iron-based phosphate binder. Amer, A; Block, GA; Brillhart, SL; Persky, MS; Slade, AJ, 2010)	0.36
" Beneficial recycling in agriculture is hampered by the fact that WTRs contain potentially toxic contaminants (e."	( Effect of water treatment residuals on soil phosphorus, copper and aluminium availability and toxicity. Lombi, E; McLaughlin, MJ; Stevens, DP, 2010)	0.36
"Screening whole effluent toxicity tests are cost/effective methods for detecting the presence of toxic concentrations of unknown pollutants, but the application must solve the problem associated with the effect of high and variable concentrations of nutrients in the effluent on the results of algal toxicity tests."	( A cost/effective screening method for assessing the toxicity of nutrient rich effluents to algae. Carbonell, G; Fernández, C; Tarazona, JV, 2010)	0.36
"STS treatment is feasible, appears safe and may decrease the rate of progression of vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients."	( Effects of sodium thiosulfate on vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease: a pilot study of feasibility, safety and efficacy. Bierhals, A; Cabellon, A; Davila-Roman, VG; de Las Fuentes, L; Delmez, JA; Mathews, SJ; Podaralla, P; Slatopolsky, E; Spence, K; Zheng, S, 2011)	0.37
" On the other hand, these adverse effects of PPI were not observed in the DFL group."	( A dairy product fermented by lactobacilli cancels the adverse effects of hypochlorhydria induced by a proton pump inhibitor on bone metabolism in growing rats. Ashida, K; Kaneko, T; Komaba, Y; Maruyama, S; Takasugi, S; Yamaji, T, 2011)	0.37
"Extended-release nicotinic acid is effective and safe in reducing serum phosphorus as an add-on standard therapy in hemodialysis patients."	( Effectiveness and safety of extended-release nicotinic acid for reducing serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients. Aramwit, P; Srisawadwong, R; Supasyndh, O, )	0.13
" Intermediates products were all less toxic than 4-chlorophenol and a significant removal of the overall toxicity was accomplished."	( Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol under P-modified TiO2/UV system: kinetics, intermediates, phytotoxicity and acute toxicity. Elghniji, K; Hentati, O; Ksibi, M; Mahfoudh, A; Mlaik, N, 2012)	0.38
" Four serious adverse events were reported; none were related to the study drug."	( The safety and tolerability of ferric citrate as a phosphate binder in dialysis patients. Dwyer, J; Greene, T; Korbet, S; Koury, M; Lewis, J; Shapiro, W; Sika, M; Sinsakul, M; Smith, M, 2012)	0.38
"Ferric citrate was well tolerated by patients after 4 weeks with no significant clinical or biochemical adverse events related to exposure."	( The safety and tolerability of ferric citrate as a phosphate binder in dialysis patients. Dwyer, J; Greene, T; Korbet, S; Koury, M; Lewis, J; Shapiro, W; Sika, M; Sinsakul, M; Smith, M, 2012)	0.38
"Calcimimetic treatment effectively improved biochemical parameters of SHPT patients receiving dialysis without increasing all-cause mortality and all adverse events."	( Effects and safety of calcimimetics in end stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a meta-analysis. Chen, J; Gu, Y; Hao, C; Li, H; Li, M; Ni, L; You, L; Zhang, Q, 2012)	0.38
" Additionally, when considering the subjects' adverse effects and the results of the blood and urine tests over the 4-week trial period, the dose of 400 mg Polycalcium showed efficacy for improving bone metabolism and was well tolerated and safe."	( Safety and efficacy of polycalcium for improving biomarkers of bone metabolism: a 4-week open-label clinical study. Cho, HR; Choi, IS; Choi, JS; Kim, JD; Kim, JW; Park, MY, 2013)	0.39
" Adverse effects reported in association with preworkout supplements include gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiac arrhythmia, blood pressure increases, and potential effects on lipids and blood glucose."	( Efficacy and safety of ingredients found in preworkout supplements. Ambrose, PJ; Eudy, AE; Gordon, LL; Hockaday, BC; Lee, DA; Lee, V; Luu, D; Martinez, CA, 2013)	0.39
" This study examined the relationship between the toxic effects of Cr on the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris and phosphorus (P) availability on the algal physiology and ultrastructure."	( Phosphorus availability changes chromium toxicity in the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris. Fu, Z; Jiang, Y; Qian, H; Sun, L; Sun, Z; Wei, Y; Xie, J, 2013)	0.39
" The toxic effects of chromium and the moderation of toxicity due to phosphorus amendment were determined as accumulation of chromium, nitrogen, phosphorus in root tissues and their effects were also examined in the changes in biomass, chlorophyll and antioxidant enzyme levels."	( Amendment in phosphorus levels moderate the chromium toxicity in Raphanus sativus L. as assayed by antioxidant enzymes activities. Sayantan, D, 2013)	0.39
" In light of these results, we can assume that the tested VPD are relatively safe for mouse neuroblastoma cells."	( Viologen-phosphorus dendrimers exhibit minor toxicity against a murine neuroblastoma cell line. Bryszewska, M; El Kadib, A; Gabryelak, T; Katir, N; Lazniewska, J; Majoral, JP; Milowska, K, 2013)	0.39
" In the current study, we investigated whether the toxic effects of a reemerging contaminant, silver (Ag), on leaf litter decomposition could be partly overcome in situations where microorganisms were benefitting from high phosphorus (P) availability, the latter being a key chemical element that often limits detritus decomposition."	( Phosphorus availability modulates the toxic effect of silver on aquatic fungi and leaf litter decomposition. Clivot, H; Danger, M; Felten, V; Funck, JA; Guérold, F; Rousselle, P, 2013)	0.39
" Bioremediation counter balanced the toxic effects of phenanthrene since meiofauna and bacteria abundances were significantly higher (p < 0."	( Biostimulation as an attractive technique to reduce phenanthrene toxicity for meiofauna and bacteria in lagoon sediment. Aissa, P; Cravo-Laureau, C; Duran, R; Got, P; Louati, H; Mahmoudi, E; Pringault, O; Said, OB; Soltani, A, 2014)	0.4
" The toxicity test results indicated that the influent samples were toxic to both test species."	( Toxicity evaluation of pharmaceutical wastewaters using the alga Scenedesmus obliquus and the bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Li, R; Li, Z; Tang, X; Yu, X; Zhang, F; Zuo, J, 2014)	0.4
" The percentage of patients that reported at least one treatment-emergent adverse event was 83."	( A phase III study of the efficacy and safety of a novel iron-based phosphate binder in dialysis patients. Chong, EM; Covic, AC; Floege, J; Gaillard, S; Ketteler, M; Lisk, LJ; Rastogi, A; Sprague, SM, 2014)	0.4
" This phosphate-binding agent has few serious adverse reactions with the advantage of reducing total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels."	( Clinical efficacy, safety and anti-inflammatory activity of two sevelamer tablet forms in patients on low-flux hemodialysis. Biavo, BM; Degaspari, S; Ferreira-Filho, O; João-Luiz, MV; Kawamoto, E; Ribeiro-Junior, E; Scavone, C; Tzanno-Martins, C, )	0.13
"Safety endpoints were adverse events and adverse drug reactions."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of a novel iron-containing phosphate binder, JTT-751, in patients receiving hemodialysis. Akiba, T; Chertow, GM; Fukagawa, M; Hirakata, H; Kumagai, Y; Nakayama, M; Sawada, K; Yokoyama, K, 2014)	0.4
" The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders, which were mild to moderate in intensity."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of a novel iron-containing phosphate binder, JTT-751, in patients receiving hemodialysis. Akiba, T; Chertow, GM; Fukagawa, M; Hirakata, H; Kumagai, Y; Nakayama, M; Sawada, K; Yokoyama, K, 2014)	0.4
" The material exhibiting the most toxic response was the iron and aluminum oxide coated engineered material registering a 66-67% 15-min EC50 level for pH 4 and 5 SLEs, respectively."	( Screening the toxicity of phosphorous-removal adsorbents using a bioluminescence inhibition test. Barnhill, DK; Biscardi, PG; Duranceau, SJ, 2016)	0.43
"The adverse effects of microcystin (MC) produced by cyanobacteria have drawn considerable attention from the public."	( Cadmium toxicity to Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and its microcystin-lacking mutant. Huang, B; Miao, AJ; Xiao, L; Xu, S; Yang, LY, 2015)	0.42
"Sandusky Bay experiences annual toxic cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Planktothrix agardhii/suspensa."	( Effects of increasing nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on phytoplankton community growth and toxicity during Planktothrix blooms in Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie. Bullerjahn, GS; Davis, TW; McKay, RM; Tuttle, T; Watson, SB, 2015)	0.42
" Awareness among healthcare providers regarding the toxic potential of high doses of vitamin D and cautious use of vitamin D supplements is the key to prevent this condition."	( Vitamin D toxicity resulting from overzealous correction of vitamin D deficiency. Kaur, P; Mishra, SK; Mithal, A, 2015)	0.42
" Cholecalciferol substitution was well tolerated without adverse effects."	( Efficacy and safety of body weight-adapted oral cholecalciferol substitution in dialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency. Lhotta, K; Mündle, M; Sprenger-Mähr, H; Zitt, E, 2015)	0.42
" Results indicate that consuming either supplement can be considered safe and improves overall health by reducing inflammation, abdominal fat mass and plasma triglycerides, as well as promote bone health."	( Safety and Health Benefits of Novel Dietary Supplements Consisting Multiple Phytochemicals, Vitamins, Minerals and Essential Fatty Acids in High Fat Diet Fed Rats. Jones, PJ; Ramprasath, VR, 2016)	0.43
" The major adverse events associated with the NAM therapy were diarrhea, flushing and nausea."	( Efficacy and safety of nicotinamide in the management of hyperphosphatemia in pediatric patients on regular hemodialysis. El Borolossy, R; El Hakim, I; El Wakeel, LM; Sabri, N, 2016)	0.43
"MWA may be safe and effective to manage recurrent and persistent SHPT nodules; a definite conclusion needs to expand the sample size with a longer follow-up time."	( Safety and efficiency of microwave ablation for recurrent and persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy: A retrospective pilot study. Li, W; Lv, MD; Peng, L; Yao, L; Yu, MA; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhuo, L, 2016)	0.43
" The exudation of organic acids is mediated by membrane-localized OA transporters, such as ALMT (Al-activated malate transporter) and MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion)."	( Role of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in the regulation of organic acid exudation under aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency. Chen, Q; Kan, Q; Yu, W; Zeng, B; Zhang, J, 2016)	0.43
" The objective is to facilitate increasing insights into complex responses of plants to adverse factors common on acid soils, which can spur development of 'smart' cultivars with better root growth and higher yield on these globally distributed marginal soils."	( Phytohormone regulation of root growth triggered by P deficiency or Al toxicity. Liao, H; Sun, L; Tian, J; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse reactions were evaluated."	( Dose-response efficacy and safety of PA21 in Japanese hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, Phase II study. Koiwa, F; Terao, A, 2017)	0.46
" The major adverse reaction reported was diarrhea; however, most cases were mild."	( Dose-response efficacy and safety of PA21 in Japanese hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, Phase II study. Koiwa, F; Terao, A, 2017)	0.46
"PA21 was an effective and safe treatment that decreased serum phosphorus levels starting at 1 week of treatment when administered as one 250-mg tablet three times/day."	( Dose-response efficacy and safety of PA21 in Japanese hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, Phase II study. Koiwa, F; Terao, A, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were evaluated."	( Efficacy and safety of sucroferric oxyhydroxide compared with sevelamer hydrochloride in Japanese haemodialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia: A randomized, open-label, multicentre, 12-week phase III study. Akizawa, T; Fukagawa, M; Koiwa, F; Terao, A; Yokoyama, K, 2017)	0.46
" Serious adverse events related to etelcalcetide were not observed."	( A phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of etelcalcetide (ONO-5163/AMG 416), a novel intravenous calcimimetic, for secondary hyperparathyroidism in Japanese haemodialys Akiba, T; Akizawa, T; Fujii, A; Fukagawa, M; Kuramoto, T; Odani, M; Shigematsu, T; Yokoyama, K, 2017)	0.46
" Collectively, this information underscores the importance of N as well as P in controlling toxic cyanobacteria blooms."	( The dual role of nitrogen supply in controlling the growth and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms. Burkholder, JM; Davis, TW; Gobler, CJ; Harke, MJ; Johengen, T; Stow, CA; Van de Waal, DB, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse events were higher in children who received placebo than in those administered paricalcitol during the double-blind treatment (88."	( Efficacy and safety of paricalcitol in children with stages 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease. Ariceta, G; Dell, KM; Dufek, MB; Eldred, A; Greenbaum, LA; Hoppe, B; Lee, HJ; Lerner, G; Linde, P; Warady, BA; Webb, NJA, 2017)	0.46
" The wastewater was toxic according to all the evaluated indexes (mitotic index, frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus)."	( Sewage pollution: genotoxicity assessment and phytoremediation of nutrients excess with Hydrocotyle ranunculoides. Basílico, G; de Cabo, L; Faggi, A; Magdaleno, A; Moretton, J; Paz, M, 2017)	0.46
"Safety was evaluated based on the development of adverse events and adverse drug reactions (ADRs)."	( Long-Term Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of PA21 (Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide) in Japanese Hemodialysis Patients With Hyperphosphatemia: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase III Study. Akizawa, T; Fukagawa, M; Koiwa, F; Yokoyama, K, 2017)	0.46
" As for safety end points (including mortality, adverse events, and all-cause discontinuation), almost all agents were equivalent in term of mortality and all-cause discontinuation except in the comparison between iron-based phosphate-binding agents and placebo."	( Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Phosphate Binders in Hyperphosphatemia Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Bai, Q; Guo, H; Li, Y; Liu, H; Yang, X; Zhang, X, 2018)	0.48
" After repeated administrations of mUC-MSCs, cynomolgus monkeys were observed for possible toxic reactions."	( Chronic Toxicity Test in Cynomolgus Monkeys For 98 Days with Repeated Intravenous Infusion of Cynomolgus Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. He, J; Li, ZA; Liu, JF; Pan, XH; Pang, RQ; Ruan, GP; Yao, X; Zhao, J; Zhu, XQ, 2017)	0.46
" It was observed that use of microbial inoculums can be helpful in elimination of these toxic compounds and prevent the inhibition of root growth ."	( Effect of Microbial inoculation in combating the aluminium toxicity effect on growth of Zea mays. Arora, P; Singh, G; Tiwari, A, 2017)	0.46
" To uncover the effects of complex P nutrients on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cyanobacteria and their toxic effects on other algae, the VOCs from Microcystis flos-aquae supplied with different types and amount of P nutrients were analyzed, and the effects of VOCs and their two main compounds on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth were investigated."	( Effects of phosphorus sources on volatile organic compound emissions from Microcystis flos-aquae and their toxic effects on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Xu, Q; Yang, W; Yang, Y; Zhao, J; Zhou, L; Zuo, Z, 2018)	0.48
"00001), developed fewer all adverse events (RR = 1."	( A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of PA21 versus sevelamer in dialysis patients. Li, M; Xie, D; Ye, N, 2018)	0.48
"Under acidic conditions, aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important factor limiting plant productivity; however, the application of phosphorus (P) might alleviate the toxic effects of Al."	( Phosphorus application reduces aluminum toxicity in two Eucalyptus clones by increasing its accumulation in roots and decreasing its content in leaves. Hou, W; Hu, H; Kang, Y; Luo, W; Teng, W; Wang, L; Wei, J; Zhang, B, 2018)	0.48
"Textile dyeing wastewater was the focus of much research because of its adverse effect on aquatic biota."	( Toxicity evaluation of textile dyeing effluent and its possible relationship with chemical oxygen demand. Cai, H; Hong, Y; Liang, J; Lu, J; Ning, XA; Song, J; Sun, J, 2018)	0.48
"Evidence to date clearly indicates that nicotinamide is safe and effective for improving phosphorus metabolism in hemodialysis patients."	( Efficacy and safety of nicotinamide on phosphorus metabolism in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ma, T; Zhang, P; Zhang, Y, 2018)	0.48
" rhPTH (1-34) and ALN were safe in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis."	( Efficacy and safety of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) are similar to those of alendronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Deng, J; Feng, Z; Li, Q; Li, Y; Pan, T; Zhao, C, 2018)	0.48
"Calcimimetics have been shown to be effective and safe therapies for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT), a serious complication of disordered mineral metabolism associated with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease."	( An integrated analysis of safety and tolerability of etelcalcetide in patients receiving hemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Block, GA; Chertow, GM; Deng, H; Mather, O; Serenko, M; Sullivan, JT; Tomlin, H, 2019)	0.51
" The nature, frequency, and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) and changes in laboratory parameters were assessed."	( An integrated analysis of safety and tolerability of etelcalcetide in patients receiving hemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Block, GA; Chertow, GM; Deng, H; Mather, O; Serenko, M; Sullivan, JT; Tomlin, H, 2019)	0.51
" root exudates from a given plant have toxic effects on itself) has been recognized to be widespread."	( Autotoxicity of root exudates varies with species identity and soil phosphorus. He, WM; Sun, ZK, 2019)	0.51
" Toxicity assessment found that most of the bottom sediment samples were classified as non-toxic or slightly toxic, only 10% of the sediment samples were toxic for Vibrio fischeri, and 6% of the samples were toxic for Sinapis alba."	( Content of nutrients, trace elements, and ecotoxicity of sediment cores from Rożnów reservoir (Southern Poland). Baran, A; Koniarz, T; Szara, M; Tarnawski, M, 2019)	0.51
"rhPTH(1-84) is a safe and effective treatment for hypoparathyroidism for 8 years."	( Therapy of Hypoparathyroidism With rhPTH(1-84): A Prospective, 8-Year Investigation of Efficacy and Safety. Bilezikian, JP; Cusano, NE; Gomez Almonte, M; Majeed, R; Omeragic, B; Rubin, MR; Tabacco, G; Tay, YD; Williams, J, 2019)	0.51
" The concentration of mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn) showed a significant correlation with toxic risks, which had more contribution to toxicity than other metals in the study area."	( Indirect effect of nutrient accumulation intensified toxicity risk of metals in sediments from urban river network. Li, G; Wei, Y; Yuan, Y; Zhang, F; Zhang, H; Zhao, Y, 2020)	0.56
" The more toxic transformation products of TC, 4-epitetracycline (ETC), anhydrotetracycline (ATC) and 4-epianhydrotetracycline (EATC) are also widely detected."	( Toxicity of tetracycline and its transformation products to a phosphorus removing Shewanella strain. Li, N; Long, S; Pavlostathis, SG; Sun, P; Xiang, F; Yang, Y; Zhao, L, 2020)	0.56
" These increased release rates of potentially toxic compounds likely explain the lower replication of Allium cepa cells (up to 22% reduction) exposed to water overlying sediments after rewetting."	( Sediment drying-rewetting cycles enhance greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient and trace element release, and promote water cytogenotoxicity. Almeida, J; Almeida, RM; Araújo, RL; Barros, N; Campos, JM; Cardoso, SJ; Josué, IIP; Kosten, S; Mendonça, R; Paranaíba, JR; Quadra, G; Roland, F; Silva, J, 2020)	0.56
" These findings not only shed light on a new mechanism for the selective killing of cancer cells by BP-based materials but also provide deep insights into the safe use of BP-based therapies."	( ROS-Mediated Selective Killing Effect of Black Phosphorus: Mechanistic Understanding and Its Guidance for Safe Biomedical Applications. Chen, G; Fan, T; Farokhzad, OC; Ji, X; Kong, N; Liang, W; Sun, X; Tao, W; Wang, J; Xie, A; Zhang, H, 2020)	0.56
" Organoids are templated from monodisperse microfluidic Matrigel droplets and found to be homogeneous in both tissue structure and functional recapitulation within a population and suitable for the quantitative screening of toxic doses."	( Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Cause Nephrotoxicity in Organoids, Mice, and Human Cells. He, C; Huang, L; Jiang, S; Liu, R; Ma, S; Ruan, F; Wang, C; Yin, H; Zeng, J; Zhang, Y; Zuo, Z, 2020)	0.56
" No significant differences were observed in the incidence of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, or adverse events."	( A comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of paricalcitol versus other vitamin D receptor activators in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials. Geng, X; Shi, E; Song, Y; Wang, S, 2020)	0.56
" The aim of this work was to assess the toxic effects of novel P adsorbents (magnetic particles, MPs) on the phytoplankton community."	( Assessing the toxic effects of magnetic particles used for lake restoration on phytoplankton: A community-based approach. Álvarez-Manzaneda, I; de Vicente, I; Del Arco, A; Funes, A; Pérez-Martínez, C, 2021)	0.62
" Safety endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."	( Safety and efficacy of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease. Abitbol, CL; Ahn, SY; Balgradean, M; Enoiu, M; Fathallah-Shaykh, S; Fila, M; Greenbaum, LA; Jankauskiene, A; Jeck, N; Klaus, G; Nelson, R; Paredes, A; Perrin, A; Stoica, C; Swinford, RD; Wickman, L, 2021)	0.62
"Because of their high content in toxic metals, steel slag dumps are potential threats for the environment and public health."	( Aided-phytostabilization of steel slag dumps: The key-role of pH adjustment in decreasing chromium toxicity and improving manganese, phosphorus and zinc phytoavailability. Faure, O; Menad, N; Moutte, J; Paran, F; Pereira, F; Peuble, S; Scattolin, M, 2021)	0.62
" Taken together, the results from this study indicate that the potential toxic effects and mechanisms of BP-QDs in two different human lung cells should be considered to evaluate the lung cell safety of BP-QDs."	( Cytotoxicity of black phosphorus quantum dots on lung-derived cells and the underlying mechanisms. He, C; Liu, R; Ruan, F; Wang, K; Zeng, J; Zhang, Y; Zuo, Z, 2021)	0.62
" The release of BP into aquatic ecosystems and the potential toxic effects on aquatic organisms are becoming major concerns."	( Developmental Toxicity of Few-Layered Black Phosphorus toward Zebrafish. Gao, J; Guo, Y; Jiang, G; Li, M; Liang, J; Liang, Y; Liu, R; Liu, Y; Luo, Q; Qu, G; Shan, W; Wang, C; Wu, Q; Yang, X; Yao, L; Zeng, L; Zhou, Q, 2021)	0.62
" This work aimed to evaluate the toxic potential of the sawdust (biosorbent previously used for phosphorus adsorption) in order to enable its application in agriculture."	( Toxicity of the sawdust used for phosphorus recovery in a eutrophic reservoir: experiments with Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. Fadini, PS; Marin-Morales, MA; Mazzeo, DEC; Mozeto, AA; Pantano, G; Rocha, THDS, 2021)	0.62
" No adverse effects on general, kidney or bone (skeletal) function and health were observed."	( Towards establishing no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) for different sources of dietary phosphorus in feline adult diets: results from a 7-month feeding study. Alexander, JE; Bakke, AM; Biourge, VC; Butterwick, R; Carvell-Miller, LJ; Coltherd, JC; Elliott, J; Haydock, R; Logan, DW; Molina, L; Pink, C; Rawlings, J; Watson, P, 2021)	0.62
" Therefore, this study develops a safe strategy to modify LBP and provides basic information for ecological risk assessment of LBP based materials."	( Environmental stability and cytotoxicity of layered black phosphorus modified with Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67. Chen, D; Tong, ZF; Xiong, Z; Zhang, S; Zhang, X; Zhao, Q, 2021)	0.62
" This material has been utilized to fabricate fire safe epoxy thermosets (EP)."	( From herbicide to flame retardant: The lamellar-like phosphorus-bridged amitrole toward high fire safety epoxy resin with light smoke and low toxicity. Ai, YF; Bai, WB; Jian, RK; Lin, YC; Liu, XD; Xie, RR, 2022)	0.72
" The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were gastrointestinal-related with discolored feces (41."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of ferric citrate in phosphate-lowering and iron-repletion effects among patients with on hemodialysis: A multicenter, open-label, Phase IV trial. Chiu, YW; Lee, CC; Lee, CT; Leu, JG; Peng, YS; Tarng, DC; Wu, MJ; Wu, MS, 2022)	0.72
" Adverse drug reactions, iron- and erythrocyte-related parameters (i."	( Safety and effectiveness of ferric citrate hydrate in serum phosphorus management of patients with chronic kidney disease: a long-term, real-world, observational, post-marketing surveillance study. Hashimoto, T; Ito, K; Matsumoto, Y; Nishino, N; Okuda, Y; Susai, H; Yamada, R; Yokoyama, K, 2022)	0.72
" In this study, the acute toxic effects and trophic transfer of multiple types of P-based NMs were examined on soil-dwelling nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans."	( Investigation into the trophic transfer and acute toxicity of phosphorus-based nano-agromaterials in Caenorhabditis elegans. Afonso, LOB; Priyam, A; Schultz, AG; Singh, PP, 2021)	0.62
" It is, therefore, important to investigate the physicochemical changes of NMs in environmentally realistic conditions and assess their potential acute and sublethal toxic effects on aquatic organisms."	( Abiotic factors and aging alter the physicochemical characteristics and toxicity of Phosphorus nanomaterials to zebrafish embryos. Afonso, LOB; Priyam, A; Schultz, AG; Singh, PP, 2022)	0.72
" The release of toxic gases (CO and HCN) and volatile organic compounds in the EP was also effectively inhibited at the same time."	( Covalent grafting diazotized black phosphorus with ferrocene oligomer towards smoke suppression and toxicity reduction. Qiu, S; Song, L; Wang, J; Yang, W; Zhou, Y; Zou, B, 2022)	0.72
" A multi-tiered battery of bioassays complemented the investigation, targeting different toxic modes of action and employing various biological systems (uni/multicellular, prokaryotes/eukaryotes, trophic level occupation)."	( Wastewater toxicity removal: Integrated chemical and effect-based monitoring of full-scale conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor plants. Bertanza, G; Boniotti, J; Ceretti, E; Feretti, D; Mazzoleni, G; Menghini, M; Pedrazzani, R; Steimberg, N; Urani, C; Zerbini, I, 2022)	0.72
" Calcimimetic agents increased the total adverse events' rate, the rate of hypocalcemia and gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea), but there was no significant difference in serious adverse events between the calcimimetic agent group and control group."	( A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Calcimimetic Agents in the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Chen, G; Liu, Y; Yang, Q; Zhou, T, 2022)	0.72
"Calcimimetic agents can reduce the PTH level, Ca level, P level, calcium-phosphorus product level and do not increase serious adverse events."	( A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Calcimimetic Agents in the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Chen, G; Liu, Y; Yang, Q; Zhou, T, 2022)	0.72
" Reported adverse events were minimal, with only mild injection site reactions attributed to burosumab therapy."	( The efficacy and safety of burosumab in two patients with cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome. Carpenter, TO; Cimms, T; Hamilton, DJ; Krolczyk, S; Luca, D; Maruri, A; Roberts, MS; Sugarman, J; Tabatabai, L, 2023)	0.91
" Primary safety variables were the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), medical events of special interest (MESIs), and variations in iron-related parameters."	( Safety and effectiveness of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in Spanish patients on dialysis: sub-analysis of the VERIFIE study. Arenas, MD; Bajo, MA; Cannata-Andia, J; Delgado, M; Devesa-Such, RJ; García-Fernández, N; Martín-De Francisco, ÁL; Martin-Malo, A; Molina, P; Molina-Higueras, MJ; Peiró-Jordán, R; Ríos-Moreno, F, )	0.13
"SFOH showed a favorable effectiveness profile, a similar safety profile to that observed in the international study with most adverse events of mild/moderate severity, and a low daily pill burden in Spanish patients in dialysis."	( Safety and effectiveness of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in Spanish patients on dialysis: sub-analysis of the VERIFIE study. Arenas, MD; Bajo, MA; Cannata-Andia, J; Delgado, M; Devesa-Such, RJ; García-Fernández, N; Martín-De Francisco, ÁL; Martin-Malo, A; Molina, P; Molina-Higueras, MJ; Peiró-Jordán, R; Ríos-Moreno, F, )	0.13
" Therefore, we investigated the toxic effects of carbonate-bound fraction Pb on agricultural soil from various aspects."	( Carbonate-bound Pb percentage distribution in agricultural soil and its toxicity: Impact on plant growth, nutrient cycling, soil enzymes, and functional genes. Feng, L; Gao, Z; He, S; Jiang, J; Liu, Y; Ma, H; Wei, L; Zhao, Q, 2023)	0.91
" Constipation was the most common adverse drug reaction, and no treatment-related serious adverse events were observed."	( Efficacy and safety of calcium polystyrene sulfonate in patients with hyperkalemia and stage 3-5 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a single-center randomized controlled trial. Chen, D; Song, X; Wang, J; Wang, X; Zhang, H, 2023)	0.91
"Calcium polystyrene sulfonate administered at a dose of 15 or 30 g/day can rapidly reduce potassium levels in patients with stage 3-5 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease without adverse effects on sodium, phosphorus, or calcium levels."	( Efficacy and safety of calcium polystyrene sulfonate in patients with hyperkalemia and stage 3-5 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a single-center randomized controlled trial. Chen, D; Song, X; Wang, J; Wang, X; Zhang, H, 2023)	0.91
" The results of 3-days As(V) exposure showed that As(V) was more toxic in DOP cultures than in DIP counterparts."	( The influences of dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus on arsenate toxicity in marine diatom Skeletonema costatum and dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. Ma, Q; Zhang, L, 2023)	0.91
" Data on drug-related adverse events (AEs), gastrointestinal AEs and diarrhea were collected to determine the safety of tenapanor."	( Efficacy and safety of tenapanor in hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Ai, X; Dong, H; Feng, J; Huang, B; Huang, X; Li, J; Li, L; Li, X; Luo, H; Wang, J; Xiao, H; Xue, G; You, S; Zhang, Y, 2023)	0.91
" Moreover, through correlation analysis, we identified the main factors that affect the safe width of the riparian buffer zone."	( Study on the planning and influential factors of the safe width of riparian buffer zones in the upper and middle reaches of the Ziwu River, China. Cao, L; Chen, H; Wang, Y; Wu, W; Zhang, X; Zhou, X, 2023)	0.91
" Diarrhea was the most frequent adverse event, occurring in 135 patients (63."	( Long-term safety and decrease of pill burden by tenapanor therapy: a phase 3 open-label study in hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. Akizawa, T; Fukagawa, M; Koiwa, F; Nakanishi, K; Ohara, M; Sato, Y, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic analysis has been made of plasma inorganic phosphate (Pi) in an infant after ingestion of phosphosoda laxative and of data reported for four comparable poisonings in healthy infants to provide a nomogram which predicts the decline in Pi in paediatric phosphate poisoning."	( Laxative phosphate poisoning: pharmacokinetics of serum phosphorus. Angle, CR; Larson, JE; Swigart, SA, 1986)	0.27
"75 mg/ml) for single-dose pharmacokinetic studies which utilizes gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorous detection for tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and doxepin) is described."	( Tricyclic antidepressant determination in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography using nitrogen-phosphorous detection: application to single-dose pharmacokinetic studies. Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Shader, RI, 1981)	0.26
" Cmax values of test and reference formulations were 93."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of tiropramide in healthy volunteers. Chung, YB; Kwon, OS; Park, YJ, 2003)	0.32
" This report describes the salient pharmacodynamic properties, using several test systems, of a new calcimimetic compound, cinacalcet HCl."	( Pharmacodynamics of the type II calcimimetic compound cinacalcet HCl. Balandrin, MF; Colloton, M; Fox, J; Harris, R; Heaton, WH; Karbon, W; Lacey, D; Martin, D; Miller, M; Nemeth, EF; Qi, M; Rishton, G; Scherrer, J; Scully, S; Shatzen, E; Van Wagenen, BC, 2004)	0.32
" The aim of this work was to develop a noninvasive and robust pharmacodynamic biomarker for target inhibition and, potentially, tumor response following MN58b treatment."	( Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic pharmacodynamic markers of the choline kinase inhibitor MN58b in human carcinoma models. Al-Saffar, NM; Chung, YL; Griffiths, JR; Jackson, LE; Judson, IR; Lacal, JC; Leach, MO; Madhu, B; Ramírez de Molina, A; Troy, H; Workman, P, 2006)	0.33
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties and tolerability of single-dose cinacalcet 50 to 100 mg in healthy male Korean subjects for the purposes of a New Drug Application package for the Korean Food and Drug Administration."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the calcimimetic agent cinacalcet (KRN1493) in healthy male Korean subjects: a randomized, open-label, single ascending-dose, parallel-group study. Gu, N; Jang, IJ; Kim, BH; Lee, S; Lim, KS; Shin, SG; Yu, KS, 2012)	0.38
"The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties and safety of single and multiple doses of cinacalcet in Chinese healthy volunteers (HVs) for the purposes of a New Drug Application package for the Chinese Food and Drug Administration."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Cinacalcet (KRN1493) in Chinese Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Open-label, Single Ascending-dose and Multiple-dose, Parallel-group Study. Chen, X; Gao, F; Hu, P; Jiang, J; Liu, H; Liu, T; Wang, H, 2016)	0.43
" Pharmacodynamic parameters consisted of measurement of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum-corrected calcium, serum phosphorus and intact fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations."	( Pharmacodynamics of evocalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in Japanese hemodialysis patients. Akizawa, T; Fukagawa, M; Shigematsu, T; Shimazaki, R, 2019)	0.51
" Pharmacodynamic analyses showed that evocalcet effectively reduced intact PTH and serum-corrected calcium levels."	( Pharmacodynamics of evocalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in Japanese hemodialysis patients. Akizawa, T; Fukagawa, M; Shigematsu, T; Shimazaki, R, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Coralline hydroxyapatite ceramics alone (control) and the ceramics combined with rat marrow cells were implanted subcutaneously in the backs of syngeneic Fischer rats and harvested at 1,2,3,4,6,8 and 24 wk after surgery."	( Bonding osteogenesis in coralline hydroxyapatite combined with bone marrow cells. Ohgushi, H; Okumura, M; Tamai, S, 1991)	0.28
"The preventive affects on recurrent renal calcium stones of water diuresis alone or combined with drugs aimed at lowering urinary calcium were evaluated prospectively in 51 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis."	( [Incidence of lithiasic recurrence after a diuretic therapy, alone or combined with treatment by a thiazide diuretic or phosphorus]. Clavel, J; Lacour, B; Sayegh, F; Ulmann, A, 1984)	0.27
" Surface-coated open-tubular OV-275 columns were combined with electron-capture detection and nitrogen-phosphorus selective detection."	( Determination of the underivatized antineoplastic drugs cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil and some of their metabolites by capillary gas chromatography combined with electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus selective detection. de Bruin, EA; Leclercq, PA; Leeflang, P; Tjaden, UR; van Oosterom, AT, 1983)	0.27
" The results confirm that the change in fluorescence in the dentinal caries lesion is correlated with the very initial changes in mineral content, and that EPMA used in combination with COMPO images is a useful tool for determining small changes in mineral elements in the carious and adjacent areas of dentin."	( Mineral element analysis of carious and sound rat dentin by electron probe microanalyzer combined with back-scattered electron image. Hietala, EL; Larmas, M; Tjäderhane, L, 1995)	0.29
"The effects of intravenous administration of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha (OH)D3] in combination with CaCO3 and 'low-calcium dialysis' (1."	( Long-term effects of intravenous 1 alpha (OH)D3 combined with CaCO3 and low-calcium dialysis on secondary hyperparathyroidism and biochemical bone markers in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Brandi, L; Daugaard, H; Egsmose, C; Jensen, LT; Nielsen, PK; Olgaard, K, 1996)	0.29
"Geostatistics combined with GIS was applied to analyze the spatial variability of soil nutrients in topsoil (0-20 cm) in Zunghua City of Hebei Province."	( [Spatial variability of soil nutrients based on geostatistics combined with GIS--a case study in Zunghua City of Hebei Province]. Chen, L; Fu, B; Guo, X; Ma, K, 2000)	0.31
"To more clearly elucidate the conflicting results that have been obtained after oral calcitriol pulse therapy on lipid, glucose, and calcium levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and to determine safety of oral calcitriol pulse therapy in a combination with calcium carbonate."	( Effect of oral calcitriol pulse therapy on the lipid, calcium, and glucose homeostasis of hemodialysis-patients: its safety in a combination with oral calcium carbonate. Khajehdehi, P; Taheri, S, 2003)	0.32
"Our findings indicate that short-term oral calcitriol pulse therapy in combination with calcium carbonate is safe and beneficial for metabolic abnormalities of HD patients; however, its safety for prolonged therapy is yet to be proved."	( Effect of oral calcitriol pulse therapy on the lipid, calcium, and glucose homeostasis of hemodialysis-patients: its safety in a combination with oral calcium carbonate. Khajehdehi, P; Taheri, S, 2003)	0.32
"To determine the effect of exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] combined with induced parturition on calcium (Ca) metabolism, cows received a single intramuscular injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 and prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) closely before calving."	( Calcium metabolism in cows receiving an intramuscular injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 combined with prostaglandin F(2alpha) closely before parturition. Ayukawa, Y; Lee, I; Naito, Y; Oboshi, K; Yamagishi, N, 2005)	0.33
"Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrogen, and phosphorus were treated with the use of an intermittently aerating bioreactor combined with electrocoagulation."	( Electrocoagulation combined with the use of an intermittently aerating bioreactor to enhance phosphorus removal. Kim, YS; Ku, YH; Myung, GN; Yu, MJ, 2006)	0.33
" Although sevelamer and colestimide are known as similar non-calcium, non-aluminum phosphate binders in hemodialysis patients, there are no studies that compare the effects of the two agents as either a monotherapy or in combination with calcium carbonate (CaCO3)."	( Comparison of sevelamer hydrochloride with colestimide, administered alone or in combination with calcium carbonate, in patients on hemodialysis. Date, T; Funakoshi, S; Hashiguchi, J; Itoh, K; Kono, T; Kubo, H; Masaki, K; Nakano, H; Shigematsu, T; Tanaka, M; Uchino, J, 2008)	0.35
"1, 1, and 10 microg L(-1) atrazine, combined with changes in nutrient concentration, and the photosynthetic activity, biomass, and community structure were noted during the experiment."	( Response of phytoplankton community to low-dose atrazine exposure combined with phosphorus fluctuations. Binet, F; Le Rouzic, B; Pannard, A, 2009)	0.35
"Cinacalcet combined with vitamin D analogues was no more effective than vitamin D analogues in achieving the primary ACHIEVE end point and incurred greater costs."	( Economic analysis of cinacalcet in combination with low-dose vitamin D versus flexible-dose vitamin D in treating secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Almehmi, A; Lu, J; Pregenzer, M; Quarles, LD; Shireman, TI; Wetmore, JB, 2010)	0.36
" Here a mutant population is utilized to assess the impact of root hair length on P acquisition and yield under P-deficient conditions alone or when combined with drought."	( What are the implications of variation in root hair length on tolerance to phosphorus deficiency in combination with water stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare)? Brown, LK; Dupuy, L; George, TS; Hubbard, SF; Lyon, J; Thompson, JA; White, PJ; Wright, G, 2012)	0.38
"The results suggest that although root hair length is not important for maintaining yield, the presence of root hairs is implicit to sustainable yield of barley under P-deficient conditions and when combined with extreme drought."	( What are the implications of variation in root hair length on tolerance to phosphorus deficiency in combination with water stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare)? Brown, LK; Dupuy, L; George, TS; Hubbard, SF; Lyon, J; Thompson, JA; White, PJ; Wright, G, 2012)	0.38
" In hens fed either the CSM diets with phytase B alone, or in combination with 6-phytase A, enhanced feed intakes, egg mass, and hen-day egg production were recorded."	( Effects of inositol, inositol-generating phytase B applied alone, and in combination with 6-phytase A to phosphorus-deficient diets on laying performance, eggshell quality, yolk cholesterol, and fatty acid deposition in laying hens. Duliński, R; Koreleski, J; Mika, M; Piironen, J; Pustkowiak, H; Swiatkiewicz, S; Zyla, K, 2012)	0.38
" To investigate this hypothesis, negative staining electron microscopy, using either transmission or scanning electron microscopes, was combined with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, which reveals the element content of individual nanoparticles."	( Rapid and reliable detection of bacterial endospores in environmental samples by diagnostic electron microscopy combined with X-ray microanalysis. Fulda, G; Laue, M, 2013)	0.39
"This short-term study assessed the efficacy and safety of calcium carbonate combined with calcitonin in the treatment of hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients."	( Effect of calcium carbonate combined with calcitonin on hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients. Kong, XL; Li, WB; Wang, ZS; Wei, Y, 2014)	0.4
"Infrequent dialysis, namely once-a-week session combined with very low-protein, low-phosphorus diet supplemented with ketoacids was reported as a useful treatment schedule for ESRD patients with markedly reduced residual renal function but preserved urine output."	( The incremental treatment of ESRD: a low-protein diet combined with weekly hemodialysis may be beneficial for selected patients. Bolasco, P; Caria, S; Cupisti, A; Sau, G, 2014)	0.4
" This article selecting the Yongding River Basin-Beijing section as the study area, using total station instruments to survey field sampling and determination 34 plots, combined with 6 TM image data from 1978 to 2009 to extract soil information and the relationship between region's soil type, soil moisture and remote sensing factors."	( [Researches of soil normalized difference water index (NDWI) of Yongding River based on multispectral remote sensing technology combined with genetic algorithm]. Feng, ZK; Gong, YX; Mao, HY; Yu, JX, 2014)	0.4
"To evaluate the effect of bleomyin A5 combined with phosphorus-32 colloid in the treatment of mucocele."	( [A clinical study on the treatment of mucocele by bleomyin A5 combined with phosphorus-32 colloid]. Chen, X; Guo, F; Hu, J; Liu, J; Pang, X; Wang, X, 2015)	0.42
"A total of 214 patients divided into three groups, bleomyin A5 (50 cases), phosphorus-32 colloid (50 cases) and bleomyin A5 combined with phosphorus-32 colloid (114 cases)."	( [A clinical study on the treatment of mucocele by bleomyin A5 combined with phosphorus-32 colloid]. Chen, X; Guo, F; Hu, J; Liu, J; Pang, X; Wang, X, 2015)	0.42
"The efficacy of bleomyin A5 group, phosphorus-32 colloid group, and bleomyin A5 combined with phosphorus-32 colloid group was 84% (42/50), 82% (41/50) and 98% (112/114), respectively."	( [A clinical study on the treatment of mucocele by bleomyin A5 combined with phosphorus-32 colloid]. Chen, X; Guo, F; Hu, J; Liu, J; Pang, X; Wang, X, 2015)	0.42
" We have reviewed previous reports and case studies of once-weekly hemodialysis treatment combined with low-protein, low-phosphorus, and normal-to-high-energy diet especially for nondialysis days, whereas on dialysis days, high protein can be provided."	( Dietary Management of Incremental Transition to Dialysis Therapy: Once-Weekly Hemodialysis Combined With Low-Protein Diet. Bolasco, P; Caria, S; Cupisti, A; Kalantar-Zadeh, K; Locatelli, F, 2016)	0.43
" Two denitrifying biofilters (DNBFs) packed with different sizes of quartz sands combined with micro-coagulation were operated for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the secondary effluent."	( Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the secondary effluent in tertiary denitrifying biofilters combined with micro-coagulation. Guo, Y; Hu, H; Shi, Y; Wei, N; Wen, H; Wu, G; Wu, Y, 2016)	0.43
" Therefore, anaerobic fermentation combined with low-temperature thermal pretreatment can facilitate the recovery of carbon and phosphorus as well as producing hydrogen from PGS."	( Anaerobic fermentation combined with low-temperature thermal pretreatment for phosphorus-accumulating granular sludge: Release of carbon source and phosphorus as well as hydrogen production potential. Li, Y; Zou, J, 2016)	0.43
" We hypothesized that, in hypoalbuminemic hemodialysis patients, provision of high-protein meals during hemodialysis combined with a potent phosphorus binder increases serum albumin without raising phosphorus levels."	( Effect of high-protein meals during hemodialysis combined with lanthanum carbonate in hypoalbuminemic dialysis patients: findings from the FrEDI randomized controlled trial. Benner, D; Bross, R; Jing, J; Kalantar-Zadeh, K; Koontz Parsons, T; Kopple, JD; Kovesdy, CP; Lee, ML; Mehrotra, R; Rhee, CM; St-Jules, DE; Tortorici, AR; You, AS, 2017)	0.46
" Patients were randomly assigned to receive high-protein (50-55 g) meals during dialysis, providing 400-500 mg phosphorus, combined with lanthanum carbonate versus low-protein (<1 g) meals during dialysis, providing <20 mg phosphorus."	( Effect of high-protein meals during hemodialysis combined with lanthanum carbonate in hypoalbuminemic dialysis patients: findings from the FrEDI randomized controlled trial. Benner, D; Bross, R; Jing, J; Kalantar-Zadeh, K; Koontz Parsons, T; Kopple, JD; Kovesdy, CP; Lee, ML; Mehrotra, R; Rhee, CM; St-Jules, DE; Tortorici, AR; You, AS, 2017)	0.46
"In hypoalbuminemic hemodialysis patients, high-protein meals during dialysis combined with lanthanum carbonate are safe and increase serum albumin while controlling phosphorus."	( Effect of high-protein meals during hemodialysis combined with lanthanum carbonate in hypoalbuminemic dialysis patients: findings from the FrEDI randomized controlled trial. Benner, D; Bross, R; Jing, J; Kalantar-Zadeh, K; Koontz Parsons, T; Kopple, JD; Kovesdy, CP; Lee, ML; Mehrotra, R; Rhee, CM; St-Jules, DE; Tortorici, AR; You, AS, 2017)	0.46
"  Methods: Thirty SHPT patients were enrolled to receive treatment of cinacalcet combined with low-dose calcitriol, with inclusion criteria as follows: maintenance on MHD>6 months; serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH)>600 pg/mL; parathyroid glands with more than 1 nodules by ultrasonography; traditional therapy with no effects."	( [Effect of cinacalcet combined with low-dose calcitriol on clinical outcome and bone metabolism in patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism]. Chen, X; Liu, H; Wang, C; Yuan, F; Zhou, A, 2017)	0.46
"Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were used to investigate the compositional characteristics of dissolved and particulate/colloidal organic matter and its correlations with nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals in an effluent-dominated stream, Northern China."	( Investigating the composition characteristics of dissolved and particulate/colloidal organic matter in effluent-dominated stream using fluorescence spectroscopy combined with multivariable analysis. Gao, RT; He, XS; Huang, CH; Tan, W; Xi, BD; Yu, MD; Zhang, H; Zhao, XW, 2018)	0.48
" The sepiolite application in combination with continuous flooding provided an efficient and safe remediation technology for Cd-polluted rice field."	( Effects of clay combined with moisture management on Cd immobilization and fertility index of polluted rice field. Li, J; Xu, Y, 2018)	0.48
" The transformation of P fractions from high-solid sludge by the anaerobic digestion (AD) and acidification phase of AD (AAD) combined with a high temperature thermal hydrolysis process (HTTHP) was investigated."	( The transformation of phosphorus fractions in high-solid sludge by anaerobic digestion combined with the high temperature thermal hydrolysis process. Dai, L; Dai, X; Liu, Z; Zhou, S, 2020)	0.56
" We hypothesized that simulated fire combined with prey exclusion would (1) increase the potential for prey capture relative to shade avoidance, hereafter, relative prey-capture potential (RPCP), and/or (2) increase belowground competition with neighboring plants."	( Prey exclusion combined with simulated fire increases subsequent prey-capture potential in the pale pitcher plant, Sarracenia alata. Abbott, MJ; Brewer, JS, 2020)	0.56
" In addition, BBPQDs-mediated photothermal therapy in combination with anti-PD-L1 treatment inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis by reprograming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into an immune-active microenvironment, and promoting the local and systemic antitumor immune response."	( Biomimetic black phosphorus quantum dots-based photothermal therapy combined with anti-PD-L1 treatment inhibits recurrence and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. Ji, W; Li, L; Qian, Z; Qiu, L; Wang, X; Xu, Y; Zhang, H; Zhao, P; Zhou, S, 2021)	0.62
"To explore the effects of systematic diet education combined with multidisciplinary nursing on nutritional status and calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in uremic phase after treatment with alogliptin."	( Effects of Systematic Diet Education Combined with Multidisciplinary Nursing on Nutritional Status and Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Uremic Phase after Treatment with Alogliptin. Guo, N; Li, N; Liu, K; Sun, H; Zhao, Y, 2022)	0.72
" The combination group received systematic dietary education combined with multidisciplinary nursing after the medication, and the conventional group received conventional intervention."	( Effects of Systematic Diet Education Combined with Multidisciplinary Nursing on Nutritional Status and Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Uremic Phase after Treatment with Alogliptin. Guo, N; Li, N; Liu, K; Sun, H; Zhao, Y, 2022)	0.72
"With conspicuous intervention effect, systematic diet education combined with multidisciplinary nursing is a reliable method that can improve the nutritional status and levels of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, enhance treatment compliance, and reduce anxiety."	( Effects of Systematic Diet Education Combined with Multidisciplinary Nursing on Nutritional Status and Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Uremic Phase after Treatment with Alogliptin. Guo, N; Li, N; Liu, K; Sun, H; Zhao, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Therefore, in the current study, we developed a platform carrying Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded black phosphate nanometer combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) and found this drug combination stimulated the immungentic cell death (ICD) process in PC-3 cells and DC maturation."	( Zinc-Loaded Black Phosphorus Multifunctional Nanodelivery System Combined With Photothermal Therapy Have the Potential to Treat Prostate Cancer Patients Infected With COVID-19. Gao, L; Ge, B; Li, L; Shi, H; Xu, H; Zhou, B, 2022)	0.72
" However, the effects of crop straw combined with different synthetic fertilizers on the soil faunal community remain unclear, and knowledge regarding purple soil is limited."	( Diversity of soil faunal community as influenced by crop straw combined with different synthetic fertilizers in upland purple soil. Dong, Z; Wang, X; Xie, X; Zhu, B, 2022)	0.72
" More importantly, GOD could synergistically enhance the cancer therapeutic effect when combined with other cancer therapeutic strategies."	( Thermodynamics, Conformation, and Biocatalytic Performance of Glucose Oxidase Combined with Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots. Huang, Y; Jiang, P; Li, H; Liu, Y, 2023)	0.91
"Considering the chemical and structural properties of dentin, this study was aimed at evaluating the effect of dentin matrix alone or combined with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on postextraction alveolar bone regeneration."	( Autogenous dentin combined with mesenchymal stromal cells as an alternative alveolar bone graft: an in vivo study. Augustin, AH; Barreiro, BOB; Cherubini, K; Koth, VS; Rübensam, G; Salum, FG; Sesterheim, P, 2023)	0.91
"Autogenous nondemineralized dentin is an alternative for alveolar bone grafting, which can be improved by combination with MSC."	( Autogenous dentin combined with mesenchymal stromal cells as an alternative alveolar bone graft: an in vivo study. Augustin, AH; Barreiro, BOB; Cherubini, K; Koth, VS; Rübensam, G; Salum, FG; Sesterheim, P, 2023)	0.91
"This work provides support for the clinical applicability of dentin graft alone or combined with MSC."	( Autogenous dentin combined with mesenchymal stromal cells as an alternative alveolar bone graft: an in vivo study. Augustin, AH; Barreiro, BOB; Cherubini, K; Koth, VS; Rübensam, G; Salum, FG; Sesterheim, P, 2023)	0.91
" Scirpus mariqueter combined with slag-sponges in CW effectively improved the purification effect of damaged saline water, indicating that it is an ecological and green saline water treatment way."	( Effects of two plant species combined with slag-sponges on the treatment performance of contaminated saline water in constructed wetland. Cheng, M; Gao, X; Li, X; Zhao, Z, 2023)	0.91
"The results showed that increasing the P application rate enhanced photosynthesis and then increased the dry matter weight of shoots with selenite and SeMet treatment, and an appropriate amount of P combined with selenite treatment increased the dry matter weight of roots by enhancing root growth."	( Selenium uptake, translocation, subcellular distribution and speciation in winter wheat in response to phosphorus application combined with three types of selenium fertilizer. Hu, C; Li, C; Li, G; Liu, H; Nie, Z; Peng, H; Shi, H, 2023)	0.91
"Compared with selenate or SeMet treatment, treatment with an appropriate amount of P combined with selenite could promote plant growth, reduce Se uptake, alter Se subcellular distribution and speciation, and affect Se bioavailability in wheat."	( Selenium uptake, translocation, subcellular distribution and speciation in winter wheat in response to phosphorus application combined with three types of selenium fertilizer. Hu, C; Li, C; Li, G; Liu, H; Nie, Z; Peng, H; Shi, H, 2023)	0.91
" Nitrogen reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer increased the relative abundance of copiotrophic bacteria and decreased the relative abundance of oligotrophic bacteria."	( Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer on soil bacterial community diversity of red raspberry orchard. Chang, F; Guo, S; Luan, H; Qi, G; Wang, X; Yuan, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2023)	0.91
"This case-control study was to explore the effect of Bushen Zhuanggu tablet combined with routine regimen on bone mineral density (BMD) improvement, functional recovery, and fracture prevention in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients."	( Study on the Effect of Bushen Zhuanggu Tablet Combined with Conventional Regimen on Bone Mineral Density Improvement, Functional Recovery and Fracture Risk Prevention in Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Chen, T; Li, G; Xu, Y, 2023)	0.91
"Bushen Zhuanggu tablet combined with conventional therapy is effective in the postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment, which effectively increase the BMD, regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, promote the recovery of limb function, prevent the recurrence of fracture, and improve the patients' quality of life."	( Study on the Effect of Bushen Zhuanggu Tablet Combined with Conventional Regimen on Bone Mineral Density Improvement, Functional Recovery and Fracture Risk Prevention in Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Chen, T; Li, G; Xu, Y, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Data indicated that the true absorption rate of the dosed phosphorus might have been much faster."	( The phosphorus excretion pattern and balance during one egg cycle of the laying hen fed a phosphorus deficient diet with or without a single dose of phosphoric acid. Choi, JH; Harms, RH; Miles, RD, 1979)	0.26
" The surplus Ca was compensated for by a decrease in the rate of absorption and an increase in the rate of urinary Ca excretion."	( Adaptations in the calcium and phosphorus metabolism of sheep in response to an intravenous infusion of Ca. Braithwaite, GD, 1978)	0.26
" The immediate effect on blood and urine chemistry and on the intestinal calcium absorption rate were studied."	( Short-term effects of 1-alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 in patients on corticosteroid treatment and in patients with senile osteoporosis. Lindgren, U; Lindholm, S; Sarby, B, 1978)	0.26
" It is thought that all three pathophysiologic mechanisms were effective in the biochemical evolution of humans, selecting women with a low phosphorus milk and infants with a constant high intestinal absorption rate of phosphorus."	( Why is the phosphorus content of human milk exceptionally low? Manz, F, 1992)	0.28
"The inhibitory effect of phytic acid in soybean products on zinc bioavailability was evaluated in two experiments in rats."	( Reduction of phytic acid in soybean products improves zinc bioavailability in rats. Burns, RA; Dickinson, DB; Erdman, JW; Fordyce, EJ; Raboy, V; Wong, MS; Zhou, JR, 1992)	0.28
" Ca bioavailability from WMC and the effect on the utilization of P and Mg were discussed."	( Bioavailabilities of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium from whey mineral complex in growing male rats. Kuwano, K; Kuwata, T; Sakamaki, C; Shinoda, S; Tsuchita, H; Yoshida, T, 1992)	0.28
"Intakes of minerals and factors that might affect their bioavailability were estimated for 255 toddlers aged 18-30 mo living in villages in Egypt, Kenya, and Mexico."	( Estimated mineral intakes of toddlers: predicted prevalence of inadequacy in village populations in Egypt, Kenya, and Mexico. Beaton, GH; Calloway, DH; Murphy, SP, 1992)	0.28
" The rate of absorption was reduced after increment of the perfusion rate."	( [Absorption of the urinary constituents from canine ileum]. Fukuzaki, A; Okada, Y; Orikasa, S, 1991)	0.28
"Because the monobasic potassium phosphate salt (monobasic) improves the solubility of calcium and phosphorus in amino acid plus dextrose solutions, compared with the current mixtures of monobasic plus dibasic salts (dibasic), we tested the bioavailability and clinical effects of monobasic in 16 parenterally fed low birth weight infants at standard (n = 8) and high levels (n = 8) of mineral intakes."	( Role of the source of phosphate salt in improving the mineral balance of parenterally fed low birth weight infants. Brisson, G; Chessex, P; Delvin, EE; Glorieux, FH; Pineault, M, 1990)	0.28
" Calcium is well absorbed and adequate in human milk if vitamin D is sufficient, but concern exists about calcium intake from infant formulas for this older group."	( Mineral and vitamin D adequacy in infants fed human milk or formula between 6 and 12 months of age. Hillman, LS, 1990)	0.28
"A total of 576 d-old, male, broiler chicks were used in two trials 1) to determine the range of Ca and P levels over which the response in bone characteristics is linear and 2) to determine the influence of particle size of defluorinated rock phosphate (DFP) on the bioavailability of Ca and P in DFP."	( Effects of particle size on the biological availability of calcium and phosphorus in defluorinated phosphate for chicks. Burnell, TW; Cromwell, GL; Stahly, TS, 1990)	0.28
" Results of Experiment 2 agreed with the results in Experiment 1, providing evidence that bioavailability estimates obtained from experiments containing high levels of Mn can be extrapolated to diets containing lower levels."	( Effect of varying calcium and phosphorus level on manganese utilization. Baker, DH; Wedekind, KJ, 1990)	0.28
"Two experiments were conducted to compare Mg bioavailability from Mg oxide (MgO) vs Mg hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) fed in either a completely mixed diet or a mineral supplement."	( Bioavailability of magnesium in beef cattle fed magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide. Boling, JA; Davenport, GM; Gay, N, 1990)	0.28
" A P bioavailability assay with chicks indicated that the P in oat flour was 59."	( Nutritive value of oat flour and oat bran. Baker, DH; Chung, TK; Hahn, JD, 1990)	0.28
" These findings support the hypothesis of higher bioavailability of glucose-1-phosphate with respect to inorganic phosphate."	( [The role of glucose-1-phosphate in total parenteral nutrition protocols]. Colomer, JJ; Grau Cardona, E; Hernández de la Figuera y Gómez, T; Jiménez Torres, NV; Pla Delfina, JM; Ronchera Oms, CL; Tormo Calandín, C, )	0.13
" Compound 1 at a concentration of 10 mM in the perfusate induced a twofold reduction of the absorption rate compared with the same concentration of 2 in saline."	( Intestinal absorption of drugs. I: The influence of taurocholate on the absorption of dantrolene in the small intestine of the rat. Crommelin, DJ; Poelma, FG; Tukker, JJ, 1989)	0.28
"3 mmol/l resulted in an increase in the net absorption rate of Mg from the rumen."	( The effect of ruminal phosphate concentration on the absorption of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium from the reticulo-rumen of the sheep. Beardsworth, LJ; Beardsworth, PM; Care, AD, 1989)	0.28
" The nature of Zn binding in casein micelles may help to explain the lower nutritional bioavailability of Zn in bovine milk and infant formulae compared with human milk."	( Zinc binding in bovine milk. Flynn, A; Fox, PF; Singh, H, 1989)	0.28
"Beef protein was found to enhance the bioavailability of nonheme iron in the rat."	( The enhancement of nonheme iron bioavailability by beef protein in the rat. Godber, JS; Gordon, DT, 1989)	0.28
" The supplement of P and Mg provided by the wheat bran was well absorbed (apparent absorption) and retained by the pigs."	( Effect of wheat bran and pectin on the absorption and retention of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and zinc by the growing pig. Bagheri, S; Guéguen, L, 1985)	0.27
" Phosphorus was well absorbed irrespective of the calcium content of the milk."	( Sequential calcium and phosphorus balance studies in preterm infants. Clarke, M; Elton, RA; Fenton, MH; Giles, MM; Hume, R; Lang, M; Shaw, B, 1987)	0.27
"Two experiments involving 1,152 turkeys were conducted to determine the relative bioavailability of phosphorus of eight phosphates from commercial and experimental sources."	( Bioavailability of phosphorus from various phosphates based on body weight and toe ash measurements. Potter, LM, 1988)	0.27
"Growth, 96-hour balance of nutrients (nitrogen, fat, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium), metabolizable energy, and serum biochemical markers of mineral status (Ca and P concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity) were measured in 22 very low birth weight infants to investigate the bioavailability of minerals from specialized formula and from human milk fortifiers."	( Bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus in human milk fortifiers and formula for very low birth weight infants. Abrams, SA; Garza, C; Schanler, RJ, 1988)	0.27
" The bioavailability of Ca and P from the tested preparations varied widely."	( Mineral balance studies in very low birth weight infants fed human milk. Abrams, SA; Garza, C; Schanler, RJ, 1988)	0.27
"Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of increasing dietary K on macromineral bioavailability from a wheat straw-hay diet, and to monitor changes in the rumen that could affect mineral availability."	( Effects of potassium on macromineral absorption in sheep fed wheat straw-based diets. Grings, EE; Males, JR, 1987)	0.27
"Two experiments were conducted to examine the relative precision of bone densitometry and bone ash methodologies as response criteria in measurement of bioavailability of phosphorus from various supplements for turkeys."	( Phosphorus availability bioassay using bone ash and bone densitometry as response criteria. Akpe, MP; Larntz, K; Metz, AL; Noll, SL; Waibel, PE; Walser, MM, 1987)	0.27
" Bioavailability of phosphorus decreased with age in both groups."	( Studies on the mechanism of diet-induced nephrocalcinosis: calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the female rat. Bex, C; Gangolli, SD; Mendis, D; Phillips, JC, 1986)	0.27
" Poor solubility and possibly the decreased bioavailability of minerals in soy isolate formula may be important."	( Rickets in premature infants fed different formulas. Bridger, WM; Dorand, RD; Hill, JG; Kulkarni, PB; Montiel, DC; Payne, JH, 1984)	0.27
" With an intake of 800 mg of calcium/day, calcium balance was only slightly positive, without consideration of dermal losses or other risk factors that may play a role in calcium bioavailability and calcium retention."	( Calcium requirements in humans. Report of original data and a review. De Bartolo, M; Kramer, L; Lesniak, M; Norris, C; Osis, D; Spencer, H, 1984)	0.27
" Ingested Al is usually poorly absorbed and has been shown to depress utilization of dietary F and P, largely due to the formation of insoluble, nonabsorbable Al complexes."	( Influence of dietary aluminum on nutrient utilization in ruminants. Allen, VG, 1984)	0.27
" Selection of diet ingredients is discussed with respect to the development of P bioavailability values for use in practical diets."	( Phosphorus bioavailability in the chick: effects of protein source and calcium level. Harrold, RL; Haugse, CN; Johnson, RL; Slanger, WD, 1983)	0.27
" In addition, the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements from these diets remains to be determined."	( Mineral and trace element content of vegetarian diets. Coffey, J; Kramer, LB; Osis, D; Spencer, H, 1984)	0.27
" The net calcium absorption rate from a Thirty-Vella loop of jejunum increased with increasing intraluminal Ca concentration and was increased by the addition of 1 alpha-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (3 micrograms/l) to the loop fluid."	( Effects of dietary phosphorus and calcium on the intestinal absorption of Ca in sheep. Abdel-Hafeez, HM; Care, AD; Mañas-Almendros, M; Marshall, DH; Ross, R, 1982)	0.26
" These data suggest that the various forms of vitamin D are well absorbed in preterm infants and that administration of vitamin D metabolites during the first days of life is not warranted for they prophylaxis of early neonatal hypocalcemia."	( Early oral administration of vitamin D and its metabolites in premature neonates. Effect on mineral homeostasis. David, L; Delvin, E; Glorieux, FH; Renaud, H; Salle, BL; Senterre, J, 1982)	0.26
" In this study, the bioavailability of the globin preparation was examined to clarify the mechanism of increase in bone density and strength."	( The nutritional evaluation of globin on maintenance of bone metabolism in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats. Ezawa, I; Goseki, M; Oida, S; Omi, N; Sasaki, S, 1994)	0.29
"An experiment was designed to evaluate the bioavailability of purple laver (Asakusa-Nori, Porphyra tenera Kjellman) magnesium (Mg) in Mg-scarcity Fischer 344 male rats from serum Mg level, kidney calcification and bone Mg contents."	( Bioavailability of magnesium contained in purple laver (Asakusa-Nori) by rats with scarce magnesium, being evaluated from serum magnesium, kidney calcification, and bone magnesium contents. Esashi, T; Hanai, M, 1993)	0.29
"A pot-culture experiment was conducted to assess the bioavailability of iron from spinach cultivated in soil fortified with graded levels of iron and zinc (FeSO4 x 7H2(0) and ZnSO4 x 7H2(0), respectively)."	( In vitro bioavailability of iron from spinach (Spinacea oleracea) cultivated in soil fortified with graded levels of iron and zinc. Khan, TN; Reddy, NS; Sondge, CV, 1993)	0.29
"The 'meal effect' on mineral bioavailability is evaluated in short-term studies on humans whereas feeding experiments on pigs lasting several weeks allow both mineral balance studies and measurements of bone ash contents or breaking strength."	( Meal-feeding and phosphorus ingestion influence calcium bioavailability evaluated by calcium balance and bone breaking strength in pigs. Guéguen, L; Pointillart, A, 1993)	0.29
" Based on estimates of total and available P intakes, the highest level of phytase (1,000 units/g) increased the bioavailability of the P from 25% in the soybean meal diet to 57% in the phytase-supplemented diet, and from 15% in the corn-soybean diet to 43% in the phytase-supplemented diet."	( Efficacy of phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in soybean meal and corn-soybean meal diets for pigs. Coffey, RD; Cromwell, GL; Monegue, HJ; Randolph, JH; Stahly, TS, 1993)	0.29
"A study was conducted with gravid gilts to determine the bioavailability of Ca in sun-cured alfalfa meal (AM) and the effect of dietary Ca concentration on bone and blood characteristics during two phases of gestation."	( Bioavailability of calcium in sun-cured alfalfa meal and effect of dietary calcium concentration on bone and plasma characteristics during two phases of gestation in gilts. Danielson, DM; Mumm, RF; Peo, ER; Walker, GL, 1993)	0.29
"The relative bioavailability of P from seven sources was determined in relation to a standard dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4."	( An evaluation of various response criteria in assessing biological availability of phosphorus for broilers. Kornegay, ET; Ogunabameru, BO; Potchanakorn, M; Potter, LM; Ravindran, V; Welten, MK; Wilson, JH, 1995)	0.29
" Differences in calcium and magnesium bioavailability due to PA and microbial phytase may be one factor in the alteration of tissue cadmium accumulation."	( Effect of phytic acid and microbial phytase on Cd accumulation, Zn status, and apparent absorption of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn in growing rats. Brandt, K; Most, E; Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G, 1995)	0.29
"Aside from the well known alteration of Fe status in Fe deficiency, this condition has also a negative effect on the bioavailability of Ca and Mg."	( Supplementation of a cereal-milk formula with haem iron palliates the adverse effects of iron deficiency on calcium and magnesium metabolism in rats. Alférez, MJ; Barrionuevo, M; Campos, MS; Gómez-Ayala, AE; Hartiti, S; Lisbona, F; López-Aliaga, I; Pallarés, I, 1996)	0.29
"Spinach was evaluated for its bioavailability of magnesium in the experiment with magnesium-deficient rats."	( The bioavailability of magnesium in spinach and the effect of oxalic acid on magnesium utilization examined in diets of magnesium-deficient rats. Ishii, H; Kikunaga, S; Takahashi, M, 1995)	0.29
"The bioavailability of silicon in stabilized orthosilicic acid was investigated in a double blind, placebo controlled supplementation study of calves maintained on a normal diet."	( Supplementation of calves with stabilized orthosilicic acid. Effect on the Si, Ca, Mg, and P concentrations in serum and the collagen concentration in skin and cartilage. Calomme, MR; Vanden Berghe, DA, 1997)	0.3
" In conclusion, fermentation improved phosphorus bioavailability in soybean meal and supplemental inorganic phosphorus was not necessary for the fermented soybean meal-based diet, which remarkably reduced phosphorus excretion."	( Fermentation of soybean meal with Aspergillus usamii reduces phosphorus excretion in chicks. Hirabayashi, M; Matsui, T; Nakajima, T; Yano, H, 1998)	0.3
"The bioavailability of roasted and ground soybean (kinako) magnesium (Mg) in Fischer 344 strain male rats with respect to serum Mg level, bone Mg contents, kidney calcification, and Mg absorption was evaluated."	( Bioavailability of magnesium contained in roasted and ground soybean (kinako) as evaluated by serum and bone magnesium contents, kidney calcification, and magnesium absorption. Esashi, T; Hanai, M, 1998)	0.3
"Phytic-phosphorus has a very low bioavailability for monogastric animals and the non-utilized mineral contributes to the phosphorus (P) pollution problems."	( Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus phytase on phosphorus digestibility, phosphorus excretion, bone strength and performance in pigs. Guggenbuhl, P; Simões Nunes, C, )	0.13
"Three experiments were conducted with 96 growing Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc crossbreds to determine the collective effectiveness of cereal phytase from wheat middlings, microbial phytase, and citric acid in improving phytate-P bioavailability in corn-soy diets."	( Adding wheat middlings, microbial phytase, and citric acid to corn-soybean meal diets for growing pigs may replace inorganic phosphorus supplementation. Han, YM; Lei, XG; Pond, WG; Roneker, KR, 1998)	0.3
"Phytase improves the bioavailability of phytate phosphorus in plant foods to humans and animals and reduces phosphorus pollution of animal waste."	( Expression of an Aspergillus niger phytase gene (phyA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Han, Y; Lei, XG; Wilson, DB, 1999)	0.3
" It has been suggested that the low solubility of this mineral could reduce the bioavailability of lead, and several studies have advocated pyromorphite formation as a remediation technique for lead-contaminated land [3] [5] [6], if necessary using addition of phosphate [6]."	( Lead mineral transformation by fungi. Cotter-Howells, JD; Gadd, GM; Hillier, S; Sayer, JA; Watson, C, 1999)	0.3
" To understand the response of phenanthrene degradation rates to added nitrogen and phosphorus, it may be necessary to consider the bioavailability of added nutrients and nutrient induced changes in microbial metabolism and ecology."	( Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on phenanthrene biodegradation in four soils. Johnson, CR; Scow, KM, 1999)	0.3
" Stronger export of carbon in this region may be due to enhanced bioavailability of aeolian iron."	( Temporal trends in deep ocean Redfield ratios. Pahlow, M; Riebesell, U, 2000)	0.31
" Furthermore, calcium-phytate-zinc interactions may adversely affect zinc bioavailability in growing rats."	( Effect of calcium supplements to a maize-soya diet on the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements and the accumulation of heavy metals in growing rats. Most, E; Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G; Walter, A, 2000)	0.31
"The bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in sediments from West Lake and Lake Tai (China) and Lough Erne (Northern Ireland) was evaluated using total P (TP), water soluble P (WSP), readily desorbable P (RDP), algal available P (AAP) and Olsen-P."	( Evaluation of phosphorus bioavailability in sediments of three contrasting lakes in China and the UK. Gibson, CE; Zhou, Q; Zhu, Y, 2001)	0.31
" The apparently missing detrimental effects of the alkaline deposits on soil microbial activities are probably due to the low bioavailability of contaminants in the calcareous soil."	( Effects of alkaline dust deposits from phosphate fertilizer production on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in grassland soils. Günther, T; Langer, U, 2001)	0.31
" Ready bioavailability coincides well with what is measurable as molybdate-reactive (MRP) or soluble-reactive phosphorus (SRP)."	( Sources and bioavailability of phosphorus fractions in freshwaters: a British perspective. Davies, PS; Reynolds, CS, 2001)	0.31
"We have developed transgenic mouse models to determine whether endogenous expression of phytase transgenes in the digestive tract of monogastric animals can increase the bioavailability of dietary phytate, a major but indigestible form of dietary phosphorus."	( Transgenic mice expressing bacterial phytase as a model for phosphorus pollution control. Forsberg, CW; Golovan, SP; Hayes, MA; Phillips, JP, 2001)	0.31
" It destroys harmful microbes, but it also degrades organic matter in water, increasing the bioavailability of organic matter."	( Microbially available organic carbon, phosphorus, and microbial growth in ozonated drinking water. Lehtola, MJ; Martikainen, PJ; Miettinen, IT; Myllykangas, T; Vartiainen, T, 2001)	0.31
" Reductions in Pb bioavailability as measured by PBET were evident 3 d after treatment, and it may indicate that the reactions between soil Pb and P occurred in situ or during the PBET."	( In situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorus. Hettiarachchi, GM; Pierzynski, GM; Ransom, MD, )	0.13
" Stability of the iron fortified salt (IFS), its bioavailability and organoleptic evaluation of food items containing the IFS have been demonstrated."	( Prospects of fortification of salt with iron and iodine. Brahmam, GN; Krishnaswamy, K; Madhavan Nair, K; Ranganathan, S; Sivakumar, B; Vijayaraghavan, K; Vishnuvardhan Rao, M, 2001)	0.31
" The bioavailability of P in normal and HAP corn relative to monosodiumphosphate (MSP) for pigs was assessed in Exp."	( Phosphorus bioavailability, growth performance, and nutrient balance in pigs fed high available phosphorus corn and phytase. Adeola, O; Baxter, C; Joern, BC; Ragland, D; Sands, JS; Sauber, TE, 2001)	0.31
" In order to monitor nutrients in aquatic ecosystems, an assay for monitoring phosphorus bioavailability to cyanobacteria was developed."	( Monitoring of phosphorus bioavailability in water by an immobilized luminescent cyanobacterial reporter strain. Bachmann, TT; Belkin, S; Gillor, O; Post, A; Schmid, RD; Schreiter, PP, 2001)	0.31
" All of these characteristics influence fat digestion, may affect fat and fatty acid absorption, and hence, LCP bioavailability and metabolism in infancy."	( Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from different sources affect fat and fatty acid excretions in rats. Amate, L; Gil, A; Ramírez, M, 2001)	0.31
" Factors that influence adsorption capacity of soils influence the bioavailability and subsequent mobility of As in soils."	( Chemistry of inorganic arsenic in soils: II. Effect of phosphorus, sodium, and calcium on arsenic sorption. Alston, AM; Naidu, R; Smith, E, )	0.13
") Koch] were carried out to evaluate the effects of plant growth on soil Pb bioavailability to humans after addition of P and other amendments, and the effects of these treatments on Pb, Cd, and Zn phytoavailability in three metal-contaminated soils."	( In situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorus and manganese oxide: influence of plant growth. Hettiarachchi, GM; Pierzynski, GM, )	0.13
" Despite the prevalence of inositol phosphates in the environment, their cycling, mobility and bioavailability are poorly understood."	( Inositol phosphates in the environment. Haygarth, PM; McKelvie, ID; Papházy, MJ; Turner, BL, 2002)	0.31
"Redistribution and possible alterations in the zinc-binding pattern during processing in human milk banks may reduce zinc bioavailability to the infant."	( Nutrient composition of banked human milk in Brazil and influence of processing on zinc distribution in milk fractions. Donangelo, CM; Góes, HC; Torres, AG; Trugo, NM, )	0.13
" These results suggest that FOS increase the bioavailability of isoflavones, leading to cooperative effects in the prevention of osteopenia in OVX mice."	( A combination of dietary fructooligosaccharides and isoflavone conjugates increases femoral bone mineral density and equol production in ovariectomized mice. Adlercreutz, H; Ishimi, Y; Morohashi, T; Ohta, A; Sakai, K; Takasaki, M; Uehara, M, 2002)	0.31
" Rhizosphere interactions are deemed to play a key role in controlling bioavailability to crop plants and for a better understanding and improvement of phytoremediation technologies."	( Arsenic transformations in the soil-rhizosphere-plant system: fundamentals and potential application to phytoremediation. Fitz, WJ; Wenzel, WW, 2002)	0.31
" The nature of organic P in the soil and the relevance of the assay to some specific soil substrates is discussed, particularly the chemistry and bioavailability of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate and the lower inositol phosphates."	( Considerations on the use of the p-nitrophenyl phosphomonoesterase assay in the study of the phosphorus nutrition of soil borne fungi. Tibbett, M, 2002)	0.31
" A toxicokinetic approach was used to determine whether phosphorus amendments reduced heavy metal bioavailability to the earthworm Eisenia fetida."	( Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils using phosphorus: evaluation of bioavailability using an earthworm bioassay. Kukkonen, JV; Lydy, MJ; Maenpaa, KA, 2002)	0.31
" In the present study, we assessed the possibility of increasing P bioavailability in fly ash through vermicomposting in a yard experiment."	( Increasing bioavailability of phosphorus from fly ash through vermicomposting. Bhattacharya, SS; Chattopadhyay, GN, )	0.13
"Soil amendments can be used to cost-effectively reduce the bioavailability and mobility of toxic metals in contaminated soils."	( Impacts of phosphate amendments on lead biogeochemistry at a contaminated site. Cao, X; Chen, M; Harris, WG; Ma, LQ; Singh, SP, 2002)	0.31
" After binding to calcium in the gut, oxalic acid absorption seems to be inhibited in the presence of calcium and this means that calcium oxalate is poorly absorbed (at least in the upper gastrointestinal tract)."	( Urinary oxalic acid excretion differs after oral loading of rats with various oxalate salts. Hatano, T; Hossain, RZ; Morozumi, M; Ogawa, Y; Sugaya, K, 2003)	0.32
", apatite, also known as PRs) P compounds to immobilize metals in soils, thereby reducing their bioavailability for plant uptake."	( Role of phosphorus in (Im)mobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil-plant system. Adriano, DC; Bolan, NS; Naidu, R, 2003)	0.32
" As the bioavailability and ecological effect of IP6-P appear to be regulated not only by pH-controlled enzyme activity but also by the associated counterions, the differential protective effects of cations influence the accuracy of manure PHP fraction estimates and increase phytate resistance to enzymatic dephosphorylation that may lead to its persistence in manure."	( Polyvalent cation effects on myo-inositol hexakis dihydrogenphosphate enzymatic dephosphorylation in dairy wastewater. Dao, TH, )	0.13
" Although the pTyr phosphoryl moiety is central in these phenomena, its incorporation into signaling inhibitors is contraindicated due to enzymatic lability and limited bioavailability associated with phosphate esters."	( Phosphotyrosyl mimetics in the development of signal transduction inhibitors. Burke, TR; Lee, K, 2003)	0.32
" Relative bioavailability of Pb, as measured in all tissues, was significantly reduced when comparing untreated with amended soil."	( Treatment of contaminated soil with phosphorus and manganese oxide reduces lead absorption by Sprague-Dawley rats. Hettiarachchi, GM; Oehme, FW; Pierzynski, GM; Ryan, JA; Sonmez, O, )	0.13
" However, reasonable estimates can be made on the basis of current dietary recommendations as well as existing data on bioavailability and customary intake."	( Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin D fortification of complementary foods. Abrams, SA; Atkinson, SA, 2003)	0.32
" Bioavailability differences for Cmax and AUC0-->last were -2."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of tiropramide in healthy volunteers. Chung, YB; Kwon, OS; Park, YJ, 2003)	0.32
" In vivo studies in rats demonstrated cinacalcet HCl is orally bioavailable and displays approximately linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range of 1 to 36 mg/kg."	( Pharmacodynamics of the type II calcimimetic compound cinacalcet HCl. Balandrin, MF; Colloton, M; Fox, J; Harris, R; Heaton, WH; Karbon, W; Lacey, D; Martin, D; Miller, M; Nemeth, EF; Qi, M; Rishton, G; Scherrer, J; Scully, S; Shatzen, E; Van Wagenen, BC, 2004)	0.32
" This knowledge is important forthe evaluation of the long-term stability and bioavailability of P, which is a necessary prerequisite forthe assessment of the sustainability of intensive poultry operations."	( Direct speciation of phosphorus in alum-amended poultry litter: solid-state 31P NMR investigation. Cho, H; Hunger, S; Sims, JT; Sparks, DL, 2004)	0.32
"The Fe bioavailability and the weight gains were evaluated in rats fed a commonly consumed Tunisian meal 'bean seeds ragout' (BSR), with or without beef and with black or green tea decoction."	( Iron bioavailability and weight gains to iron-deficient rats fed a commonly consumed Tunisian meal 'bean seeds ragout' with or without beef and with green or black tea decoction. Chabchoub, S; Hamdaoui, MH; Hédhili, A, 2003)	0.32
", pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3-(X), where X=OH, F or Cl] are comparatively insoluble, and their formation in Pb-contaminated soil may be a means of reducing the bioavailability and chemical lability of Pb in soil."	( Effects of soil amendments on lead uptake by two vegetable crops from a lead-contaminated soil from Anhui, China. Chen, SB; Yang, JC; Zhu, YG, 2004)	0.32
" Changes in Pb bioavailability were measured with an in vitro test and a feeding study with weanling rats."	( In situ soil treatments to reduce the phyto- and bioavailability of lead, zinc, and cadmium. Berti, WR; Brown, S; Chaney, R; Hallfrisch, J; Ryan, JA, )	0.13
"Microbial biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the process of bioremediation can be constrained by lack of nutrients, low bioavailability of the contaminants, or scarcity of PAH-biodegrading microorganisms."	( Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oil-contaminated beach sediments treated with nutrient amendments. Obbard, JP; Xu, R, )	0.13
" A simple tool is presented, referred to as the dynamic bioavailability index (DBI), to determine whether kinetics of P desorption limits plant uptake."	( Phosphorus desorption dynamics in soil and the link to a dynamic concept of bioavailability. Chardon, WJ; de Willigen, P; Koopmans, GF; van Riemsdijk, WH, )	0.13
"The chemical composition of manure P is a key factor determining its potential bioavailability and susceptibility to runoff."	( Phosphorus distribution in dairy manures. Griffin, TS; He, Z; Honeycutt, CW, )	0.13
" Phytate P bioavailability (PPB), Ca bioavailability (CaB), and N bioavailability (NB) were estimated from the disappearance of the nutrients during the passage of feed through the gastrointestinal tract."	( Modeling of parameters affecting phytate phosphorus bioavailability in growing birds. Aggrey, SE; Ankra-Badu, GA; Bakalli, RI; Edwards, HM; Pesti, GM, 2004)	0.32
"The possibility of using exfoliated colonic epithelial cells for assessing the bioavailability of beta-carotene was examined."	( Studies on the bioavailability of the provitamin A carotenoid, beta-carotene, using human exfoliated colonic epithelial cells. Gireesh, T; Nair, PP; Sudhakaran, PR, 2004)	0.32
" This may account for a better bioavailability of the Ca, a greater alkalinization, and a larger decrease in PTH level secondary to a higher ionized Ca level."	( Biological effects of drinking-water mineral composition on calcium balance and bone remodeling markers. Baudoin, C; Boute, D; Brazier, M; De La Guéronniere, V; De Vernejoul, MC; Roux, S, 2004)	0.32
" Our results indicate that sudachi juice added to shirasuboshi was associated with increased calcium bioavailability and suppressed bone resorption in rats."	( Japanese citrus fruit (sudachi) juice is associated with increased bioavailability of calcium from whole small fish and suppressed bone resorption in rats. Fukuta, K; Nii, Y; Sakai, K; Yamamoto, S, 2004)	0.32
" Rhizosphere pH and redox potential (Eh), nutrient bioavailability indices and mycorrhizal colonization were determined."	( Chemical alteration of the rhizosphere of the mycorrhizal-colonized wheat root. Kennedy, AC; Mohammad, MJ; Pan, WL, 2005)	0.33
" Addition of phytases can improve the bioavailability of iron and zinc in food."	( Metabolism of extracellular inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Andlid, TA; Sandberg, AS; Veide, J, 2004)	0.32
" This knowledge is important for the evaluation of long-term stability and bioavailability of P, which is a necessary prerequisite for the assessment of the sustainability of intensive poultry operations."	( How accurate is the assessment of phosphorus pools in poultry litter by sequential extraction? Hunger, S; Sims, JT; Sparks, DL, )	0.13
" However, the optimal P requirement is significantly higher than the stoichiometrically derived P, implying potentially limited bioavailability of P and the need for buffering capacity in the media to mitigate the adverse pH effect for optimal growth of DNT-degrading bacteria."	( Bacterial energetics, stoichiometry, and kinetic modeling of 2,4-dinitrotoluene biodegradation in a batch respirometer. Hughes, JB; Zhang, C, 2004)	0.32
" High Fe and P biosolids composts can reduce the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of soil Pb and can aid in establishing vegetation that would reduce soil transfer into homes."	( Biosolids compost amendment for reducing soil lead hazards: a pilot study of Orgro amendment and grass seeding in urban yards. Ashley, PJ; Chaney, RL; Farfel, MR; Lees, PS; Orlova, AO; Rohde, C, 2005)	0.33
" Data indicate the decreasing bioavailability of dairy cattle, deer, and sheep dung with drying and the need to consider this effect with respect to P returns for soil fertility and the potential for runoff."	( Phosphorus in fresh and dry dung of grazing dairy cattle, deer, and sheep: sequential fraction and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. McDowell, RW; Stewart, I, )	0.13
"The current study was undertaken to evaluate the direct response to 3 generations of divergent selection for phytate P bioavailability (PBA) in the Athens-Canadian randombred chicken population."	( Genetic analysis on the direct response to divergent selection for phytate phosphorus bioavailability in a randombred chicken population. Aggrey, SE; Bakalli, RI; Edwards, HM; Pesti, GM; Zhang, W, 2005)	0.33
" It is also a rich source of Ca and P, but some research has suggested that the bioavailability of P is variable."	( Bioavailability of phosphorus in meat and bone meal for swine. Cromwell, GL; Lindemann, MD; Traylor, SL, 2005)	0.33
"Four phosphorus forms were investigated as potential soil amendments to decrease the bioavailability of Pb and Zn in two repository soils to the earthworm, Eisenia fetida."	( Lead and zinc bioavailability to Eisenia fetida after phosphorus amendment to repository soils. Galvan, KA; Lydy, MJ; Ownby, DR, 2005)	0.33
"The current study was undertaken to evaluate the correlated responses to 3 generations of divergent selection for phytate phosphorus bioavailability (PBA) in the Athens-Canadian randombred chicken population."	( Correlated responses to divergent selection for phytate phosphorus bioavailability in a randombred chicken population. Aggrey, SE; Bakalli, RI; Edwards, HM; Pesti, GM; Zhang, W, 2005)	0.33
" Tibia bone ash (%) was regressed on P intake from K2HPO4 and DDGS, and the ratio of slopes indicated the relative bioavailability of P in DDGS."	( The bioavailability of lysine and phosphorus in distillers dried grains with solubles. Batal, AB; Lumpkins, BS, 2005)	0.33
", exchangeable or loosely sorbed phosphorus (Exch-P), Fe-bound phosphorus (Fe-P), authigenic apatite, CaCO3-bound phosphorus and biogenic apatite (Acet-P), detrital apatite (Det-P) and organic-bound phosphorus (Org-P), in order to assess the potential bioavailability status in these systems."	( Distribution and partitioning of phosphorus in solid waste and sediments from drainage canals in the industrial belt of Delhi, India. Moturi, MC; Rawat, M; Subramanian, V, 2005)	0.33
" Bioavailability of Cd and Cu was evaluated by applying sewage sludge with and without earthworm treatment to soil and then growing cabbage plants."	( Effects of earthworm activity on fertility and heavy metal bioavailability in sewage sludge. Hu, C; Liu, X; Zhang, S, 2005)	0.33
" Thus, both the reduction of dietary P and storage of manure on farm are important for controlling solubility and bioavailability of P forms in soils and waters."	( Establishing a linkage between phosphorus forms in dairy diets, feces, and manures. Cade-Menun, BJ; Sims, JT; Toor, GS, )	0.13
"A new method to assess phosphorus bioavailability in the sediments and soils was developed by using a homemade iron oxide/ cellulose acetate membrane(FeO/CAM)."	( [New method to assess phosphorus bioavailability in the sediments and soils]. Huang, QH; Ma, M; Wang, CX; Wang, DH; Wang, ZJ, 2005)	0.33
" It is also a rich source of Ca and P, but some research has suggested that the bioavailability of P is variable."	( Effects of particle size, ash content, and processing pressure on the bioavailability of phosphorus in meat and bone meal for swine. Cromwell, GL; Lindemann, MD; Traylor, SL, 2005)	0.33
" This scarce dissolved organic carbon (DOC) bioavailability was confirmed by the lower DOC removal (13% macroflocs, 36% stringers)."	( Extracellular enzyme activity and dynamics of bacterial community in mucilaginous aggregates of the northern Adriatic Sea. Fazi, S; Puddu, A; Rosati, M; Sist, P; Zoppini, A, 2005)	0.33
"The objectives of this study were to determine if lengthening the time that soybeans (SB) spend in the extractor during preparation of soybean meal (SBM) results in increased relative bioavailability of phosphorus without negatively impacting true amino acid digestibilities, and to compare those modified SBM with that produced from a low-phytate SB."	( Relative bioavailability of phosphorus and true amino acid digestibility by poultry as affected by soybean extraction time and use of low-phytate soybeans. Fahey, GC; Karr-Lilienthal, LK; Martinez Amezcua, C; Merchen, NR; Parsons, CM; Utterback, PL, 2005)	0.33
" In this context, the present article seeks to review and discuss the current knowledge concerning interactions between AM fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, the physical interactions between AM fungi and bacteria, enhancement of phosphorus and nitrogen bioavailability through such interactions, and finally the associations between AM fungi and their bacterial endosymbionts."	( Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria and their potential for stimulating plant growth. Artursson, V; Finlay, RD; Jansson, JK, 2006)	0.33
" The bioavailability of radionuclides (226Ra, 210Pb and 232Th), rare earth elements and Ba to the surrounding aquatic system was evaluated by the application of sequential leaching of the phosphogypsum samples from the Brazilian phosphoric acid producers."	( Partitioning of radionuclides and trace elements in phosphogypsum and its source materials based on sequential extraction methods. Fávaro, DI; Mazzilli, BP; Santos, AJ; Silva, PS, 2006)	0.33
" Because the phosphate concentrations of many ocean gyres are low, the bioavailability of the larger, chemically heterogeneous pool of dissolved organic phosphorus could markedly influence Trichodesmium physiology."	( Phosphonate utilization by the globally important marine diazotroph Trichodesmium. Chappell, PD; Dyhrman, ST; Haley, ST; Moffett, JW; Orchard, ED; Waterbury, JB; Webb, EA, 2006)	0.33
"05), suggesting that EE2 bioavailability to the fish was likely greater under less-turbid water conditions."	( Effects of eutrophication on vitellogenin gene expression in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol in field mesocosms. Campbell, S; deNoyelles, F; Gordon, DA; Graham, DW; Knapp, CW; Lattier, DL; Lazorchak, JM; Reddy, TV; Toth, GP, 2006)	0.33
" This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of phosphoric acid to sediments would reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of lead to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) as related to adverse hematological effects and altered plasma chemistries."	( Phosphorus amendment reduces hematological effects of lead in mallards ingesting contaminated sediments. Audet, DJ; Heinz, GH; Hoffman, DJ, 2006)	0.33
" This study estimated the bioavailability of particulate phosphorus, in forested, urban, agricultural (i."	( Particulate phosphorus bioavailability as a function of stream flow and land cover. Brett, MT; Ellison, ME, 2006)	0.33
" In Experiment 2, a slope-ratio chick growth and tibia ash assay used a P-deficient soybean meal basal diet, and it was found that the bioavailability of P in DDGS was 67%."	( Effect of microbial phytase and citric acid on phosphorus bioavailability, apparent metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibility in distillers dried grains with solubles in chicks. Baker, DH; Martinez-Amezcua, C; Parsons, CM, 2006)	0.33
"This study was conducted to evaluate: (1) the bacterial growth and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake in an Amazonian lake (Lake Batata) at high-water and low-water periods of the flood pulse; (2) the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) additions on bacterial growth and DOC uptake in Lake Batata at two flood pulse periods; and (3) the bioavailability of the main DOC sources in Lake Batata."	( Influence of hydrological pulse on bacterial growth and DOC uptake in a clear-water Amazonian lake. Azevedo, DA; Bozelli, RL; Enrich-Prast, A; Esteves, FA; Farjalla, VF; Roland, F, 2006)	0.33
"Accurate information on the chemical nature of soil phosphorus is essential for understanding its bioavailability and fate in wetland ecosystems."	( Overestimation of organic phosphorus in wetland soils by alkaline extraction and molybdate colorimetry. Newman, S; Reddy, KR; Turner, BL, 2006)	0.33
" multolupa, raw or after alpha-galactoside extraction, and its effect on the bioavailability of protein, P, Ca, and Mg by growing rats was evaluated using a balance technique."	( Nutritional evaluation of protein, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium bioavailability from lupin (Lupinus albus var. multolupa)-based diets in growing rats: effect of alpha-galactoside oligosaccharide extraction and phytase supplementation. Aranda, P; López-Jurado, M; Porres, JM; Urbano, G, 2006)	0.33
" This review discusses perinatal and neonatal calcium metabolism, with an emphasis on enteral calcium absorption and the nutritional factors affecting calcium bioavailability including the three major endocrine hormones involved in calcium metabolism: parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and calcitonin."	( Calcium nutrition and metabolism during infancy. Bass, JK; Chan, GM, 2006)	0.33
"Sorption may affect the bioavailability and biodegradation of pesticides in soils."	( Effects of surface sorption on microbial degradation of glyphosate. Giesler, R; Nilsson, M; Nordgren, A; Persson, P; Schnurer, Y, 2006)	0.33
"Although low solubility and slow cycling control P circulation in a wide range of ecosystems, most studies that evaluate bioavailability of soil P use only indices of short-term supply."	( Bioavailability of slowly cycling soil phosphorus: major restructuring of soil P fractions over four decades in an aggrading forest. Allen, HL; Li, J; Markewitz, D; Raikes, J; Richter, DD, 2006)	0.33
" Root activity of the Mongolian pine significantly increased the bioavailability of soil P, and accelerated the shift of organic P and Ca-P to Fe-P and Al-P."	( [Rhizosphere effects of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica on soil phosphorus transformation]. Deng, B; Fan, Z; Yu, Z; Zeng, D; Zhao, Q, 2006)	0.33
" However, despite the observed increases in metal bioavailability sewage sludge applications did not lead to an increase in plant shoot concentrations (in wild plants or crop species)."	( Bioavailability and plant accumulation of heavy metals and phosphorus in agricultural soils amended by long-term application of sewage sludge. Díez, J; Domínguez-Rodríguez, MJ; Kidd, PS; Monterroso, C, 2007)	0.34
" The results suggest that inorganic P species control P bioavailability in space and time."	( Speciation of phosphorus fractionation in river sediments by explanatory data analysis. Giokas, DL; Karayannis, MI; Katsaounos, CZ; Leonardos, ID, 2007)	0.34
" Even if WTR-P is lost via erosion to surface waters, the bioavailability of the immobilized P should be minimal and should have negligible effects on water quality."	( Long-term phosphorus immobilization by a drinking water treatment residual. Agyin-Birikorang, S; Brinton, SR; Jacobs, LW; Makris, KC; O'Connor, GA, )	0.13
"Previous studies have reported that increased heat processing and feeding larger particle size ingredients may increase the bioavailability of phytate P in some feedstuffs."	( Effect of increased heat processing and particle size on phosphorus bioavailability in corn distillers dried grains with solubles. Amezcua, CM; Parsons, CM, 2007)	0.34
" One compound 4a, with high oral bioavailability (59%) in rat, exhibited functional antagonism of GR in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)."	( Discovery of novel phosphorus-containing steroids as selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Allan, G; Demarest, K; Fiordeliso, JJ; Gunnet, J; Jiang, W; Linton, O; Lundeen, S; Sui, Z; Tannenbaum, P; Xu, J; Zhu, P, 2007)	0.34
" alterniflora would significantly improve the magnitude of nutrient cycling and bioavailability of trace metals in the salt marsh and maybe transport more toxic metals into the water column and the detrital food web in the estuary."	( Uptake and distribution of N, P and heavy metals in three dominant salt marsh macrophytes from Yangtze River estuary, China. Chen, YQ; Han, JD; Li, CJ; Ping, XY; Qian, PL; Quan, WM; Shen, AL; Shi, LY, 2007)	0.34
" Fortunately, oral calcium supplementation can help to meet these needs; however, the calcium bioavailability depends on the calcium sources."	( Effects of two marine dietary supplements with high calcium content on calcium metabolism and biochemical marker of bone resorption. Borgiès, B; Boukandoura, B; Cayzeele, A; Delannoy, C; Lamotte, C; Lecerf, JM; Libersa, C, 2008)	0.35
"The geochemical characteristics of phosphorus forms in different grain size sediments, the influencing factors as well as the bioavailability of phosphorus in Jiaozhou Bay were investigated employing the sequential extraction method."	( [Sediment record of phosphorus and the primary study of its bioavailability in Jiaozhou Bay sediments]. Dai, JC; Li, N; Li, XG; Song, JM; Yuan, HM; Zheng, GX, 2007)	0.34
" Phosphorus excretion, net absorption, and apparent absorption rate were affected by dietary phytate level but not by the age of the subjects."	( Fecal phytate excretion varies with dietary phytate and age in women. Jeun, BY; Joung, H; Kim, J; King, JC; Li, SJ; Paik, HY; Welch, RM; Woodhouse, LR, 2007)	0.34
"The solubility of orthophosphate (PO4(3-)) in iron-rich sediments can be exceedingly low, limiting the bioavailability of this essential nutrient to microbial populations that catalyze critical biogeochemical reactions."	( Utilization of DNA as a sole source of phosphorus, carbon, and energy by Shewanella spp.: ecological and physiological implications for dissimilatory metal reduction. Ammons, C; Beliaev, AS; Culley, DE; Fredrickson, JK; Li, SM; McLean, JS; Nealson, KH; Pinchuk, GE; Romine, MF, 2008)	0.35
"The Doñana National Park contains highly complex microbial communities that play critical roles in the bioavailability and biogeochemical cycling of elements."	( Role of specific microbial communities in the bioavailability of iron in Doñana National Park. González, JM; Portillo, MC; Reina, M; Saíz-Jiménez, C; Serrano, L, 2008)	0.35
"Forms and bioavailability of phosphorus in the sediments of eight sampling sites from Sungo Bay were analyzed by means of sequential extraction method (SEDEX)."	( [Forms and bioavailability of phosphorus in surface sediments from Sungo Bay]. Fang, JG; Jiang, ZJ; Mao, YZ; Wang, W; Zhang, JH, 2007)	0.34
" Two chick experiments were conducted to determine the P bioavailability based on tibia ash."	( Phosphorus bioavailability, true metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibilities of high protein corn distillers dried grains and dehydrated corn germ. Amezcua, CM; Kim, EJ; Parsons, CM; Utterback, PL, 2008)	0.35
"Acquisition of nutrients by plants is primarily dependent on root growth and bioavailability of nutrients in the rooting medium."	( Fertilizer-dependent efficiency of Pseudomonads for improving growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Arshad, M; Naveed, M; Shaharoona, B; Zahir, ZA, 2008)	0.35
"Extracellular phosphohydrolases mediate the dephosphorylation of phosphoesters and influence bioavailability and loss of agricultural P to the environment to pose risks of impairment of sensitive aquatic ecosystems."	( Dephosphorylation and quantification of organic phosphorus in poultry litter by purified phytic-acid high affinity Aspergillus phosphohydrolases. Dao, TH; Hoang, KQ, 2008)	0.35
" This study evaluated soil nutrient bioavailability and nutrient contents of red pine (Pinus thunbergii) needles in forest soils of industrial and non-industrial areas of Korea."	( Soil nutrient bioavailability and nutrient content of pine trees (Pinus thunbergii) in areas impacted by acid deposition in Korea. Lee, WY; Ok, YS; Skousen, J; Yang, JE, 2009)	0.35
"To investigate the potential bioavailability and mobility of phosphorus (P) in sewage sludge, the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) programme was employed to characterize the distribution of P in sewage sludge from different treatment stage of Jiangxinzhou WWTP."	( [Distribution of phosphorus fractions and bio-available phosphorus forms and their relationships in sewage sludge]. Feng, SL; Li, XC; Wang, C; Wang, PF; Zou, LM, 2008)	0.35
" The two different sources of dietary protein had profound effects on the progression of CKD-MBD, likely due to differences in intestinal bioavailability of phosphorus."	( A rat model of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder. Chen, NX; Chen, X; Duan, D; Gattone, VH; Liang, Y; Moe, SM; Radcliff, JS; Seifert, MF; Sinders, RM; White, KE, 2009)	0.35
" In addition, nutrient content of soil was determined, and bioavailability of soil nutrient was measured with plant root simulator probes."	( Enhanced plant nutrient use efficiency with PGPR and AMF in an integrated nutrient management system. Adesemoye, AO; Kloepper, JW; Torbert, HA, 2008)	0.35
" Bidentata showed double-peak curves in the whole growth period, maximum absorption rate appeared in the middle ten days of October."	( [Primary study on absorption, translocation and accumulation of N, P and K of Achyranthes bidentata]. Han, YL; Liu, H; Tan, JF; Wang, L; Xue, SY; Zhang, YL; Zhang, ZY; Zuo, XY, 2008)	0.35
"The bioavailability of arsenic (As) in the soil environment is largely governed by its adsorption-desorption reactions with soil constituents."	( Sorption and bioavailability of arsenic in selected Bangladesh soils. Huq, SM; Naidu, R; Owens, G; Smith, E, 2009)	0.35
", between water and sediment), significantly affects the bioavailability of these species to organisms."	( A sequential extraction to determine the distribution of phosphorus in the seawater and marine surface sediment. Aydin, F; Aydin, I; Hamamci, C; Saydut, A, 2009)	0.35
" These properties may suggest the composition of organic phosphorus and its bioavailability differs in different extractions."	( [Characteristics of organic matter in different extractions of phosphorus forms in sediments in north part of Taihu Lake]. Li, W; Mei, Y; Wang, J; Wang, LY; Wu, FC; Zhang, RY, 2009)	0.35
"Better understanding of the processes controlling arsenic bioavailability in the rhizosphere is important to enhance plant arsenic accumulation by hyperaccumulators."	( Rhizosphere characteristics of two arsenic hyperaccumulating Pteris ferns. Gonzaga, MI; Ma, LQ; Matias, MI; Santos, JA, 2009)	0.35
" Phosphorus bioavailability is essential for the efficiency of PRs and can be increased by acid treatments."	( Comparing phosphorus mobilization strategies using Aspergillus niger for the mineral dissolution of three phosphate rocks. de Orduña, RM; Fallow, D; Glasauer, S; Schneider, KD; Smith, PS; Trevors, J; van Straaten, P, 2010)	0.36
" Ingestion of potato starch increased Ca, Mg, and P excretion into feces and decreased the absorption rate of Ca and Mg."	( Ingestion of potato starch containing high levels of esterified phosphorus reduces calcium and magnesium absorption and their femoral retention in rats. Chiji, H; Fukusima, M; Ishida, K; Kanazawa, T; Machida, A; Mineo, H; Morikawa, N; Noda, T; Ohmi, S, 2009)	0.35
" Hedley method, a widely used soil phosphorous fractionation scheme, gives attention to both organic and inorganic phosphorous forms, being available to understand the bioavailability and dynamics of soil phosphorus."	( [Soil phosphorus form and fractionation scheme: a review]. Chen, WN; Hu, HY; Liu, L; Luo, P; Wu, N; Wu, Y; Zhang, L, 2009)	0.35
" However, changes in short- to medium-term bioavailability of P were modest, and thus the potential benefits of composting regarding storage and handling can presumably be realized without seriously compromising the P fertilization quality."	( Phosphorus distribution in untreated and composted solid fractions from slurry separation. Jensen, LS; Jorgensen, K; Luxhoi, J; Magid, J, )	0.13
" Consequently, the bioavailability of F tended to be higher on LP than NP or HP diets."	( Effect of long-term fluoride exposure on growth, nutrient utilization and fluoride kinetics of calves fed graded levels of dietary protein. Khan, SA; Lohakare, J; Pattanaik, A, 2010)	0.36
" Given DHP has a high bioavailability the environmental implications need further consideration."	( The strategic significance of wastewater sources to pollutant phosphorus levels in English rivers and to environmental management for rural, agricultural and urban catchments. Jarvie, HP; Neal, C; Neal, M; Whitton, BA; Withers, PJ, 2010)	0.36
" In order to investigate and quantify effects of wastewater sludge biochar on soil quality, growth, yield and bioavailability of metals in cherry tomatoes, pot experiments were carried out in a temperature controlled environment and under four different treatments consisting of control soil, soil with biochar; soil with biochar and fertiliser, and soil with fertiliser only."	( Agronomic properties of wastewater sludge biochar and bioavailability of metals in production of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Chan, KY; Hossain, MK; Nelson, PF; Strezov, V, 2010)	0.36
"The WERF Nutrient Challenge is a multi-year collaborative research initiative established in 2007 to develop and provide current information about wastewater treatment nutrients (specifically nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater), their characteristics, and bioavailability in aquatic environments to help regulators make informed decisions."	( WERF Nutrient Challenge investigates limits of nutrient removal technologies. Clark, D; Neethling, JB; Pramanik, A; Sandino, J; Stensel, HD; Tsuchihashi, R, 2010)	0.36
"Phosphorus fractionation was employed to find the bioavailability of phosphorus and its seasonal variations in the Panangad region of Cochin estuary, the largest estuarine system in the southwest coast of India."	( Fractionation and bioavailability of phosphorus in a tropical estuary, Southwest India. Chandramohanakumar, N; Joseph, MM; Renjith, KR, 2011)	0.37
" P bioavailability to the plant, in low-P soils."	( A mechanistic model for understanding root-induced chemical changes controlling phosphorus availability. Devau, N; Gérard, F; Hinsinger, P; Le Cadre, E, 2010)	0.36
" The study thus enabled P and Ca availability to be related to their bioavailability for durum wheat under experimental conditions."	( A mechanistic model for understanding root-induced chemical changes controlling phosphorus availability. Devau, N; Gérard, F; Hinsinger, P; Le Cadre, E, 2010)	0.36
"The relative bioavailability of P in 5 sources of inorganic P was determined using growing pigs."	( Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in inorganic phosphorus sources fed to growing pigs. Lindemann, MD; Pedersen, C; Petersen, GI; Stein, HH, 2011)	0.37
"A random-mating population was used to study the genetic interrelationship between phytate P (PPB), Ca (CaB), N (NB), and energy bioavailability (EB), BW at 4 wk of age, relative growth (RG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR)."	( Genetic interrelationships among phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, and energy bioavailability in a growing chicken population. Aggrey, SE; Ankra-Badu, GA; Pesti, GM, 2010)	0.36
"The mobility and bioavailability of lead (Pb) in soils can be mitigated by its immobilization using both soluble and insoluble phosphate (P) compounds."	( Comparative value of phosphate sources on the immobilization of lead, and leaching of lead and phosphorus in lead contaminated soils. Bolan, N; Megharaj, M; Naidu, R; Park, JH, 2011)	0.37
"The paper presents the results of the distribution of phosphorus bioavailability (total, organic, and inorganic phosphorus) in surface sediment and river water from the Orontes (Asi) River (Samandag, Antakya, Turkey) in March 2008."	( Phosphorus speciation in the surface sediment and river water from the Orontes (Asi) River, Turkey. Aydin, F; Aydin, I; Hamamci, C, 2010)	0.36
"01 M CaCl(2) extraction is often used to asses the bioavailability of plant nutrients in soils."	( Speciation of Se and DOC in soil solution and their relation to Se bioavailability. Bussink, W; Supriatin, S; Van Riemsdijk, WH; Vega, FA; Weng, L, 2011)	0.37
" Based on the bioavailability of Fe/Al-P, 40."	( [Mechanism of phosphorus adsorption and immobility by sediments in innercity heavily polluted canal]. Fan, CX; Huang, Y; Li, DP; Yuan, Y, 2011)	0.37
" Here, an algal bioassay to investigate the potential bioavailability of particulate P in soil collected from a citrus orchard was conducted."	( Potential bioavailability of phosphorus in citrus orchard soil to Microcystis aeruginosa. Inoue, T; Okubo, Y; Tsushima, K; Yokota, K, 2011)	0.37
" It is therefore of primary importance to understand the mechanisms underlying metal ion accumulation, distribution, storage, and bioavailability in aleurone subcellular organelles for seed fortification purposes."	( New insights into globoids of protein storage vacuoles in wheat aleurone using synchrotron soft X-ray microscopy. Eichert, D; Gianoncelli, A; Kaulich, B; Kreft, I; Pongrac, P; Regvar, M; Vogel-Mikus, K, 2011)	0.37
"Excess P decreased the distribution of Zn in grain, while Zn enhanced the uptake of Zn and P in grain, The combined application of Zn fertilizer with the extensive use of P fertilizer can effectively increase the P and Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability of wheat grain, and hence Zn nutritional quality."	( Impacts of phosphorus and zinc levels on phosphorus and zinc nutrition and phytic acid concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Cao, YX; Chen, ZH; Lu, XC; Tian, XH; Yang, XW, 2011)	0.37
"Previous studies have shown that the application of soil amendments is efficient in reducing acidity and heavy metal bioavailability in mine soils."	( Effectiveness of amendments on re-acidification and heavy metal immobilization in an extremely acidic mine soil. Li, JT; Liao, B; Shu, WS; Yang, B; Yang, SX; Zhang, JT, 2011)	0.37
" However, it contains antinutritional factors that may affect bioavailability of minerals and lead in reduced growth."	( Effects of replacing fish meal by soybean meal along with supplementing phosphorus and magnesium in diet on growth performance of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Bagheri, T; Imanpoor, MR, 2012)	0.38
" In contrast, the bioavailability of the P-bearing compounds present in the SSA after thermal treatment with gaseous HCl was not as good as the bioavailability of the P-bearing compounds formed by the utilization of magnesium chloride."	( Heavy metal removal from sewage sludge ash by thermochemical treatment with gaseous hydrochloric acid. Adam, C; Vogel, C, 2011)	0.37
" The hog (Sus scrofa) manure had the greatest P bioavailability while turkey (Meleagris gallopava) litter had the lowest among the animal P sources across all soils and levels of P application."	( Bioavailable phosphorus in animal waste amended soils: using actual crop uptake and p mass balance approach. Pierzynski, GM; Shafqat, MN, 2011)	0.37
"75 L/h and bioavailability of 75."	( Exposure-clinical response analysis of paricalcitol in patients with chronic kidney disease (stage 5) on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Awni, WM; Garimella, TS; Klein, CE; Lichtenberger, O; Noertersheuser, PA; Palaparthy, R; Pradhan, RS; Williams, LA, 2012)	0.38
"We investigated the effects of MRP, from a bread crust diet, on phosphorus bioavailability and tissue distribution in rats to determine whether these effects are related to the molecular weight of browning products."	( Influence of bread crust-derived Maillard reaction products on phosphorus balance in rats. Alonso-Olalla, R; Delgado-Andrade, C; Navarro, MP; Roncero-Ramos, I, 2012)	0.38
" Thus, we recommend the ratios as bioavailability traits in biofortification research."	( Quantitative trait loci for biofortification traits in maize grain. Brkić, A; Brkić, I; Brkić, J; Jambrović, A; Ledencan, T; Mladenović Drinić, S; Simić, D; Zdunić, Z, )	0.13
" We examined the effluents from a pilot plant that is testing various alum based processes for achieving>99% P removal, however, it is not known how these advanced P removal technologies affect the bioavailability of P (BAP)."	( The impact of alum based advanced nutrient removal processes on phosphorus bioavailability. Brett, MT; Li, B, 2012)	0.38
"Solid state phosphorous is an important phosphorus speciation controlling the phosphorous bioavailability and mobility in the environment."	( [Applications of synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy in identifying solid state phosphorus speciation: a review]. Chen, YX; Hu, YF; Liang, XQ; Liu, J; Shi, JY; Yang, JJ, 2011)	0.37
" The safety studies demonstrated that the presence of the (31)P endorectal coil had no influence on the specific absorption rate levels and temperature distribution of the external eight-channel (1)H array coil."	( In vivo 31P MR spectroscopic imaging of the human prostate at 7 T: safety and feasibility. Bitz, AK; Heerschap, A; Kobus, T; Lagemaat, MW; Orzada, S; Rothgang, E; Scheenen, TW; van Uden, MJ, 2012)	0.38
" This study seeks to quantify and elucidate how inundation of wetland sediments affects bioavailability of P and contributions of P to downstream systems."	( Inundation influences on bioavailability of phosphorus in managed wetland sediments in agricultural landscapes. Douglas Shields, F; Kröger, R; Lizotte, RE; Usborne, E, )	0.13
"This study was set up to relate lead (Pb) bioavailability with its toxicity to plants in soils."	( Lead phytotoxicity in soils and nutrient solutions is related to lead induced phosphorus deficiency. Cheyns, K; Delcourt, D; Peeters, S; Smolders, E, 2012)	0.38
" Low-phytate (LP) grain is distinguished by containing not only a reduced level of phytate P but also an increased level of inorganic P, resulting in greater bioavailability of P and mineral cations in animal diets."	( Compositional equivalence of barleys differing only in low- and normal-phytate levels. Bregitzer, P; Hicks, KB; Liu, K; Moreau, RA, 2012)	0.38
"To find out the distribution and bioavailability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) species in the urban dusts of Hefei City, 52 samples were collected from impervious areas with six different urban land-use types."	( [Distribution and bioavailability of nitrogen and phosphorus species in the urban dusts from Hefei City]. Li, F; Li, RZ; Qian, JZ; Tong, F; Zhou, AJ, 2012)	0.38
" These factors included the bioavailability and settling characteristics of particulate phosphorus from this effluent, the dominant form (70%) of phosphorus in this input, and the plunging of the discharge to stratified layers in the lake."	( Factors diminishing the effectiveness of phosphorus loading from municipal effluent: critical information for TMDL analyses. Auer, MT; DePetro, PA; Effler, SW; Lambert, RS; Matthews, DA; Minott, NM; O'Donnell, SM; Peng, F; Perkins, M; Prestigiacomo, AR, 2012)	0.38
" Further research with initially low water-soluble P containing organic materials is required to quantify the P mineralization potential and bioavailability of P from dung."	( Improving bioavailability of phosphorous from cattle dung by using phosphatase immobilized on natural clay and nanoclay. Bolan, N; Calabi-Floody, M; Gianfreda, L; Mora, ML; Rumpel, C; Saggar, S; Velásquez, G, 2012)	0.38
"Sequential chemical extraction using chelating agents were used to study the P dynamics and its bioavailability along the surface sediments of the Cochin estuary (southwest coast of India)."	( Phosphorous speciation in surface sediments of the Cochin estuary. Chandramohanakumar, N; Deepulal, PM; Gireeshkumar, TR, 2013)	0.39
" This data will support mechanistic modeling efforts to improve prediction of P digestion, allowing more accurate estimation of P bioavailability in feeds."	( Disappearance of infused phytate from the large intestine of dairy heifers. Knowlton, KF; Pearson, RE; Ray, PP; Shang, C, 2012)	0.38
" In this study we evaluated physical properties, chemical reactivity, and potential bioavailability of P mobilized in soil during a leaching event and examined how the amounts and properties of leached P were influenced by surface application of cattle manure."	( Characterization of leached phosphorus from soil, manure, and manure-amended soil by physical and chemical fractionation and Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT). Donner, E; Glæsner, N; Lombi, E; Magid, J; Rubæk, GH; Zhang, H, 2012)	0.38
"Both the high phosphorus (P) content and P bioavailability of the animal feed coproducts of the corn-ethanol industry could potentially contribute to increased manure and soil P levels and associated environmental issues (e."	( Phosphorus flow and characterization in dry-grind corn ethanol plants. Alkan-Ozkaynak, A; Karthikeyan, KG, )	0.13
" Composting is a process used to improve the bioavailability of phytate in organic wastes through degradation by microorganisms."	( Phytate degradation by fungi and bacteria that inhabit sawdust and coffee residue composts. Fathallh Eida, M; Kouno, K; Nagaoka, T; Wasaki, J, 2013)	0.39
"To compare iron bioavailability (Fe BV) from ten selected kinds of Chinese wheat flours in order to provide scientific basis for further human trials and enable plant breeding programs to screen biofortified wheat cultivars."	( Assessment of iron bioavailability in ten kinds of Chinese wheat flours using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. Bai, L; Chen, XG; Huang, CY; Ivan, OM; Lei, J; Zhang, MQ; Zhang, Y, 2012)	0.38
"Significant differences were observed in both Fe BV and Fe bioavailability per gram of food (Fe BVPG) among cultivars (P<0."	( Assessment of iron bioavailability in ten kinds of Chinese wheat flours using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. Bai, L; Chen, XG; Huang, CY; Ivan, OM; Lei, J; Zhang, MQ; Zhang, Y, 2012)	0.38
" The results of an in vitro digestion process showed that the bioavailability of calcium, phosphorus, and zinc was significantly higher in our fermented milk containing the probiotic bacterial strain than it was in commercial goat-milk fermented products."	( The probiotic bacterial strain Lactobacillus fermentum D3 increases in vitro the bioavailability of Ca, P, and Zn in fermented goat milk. Artacho, R; Bergillos-Meca, T; Cabrera-Vique, C; Giménez, R; Lasserrot, A; Moreno-Montoro, M; Navarro-Alarcón, M; Olalla, M; Ruiz-Bravo, A; Ruiz-López, MD, 2013)	0.39
"2% of the total particle phosphorus, indicating that bioavailability of phosphorus in the surface sediments is low."	( [Forms and distributions of particulate phosphorus in the surface sediments of North Yellow Sea]. Chen, HT; Meng, J; Yao, QZ; Yu, ZG, 2012)	0.38
" A bioavailability test (citric acid extraction) showed P, Ca and Mg in the digestate were totally available."	( Nutrient solubilization and its availability following anaerobic digestion. Batstone, DJ; Mehta, CM, 2013)	0.39
" Early provision of highly bioavailable mineral supplies, correction of vitamin D deficiency and the screening of serum phosphorus concentration combined to urinary mineral excretion appears to be helpful for the prevention of MBD."	( Prematurity and bone health. de Halleux, V; Pieltain, C; Rigo, J; Senterre, T, 2013)	0.39
" The redworm bioassay indicated Pb (but not As) bioavailability to be reduced by soil amendment with compost, a result consistent with the ammonium acetate extraction test but not reflected in modified BCR test."	( Extractability and bioavailability of Pb and As in historically contaminated orchard soil: effects of compost amendments. Fleming, M; McBride, MB; Tai, Y; Zhuang, P, 2013)	0.39
" Moreover the use of bioassay demonstrated that mycorrhiza and clay particle reduced arsenic bioavailability in soil."	( Effect of arsenic contaminated irrigation water on Lens culinaris L. and toxicity assessment using lux marked biosensor. Ahmed, FR; Alexander, IJ; Killham, K; Mwinyihija, M, 2012)	0.38
" Further investigations revealed that the harvested precipitate had a high struvite content (97%), high P bioavailability (94%), and low heavy metal content, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer."	( Recovery of phosphorus as struvite from sewage sludge ash. Gu, W; He, P; Shao, L; Wang, G; Xu, H, 2012)	0.38
" The bioavailability of organic P, relative to PO4, was calculated from uptake of (31)P and (33)P isotopes assuming no isotopic exchange with organic P-forms."	( Bioavailability of organic phosphorus to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as affected by phosphorus starvation: an isotope dilution study. De Schutter, N; Merckx, R; Smolders, E; Van Moorleghem, C, 2013)	0.39
" There were significant differences in the decreases in the metal bioavailability factors (BFs) between the passivator and control treatments, and adding 20% FA (for Cu and Zn) or 20% PR (for Pb, Cd, and As) to the vermicompost were the most effective treatments for mitigating metal toxicity."	( Impact of fly ash and phosphatic rock on metal stabilization and bioavailability during sewage sludge vermicomposting. Chao, J; Gao, Y; Lian, J; Wang, L; Yang, F; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.39
"Phosphorus (P) influences arsenic (As) mobility and bioavailability which depends on the charge components of soil."	( Phosphorus-arsenic interactions in variable-charge soils in relation to arsenic mobility and bioavailability. Bolan, N; Choppala, G; Kunhikrishnan, A; Mahimairaja, S, 2013)	0.39
" Based on results of sequential extraction of Po and enzymatic hydrolysis, lability and bioavailability was in decreasing order as follows: H2O-Po > NaHCO3-Po > NaOH-Po, and bioavailable Po accounted for only 12."	( Characterization of organic phosphorus in lake sediments by sequential fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis. Giesy, JP; Guo, F; Guo, J; He, Z; Liao, H; Qu, X; Wu, F; Xie, F; Zhu, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Further analysis demonstrated that WTRs can stabilize P, decreasing the P bioavailability in the sediments under varied conditions."	( Effects of light, microbial activity, and sediment resuspension on the phosphorus immobilization capability of drinking water treatment residuals in lake sediment. Pei, Y; Wang, C, 2013)	0.39
" The effect of coal combustion products (CCPs) for enhancing the bioavailability of applied phosphorus (P) in soil was examined separately for inorganic (KH2PO4 - PP) and organic (poultry manure - PM) P treatments, where fluidised bed combustion (FBC) ash emerged as the most effective amendment."	( Differential effect of coal combustion products on the bioavailability of phosphorus between inorganic and organic nutrient sources. Bolan, N; Choppala, G; Naidu, R; Seshadri, B, 2013)	0.39
" WE significantly enhanced the intestinal calcium absorption rate and decreased the enlarged trabecular bone surface at the site of metaphysic tibia in OVX rats."	( Combination treatment with Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Puerariae radix offsets their independent actions on bone and mineral metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Cao, SS; Denney, L; Dong, XL; Feng, HT; Gao, QG; Wong, MS, 2014)	0.4
"Conventional assays to measure phosphorus in freshwater systems are sometimes not sufficient to quantify the actual bioavailable P for aquatic biota since some inorganic or organic P species may not be detected by chemical methods, and their bioavailability can be affected by a range of environmental factors."	( Monitoring bioavailable phosphorus in lotic systems: a polyphasic approach based on cyanobacteria. Fernández-Piñas, F; Martínez-Rosell, A; Mateo, P; Muñoz-Martín, MÁ; Perona, E, 2014)	0.4
"Several studies have shown Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP) analyses provide a poor index of dissolved phosphorus (P) bioavailability in natural systems."	( The influence of dissolved phosphorus molecular form on recalcitrance and bioavailability. Brett, MT; Li, B, 2013)	0.39
"One of the approaches to enhance bioavailability of nucleoside reverse transcriptase HIV inhibitors consists in design of their prodrugs based on 1,3-diacylglycerols, which may simulate nature lipids metabolic pathways promoting the improvement of drug delivery to the target cells."	( [Synthesis, properties and anti-HIV activity of novel lipophilic 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine conjugates containing functional phosphoric linkages]. Chataeva, MS; D'iakova, LN; Lobach, OA; Mal'tseva, TIu; Nosik, DN; Shastina, NS; Shvetz, VI, )	0.13
" Studies investigating the bioavailability of minerals are necessary before firm recommendations can be made."	( Evaluation of calcium, phosphorus, and selected trace mineral status in commercially available dry foods formulated for dogs. Center, SA; Gagné, JW; Glahn, RP; Rutzke, MA; Wakshlag, JJ, 2013)	0.39
" The phosphorus inside its molecule (PPhy) is not available because of its low solubility, though the bioavailability could be increased by the activity of phytase enzymes (PhyA)."	( [Phytic phosphorus and phytase activity in cereal-based infant formulas]. Linares, Z; Ojeda, A; Villavicencio, I, 2012)	0.38
" plant derived), and the protein-to-phosphorus ratio in the bioavailability of phosphorus from food."	( Dietary and pharmacological modification of fibroblast growth factor-23 in chronic kidney disease. Adema, AY; de Borst, MH; Ter Wee, PM; Vervloet, MG, 2014)	0.4
" Bioavailability ratios of P (i."	( Sediment and Phosphorus Accumulation Dynamics behind Newly Installed Low-Grade Weirs in Agricultural Drainage Ditches. Kröger, R; Pierce, SC; Usborne, EL, 2013)	0.39
"Phosphorus (P) adsorption onto soil constituents influences P bioavailability from both agronomic and environmental perspectives."	( The Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants and prediction of phosphorus bioavailability as affected by different phosphorus sources in two Kansas soils. Pierzynski, GM; Shafqat, MN, 2014)	0.4
" In addition to its direct toxicity, Al can also reduce the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in ecosystems through the formation of stable chemical complexes."	( Interactive effects of aluminium and phosphorus on microbial leaf litter processing in acidified streams: a microcosm approach. Boudot, JP; Charmasson, F; Clivot, H; Danger, M; Felten, V; Guérold, F, 2014)	0.4
" The bioavailability of phosphorus is distinctively low due to its slow diffusion and high fixation in soils which make phosphorus a key limiting factor for crop production."	( Role of phosphate fertilizers in heavy metal uptake and detoxification of toxic metals. Chatterjee, S; Datta, S; Gupta, DK; Veer, V; Walther, C, 2014)	0.4
" Persistence of inorganic orthophosphate throughout the peat profile in this P-limiting environment indicates that P may be bound to recalcitrant organic compounds, thus limiting P bioavailability in the subsurface."	( Microbial metabolic potential for carbon degradation and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) acquisition in an ombrotrophic peatland. Chanton, JP; Chanton, P; Cooper, W; Green, SJ; Imvittaya, A; Kostka, JE; Lin, X; Schadt, C; Steinweg, JM; Tfaily, MM, 2014)	0.4
"Phytic acid, the major storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds is degraded by the phytases to yield inositol and free phosphate, contributing thereby to the improved bioavailability of phytate phosphorus and essential minerals in plant foods and simultaneous reduction in phosphorus pollution of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems."	( Characterization and expression of codon optimized soybean phytase gene in E. coli. Jolly, M; Punjabi, M; Rai, RD; Sachdev, A; Singh, P, 2013)	0.39
" The bioavailability of P in natural waters strongly depends on its speciation."	( Iron colloids reduce the bioavailability of phosphorus to the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. Baken, S; Nawara, S; Smolders, E; Van Moorleghem, C, 2014)	0.4
" The higher bioavailability of P during the dry season may be attributed to increased mineralization of organic matter and dissolution of Ca-P in response to more oxidizing and acidic conditions."	( Phosphorus geochemistry in a Brazilian semiarid mangrove soil affected by shrimp farm effluents. Ferreira, TO; Macías, F; Nóbrega, GN; Otero, XL, 2014)	0.4
" Adsorption, desorption, and precipitation reactions at environmental interfaces govern the reactivity, speciation, mobility, and bioavailability of inositol hexakisphosphates in terrestrial and aquatic environments."	( Mechanism of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate sorption on amorphous aluminum hydroxide: spectroscopic evidence for rapid surface precipitation. Feng, X; Li, W; Liu, F; Sparks, DL; Yan, Y; Yang, J; Zheng, A, 2014)	0.4
" In conclusion, fertilization strategies, especially under long-term, could affect the binding of organic ligands to Al(III) in soil DOM, which resulted in alterations in the turnover, reactivity, and bioavailability of soil organic matter."	( Insights into complexation of dissolved organic matter and Al(III) and nanominerals formation in soils under contrasting fertilizations using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy techniques. He, X; Li, H; Ran, W; Shen, Q; Wang, C; Wen, Y; Xiao, J; Yu, G; Zhou, Q, 2014)	0.4
"This paper provides an overview of the principle and latest development of the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technology and its applications in environmental studies with a focus on bioavailability assessment of phosphorus and metals in sediments and soils."	( Bioavailability assessment of phosphorus and metals in soils and sediments: a review of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). Ding, S; Tang, Y; Wong, MH; Xu, D; Zhang, C, 2014)	0.4
"Microbial phytases increase the bioavailability of phytate P in poultry diets, and a survey was undertaken to determine if their use had lowered the P composition of broiler litter in Northern Ireland compared with standard values of litter composition listed in the current United Kingdom fertilizer recommendations."	( Assessing changes in the composition of broiler litters from commercial poultry units in Northern Ireland following the adoption of phytase in diets. Ball, ME; Foy, RH; George, J, 2014)	0.4
" We hypothesised that the bioavailability of N and P content of poultry litter biochar may play an important role in increasing soil and plant δ(15)N and P concentrations."	( Soil and foliar nutrient and nitrogen isotope composition (δ(15)N) at 5 years after poultry litter and green waste biochar amendment in a macadamia orchard. Bai, SH; Blumfield, TJ; Reverchon, F; Van Zwieten, L; Wallace, H; Xu, CY; Xu, Z; Zhao, H, 2015)	0.42
" Consistently, lower P release factors in limed lakes show limitation of internal P cycling during summer months that may be a factor limiting P bioavailability and thus productivity of these systems."	( Anthropogenic oligotrophication via liming: Long-term phosphorus trends in acidified, limed, and neutral reference lakes in Sweden. Hu, Q; Huser, BJ, 2014)	0.4
"There is still a great knowledge gap in the understanding of characteristics and bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in wastewater effluents, which surmise implications related to both discharge regulation and treatment practice."	( Bioavailability and characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic phosphorus in wastewater effluents. Gu, AZ; Liu, H; Liu, L; Qin, C; Sedlak, DL; Smith, S, 2015)	0.42
" Moreover, bioavailability of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cu) was reduced substantially during vermicomposting, irrespective of the earthworm species."	( Metal remediation and biodegradation potential of earthworm species on municipal solid waste: a parallel analysis between Metaphire posthuma and Eisenia fetida. Bhattacharya, SS; Bhattacharyya, P; Goswami, L; Kim, KH; Sahariah, B, 2015)	0.42
"The content and vertical distribution characteristics of organic phosphorus were studied by collecting core sediments of Dianchi Lake, characterizing the bioavailability of different organic phosphorus species of these sediments by enzymatic hydrolysis."	( [Characteristics and bioavailability of organic phosphorus from different sources of sediments in Dianchi Lake]. Jiao Li, X; Peng, XL; Wang, SR; Xiong, Q, 2014)	0.4
"In the present study, we aimed to understand how amelioration of animal manure compost (AMC) with high phosphorus and low water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) contents can simultaneously immobilize lead and reduce lead mobility and bioavailability in soil irrespective of the animal source."	( Impact of phosphorus and water-soluble organic carbon in cattle and swine manure composts on lead immobilization in soil. Katoh, M; Kitahara, W; Sato, T; Wang, Y, )	0.13
" The phenomenon showed that P improved the bioavailability of Pb, while citric acid had the opposite effect."	( [Effect of phosphate and organic acid addition on passivation of simulated Pb contaminated soil and the stability of the product]. Gao, TT; Hu, HQ; Su, XJ; Wan, TY; Zuo, JC, 2014)	0.4
" Treatment of SSA is recommended to enhance P bioavailability and remove heavy metals before it is applied as fertilizer."	( Recovery potential of German sewage sludge ash. Adam, C; Krüger, O, 2015)	0.42
"Phosphorus (P) bioavailability depends on its concentration and speciation in solution."	( Natural colloidal P and its contribution to plant P uptake. Degryse, F; McLaughlin, MJ; Montalvo, D, 2015)	0.42
" In conclusion, the rice straw biochar had greater potential as an amendment for reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil than that of the bamboo biochar."	( Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. Che, L; Guo, X; He, L; Huang, H; Lin, X; Liu, J; Lu, K; McGrouther, K; Wang, H; Yang, X; Ye, Z, 2016)	0.43
" The highest immobilization efficacy was observed with biochar produced at 300 °C, showing the maximum decreases of bioavailability by 94 and 70% for Pb and Cu, respectively, which were attributed to the abundance of functional groups in the biochar."	( The role of biochar, natural iron oxides, and nanomaterials as soil amendments for immobilizing metals in shooting range soil. Ahmad, M; Chang, JY; Kim, KR; Lee, SS; Ok, YS; Rajapaksha, AU; Vithanage, M, 2015)	0.42
" The bioavailability of PP was only 12."	( [Annual variation of different phosphorus forms and response of algae growth in Meiliang bay of Taihu Lake]. Huang, Y; Li, DP; Li, X; Wang, M; Wu, XF, 2015)	0.42
"The bioavailability of sedimentary P was investigated under repeated sediment resuspension with and without the addition of algae."	( Bioavailability of sedimentary phosphorus under repeated sediment resuspension with the addition of algae. Da-Peng, L; Ming, W; Ren, W; Xiao-Fei, W, 2015)	0.42
"Ca, Mg, Zn and P bioavailability from two experimental ultrafiltered fermented goats' milks (one of them with the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and another one without it), and fermented goats' milk samples available in the market were evaluated."	( Does Lactobacillus plantarum or ultrafiltration process improve Ca, Mg, Zn and P bioavailability from fermented goats' milk? Artacho, R; Bergillos-Meca, T; Cabrera-Vique, C; Giménez, R; Moreno-Montoro, M; Navarro-Alarcón, M; Olalla, M; Ruiz-López, MD; Seiquer, I, 2015)	0.42
" Transformation from non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) to apatite phosphorus (AP), which has a higher bioavailability and more extensive industrial applications, was studied at 750-950°C by sewage sludge incineration and model compound incineration with a calcium oxide (CaO) additive."	( Transformation of apatite phosphorus and non-apatite inorganic phosphorus during incineration of sewage sludge. Li, R; Li, Y; Teng, W; Wang, W; Yang, T; Zhang, Z, 2015)	0.42
" Nitrate addition could improve the bioavailability of phosphorus, accelerate the phosphorus cycling process and promote the growth of APA."	( [Effects of Nutrient Inputs on Changes of Phosphorus Forms and Phytoplankton Growth in Taihu Lake]. Ren, LX; Wang, C; Wang, PF; Wang, RZ; Wang, YX, 2015)	0.42
" The Gamma model showed the mineralization of organic P followed a reactive continuum and further suggested the partitioning of P loads with different bioavailability levels should be accounted for the future modeling practices."	( Characterization of the dissolved phosphorus uptake kinetics for the effluents from advanced nutrient removal processes. Brett, MT; Li, B, 2015)	0.42
" The co-composted biowastes also contribute to long-term soil C sequestration and reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals."	( Co-composting solid biowastes with alkaline materials to enhance carbon stabilization and revegetation potential. Bolan, NS; Chowdhury, S; Kim, GH; Kunhikrishnan, A; Rumpel, C; Seshadri, B; Sparks, D; Wijesekara, H; Xu, Y; Yang, J, 2016)	0.43
" Inoculation with Pseudomonas improved the bioavailability of CaIHP to tobacco plants, but there was no difference in plant growth response due to Gcd function."	( The role of gluconate production by Pseudomonas spp. in the mineralization and bioavailability of calcium-phytate to Nicotiana tabacum. Giles, CD; Hill, JE; Hsu, PC; Hurst, MR; Richardson, AE, 2015)	0.42
" Sequential extractions were applied to determine the forms of P in different particle-size fractions and to assess the potential bioavailability of particulate phosphorus (PP)."	( Particle-size distribution and phosphorus forms as a function of hydrological forcing in the Yellow River. Chen, HT; Du, JT; Yao, QZ; Yu, ZG, 2016)	0.43
"Sequential fractionation has helped improving our understanding of the lability and bioavailability of P in soil."	( Phosphorus Concentrations in Sequentially Fractionated Soil Samples as Affected by Digestion Methods. do Nascimento, CA; He, Z; Pagliari, PH; Schmitt, D; Waldrip, H, 2015)	0.42
" Analysis of the relationships between the P composition and the trophic status of the lakes indicated that the bioavailability of P forms has an influence on the surface water trophic conditions and the health of aquatic ecosystems."	( Phosphorus speciation of sediments from lakes of different tropic status in Eastern China. Ding, Y; Jin, X; Li, J; Rong, N; Shan, B; Zhang, W; Zhu, X, 2016)	0.43
" We also manipulated rates of CaCO3 deposition in microbialites to determine whether lithification reduces the bioavailability of phosphorus (P)."	( Interaction between lithification and resource availability in the microbialites of Río Mesquites, Cuatro Ciénegas, México. Corman, JR; Elser, JJ; Poret-Peterson, AT; Uchitel, A, 2016)	0.43
"Enzymatic dephosphorylation of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate) in cereals may improve mineral bioavailability in humans."	( Phytase-mediated mineral solubilization from cereals under in vitro gastric conditions. Meyer, AS; Nielsen, AV, 2016)	0.43
" The data infer that acid-stable microbial phytases can help improve iron bioavailability from phytate-rich cereal substrates via post-ingestion activity."	( Phytase-mediated mineral solubilization from cereals under in vitro gastric conditions. Meyer, AS; Nielsen, AV, 2016)	0.43
"Direct interspecific facilitation in intercropping involves below-ground processes in which cereals increase Fe and Zn bioavailability while companion legumes benefit."	( Crop acquisition of phosphorus, iron and zinc from soil in cereal/legume intercropping systems: a critical review. Christie, P; Li, L; Tang, C; Xia, H; Xue, Y; Zhang, Z, 2016)	0.43
" This study explored the feasibility of comprehensive utilization of C, N and P resources in swine manure (SM) through short-term dry anaerobic digestion (AD) followed by dry ammonia stripping, aiming at achieving (1) effective total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and separation; (2) ammonia recovery from the digestate; and (3) preservation of high P bioavailability in the solid residue for further applications."	( Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from swine manure through short-term dry anaerobic digestion and its separation from nitrogen and phosphorus resources in the digestate. Cai, W; Feng, C; Huang, W; Lei, Z; Yuan, T; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Z, 2016)	0.43
" These microorganisms increase the nutrient bioavailability through nitrogen fixation and mobilization of key nutrients (phosphorus, potassium and iron) to the crop plants while remediate soil structure by improving its aggregation and stability."	( Bacteria and fungi can contribute to nutrients bioavailability and aggregate formation in degraded soils. Almeelbi, T; Ismail, IM; Mujawar, LH; Oves, M; Rashid, MI; Shahzad, T, 2016)	0.43
"Hazards of soil-borne lead (Pb) to wild birds may be more accurately quantified if the bioavailability of that Pb is known."	( Bioaccessibility tests accurately estimate bioavailability of lead to quail. Basta, NT; Beyer, WN; Chaney, RL; Henry, PF; Mosby, DE; Rattner, BA; Scheckel, KG; Sprague, DT; Weber, JS, 2016)	0.43
" AVS levels exceeding those of the sums of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn (ΣSEM) by at least one order of magnitude and TOC-normalized differences between ΣSEM and AVS ((ΣSEM-AVS)/fOC) near to or below than -200μmolgOC(-1) indicated that there were sufficient AVS and TOC levels to control trace metal bioavailability in sediment pore water."	( Trace metal bioavailability in sediments from a reference site, Ribeira Bay, Brazil. Chiappetta, JM; Lessa, JA; Machado, W; Santos, JM, 2016)	0.43
" On the basis of this work, it can be conclueded that microorganisms can improve the transformation from OP to IP elevating the bioavailability and contribution of OP in the eutrophication process of Iakes."	( [Impacts of Microorganisms on Degradation and Release Characteristics of Organic Phosphorus in Lake Sediments During Freezing Season]. He, J; Lü, CW; Wang, WY; Yan, DH; Zuo, L, 2015)	0.42
" Certainly microorganisms have proven their ability to increase the phosphorus bioavailability by mineralization of organic-P and solubilization of inorganic-P."	( Novel oligonucleotide primers reveal a high diversity of microbes which drive phosphorous turnover in soil. Bergkemper, F; Krüger, J; Kublik, S; Lang, F; Schloter, M; Schulz, S; Vestergaard, G, 2016)	0.43
" Such colloids may increase the mobility or decrease the bioavailability of P, and they therefore need to be considered when addressing the transport and environmental effects of P in catchments."	( Iron-rich colloids as carriers of phosphorus in streams: A field-flow fractionation study. Baken, S; Comans, RNJ; Koopmans, GF; Regelink, IC; Smolders, E, 2016)	0.43
"The effect of sewage sludge on the mobility and the bioavailability of trace metals in plant-soil systems have aroused wide interested and been widely explored."	( The effect of municipal sludge compost on the mobility and bioavailability of Cd in a sierozem-wheat system in an arid region northwest of China. Bai, Y; Huang, Y; Liu, Z; Ma, J; Nan, Z; Wang, H; Yang, Y; Zhao, C, 2016)	0.43
"Periphyton is ubiquitous in paddy field, but its importance in influencing the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in paddy soil has been rarely recognized."	( Periphyton: an important regulator in optimizing soil phosphorus bioavailability in paddy fields. Kerr, P; Liu, J; Lu, H; Wu, C; Wu, Y, 2016)	0.43
" Soil salinization aggravates soil nutrient loss and decreases the bioavailability of soil nutrients."	( Machine learning for the prediction of L. chinensis carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and understanding of mechanisms underlying grassland degradation. Li, W; Li, Y; Liang, S; Wang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2017)	0.46
" These observations strongly implicate that bioavailability of formula phosphorus may be impaired in certain clinical settings."	( Unexpected widespread hypophosphatemia and bone disease associated with elemental formula use in infants and children. Agrawal, S; Backeljauw, P; Calabria, A; Carpenter, TO; Casey, L; Cody, D; DiMeglio, LA; Faircloth, R; Gagne, J; Gonzalez Ballesteros, LF; Gordon, RJ; Imel, EA; Ma, NS; Simmons, K; Stein, R; Tebben, P; Topor, LS; Ward, L; Wasserman, H; Weber, DR; Zimakas, P, 2017)	0.46
"To supplement human dietary nutrition, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on grain and flour protein contents and especially on the bioavailability of zinc (Zn)."	( Overuse of Phosphorus Fertilizer Reduces the Grain and Flour Protein Contents and Zinc Bioavailability of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Chen, X; Liu, D; Liu, Y; Zhang, W; Zou, C, 2017)	0.46
" In the present study, two common methods (low-temperature conversion at 400-500°C and thermochemical treatment at 950°C) were investigated and combined to produce highly bioavailable P-fertilizers from two different types of sewage sludge based on chemical phosphorus precipitation (Chem-P) and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (Bio-P)."	( Effect of various types of thermochemical processing of sewage sludges on phosphorus speciation, solubility, and fertilization performance. Adam, C; Steckenmesser, D; Steffens, D; Vogel, C, 2017)	0.46
"Phosphorus is a poorly bioavailable macronutrient that is essential for crop growth and yield."	( Regulation of phosphorus uptake and utilization: transitioning from current knowledge to practical strategies. Hasan, MM; Li, X; Teixeira da Silva, JA, 2016)	0.43
"Bioaugmentation of Zn solubilizing rhizobacteria could be a sustainable intervention to increase bioavailability of Zn in soil which can be helpful in mitigation of yield loss and malnutrition of zinc."	( Zinc solubilizing Bacillus spp. potential candidates for biofortification in maize. Ahmad, M; Hussain, T; Jamil, M; Mumtaz, MZ, 2017)	0.46
" The results indicate that the DOP represents a significant source of the bioavailable P in the lake water and its different sources of Erhai Lake, and the bioavailability of the P pool may be underestimated by up to 55% if DOP is ignored and only the soluble-reactive phosphorus (SRP) is considered."	( Characteristics and effects of dissolved organic phosphorus from different sources on the water quality of Erhai Lake in Southwest China. Ji, N; Ni, Z; Wang, S; Zhang, L, 2017)	0.46
" This study investigated the bioavailability of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and its underlying molecular mechanism in the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi."	( Molecular mechanism of glucose-6-phosphate utilization in the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. Huang, L; Lin, S; Luo, H; Zhang, C, 2017)	0.46
" Dependence on inorganic phosphate fertilisers derived from limited geological sources of P creates an urgent need to recover P from wastes and treated waters, in safe forms that are also effective agriculturally - the established process of P removal by chemical precipitation using Fe or Al salts, is effective for P removal but leads to residues with limited bioavailability and contamination concerns."	( Trends in the recovery of phosphorus in bioavailable forms from wastewater. Busquets, R; Cundy, AB; Hooda, PS; Melia, PM; Sohi, SP, 2017)	0.46
" In addition, a series of pot soil culture experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of stabilizers incorporation into SSB on heavy metal bioavailability and the uptake by plants (corn as an indicator) and plant biomass yield, with SS and SSB (no stabilizers) as controls."	( Inhibition of the bioavailability of heavy metals in sewage sludge biochar by adding two stabilizers. Chen, X; He, Z; Huang, Z; Lu, Q; Mao, X; Wang, J, 2017)	0.46
" 2) and on relative phosphorus (P) bioavailability (Expt."	( Investigations of the nutritive value of meals of double-low rapeseed and its influence on growth performance of broiler chickens. Carre, P; Houdijk, JGM; Kasprzak, MM; Kightley, S; Olukosi, OA; Wiseman, J, 2017)	0.46
" Changes in P speciation and overall properties of the products can alter the mobility and bioavailability of P, and subsequent P reclamation and recycling efficiency of the treatment products."	( Transformation of Phosphorus during (Hydro)thermal Treatments of Solid Biowastes: Reaction Mechanisms and Implications for P Reclamation and Recycling. Fang, C; Huang, R; Jiang, R; Lu, X; Tang, Y, 2017)	0.46
" The extracellular organic matter (EOM) in microalgal broth was then characterized to enlighten the role of GAC in reducing the bioavailability of EOM."	( Role of granular activated carbon in the microalgal cultivation from bacteria contamination. Cheng, LH; Li, JY; Ni, ZY; Xiong, ZZ; Xu, XH, 2018)	0.48
"Phosphorus (P) bioavailability often limits gasoline biodegradation in calcareous cold-region soils."	( Citrate Addition Increased Phosphorus Bioavailability and Enhanced Gasoline Bioremediation. Bradshaw, K; Carlson, T; Chartbrand, B; Chen, T; Grosskleg, J; Hamilton, J; Peak, D; Philips, C; Siciliano, SD; Timlick, K, 2017)	0.46
" We propose that auxiliary, non-enzymatic Fe reduction can be of critical importance for conferring fitness to plants thriving in alkaline soils with low bioavailability of Fe and/or phosphorus."	( The multiple facets of root iron reduction. Grillet, L; Schmidt, W, 2017)	0.46
"Raloxifene HCl (RH) has poor water solubility and due to its extensive first pass metabolism; its bioavailability is only 2%."	( Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) for enhancement of solubility, oral bioavailability and anti-osteoporotic effects of raloxifene hydrochloride. Dayyani, L; Minaiyan, M; Varshosaz, J, 2018)	0.48
" However, data relating to desorption, environmental fate and bioavailability of phospho-silicate complexes (especially those containing rare earth elements) appear to be underrepresented in product testing and trial publications."	( Commercial silicate phosphate sequestration and desorption leads to a gradual decline of aquatic systems. Svatos, KBW, 2018)	0.48
" Little is known about the prevalence of these authigenic nanoparticles in streams, their impact on biogeochemical fluxes, or the bioavailability of P associated with them."	( Stream transport of iron and phosphorus by authigenic nanoparticles in the Southern Piedmont of the U.S. Richardson, CJ; River, M, 2018)	0.48
" In conclusion, purified REP with efficient bioavailability may be safe and useful for dietary supplementation in MHD patients."	( A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Pilot Trial of Rice Endosperm Protein Supplementation in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Fujii, M; Hosojima, M; Kabasawa, H; Kadowaki, M; Kaseda, R; Kondo, H; Kuwahara, S; Miyazaki, S; Obi, Y; Saito, A; Shimada, H; Suzuki, Y; Watanabe, R, 2017)	0.46
" In this study, the cellular bioavailability of arsenite (incubation of 25 and 50 μM for 0-48 h) has been successfully assessed by SC-ICP-MS/MS for the first time directly after re-suspending the cells in water."	( Single-cell analysis by ICP-MS/MS as a fast tool for cellular bioavailability studies of arsenite. Jakubowski, N; López-Serrano, A; Meyer, S; Mitze, H; Schwerdtle, T, 2018)	0.48
" The reasons why nasal salmon calcitonin did not recapitulate the findings with subcutaneously administered drug may relate to the kinetics of drug delivery, the bioavailability of drug or peak drug dose achieved."	( Three-Month Randomized Clinical Trial of Nasal Calcitonin in Adults with X-linked Hypophosphatemia. Abraham, A; Carpenter, T; Chen, C; Deng, Y; Insogna, KL; Olear, E; Simpson, C; Sullivan, R, 2018)	0.48
"The purpose of this study was to quantify phosphorus bioavailability and various forms of this element in surface sediments of the southern Caspian Sea."	( Bioavailability and geochemical speciation of phosphorus in surface sediments of the Southern Caspian Sea. Baniamam, M; Bastami, KD; Esmaeilzadeh, M; Mozaffari, S; Neyestani, MR; Raeisi, H; Shafeian, E; Shahrokhi, B; Shirzadi, A, 2018)	0.48
" Its effectiveness as a source of P was investigated using water release studies and bioavailability studies using Zea mays as the model crop."	( Effect of Citric Acid Surface Modification on Solubility of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles. De Silva, M; Karunaratne, V; Kottegoda, N; Priyadarshana, G; Samavini, R; Sandaruwan, C, 2018)	0.48
" Microbes are accepted as the primary mineralizers and solubilizers of P improving bioavailability for organisms at all trophic levels."	( A Metagenome-Based Investigation of Gene Relationships for Non-Substrate-Associated Microbial Phosphorus Cycling in the Water Column of Streams and Rivers. Back, JA; Kang, S; King, RS; LeBrun, ES, 2018)	0.48
" Future trends in this area should focus on: (1) nutrient amounts, ratios, and major nitrogen sources leading to eutrophication; (2) nitrogen transformation and the bioavailability of different nitrogen forms; (3) nitrogen budget, mass balance model, control, and management; (4) ecosystem responses to nitrogen enrichment and reduction, as well as the relationships between these responses; and (5) interactions between nitrogen and other stressors (e."	( A bibliometric review of nitrogen research in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs. Yao, X; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2018)	0.48
" Although diffusion and sorption to Al may decrease P bioavailability, Ca-associated P may increase P bioavailability from Al-WTR that is reused as a soil amendment."	( Phosphorus Sorption to Aluminum-based Water Treatment Residuals Reacted with Dairy Wastewater: 2. X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Ippolito, JA; Litaor, MI; Massey, MS; Zohar, I, 2018)	0.48
" Surface and subsurface sediments were lab-generated to cover a wide spectrum of particulate nutrient bioavailability from key soil types, land uses and erosion processes (hillslope and gully) in a wet and a dry tropics catchment of the GBR."	( Indicators of phytoplankton response to particulate nutrient bioavailability in fresh and marine waters of the Great Barrier Reef. Burford, MA; Burton, J; De Hayr, RW; Franklin, HM; Garzon-Garcia, A; Moody, PW, 2018)	0.48
" The bioavailability and mobility of phosphorus from pig manure was significantly higher than that of chicken manure, sludge, and phosphate fertilizer."	( [Distribution of Phosphorus in Soil Profiles after Continuous Application of Different Fertilizers]. Ru, SH; Su, DC; Xu, H; Zhang, T, 2017)	0.46
" Complex organic calcium could be well absorbed and utilized by rats so that serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase levels, femur weight and other indicators in calcium-deficient rats could be returned to normal levels."	( Preparation of a fermentation solution of grass fish bones and its calcium bioavailability in rats. Chen, M; Chen, S; Dong, S; Gao, R; Liu, Z; Sun, B; Tang, S; Zhao, Y, 2018)	0.48
" New chemical equilibrium association/dissociation and precipitation/dissolution reactions have been implemented to determine TE bioavailability and their effect on anaerobic digestion."	( ADM1 based mathematical model of trace element precipitation/dissolution in anaerobic digestion processes. Esposito, G; Frunzo, L; Maharaj, BC; Mattei, MR; van Hullebusch, ED, 2018)	0.48
"An experiment was conducted to determine the relative bioavailability (RBV) of P in high-protein sunflower meal (HP-SFM) fed to broiler chickens based on bone traits and to determine the effects of dietary phytase supplementation and increasing levels of HP-SFM as a P source on bone traits, growth performance, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM and nutrients."	( Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in high-protein sunflower meal for broiler chickens and effects of dietary phytase supplementation on bone traits, growth performance, and apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients. Kim, JW; Leterme, P; Nyachoti, CM; Sanjayan, N, 2019)	0.51
"A staged impoundment scheme was adopted for the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) to increase its maximal water level from 135 to 175 m between 2003 and 2010; however, the variation in phosphorus distribution and its bioavailability in the water column and surface sediment, during this period is still uncertain."	( Phosphorus distribution and bioavailability dynamics in the mainstream water and surface sediment of the Three Gorges Reservoir between 2003 and 2010. Li, R; Tang, X; Wu, M, 2018)	0.48
" Animals add resources to ecosystems primarily through egestion, excretion, and carcasses, and the stoichiometry and bioavailability of these inputs likely interact with characteristics of the recipient ecosystem to determine their effects on ecosystem function."	( Organic matter and nutrient inputs from large wildlife influence ecosystem function in the Mara River, Africa. Dutton, CL; Njoroge, L; Post, DM; Rosi, EJ; Subalusky, AL, 2018)	0.48
" The relative abundances of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms increased after exposure to SWCNTs, which was beneficial for phosphorus bioavailability in the soil."	( Ecological Effects of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Soil Microbial Communities and Soil Fertility. Du, B; Ke, M; Li, X; Lu, T; Pan, X; Qian, H; Qu, Q; Sun, L, 2018)	0.48
"The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize and use phosphate solubilizing bacteria to enhance the bioavailability of insoluble Ca-phosphate for wheat plants."	( Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with glucose dehydrogenase gene for phosphorus uptake and beneficial effects on wheat. Atta, BM; Mirza, MS; Rasul, M; Suleman, M; Yahya, M; Yasmin, S, 2018)	0.48
"It is well known that alkaline amendments could effectively decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils."	( Availability and vertical distribution of Cu, Cd, Ca, and P in soil as influenced by lime and apatite with different dosages: a 7-year field study. Cui, H; Xu, L; Zhang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.48
" However, high levels of toxic compounds and low phosphorus bioavailability in sewage sludge are the main factors limiting its direct agricultural use."	( Improved utilization of phosphorous from sewage sludge (as Fertilizer) after treatment by Low-Temperature combustion. Gao, H; Huang, Q; Meng, X; Tay, K; Yan, J, 2018)	0.48
"Understanding the sources of different phosphorus (P) pools and their bioavailability under imposed biogeochemical environments in a watershed is limited largely due to the lack of appropriate methods."	( Stable Isotopes and Bayesian Modeling Methods of Tracking Sources and Differentiating Bioavailable and Recalcitrant Phosphorus Pools in Suspended Particulate Matter. Jaisi, DP; Liang, X; Massoudieh, A; Mingus, KA, 2019)	0.51
" The results of this study indicated that excreta P retention values often varied greatly among different levels of ingredient and non-phytate phosphorus intake and suggest that the precision-fed assay may be useful for determining bioavailability of P only if non-phytate P intakes are low."	( Phosphorus retention in corn, spray dried plasma protein, soybean meal, meat and bone meal, and canola meal using a precision-fed rooster assay. Hanna, CD; Munoz, JA; Parsons, CM; Utterback, PL, 2018)	0.48
" These findings highlight the heterogeneity of recovered P materials and underscore the importance of P speciation to understand P release behavior and bioavailability from recovered phosphates."	( X-Ray Spectroscopic Quantification of Struvite and Dittmarite Recovered from Wastewater. Massey, MS, 2019)	0.51
" In rice fields, phosphorus bioavailability and utilization rate were high."	( Change in the Distribution of Phosphorus Fractions in Aggregates under Different Land Uses: A Case in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Cui, H; Han, L; Li, Y; Ou, Y; Wang, L; Yan, B, 2019)	0.51
" Due to their interactions with phosphorus, iron (hydr) oxides in suspended particles, originally derived from watershed soil, can strongly influence the phosphorus sedimentation and phosphorus bioavailability in water columns."	( Total phosphorus-precipitation and Chlorophyll a-phosphorus relationships of lakes and reservoirs mediated by soil iron at regional scale. Han, BP; Lin, Q; Peng, L; Qian, SS; Tang, Q; Yang, Y, 2019)	0.51
" However, all samples, except full replacement by rice flour, might not provide adequate zinc bioavailability when the effect of calcium and phytate on zinc absorption was collectively considered."	( Promoting the use of locally produced crops in making cereal-legume-based composite flours: An assessment of nutrient, antinutrient, mineral molar ratios, and aflatoxin content. Ilukor, J; Nimbona, P; Njukwe, E; Sridonpai, P; Tirawattanawanich, C; Udomkun, P; Vanlauwe, B, 2019)	0.51
" Foliar Zn spray is found to escape most of the soil reactions; thus, Zn bioavailability is higher either through increase in grain Zn or through decrease in phytate content."	( Zinc biofortification of cereals-role of phosphorus and other impediments in alkaline calcareous soils. Akhtar, M; Hussain, S; Sarwar, N; Yousaf, S, 2019)	0.51
"3 mmol/g) in the HTC process resulted in a high percentage (>80%) of phosphorus transferred to the aqueous phase, and the bioavailability of the residual phosphorus increased significantly."	( Hydrothermal conversion of dewatered sewage sludge: Focusing on the transformation mechanism and recovery of phosphorus. Chen, H; Luo, G; Rao, Y; Shi, Y; Zhang, S, 2019)	0.51
" Since the bioavailability of dietary phosphorus depends on the food sources, habitual phosphorus intakes from different food groups and intake frequency (times/month) of processed foods were calculated."	( Habitual confectionery intake is associated with serum phosphorus levels : A cross-sectional study on healthy subjects. Arai, H; Kumagai, H; Narishima, Y; Saito, Y; Sakuma, M; Yoshida, T, 2019)	0.51
"Fly ash (FA) and zeolite (Z) are known to reduce bioavailability of metals in soils via immobilization; however, these amendments may not only immobilize metals such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), but also reduce nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability in the soils via sorption (for N by Z) and precipitation (for P by FA)."	( Fly ash and zeolite decrease metal uptake but do not improve rice growth in paddy soils contaminated with Cu and Zn. Choi, WJ; Kwak, JH; Lee, DS; Lim, SS; Park, HJ; Park, SI; Yang, HI, 2019)	0.51
"In agricultural soil, the bioavailability of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) is often below the plant's requirement causing nutritional deficiency in crops."	( Physiological and transcriptomic data highlight common features between iron and phosphorus acquisition mechanisms in white lupin roots. Franco, A; Marroni, F; Morgante, M; Pinton, R; Tomasi, N; Venuti, S; Zanin, L, 2019)	0.51
"Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient with low bioavailability in soils for plant growth."	( In Vivo Modulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Soil Quality by Fungal P Solubilizers. Della Mónica, IF; Godeas, AM; Scervino, JM, 2020)	0.56
" In this study, we combined sequential P extraction (four fractions) with enzyme hydrolysis to assess distribution characteristics of P forms and potential bioavailability of organic P in an anoxic sediment profile from the Ponte Tresa basin of Lake Lugano, southern Switzerland."	( Phosphorus fractions in sediments and their relevance for historical lake eutrophication in the Ponte Tresa basin (Lake Lugano, Switzerland) since 1959. Grosjean, M; Jarosch, KA; Schneider, T; Tu, L, 2019)	0.51
" However, the degree of organic matter degradation (organic matter content and Humic acid/Fulvic acid) better explained the change of bioavailability factor for Cu and the mobility of P during composting."	( Organic matter, a critical factor to immobilize phosphorus, copper, and zinc during composting under various initial C/N ratios. Cui, H; Cui, Y; Li, Y; Ou, Y; Prasher, SO; Wang, L; Yan, B, 2019)	0.51
" This study demonstrates that not only water-soluble and exchangeable arsenic but also humic-bound fraction should be considered when assessing As bioavailability and toxicity."	( The distribution of arsenic fractions and alkaline phosphatase activities in different soil aggregates following four months As(V) ageing. He, W; Li, H; Lu, G; Mallavarapu, M; Tian, H; Wang, Z, 2019)	0.51
" Routine laboratory measures of P bioavailability are based on chemical extractions performed on dried samples under oxidizing conditions."	( Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment. Ross, DS; Sherman, J; Young, EO, 2019)	0.51
" We selected a site contaminated with multiple TMs and phytomanaged by poplar (Populus hopeiensis Hu & Chow) to study the impact mechanism of plant-soil interactions on TM bioavailability along a long-term chronosequence (i."	( Impact of poplar-based phytomanagement on metal bioavailability in low-phosphorus calcareous soil with multi-metal contamination. Chen, S; Gao, Z; Hu, Y; Huang, Y; Nan, Z; Su, J; Yang, X; Zhao, C, 2019)	0.51
" Results of chemical speciation showed that the co-application of EDTA and fluorescent pseudomonads strains increased the bioavailability of Zn, Pb, and Cd by their redistribution from less soluble fractions to water-soluble forms."	( Effects of plant growth-promoting bacteria on EDTA-assisted phytostabilization of heavy metals in a contaminated calcareous soil. Abbaszadeh Dahaji, P; Hamidpour, M; Nemati, H; Roosta, HR, 2020)	0.56
"030) may be related to differentiated bioavailability of P fractions in catchments with different characteristics (e."	( Modeling the Ecological Impact of Phosphorus in Catchments with Multiple Environmental Stressors. Cameron, G; Glendell, M; Marrero, S; McCreadie, B; Palarea-Albaladejo, J; Pohle, I; Stutter, M, 2019)	0.51
" Dairy manure (DM) amendment to agricultural soils can improve physiochemical properties, nutrient cycling through enhanced enzyme and soil microbial activities leading to improved P bioavailability to crops."	( The effects of organic and inorganic phosphorus amendments on the biochemical attributes and active microbial population of agriculture podzols following silage corn cultivation in boreal climate. Ali, W; Ashiq, W; Cheema, M; Gilani, SSM; Kavanagh, V; Nadeem, M; Pham, TH; Rajabi-Khamseh, S; Thomas, R; Zaeem, M, 2019)	0.51
" the bioavailability of the vitamin-D) should be included."	( Bone health among indoor female athletes and associated factors; a cross-sectional study. Cuk, I; Jakse, B; Sajber, D; Sekulic, D, )	0.13
" Identifying the P pollution characteristics and its fractional composition in sediments is therefore necessary to determine the potential bioavailability and dominant sources of P for effective water pollution control."	( Vertical profiles of phosphorus fractions in the sediment in a chain of reservoirs in North China: Implications for pollution source, bioavailability, and eutrophication. Jiang, X; Wang, H; Wen, S; Wu, T; Yang, J; Zhong, J, 2020)	0.56
" However, few studies focus on the cumulative effect of the presence of dam on sediment P mobility and bioavailability in downstream reservoirs and rivers parts or throughout the continuum."	( Sedimentary phosphorus accumulation and distribution in the continuum of three cascade dams (Creuse River, France). Deluchat, V; Grybos, M; Mourier, B; Rabiet, M; Rapin, A, 2020)	0.56
" The results will be helpful in better understanding the mobility and bioavailability of P in the aquatic ecosystem, which aim to achieve a more highly targeted environmental management for this important region."	( Evaluating the effect of dam construction on the phosphorus fractions in sediments in a reservoir of drinking water source, China. Lei, P; Lei, Q; Li, X; Lindsey, S; Liu, H; Qin, L; Zhang, H, 2020)	0.56
"The Olsen phosphorus (Olsen-P) concentration of soil is generally a good indicator for estimating the bioavailability of P and environmental risk in soils."	( The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization. Huang, S; Peng, C; Wang, B; Wang, Q; Wu, Q; Zhang, H; Zhang, S; Zhang, W; Zhu, P, 2020)	0.56
" The original bioavailability and biosafety of L-PBS was very low."	( Bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in biogas slurry enhanced by catalytic ozonation combined with membrane separation. Gu, L; Kou, H; Sun, Y; Tang, X, 2020)	0.56
" However, understanding phosphorus bioavailability and source contributions in contaminated lake sediments which could help develop effective eutrophication management plans is limited largely due to the lack of appropriate methods in large catchments with a complex arrangement of sources."	( Source identification of phosphorus in the river-lake interconnected system using microbial community fingerprints. Gu, J; Li, Y; Niu, L; Wang, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, W, 2020)	0.56
" In this study, the influence of periphyton proliferation on the soil surface and its consequential decomposition on P migration and bioavailability were investigated in two paddy soils using two microcosm experiments."	( Periphyton has the potential to increase phosphorus use efficiency in paddy fields. Cai, SJ; Deng, KY; Li, JY; Lu, HL; Xu, RK, 2020)	0.56
" However, little is known about how drought can affect the soil phosphorus (P) cycle and its bioavailability in forest ecosystems."	( Drought promotes soil phosphorus transformation and reduces phosphorus bioavailability in a temperate forest. Fu, S; Liu, S; Lu, H; Shao, Y; Shi, L; Zhang, H, 2020)	0.56
" We suggest that the LP line benefits from higher bioavailability of P and macro-minerals unlike the NP line."	( Physiological Characteristics, Phytase Activity, and Mineral Bioavailability of a Low-Phytate Soybean Line during Germination. Dong, Q; Saneoka, H, 2020)	0.56
" The proposed eutrophication mitigation approach underlines the need for a reconsideration of current legal regulations which ignore nutrient bioavailability and key eutrophication limiting factors."	( Mitigation of eutrophication caused by wastewater discharge: A simulation-based approach. Kowalewski, Z; Neverova-Dziopak, E; Preisner, M, 2021)	0.62
"Bacteria with phosphorus (P) solubilization potential are considered vital in promoting bioavailability of phosphorus in soil."	( Variation in the Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Virgin and the Agricultural Soils of Punjab. Kaur, R; Kaur, S, 2020)	0.56
" To explore the effect of UV irradiation on organic P (OP) bioavailability in the water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) soil, we collected representative soil samples from WLFZ of the Pengxi River, a tributary of the TGR, China."	( Bioavailability of organic phosphorus in the water level fluctuation zone soil and the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on it in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Chen, ZM; Fang, F; Gao, JM; Guo, JS; Huang, JJ; Wang, C, 2020)	0.56
" Results suggest strong correlations between Fe and P species as well as Fe and S species, affecting the solubility and bioavailability of each other."	( Coevolution of Iron, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Speciation during Anaerobic Digestion with Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Sewage Sludge. Jung, H; Liu, P; Patel, D; Pavlostathis, SG; Tang, Y; Wan, B; Wang, Q; Zhang, C, 2020)	0.56
"Iron (Fe) oxides are intimately coupled with phosphorus and closely associated with the bioavailability of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in soil."	( Effects of hematite on the stabilization of copper, cadmium and phosphorus in a contaminated red soil amended with hydroxyapatite. Cui, H; Meng, L; Shen, L; Wang, Q; Yang, X; Yi, Q; Zhang, S; Zheng, X; Zhou, J, 2020)	0.56
" aeruginosa can utilize both β-GP and LEC to sustain its growth, and the bioavailability of LEC was greater than β-GP."	( Response of extracellular and intracellular alkaline phosphatase in Microcystis aeruginosa to organic phosphorus. Hong, S; Lu, X; Qin, M; Wei, C; Yu, R; Zhang, T, 2020)	0.56
"Soil organic matter (SOM) is known to exert a major control on the mobility and bioavailability of cationic nutrients."	( Phosphorus binding to soil organic matter via ternary complexes with calcium. Audette, Y; Chen, W; Parsons, CT; Rezanezhad, F; Smith, DS; Van Cappellen, P, 2020)	0.56
"Due to the increase of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated land area worldwide, effective measures should be taken to minimize the Cd bioavailability in crops."	( The effects of biochar and AM fungi (Funneliformis mosseae) on bioavailability Cd in a highly contaminated acid soil with different soil phosphorus supplies. Huang, C; Qiao, Y; Wang, K; Zhang, H; Zhen, H, 2020)	0.56
" The effective states, bioavailability and relative mobilities of Cu and Pb in soil were also efficiently reduced by MC, which also increased the stability of these elements, thereby lowering the risk to soil health."	( Removal of Cu and Pb from contaminated agricultural soil using mixed chelators of fulvic acid potassium and citric acid. Cheng, S; Lin, Q; Luo, H; Wang, Y; Wen, X; Wu, L; Xiao, R; Zhong, Q, 2020)	0.56
" Treatment effects on substrate P bioavailability (measured by Diffusive Gradients in Thin films - DGT-P), plant and substrate water relations, and foliar phytohormone status, were assessed along with P partitioning in planta."	( Alternate wetting and drying irrigation increases water and phosphorus use efficiency independent of substrate phosphorus status of vegetative rice plants. Acosta-Motos, JR; Albacete, A; Dodd, IC; Massam, MJ; Rothwell, SA; Zhang, H, 2020)	0.56
"This study aims to investigate the relationship between key physicochemical parameters related to composting process and bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting through regulating different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios (15:1, 20:1, 25:1) and bulking agent types (straw, green waste)."	( Potential mechanisms involving the immobilization of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting. Guo, HN; Liu, HT; Wang, LX, 2020)	0.56
"Excess phosphorus (P) accumulation in the soil can change the bioavailability of P and increase the leaching risks, but the quantitative evaluation of these responses in acidic red soil is lacking."	( Soil Phosphorus Pools, Bioavailability and Environmental Risk in Response to the Phosphorus Supply in the Red Soil of Southern China. Chen, X; Wang, M; Wang, W; Wu, L; Yan, X; Yang, W; Ye, D, 2020)	0.56
" Loads, concentrations, stoichiometry (N:P), and bioavailability (percentage dissolved inorganic nutrients) varied by orders of magnitude among tributaries, creating a mosaic of coastal nutrient inputs."	( Outsized nutrient contributions from small tributaries to a Great Lake. Esselman, PC; Kendall, AD; McIntyre, PB; Mooney, RJ; Rosenthal, WC; Stanley, EH, 2020)	0.56
" This study investigated the influence of germination on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of calcium in brown flaxseed (BF) and golden flaxseed (GF)."	( Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of calcium in sprouted brown and golden flaxseed. Agrizzi Verediano, T; Brunoro Costa, NM; Souza Carneiro, JC; Vasconcelos Costa, AG; Vinco Pimenta, A, 2021)	0.62
"The greater bioavailability of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the Anthropocene has strongly impacted terrestrial plant communities."	( Phosphorus fertilization is eradicating the niche of northern Eurasia's threatened plant species. Eppinga, MB; Schrader, J; van Dijk, J; Wassen, MJ, 2021)	0.62
"The precipitation of sparingly soluble calcium phosphate in calcareous soils decreases the bioavailability of macronutrients, which makes their addition by way of fertilisers necessary."	( Bioavailability, mobility and leaching of phosphorus in a Mediterranean agricultural soil (ne Spain) amended with different doses of biosolids. Almendro-Candel, MB; Bech, J; García-Sánchez, E; Jordán, MM; Navarro-Pedreño, J; Pardo, F, 2022)	0.72
" However, little is known about the relationship between P bioavailability and microbial community under capping conditions."	( Phosphorus bioavailability and the diversity of microbial community in sediment in response to modified calcium peroxide ceramsite capping. Huang, Y; Li, D; Zhao, Z; Zhou, J, 2021)	0.62
" Moreover, the investigation provides information about the potential bioavailability of discharged effluents before and after the Directive implementation by including total and inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the analysis."	( Trends, insights and effects of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) implementation in the light of the Polish coastal zone eutrophication. Preisner, M; Smol, M; Szołdrowska, D, 2021)	0.62
" The results showed that even a relatively pristine wetland can become a source of highly bioavailable phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si) during low-flow periods of high ecological sensitivity."	( Biogeochemical and climate drivers of wetland phosphorus and nitrogen release: Implications for nutrient legacies and eutrophication risk. Armstrong, L; Bowes, MJ; Farrand, P; Fisher, N; Jarvie, HP; King, SM; Lord, WD; Macrae, ML; Nicholls, DJE; Pallett, DW; Roberts, C; Rylett, D; Schäfer, SM; Warwick, AC; Williams, RJ, 2020)	0.56
" In the present study we evaluated P solubility and bioavailability using different chemical extractants."	( Assessing the potential of sewage sludge-derived biochar as a novel phosphorus fertilizer: Influence of extractant solutions and pyrolysis temperatures. Araujo, AS; Blum, LEB; Figueiredo, CC; Paz-Ferreiro, J; Reis, ASPJ; Shah, K, 2021)	0.62
" Relative to CT treatment, long-term cover crops enhanced the bioavailability of soil P by increasing the contents of total phosphorus (TP), microbial phosphorus (MBP), organic phosphorus (Po) and certain forms of inorganic phosphorus (e."	( Long-term cover crops improved soil phosphorus availability in a rain-fed apple orchard. Awasthi, MK; Gao, H; Guo, Y; Huang, Q; Li, G; Li, H; Wang, Y; Yang, L; Zhang, R, 2021)	0.62
" This study compared the Hedley fractionation method to the LEAF pH-dependent, parallel batch tests (Method 1313) and dynamic leaching column test (Method 1314) to assess the bioavailability of phosphorus."	( USEPA LEAF methods for characterizing phosphorus and potentially toxic elements in raw and thermally treated sewage sludge. Fournie, T; Gerhard, JI; Switzer, C, 2021)	0.62
" However, dust P usually has low bioavailability and is thought to be utilized solely via roots."	( Direct foliar uptake of phosphorus from desert dust. Erel, R; Gross, A; Shtein, I; Tiwari, S, 2021)	0.62
"Climate change could impact nutrient bioavailability in aquatic environment."	( Nitrogen, phosphorus and high CO Kumari, K; Sahoo, D; Samantaray, S; Tripathy, BC, 2021)	0.62
"Soil bioavailability of phosphorus (P) is a major concern for crop productivity worldwide."	( Population structure and genome-wide association studies in bread wheat for phosphorus efficiency traits using 35 K Wheat Breeder's Affymetrix array. Batra, R; Burridge, AJ; Edwards, KJ; Kalia, S; Pandey, R; Rai, V; Singh, N; Soumya, PR, 2021)	0.62
" The organic P (OP) in raw sludge (68 wt%) was transformed to inorganic P (IP) during co-pyrolysis, indicating that the addition of rice husk could improve biochar-P bioavailability by promoting the transformation of IP."	( Influence of rice husk addition on phosphorus fractions and heavy metals risk of biochar derived from sewage sludge. Hou, H; Liu, S; Lv, H; Wu, X; Xiong, Q, 2021)	0.62
" In this study, taking the Futunxi Basin of Fujian Province as an example, the single factor index and bioavailability coefficient method were used to evaluate the ecological risk of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments, and reveal the spatial change and environmental significance of the nitrogen and phosphorus forms."	( Morphological characteristics and ecological risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of Futunxi watershed in Fujian province. Huang, C; Huang, T; Wang, H; Yang, H; Ye, H; Yuan, X, 2021)	0.62
" The bioavailability factor of HMs decreased by 48."	( Additive grain-size: An innovative perspective to investigate the transformation among heavy metal and phosphorus fractions during aerobic composting. Bao, M; Cui, H; Li, Y; Ou, Y; Wang, L; Yan, B, 2021)	0.62
" However, the speciation and bioavailability of Mn in wheat grains and their response to different phosphorus (P) fertilization rates are still unclear."	( High phosphorus fertilization changes the speciation and distribution of manganese in wheat grains grown in a calcareous soil. Guo, Z; Hui, X; Kopittke, PM; Shi, M; Wang, H; Wang, R; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Z, 2021)	0.62
" To validate bioaccessibility findings, we devised a low phosphorus murine model to test phosphorus bioavailability under compromised digestive conditions using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to neutralize stomach pH."	( Phosphorus bioaccessibility measured in four amino acid-based formulas using in-vitro batch digestion translates well into phosphorus bioavailability in mice. Bergwitz, C; Carpenter, TO; Chande, S; Dijk, F; Fetene, J; van Helvoort, A; Yannicelli, S, 2021)	0.62
"The present findings indicated that phosphorus bioaccessibility in the in-vitro batch digestion model translates well into phosphorus bioavailability in mice even under compromised digestive conditions that bypass gastric acidification."	( Phosphorus bioaccessibility measured in four amino acid-based formulas using in-vitro batch digestion translates well into phosphorus bioavailability in mice. Bergwitz, C; Carpenter, TO; Chande, S; Dijk, F; Fetene, J; van Helvoort, A; Yannicelli, S, 2021)	0.62
" The ratio and bioavailability of nutrients in wastewater are vital parameters, which significantly impact nutrient recovery efficiency and algal biomass production."	( Insights into the potential impact of algae-mediated wastewater beneficiation for the circular bioeconomy: A global perspective. Bux, F; Kader, F; Ratha, SK; Rawat, I; Renuka, N, 2021)	0.62
" BCR sequential extraction results indicated that HAP/C-S-H could convert acid-soluble Zn(Ⅱ) into reducible and residual Zn(Ⅱ), reducing the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of Zn(Ⅱ) in contaminated soil."	( In-situ remediation of zinc contaminated soil using phosphorus recovery product: Hydroxyapatite/calcium silicate hydrate (HAP/C-S-H). Gu, Z; Wang, X; Xia, S; Yuan, M; Zhao, J, 2022)	0.72
" The surface sediments of the Nanhai Lake (L area) and the wetland plant area (P area) exhibited high bioavailability and the potential for releasing phosphorus into the water, which could result in eutrophication and is therefore of concern."	( [Phosphorus Fractions and Quantitative Identification of Pollution Sources in Nanhai Wetland, Baotou]. Bai, YH; Lai, LZ; Liu, Y; Miao, CL; Qian, CG; Xie, ZY; Yuan, SJ; Zhang, M, 2021)	0.62
"Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient; however, potential health impacts of high dietary levels of added soluble, highly bioavailable P salts especially are a concern."	( Comparisons of In Vitro and In Vivo Digestibility Assays for Phosphorus in Feline Diets and Associations with Dietary Nutrient Content. Bakke, AM; Carvell-Miller, L; Coltherd, JC; Hughes, KR; Marshall, JW; Soutar, L; Staunton, R; Steele, VR, 2021)	0.62
" Phosphorus speciation in aeolian dust ultimately controls the release and bioavailability of P after dust deposition, but the speciation in Saharan dust and its change during the trans-Atlantic transport remains unclear."	( X-ray Spectroscopic Quantification of Phosphorus Transformation in Saharan Dust during Trans-Atlantic Dust Transport. Angert, A; Beyer, KA; Bigio, L; Dam, TTN; Hu, Y; Krom, MD; Mayol-Bracero, OL; Pio, C; Santos-Figueroa, G; Zhu, M, 2021)	0.62
" A reliable a priori indicator of SIA P bioavailability was determined using the random forest method."	( Assessing and predicting phosphorus phytoavailability from sludge incineration ashes. Beecher, N; Gallichand, J; Joseph, CA; Khiari, L, 2022)	0.72
" Overall, understanding the sediment P bioavailability and hydraulic properties at different sizes and the lake hydrodynamic conditions is essential to develop appropriate methods to control lake internal P pollution."	( Resuspension and settlement characteristics of lake sediments amended by phosphorus inactivating materials: Implications for environmental remediation. Bai, L; Jiang, H; Wang, C; Wei, Z; Xu, H; Xu, Y; Zhao, Y, 2022)	0.72
"The low bioavailability of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), is one of the most limiting factors for crop production."	( Nodulating white lupins take advantage of the reciprocal interplay between N and P nutritional responses. Buoso, S; Commisso, M; Franco, A; Guzzo, F; Pinton, R; Tomasi, N; Varanini, Z; Zamboni, A; Zanin, L, 2022)	0.72
"04 mg-P/g-SS, respectively, and both granular sludges possessed high P bioavailability of 97-99%."	( Simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and alginate-like exopolysaccharides from two types of aerobic granular sludge. Chen, X; Lee, DJ; Lei, Z; Shimizu, K; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Yuan, T; Zhang, Z, 2022)	0.72
" This paper reviews the methods for the recovery of different forms of phosphorus (wet chemical, thermochemical and electrodialysis) from solid products obtained from different sludge thermal treatment methods (incinerated sewage sludge ash, pyrolysis of sewage sludge char and hydrochar) and the bioavailability of the recovered phosphorus products."	( Thermal treatment of sewage sludge: A comparative review of the conversion principle, recovery methods and bioavailability-predicting of phosphorus. Fan, Y; Li, C; Li, S; Liu, X; Shi, H; Wang, B; Zhai, Y; Zhu, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Potential mobility and bioavailability of Cu and Pb are investigated using BCR sequential extraction in the 35 day remediation experiment."	( Remediation of copper and lead contaminated sediments using iron-based granule biochar: mechanisms and enzyme activity. Gao, W; Gu, C; Shi, M; Song, L; Wang, Z; Wu, Y; Xuan, L, 2023)	0.91
" However, the relative bioavailability of different types of DOP, such as phosphomonoesters (P-O-C) and phosphoanhydrides (P-O-P), is poorly understood."	( Dissolved organic phosphorus utilization by the marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 reveals chain length-dependent polyphosphate degradation. Adams, JC; Chou, CW; Diaz, JM; Duhamel, S; Steffen, R, 2022)	0.72
"DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) technique has been developed for measuring nitrogen in freshwaters and applied to assess the bioavailability of phosphorus in soils/sediments."	( Validation and Assessment of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films (DGT) Technique for Measuring Nutrients in Taihu Lake Water with Algae Bloom. Chen, H; Li, Y; Luo, J; Sun, H; Yang, D, 2022)	0.72
" After hot pressing, the moisture absorption rate of the 170BF-B veneer is only 18."	( In Situ Polymerization and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Bio-Based Nitrogen and Phosphorus Macromolecular Flame Retardant in Plywood. Yang, G; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.72
"The bioavailability and cycling of nutrients in soil are two of the most important factors for healthy plant growth and development in natural and agricultural ecosystems."	( Seasonal variations of some soil nutrients in a natural and an agricultural olive grove in Adana, Turkey. Koçak, B, 2022)	0.72
"Low soil phosphorus (P) bioavailability causes the widespread occurrence of P-limited terrestrial ecosystems around the globe."	( Remarkable effects of microbial factors on soil phosphorus bioavailability: A country-scale study. Feng, SW; Jia, P; Li, JT; Liang, JL; Liao, B; Lu, JL; Ou, SN; Shu, WS; Wang, YT; Wu, ZH; Zheng, J, 2022)	0.72
" The 2020 Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative guidelines recommend considering bioavailability of phosphorus source when implementing low phosphorus diets; current handouts in Canada would likely benefit from review."	( Currently Available Handouts for Low Phosphorus Diets in Chronic Kidney Disease Continue to Restrict Plant Proteins and Minimally Processed Dairy Products. Griffiths, M; Mager, DR; Picard, K; Razcon-Echeagaray, A; Richard, C, 2023)	0.91
" We aim to study the effect of adding phosphate fertiliser and biochar on the P bioavailability in soils of different mineralogies."	( Soil mineralogy-controlled phosphorus availability in soils mixed with phosphate fertiliser and biochar. de Souza Júnior, VS; Matoso, SCG; Otero Pérez, XL; Wadt, PGS, 2023)	0.91
" Nutrient databases provide total P, but bioavailability varies by source."	( Bioavailability of phosphorus and kidney function in the Jackson Heart Study. Akinlawon, OJ; Bigornia, S; Davenport, CA; Duong, CN; Flanagan, K; Gung, J; Lin, PH; Noel, SE; Pendergast, J; Pourafshar, S; Scialla, JJ; Tucker, KL, 2022)	0.72
" Thus, major aims of this review are to systematically address the mechanisms whereby biochar improves phosphorus bioavailability in soda saline-alkali soil through changes in the soil's physico-chemical properties, aggregate stability, contents of organic acids, enzyme activities, key functional genes, and microbial community structure."	( Mechanisms of straw biochar's improvement of phosphorus bioavailability in soda saline-alkali soil. Li, G; Li, Y, 2022)	0.72
"Human intake of selenium (Se) mainly occurs through the food chain, and is largely dependent on the bioavailability of soil Se."	( Analysis of phosphorus and sulfur effect on soil selenium bioavailability based on diffusive gradients in thin films technique and sequential extraction. Jiang, T; Li, F; Qi, H; Yang, Z; Yu, T, 2022)	0.72
" Our data suggest that using the substitution method to evaluate the bioavailability of feed phosphates has its own advantages; MCP has higher biological availability than DCP for broilers and ducks."	( Evaluation of the ileal digestibility and excreta retention of phosphorus for feed phosphates in broiler chickens and in Pekin ducks. Applegate, TJ; Bai, SP; Ding, XM; Lv, L; Peng, HW; Tian, G; Wang, HY; Wang, JP; Xu, SX; Xuan, Y; Zeng, QF; Zhang, KY, 2022)	0.72
" In the end, this work pointed out following efforts needed to deepen the understanding of sediment OP, namely: (1) In-depth literature review from a global perspective regarding the contribution of sediment OP to internal P loading with further summary about its pattern of distribution, accumulation and historical changes; (2) better mathematical models for describing drivers and the linkages between the biological pump of algal bloom and the replenishment of sediment OP; (3) fully accounting the composition and molecular size of OP for better understanding its transformation process and mechanism; ; (4) developing direct, high-sensitivity and combined techniques to improve the precision for identifying OP in sediments; (5) establishing the response of OP molecular properties and chemical reactivity to OP biodegradability and designing a comprehensive and accurate composite index to deepen the understanding for the bioavailability of OP; and (6) integrating fundamental processes of OP in current models to better describe the release and exchange of P in sediment-water interface (SWI)."	( Cognizing and characterizing the organic phosphorus in lake sediments: Advances and challenges. Li, Y; Ni, Z; Wang, S, 2022)	0.72
" Therefore, this study aims to isolate the PSB from sediment of earthen fishponds and evaluate with a more appropriate approach to ensure their effectiveness in increasing the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in farm conditions."	( Screening and evaluation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from aquaculture ponds in a step-by-step strategy as potential biofertilizer. Armandeh, M; Fallah Nosratabad, AR; Mahmoudi, N, 2022)	0.72
" The SOM technique and Boruta algorithm highlighted that the initial concentration of Y and coexisting phosphorus played essential roles in the sorption process of Y, indicating that the addition of phosphate fertilizer may be an effective way to reduce the Y bioavailability in paddy soil in practice."	( Mechanisms and influencing factors of yttrium sorption on paddy soil: Experiments and modeling. Elbana, TA; Han, X; Liang, T; Rinklebe, J; Song, H; Wan, X; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Yang, J, 2022)	0.72
" Recent suggestions that the phosphorus load from Lake Huron is underestimated because sampling frequencies miss contributions from resuspension events are speculative because they did not include direct load measurements, address all resuspension regions, or assess the potential bioavailability of the load."	( Wind-Driven Sediment Resuspension in the World's Fourth Largest Lake Contributes Substantial Phosphorus Load to the 11th Largest Lake. Calappi, TJ; Godwin, CM; Hill, B; Scavia, D; Veliz, M; Wang, YC, 2022)	0.72
"Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) is a key factor in the water eutrophication process because of its high potential bioavailability and inorganic phosphate (Pi) compensation ability through bio- and photo-mineralization."	( Molecular insight into the release of phosphate from dissolved organic phosphorus photo-mineralization in shallow lakes based on FT-ICR MS analysis. Fu, Q; Guo, M; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, Y, 2022)	0.72
" We estimate that during 2003-2019 March to June high flow events, P sorption reduced DRP exports by an average of 13-27%, depending upon the colloidal-P:DRP ratio, decreasing the bioavailability of P exports, and potentially constraining cyanobacteria blooms by 13-40%."	( River phosphorus cycling during high flow may constrain Lake Erie cyanobacteria blooms. Curless, SE; Hood, JM; King, WM, 2022)	0.72
"Microbial induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP) is an advanced bioremediation technology to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs), but the high level of HMs would inhibit the growth of phosphate solubilizing microbes."	( Remediation of chromium, zinc, arsenic, lead and antimony contaminated acidic mine soil based on Phanerochaete chrysosporium induced phosphate precipitation. He, N; Hu, L; Jiang, C; Li, M, 2022)	0.72
" In the present study, seaweed organic fertilizer (S), apatite (A), biochar (B), and seaweed organic fertilizer-apatite-biochar mixtures (SAB) were applied at different rates to assess their influence on cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) bioavailability in contaminated farmland soils, using different component ratios and doses in maize field plots, and maize yield."	( Combined apatite, biochar, and organic fertilizer application for heavy metal co-contaminated soil remediation reduces heavy metal transport and alters soil microbial community structure. Hong, Y; Hu, Y; Jiao, Y; Li, D; Li, Z; Wang, B; Xie, C; Yin, J; Zhang, K; Zheng, X; Zhu, Z, 2022)	0.72
" The analysis results show that a minimum of 1470 Mg of phosphorus removed by 35 wastewater treatment plants based entirely on biological treatment methods could be used for phosphorus recovery to produce struvite, calcium phosphate or other highly bioavailable alternative fertilizer products."	( Investigating phosphorus loads removed by chemical and biological methods in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Poland. Preisner, M; Smol, M, 2022)	0.72
" Se application increased the bioavailability of N and P in soil and their total concentration in the straw and seeds of each plant."	( Effects of foliar application of selenium and potassium-humate on oat growth in Baloza, North Sinai, Egypt. Abou-Shady, A; Eissa, D; Hegab, RH, 2022)	0.72
" Under the condition of low SRT(5 d), the nitrification, denitrification, phosphorus accumulation, and phosphorus absorption rate of activated sludge increased by 122%, 88%, 34%, and 44%, respectively, compared with that of high SRT (25 d)."	( [Analysis of Microbial Interaction Law of Mud Membrane in IFAS Process for Treating Low Carbon Source Sewage in South China]. Chu, ZR; Feng, J; He, JG; He, ZY; Jiang, WX; Liu, XP; Wu, SH, 2022)	0.72
" Gradient boosting regression performed best among the four models for predicting both heavy metal bioavailability variations and immobilization."	( Simulation, prediction and optimization of typical heavy metals immobilization in swine manure composting by using machine learning models and genetic algorithm. Guo, HN; Liu, HT; Wu, S, 2022)	0.72
" The mobility and bioavailability of P primarily depend on the contents of different P forms, which in turn depend on the sedimentary environment."	( Characteristics and distribution of phosphorus in surface sediments of a shallow lake. Ji, Z; Long, Z; Pei, Y, 2023)	0.91
" Therefore, this study explored the bioavailability of soil-accumulated phosphorus to improve fertilization and reduce the risk of soil phosphorus contamination in protected fields."	( Dynamic Changes in Soil Phosphorus Accumulation and Bioavailability in Phosphorus-Contaminated Protected Fields. Liang, H; Liang, Y; Lu, X; Sai, C; Wang, C, 2022)	0.72
" The results showed that oyster culture enhanced the bioavailability of phosphorus in sediments."	( Oyster culture changed the phosphorus speciation in sediments through biodeposition. Cai, Z; Jia, Z; Song, J; Yan, Q; Zhou, J, 2023)	0.91
"Phosphonates are important components of marine organic phosphorus, but their bioavailability and catabolism by eukaryotic phytoplankton remain enigmatic."	( Transcriptomic-Guided Phosphonate Utilization Analysis Unveils Evidence of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Phospholipid Synthesis in the Model Diatom, Li, L; Lin, X; Ma, J; Shu, H; Wang, H; Wang, J; You, Y, 2022)	0.72
"The bioavailability of phosphorus is a vital index for evaluating the quality of compost products."	( Biochar reduces bioavailability of phosphorus during swine manure composting: Roles of phoD-harboring bacterial community. Chen, R; Li, M; Tao, X; Wang, X; Yang, C; Yang, S; Yin, Y; Zheng, Y, 2023)	0.91
"Novel feeds for improved feed intake and for enhanced nutrient bioavailability have recently attracted attention."	( Dephytinization of wheat and rice bran by cross-linked enzyme aggregates of Mucor indicus phytase: a viable prospect for food and feed industries. Vaidyanathan, VK; Venkataraman, S, 2023)	0.91
" In addition, phosphorus recovered by BMCa@BC had high bioavailability (86."	( Phosphorus recovery and reuse in water bodies with simple ball-milled Ca-loaded biochar. Ai, D; Ma, H; Meng, Y; Wang, B; Wei, T, 2023)	0.91
" The bioavailability of DOM released by HP under varying environmental conditions has not been fully elucidated."	( Effects of Phosphorus Limitation on the Bioavailability of DOM Released by Marine Heterotrophic Prokaryotes. Bouchachi, N; Carpaneto Bastos, C; Catala, P; Crispi, O; Li, F; Marie, B; Obernosterer, I; Ortega-Retuerta, E; Scenna, L, 2023)	0.91
" philoxeroides invasion on soil phosphorus (P) cycling and bioavailability in this ecotone."	( Responses of soil phosphorus cycling and bioavailability to plant invasion in river-lake ecotones. Chao, C; Li, Y; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Lv, T; Wang, L; Wu, L; Xing, B; Yan, Z; Yu, D, 2023)	0.91
"Dredging activities cause sediment resuspension, which can change the bioavailability of nutrients such as phosphorus (P) in aquatic ecosystems due to remobilization."	( Assessment of eutrophication from phosphorus remobilization after resuspension of coastal sediments from an urban tropical estuary. Cordeiro, RC; de Castro Rodrigues, AP; do N Monte, C; Ferreira, LJS; Machado, W; Monte, G; Silva, MC; Silveira, CS, 2023)	0.91
"Compared with selenate or SeMet treatment, treatment with an appropriate amount of P combined with selenite could promote plant growth, reduce Se uptake, alter Se subcellular distribution and speciation, and affect Se bioavailability in wheat."	( Selenium uptake, translocation, subcellular distribution and speciation in winter wheat in response to phosphorus application combined with three types of selenium fertilizer. Hu, C; Li, C; Li, G; Liu, H; Nie, Z; Peng, H; Shi, H, 2023)	0.91
"Microorganisms play crucial roles in phosphorus (P) turnover and P bioavailability increases in heavy metal-contaminated soils."	( Antimony efflux underpins phosphorus cycling and resistance of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in mining soils. He, Z; Liu, S; Wang, C; Wang, J; Yan, Q; Yang, Y; Yu, H; Zeng, J, 2023)	0.91
" These significant reductions often aligned temporally with advancements in clean manufacturing, amendments of the Clean Air Act, and other source control efforts which impact pollutant bioavailability and atmospheric deposition."	( Environmental regulations in the United States lead to improvements in untreated stormwater quality over four decades. Hathaway, JM; Schwartz, JS; Simpson, IM; Winston, RJ, 2023)	0.91
"Phosphorus bioavailability is essential for assessing compost quality."	( Regulating method of microbial driving the phosphorus bioavailability in factory composting. Dang, Q; He, L; Wang, Y; Zhao, X; Zhao, Y, 2023)	0.91
" Overall, the addition of PBC effectively improved soil nutrients, porosity, and water-holding capacity, promoted plant growth, immobilized Pb and Cd, as well as reduced the bioavailability in contaminated-soil from mining areas."	( Simultaneous enhancement of soil properties along with water-holding and restriction of Pb-Cd mobility in a soil-plant system by the addition of a phosphorus-modified biochar to the soil. An, SY; Han, F; Liu, L; Ma, LQ; Wang, Y; Yang, L, 2023)	0.91
"Heavy metal pollution threatens food security, and rhizosphere acidification will increase the bioavailability of heavy metals."	( Silicon-phosphorus pathway mitigates heavy metal stress by buffering rhizosphere acidification. Liang, Y; Pang, Z; Peng, H; Wang, Y; Yin, W; Zeng, W, 2023)	0.91
" To elucidate the effects of ferrous sulfate modification on the fate of phosphorus in sludge biochar and its effect on phosphorus fractionation in soil, we investigated the changes in fractionation and bioavailability of phosphorus in modified sludge biochar and studied the changes in soil characteristics, microbial diversity and response, bioavailability, plant uptake of phosphorus, and heavy metals in contaminated soils after treatment with ferrous sulfate modified sludge biochar."	( Effects of ferrous sulfate modification on the fate of phosphorous in sewage sludge biochar and its releasing mechanisms in heavy metal contaminated soils. Aihemaiti, A; Cai, Y; Li, R; Liang, S; Yan, F; Zhang, Z, 2023)	0.91
" Secondly, microbial phytases enhance mineral bioavailability and nutrient assimilation in plant-based food products, counteracting the negative effects of phytic acid on human health."	( Microbial Phytases: Properties and Applications in the Food Industry. Aria, N; Emami-Karvani, Z; Hamblin, MR; Joudaki, H; Moravej, R; Rezaei Yazdi, M, 2023)	0.91
" Supplementation of feeds with bacterial phytase therefore could enhance the bioavailability of phosphorus and micronutrients."	( Isolation and in-vitro characterization of extracellular phytase producing bacterial isolates for potential application in poultry feed. Gemeda, MT; Mussa, LA; Tefera, AT; Temesgen, EA; Yadetie, DM, 2023)	0.91
"The mineralization and bioavailability of phytic acid, the predominant organic phosphorus (OP) species in many soils, have generally been rendered limited due to its interaction with soil minerals."	( Spectroscopic Investigation of Phosphorus Mineralization as Affected by the Calcite-Water Interfacial Chemistry. Arai, Y; Chen, A; Han, HS; Zhu, L, 2023)	0.91
" This study highlights the significant role of hydrographical parameters in regulating phosphorus bioavailability in this estuary; therefore, any modifications to the same by climate change could make nutrient management even more challenging."	( Distribution of geochemical forms and bioavailability of phosphorus in the surface sediments of Beypore Estuary, southwestern coast of India. Ihjas, K; Joseph, CJ; M, D; Naveena, K; Renjith, KR; Santhosh, R, 2023)	0.91
" In addition, we also targeted some strategies to improve the bioavailability of PNMs, offering valuable insights for the future design and safe implementation of PNMs in agricultural practices."	( Phosphorus-based nanomaterials as a potential phosphate fertilizer for sustainable agricultural development. Adeel, M; Imran, A; Jiang, Y; Li, M; Li, Y; Rui, Y; Shakoor, N; Sun, Y; Wang, Q; Zhao, W; Zhu, G, 2023)	0.91
"Integrated nutrient management is a promising way to avoid plant nutrient shortages because of the positive relationship between the bioavailability of nutrients and greater economic interest in their application through organic amendments and microbial application."	( Use of organic fertilizers with microbes for improving maize growth, physiology and soil properties. Alejo, GSP; Angoma, AP; Araujo, VGS; Areche, FO; Cervantes, GMM; Dominguez, JAJ; Flores, DDC; García, JVN; Huayhua, LLA; Mallma, NES; Mamani, CMC; More López, JM; Paucarpura, VAZ, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Drugs, when necessary, have to be given with a dosage taking into account the level of renal failure."	( Conservative treatment of chronic renal insufficiency in children. Broyer, M, 1979)	0.26
" The stress the usefulness and the limits of the dosage of plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone as well as the difficulties to differentiale primary from paraneoplasic hyperparathyroidism."	( [Primary hyperparathyroidism. Current aspects of its diagnosis apropos of a case with digestive and neuropsychiatric manifestations]. Coevoet, B; Dupont, A; Fournier, A; Ghighi, J; Lambrey, G; Quichaud, J; Sebert, JL, )	0.13
"Too often neglected, dosage of phosphatemia should yet be kept on mind."	( [Hypophosphatemia (author's transl)]. Vinceneux, P, 1979)	0.26
" Concurrent dosing with salmon calcitonin (SCT) prevented or reversed the EHDP-blocked mineralization in a dose dependent manner."	( Inhibition of diphosphonate-blocked bone mineralization. Evidence that calcitonin promotes mineralization. Boris, A; Hurley, JF; Mallon, JP; Matuszewski, DS; Trmal, T, 1979)	0.26
"30% total phosphorus after dosing with a known amount of phosphorus."	( Blood phosphorus levels of laying hens at various time intervals after dosing with phosphoric acid. Choi, JH; Harms, RH; Miles, RD, 1979)	0.26
" Hens dosed with 100 mg of phosphorus, as a phosphoric acid solution, excreted more phosphorus than the undosed control birds."	( The phosphorus excretion pattern and balance during one egg cycle of the laying hen fed a phosphorus deficient diet with or without a single dose of phosphoric acid. Choi, JH; Harms, RH; Miles, RD, 1979)	0.26
"73 m2 with, similary, no dose-response relationship for doses varying from 25 to 150 MRC u/1."	( [Biological effects and activity threshold of a long-acting purified porcine calcitonin in the child]. Balsan, S; Bizien-Presle, V; Bourdeau, A; Jehanne, M; Royer, P, 1978)	0.26
"A crossover, randomized, eight-week trial using eight adult volunteers was undertaken to (1) determine the efficacy of aluminum hydroxide in decreasing gastrointestinal phosphate absorption, (2) compare the effectiveness of "with meal" and "between meal" dosing schedules, and (3) compare the effectiveness of the capsule and liquid dosage forms."	( Aluminum hydroxide: evaluation of two dosage forms and two dosing schedules in reducing intestinal phosphate absorption. Chang, BS; Johnson, CE; Smith, DR, 1978)	0.26
"A special apparatus with continuous dosing of substrates to flasks was used for experiments on the effect of inorganic phosphorus concentrations on the growth process of Act."	( [Mathematical model of the effect of inorganic phosphorus on the tetracycline biosynthesis process]. Biriukov, VV; Gerasimova, TM; Makarevich, VG; Tarasova, SS, 1976)	0.26
" All these fluids are dosed so that they correspond each other by their respective content in total calcium, total phosphorus and lactose."	( [Calcium absorption by the rat from various milks in relation to their total phosphorus and lactose contents]. Dupuis, Y; Fournier, A; Fournier, P, 1976)	0.26
" Groups ALC and ALI were fed ad libitum, the latter being dosed daily with 2500 infective larvae for 14 weeks."	( Subclinical trichostrongylosis in growing lambs produced by continuous larval dosing. The effect on performance and certain plasma constituents. Angus, KW; Coop, RL; Sykes, AR, 1976)	0.26
" In addition, the dbree of hypocalcemic response was greater in pregnant than in nonpregnant animals at equivalent dosage levels."	( Calcitonin effects in primate pregnancy. Pitkin, RM; Reynolds, WA; Wezeman, FH, 1975)	0.25
"Cholestyramine in a mean dosage of 0-6 g/kg/day has been given to 18 children with familial hypercholesterolaemia for between one and two and a half years."	( The effect of cholestyramine on intestinal absorption. Lloyd, JK; West, RJ, 1975)	0.25
" Among the variables studied were: systemic phosphate levels, systemic calcium levels, calcitonin administration, pregnancy, and dosage (at low levels)."	( The metabolism of labeled parathyroid hormone. VII Attempts to modify hormone deposition. Lane, K; Neuman, MW; Neuman, WF, 1975)	0.25
" Seric PTH dosage is certainly best fitted to discriminate patients affected with hyperparathyroidism from those with low turnover osteodystrophy."	( [Determination of bone mineral content and correlations with calciotropic hormones in periodic hemodialysis patients]. Anelli, F; Cantatore, FP; Carrozzo, M; De Maio, P; Girardi, V; Papagni, S; Rossi, G, )	0.13
" Focal dosed vacuum was found the most effective."	( [The effect of different vacuum therapy regimens on protein and mineral metabolism in periodontal tissues]. Chulak, LD; Goncharov, OS; Ivannikov, VI; Kovalenko, AF, )	0.13
" Taking the level of blood and bone Al as a measure, when different doses of Al were administered with F, in the low and median dosage of Al, F was in antagonism to Al absorption, but in case of high dosage of Al, F was in potentiation to Al absorption."	( [Aluminum and fluorine in blood and bone of rats fed on diet mixed with various contents of aluminum, fluoride or their mixture]. Dong, Q; Li, D; Li, S; Xiao, B; Zhan, C, 1992)	0.28
" Farm-reared mallards dosed with white phosphorus showed nearly identical behavioral symptoms to those of wild ducks that became sick in ERF."	( White phosphorus poisoning of waterfowl in an Alaskan salt marsh. Buchli, P; Calkins, D; Collins, CM; Goldfarb, G; Racine, CH; Reitsma, L; Roebuck, BD; Walsh, ME, 1992)	0.28
" In their absence, biochemical tests or well-designed and properly conducted dose-response field trials are the only sure ways of defining deficient states and assessing their functional and economic significance."	( Treatment of mineral disorders in cattle. McCaughan, CJ, 1992)	0.28
" From comparisons of dose-response curves rhLT appears to be more detrimental than rhTNF-alpha with respect to the bioenergetic status."	( Acute effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha or lymphotoxin on global blood flow, laser Doppler flux, and bioenergetic status of subcutaneous rodent tumors. Elger, B; Engel, T; Kluge, M; Schaefer, C; Seega, J; Vaupel, P, 1992)	0.28
" Through the dosing period, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine levels were not altered."	( Increased bone volume and reduced bone turnover in vitamin D-replete rabbits by the administration of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Hirai, T; Kurokawa, T; Nakamura, T; Orimo, H; Suzuki, K, 1992)	0.28
" Dose-response patterns for assays in which cholesteryl-conjugated oligomers are added to test cells either simultaneously or subsequently to viral infection are similar for homooligomer derivatives and for oligomers containing "antisense" sequences, suggesting a similarity in mode of action for the two classes of oligomers in this system."	( Effect of structural variations in cholesteryl-conjugated oligonucleotides on inhibitory activity toward HIV-1. Farooqui, F; Letsinger, RL; Sarin, PS; Sun, D, )	0.13
" There was a narrow dosage range for the effect of embolism measured by maximum decline in pH at 20 min, mortality, and infarct size."	( 31P spectroscopy in experimental embolic stroke: correlation with infarct size. Kryscio, RJ; Markesbery, WR; Smith, CD; Thomas, GS, 1990)	0.28
" Rats dosed with DMH exhibited improved efficiency of calcium absorption, but the incidence of intestinal tumors did not affect mineral utilization."	( Calcium and magnesium utilization in rats: effect of dietary butterfat and calcium and of age. Behling, AR; Choquette, L; Greger, JL; Kaup, SM, 1990)	0.28
"The dose-response relation between plasma glucose and brain lactate and the relation of these parameters to intracellular pH during severe cerebral ischemia have not been well characterized over a wide range of plasma glucose levels."	( Relationship between plasma glucose, brain lactate, and intracellular pH during cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Combs, DJ; Dempsey, RJ; Donaldson, D; Maley, M; Smith, C, 1990)	0.28
" True absorption was calculated after dosing cows intravenously with 45Ca and 32P to measure endogenous fecal losses."	( True absorption of calcium and phosphorus from alfalfa and corn silage when fed to lactating cows. Belo, AT; Belyea, RL; Goff, JP; Martz, FA; Weiss, MF, 1990)	0.28
" However, haemorrhage or an increase in halothane dosage results in irreversible damage to the energy producing processes of the kidney."	( Metabolic effects of sodium nitroprusside on the pig kidney in vivo: studies by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Barker, PB; Jones, LW; Parivar, F; Ross, BD, 1990)	0.28
" Therefore, this screening method is able to detect the presence of drugs even a therapeutic-level dosages, with the exception of compounds such as haloperidol, which have extremely low therapeutic dosage levels."	( [Screening of drugs and chemicals by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography. II. Detection of drugs and chemicals in the blood]. Fujiwara, Y; Fukuma, Y; Hara, K; Hieda, Y; Kageura, M; Kashimura, S; Morinaga, M; Takamoto, M, 1990)	0.28
"We examined directly the effects of a moderate dosage of caffeine (400 mg/d) on the calcium economy in 16 healthy premenopausal women in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design."	( Effects of moderate caffeine intake on the calcium economy of premenopausal women. Barger-Lux, MJ; Heaney, RP; Stegman, MR, 1990)	0.28
" Additional studies to determine the optimal dosage for maintenance therapy are needed, as are comparative trials with ganciclovir."	( Foscarnet treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Jacobson, MA; Mills, J; O'Donnell, JJ, 1989)	0.28
" There were eight rats in each dosage group."	( Sustained delivery of aspirin by means of ALCAP ceramics. Bajpai, PK; Muzina, DJ; Snow, KR, 1989)	0.28
" VD2 was administered orally at the dosage of 5-60 x 10(4) IU/kg, once daily for 4 days."	( Cholesterol reduces and corticosteroids enhance the toxicity of vitamin D in rats. Bandô, Y; Futagawa, Y; Kunitomo, M; Tanaka, Y; Yamaguchi, Y, 1989)	0.28
" Repeated dosing provided for more efficient use of the injected vitamin D3."	( Effect of parenteral vitamin D3 on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration in sheep. Smith, BS; Wright, H, 1985)	0.27
" Time-course and dose-response evaluations of the 1,25-(OH)2D3 effect revealed that the decrease in [14C]choline incorporation was seen within 12 h of incubation and occurred with as little as 10(-9) M, respectively."	( Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on phospholipid metabolism in cultured bovine parathyroid cells. Morrissey, J; Ritter, C; Slatopolsky, E; Sugimoto, T, 1988)	0.27
" The dosage of PTH and cyclic AMP were elevated in 29 out of 32 and 28 out of 31 patients respectively."	( [Primary hyperparathyroidism seen in rheumatology. Clinical symptoms and the relation between bone histologic signs and biological parameters]. Benamout, MP; Cancela, L; de Vernejoul, MC; Gardin, JP; Gueris, J; Kuntz, D; Miravet, L, 1988)	0.27
" A dose-response curve of total body insulin sensitivity was plotted."	( Low protein and low phosphorus diet in patients with chronic renal failure: influence on glucose tolerance and tissue insulin sensitivity. Aparicio, M; Aubertin, J; Bouchet, JL; de Precigout, V; Gin, H; Potaux, L, 1987)	0.27
" The 2-fold purpose of this study was 1) to develop a practical method for quantitating DHT2 after oral dosing in normal subjects, and 2) to assess changes in serum DHT2 levels and calcium and phosphorus metabolism after DHT2 administration for 8 days."	( Serum dihydrotachysterol levels and biological action in normal man. Bikle, DD; Norman, ME; Taylor, A, 1988)	0.27
" On the 2nd day after 33P dosing and at 1 h postoviposition, plasma, liver, kidney, femur bone, whole egg, ileum, ileal digesta, and excreta samples were collected from each hen."	( Influence of dietary calcium on phosphorus absorption and excretion and on phosphorus-33 distribution in laying hens. Scheideler, SE; Sell, JL, 1988)	0.27
" In addition, the individual distribution of phosphorus intake during the day dictated the dosing schedule."	( Alternative phosphate binders in dialysis patients: calcium carbonate. Delmez, J; Slatopolsky, E; Stokes, T; Weerts, C; Windus, D, 1986)	0.27
" Renal function was most severely affected in cows treated with 24,24-F2-dihydroxycholecalciferol and was evident even at the 100-micrograms dosage level."	( Bone resorption, renal function and mineral status in cows treated with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and its 24-fluoro analogues. Boris, A; Goff, JP; Horst, RL; Littledike, ET; Uskokovic, MR, 1986)	0.27
" Renal calcification were more pronounced after dosing with 1 alpha OHD3 than after treatment with 1 alpha OHD2."	( Effects of vitamin D. A comparison of 1 alpha OHD2 and 1 alpha OHD3 in rats. Sjödén, G, 1985)	0.27
" After 5 wk of the experiment, the calves were dosed orally with 65Zn, and daily total fecal collections were initiated."	( The effect of low to normal dietary phosphorus levels on zinc metabolism and tissue distribution in calves. Blackmon, DM; Fielding, AS; Gentry, RP; Laflamme, DP; Logner, KR; Miller, WJ; Neathery, MW, 1985)	0.27
" Mestranol in this dosage appeared to be relatively safe, but it is too early to evaluate the long-term hazards of such therapy."	( Oestrogen replacement therapy for prevention of osteoporosis after oophorectomy. Aitken, JM; Hart, DM; Lindsay, R, 1973)	0.25
" None of the dystrophy cases exhibited an anabolic response to any dosage of HGH tested."	( Metabolic effects of human growth hormone and of estrogens in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Barlow, J; Chyatte, SB; Gerron, GG; Jordan, A; O'Beirne, I; Patterson, JH; Rudman, D; Shavin, JS, 1972)	0.25
"The efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide, in a usual dosage of 50 mg."	( The use of thiazides in the prevention of renal calculi. Garcia, DA; Guay, GF; Yendt, ER, 1970)	0.25
" Hypocalcaemia was related to high dosage of anticonvulsant drugs, to multiple drug therapy, and to the use of individual anticonvulsant drugs in the following order, with decreasing order of importance: pheneturide, primidone, phenytoin, phenobarbitone."	( Disturbance of calcium metabolism by anticonvulsant drugs. Richens, A; Rowe, DJ, 1970)	0.25
" Despite a 54-fold increase in LATS concentration, a satisfactory dose-response curve could not be demonstrated when (14)CO(2) production was measured."	( In vitro stimulation by long-acting thyroid stimulator of thyroid glucose oxidation and 32P incorporation into phospholipids. Bloom, G; Field, JB; Kriss, JP; Remer, A, 1968)	0.25
" The RNA phosphorus redistribution, the decrease in inorganic pyrophosphatase and the increases in neotetrazolium reductase activities were at least partially prevented by a concomitant dosing with promethazine."	( The effects of carbon tetrachloride on rat liver microsomes during the first hour of poisoning in vivo, and the modifying actions of promethazine. Sawyer, BC; Slater, TF, 1969)	0.25
" The following experiments were performed: I) A relationship was observed between the amount of insulin dosage and the levels of serum potassium, blood sugar, and plasma cyclic AMP or plasma cyclic GMP in normal controls and rats."	( [The mechanism of the decrease in serum potassium during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (author's transl)]. Aikawa, T, 1982)	0.26
"Too often neglected, dosage of phosphatemia should yet be kept on mind."	( [Hypophysphatemia (author's transl)]. Vinceneux, P, )	0.13
"The dose-response relationship of estradiol benzoate (E2B)-induced increase of in vitro 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 - 1,25-(OH)2D3 - production in Japanese quail raised on a vitamin D-deficient diet was investigated."	( Estradiol-induced stimulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase in vitamin D-deficient Japanese quail. Baksi, SN; Kenny, AD, 1980)	0.26
" Using labeled material it was shown that the dosing levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 employed ensured a higher than normal plasma concentration of that metabolite over the period between doses."	( Histological observations on the failure of rachitic rat bones to respond to 1,25/OH)2D3. Gallagher, JA; Lawson, DE, 1980)	0.26
"The designing of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-renal dose-response studies in human beings is complicated by the possibility of rapid homologous receptor down-regulation, a phenomenon that is clearly shown to occur in vitro."	( Rapid development of renal resistance to low doses of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34. Dissociation of urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphaturic, and calciuric responses. Heath, H; Law, WM, 1983)	0.27
" A dose-response inhibition of the response of serum 25-OHD to vitamin D by 1,25(OH)2D3 was demonstrated in two of the normal subjects."	( Evidence that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the hepatic production of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in man. Bell, NH; Shaw, S; Turner, RT, 1984)	0.27
" Sheep dosed via rumen cannula with 2,000 ppm Al as citrate, exhibited lower serum Mg and increased urinary Ca excretion."	( Influence of dietary aluminum on nutrient utilization in ruminants. Allen, VG, 1984)	0.27
" The rates of osteoid maturation and initial mineralization increased during repletion with 24,25(OH)2D3 at both dosage levels."	( 24,25(OH)2D3, bone formation, and bone resorption in vitamin D-deficient, azotemic rats. Baylink, DJ; Goodman, WG; Sherrard, DJ, 1984)	0.27
"Six patients with Paget disease of bone were treated with a 6-mo course of disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphate (EHDP) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day (one patient) or 20 mg/kg/day (five patients)."	( An apparent 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-independent stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption in patients with Paget disease of bone during a short-term diphosphonate therapy. Norman, DA; Pak, CY; Zerwekh, JE, 1981)	0.26
" All other medications except vitamin D2 were continued at their pretreatment dosage levels throughout the study."	( Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 on renal function, mineral balance, and growth in children with severe chronic renal failure. Chan, JC; Kodroff, MB; Landwehr, DM, 1981)	0.26
" Concomitantly, epiphyseal, endosteal, and periosteal bone mineralization were improved in correlation with both the dosage of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and the serum phosphorus level."	( Healing of bone lesions with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the young X-linked hypophosphatemic male mouse. Glorieux, FH; Marie, PJ; Travers, R, 1982)	0.26
"For five days, three groups of six premature infants each were fed human milk and given a daily dosage of one of the following: vitamin D3 (30 micrograms), 25-OH D3 (10 micrograms) and 1,25-OH D3 (0."	( Early oral administration of vitamin D and its metabolites in premature neonates. Effect on mineral homeostasis. David, L; Delvin, E; Glorieux, FH; Renaud, H; Salle, BL; Senterre, J, 1982)	0.26
"Twenty-two infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) were studied and were divided into two groups: a first group of 14 IDM did not receive vitamin D3 and was studied at birth and at 2, 24, 48 and 120 hours; a second group was given daily dosage of 60 microgram of vitamin D3 from 3 hours to 120 hours and was studied at 2 hours and 120 hours."	( Hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mothers. Studies in circulating calciotropic hormone concentrations. David, L; Delvin, EE; Glorieux, F; Louis, JJ; Salle, B; Troncy, G, 1982)	0.26
" Plasma calcium rose abruptly close to the time when plasma alkaline phosphatase became normal and often remained raised despite reduction in dosage of alfacalcidol."	( Long-term experience of alfacalcidol in renal osteodystrophy. Brownjohn, AM; Goodwin, FJ; Hately, W; Manning, RM; Marsh, FP; O'Riordan, JH; Papapoulos, SE; Sharman, VL, 1982)	0.26
" The method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in the rat after an oral or intravenous dosage with 25 mg/kg of O,S,S-trimethylphosphorodithioate."	( The determination of O,S,S-trimethylphosphorodithioate in the plasma and various tissues of rats using high-resolution gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Bailey, E; Peal, JA; Verschoyle, RD, 1981)	0.26
"The effects of long term, low dosage anticonvulsant drug therapy on the vitamin D and folacin status of young children was studied."	( Folic acid and vitamin D status of young children receiving minimal anticonvulsant drug therapy. Bailey, LB; Enneking-Ivey, O; Gawley, L; Hananian, J; Hurd, R, 1981)	0.26
" The dosage of the antibiotic was adjusted to obtain plasma concentrations comparable with human therapeutic levels."	( Effects of oxytetracycline on mineralization of bone in young rats. Engesaeter, LB; Langeland, N; Underdal, T, 1980)	0.26
"To determine the safety and efficacy of a graduated dosing scheme of phosphorus replacement therapy in patients with hypophosphatemia receiving specialized nutrition support."	( Treatment of hypophosphatemia in patients receiving specialized nutrition support using a graduated dosing scheme: results from a prospective clinical trial. Brown, RO; Clark, CL; Dickerson, RN; Kudsk, KA; Sacks, GS, 1995)	0.29
"The graduated dosing scheme of phosphorus replacement therapy is both safe and efficacious in patients receiving specialized nutrition support."	( Treatment of hypophosphatemia in patients receiving specialized nutrition support using a graduated dosing scheme: results from a prospective clinical trial. Brown, RO; Clark, CL; Dickerson, RN; Kudsk, KA; Sacks, GS, 1995)	0.29
" Bioenergetic status was assessed by 31P MRS using a SISCO 7 Tesla magnet, oxygen measurements were done by a polarographic electrode and the hypoxic fraction was determined from direct analysis of the radiation dose-response data."	( Relationship between tumour oxygenation, bioenergetic status and radiobiological hypoxia in an experimental model. Grau, C; Horsman, MR; Jörgensen, HS; Nordsmark, M; Overgaard, J, 1995)	0.29
" Whereas the dose-response relations for the effects of both compounds on 24-OHase mRNA were similar, OCT was slightly more potent than 1,25(OH)2D3 in stimulating 24-OHase activity in both tissues."	( Induction of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase messenger RNA and activity by 22-oxacalcitriol in mouse kidney and duodenum. Possible role in decrease of plasma 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Akeno, N; Horiuchi, N; Kimura, S; Saikatsu, S, 1994)	0.29
" The purpose of the work was an attempt at the assessment of the effectiveness of pulsating dosage of alfacalcidol as compared to daily dosage."	( [Attempt at evaluation of alfacalcidol administered by an oral pulsatile method to chronically dialysed patients with advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism]. Bunio, A; Kwieciński, R, 1994)	0.29
" In order to further evaluate the effect of RAK on osteoporosis in the aged female SD rats, forty one month aged female SD rats were divided into three groups: a normal diet group (S), another normal diet group (A) and a test group (B) in which the animals were fed on a diet similar to that of the normal diet group with the addition of RAK at a dosage of 1%."	( [Influence of refined amorphophallus konjac on osteoporosis in the aged female rats: a preliminary bone histomorphometric analysis]. Li, H; Liu, S; Yang, C; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y, 1994)	0.29
" The cytotoxic effects of ascorbic acid on the sensitive cell lines were time and dosage dependent."	( Inhibitory effects of ascorbic acid on growth of leukemic and lymphoma cell lines. Kao, TL; Meyer, WJ; Post, JF, 1993)	0.29
" Furthermore, there was no increase in the creatinine or blood urea nitrogen level after 2 weeks of treatment with LE-PFA at a dosage of 35 mg/kg/day."	( Liposomal encapsulation of foscarnet protects against hypocalcemia induced by free foscarnet. Beauchamp, D; Bergeron, MG; Désormeaux, A; Dusserre, N; Omar, RF; Poulin, L; Tremblay, M, 1995)	0.29
" Although the median lethal doses were not statistically different, the female dose-response curve had a statistically shallower slope than that of males."	( Toxicity of white phosphorus to waterfowl: acute exposure in mallards. Gustafson, M; Karouna-Renier, N; Klein, P; Sparling, DW, 1997)	0.3
" Microbial and chemical monitoring of groundwater from 12 vertical wells was used to examine the effects of methane and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) dosing on the methanotrophic populations and on the potential of the subsurface microbial communities to degrade TCE."	( Effects of nutrient dosing on subsurface methanotrophic populations and trichloroethylene degradation. Hazen, TC; Palumbo, AV; Pfiffner, SM; Phelps, TJ, )	0.13
" The purpose of the study was to determine the dose-response effects of olestra on fat-soluble vitamins and selected water-soluble micronutrients."	( Olestra dose response on fat-soluble and water-soluble nutrients in the pig. Berry, DA; Cooper, DA; King, D; Kiorpes, AL; Peters, JC; Spendel, VA, 1997)	0.3
" In conclusion, we found that a low dose of PTH administration: (1) stimulated cancellous bone formation; (2) improved connectivity of trabeculae joined to the cortex; (3) did not decrease cortical thickness; and (4) did not increase cortical porosity in both ventral and dorsal cortexal shell of the lumbar vertebrae during this dosage and period in intact male beagles."	( Effects of intermittent administration of low dose human PTH(1-34) on cancellous and cortical bone of lumbar vertebral bodies in adult beagles. Endo, N; Hori, M; Inoue, J; Takahashi, HE; Tanizawa, T; Yamamoto, N; Zhang, L, 1997)	0.3
"To establish the PTH dosage that maintains normal mineral homeostasis in the PTX rat, a series of doses of rat 1-34 PTH were infused via a subcutaneously implanted miniosmotic pump."	( The PTH-calcium relationship during a range of infused PTH doses in the parathyroidectomized rat. Aljama, P; Almaden, Y; Berdud, I; Felsenfeld, AJ; Martin-Malo, A; Rodriguez, M, 1998)	0.3
" The study end point for efficacy was at least a 30% reduction from maximum baseline in iPTH level for 75% of the patients receiving paricalcitol per dosing group."	( Suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion in hemodialysis patients by a novel vitamin D analogue: 19-nor-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Arruda, J; Delmez, J; Goldblat, MV; Keshav, G; Lau, A; Lindberg, JS; Llach, F; Sadler, R; Slatopolsky, E, 1998)	0.3
" Dose-response curves and analysis of the results lead us to conclude that the obtained currents are directly related to the quantity of antigen."	( Immunoelectrodes in protein detection: comparison between glassy carbon and a semimetallic Ni/P thin film as binding support. Biological applications. Darbon, P; Giorgi, H; Machizaud, F; Math, F; Michel, V, 1998)	0.3
" To estimate the toxicity of P4 to swans and compare the toxic effects to those of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), we dosed 30 juvenile mute swans (C."	( Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of white phosphorus in mute swans, Cygnus olor. Day, D; Klein, P; Sparling, DW, 1999)	0.3
" True absorption was calculated after dosing cows intravenously with 45Ca and 32P to measure endogenous fecal losses."	( True absorption of calcium and phosphorus from corn silage fed to nonlactating, pregnant dairy cows. Belo, AT; Belyea, RL; Martz, FA; Weiss, MF, 1999)	0.3
" Similar evidence for PDH activation was demonstrated at 2 and 24 h after dosing in both tissues."	( Biochemical and neurotoxicological effects of L-2-chloropropionic acid on rodent brain. Bachelard, HS; Jones, P; Lock, EA; Williams, RE, 1999)	0.3
" Genetic complementation of the deletion using a chromosome duplicated for the Df1 DNA segment corrects the heart defects, indicating that they are caused by reduced dosage of genes located within Df1."	( Congenital heart disease in mice deficient for the DiGeorge syndrome region. Baldini, A; Botta, A; Bradley, A; Carattini-Rivera, S; Cheah, YC; Jurecic, V; Lindsay, EA; Rosenblatt, HM, 1999)	0.3
" The cadmium contents of the liver, testes, pooled sperm, and pooled spermatids from dosed and control animals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy."	( Cadmium concentrations in the testes, sperm, and spermatids of mice subjected to long-term cadmium chloride exposure. Balhorn, R; Bench, G; Corzett, MH; Martinelli, R, 1999)	0.3
" Therefore, PGE1 at the dosage used in this study did not increase bone formation but increased bone resorption in humans."	( The effect of prostaglandin E1 on human bone metabolism: evaluation by biochemical markers for bone turnover. Hoshino, H; Inoue, T; Ishihara, C; Kushida, K; Takahashi, M, 2000)	0.31
" Calcitriol dosing was similar in both groups (3-6 micrograms per week in three divided doses)."	( Pulse oral versus pulse intraperitoneal calcitriol: a comparison of efficacy in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy in peritoneal dialysis patients. Arora, N; Gadallah, MF; Moles, K; Ramdeen, G; Schaeffer-Pautz, A; Torres, C, 2000)	0.31
" We conducted a dose-response study in which ABCTs were measured in pups whose dams were fed diets containing one of three levels of DHA (2, 4 or 6% of total fatty acids) from a single cell oil."	( Effect of docosahexaenoic acid content of maternal diet on auditory brainstem conduction times in rat pups. Auestad, N; Barness, L; Benford, VJ; Carver, JD; Saste, MD; Stockard, JE, )	0.13
" Insufficient dosing of magnesium reduced the P removal performance."	( Controlled struvite crystallisation for removing phosphorus from anaerobic digester sidestreams. Barr, K; Münch, EV, 2001)	0.31
" Chemically dosed biomass had a significantly lower oxygen uptake rate than the control which was accompanied by a reduction in VSS; 10% for Fe(III) and 17% for Al(III)."	( The impact of residual coagulant on downstream treatment processes. Hewitt, R; Lees, EJ; Noble, B; Parsons, SA, 2001)	0.31
" Dosing of the input water with ferric sulphate to control external phosphorus loading has occurred since 1983."	( The potential for phosphorus release across the sediment-water interface in an eutrophic reservoir dosed with ferric sulphate. Perkins, RG; Underwood, GJ, 2001)	0.31
" The nutrient portion in the materials harvested as grain and straw occupied 58% of total dosed nitrogen and 75."	( Impacts of agrochemical fertilizer on the aquatic environment of paddy fields in Vietnam. Dung, PA; Ha, SR; Lee, BH, 2001)	0.31
" In the second, high-loading, phase of ENCORE an increased nutrient dosage (mean dose = 36."	( ENCORE: the effect of nutrient enrichment on coral reefs. Synthesis of results and conclusions. Booth, D; Broadbent, A; Brodie, J; Bucher, D; Capone, D; Coll, J; Dennison, W; Erdmann, M; Harrison, P; Hoegh-Guldberg, O; Hutchings, P; Jones, GB; Koop, K; Larkum, AW; O'Neil, J; Steven, A; Tentori, E; Ward, S; Williamson, J; Yellowlees, D, 2001)	0.31
" A combination of neural network for predicting outflow values one hour in advance and fuzzy controller for dosing the sludge water are presented."	( Improving the efficiency of a wastewater treatment plant by fuzzy control and neural network. Bongards, M, 2001)	0.31
" This led to the conclusions that by introducing a dosing control strategy based on continuous turbidity measurements a constant CODparticulate removal efficiency can be obtained."	( Flotation with polyelectrolytes as a first step of a more sustainable wastewater treatment system. Klapwijk, A; Mels, AR; Rulkens, WH; van der Meer, AK; van Nieuwenhuijzen, AF, 2001)	0.31
" After dosage of iron or polymer, it was possible to remove more suspended matter and a high proportion of colloidal material."	( Direct influent filtration as a pretreatment step for more sustainable wastewater treatment systems. Mels, AR; van der Graaf, JH; van Nieuwenhuijzen, AF, 2001)	0.31
"This study compares the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and respiration rates of a microbial population treating real and synthetic greywaters dosed with nutrient supplements."	( Nutrient addition to enhance biological treatment of greywater. Burgess, JE; Harkness, J; Jefferson, B; Judd, SJ; Pichon, A, 2001)	0.31
" During the past four years, IVAR has therefore undertaken comprehensive optimising of the precipitation process including full-scale experiments with different coagulant dosing control systems and different types of coagulants."	( Implementation of EU discharge guidelines at IVAR's Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant of North Jaeren, Stavanger, Norway. Tornes, O, 2001)	0.31
" When the anaerobic reactor was operating at steady state conditions, it was possible to reduce the FeCl3 dosage from 65 to 30 mg."	( Flotation technique with coagulant and polymer application applied to the post-treatment of effluents from anaerobic reactor treating sewage. de Carvalho, ME; Penetra, RG; Reali, AP, 2001)	0.31
" Subsequent dosing was based on iPTH, calcium, and phosphorus determinations."	( Paricalcitol in dialysis patients with calcitriol-resistant secondary hyperparathyroidism. Llach, F; Yudd, M, 2001)	0.31
"This contribution discusses the feasibility of automatic control for chemicals dosing in activated sludge systems."	( Feasibility of automatic chemicals dosage control--a full-scale evaluation. Bixio, D; Bogaert, H; Devisscher, M; Thoeye, C; Van, de VJ, 2002)	0.31
"0 and dosing with magnesium."	( Potential phosphorus recovery by struvite formation. Clark, TA; Jaffer, Y; Parsons, SA; Pearce, P, 2002)	0.31
" More aggressive paricalcitol dosing and close patient follow up was shown to be effective in the management of SHPT."	( Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Chmielewski, C; Foerster, D, 2001)	0.31
" Animals with a dosing of the drug at 2 hours after light on (HALO) had more grade of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia than those at 14 HALO."	( Time of day improves efficacy and reduces adverse reactions of vitamin D3 in 5/6 nephrectomized rat. Fujimura, A; Nishiki, K; Sugimoto, K; Tsuruoka, S, 2002)	0.31
" The high degree of reduction is only achieved by a relatively high dosage of chemicals."	( Phosphorus removal with membrane filtration for surface water treatment. Dietze, A; Gnirss, R; Wiesmann, U, 2002)	0.31
" Patients were divided according PTH into 4 groups and calcitriol was dosed accordingly."	( [Calcitriol dose optimization in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism during dialysis. Results at 6 months]. Cannata Andía, JB; Fernández Martín, JL; Hervás Sánchez, J; Rodríguez García, M; Ruiz de Castañeda, J, 2002)	0.31
" It can be overcome by enlarging the linear range of the dose-response or by calibrating the dose-response curves using non-linear characteristic parameters in a dose response function, such as the composite action dose response function."	( Non-linearity of TL dose responses in MgSO4:Dy CO-doped with Mn, P and Cu. Luo, DL; Zhang, CX, 2002)	0.31
"In Bautzen Reservoir (Germany), a technique of internally dosing iron compounds in combination with a local water column destratification was developed in order to control Microcystis blooms."	( Phosphorus reduction in a shallow hypereutrophic reservoir by in-lake dosage of ferrous iron. Benndorf, J; Deppe, T, 2002)	0.31
"Treatment of hyperparathyroidism includes the use of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25D3) to suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH), but dosing of 1,25D3 is limited by the development of hypercalcemia and a high calcium x phosphorus (Ca x P) product because of gut absorption of calcium and phosphorus and enhanced bone resorption."	( Differential effects of acute administration of 19-Nor-1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D2 and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 on serum calcium and phosphorus in hemodialysis patients. Ahya, SN; Coyne, DW; Giles, K; Grieff, M; Norwood, K; Slatopolsky, E, 2002)	0.31
" Because the final polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) concentrations contained within the biomass were more than the original level and no phosphate re-release was observed, glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) might exist in the multiple stages EBNR process and increased carbon dosage for further nitrate removal."	( Denitrifying characteristics of the multiple stages enhanced biological nutrient removal process with external carbon sources. Chou, YJ; Huang, HL; Kuo, WL; Ouyang, CF, 2003)	0.32
"001), and in positive correlation with weekly erythropoietin dosage (P=0."	( Mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure are associated with different clinical parameters in chronic haemodialysis patients. Bacic, B; Bosnjak, T; Kovacic, V; Roguljic, L, 2003)	0.32
" Therefore, the calcitriol dosage should be small and then adjusted according to the degree of SH."	( [Role of diet in the management of osteodystrophy during progressive renal insufficiency]. Martínez, I; Montenegro, J; Muñoz, RI; Ocharán, J; Saracho, R, 2003)	0.32
" Stepwise multivariate analysis revealed that serum levels of CAP were significantly determined by serum levels of Ca, P, Alb, and oral dosage of vitamin D (F ratio = 18."	( An evaluation of 1-84 PTH measurement in relation to bone alkaline phosphatase and bone Gla protein in hemodialysis patients. Akiba, T; Aoki, T; Haga, M; Kawashima, A; Kimata, N; Miwa, N; Nihei, H; Nitta, K; Suzuki, K; Watanabe, R; Watanabe, Y, 2003)	0.32
" Automatic process control of the nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes means that considerable improvements in the performance of aeration, internal recirculation, carbon dosage and phosphate precipitation dosage can be reached by using a simple control structure as well as simple PID controllers."	( Improved nutrient removal using in situ continuous on-line sensors with short response time. Ingildsen, P; Wendelboe, H, 2003)	0.32
" An innovative feature of the plant is the supplementary carbon dosing facility to avoid the use of metal salts (alum or ferric) for phosphorus removal."	( Optimisation of Noosa BNR plant to improve performance and reduce operating costs. Blackall, L; Keller, J; Thomas, M; Urbain, V; Wright, P, 2003)	0.32
" It is the authors' view that studies comparing clinical outcome with SDHD and LNHD to conventional hemodialysis (CHD) must have dialysis dosage well defined if they are to provide generalizable results."	( Daily dialysis: the long and the short of it. Gotch, FA; Levin, NW, 2003)	0.32
" Repeated dosage with chlorpromazine and atropine, or promazine and atropine, after administration of parathion at the same rate, resulted in a slightly higher mortality in female rats than did atropine or no treatment."	( Poisoning by organic phosphorus pesticides potentiated by phenothiazine derivatives. GAINES, TB, 1962)	0.24
" Fenthion and malathion were the most promising of the compounds, and wettable powder deposits at a dosage of 1 g/m(2) on plywood remained effective for five months."	( The toxicity of some organophosphorus compounds to adult Anopheles stephensi. BARLOW, F; HADAWAY, AB, 1963)	0.24
" Concerning package plants, it is necessary to have reliable dosing equipment and frequent checks to achieve long-term phosphorus removal."	( Evaluation of small wastewater treatment systems. Hellström, D; Jonsson, L, 2003)	0.32
" In this study, the chronopharmacological effect of 22-oxacalcitriol, a newly developed active vitamin D3 analogue with less calcemic activity, was evaluated by a single and repeated dosing of the drug in aged SHRSP."	( Chronopharmacology of oxacalcitriol in rat model of osteoporosis. Fujimura, A; Tsuruoka, S; Wakaumi, M; Yamamoto, H, 2004)	0.32
" The on-line control of ferric dosage is illustrated by the case of the Lommel WWTP, and the Harelbeke WWTP and Houthalen WWTP illustrate advanced on-line control of aeration for nitrogen removal."	( On-line control of biological nutrient removal processes in practice: a cost-benefit analysis. Devisscher, M; Parmentier, G, 2003)	0.32
" Both reactors were dosed with two types of influent."	( Quantification of biofilms in a sub-surface flow wetland and their role in nutrient removal. Greenway, M; Larsen, E, 2004)	0.32
"To investigate the efficacy, safety, and the tolerability of two dosing regimens of ADV (10 mg daily or 30 mg daily), two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were performed in patients with chronic hepatitis B and compensated liver disease who were not undergoing current treatment and who had evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication."	( Renal safety of adefovir dipivoxil in patients with chronic hepatitis B: two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Arterbrun, S; Brosgart, CL; Currie, G; Deray, G; Hadziyannis, SJ; Hulot, JS; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Marcellini, P; Westland, C, 2004)	0.32
" All lysimeters were dosed with effluent from a septic tank for 24 mo at a rate of 12 cm d(-1) and subsequently for 2 mo at 4 cm d(-1)."	( Effects of aeration on water quality from septic system leachfields. Amador, JA; Görres, JH; Nicosia, EL; Potts, DA, )	0.13
" Actual wastewater was dosed as brief slugs to the system in accordance with a set schedule."	( Carbon and nutrient removal from on-site wastewater using extended-aeration activated sludge and ion exchange. Burks, BD; Parker, RA; Safferman, SI, )	0.13
" As part of a series of full-scale experiments, the plant has, for the last two years, been operated without denitrification for a couple of months during spring/summer, in order to benefit a favourable N/P-ratio in the recipient and to counteract the growth of nitrogen fixing blue-green algae, When resuming the dosage of carbon, full denitrification was re-established in about two weeks."	( Six years of operation of a fluidised bed reactor for denitrification. Bosander, J; Harri, A, 2004)	0.32
" By measurement of inlet and outlet concentrations and of chemicals added it was possible to determine the relationships between chemical dosing and phosphorus discharge and thus calculate the operational cost and environmental impact of different dosing/discharge levels."	( Economic and environmental optimization of phosphorus removal. Clauson-Kaas, J; Guildal, T; Neergaard-Jacobsen, B; Poulsen, TS; Thirsing, C, 2004)	0.32
" Pre-treated OMW was dosed in the reed bed at dilution ratios of 1/3 and 1/10 (v/v), pointing up that the latter only did not give rise to reed suffering and allowed to obtain good and durable removal efficiencies, above all for COD (74."	( Olive mill wastewater treatment by a pilot-scale subsurface horizontal flow (SSF-h) constructed wetland. Checchini, L; Del Bubba, M; Lepri, L; Pifferi, C; Zanieri, L, 2004)	0.32
" Although the rate of change increased with dosing level, treatments converged to similar enriched endpoints, characterized most notably by a doubling of plant biomass and elimination of native, calcareous periphyton mats."	( Cascading ecological effects of low-level phosphorus enrichment in the Florida everglades. Childers, DL; Edwards, AL; Gaiser, EE; Jayachandran, K; Jones, RD; Lee, D; Noe, GB; Richards, JH; Scinto, LJ; Trexler, JC, )	0.13
" The protocol consisted in the collection of 2, 24-hour urine samples, for dosing Ca, P, uric acid, Na, K, Mg, Ox and Ci, glycemia and serum levels of Ca, P, Uric acid, Na, K, Cl, Mg, U and Cr, urinary pH and urinary acidification test."	( Metabolic assessment in patients with urinary lithiasis. Amaro, CR; Amaro, JL; Goldberg, J; Padovani, CR, )	0.13
" This method is accurate and quick with less reagent dosage and broa linear range."	( [Studies on the determination of silicon and phosphorus in ferromanganese by ICP-AES]. Mo, QJ; Song, LH; Wang, XY, 2004)	0.32
" The disease may be effectively prevented by use of mineral blocks (block salt licks) or dosing orally with copper, selenium and cobalt soluble glass boluses."	( Studies on rickets and osteomalacia in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus). Zongping, L, 2005)	0.33
" To achieve this goal, a frequently used cell adhesion peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) was covalently incorporated into poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEODA) hydrogel and its dosage effect (0."	( The effect of incorporating RGD adhesive peptide in polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel on osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells. Elisseeff, J; Lee, H; Manson, PN; Wang, DA; Williams, CG; Yang, F, 2005)	0.33
" Less frequent dosing would be more convenient, require less nursing time, and be an option in other dialysis modalities."	( Once-weekly intravenous paricalcitol in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Cheng, SC; Coyne, DW; Staniforth, ME, 2005)	0.33
"Once-weekly dosing of paricalcitol is an effective option in treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism."	( Once-weekly intravenous paricalcitol in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Cheng, SC; Coyne, DW; Staniforth, ME, 2005)	0.33
" This dosage represented a 4:1 molar ratio between Al and Pmobile."	( Lake restoration by dosing aluminum relative to mobile phosphorus in the sediment. Andersen, FO; Hansen, J; Hansen, KS; Jensen, HS; Reitzel, K, 2005)	0.33
" Patients were divided into three groups (i): switched completely from a Ca-based binder to SH (complete switch); (ii) dosage of the Ca-based binder was reduced, and SH introduced (partial switch); and (iii) dosage of the Ca-based binder was not reduced and SH introduced (combination therapy)."	( Introduction to sevelamer hydrochloride and its clinical effects. Inaba, M; Nishizawa, Y; Shoji, T; Tabata, T; Tahara, H; Tsujimoto, Y, 2005)	0.33
" Three dosage levels of CNT (0."	( [Compound nylestriol tablet to prevent bone loss in osteoporotic rats]. Chen, ZN; Dai, RC; Li, HD; Liao, EY; Liu, SP; Liu, XJ; Luo, XH; Sun, RY; Wu, XP, 2004)	0.32
" The 4 domains, except for environment and global items of the WHOQOL-BREF(TW), each differentiated erythropoietin dosage from age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy referents."	( Quality of life and its determinants of hemodialysis patients in Taiwan measured with WHOQOL-BREF(TW). Kuo, PW; Lin, MI; Su, S; Wang, JD; Yang, SC, 2005)	0.33
"5% at a phosphate dosage of 3%; curing time can not influence its stabilization; and, stabilized fly ash using soluble phosphate can keep long-term stabilization at a broad pH value."	( [Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash using soluble phosphate]. Deng, Z; Jiang, JG; Wang, J; Xu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, ZZ, 2005)	0.33
" However, considering the calcium load, the excessive dosing of calcium carbonate must be avoided."	( [Treatment with phosphate binder (sevelamer hydrochloride, calcium carbonate) based on PTH]. Akatsuka, T; Fukazawa, S; Hashimoto, N; Koike, T; Mochizuki, T; Niida, Y; Sato, M; Tozawa, S; Yasuda, T, 2005)	0.33
" In this study, the potential application of adsorbent made from CEPT sludge in CEPT wastewater treatment was investigated in various conditions, such as the adsorbent dosage, pH, and dosing modes of ferric chloride and adsorbent."	( Adsorbent obtained from CEPT sludge in wastewater chemically enhanced treatment. Li, GB; Xu, GR; Zhang, WT, 2005)	0.33
" These ratios can be used as operational targets for estimation of sediment P release potential and Al dosing of P-rich sediment to prevent hypolimnetic P release under anoxic conditions."	( Aluminum control of phosphorus sorption by lake sediments. Amirbahman, A; Borovec, J; Hejzlar, J; Kopácek, J; Norton, SA; Ulrich, KU, 2005)	0.33
"To determine the effects of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) dosage and swimming exercise training during 4 weeks on bone metabolic turnover in rats, seven-week-old female 24 Wister-Kyoto (WKY) rats were investigated by bone status including bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical markers from blood and urine."	( Effects of chronic NH4Cl dosage and swimming exercise on bone metabolic turnover in rats. Kim, CS; Park, DH, 2005)	0.33
" Both configurations included an anaerobic zone ahead of the biological reactor, and differed by the position of the anoxic zone: standard pre-denitrification, or post-denitrification without dosing of carbon source."	( Outcomes of a 2-year investigation on enhanced biological nutrients removal and trace organics elimination in membrane bioreactor (MBR). Buisson, H; Gnirss, R; Keller, S; Lesjean, B; Luck, F; Tazi-Pain, A, 2005)	0.33
" Sevelamer was considered, but a MEDLINE search revealed no pediatric dosing information."	( Sevelamer therapy for pediatric end-stage renal disease. Chicella, MF; Dice, JE; Storms, LE, 2006)	0.33
"Intermittent dosing of calcitriol for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) has been associated with greater parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduction with fewer calcemic and phosphatemic effects than daily (QD) dosing."	( A comparison of dosing regimens of paricalcitol capsule for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD stages 3 and 4. Abboud, H; Anger, M; Batlle, D; Coyne, D; Hippensteel, R; Kavanaugh, A; Lunde, N; Melnick, JZ; Palaparthy, RV; Pradhan, RS; Qiu, P; Smolenski, O; Williams, LA, 2006)	0.33
"Secondary analyses of three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter studies in stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with SHPT were performed to compare three times per week (TIW) with QD dosing of paricalcitol."	( A comparison of dosing regimens of paricalcitol capsule for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD stages 3 and 4. Abboud, H; Anger, M; Batlle, D; Coyne, D; Hippensteel, R; Kavanaugh, A; Lunde, N; Melnick, JZ; Palaparthy, RV; Pradhan, RS; Qiu, P; Smolenski, O; Williams, LA, 2006)	0.33
"Pharmacokinetics revealed similar steady state paricalcitol exposure between dosing regimens."	( A comparison of dosing regimens of paricalcitol capsule for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD stages 3 and 4. Abboud, H; Anger, M; Batlle, D; Coyne, D; Hippensteel, R; Kavanaugh, A; Lunde, N; Melnick, JZ; Palaparthy, RV; Pradhan, RS; Qiu, P; Smolenski, O; Williams, LA, 2006)	0.33
"QD dosing of paricalcitol capsules is as efficacious as TIW dosing in achieving the primary end point (2 consecutive > or = 30% reductions in PTH) in stage 3 and 4 CKD patients with SHPT."	( A comparison of dosing regimens of paricalcitol capsule for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD stages 3 and 4. Abboud, H; Anger, M; Batlle, D; Coyne, D; Hippensteel, R; Kavanaugh, A; Lunde, N; Melnick, JZ; Palaparthy, RV; Pradhan, RS; Qiu, P; Smolenski, O; Williams, LA, 2006)	0.33
" This paper describes the studies and results of dose-response and linearity at much higher doses."	( The dose-response of Harshaw TLD-700H. Luo, LZ; Ramlo, MJ; Rotunda, JE; Velbeck, KJ, 2006)	0.33
" We changed our previously reported dosing algorithm because the low dose no longer appeared to be effective at increasing serum phosphorus concentrations."	( A new graduated dosing regimen for phosphorus replacement in patients receiving nutrition support. Alexander, KH; Brown, KA; Brown, RO; Dickerson, RN; Minard, G; Morgan, LM, )	0.13
" Patients who still had hypophosphatemia on day 2 were dosed using the new dosing algorithm by the nutrition support service according to that day's serum concentration of phosphorus, or empirically by the trauma service."	( A new graduated dosing regimen for phosphorus replacement in patients receiving nutrition support. Alexander, KH; Brown, KA; Brown, RO; Dickerson, RN; Minard, G; Morgan, LM, )	0.13
" There was no difference in baseline characteristics among the 3 dosing groups."	( A new graduated dosing regimen for phosphorus replacement in patients receiving nutrition support. Alexander, KH; Brown, KA; Brown, RO; Dickerson, RN; Minard, G; Morgan, LM, )	0.13
"Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) includes use of calcitriol (1,25D(3)) to suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH), but dosing of 1,25D(3) is limited by the development of hypercalcemia and a high calcium x phosphorus (Ca x P) product due to gut absorption of calcium and phosphorus as well as enhanced bone resorption."	( Differential effects of very high doses of doxercalciferol and paricalcitol on serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients. Ahya, SN; Coyne, DW; Giles, K; Joist, HE; Norwood, K; Slatopolsky, E, 2006)	0.33
" The ability of Scirpus littoralis to take up and translocate five metals- Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb from fly ash dosed and metal spiked soils were studied under waterlogged and field conditions for 90 days."	( Heavy metal uptake by Scirpus Littoralis Schrad. from fly ash dosed and metal spiked soils. Banerjee, DK; Bhattacharya, T; Gopal, B, 2006)	0.33
" As both problems hang together with a chemical imbalance in the anaerobic digester, we decided to investigate whether both problems could be (feasibly and economically) addressed by a common solution (such as dosing of iron solutions to precipitate both sulfide and phosphate), or by using separate approaches."	( Solutions to a combined problem of excessive hydrogen sulfide in biogas and struvite scaling. Charles, W; Cord-Ruwisch, R; Costa, M; Ho, G; Spencer, P, 2006)	0.33
" Despite multiple dosage alterations in the phosphate and calcitriol therapy, the patient had recurrent tertiary HPT and another kidney stone (treated by lithotripsy)."	( Tertiary hyperparathyroidism attributable to long-term oral phosphate therapy. McHenry, CR; Mostafavi, K; Murphy, TA, )	0.13
"Long-term follow-up of patients with tertiary HPT is critical, with careful dosage adjustments in phosphate and vitamin D therapy and monitoring of serum levels of phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone."	( Tertiary hyperparathyroidism attributable to long-term oral phosphate therapy. McHenry, CR; Mostafavi, K; Murphy, TA, )	0.13
" The majority of phosphate binders exist only in tablet form and are dosed three times per day with meals."	( Novel dosage forms and regimens for sevelamer-based phosphate binders. Burke, SK; Dagher, R; Duggal, A; Goldberg, J; Hanus, M; Plone, MA; Zhorov, E, 2006)	0.33
" The model verifies key observations from full-scale data: (a) extremely low orthophosphate levels can be achieved over a wide range of pH values, (b) a mixture of ferric phosphate and ferric hydroxide precipitate is forming with the hydroxide acting as sorbent, (c) molar ratios of Fe/P (iron dosed to phosphate removed) vary widely (1."	( Chemical phosphorus removal to extremely low levels: experience of two plants in the Washington, DC area. McGrath, M; Murthy, S; Smith, S; Takács, I, 2006)	0.33
" Few controlled dose-response studies are available on the effects of high P intake in man."	( High phosphorus intakes acutely and negatively affect Ca and bone metabolism in a dose-dependent manner in healthy young females. Kärkkäinen, MU; Kemi, VE; Lamberg-Allardt, CJ, 2006)	0.33
" The primary efficacy measure for which the study was powered is comparison of the effect of once-daily versus standard thrice-daily sevelamer dosing on serum phosphorus level control, determined by using equivalence testing."	( Results of a randomized crossover study comparing once-daily and thrice-daily sevelamer dosing. Blair, AT; Burke, SK; Cline, K; Dillon, M; Fischer, D; Plone, MA, 2006)	0.33
"Once-daily sevelamer was as effective as thrice-daily dosing of sevelamer in controlling serum phosphorus, calcium, calcium x phosphorus product, serum albumin, and serum lipid levels."	( Results of a randomized crossover study comparing once-daily and thrice-daily sevelamer dosing. Blair, AT; Burke, SK; Cline, K; Dillon, M; Fischer, D; Plone, MA, 2006)	0.33
" When dosed 24 mg Al/L E-PACl, effective coagulation and disinfection in municipal wastewater could be achieved simultaneously."	( Coagulation and disinfection efficiency of an electrochemically prepared dual-function reagent in municipal wastewater. Hu, C; Liu, H; Qu, J; Wang, Y, 2006)	0.33
"5 or 9 mg/kg dosage of genistein could also prevent osteoporosis significantly at the 4th week after treatment."	( Pharmacological studies of the large-scaled purified genistein from Huaijiao (Sophora japonica-Leguminosae) on anti-osteoporosis. Sun, JY; Wang, DN; Wang, SW; Wang, ZL; Xie, YH; Zhao, WM, 2006)	0.33
"Muraglitazar, a PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist, was dosed orally to rats once daily for 13 weeks to evaluate urinary and urothelial changes of potential relevance to urinary bladder tumorigenesis."	( Subchronic urinary bladder effects of muraglitazar in male rats. Arnold, LL; Cano, M; Cohen, SM; Dominick, MA; Mitroka, J; Sanderson, TP; Schilling, BE; Van Vleet, TR; Waites, CR; White, MR, 2007)	0.34
" Phosphate binders (PBs) effectively reduce intestinal iP absorption, but are mostly dosed inadequately in relation to meal phosphorus content."	( Practical approaches to management of hyperphosphatemia: can we improve the current situation? Kuhlmann, MK, 2007)	0.34
" Dosing based on streaming current values resulted in turbidities of less than 10."	( Treatment of urban runoff at Lake Tahoe: low-intensity chemical dosing. Bachand, P; Darby, J; Trejo-Gaytan, J, 2006)	0.33
" On the other hand, acute elevation of the 3 parameters was well-controlled in patients with moderate and high PTH (w-PTH from 90 - 180 pg/ml, w-PTH more than 180 pg/ml, respectively) by increased dosage of active VD."	( Low-calcium dialysate improves mineral metabolism in hemodialysis patients. Fujimori, A; Fukagawa, M; Nakao, N; Oyama, M; Sakai, M; Tokuyama, M; Yorifuji, M, 2007)	0.34
" In the meantime, phosphor removal was also studied with polymer ferric sulfate (PFS) addition and 14 mg/L dosage of PFS was proper for the MBR to remove phosphor."	( Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphor removal in an aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor. Gu, GW; Ma, LM; Wang, ZW; Wu, ZC; Yu, GP, 2006)	0.33
" The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 disappears when the dosing solution of phosphate is at 2 M, suggesting that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates active transport of phosphate but not diffusion of phosphate."	( Characterization of intestinal phosphate absorption using a novel in vivo method. DeLuca, HF; Williams, KB, 2007)	0.34
" Dosing needs to be adjusted according to phosphorus levels."	( [Calcimimetics, phosphate binders, vitamin D and its analogues for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease: guideline from the Italian Society of Nephrology]. Cozzolino, M; Marangella, M; Mazzaferro, S; Messa, P; Strippoli, GF, )	0.13
" They were tested in the laboratory, where the filters were dosed three times per week with semi-synthetic stormwater for five weeks."	( Stormwater reuse: designing biofiltration systems for reliable treatment. Deletic, A; Fletcher, TD; Hatt, BE, 2007)	0.34
" Per-week dosage of L-T4 was significantly higher in patients with DTC than in controls (P < ."	( Serum osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand levels in patients with a history of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a case-controlled cohort study. Cecoli, F; Ceresola, E; De Franchis, V; Fazzuoli, L; Ferone, D; Giusti, M; Minuto, F; Mussap, M, 2007)	0.34
" Although a strong relationship between fly ash dosage and available nitrogen concentration was obtained in alkaline stabilisation process, no significant correlation was found between the two parameters in alkaline pasteurisation process."	( The effects of fly ash incorporation on some available nutrient contents of wastewater sludges. Alkan, U; Başkaya, HS; Topaç, FO, 2008)	0.35
"The fate of nutrients in the modern effluent treatment plant depends on several factors, for example type of treatment plant, availability of nutrients in the specific effluent, dosing of nutrients and sludge age/production."	( Strategy for nutrient control in modern effluent treatment plants. Ericsson, T; Larsson, B; Sivard, A, 2007)	0.34
"The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of the denitrification process enhancement, in the Ciudad Real (Spain) WWTP, by dosing agro-food wastewaters generated nearby the city."	( Use of agro-food wastewaters for the optimisation of the denitrification process. Fernández, FJ; Rodríguez, L; Villaseñor, J, 2007)	0.34
" Males were dosed for a total of 44 days beginning 14 days before mating."	( Screening study for repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of rubber accelerator, N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, in rats. Ema, M; Hirose, A; Ito, Y; Kamata, E; Matsumoto, M, 2007)	0.34
"According to the fertilization mathematic model, the optimum fertilization dosage should be primarily defined as N: 22."	( [Effects of N P K on yield and baicalin contents of Scutellaria baicalensis]. Liu, Y; Wang, JY; Wang, WQ; Zhang, Y, 2007)	0.34
" The aim of the present study was to investigate the dose-response effects of Ca intake on Ca and bone metabolism with a dietary P intake higher than recommended."	( Increased calcium intake does not completely counteract the effects of increased phosphorus intake on bone: an acute dose-response study in healthy females. Kärkkäinen, MU; Karp, HJ; Kemi, VE; Laitinen, KA; Lamberg-Allardt, CJ, 2008)	0.35
" Dose-response experiments in primary cells confirmed pathway selectivity, but importantly also revealed differential inhibition of cell types and new druggability trends across multiple compounds."	( High-content single-cell drug screening with phosphospecific flow cytometry. Clutter, MR; Crane, JM; Krutzik, PO; Nolan, GP, 2008)	0.35
"001), and allowed a 22% reduction in vitamin D dosage in patients receiving vitamin D at baseline."	( The OPTIMA study: assessing a new cinacalcet (Sensipar/Mimpara) treatment algorithm for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Bos, WJ; Bouman, K; Braun, J; Brink, H; Carter, D; Frazão, JM; Graf, H; Locatelli, F; Macário, F; Maduell, F; Messa, P; Molemans, B; Reichel, H; Saha, H; Torregrosa, V; von Albertini, B; Wilkie, M; Yaqoob, M; Zani, VJ, 2008)	0.35
" In the current study, membrane fouling and ortho-P removal were explored in hybrid adsorbent/membrane systems dosed with alum and/or a new aluminum-based adsorbent (heated aluminum oxide particles, HAOPs)."	( Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and foulants in a hybrid coagulation/membrane filtration system. Benjamin, MM; Deng, Q; Kim, J, 2008)	0.35
" Better control of secondary hyperparathyroidism allowed us to decrease the paracalcitol dosage in 6 of the 12 patients who had been treated with this drug at the beginning of the study."	( Marked improvement in bone metabolism parameters after increasing the dialysate calcium concentration from 2.5 to 3 mEq/L in nonhypercalcemic hemodialysis patients. Garrigós Almerich, E; Molina Vila, P; Peris Domingo, A; Sánchez Pérez, P, 2008)	0.35
" Third, oral adenine dosing for induction of hyperphosphataemia and validation as a model using Sev were examined."	( Comparison of chronic renal failure rats and modification of the preparation protocol as a hyperphosphataemia model. Mizukami, K; Okada, M; Terai, K, 2008)	0.35
" Oral adenine dosing induced hyperphosphataemia by 12 days, and Sev treatment was inhibitory."	( Comparison of chronic renal failure rats and modification of the preparation protocol as a hyperphosphataemia model. Mizukami, K; Okada, M; Terai, K, 2008)	0.35
"Oral dosing with adenine made the model preparation period definitely shorter, and its usefulness as a hyperphosphataemia model was revealed using Sev."	( Comparison of chronic renal failure rats and modification of the preparation protocol as a hyperphosphataemia model. Mizukami, K; Okada, M; Terai, K, 2008)	0.35
" Teriparatide, synthetic parathyroid hormone(1-34), in a dosage of 20 microg subcutaneously was given daily from April 2004 until June 2006."	( Treatment of adult hypophosphatasia with teriparatide. Camacho, PM; Kadanoff, R; Painter, S, 2008)	0.35
" In the experiment, the success of the weeds ability to grow under the influence of NPK, NPK + FYM* and NPK + straw treatments was compared, and the effect of increasing Nitrogen dosing on weediness was studied."	( Survey of weed composition befor maize sowing in long-term fertilization experiment. Kismányoky, A; Lehoczky, E, 2007)	0.34
"In a diverse population of hemodialysis patients, we compared mean serum creatinine concentrations in black versus nonblack patients, adjusting for case mix (age, gender, diabetes, and dialysis vintage), body size (height, weight), laboratory parameters of nutritional status (albumin, predialysis blood urea nitrogen, transferrin, phosphorus, glucose), dialysis dosage (urea reduction ratio), and parameters of bioelectrical impedance (resistance and reactance), proxies for body composition."	( Higher serum creatinine concentrations in black patients with chronic kidney disease: beyond nutritional status and body composition. Chertow, GM; Hsu, CY; Hsu, J; Johansen, KL; Kaysen, GA, 2008)	0.35
" Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) was greater for cows dosed with 25-OH (119."	( Blood mineral, hormone, and osteocalcin responses of multiparous Jersey cows to an oral dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or vitamin D3 before parturition. Herbein, JH; Knowlton, KF; McGilliard, ML; Seymour, WM; Taylor, MS, 2008)	0.35
" The total dosage of calcitriol during the study was comparable in both groups."	( Intravenous calcitriol therapy in an early stage prevents parathyroid gland growth. Hirakata, H; Iida, M; Taniguchi, M; Tokumoto, M; Tsuruya, K, 2008)	0.35
" Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (Mg group), in which patients were given magnesium citrate orally at a dosage of 610 mg every other day for 2 months and group B (control group), in which patients received only calcium acetate therapy as a phosphate binder."	( Magnesium supplementation helps to improve carotid intima media thickness in patients on hemodialysis. Akcay, A; Covic, A; Kanbay, M; Metin, MR; Turgut, F; Uz, E, 2008)	0.35
" Patients and physicians reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction with reformulated lanthanum carbonate compared with previous phosphate binders, partly because of reduced tablet burden with higher dosage strengths."	( Higher strength lanthanum carbonate provides serum phosphorus control with a low tablet burden and is preferred by patients and physicians: a multicenter study. Anger, M; Fishbane, S; Martin, KJ; Mehrotra, R; Sprague, SM; Zeig, S, 2008)	0.35
" Experiments show that significant savings in chemical cost could be achieved by vigorously mixing the added chemical at the point of dosage and, if conditions allow, providing a longer contact time between the metal hydroxide flocs and the phosphate content of the wastewater."	( Significance of design and operational variables in chemical phosphorus removal. Daigger, GT; Licskó, I; Murthy, S; Smith, S; Szabó, A; Takács, I, 2008)	0.35
" This study was conducted to observe the bone density of maintenance dialysis patients and to evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety of different administration dosage of salmon calcitonin to prevent osteoporosis in maintenance dialysis patients."	( Salmon calcitonin in prevention of osteoporosis in maintenance dialysis patients. Li, H; Wang, SX, 2008)	0.35
" The recent long-term results demonstrate that reliable bio-P can be achieved in full-scale wastewater treatment plants without dosing metal salts."	( The secret to achieving reliable biological phosphorus removal. Thomas, MP, 2008)	0.35
" In an ovariectomized mouse osteoporotic model, at an oral dosage of 110."	( Synthesis, evaluation and 3D QSAR analysis of novel estradiol-RGD octapeptide conjugates with oral anti-osteoporosis activity. Liu, J; Peng, S; Zhang, X; Zhao, M, 2009)	0.35
"Sludge biogas potential is often reduced by iron-dosing, the extent of the reduction being related to the nature of the sludge and the dosing process."	( A novel laboratory method to determine the biogas potential of iron-dosed activated sludge. Carliell-Marquet, CM; Smith, JA, 2009)	0.35
" We aimed to characterize adult patients who received cinacalcet prescriptions and to determine (1) dosage titration and effects on laboratory values, active intravenous vitamin D use, and phosphate binder prescriptions and (2) percentage who achieved National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative targets for serum parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus and experienced biochemical adverse effects."	( Cinacalcet use patterns and effect on laboratory values and other medications in a large dialysis organization, 2004 through 2006. Arko, C; Block, GA; Li, Q; Liu, J; Nieman, K; Persky, M; St Peter, WL, 2009)	0.35
" Over 12 mo, vitamin D use and use consistency increased, phosphate binder dosages increased, and mean cinacalcet daily dosage reached 55 mg."	( Cinacalcet use patterns and effect on laboratory values and other medications in a large dialysis organization, 2004 through 2006. Arko, C; Block, GA; Li, Q; Liu, J; Nieman, K; Persky, M; St Peter, WL, 2009)	0.35
" Positive effects were less dramatic than in Phase III clinical trials, possibly as a result of modest, slow dosage titration."	( Cinacalcet use patterns and effect on laboratory values and other medications in a large dialysis organization, 2004 through 2006. Arko, C; Block, GA; Li, Q; Liu, J; Nieman, K; Persky, M; St Peter, WL, 2009)	0.35
" The aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of dosing different types of industrial wastewater on the denitrification capability of process biomass originating from the "Wschod" WWTP in Gdansk (northern Poland)."	( Industrial wastewater as an external carbon source for optimization of nitrogen removal at the Wschod WWTP in Gdansk (Poland). Chrzanowska, M; Czerwionka, K; Makinia, J; Swinarski, M, 2009)	0.35
"6 mg-P was removed by 1 g of the alum sludge at a P concentration of 360 mg-P/l and a dosage of 5 g/l."	( Phosphorus removal in laboratory-scale unvegetated vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland systems using alum sludge as main substrate. Babatunde, AO; Zhao, YQ, 2009)	0.35
" Sludge collected from Bhalswa waste dump, New Delhi, was used as heavy metal source and dosed in different proportions viz."	( Heavy metal uptake and its effect on macronutrients, chlorophyll, protein, and peroxidase activity of Paspalum distichum grown on sludge-dosed soils. Heavy metal uptake and its effect on P. distichum. Banerjee, DK; Bhattacharya, T; Chakraborty, S, 2010)	0.36
"13microgl(-1) for a worst-case Phoslock dosage of 250mgl(-1)."	( Effects of lanthanum and lanthanum-modified clay on growth, survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna. Lürling, M; Tolman, Y, 2010)	0.36
" The use of a high urine dosage reduced the efficiency of phosphate removal but increased the amount of removed phosphate."	( Phosphate removal from source separated urine by electrocoagulation using iron plate electrodes. Kong, HN; Li, Y; Wang, C; Wu, DY; Ye, HR; Zheng, XY, 2009)	0.35
"20 mg P/L in the supernatant of the sewage sludge while the organic polymer dosage for the conditioning of the mixed sludges would also be significantly reduced."	( Two strategies for phosphorus removal from reject water of municipal wastewater treatment plant using alum sludge. Babatunde, AO; Kearney, P; Yang, Y; Zhao, YQ, 2009)	0.35
" Two series of experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitammin D(3) (calcitriol) in supraphysiological dosage in combination with varying alimentary Ca supply."	( Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in sheep fed diets either adequate or restricted in calcium content. Breves, G; Mrochen, N; Schröder, B; Wilkens, MR, 2010)	0.36
" However no consistent differences between routes of administration, frequencies of dosing or vitamin D preparations have been demonstrated."	( Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease. Craig, JC; Geary, DF; Hodson, EM, 2010)	0.36
" VDR agonists effectively treat SHPT and vitamin D deficiency, but dosing needs to be optimized for each patient because the patient responds in an individualized manner to treatment to suppress and stabilize PTH levels."	( Control of secondary hyperparathyroidism by vitamin D receptor agonists in chronic kidney disease. Coyne, D; Sprague, SM, 2010)	0.36
" 3g/L of Ca(OH) (2) is a proper dosage for the simultaneous removal."	( Simultaneous removal of ammonia, P and COD from anaerobically digested piggery wastewater using an integrated process of chemical precipitation and air stripping. Quan, X; Wang, F; Xiang, J; Xiong, Y; Ye, C, 2010)	0.36
" There was a reduction in the dosage and in the number of patients who were treated with paricalcitol and sevelamer."	( Cholecalciferol supplementation in hemodialysis patients: effects on mineral metabolism, inflammation, and cardiac dimension parameters. Aires, I; Amaral, T; Borges, M; Cortez, J; Ferreira, A; Ferreira, C; Gil, C; Jorge, C; Matias, PJ, 2010)	0.36
" It allows reduction of vitamin D deficiency, better control of mineral metabolism with less use of active vitamin D, attenuation of inflammation, reduced dosing of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and possibly improvement of cardiac dysfunction."	( Cholecalciferol supplementation in hemodialysis patients: effects on mineral metabolism, inflammation, and cardiac dimension parameters. Aires, I; Amaral, T; Borges, M; Cortez, J; Ferreira, A; Ferreira, C; Gil, C; Jorge, C; Matias, PJ, 2010)	0.36
" Calcium and non-calcium phosphate binders as well as cinacalcet usage and dosage were significantly reduced in elderly patients, with a trend towards lower active vitamin D derivatives usage."	( Mineral and bone disease pattern in elderly haemodialysis patients. Bouchet, JL; Drueke, T; Fouque, D; London, G; Pelletier, S; Roth, H, 2010)	0.36
" It was found that birds fed a high (12,500 FTU) dosage of phytase grew faster (P<0."	( The effect on performance, energy metabolism and hepatic carotenoid content when phytase supplemented diets were fed to broiler chickens. Acamovic, T; Bedford, MR; Karadas, F; Pappas, A; Pirgozliev, V, 2010)	0.36
" The bone density of the dosed groups was significantly increased and TRAP-stained osteoclasts in bone tissue sections were almost inhibited."	( Inhibition of the osteoclast activity with the application of recombinant murine RANK protein. Tang, P; Wang, Y; Xu, M; Zhang, L, 2010)	0.36
" The model was used to optimise FeCl(3) dosing in a real wastewater collection and treatment system."	( Iron salts dosage for sulfide control in sewers induces chemical phosphorus removal during wastewater treatment. Gutierrez, O; Park, D; Sharma, KR; Yuan, Z, 2010)	0.36
" The reasons claimed by patients for their negative ratings of PB were the type of dosage form, the taste, the number of tablets and gastric intolerance."	( [Phosphorus binders: preferences of patients on haemodialysis and its impact on treatment compliance and phosphorus control]. Álvarez-Ude, F; Arenas, MD; Gil, MT; Malek, T; Moledous, A; Reig-Ferrer, A, 2010)	0.36
"Hyperphosphatemia is not an expected consequence of dosing with amphotericin B formulations."	( Erroneous determination of hyperphosphatemia ('pseudohyperphosphatemia') in sera of patients that have been treated with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome). Bunch, TH; Jensen, GM; Laybourne, S; Wolf, S, 2010)	0.36
" Dynamic experiments using laboratory reactors were carried out to study the effect of phosphate influent concentration, PMS dosage and feed flow rate on phosphate removal and a kinetic model was used to determine the phosphate mass transfer coefficients."	( Phosphate mine wastes reuse for phosphorus removal from aqueous solutions under dynamic conditions. Anane, M; Bousselmi, L; Jellali, S; Riahi, K; Wahab, MA, 2010)	0.36
" Repeat dosing is indicated for uric acid levels >4 mg/dL determined ≥12 hours following the initial dose."	( Fixed-dose rasburicase 6 mg for hyperuricemia and tumor lysis syndrome in high-risk cancer patients. Shanholtz, CB; Thompson, JL; Vines, AN, 2010)	0.36
" Subsequent TLS monitoring over 7 days after initial dosing was recorded."	( Fixed-dose rasburicase 6 mg for hyperuricemia and tumor lysis syndrome in high-risk cancer patients. Shanholtz, CB; Thompson, JL; Vines, AN, 2010)	0.36
"0001) with 2 patients requiring repeat dosing before day 3 (n = 34)."	( Fixed-dose rasburicase 6 mg for hyperuricemia and tumor lysis syndrome in high-risk cancer patients. Shanholtz, CB; Thompson, JL; Vines, AN, 2010)	0.36
" Here we report applications of CSI to marine samples and describe a technique to study in vivo glycine metabolism in oysters using ¹³C MRS 12 h after immersion in a sea water chamber dosed with [2-¹³C]-glycine."	( Applications of chemical shift imaging to marine sciences. Lee, H; Macdonald, JM; Stoskopf, MK; Tikunov, A, 2010)	0.36
" A reactor with an external filtration system was capable of removing over 90% of phosphorus with a low magnesium dosage (1."	( Low-cost struvite production using source-separated urine in Nepal. Etter, B; Khadka, R; Tilley, E; Udert, KM, 2011)	0.37
" Higher calcite dosage was found to be favorable for the prevention of P release from the sediments using the ABS."	( Evaluation of sediment capping with active barrier systems (ABS) using calcite/zeolite mixtures to simultaneously manage phosphorus and ammonium release. Lin, J; Zhan, Y; Zhu, Z, 2011)	0.37
" In this study, we exposed an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor, operated for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), to a simulated influenza-pandemic dosing of antibiotics and antivirals for 8 weeks."	( Pandemic pharmaceutical dosing effects on wastewater treatment: no adaptation of activated sludge bacteria to degrade the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and loss of nutrient removal performance. Barr, JJ; Bond, PL; Singer, AC; Slater, FR; Turner, S, 2011)	0.37
"A study on the influence of chemical dosing on biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal was carried out through batch experimental tests by lab-scale and a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (employing a typical anaerobic-anoxic-oxic treatment)."	( Inhibition of chemical dose in biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal in simultaneous chemical precipitation for phosphorus removal. He, M; Hou, Y; Li, W; Liu, Y; Shi, H, 2011)	0.37
" They were entirely turned into deposit phosphorus when the coagulant dosage was above 10 mg x L(-1)."	( [Effects of polymer aluminum hydrolysis on phosphorus distribution in coagulation]. Jiao, RY; Liu, HL; Wang, RJ; Wang, XW; Zhao, X, 2011)	0.37
" The use of secondary treated wastewater showed the presence of competition phenomenon between phosphorus and sulphate which could be overcoming with increasing the sorptive surface area and providing more adsorption sites when increasing the adsorbent dosage of POF."	( Removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution by Posidonia oceanica fibers using continuous stirring tank reactor. Ben Hassine, R; Jellali, S; Wahab, MA, 2011)	0.37
" Dosage of the AMD and initial pH of water are the two most important parameters affecting the performance of phosphorus removal of the AMD."	( Phosphorus removal performance of acid mine drainage from wastewater. Bo, L; Lin, Z; Ruihua, L; Tao, T, 2011)	0.37
" Data were categorized and analyzed by the type of phosphate binder prescribed, vitamin D use, and dosing and reimbursement criteria for the phosphate binder, sevelamer."	( Mineral metabolism management in Canadian peritoneal dialysis patients. Beard, KM; Cournoyer, SH; Da Roza, GA; Geary, DF; Mendelssohn, DC; Soroka, SD, 2011)	0.37
" Above ground wheat biomass from a 21-day early growth bioassay was adopted as the response variable and the dose-response relationships were modelled using the three-parameter sigmoid equation."	( Modelling arsenic toxicity in wheat: simultaneous application of diffusive gradients in thin films to arsenic and phosphorus in soil. Condron, LM; McLaren, RG; Mojsilovic, O, 2011)	0.37
"1 x dosage had sufficient adelgids to possibly sustain predators over extended periods."	( Effects of fertilizer and low rates of imidacloprid on Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). Braman, SK; Byrne, FJ; Hanula, JL; Joseph, SV, 2011)	0.37
" Patients received 6 months of compassionate treatment with cinacalcet, which was initiated at a dose of 30 mg/day orally and flexibly dosed thereafter based on iPTH levels."	( Efficacy and safety of cinacalcet for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease before initiation of regular dialysis. Cornago, I; Gallardo, I; García-Ledesma, P; Hernando, A; Martinez, I; Montenegro, J; Muñoz, RI; Romero, MA, 2012)	0.38
" In this work, experiments were carried out to evaluate struvite precipitation in the anaerobically digested swine wastewater, with dosing bittern as a low-cost magnesium source."	( Recovering phosphorus as struvite from the digested swine wastewater with bittern as a magnesium source. Chen, SH; Lin, LF; Lu, M; Shi, JW; Wang, SM; Ye, ZL, 2011)	0.37
" This dosage should be provided to all subjects who avoid sunlight, as well as to those aged over 65 because of their slower skin synthesis of vitamin D and for its proven anti-fracture and anti-fall effects."	( [Vitamin D supplementation in adults--guidelines]. Horst-Sikorska, W; Ignaszak-Szczepaniak, M; Marcinowska-Suchowierska, E; Sewerynek, E; Tałałaj, M; Walicka, M, 2010)	0.36
"9 W m(-3) were obtained if simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen was required through dosing with 620 mg L(-1) of PO(4)(3-)-P in the MAP process."	( Nutrient removal and energy production in a urine treatment process using magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation and a microbial fuel cell technique. Li, WW; Sheng, GP; Shi, C; Tong, ZH; Yu, HQ; Zang, GL; Zeng, RJ, 2012)	0.38
" Dosing antiretroviral agents with kidney metabolism should be adjusted when eGFR is bellow 50 mL/min/1."	( [Kidney and HIV infection]. Lescure, FX; Plaisier, E; Ronco, P, 2012)	0.38
" Feed supplementation for two weeks with approximately 2-20% of this dosage (i."	( Tolerability and efficacy of the intestinal phosphate binder Lantharenol® in cats. Delport, PC; Dribusch, U; Gropp, JM; Schmidt, BH; van der Staay, FJ, 2012)	0.38
" The objective of this research is to minimise the risk on the inhibition of denitrification by phosphorus limitation and to decrease the dosage of coagulant."	( Minimising the risk on phosphorus limitation; an optimised coagulant dosage system. Bechger, M; Menkveld, HW; Scherrenberg, SM; van der Graaf, JH, 2011)	0.37
" Changing the filter-bed configuration or decreasing the coagulant dosage can prevent limitation of the denitrifying process because of a phosphorous shortage."	( Investigating phosphorus limitation in a fixed bed filter with phosphorus and nitrogen profile measurements. Menkveld, HW; Neef, R; Scherrenberg, SM; van der Graaf, JH; van Nieuwenhuijzen, AF, 2012)	0.38
"Chemicals are often dosed to control the production and accumulation of hydrogen sulfide in sewers."	( Integrated modelling of sewer system and wastewater treatment plant for investigating the impacts of chemical dosing in sewers. Corrie, S; Sharma, KR; Yuan, Z, 2012)	0.38
" Dosing of iron sulphate to enrich the bottom sediment with iron and dosing of aluminium salts to the inlet water resulted in less growth of phytoplankton, but treatment performance was not significantly affected."	( Improved urban stormwater treatment and pollutant removal pathways in amended wet detention ponds. Arias, CA; Brix, H; Hvitved-Jacobsen, T; Istenič, D; Nielsen, AH; Vollertsen, J; Wium-Andersen, T, 2012)	0.38
"8%, respectively) were the highest when the consortium was added at the dosing amount of 100 mg/L after treatment for 10 days."	( [Research on the isolation of denitrifying bacteria from domestic wastewater and its capability of removing nutrient salt from eutrophic water body]. Guo, T; Li, J; Qin, M; Wang, L, 2012)	0.38
" 25-OH-vit D replacement in patients on haemodialysis (HD), in which dosage has not yet been clearly established, is becoming a constant in our daily practice."	( On-line haemodiafiltration improves response to calcifediol treatment. Albalate, M; Alcázar, R; Corchete, E; de Sequera, P; Ortega, M; Pérez-García, R; Puerta, M, 2012)	0.38
" Increased acetate dosage under anaerobic conditions led to higher phosphate release and increased PHA storage by PAOs and, also, to greater phosphate uptake rates under the following aerobic and/or anoxic conditions."	( Comparison between aerobic and anoxic metabolism of denitrifying-EBPR sludge: effect of biomass poly-hydroxyalkanoates content. Aivasidis, A; Kapagiannidis, AG; Zafiriadis, I, 2013)	0.39
" When the PAFC dosage increased, the concentration of Al3+ in EPS increased during the whole anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic cycle."	( [Effect of polymeric aluminum-iron on EPS and bio-flocculation in A2/O system]. Chen, ZQ; Liu, AC; Lü, BN; Shi, HC; Wen, QX, 2012)	0.38
" Prescription patterns were defined based on cinacalcet administration (starting or not) and VDRA dosage change (decreased [<-25%], stable [-25% to 25%], or increased [>25%])."	( Prescription patterns and mineral metabolism abnormalities in the cinacalcet era: results from the MBD-5D study. Akizawa, T; Fukagawa, M; Fukuhara, S; Fukuma, S; Hasegawa, T; Kurokawa, K; Onishi, Y; Yamaguchi, T, 2012)	0.38
"LC effectively reduced the serum phosphate level (like CaC) and allowed the vitamin D analogue dosage to be increased without hypercalcemia in HD patients."	( Effect of lanthanum carbonate vs. calcium carbonate on serum calcium in hemodialysis patients: a crossover study. Chiyotanda, S; Fujimoto, S; Fukudome, K; Kitamura, K; Sato, Y; Toida, T; Yamada, K, 2012)	0.38
" Ytterbium-labeled corn silage and Co-EDTA were dosed to the rumen 4 times daily as particulate and liquid phase markers, respectively, to measure ileal digesta flow."	( Disappearance of infused phytate from the large intestine of dairy heifers. Knowlton, KF; Pearson, RE; Ray, PP; Shang, C, 2012)	0.38
" The results showed that: there were not significant differences in the denitrification rate, COD and NO3(-) -N removal efficiency between the control reactor and the denitrification reactor with the dosage of 20 mg x L(-1) Fe after 14 days' domestication."	( [Iron chloride for simultaneous denitrification and chemical-biological flocculation process]. Dong, WY; Han, GC; Liu, LS; Wang, HJ, 2012)	0.38
" The development of drug-CD complexes as solids allows for potential advantages in dosage form design, such as the preparation of layered formulations, and it also can yield improvements in chemical and physical stability."	( 2D solid-state NMR analysis of inclusion in drug-cyclodextrin complexes. Strohmeier, M; Vogt, FG, 2012)	0.38
" Depending on the processes used at a given WWTP, optimizing chemically enhanced clarification to increase the amount of PO(4)-P that remains in the clarifiers effluent stream, dosing phosphoric acid in the MBBR or BAF influent stream, and/or optimizing secondary process EBPR may overcome phosphorus rate-limitations in the biofilm-based post-denitrification process."	( Method to identify potential phosphorus rate-limiting conditions in post-denitrification biofilm reactors within systems designed for simultaneous low-level effluent nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Boltz, JP; Daigger, GT; deBarbadillo, C; Morgenroth, E; Murthy, S; Stinson, B; Sørensen, KH, 2012)	0.38
" The percentage of patients in whom there was a 30% decrease in serum iPTH levels by the end of the dosing was higher in cinacalcet group than that in control group(OR = 10."	( Effects and safety of calcimimetics in end stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a meta-analysis. Chen, J; Gu, Y; Hao, C; Li, H; Li, M; Ni, L; You, L; Zhang, Q, 2012)	0.38
" No significant changes were found in the dosage of calcium carbonate and active vitamin D during 6 months."	( Effect of combining different calcium concentration dialysate on calcium balance in peritoneal dialysis patients. Lu, LX; Qiao, J; Wang, M; Wu, B; Wu, XL; Zhao, HP, 2012)	0.38
" The cells were harvested via cost-effective chitosan flocculation with multiple dosing (3 times) applying established chitosan:cell ratio (1:300 w/w) and pH control (6."	( A strategy for urban outdoor production of high-concentration algal biomass for green biorefining. Chen, CL; Lim, CY; Wang, JY, 2013)	0.39
"Many articles have been published on coagulant dosing in membrane bioreactors, though few have been long-term studies examining the treatment of real wastewater."	( Influence of phosphorus precipitation on permeability and soluble microbial product concentration in a membrane bioreactor. Dvořák, L; Gómez, M; Holba, M; Růžičková, I; Sýkorová, E; Wanner, J, 2013)	0.39
" To increase the availability of reactive (dithionite extractable) Fe for P binding, our Fe dosage calculation considers Fe in surplus."	( Redox sensitivity of iron in phosphorus binding does not impede lake restoration. Herzog, C; Hupfer, M; Kleeberg, A, 2013)	0.39
" Within less than two years he had reproduced lamsiekte by exposing cattle with natural bone-craving to rotten carcass material, had chemical proof that the grazing was phosphorus-deficient, had developed a satisfactory bonemeal prophylactic dosage programme, and the bacterial toxin concerned - perhaps the trickiest contribution - had been produced in culture."	( Lamsiekte (botulism): solving the aetiology riddle. Bigalke, RD, 2012)	0.38
" Paricalcitol was dosed according to parathyroid hormone (PTH): 1mg/day for patients with PTH < 500 pg/ml, and 2mg/day for those with higher PTH levels."	( Paricalcitol reduces proteinuria but does not modify peritoneal protein loss in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Coronel-Aguilar, D; Fernández-Viña, A; González-Díaz, I; Núñez-Moral, M; Peláez-Requejo, B; Quintana-Fernández, A; Rodríguez-Suárez, C; Sánchez-Álvarez, JE, 2013)	0.39
" This trial was designed as a dose-response and efficacy trial."	( Dose-response and efficacy of ferric citrate to treat hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients: a short-term randomized trial. Anger, M; Blumenthal, SS; Chang, IJ; Dwyer, JP; Kaplan, M; Koury, MJ; Lewis, JB; Schulman, G; Sika, M; Smith, M; Zeig, S, 2013)	0.39
"Primary outcome is dose-response of ferric citrate on serum phosphorus level; secondary outcomes are safety and tolerability."	( Dose-response and efficacy of ferric citrate to treat hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients: a short-term randomized trial. Anger, M; Blumenthal, SS; Chang, IJ; Dwyer, JP; Kaplan, M; Koury, MJ; Lewis, JB; Schulman, G; Sika, M; Smith, M; Zeig, S, 2013)	0.39
" Variables in the study were time, aluminium dosage and pH."	( Long term in-line sludge storage in wastewater treatment plants: the potential for phosphorus release. Eikum, AS; Johannessen, E; Krogstad, T, 2012)	0.38
" To enhance compliance, we evaluated effectiveness of post-dialysis dosing of cinacalcet (group AD) as compared to daily home administration (group D) in a prospective randomized trial of HD patients with refractory SHPT."	( A prospective randomized pilot study on intermittent post-dialysis dosing of cinacalcet. Abbachi, F; Abouchacra, S; Bernsen, R; Chaaban, A; Gebran, N; Haq, N; Hassan, M; Khan, I, 2014)	0.4
"Although daily dosing overall was more effective for treatment of SHPT, dialysis dosing was effective in patients with less severe SHPT."	( A prospective randomized pilot study on intermittent post-dialysis dosing of cinacalcet. Abbachi, F; Abouchacra, S; Bernsen, R; Chaaban, A; Gebran, N; Haq, N; Hassan, M; Khan, I, 2014)	0.4
" The raw wastewater, pre-treated in a septic tank, was intermittently dosed and filtered under hydrostatic pressure."	( Performance of innovative textile biofilters for domestic wastewater treatment. Błazejewski, R; Nawrot, T; Spychała, M, )	0.13
" A uniform design method was thus employed in this study to further optimize H2O2 dosage by investigating effects of pH and H2O2 dosage on the amount of H2O2 residue and releases of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus."	( Optimization of H2O2 dosage in microwave-H2O2 process for sludge pretreatment with uniform design method. Wang, Y; Wei, Y; Xiao, Q; Yan, H; Zeng, F; Zheng, X, 2012)	0.38
" The dosage of vitamin D and cinacalcet remained without significant change."	( Improvement of MBD parameters in dialysis patients by a switch to, and combined use of lanthanum carbonate: Josai Dialysis Forum collaborative study. Ando, R; Chida, Y; Shinoda, T; Suzuki, T; Tagawa, H; Takagi, M; Tanaka, Y; Yamasaki, M, 2013)	0.39
" The Sev dosage immediately before the switch was 1857 ± 1325 mg/day, and the La dosage 8 weeks after the switch was 821 ± 301 mg/day."	( Effects of switch from sevelamer hydrochloride to lanthanum carbonate on serum K and bone metabolic turnover. Hirose, M; Ishida, Y; Izumiya, Y; Ota, S, 2013)	0.39
" The general LC dosage form is a chewable pharmaceutical preparation."	( Additional reduction in serum phosphorus levels by pulverized lanthanum carbonate chewable in hemodialysis patients. Kabaya, T; Mitsuhashi, T; Miyajima, S; Nitta, K; Ogawa, T; Ohba, T; Otsuka, K; Shizuku, J; Takahashi, M; Takahashi, N; Yamashita, T, 2013)	0.39
" Faster separation and higher phosphorus recovery was achieved when operating at pH 4 with dosing times of at least 1h."	( Understanding colloidal FeSx formation from iron phosphate precipitation sludge for optimal phosphorus recovery. Freguia, S; Keller, J; Likosova, EM; Poussade, Y; Rozendal, RA, 2013)	0.39
"05 mg/L-800 mg/L phosphorus concentrations with a dosage of 20 g/L."	( Batch investigations on P immobilization from wastewaters and sediment using natural calcium rich sepiolite as a reactive material. Fan, C; Kong, M; Yin, H, 2013)	0.39
" azteca aqueous survival decreased within the first 48 h of dosing at 10- and 20-m distances during PO and nutrients + pesticides treatments in association with permethrin concentrations."	( Responses of phytoplankton and Hyalella azteca to agrichemical mixtures in a constructed wetland mesocosm. Lizotte, RE; Locke, MA; Steinriede, RW; Testa, S, 2013)	0.39
" This study examined efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of selective vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol."	( Efficacy and initial dose determination of paricalcitol for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese subjects. Amdahl, M; Chen, N; Huang, Z; Jiang, G; Khan, S; Li, X; Lin, H; Liu, L; Qian, J; Wang, M; Xing, C; Yan, Y; Yu, X; Zuo, L, 2014)	0.4
"Both EU and US PI paricalcitol dosing strategies effectively reduced iPTH levels in Chinese subjects with SHPT, with minimal impact on Ca and P levels."	( Efficacy and initial dose determination of paricalcitol for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese subjects. Amdahl, M; Chen, N; Huang, Z; Jiang, G; Khan, S; Li, X; Lin, H; Liu, L; Qian, J; Wang, M; Xing, C; Yan, Y; Yu, X; Zuo, L, 2014)	0.4
" After one year of hydraulic dosing with a synthetic wastewater, soil total carbon and nitrogen concentrations increased, but no increase in soil total phosphorus concentration was observed."	( Impact of a real-time controlled wastewater subsurface drip disposal system on the selected chemical properties of a vertisol. AbdelGadir, AH; Arriaga, FJ; Dougherty, M; Hea, J, )	0.13
" In the UK, food additives are estimated to contribute 29% of the domestic load; automatic dishwashing detergents contribute 9% and potentially increasing; domestic laundry 14%, including contributions from phosphonates, but decreasing; phosphorus dosing to reduce lead levels in tap water 6%; food waste disposed of down the drain 1%; and personal care products 1%."	( Domestic source of phosphorus to sewage treatment works. Blackwood, D; Comber, S; Gardner, M; Georges, K; Gilmour, D, )	0.13
" According to HD duration, no rHuEPO group had the longest and the low rHuEPO dosage group had the shortest duration."	( rHuEPO hyporesponsiveness and related high dosages are associated with hyperviscosity in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Bal, Z; Bay, M; Erkmen Uyar, M; Ilhan, O; Saglam, H; Sezer, S; Toprak, SK; Tutal, E, 2013)	0.39
"We suggest that the hyperviscous state of the hemodialysis patients may arise from the inflammatory situation of long term HD, the calcium-phosphorus mineral abnormalities, rHuEPO hyporesponsiveness, and related high dosage requirements."	( rHuEPO hyporesponsiveness and related high dosages are associated with hyperviscosity in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Bal, Z; Bay, M; Erkmen Uyar, M; Ilhan, O; Saglam, H; Sezer, S; Toprak, SK; Tutal, E, 2013)	0.39
" For adequate nutrition and supply of optimum dry weight, struvite ×2 dosage (5."	( Optimization of struvite fertilizer formation from baker's yeast wastewater: growth and nutrition of maize and tomato plants. Demir, S; Eraslan, F; Kucukyumuk, Z; Sayilgan, E; Uysal, A, 2014)	0.4
"A series of laboratory-scale experiments for examining the feasibility and suitability of using Fe(2+) as the precipitant dosed in the pre-denitrification stage of a modified BAF process employing simultaneous chemical precipitation of TSS and phosphorus were carried out."	( Enhanced synergistic denitrification and chemical precipitation in a modified BAF process by using Fe2+. Dong, W; Li, T; Liu, T; Wang, H, 2014)	0.4
" The NH4(+)-N in the synthetic runoff was shown to be removed by adsorption during the stormwater dosing and nitrification during subsequent dry days, as well as through uptake by plants."	( Removal of chemical oxygen demand and dissolved nutrients by a sunken lawn infiltration system during intermittent storm events. Hou, L; Li, M; Yang, H, 2014)	0.4
"05 for both dosing strata) at Weeks 8, 16 and 28."	( Paricalcitol- or cinacalcet-centred therapy affects markers of bone mineral disease in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism receiving haemodialysis: results of the IMPACT-SHPT study. Cozzolino, M; Goldsmith, D; Ketteler, M; Khan, S; Martin, KJ; Sharma, A, 2014)	0.4
" Lake water was dosed with AgNPs (carboxy-functionalized capping agent; ∼10-nm particle size; ∼20% Ag w/w) at four different concentrations and five P concentrations and incubated in situ for 3 days."	( Interactive effects of silver nanoparticles and phosphorus on phytoplankton growth in natural waters. Das, P; Metcalfe, CD; Xenopoulos, MA, 2014)	0.4
" Reference line Bd21-3 was grown in pots using 11 phosphorus and 11 nitrogen concentrations to establish a dose-response curve."	( Digital imaging approaches for phenotyping whole plant nitrogen and phosphorus response in Brachypodium distachyon. Chochois, V; Furbank, RT; Poiré, R; Sirault, XR; Vogel, JP; Watt, M, 2014)	0.4
"The solubility of inorganic calcium and phosphate in parenteral solutions can be complicated in pediatrics due to the dosing of calcium and phosphorus at the saturation point."	( Physical Compatibility of Sodium Glycerophosphate and Calcium Gluconate in Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Solutions. Anderson, C; MacKay, M, 2015)	0.42
" Analysis of the concentration of iron(II) in the supernatant indicated that phosphorus was mainly removed via adsorption to amorphous iron oxyhydroxides particles in both dosing scenarios."	( Removal of phosphorus from wastewaters using ferrous salts - a pilot scale membrane bioreactor study. Leslie, G; Tng, KH; Waite, TD; Wang, Y; Wu, H, 2014)	0.4
" Twenty biofilter columns were monitored over a 12-month period of dosing with semi-synthetic stormwater."	( Co-optimisation of phosphorus and nitrogen removal in stormwater biofilters: the role of filter media, vegetation and saturated zone. Cook, PL; Fletcher, TD; Glaister, BJ; Hatt, BE, 2014)	0.4
" During anoxic conditions 20mgNO3(-)-NL(-1) were dosed into IFAS-1 and 20mgNO2(-)-NL(-1) were dosed into IFAS-2."	( Selection of denitrifying phosphorous accumulating organisms in IFAS systems: comparison of nitrite with nitrate as an electron acceptor. Jabari, P; Munz, G; Oleszkiewicz, JA, 2014)	0.4
" In this study, of 22 patients on maintenance dialysis who had been administered calcium (Ca) carbonate in our hospital, we investigated the dosage amount of vitamin D3 preparations after the phosphorus (P) binder was switched from Ca carbonate to the newly developed lanthanum carbonate (LC)."	( Increase in the dosage amount of vitamin D3 preparations by switching from calcium carbonate to lanthanum carbonate. Hida, M; Hyodo, T; Ishii, D; Iwamura, M; Kawakami, J; Kurata, Y; Mikami, N; Wakai, H; Yoshida, K, 2014)	0.4
"Maintenance dialysis patients at our hospital who had been receiving lanthanum carbonate (LC) chewable tablets were switched to the same dosage of the granules, and the differences in serum phosphorus (P) levels were compared, together with stratifying patients at the baseline characteristics."	( Is granular formulation of lanthanum carbonate more effective than chewable tablets? Haruhara, K; Kamejima, S; Kanzaki, G; Mafune, H; Manabe, M; Mashiko, H; Okamoto, H; Yokoo, T, 2014)	0.4
" Regarding the results after switching to bixalomer and starting treatment using the same dosage as the dosage previously used for sevelamer hydrochloride, there were many cases that showed increasing P concentrations that required increasing the dosage of bixalomer, the dosage after switching was increased significantly (P=0."	( Effects of switching from sevelamer hydrochloride to bixalomer on laboratory parameters in hemodialysis patients. Furukawa, K; Ikawa, T; Kato, K; Takahashi, J; Ueno, M; Yokoi, S; Yokouchi, S, 2014)	0.4
" In our study, for 21 cases of maintenance hemodialysis patients undergoing treatment with sevelamer hydrochloride at our hospital, the P binder was switched from sevelamer hydrochloride to the same dosage of bixalomer, and the concentrations of serum P, corrected calcium (Ca) and whole parathyroid hormone (PTH) before and one month after the switch were compared."	( Clinical effects of the new phosphorus binder, bixalomer in hemodialysis patients switched from sevelamer hydrochloride. Gen, S; Ikeda, N; Nobe, K; Nodaira, Y; Saito, K; Sasaki, T, 2014)	0.4
" The initial dosage of bixalomer was set as 1500 mg/day for new administration patients and dosage equivalent to that of the previously-used P binder for patients who were switched to bixalomer."	( Clinical experiences of bixalomer usage at our hospital. Ban, A; Funao, K; Furumitsu, Y; Hata, K; Inoue, K; Makino, R; Okamura, M; Shima, H; Sugita, S; Yoshimoto, M, 2014)	0.4
" The results showed that the lowest NH4(+)-N concentration was found in the D2 digester after 2nd day dosing treatment and 38."	( Disinhibition of the ammonium nitrogen in autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion for sewage sludge by chemical precipitation. Xu, C; Yuan, H; Zhu, N, 2014)	0.4
" The secondary objective was to compare rates of pseudohyperphosphatemia at the higher and lower amphotericin B dosage levels."	( Pseudohyperphosphatemia in children treated with liposomal amphotericin B. Carter, SM; Hagemann, TM; Johnson, PN; Miller, JL; Miller, MM, 2014)	0.4
" Although no factors were found to predict pseudohyperphosphatemia, on average, patients who developed the abnormality were significantly older and heavier and received a significantly higher absolute initial dosage of amphotericin B liposome than those who did not develop the condition."	( Pseudohyperphosphatemia in children treated with liposomal amphotericin B. Carter, SM; Hagemann, TM; Johnson, PN; Miller, JL; Miller, MM, 2014)	0.4
" When extra phosphate was dosed to the wastewater, a 95."	( Growth of Tetraselmis suecica in a tubular photobioreactor on wastewater from a fish farm. Michels, MH; Vaskoska, M; Vermuë, MH; Wijffels, RH, 2014)	0.4
" There was no correlation between lithemia, usage time and dosage of LC."	( Evaluation of parathyroid function and mineral metabolism in psychiatric patients using lithium salts. Aguiar-Oliveira, MH; Campos Neto, IA; Oliveira, TC; Pereira, Fde A, 2014)	0.4
" In this study, high density microbubble layers combined with micro-flocculation was adopted to remove algae from urban landscape water, and the effects of pressure, hydraulic loading, microbubble layer height and flocculation dosage on the removal efficiency for algae were studied."	( Algae separation from urban landscape water using a high density microbubble layer enhanced by micro-flocculation. Chen, S; Huang, X; Li, G; Liu, J; Wei, Q; Xu, J, 2014)	0.4
" The EC process was optimized for iron dose delivery by changing the electrical current, electrode spacing and the reactor contact time, and a comparison was made with conventional ferric dosing through jar testing."	( Removal of phosphorus from trickling filter effluent by electrocoagulation. Dotro, G; Jarvis, P; Jefferson, B; Stafford, B; Vale, P, )	0.13
"8%, respectively, using a polyaluminium chloride dosage of 50 mg L⁻¹."	( Enhanced physicochemical-biological sewage treatment process in cold regions. Jia, C; Jiang, Y; Xu, G; Zhang, Z, 2014)	0.4
" Pilot trials with real wastewater yield an extraction of 70-80% of total chemical oxygen demand into the sludge while dosing 15-20 mg/L Al and 5-7 mg/L polymer with stable operation of the microsieve and effluent limits below 2-3 mg/L total phosphorus."	( Proof of concept for a new energy-positive wastewater treatment scheme. Boulestreau, M; Lesjean, B; Remy, C, 2014)	0.4
"The effect of continuously dosing membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with ferric chloride (Fe(III)) and ferrous sulphate (Fe(II)) on phosphorus (P) removal and membrane fouling is investigated here."	( Effect of ferric and ferrous iron addition on phosphorus removal and fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. Leslie, GL; Waite, TD; Wang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2015)	0.42
"5-7), and applied coagulant dosage (ferric sulphate) (35-100 mg/L)."	( Chemical treatment response to variations in non-point pollution water quality: results of a factorial design experiment. Heiderscheidt, E; Kløve, B; Leiviskä, T, 2015)	0.42
" Batch studies indicated that NCAP700 could effectively reduce sediment mobile P (P mobile) in various types of lake sediment, and the dosage equation required to immobilize P mobile was developed accordingly."	( Reduction of sediment internal P-loading from eutrophic lakes using thermally modified calcium-rich attapulgite-based thin-layer cap. Kong, M; Yin, H, 2015)	0.42
"A dynamic physico-chemical model for chemical phosphorus removal in wastewater is presented as a tool to optimize chemical dosing simultaneously while ensuring compliant effluent phosphorus concentration."	( A dynamic physicochemical model for chemical phosphorus removal. Daigger, GT; Hauduc, H; Murthy, S; Smith, S; Spérandio, M; Szabo, A; Takács, I, 2015)	0.42
" Super high dosing with phytase (20,000 FTU/kg) further increased (P < 0."	( Super High Dosing with a Novel Buttiauxella Phytase Continuously Improves Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Mineral Status of Weaned Pigs. Li, Q; Piao, X; Tian, Q; Xu, X; Yu, S; Zeng, Z; Zhao, P, 2015)	0.42
" The effects of using no chemical, dosing sole Fe(2+), and dosing combined Fe(2+), PAM, and NaHCO3 in the pre-denitrification tank were assessed by monitoring COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal and hydraulic headloss development in the BAF column."	( A modified BAF system configuring synergistic denitrification and chemical phosphorus precipitation: Examination on pollutants removal and clogging development. Dong, W; Li, T; Liu, T; Wang, H, 2015)	0.42
" Effects of several parameters such as initial phosphorus concentration, temperature, BOF-slag size, initial pH, and BOF-slag dosage on phosphorus removal kinetics were measured in detail."	( Removal kinetics of phosphorus from synthetic wastewater using basic oxygen furnace slag. Han, C; Wang, Z; Xue, X; Yang, H, 2015)	0.42
"Iron dosing of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is widely used as a means of meeting effluent phosphorus targets but there is limited understanding of the nature of iron and phosphorus-containing solids that are formed within the bioreactor (an important issue in view of the increasing interest in recovering phosphorus from wastewaters)."	( Iron and phosphorus speciation in Fe-conditioned membrane bioreactor activated sludge. Ikeda-Ohno, A; Waite, TD; Wang, Y; Wu, H, 2015)	0.42
"Phosphate dosing of drinking water supplies, coupled with leakage from distribution networks, represents a significant input of phosphorus to the environment."	( Isotopic Fingerprint for Phosphorus in Drinking Water Supplies. Ascott, MJ; Bennett, SA; Gooddy, DC; Heaton, TH; Lapworth, DJ; Surridge, BW, 2015)	0.42
" A dosage of 20 mg/l BF-OU5 initiated more than 92."	( Characterization and flocculability of a novel proteoglycan produced by Talaromyces trachyspermus OU5. Fang, D; Shi, C, 2016)	0.43
" The mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUCn ) for each dosing interval increased proportionally with increases in KRN23 dose."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a human monoclonal anti-FGF23 antibody (KRN23) in the first multiple ascending-dose trial treating adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia. Carpenter, TO; Glorieux, FH; Humphrey, J; Imel, EA; Insogna, K; Ito, T; Klausner, MA; Peacock, M; Portale, AA; Ruppe, MD; Vergeire, M; Weber, TJ; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.43
" Reactors were dosed with 100 and 500 mg L(-1) of P-PO4."	( Influence of Typha domingensis in the removal of high P concentrations from water. Bonetto, CA; Di Luca, GA; Hadad, HR; Maine, MA; Mufarrege, MM, 2015)	0.42
" Whether substitution of native vitamin D in these patients is beneficial is a matter of ongoing discussion, as is the optimal dosing schedule."	( Efficacy and safety of body weight-adapted oral cholecalciferol substitution in dialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency. Lhotta, K; Mündle, M; Sprenger-Mähr, H; Zitt, E, 2015)	0.42
"The dosing regimen of oral cholecalciferol supplementation with 100 IU per kg body weight per week for 26 weeks in dialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency causes a significant increase in 25OHD3 close to the supposed target level of 30 ng/mL and a significant reduction in iPTH, without affecting serum calcium or phosphorous levels."	( Efficacy and safety of body weight-adapted oral cholecalciferol substitution in dialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency. Lhotta, K; Mündle, M; Sprenger-Mähr, H; Zitt, E, 2015)	0.42
" Flotation scum recycling may contribute to improving the quality of treated water and reducing treatment costs by minimizing the coagulant dosage required."	( Enhanced phosphorus removal in the DAF process by flotation scum recycling for advanced treatment of municipal wastewater. Kwak, DH; Lee, KC, 2015)	0.42
" In order to determine the changes that had occurred in the sediments as a result of the addition of the clay, we measured the vertical distribution of lanthanum in the collected cores, calculated La:P ratios of the different sediment layers and used the ratios to determine whether or not the applied dosage was sufficient."	( Analysis of the La:P ratio in lake sediments - Vertical and spatial distribution assessed by a multiple-core survey. Epe, TS; Yasseri, S, 2016)	0.43
" Ibandronate (IBN) is a highly potent, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, which is administered orally or intravenously at extended dosing intervals."	( Treatment with the combination of ibandronate plus eldecalcitol has a synergistic effect on inhibition of bone resorption without suppressing bone formation in ovariectomized rats. Bauss, F; Endo, K; Hashimoto, J; Sakai, S; Shimizu, M; Shimonaka, Y; Sugimoto, M; Takeda, S; Yogo, K, 2015)	0.42
"The effects of poly aluminum chloride (PACl) dosing positions on the performance of a pilot scale anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor were investigated."	( Effects of poly aluminum chloride dosing positions on the performance of a pilot scale anoxic/oxic-membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR). Bai, L; Ding, A; Guo, S; Guo, W; Li, G; Liang, H; Ngo, HH; Qu, F, 2015)	0.42
" Different alum dosing methods led to between 4 and 20+ (modeled) years of water quality improvements in these lakes after treatment and only one of the four lakes continues to meet water quality goals approximately 25 years after the project started."	( In-lake measures for phosphorus control: The most feasible and cost-effective solution for long-term management of water quality in urban lakes. Futter, M; Huser, BJ; Lee, JT; Perniel, M, 2016)	0.43
" Both protein and carbohydrate in the fermentation liquid increased with the dosage of NaCl, and it provided a larger amount of organic compounds for the production of the VFAs."	( Enhanced volatile fatty acids production of waste activated sludge under salinity conditions: Performance and mechanisms. Peng, Y; Su, G; Wang, S; Yuan, Z, 2016)	0.43
" The effect of Fenton agent dosage on the COD and phosphorus removal and the variation of the dissolved organic matter characteristics during the treatment process were investigated."	( [Treatment of Petrochemical Treatment Plant Secondary Effluent by Fenton Oxidation]. Chen, XM; Dong, B; Wang, Y; Wu, CY; Zhang, X; Zhou, YX, 2015)	0.42
"Effects of reaction time, initial phosphorus concentration, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF-slag) dosage and size, and temperature on the phosphorus removal capacities (PRCs) of BOF-slag have been investigated in detail through batch tests."	( Investigation of the phosphorus removal capacities of basic oxygen furnace slag under variable conditions. Han, C; Wang, Z; Wu, Q; Xue, X; Yang, H; Yang, W, 2016)	0.43
" A cost-benefit analysis showed that relative to dosing FFS and disposing waterworks sludge to land, the 20 year WLC was halved by transporting acidified or unacidified sludge up to 80 km for reuse in wastewater treatment."	( Acidified and ultrafiltered recovered coagulants from water treatment works sludge for removal of phosphorus from wastewater. Jarvis, P; Judd, SJ; Keeley, J; Smith, AD, 2016)	0.43
" However, no consistent differences between routes of administration, frequencies of dosing or vitamin D preparations were demonstrated."	( Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease. Craig, JC; Hahn, D; Hodson, EM, 2015)	0.42
"Long-term flexible dosing with colestilan reduces serum phosphorus and demonstrates an acceptable safety and tolerability profile."	( Long-Term Evaluation of Colestilan in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 Dialysis Patients with Hyperphosphataemia. Dimkovic, N; Locatelli, F; Spasovski, G; Wanner, C, 2016)	0.43
" The contribution of leakage of phosphate dosed mains water should be considered in future source apportionment and ecosystem management."	( Estimating the leakage contribution of phosphate dosed drinking water to environmental phosphorus pollution at the national-scale. Ascott, MJ; Gooddy, DC; Lapworth, DJ; Stuart, ME, 2016)	0.43
"86 times, respectively, suggesting long-term dosing FNA may facilitate the denitrifying of polyphosphate in organisms utilizing nitrite as electron acceptor."	( [Long-Term Inhibition of FNA on Aerobic Phosphate Uptake and Variation of Phosphorus Uptake Properties of the Sludge]. Chen, YZ; Li, L; Ma, J; Sun, HW; Sun, LJ; Yu, XJ, 2015)	0.42
" Further, the faecal excretion of P increased significantly for cows with the highest zeolite A dosage (36."	( Effect of zeolite A on rumen fermentation and phosphorus metabolism in dairy cows. Flachowsky, G; Fürll, M; Grabherr, H; Grün, M; Hüther, L; Lebzien, P; Spolders, M, 2009)	0.35
" The effects of carbon-to-sulfur (C/S) mass ratio and nitrate (N) dosage were investigated through two batch tests to reveal the role of wastewater compositions in DS-EBPR performance."	( Effects of carbon-to-sulfur (C/S) ratio and nitrate (N) dosage on Denitrifying Sulfur cycle-associated Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (DS-EBPR). Chen, GH; Hao, X; Lu, H; Meng, F; Wang, Y; Wu, D; Yu, M; Zhao, Q, 2016)	0.43
" It was interesting to find that the relationship between water inflow and nutrient assimilative capacity in a plant-dominated wetland satisfied a dose-response relationship commonly describing the response of an organism to an external stressor in the medical field."	( Hydrological management for improving nutrient assimilative capacity in plant-dominated wetlands: A modelling approach. Cai, Y; Sun, T; Xu, Z; Yang, Z; Yin, X, 2016)	0.43
" Due to the availability of new dosages during the 6-year time period of the study, the dose could be and was adjusted for most patients to a daily dosing regimen."	( Therapy of Hypoparathyroidism With PTH(1-84): A Prospective Six Year Investigation of Efficacy and Safety. Bilezikian, JP; Costa, AG; Cremers, S; Cusano, NE; Delgado, Y; Dworakowski, E; Fan, WW; Rubin, MR; Zhang, C, 2016)	0.43
"Understanding the behavior of tablet disintegrants is valuable in the development of pharmaceutical solid dosage formulations."	( Correlation of Phosphorus Cross-Linking to Hydration Rates in Sodium Starch Glycolate Tablet Disintegrants Using MRI. Abraham, A; Good, D; Ilott, AJ; Jerschow, A; Mantri, RV; Mcnamara, D; Murphy, D; Olusanmi, D, 2016)	0.43
" P1BS is essential and has a dosage effect for activating expression of the gene under Pi deficiency, while the element AtMyb4 possesses a dual function: one is to enhance AtSPX3 expression in roots under Pi deficiency, and the other one is to repress AtSPX3 expression in shoots under both Pi deficiency and sufficiency."	( Characterization of the AtSPX3 Promoter Elucidates its Complex Regulation in Response to Phosphorus Deficiency. Fan, H; Li, Y; Ling, HQ; Wu, H; Zhao, T, 2016)	0.43
" By introducing chemically enhanced primary treatment and dosing with cationic polymer only, SS removal could be controlled and increased to >80%."	( Microsieving in primary treatment: effect of chemical dosing. Cimbritz, M; la Cour Jansen, J; Väänänen, J, )	0.13
" However, struvite and newberyite (HMgPO4·3H2O) were the predominant species precipitated from synthetic brackish waters after dosing MgCl2."	( Struvite crystallization under a marine/brackish aquaculture condition. Hu, J; Spanjers, H; van Lier, JB; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.43
" Dose-response studies with leachate/runoff samples using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos showed that mortality and developmental defects typically did not occur even at the highest concentration tested, indicating low toxicity, although delayed development did occur."	( Characterization of wood mulch and leachate/runoff from three wood recycling facilities. Giménez, D; Kannepalli, S; Krogmann, U; Miskewitz, R; Strom, PF; Subroy, V, 2016)	0.43
" We hypothesize that vivianite is dominating in most plants where iron is dosed for phosphorus removal which could offer new routes for phosphorus recovery."	( Vivianite as an important iron phosphate precipitate in sewage treatment plants. Dugulan, AI; Goubitz, K; Korving, L; Mandalidis, A; Temmink, H; Van Loosdrecht, MCM; Wilfert, P; Witkamp, GJ, 2016)	0.43
"According to our study, calcitriol in equal dosage is more effective than alfacalcidol in lowering serum PTH level in chronic hemodialysis patients."	( Conversion of oral alfacalcidol to oral calcitriol in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic hemodialysis patients. Bell, RZ; Bezzaoucha, S; Desforges, K; Lafrance, JP; Lamarche, C; Leblanc, M; Lepage, L; Ouellet, G; Ouimet, D; Pichette, V; Rauscher, S; Vallee, M, 2017)	0.46
" Clarke) has been used by Unani physicians since ancient times in retention of urine, renal and bladder calculi, nephritis and other associated disorders in different dosage forms."	( Antilithiatic effect of Peucedanum grande C. B. Clarke in chemically induced urolithiasis in rats. Bano, H; Husain, S; Jahan, N; Kumar, BN; Makbul, SA; Sofi, G; Wadud, A, 2016)	0.43
"3 mg/dL) at the end of the titration phase with cinacalcet at a dosage of up to 75 mg three times a day."	( Cinacalcet hydrochloride relieves hypercalcemia in Japanese patients with parathyroid cancer and intractable primary hyperparathyroidism. Katagiri, M; Miura, D; Nakashima, N; Ohishi, H; Shimazaki, R; Takahashi, S; Takeuchi, Y; Tominaga, Y, 2017)	0.46
" The often required dosage of 25(OH)VitD is reasonably not necessary to initiate VitD supplementation protocol in this vulnerable population."	( Vitamin D Supplementation in Nursing Home Residents: Randomized Single Cholecalciferol Loading Protocol vs. Individualized Loading Dose Regimen. Delomas, C; Hertzog, M; Lang, PO; Vogel, T, 2017)	0.46
" L19 were combined dosing with the dosage of 2% in the process of sludge aerobic digestion, compared with the control, digestion rates of TOC and MLSS were increased about 19% and 16%, respectively."	( Strengthen effects of dominant strains on aerobic digestion and stabilization of the residual sludge. Gao, M; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Zhang, A, 2017)	0.46
" The effect of pH, contact time and dosage of absorbants on the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphate were studied."	( Study on the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus from biogas slurry by NaCl-modified zeolite. Chen, S; Cheng, Q; Deng, F; Li, H; Li, J; Liao, Y; Xu, Y, 2017)	0.46
"Scoping studies were designed whereby double-crested cormorants (Phalacocorax auritus) were dosed with artificially weathered Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil either daily through oil injected feeder fish, or by application of oil directly to feathers every three days."	( Changes in white cell estimates and plasma chemistry measurements following oral or external dosing of double-crested cormorants, Phalacocorax auritus, with artificially weathered MC252 oil. Bursian, SJ; Cacela, D; Carney, MW; Cunningham, FL; Dean, KM; Dorr, B; Hanson-Dorr, KC; Harr, KE; Healy, KA; Horak, KE; Link, JE; Lipton, I; McFadden, AK; McKernan, MA, 2017)	0.46
" This, together with the fact that the electrochemical method can work at low bulk pH, without dosing chemicals and a need for a separation process, highlights the potential application of the electrochemical method for P removal and recovery."	( Electrochemical Induced Calcium Phosphate Precipitation: Importance of Local pH. Buisman, CJN; Lei, Y; Saakes, M; Song, B; van der Weijden, RD, 2017)	0.46
" After equipment commissioning and parameter optimization for applications in the field of engineering, the device was found to effectively remove total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, chemical oxygen demand, and turbidity in water by controlling the coagulant dosage and adjusting the gas-liquid mixing pump parameters."	( Full-scale dissolved air flotation (DAF) equipment for emergency treatment of eutrophic water. Ji, M; Tian, Z; Wang, C, 2018)	0.48
" Furthermore, the relatively high concentration of the buffer requires a higher dosage concentration of oxidizing agent (K2S2O8) for digestion than that specified in ISO 6878, which, together with the NaOH dosage, is matched to each buffer."	( Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method. Minke, R; Raith-Bausch, E; Reinhardt, T; Rott, E; Wasielewski, S, 2018)	0.48
" The control and chemo groups were maintained without treatment, and the chemo-SrR group was intragastrically administered strontium ranelate at a dosage of 900 mg/kg/day."	( Therapeutic Effect of Strontium Ranelate on Bone in Chemotherapy-Induced Osteopenic Rats via Increased Bone Volume and Reduced Bone Loss. Li, S; Pei, Y; Qiu, E; Shang, G; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Zhang, X; Zheng, K, 2019)	0.51
" The increase of phosphogypsum dosage had a close correlation with the release of phosphate ions."	( The Influence of Phosphogypsum Addition on Phosphorus Release in Biochemical Treatment of Sewage Sludge. Balintova, M; Chernysh, Y; Demcak, S; Holub, M; Plyatsuk, L, 2018)	0.48
" Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity at different conditions: pH, temperature, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time."	( Adsorption of phosphorus from slaughterhouse wastewater by carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan loaded with lanthanum. Chen, Y; He, Y; Lin, X; Luo, X; Zhang, X; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.48
" We then dosed the flumes with gradients of six common stressors (increased temperature, taxa extinctions, sedimentation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and road salt) and monitored periphyton structure and function."	( Ranking stressor impacts on periphyton structure and function with mesocosm experiments and environmental-change forecasts. Cardinale, BJ; Costello, DM; Kulacki, KJ; McCarthy, ME; Tiegs, SD, 2018)	0.48
" The optimum dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus used in different precipitation patterns was studied using the binary quadratic regression equation, which could provide a basis for fertilization of wheat in Loess Plateau."	( Effect of long-term fertilization on wheat yield under different precipitation patterns. Fu, W; Hao, M; Li, XZ; Liu, ZZ; Wang, Z; Zhao, J, 2018)	0.48
" After with dosing AMC, the concentrations of SRP and labile P in the capping layer both dropped abruptly to low levels and the content of Al-P in surface sediments rose, suggesting that AMC had strongly adsorbed phosphates, formed inert Al-P and blocked the phosphate exchange between pore water and overlying water."	( Assessment on the effects of aluminum-modified clay in inactivating internal phosphorus in deep eutrophic reservoirs. Chen, J; Chen, Q; Jin, Z; Wang, J; Yang, H; Yu, P; Zeng, Y, 2019)	0.51
" The optimal dosage of in-situ ozonation for long-term MBR operation was firstly determined as 5 mg/L (0."	( Comparison of long-term ceramic membrane bioreactors without and with in-situ ozonation in wastewater treatment: Membrane fouling, effluent quality and microbial community. Li, J; Ren, B; Tang, S; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z, 2019)	0.51
"Our study revealed that body mass index, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase positively correlated with year since menopause while calcium and vitamin D were negatively correlated suggesting for a medical supervision of hormonal changes and periodic dosing of calcium and vitamin D among post-menopausal women to reduce the problem of bone health."	( Correlates of Biochemical Markers of Bone turnover among Post-Menopausal Women. Acharya, D; Gautam, R; Khadka, B; Kharel, K; Pathak, NP; Sharma, S; Timalsina, B; Tiwari, ML, )	0.13
"74 mg/mL when initial P concentration was 25 mg/L and dosage of MAEX was 8 mL/L."	( Adsorption and regeneration characteristics of phosphorus from sludge dewatering filtrate by magnetic anion exchange resin. Li, M; Song, M, 2019)	0.51
"Ferrous dosing is used to reduce phosphorus concentration and alleviate polymeric membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR)."	( Fe(II)-dosed ceramic membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment: Nutrient removal, microbial community and membrane fouling analysis. Li, C; Ren, B; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z, 2019)	0.51
" PB treatment, number of pills, serum phosphorus levels, and intravenous iron medication and dosage were collected monthly during the six months of treatment with either PB or SO."	( Effectiveness of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in patients on on-line hemodiafiltration in real-world clinical practice: A retrospective study. Aniceto, J; Ferreira, A; Navarro, D; Neves, PL; Pinto, B; Ponce, P, )	0.13
" Dosing of ENPs often causes acute microbial nitrogen removal inhibition at various concentrations, but does not influence long-term operation due to microbial adaption."	( Impact of engineered nanoparticles on microbial transformations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in wastewater treatment processes - A review. Brix, H; Button, M; Konnerup, D; Wu, H; Wu, S, 2019)	0.51
" Approximately 83% and 14% of Fe was present as iron phosphates in the samples prepared in the laboratory with Fe(III) dosed to a phosphate solution and lab-scale secondary effluent, respectively."	( Fractionation and identification of iron-phosphorus compounds in sewage sludge. Li, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, B, 2019)	0.51
"Increasing the dosage of organic fertilizer and increasing the dose of inorganic P fertilizer increased the availability of nutrient phosphorus."	( Phosphate Fertilization Efficiency Improvement with the Use of Organic Fertilizer and its Effect on Soybean Plants in Dry Land. Ralle, A; Sabahannur, S; Subaedah, S, 2019)	0.51
" The influence of the medium composition, sludge retention time (SRT), polyphosphate content of the biomass (poly-P), nitrate dosing approach, and minimal aerobic SRT on potential nitrate reduction were studied."	( "Candidatus Accumulibacter delftensis": A clade IC novel polyphosphate-accumulating organism without denitrifying activity on nitrate. Abbas, B; Albertsen, M; Brdjanovic, D; Lopez-Vazquez, CM; Nielsen, PH; Rubio-Rincón, FJ; van Loosdrecht, MCM; Weissbrodt, DG; Welles, L, 2019)	0.51
" We show that dosing of ferrihydrite, once biological P uptake reached its limit, enabled effective ongoing P removal; whereas conventional conditions in the anaerobic chamber of the University of Cape Town (UCT) system (i."	( Inducing in Situ Crystallization of Vivianite in a UCT-MBR System for Enhanced Removal and Possible Recovery of Phosphorus from Sewage. Cheng, X; Dang, Y; Deng, S; Holmes, DE; Liu, J; Qiu, B; Tian, J; Waite, TD, 2019)	0.51
" seed material, magnesium dosage and pH) and sources of variation on phosphorus removal efficiency (e."	( Phosphorus recovery through struvite crystallisation: Recent developments in the understanding of operational factors. Boiarkina, I; Huang, HM; Huang, YF; Li, B; Wang, GQ; Young, BR; Yu, W, 2019)	0.51
"This study examined the dynamics of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) transformations from the surface sludge accumulated in tertiary horizontal flow (HF) treatment wetlands (TW) chemically dosed for P removal."	( The role of concentrations gradients on phosphorus and iron dynamics from chemically-dosed horizontal flow wetlands for tertiary sewage treatment. Barak, J; Dotro, G; Jefferson, B, 2019)	0.51
" Dosing of N and P did not induce dramatic changes in the fouling microbial community growing on the membrane surface."	( Balancing carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in seawater as a strategy to prevent accelerated membrane biofouling. Huang, S; Jiang, S; Voutchkov, N, 2019)	0.51
" Effects of pyrolysis temperature, solution pH, the dosage of adsorbent, ambient temperature on phosphate adsorption were also investigated."	( Phosphogypsum as a novel modifier for distillers grains biochar removal of phosphate from water. Gao, B; Lee, X; Li, L; Lian, G; Liu, T; Wang, B; Zhang, X; Zheng, Y, 2020)	0.56
" Coagulant results demonstrated that the optimum PACl dosage of 100 mg/L resulted in the effective concentration of 73% of organic matter and 90% of P from wastewater into sludge."	( Alkaline fermentation promotes organics and phosphorus recovery from polyaluminum chloride-enhanced primary sedimentation sludge. Chen, Y; Huang, J; Lin, H; Shen, N; Wang, G; Yan, W, 2019)	0.51
" A lab-scale experiment was conducted to simulate P reallocation in particles during sediment resuspension by periodically dosing the system with P and/or organic carbon."	( Enrichment of bioavailable phosphorus in fine particles when sediment resuspension hinders the ecological restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes. Buyang, S; Cui, H; Yi, Q; Zhang, S, 2020)	0.56
" Dosing polluted water with oxygen releasing compounds (ORCs), especially those that can remove excessive nutrients simultaneously is regarded as one of the most economical and eco-friendly methods of treating eutrophic waters."	( A novel magnesium-based oxygen releasing compound for eutrophic water remediation. Li, Z; Sun, P; Yang, Y; Zhang, R, 2020)	0.56
" In addition, the selective killing effect only occurred within a certain dosage range (named "SK range" in this study)."	( ROS-Mediated Selective Killing Effect of Black Phosphorus: Mechanistic Understanding and Its Guidance for Safe Biomedical Applications. Chen, G; Fan, T; Farokhzad, OC; Ji, X; Kong, N; Liang, W; Sun, X; Tao, W; Wang, J; Xie, A; Zhang, H, 2020)	0.56
" In addition, effects of the dosage of ferric chloride and contact time on the release of phosphorus from sediments were investigated."	( Effect of ferric chloride on phosphorus immobilization and speciation in Dianchi Lake sediments. Chen, J; Jiang, F; Li, S; Lin, Z; Liu, M; Wang, S; Yang, X, 2020)	0.56
" This study provided a microbiological basis for the SCPR system to recover the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) performance under suitable conditions, which could reduce the dosage of chemical reagents and the operational cost."	( Investigation of the polyphosphate-accumulating organism population in the full-scale simultaneous chemical phosphorus removal system. Guo, Y; Jiao, E; Meng, Q; Peng, Y; Wang, B; Zeng, W; Zhang, L, 2020)	0.56
" Investigations on chemical dosage minimization, energy reclamation and process optimization are suggested to reduce the process's operating cost in the future."	( Persulfate oxidation for alternative sludge treatment and nutrient recovery: An assessment of technical and economic feasibility. Guo, G; Huang, H; Li, B; Li, J; Tang, S; Zhao, N, 2020)	0.56
" When conditioned to obtain optimal dosages from dose-response surfaces given constant weather, soil and land management conditions, some disagreements occurred between models."	( Site-specific machine learning predictive fertilization models for potato crops in Eastern Canada. Cambouris, AN; Coulibali, Z; Parent, SÉ, 2020)	0.56
"Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634)."	( Abbasi, S; Abd El-Wahab, A; Abdallah, M; Abebe, G; Aca-Aca, G; Adama, S; Adefegha, SA; Adidigue-Ndiome, R; Adiseshaiah, P; Adrario, E; Aghajanian, C; Agnese, W; Ahmad, A; Ahmad, I; Ahmed, MFE; Akcay, OF; Akinmoladun, AC; Akutagawa, T; Alakavuklar, MA; Álava-Rabasa, S; Albaladejo-Florín, MJ; Alexandra, AJE; Alfawares, R; Alferiev, IS; Alghamdi, HS; Ali, I; Allard, B; Allen, JD; Almada, E; Alobaid, A; Alonso, GL; Alqahtani, YS; Alqarawi, W; Alsaleh, H; Alyami, BA; Amaral, BPD; Amaro, JT; Amin, SAW; Amodio, E; Amoo, ZA; Andia Biraro, I; Angiolella, L; Anheyer, D; Anlay, DZ; Annex, BH; Antonio-Aguirre, B; Apple, S; Arbuznikov, AV; Arinsoy, T; Armstrong, DK; Ash, S; Aslam, M; Asrie, F; Astur, DC; Atzrodt, J; Au, DW; Aucoin, M; Auerbach, EJ; Azarian, S; Ba, D; Bai, Z; Baisch, PRM; Balkissou, AD; Baltzopoulos, V; Banaszewski, M; Banerjee, S; Bao, Y; Baradwan, A; Barandika, JF; Barger, PM; Barion, MRL; Barrett, CD; Basudan, AM; Baur, LE; Baz-Rodríguez, SA; Beamer, P; Beaulant, A; Becker, DF; Beckers, C; Bedel, J; Bedlack, R; Bermúdez de Castro, JM; Berry, JD; Berthier, C; Bhattacharya, D; Biadgo, B; Bianco, G; Bianco, M; Bibi, S; Bigliardi, AP; Billheimer, D; Birnie, DH; Biswas, K; Blair, HC; Bognetti, P; Bolan, PJ; Bolla, JR; Bolze, A; Bonnaillie, P; Borlimi, R; Bórquez, J; Bottari, NB; Boulleys-Nana, JR; Brighetti, G; Brodeur, GM; Budnyak, T; Budnyk, S; Bukirwa, VD; Bulman, DM; Burm, R; Busman-Sahay, K; Butcher, TW; Cai, C; Cai, H; Cai, L; Cairati, M; Calvano, CD; Camacho-Ordóñez, A; Camela, E; Cameron, T; Campbell, BS; Cansian, RL; Cao, Y; Caporale, AS; Carciofi, AC; Cardozo, V; Carè, J; Carlos, AF; Carozza, R; Carroll, CJW; Carsetti, A; Carubelli, V; Casarotta, E; Casas, M; Caselli, G; Castillo-Lora, J; Cataldi, TRI; Cavalcante, ELB; Cavaleiro, A; Cayci, Z; Cebrián-Tarancón, C; Cedrone, E; Cella, D; Cereda, C; Ceretti, A; Ceroni, M; Cha, YH; Chai, X; Chang, EF; Chang, TS; Chanteux, H; Chao, M; Chaplin, BP; Chaturvedi, S; Chaturvedi, V; Chaudhary, DK; Chen, A; Chen, C; Chen, HY; Chen, J; Chen, JJ; Chen, K; Chen, L; Chen, Q; Chen, R; Chen, SY; Chen, TY; Chen, WM; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cheng, G; Cheng, GJ; Cheng, J; Cheng, YH; Cheon, HG; Chew, KW; Chhoker, S; Chiu, WN; Choi, ES; Choi, MJ; Choi, SD; Chokshi, S; Chorny, M; Chu, KI; Chu, WJ; Church, AL; Cirrincione, A; Clamp, AR; Cleff, MB; Cohen, M; Coleman, RL; Collins, SL; Colombo, N; Conduit, N; Cong, WL; Connelly, MA; Connor, J; Cooley, K; Correa Ramos Leal, I; Cose, S; Costantino, C; Cottrell, M; Cui, L; Cundall, J; Cutaia, C; Cutler, CW; Cuypers, ML; da Silva Júnior, FMR; Dahal, RH; Damiani, E; Damtie, D; Dan-Li, W; Dang, Z; Dasa, SSK; Davin, A; Davis, DR; de Andrade, CM; de Jong, PL; de Oliveira, D; de Paula Dorigam, JC; Dean, A; Deepa, M; Delatour, C; Dell'Aiera, S; Delley, MF; den Boer, RB; Deng, L; Deng, Q; Depner, RM; Derdau, V; Derici, U; DeSantis, AJ; Desmarini, D; Diffo-Sonkoue, L; Divizia, M; Djenabou, A; Djordjevic, JT; Dobrovolskaia, MA; Domizi, R; Donati, A; Dong, Y; Dos Santos, M; Dos Santos, MP; Douglas, RG; Duarte, PF; Dullaart, RPF; Duscha, BD; Edwards, LA; Edwards, TE; Eichenwald, EC; El-Baba, TJ; Elashiry, M; Elashiry, MM; Elashry, SH; Elliott, A; Elsayed, R; Emerson, MS; Emmanuel, YO; Emory, TH; Endale-Mangamba, LM; Enten, GA; Estefanía-Fernández, K; Estes, JD; Estrada-Mena, FJ; Evans, S; Ezra, L; Faria de, RO; Farraj, AK; Favre, C; Feng, B; Feng, J; Feng, L; Feng, W; Feng, X; Feng, Z; Fernandes, CLF; Fernández-Cuadros, ME; Fernie, AR; Ferrari, D; Florindo, PR; Fong, PC; Fontes, EPB; Fontinha, D; Fornari, VJ; Fox, NP; Fu, Q; Fujitaka, Y; Fukuhara, K; Fumeaux, T; Fuqua, C; Fustinoni, S; Gabbanelli, V; Gaikwad, S; Gall, ET; Galli, A; Gancedo, MA; Gandhi, MM; Gao, D; Gao, K; Gao, M; Gao, Q; Gao, X; Gao, Y; Gaponenko, V; Garber, A; Garcia, EM; García-Campos, C; García-Donas, J; García-Pérez, AL; Gasparri, F; Ge, C; Ge, D; Ge, JB; Ge, X; George, I; George, LA; Germani, G; Ghassemi Tabrizi, S; Gibon, Y; Gillent, E; Gillies, RS; Gilmour, MI; Goble, S; Goh, JC; Goiri, F; Goldfinger, LE; Golian, M; Gómez, MA; Gonçalves, J; Góngora-García, OR; Gonul, I; González, MA; Govers, TM; Grant, PC; Gray, EH; Gray, JE; Green, MS; Greenwald, I; Gregory, MJ; Gretzke, D; Griffin-Nolan, RJ; Griffith, DC; Gruppen, EG; Guaita, A; Guan, P; Guan, X; Guerci, P; Guerrero, DT; Guo, M; Guo, P; Guo, R; Guo, X; Gupta, J; Guz, G; Hajizadeh, N; Hamada, H; Haman-Wabi, AB; Han, TT; Hannan, N; Hao, S; Harjola, VP; Harmon, M; Hartmann, MSM; Hartwig, JF; Hasani, M; Hawthorne, WJ; Haykal-Coates, N; Hazari, MS; He, DL; He, P; He, SG; Héau, C; Hebbar Kannur, K; Helvaci, O; Heuberger, DM; Hidalgo, F; Hilty, MP; Hirata, K; Hirsch, A; Hoffman, AM; Hoffmann, JF; Holloway, RW; Holmes, RK; Hong, S; Hongisto, M; Hopf, NB; Hörlein, R; Hoshino, N; Hou, Y; Hoven, NF; Hsieh, YY; Hsu, CT; Hu, CW; Hu, JH; Hu, MY; Hu, Y; Hu, Z; Huang, C; Huang, D; Huang, DQ; Huang, L; Huang, Q; Huang, R; Huang, S; Huang, SC; Huang, W; Huang, Y; Huffman, KM; Hung, CH; Hung, CT; Huurman, R; Hwang, SM; Hyun, S; Ibrahim, AM; Iddi-Faical, A; Immordino, P; Isla, MI; Jacquemond, V; Jacques, T; Jankowska, E; Jansen, JA; Jäntti, T; Jaque-Fernandez, F; Jarvis, GA; Jatt, LP; Jeon, JW; Jeong, SH; Jhunjhunwala, R; Ji, F; Jia, X; Jia, Y; Jian-Bo, Z; Jiang, GD; Jiang, L; Jiang, W; Jiang, WD; Jiang, Z; Jiménez-Hoyos, CA; Jin, S; Jobling, MG; John, CM; John, T; Johnson, CB; Jones, KI; Jones, WS; Joseph, OO; Ju, C; Judeinstein, P; Junges, A; Junnarkar, M; Jurkko, R; Kaleka, CC; Kamath, AV; Kang, X; Kantsadi, AL; Kapoor, M; Karim, Z; Kashuba, ADM; Kassa, E; Kasztura, M; Kataja, A; Katoh, T; Kaufman, JS; Kaupp, M; Kehinde, O; Kehrenberg, C; Kemper, N; Kerr, CW; Khan, AU; Khan, MF; Khan, ZUH; Khojasteh, SC; Kilburn, S; Kim, CG; Kim, DU; Kim, DY; Kim, HJ; Kim, J; Kim, OH; Kim, YH; King, C; Klein, A; Klingler, L; Knapp, AK; Ko, TK; Kodavanti, UP; Kolla, V; Kong, L; Kong, RY; Kong, X; Kore, S; Kortz, U; Korucu, B; Kovacs, A; Krahnert, I; Kraus, WE; Kuang, SY; Kuehn-Hajder, JE; Kurz, M; Kuśtrowski, P; Kwak, YD; Kyttaris, VC; Laga, SM; Laguerre, A; Laloo, A; Langaro, MC; Langham, MC; Lao, X; Larocca, MC; Lassus, J; Lattimer, TA; Lazar, S; Le, MH; Leal, DB; Leal, M; Leary, A; Ledermann, JA; Lee, JF; Lee, MV; Lee, NH; Leeds, CM; Leeds, JS; Lefrandt, JD; Leicht, AS; Leonard, M; Lev, S; Levy, K; Li, B; Li, C; Li, CM; Li, DH; Li, H; Li, J; Li, L; Li, LJ; Li, N; Li, P; Li, T; Li, X; Li, XH; Li, XQ; Li, XX; Li, Y; Li, Z; Li, ZY; Liao, YF; Lin, CC; Lin, MH; Lin, Y; Ling, Y; Links, TP; Lira-Romero, E; Liu, C; Liu, D; Liu, H; Liu, J; Liu, L; Liu, LP; Liu, M; Liu, T; Liu, W; Liu, X; Liu, XH; Liu, Y; Liuwantara, D; Ljumanovic, N; Lobo, L; Lokhande, K; Lopes, A; Lopes, RMRM; López-Gutiérrez, JC; López-Muñoz, MJ; López-Santamaría, M; Lorenzo, C; Lorusso, D; Losito, I; Lu, C; Lu, H; Lu, HZ; Lu, SH; Lu, SN; Lu, Y; Lu, ZY; Luboga, F; Luo, JJ; Luo, KL; Luo, Y; Lutomski, CA; Lv, W; M Piedade, MF; Ma, J; Ma, JQ; Ma, JX; Ma, N; Ma, P; Ma, S; Maciel, M; Madureira, M; Maganaris, C; Maginn, EJ; Mahnashi, MH; Maierhofer, M; Majetschak, M; Malla, TR; Maloney, L; Mann, DL; Mansuri, A; Marelli, E; Margulis, CJ; Marrella, A; Martin, BL; Martín-Francés, L; Martínez de Pinillos, M; Martínez-Navarro, EM; Martinez-Quintanilla Jimenez, D; Martínez-Velasco, A; Martínez-Villaseñor, L; Martinón-Torres, M; Martins, BA; Massongo, M; Mathew, AP; Mathews, D; Matsui, J; Matsumoto, KI; Mau, T; Maves, RC; Mayclin, SJ; Mayer, JM; Maynard, ND; Mayr, T; Mboowa, MG; McEvoy, MP; McIntyre, RC; McKay, JA; McPhail, MJW; McVeigh, AL; Mebazaa, A; Medici, V; Medina, DN; Mehmood, T; Mei-Li, C; Melku, M; Meloncelli, S; Mendes, GC; Mendoza-Velásquez, C; Mercadante, R; Mercado, MI; Merenda, MEZ; Meunier, J; Mi, SL; Michels, M; Mijatovic, V; Mikhailov, V; Milheiro, SA; Miller, DC; Ming, F; Mitsuishi, M; Miyashita, T; Mo, J; Mo, S; Modesto-Mata, M; Moeller, S; Monte, A; Monteiro, L; Montomoli, J; Moore, EE; Moore, HB; Moore, PK; Mor, MK; Moratalla-López, N; Moratilla Lapeña, L; Moreira, R; Moreno, MA; Mörk, AC; Morton, M; Mosier, JM; Mou, LH; Mougharbel, AS; Muccillo-Baisch, AL; Muñoz-Serrano, AJ; Mustafa, B; Nair, GM; Nakanishi, I; Nakanjako, D; Naraparaju, K; Nawani, N; Neffati, R; Neil, EC; Neilipovitz, D; Neira-Borrajo, I; Nelson, MT; Nery, PB; Nese, M; Nguyen, F; Nguyen, MH; Niazy, AA; Nicolaï, J; Nogueira, F; Norbäck, D; Novaretti, JV; O'Donnell, T; O'Dowd, A; O'Malley, DM; Oaknin, A; Ogata, K; Ohkubo, K; Ojha, M; Olaleye, MT; Olawande, B; Olomo, EJ; Ong, EWY; Ono, A; Onwumere, J; Ortiz Bibriesca, DM; Ou, X; Oza, AM; Ozturk, K; Özütemiz, C; Palacio-Pastrana, C; Palaparthi, A; Palevsky, PM; Pan, K; Pantanetti, S; Papachristou, DJ; Pariani, A; Parikh, CR; Parissis, J; Paroul, N; Parry, S; Patel, N; Patel, SM; Patel, VC; Pawar, S; Pefura-Yone, EW; Peixoto Andrade, BCO; Pelepenko, LE; Peña-Lora, D; Peng, S; Pérez-Moro, OS; Perez-Ortiz, AC; Perry, LM; Peter, CM; Phillips, NJ; Phillips, P; Pia Tek, J; Piner, LW; Pinto, EA; Pinto, SN; Piyachaturawat, P; Poka-Mayap, V; Polledri, E; Poloni, TE; Ponessa, G; Poole, ST; Post, AK; Potter, TM; Pressly, BB; Prouty, MG; 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Tseng, CH; Tu, H; Tu, YJ; Tung, SY; Turpault, S; Tuynman, JB; Uemoto, AT; Ugurlu, M; Ullah, S; Underwood, RS; Ungell, AL; Usandizaga-Elio, I; Vakonakis, I; van Boxel, GI; van den Beucken, JJJP; van der Boom, T; van Slegtenhorst, MA; Vanni, JR; Vaquera, A; Vasconcellos, RS; Velayos, M; Vena, R; Ventura, G; Verso, MG; Vincent, RP; Vitale, F; Vitali, S; Vlek, SL; Vleugels, MPH; Volkmann, N; Vukelic, M; Wagner Mackenzie, B; Wairagala, P; Waller, SB; Wan, J; Wan, MT; Wan, Y; Wang, CC; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, JF; Wang, K; Wang, L; Wang, M; Wang, S; Wang, WM; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, YD; Wang, YF; Wang, Z; Wang, ZG; Warriner, K; Weberpals, JI; Weerachayaphorn, J; Wehrli, FW; Wei, J; Wei, KL; Weinheimer, CJ; Weisbord, SD; Wen, S; Wendel Garcia, PD; Williams, JW; Williams, R; Winkler, C; Wirman, AP; Wong, S; Woods, CM; Wu, B; Wu, C; Wu, F; Wu, P; Wu, S; Wu, Y; Wu, YN; Wu, ZH; Wurtzel, JGT; Xia, L; Xia, Z; Xia, ZZ; Xiao, H; Xie, C; Xin, ZM; Xing, Y; Xing, Z; Xu, S; Xu, SB; Xu, T; Xu, X; Xu, Y; Xue, L; Xun, J; Yaffe, MB; Yalew, A; Yamamoto, S; Yan, D; Yan, H; Yan, S; Yan, X; Yang, AD; Yang, E; Yang, H; Yang, J; Yang, JL; Yang, K; Yang, M; Yang, P; Yang, Q; Yang, S; Yang, W; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Yao, JC; Yao, WL; Yao, Y; Yaqub, TB; Ye, J; Ye, W; Yen, CW; Yeter, HH; Yin, C; Yip, V; Yong-Yi, J; Yu, HJ; Yu, MF; Yu, S; Yu, W; Yu, WW; Yu, X; Yuan, P; Yuan, Q; Yue, XY; Zaia, AA; Zakhary, SY; Zalwango, F; Zamalloa, A; Zamparo, P; Zampini, IC; Zani, JL; Zeitoun, R; Zeng, N; Zenteno, JC; Zepeda-Palacio, C; Zhai, C; Zhang, B; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhang, K; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YY; Zhao, B; Zhao, D; Zhao, G; Zhao, H; Zhao, Q; Zhao, R; Zhao, S; Zhao, T; Zhao, X; Zhao, XA; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z; Zheng, Z; Zhi-Min, G; Zhou, CL; Zhou, HD; Zhou, J; Zhou, W; Zhou, XQ; Zhou, Z; Zhu, C; Zhu, H; Zhu, L; Zhu, Y; Zitzmann, N; Zou, L; Zou, Y, 2022)	0.72
" A fraction of the total acetate load was dosed aerobically, which was increased stepwise while monitoring granular morphology."	( Impact of aerobic availability of readily biodegradable COD on morphological stability of aerobic granular sludge. Haaksman, VA; Mirghorayshi, M; Pronk, M; van Loosdrecht, MCM, 2020)	0.56
" Laboratory dose-response tests were conducted using the selected MDRs to determine the effectiveness and kinetics of WEP reduction, and three field-scale MDR application tests were conducted to demonstrate the process of using MDR to decrease manure WEP."	( Characteristics of solids produced from coal mine drainage and their suitability for phosphorus control in dairy manure management. Brimmer, R; Hedin, B; Hedin, R; Spargo, JT, 2020)	0.56
" However, in the long-term exposure test, high dosage of FLX inhibited EBPR."	( Effect of fluoxetine on enhanced biological phosphorus removal using a sequencing batch reactor. Bian, R; Sun, Y; Yuan, Q; Zhang, D; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2021)	0.62
" We measured 24-h urinary phosphorus excretion in male rats assigned to groups dosed orally with vehicle or tenapanor (0."	( Combination treatment with tenapanor and sevelamer synergistically reduces urinary phosphorus excretion in rats. Chertow, GM; Fung, C; Jiang, Z; King, AJ; Kohler, J; Kumaraswamy, P; Quach, A; Rosenbaum, DP, 2021)	0.62
" A multi-parameter based predictive control has been developed by implementing an Economic Model Predictive Controller (EMPC) for optimal dosing of magnesium hydroxide in a struvite recovery unit."	( Economic Model Predictive Control for optimal struvite recovery. Haugen, FA; Nair, AM; Ratnaweera, H, 2021)	0.62
"4 g dose but removal increased with increasing media dosage for phosphorus."	( Investigation of water treatment sludge from drinking water treated with Zetafloc 553I coagulant for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Letshwenyo, MW; Mokgosi, S, 2021)	0.62
" The results showed that, at a dosage of 10%, the PBC@LDH composite had a commendable ability to immobilize U in soil."	( Phosphorus-modified biochar cross-linked Mg-Al layered double-hydroxide composite for immobilizing uranium in mining contaminated soil. Cao, Y; Deng, N; Lyu, P; Wang, B; Wang, G, 2021)	0.62
"We conclude that the effects and dose-response of PTH 1-34 treatment differ according to the etiology of hypoparathyroidism."	( Therapy with PTH 1-34 or calcitriol and calcium in diverse etiologies of hypoparathyroidism over 27 years at a single tertiary care center. Cutler, GB; Ferré, EMN; Lionakis, MS; Schmitt, MM; Winer, KK; Ye, S; Zhang, B, 2021)	0.62
" The soil study explored the relationships between soil solution, DGT measured labile ATR and solvent extractable ATR in dosed soils of different organic matter, pH status and incubation times."	( Use of the Dynamic Technique DGT to Determine the Labile Pool Size and Kinetic Resupply of Pesticides in Soils and Sediments. Han, C; Jones, KC; Li, Y; Luo, J; Zhang, H, 2021)	0.62
" Results show that implementation of APC and the development of ammonia-based aeration control, aeration/non-aeration cycles, improved internal/external recirculation and chemical dosage controls resulted in an improvement in nutrients removal rates (+25."	( Enhancement of biological nutrient removal process with advanced process control tools in full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Benzal, A; Palatsi, J; Pijuan, M; Ripoll, F; Romero-Güiza, MS, 2021)	0.62
" Overall, the results confirm the importance of N dosage in N runoff loss from farmland."	( Effect of fertilization on nitrogen losses through surface runoffs in Chinese farmlands: A meta-analysis. Chen, D; Hou, P; Jiang, Y; Petropoulos, E; Wang, J; Xue, L; Yan, L; Yang, L, 2021)	0.62
" Further simulations helped to guide the dosing regimen of burosumab in adult and pediatric patients with XLH including age groups with no clinical data."	( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Burosumab in Adult and Pediatric Patients With X-linked Hypophosphatemia. Gosselin, NH; Lee, SK; McKeever, K; Roberts, MS; Shi, J; Taylor, J, 2022)	0.72
" However, growth, photosynthesis, microbial activities, and AlkB gene abundance were enhanced by the application of P fertilizer, thereby increasing TPH removal rates, although the extent and optimum P dosage varied among the plant species."	( Phosphorus application enhances alkane hydroxylase gene abundance in the rhizosphere of wild plants grown in petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Anh Tran, TK; Bolan, NS; Hoang, SA; Kirkham, MB; Kit Yu, RM; Lamb, D; O'Connor, J; Rinklebe, J; Sarkar, B; Seshadri, B; Vo, HT, 2022)	0.72
" In the pot experiment, the CRS, straw biochar prepared at 300 °C (B300) and 500 °C (B500), and phosphorus modified biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C (PB300) and 500 °C (PB500) were added at dosage of 5% into three typical paddy soils."	( Comparative study on the potential risk of contaminated-rice straw, its derived biochar and phosphorus modified biochar as an amendment and their implication for environment. Chen, H; Lu, S; Malik, Z; Xiao, Q; Zong, Y, 2022)	0.72
" The optimal ZVI dosage of 4 g/L significantly improved the nitrogen removal efficiency to 86."	( Anammox-synchronous zero-valent iron oxidation promoting synergistic nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater. Dou, Q; Hao, S; Lan, S; Peng, Y; Wang, Y; Zhang, L, 2022)	0.72
" This study aimed to refine the palm-pressed mesocarp fiber oil and determine the optimum dosage of phosphoric acid for acid-degumming of palm-pressed mesocarp fiber oil while retaining its phytonutrients."	( Phosphorus Removal and Phytonutrients Retention in the Refining of Solvent Extracted Palm-Pressed Mesocarp Fiber Oil. Chan, MK; Lau, HLN; Tee, YS; Teh, SS, 2022)	0.72
" It was composed of microalgae and activated sludge and established in the SBR to explore the effect of different dosing ratios of algae and sludge on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater containing ammonium."	( Symbiotic treatment of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater by algae and activated sludge: effects of algae and sludge inoculation rates. Huang, L; Lu, Z; Mo, C; Tan, S; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Xie, T, 2023)	0.91
" The results showed that a low dosage ACER could effectively extract EPS-bound P and P-precipitates, and the content of phosphorus in the extract exceeded 50% of TP."	( Targeted clean extraction of phosphorus from waste activated sludge: From a new perspective of phosphorus occurrence states to an innovative approach through acidic cation exchange resin. Dai, L; Dai, X; Ding, Y; Liu, Z; Wu, B, 2022)	0.72
" The effects of SROM dose and dosing method on the pH and DO, the release of nitrogen and phosphorus, and greenhouse gas emissions were studied."	( Benthic ecological restoration under the combined action of slow-release oxygen material and benthic organisms. Chen, Z; Dong, Z; Fu, J; Liu, X; Pei, Y; Wang, Y, 2022)	0.72
" This was different from that in unmodified biochar treatment, where tuber yield was stimulated at 3% dosage but inhibited at 5% dosage."	( Effects of phosphorus-modified biochar as a soil amendment on the growth and quality of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Ng, CWW; Ni, JJ; So, PS; Wang, YC, 2022)	0.72
" Phytase dose-response was analyzed by curve fitting."	( Effect of limestone solubility on mineral digestibility and bone ash in nursery pigs fed diets containing graded level of inorganic phosphorus or increasing dose of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant. Dersjant-Li, Y; Kumar, A; Marchal, L; Velayudhan, DE, 2022)	0.72
" The results showed the effect of baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetland (BSFCW) with SI dosing to purify the WWTP effluents after the stable operation."	( Use of sponge iron dosing in baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater treatment plant effluents during autumn and winter. Feng, M; Li, J; Liang, J; Wang, P; Wang, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Experimental results showed that dosing hydrogen peroxide, even at doses lower than the stoichiometrically required to oxidize iron sulfide, freed, and oxidized sulfide bound ferrous iron to ferric iron, which was consequently hydrolyzed and affected phosphorus removal."	( Model-based investigation of the chemical phosphorus removal potential of the peroxide regenerated iron-sulfide control technology. Elbeshbishy, E; Ismail, A; Jang, E; Santoro, D; Schraa, O; Walton, JR; Zamanzadeh, M, 2022)	0.72
" We present the implementation of a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to achieve the prescribed goals for serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone through concurrent dosing of phosphate binders, vitamin D analogs, and calcimimetics by simulation in 80 subjects in Matlab."	( Artificial intelligence-guided precision treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder. Brier, ME; Gaweda, AE; Lederer, ED, 2022)	0.72
" It was observed that the optimum conditions for effective phosphorus removal are under the presence of rotational speed (125 rpm), higher dosage (7 g/L), and larger surface area (smaller particle size) of the shell powder."	( Utilization of cockle shell powder as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus-containing wastewater. Ali, MF; Mizi, F; Nayeem, A; Shariffuddin, JH, 2023)	0.91
" The optimal process conditions for Fe-C-Al three-phase micro-electrolysis treatment of low concentration phosphorus wastewater were determined to be the aluminum metal ratio of 14 wt% and solids dosing of 30 g/L."	( Study on Fe-C-Al three-phase micro-electrolysis treatment of low concentration phosphorus wastewater. Hu, B; Huan, Y; Li, L; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Qi, Q, 2022)	0.72
"0% of turbidity, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand could be removed at an optimized poly-aluminum ferric chloride dosage of 30 mg/L, and the continuous experiment confirmed that the full load mode was more suitable for its rapid start-up."	( Optimization of a compact on-site stormwater runoff treatment system: Process performance and reactor design. An, Y; Guo, J; Pang, H; Qin, Y; Wang, L; Wei, J; Xing, Y; Yu, S; Zhou, C; Zhou, Z, 2023)	0.91
" Linear dose-response relationships were observed for ATTD of DM, CP, P, Ca, and PP."	( Effect of a biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase on the digestibility of phosphorus and phytate in midlactating dairy cows. Christensen, T; Dersjant-Li, Y; García-González, R; Kok, I; Marchal, L; Mereu, A; Westreicher-Kristen, E, 2023)	0.91
" Shortening the hydraulic retention time (HRT) or phosphorus dosing resulted in increased nitrogen removal."	( Daphnia magna as biological harvesters for green microalgae grown on recirculated aquaculture system effluents. Angelidaki, I; Gorzelnik, SA; Koski, M; Valverde-Pérez, B; Zhu, X, 2023)	0.91
" Thermodynamic simulations and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate changes in chemistry of real fresh urine dosed and dehydrated using two different organic and inorganic acids."	( Factors influencing the recovery of organic nitrogen from fresh human urine dosed with organic/inorganic acids and concentrated by evaporation in ambient conditions. Randall, DG; Simha, P; Vasiljev, A; Vinnerås, B, 2023)	0.91
" Experimental results showed that dosing LG-MgO at P:Mg molar ratio close to stoichiometry (i."	( Struvite precipitation in wastewater treatment plants anaerobic digestion supernatants using a magnesium oxide by-product. Aguilar-Pozo, VB; Astals, S; Ayesa, E; Chimenos, JM; Elduayen-Echave, B; García, I; Gómez, J; Guembe, M; López, A; Olaciregui-Arizmendi, K, 2023)	0.91
" The results demonstrated that the optimal dosage of the CP/ATP-Fe(II) process was CP/ATP = 0."	( A novel calcium peroxide/attapulgite-Fe(II) process for high concentration phosphate removal and recovery: Efficiency and mechanism. Li, R; Long, X; Luo, J; Peng, J; Wan, J; Yang, J; Zhong, Z, 2023)	0.91
" Dose-response relationships (Model 1) were examined using a nonparametric test for trend."	( Dietary vitamin D intake and the bladder cancer risk: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. Boot, IWA; Brustad, M; Ljungberg, B; Marques, C; Wesselius, A; White, E; Yu, EYW; Zeegers, MP, 2023)	0.91
"The sidestream sludge treatment by free ammonium (FA)/free nitrous acid (FNA) dosing was frequently demonstrated to maintain the nitrite pathway for the partial nitrification (PN) process."	( Insights on biological phosphorus removal with partial nitrification in single sludge system via sidestream free ammonia and free nitrous acid dosing. Duan, H; Lu, X; Oehmen, A; Ye, L; Yuan, Z; Zhao, J, 2023)	0.91
" Restricted cubic splines were plotted to evaluate the dose-response relationship between dietary minerals intake and PE."	( The association between dietary mineral intake and the risk of preeclampsia in Chinese pregnant women: a matched case-control study. Cao, Y; Dou, W; Duan, D; Fu, W; Liu, Y; Lyu, Q; Ma, S; Wang, X; Zhao, X, 2023)	0.91

Product Category	Products
Pet Supplies	17
Active Lifestyle & Fitness	179
Vitamins & Supplements	93
Food & Beverages	228
Weight Management	49
Baby & Kids Products	54
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	11
Professional Supplements	12

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Abound Dry Dog Food Wild Beginnings Beef Venison & Lamb -- 4 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Carnitine, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Dry Dog Food Wild Beginnings Salmon Whitefish & Trout -- 4 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Carnitine, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Natural Cat Dry Food Chicken & Brown Rice -- 3.5 lb	Abound	Pet Supplies	Linoleic Acid, Phosphorus, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Natural Cat Dry Food Salmon & Brown Rice Recipe -- 3.5 lb	Abound	Pet Supplies	Linoleic Acid, Phosphorus, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Pro Dry Dog Food Vet Formulated Healthy Weight Chicken Oatmeal -- 8 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin C, Chondroitin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glucosamine, L-Carnitine, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Pro Dry Dog Food Vet Formulated Senior Salmon Pea -- 8 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin C, Chondroitin, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Vitamin E, Glucosamine, L-Carnitine, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Pro Dry Dog Food Vet Formulated Sensitive Stomach Lamb Brown Rice -- 8 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, Selenium, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Pro Dry Dog Food Vet Formulated Skin & Coat Salmon Brown Rice -- 8 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Vitamin E, Linoleic Acid, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Pro Dry Puppy Food Vet Formulated Chicken Brown Rice -- 8 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, EPA, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Pro+ Dry Cat Food Indoor Weight Hairball Care Chicken & Turkey -- 7 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Carnitine, Phosphorus, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Pro+ Dry Cat Food Senior Formula Chicken & Brown Rice -- 7 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin C, Chondroitin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glucosamine, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Pro+ Dry Cat Food Sensitive Skin & Stomach Salmon & Brown Rice -- 7 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Abound Wild Beginnings Dry Cat Food Salmon -- 7 lbs	Abound	Pet Supplies	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Action Labs Yohimbe PowerMax 2000 Spark Ignition -- 50 VegCaps	Action Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus, Yohimbe	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Nutrition Amazing Formulas Daily Multivitamin -- 500 Tablets	Amazing Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Nutrition The Family Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Amazing Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
American Health Ester-C Effervescent Plus Electrolytes Natural Orange -- 1000 mg - 21 Packets	American Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Folic Acid, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Daily Greens Pill Packs -- 30 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Lutein, Lycopene, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 30 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 44 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Cherry Bomb -- 30 Servings	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Fruit Punch -- 14.7 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Orange Crushed -- 14.5 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PM Sleep & Nighttime Recovery Pill Pack -- 30 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arrowhead Mills Gluten Free Organic Chickpeas -- 16 oz	Arrowhead Mills	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arrowhead Mills Organic Pearled Barley -- 28 oz	Arrowhead Mills	Food & Beverages	Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arrowhead Mills Organic Spelt Flakes Cereal -- 12 oz	Arrowhead Mills	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Iced Coffee Protein Shake Vanilla Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Peanut Butter Granola Bar Meal Peanut Butter -- 5 Bars	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Meal Bar Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough -- 5 Bars	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Plus RTD Creamy Milk Chocolate -- 4 Bottles	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Plus RTD Creamy Vanilla -- 4 Bottles	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Rich Shake Cafe Caramel -- 4 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Rich Shake Creamy Caramel -- 4 Bottles Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein-Rich Shake Dark Chocolate Royale -- 8 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Protein Shake Creamy Vanilla -- 8 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Protein-Rich Meal Shake Creamy Chocolate -- 16.9 fl oz Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Creamy Root Beer Float -- 4 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Milk Chocolate Delight -- 8 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Mocha Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Pumpkin Spice Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Strawberry -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Snack Bar Caramel Chocolate Nut Roll -- 5 Bars	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Snack Bar Caramel Chocolate Peanut Nougat -- 5 Bars	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Aussie Bubs Australian Grass Fed Nutritional Milk-Based Toddler Formula -- 28.2 oz	Aussie Bubs	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Angel Hair Chickpea Pasta -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Chickpea Cavatappi Pasta -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Chickpea Pasta Elbows -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Chickpea Pasta Penne -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Chickpea Pasta Rotini -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Chickpea Pasta Spaghetti -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Linguine Chickpea Pasta -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Rigatoni Chickpea Pasta -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Shells Chickpea Pasta -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Banza Wheels Chickpea Pasta -- 8 oz	Banza	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granola Banana Nut -- 12 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granola Cacao & Cashew Butter Crunch -- 11 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granola Fruit & Nut -- 12 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granola Fruit & Nut -- 22 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granola Maple Pecan -- 12 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granola Original Cinnamon -- 11.2 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granola Salted Caramel Crunch -- 11 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granola Triple Berry Crunch -- 12 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granola Vanilla Almond Crisp -- 22 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granolas Peanut Butter -- 12 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bear Naked All Natural Granolas Fit Vanilla Almond -- 12 oz	Bear Naked	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Beech-Nut Whole Grain Baby Cereal Oatmeal -- 6 Pack	Beech-Nut	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Best Naturals Chitosan -- 500 mg - 120 Tablets	Best Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	Chitosan, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Best Naturals Horse Chestnut -- 300 mg - 180 Tablets	Best Naturals	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Better N Peanut Butter Gluten Free Peanut Butter Based Spread Chocolate -- 16 oz	Better N Peanut Butter	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Better Oats Organic Instant Multigrain Hot Cereal with Flax Bare -- 11.8 oz	Better Oats	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Better Oats Organic Old Fashioned Oats -- 16 oz	Better Oats	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Better Oats Organic Quick Oats -- 16 oz	Better Oats	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Better Oats Steel Cut Oats Instant Oatmeal with Flax Seeds Maple & Brown Sugar -- 10 Pouches	Better Oats	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Chocolate -- 14 Packets	Biocare	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Chocolate Salted Caramel -- 14 Packets	Biocare	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Mixed Fruit -- 14 Packets	Biocare	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Strawberries & Cream -- 14 Packets	Biocare	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Chocolate -- 15.4 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Chocolate -- 30.9 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Natural -- 12.3 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Natural -- 24.6 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Vanilla -- 15.1 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Vanilla -- 30.2 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Sugar-Free Chocolate -- 12.5 oz	Biochem Sports	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almond Coconut Blend Original -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almond Coconut Blend Unsweetened Original -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almond Coconut Blend Unsweetened Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almondmilk Chocolate -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almondmilk Original -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almondmilk Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almondmilk Unsweetened Chocolate -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almondmilk Unsweetened Original -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almondmilk Unsweetened Original -- 64 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almondmilk Unsweetened Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almondmilk Unsweetened Vanilla -- 64 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Original -- 2.2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Super Earth Lecithin Granules Natural Soya -- 25.4 oz	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Linolenic Acid, Choline, Inositol, Linoleic Acid, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
C2O Gluten Free Pure Coconut Water with Pulp -- 17.5 fl oz	C2O	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Hawaiian Punch Fruit Juicy Red -- 20 Servings	Cellucor	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Caffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Icy Blue Razz -- 20 Servings	Cellucor	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Caffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Watermelon -- 20 Servings	Cellucor	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Caffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cellucor C4 Sport Ripped - Pre-Workout - NSF Certified for Sport Artic Snow Cone -- 20 Servings	Cellucor	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Caffeine Anhydrous, Chloride, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Adult Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplement -- 60 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Men Multi-Vitamin Tablets -- 200 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Multivitamin for Men Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement -- 120 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Multivitamin for Men Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement -- 65 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Adults 50 Plus Multivitamin Tablets -- 220 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Men 50 Plus Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 200 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Women 50 Plus Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 100 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women MultiVitamin -- 65 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women Multivitamin-Multimineral -- 200 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 120 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Broccoli Pear -- 6 Pouches	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Smart Toddler Snack Bars Apple Kale -- 5 Bars	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Smart Toddler Snack Bars Blueberry Banana Sweet Potato -- 5 Bars	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Smart Toddler Snack Bars Carrot Date -- 5 Bars	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Elbows Pasta -- 8 oz	Chickapea	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Lasagna Pasta -- 8 oz	Chickapea	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Penne Pasta -- 8 oz	Chickapea	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Phosphorus, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Shells Pasta -- 8 oz	Chickapea	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Phosphorus, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Spaghetti Pasta -- 8 oz	Chickapea	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Phosphorus, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Chickapea Non-GMO Organic Spirals Pasta -- 8 oz	Chickapea	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Phosphorus, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Chlorenergy Chlorella Supplement -- 200 mg - 300 Tablets	Chlorenergy	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Builders Plant-Based Protein Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Cookies and Cream -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Vanilla Almond -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Cookies Chocolate -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Chocolate -- 6 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Chocolate Mint -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Chocolate Mint -- 6 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Vanilla Almond -- 6 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Builders Plant-Based Protein Mini Bars Chocolate Mint -- 10 Pack	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Builders Plant-Based Protein Mini Bars Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 10 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Builders Plant-Based Protein Plus Caffeine Bars Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough -- 6 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Kid ZBar Protein Bars Chocolate Chip -- 10 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Kid ZBar Protein Bars Chocolate Chip -- 15 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Kid ZBar Protein Bars Chocolate Chip -- 5 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Kid ZBar Protein Bars Chocolate Mint -- 10 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Kid ZBar Protein Bars Chocolate Mint -- 15 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Gluten Free Kid ZBar Protein Bars Cookies N Creme -- 5 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Kid Zbar Organic Protein Bars Smores -- 6 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Non-GMO Energy Bars Blueberry Almond Crisp -- 6 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Non-GMO Energy Bars Chocolate Chip Peanut Crunch -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Non-GMO Energy Mini Bars Chocolate Brownie -- 20 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Non-GMO Energy Mini Bars Crunchy Peanut Butter -- 10 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Non-GMO Energy Mini Bars White Chocolate Macadamia Nut -- 20 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Blueberry Muffin -- 12 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Brownie -- 12 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Brownie -- 18 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Brownie -- 24 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Brownie -- 6 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Chip -- 12 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Chip -- 18 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Chip -- 24 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Chocolate Chip -- 6 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Iced Oatmeal Cookie -- 12 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Iced Oatmeal Cookie -- 18 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar Iced Oatmeal Cookie -- 24 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Kid ZBar - Chocolate Chip & Oatmeal Cookie Variety Pack -- 24 Bars	Clif	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Nut Butter Bar Chocolate Chip & Peanut Butter -- 5 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Nut Butter Bars Chocolate & Peanut Butter -- 5 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Organic Nut Butter Bars Peanut Butter -- 5 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Energy Bar Minis Chocolate Chip -- 20 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Gluten Free Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 6 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Non-GMO Energy Mini Bars Chocolate Chip -- 10 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Organic Nut Butter Filled Energy Bars Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Organic Nut Butter Filled Energy Bars Peanut Butter -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Teen Daily Multivitamin - Vitamins A B C D E K Zinc Biotin & Probiotics Vegan Supplement -- 60 Capsules	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Teen Daily Multivitamin - Vitamins A B C D E K Zinc Biotin & Probiotics Vegan Supplement -- 60 Capsules Each / Pack of 2	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Advantage Premium Milk-Based Infant Formula -- 34 oz	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Gentle Premium Milk Based Infant Formula -- 33.2 oz	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Infant Premium Milk Based Formula with Iron -- 34 oz	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Chocolate -- 6 Shakes	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Strawberry -- 6 Shakes	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Vanilla -- 16 Shakes	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Vanilla -- 6 Shakes	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Bone Solid® -- 240 Capsules	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	alpha-ketoglutarate, Vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, Calcium Fructoborate, Chromium, Manganese, Phosphorus, citrate, citrate, tricalcium phosphate, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Calcium Magnesium Caps -- 180 Vegan Capsules	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	alpha-ketoglutarate, calcium citrate, magnesium citrate, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Calcium-Magnesium with Vitamin D Complex -- 240 Vegan Capsules	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	alpha-ketoglutarate, calcium citrate, Phosphorus, citrate, citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Calcium-Magnesium with Vitamin D Complex -- 360 Vegan Capsules	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	alpha-ketoglutarate, calcium citrate, Phosphorus, citrate, citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Calcium-Magnesium-Potassium -- 180 Tablets	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	asparatate, Phosphorus, potassium citrate, citrate, citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Core Daily-1 for Men 50 + -- 60 Tablets	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Calcium fructoborate, d-calcium pantothenate, Cellulase, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Lactose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Core Daily™ 1 for Women 50 Plus -- 60 Tablets	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Calcium fructoborate, d-calcium pantothenate, Cellulase, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Lactose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Daily Total One™ Iron Free -- 60 Vegetarian Capsules	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, di-calcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, magnesium citrate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Target-Mins Calcium Magnesium Complex with Vitamin D3 -- 90 Tablets	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	alpha-ketoglutarate, Vitamin D3, Phosphorus, citrate, citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cymbiotika Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 30 oz	Cymbiotika	Weight Management	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cellulase, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Alpha GPC, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics French Vanilla -- 12 oz	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics French Vanilla -- 4 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics Gourmet Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics Gourmet Chocolate -- 4 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Double Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Strawberry -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Unflavored -- 2 lbs	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Whey - Meal Replacement Protein Powder Milk Chocolate -- 1.72 lbs	Designer Wellness	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Whey - Meal Replacement Protein Powder Vanilla Bean -- 1.72 lbs	Designer Wellness	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness LITE® Natural Protein Vanilla Cupcake -- 9.03 oz	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Totally Egg Classic Vanilla -- 12.4 oz	Designer Wellness	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Botanical Health Organic Green Spirulina Powder -- 3.5 oz	Dr. Botanical Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chlorophyll, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Proline, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dream Organic Original Rice Drink -- 32 fl oz	Dream	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dream Organic Rice Drink Original -- 64 fl oz	Dream	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dream Organic Soy Milk Original -- 32 fl oz	Dream	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dream Rice Drink Vanilla -- 64 fl oz	Dream	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dymatize Super Mass Gainer Gourmet Vanilla -- 6 lbs	Dymatize	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dymatize Super Mass Gainer Rich Chocolate -- 6 lbs	Dymatize	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Aduki Beans -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Baked Beans Gluten Free Sweet Sorghum -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Black Beans -- 29 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Black Beans Dry -- 16 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Black Eyed Peas -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Brown Rice Green Lentils -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Cannellini White Kidney Beans -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Cannellini White Kidney Beans -- 29 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Dry Roasted Seeds Spicy Pumpkin -- 4 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy Extra Soy Milk Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Omega-3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy® Extra Soymilk Dairy Free Original -- 32 fl oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Omega-3, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy® Soymilk Dairy Free Carob -- 32 fl oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Omega-3, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic EdenSoy® Soymilk Dairy Free Original -- 32 fl oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Omega-3, Folate, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Garbanzo Beans -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Garbanzo Beans -- 29 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Great Northern Beans -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Kidney Beans -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Kidney Beans -- 29 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Lentils Onion and Bay Leaf -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Mexican Rice and Beans -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Millet Whole Grain Gluten Free -- 16 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Navy Beans -- 29 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pasta Kamut Elbows -- 14 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pasta Kamut Spirals -- 12 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pinto Beans -- 16 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pinto Beans -- 29 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Pumpkin Seeds Dry Roasted Unflavored -- 4 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Small Red Beans -- 15 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Sweet Brown Rice Mochi -- 10.5 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Complete Nutrition Shake RTD Plant Powered 2+ Years Chocolate -- 4 Pack	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Nutritional Shake Plant Protein Powder 2+ Year Vanilla -- 16 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Nutritional Shake Plant Protein Powder 2+ Years Chocolate -- 16 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal 6+ Months Banana -- 7 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Mango -- 7 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Original -- 7 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Vanilla -- 7 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Toddler Omega 3&6 Complete Nutrition Formula Plant-Based 12+ Months -- 22 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Toddler Organic Complete Nutrition Formula Plant-Based 12+ Months -- 22 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Cove Organic Pacific Nori Sheets -- 0.9 oz	Emerald Cove	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Cove Organic Pacific Sushi Nori -- 0.9 oz	Emerald Cove	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Cove Organic Toasted Shushi Nori -- 50 Sheets	Emerald Cove	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Cove Pacific Wakame -- 1.76 oz	Emerald Cove	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Immune Plus Triple Action Immune Support Super Orange -- 30 Packets	Emergen-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Vitamin C Fizzy Drink Mix Pink Lemonade -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Emergen-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Raspberry -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Lemon Lime -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Orange -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Peach Mango -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Tangerine Grapefruit -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Variety Pack -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Sugar Free Mixed Berry -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Sugar Free Orange -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Clear Nutrition Drink Mixed Fruit -- 4 Pack	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Complete Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 4 Shakes	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Complete Nutrition Shake Vanilla -- 4 Shakes	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure High Protein Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 8 fl oz Each / Pack of 6	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure High Protein Nutrition Shake Vanilla 8 fl oz -- 6 Bottles	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake Cafe Mocha -- 11 fl oz	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake French Vanilla -- 4 Shakes	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 11 fl oz	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Nutrition Shake Strawberry -- 8 fl oz Each / Pack of 6	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Plus Nutrition Shake Strawberry -- 6 Bottles	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Plus Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 6 Bottles	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Plus Nutrition Shake Vanilla 8oz -- 6 Bottles	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Milk Chocolate Ready-to-Drink Nutrition Shakes -- Pack of 6	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Vanilla Ready-to-Drink Nutrition Shakes -- Pack of 6	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy + Electrolytes Grape Splash -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, L-Isoleucine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition BCAA Energy + Electrolytes Orange Mango -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Beta-Alanine, Chloride, L-Isoleucine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition EV Electrolyte Powder Berry Splash -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Chloride, Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition Hydramino Hydration Plus Amino Acids Fruit Punch -- 8.4 oz	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Chloride, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition Hydramino Hydration Plus Amino Acids Orange Mango -- 8.4 oz	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, Vitamin C, Chloride, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evolve Plant-Powered Protein Powder Ideal Vanilla -- 32 oz	Evolve	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fearn Lecithin Granules -- 16 oz	Fearn	Vitamins & Supplements	Linolenic Acid, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Linoleic Acid, Niacin, Fat, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fearn Raw Wheat Germ -- 10 oz	Fearn	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Thiamine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode Fit Electrolytes - 30 Servings Mixed Berry -- 4.02 oz	Fitcode	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Chloride, Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Food For Life Organic Ezekiel 4:9 Sprouted Crunchy Cereal Almond -- 16 oz	Food For Life	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Food For Life Organic Ezekiel 4:9 Sprouted Crunchy Cereal Golden Flax -- 16 oz	Food For Life	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Food For Life Organic Ezekiel 4:9 Sprouted Crunchy Cereal Original -- 16 oz	Food For Life	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Nutritional Yeast Flakes Non-GMO Unfortified -- 32 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Nutritional Yeast Flakes Non-GMO Unfortified -- 6 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Black Sesame Seeds Superfood -- 12 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Globe Trekker Trail Mix -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Jungle Peanuts - Heirloom -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Lemonly Lemon -- 4 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Original -- 4 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Rosemary -- 4 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sunflower Lecithin Liquid -- 8 fl oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Superfoods Chia Protein Powder Raw -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Superfoods Hemp Protein Powder Raw -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Superfoods Toasted Hemp Seed with Sea Salt -- 14 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Tart Cherries - Dried -- 10 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Trail Mix Coo Coo Cashew -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Amazing Ashwa -- 120 Tablets	Force Factor	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Test X180 Multivitamin Daily Testosterone Booster + Male Vitality Enhancer -- 120 Tablets	Force Factor	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Total Beets Tablets -- 120 Tablets	Force Factor	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Chill Pill® -- 60 Vegetarian Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	dicalcium phosphate, Folic Acid, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Garlic Echinacea Elderberry+ -- 120 Vegetarian Tablets	Futurebiotics	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Garlic Echinacea Elderberry+ -- 60 Vegetarian Tablets	Futurebiotics	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair Skin & Nails -- 135 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair Skin & Nails® for Men -- 135 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	para-Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair, Skin and Nails® -- 75 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hi-Energy Multi For Men™ -- 120 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hi-Energy Multi For Men™ -- 60 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Vegetarian Enzyme Complex™ -- 90 Vegetarian Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Betaine HCl, Cellulase, Lactose, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein & Greens Real Raw Vanilla -- 19.3 oz	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Chromium, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin A, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Cereal for Baby Supported Sitter First Foods Oatmeal -- 16 oz	Gerber	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Cereal for Baby Supported Sitter First Foods Rice -- 8 oz	Gerber	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Grain & Grow Stage 3 Hearty Bits MultiGrain Non-GMO Cereal Banana Apple Strawberry -- 8 oz	Gerber	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Hunger Smart Shake Homemade Vanilla -- 6 Bottles	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glycerin, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Nutritional Shake Creamy Strawberry -- 6 Bottles	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Nutritional Shake Homemade Vanilla -- 6 Bottles	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Protein Smart Shakes Chocolate -- 4 Shakes	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Protein Smart Shakes Vanilla -- 4 Shakes	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Shake Rich Chocolate -- 8 fl oz	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Vegan Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 36.8 oz	Gnarly Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Vegan Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 36.8 oz	Gnarly Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Snacking Seeds Sea Salt & Vinegar -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Sunflower Seeds Sea Salt -- 14 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Sunflower Seeds Sea Salt -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Super Simple Seeds -- 14 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Snacking Seeds Organic Chili Lime -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Snacking Seeds Organic Everything Bagel -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Snacking Seeds Organic Sea Salt & Pepper -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Snacking Seeds Organic Sweet & Salty Kettle -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Magma Plus® Powder -- 10.6 oz	Green Foods	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Magma Plus® Powder -- 5.3 oz	Green Foods	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Lipase, Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Stevia, Vitamin A, Thiamine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Boost Dutch Chocolate -- 10.5 oz	Greens First	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Magnesium Phosphate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Potassium Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Boost French Vanilla -- 10.5 oz	Greens First	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Magnesium Phosphate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Potassium Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Meal Replacement PlusShake™ Raw Chocolate -- 1.5 lbs	Greens Plus	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Original Superfood -- 240 Veggie Capsules	Greens Plus	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Apples Guavas & Beets -- 4 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Bananas Sweet Potatoes & Papayas -- 4 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Carrots Strawberries & Chickpeas -- 4 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Green Beans Spinach & Pears -- 4 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Pears Kale & Spinach -- 4 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Pears Squash & Blackberries -- 4 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Baby Food 6+ Months Pears Zucchini & Peas -- 4 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula A2 Milk Powder 0-12 Months Stage 1 -- 22.9 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin e, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, Vitamin B1, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula Powder 0-12 Months Stage 1 -- 21 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	ascorbyl palmitate, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, betacarotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, sodium selenite, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula Powder 6-12 Months Stage 2 -- 21 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	ascorbyl palmitate, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, betacarotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, sodium selenite, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Superfood Puffs Crawling Baby Snack Kale & Spinach -- 2.1 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, cholecalciferol, choline, Vitamin E, ferric pyrophosphate, Folate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B5, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Superfood Puffs Crawling Baby Snack Purple Carrot & Blueberry -- 2.1 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, cholecalciferol, choline, Vitamin E, ferric pyrophosphate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B5, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Super Morning Chia 2+ Years Apples Cinnamon Yogurt & Oats -- 4 oz	Happy Tot	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Super Morning Chia 2+ Years Bananas Blueberries Yogurt & Oats -- 4 oz	Happy Tot	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Superfoods Chia 2+ Years Banana Peach Mango -- 4.22 oz	Happy Tot	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Superfoods Chia 2+ Years Pears Peas & Green Beans -- 4 Pouches	Happy Tot	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Caramel Apple Fig -- 2.19 oz	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Chocolate Cherry Pomegranate -- 14 Bars	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Chocolate Cherry Pomegranate -- 2.19 oz	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Lemon Blueberry -- 2.19 oz	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Peanut Butter Banana -- 2.19 oz	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Health Plus Blood Cleanse™ -- 753 mg - 90 Capsules	Health Plus	Vitamins & Supplements	Astaxanthin, Folic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healthy Origins Seleno Excell® Selenium -- 200 mcg - 180 Tablets	Healthy Origins	Vitamins & Supplements	Phosphorus, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healthy Pup Multi Max for Dogs -- 120 Soft Chews	Healthy Pup	Pet Supplies	citric acid, alpha-Linolenic Acid, Biotin, Calcium Ascorbate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Cobalt, copper carbonate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, Oleic Acid, d-Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Pyridoxine, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sorbic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Menadione, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl oz	Heaven Sent	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Protein Bar Dark Chocolate Coconut Almond -- 15 Bars	Honey Stinger	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferric orthophosphate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Protein Bar Milk Chocolate Peanut Butta -- 15 Bars	Honey Stinger	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	d,l-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chlorine, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodide, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin a palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Horizon Organic DHA Omega-3 Lowfat Milk Boxes Chocolate -- 8 fl oz Each / Pack of 12	Horizon	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Puppy Dry Dog Food Chicken + Lentils -- 4 lbs	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, Docosahexaenoic Acid, iron sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, niacin, Phosphorus, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin A, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jasberry Organic Superfood Rice Non-GMO -- 15 oz	Jasberry	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial 100% Organic Einkorn Traditional Pasta Fusilli -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial 100% Organic Einkorn Traditional Pasta Penne Rigate -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Fusilli Whole Wheat Pasta -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Wheat Berries -- 1 lb	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Whole Wheat Pasta Linguine -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Whole Wheat Pasta Penne Rigate -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Whole Wheat Spaghetti Pasta -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Just Date Organic Date Syrup -- 8.8 oz	Just Date	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kabrita Goat Milk Toddler Formula 12-24 Months -- 14 oz	Kabrita	Baby & Kids Products	vitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, tri calcium citrate, calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, vitamin D3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, Lactose, L-carnitine, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, vitamin B6 hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, tri calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Hydra-Charge - Informed Sport Certified Orange Mango -- 60 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, beta-carotene, tricalcium citrate tetrahydrate, Citric acid, magnesium citrate, Phosphorus, sodium citrate, tartaric acid, Taurine, sucralose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Hydra-Charge - Informed Sport Certified Fruit Punch -- 60 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, calcium citrate, Citric acid, Phosphorus, sodium citrate, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Hydra-Charge - Informed Sport Certified Glacier Grape -- 60 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, calcium citrate, Citric acid, Phosphorus, sodium citrate, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Hydra-Charge - Informed Sport Certified Strawberry Yuzu -- 60 Servings	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, calcium citrate, Citric acid, Phosphorus, sodium citrate, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Mindset + Caffeine Nootropic Powder - Informed Sport Certified Orange Mango -- 4.13 oz	Kaged	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Antimony, Vitamin C, Barium, beta-carotene, Boron, Caffeine, Chromium, Citric acid, Cobalt, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Platinum, Vitamin B6, Rubidium, Silicon, Silver, Sulfur, sucralose, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Mindset Nootropic Powder Orange Mango -- 3.97 oz	Kaged	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Antimony, Vitamin C, Barium, beta-carotene, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Cobalt, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Platinum, Vitamin B6, Rubidium, Silicon, Silver, Sulfur, sucralose, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Imported Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 14.8 oz	KAL	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 12 oz	KAL	Food & Beverages	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Fiber Cereal Organic Warm Cinnamon -- 10.6 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, ferric phosphate, vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Breakfast Cereal Toasted Berry Crumble -- 14 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, Phosphorus, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Crunch! Protein Cereal Chocolate Crunch -- 12.2 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Crunch! Protein Cereal Cinnamon Crunch -- 13.8 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Crunch! Protein Cereal Honey Almond Flax Crunch -- 14 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Crunch! Protein Cereal Peanut Butter Crunch -- 13.2 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Original -- 14 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Organic Honey Toasted Oat Cereal -- 10.6 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, ferric phosphate, vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Blueberry Vanilla & Cashew -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Caramel Almond & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Mocha Almond -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Nuts & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Honey Roasted Nuts & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Madagascar Vanilla Almond -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Maple Glazed Pecan & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Plant Protein Bars Crunchy Peanut Butter -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Plant Protein Bars Double Dark Chocolate Nut -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Coconut Blend -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Juice Concentrate Tart Cherry -- 12.5 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Concord Grape Fresh Pressed Juice Concord Grape -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Fresh Pressed Carrot -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Larabar Gluten Free Fruit & Nut Bar Mint Chip Brownie -- 16 Bars	Larabar	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, chocolate chips, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Larabar Gluten Free Fruit & Nut Bar Peanut Butter Cookie -- 16 Bars	Larabar	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Larabar Gluten Free No Sugar Added Fruit & Nut Bar Peanut Butter & Jelly -- 16 Bars	Larabar	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folic Acid, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Le Pain des fleurs Organic Crispbread Gluten Free Chestnut -- 5.3 oz	Le Pain des fleurs	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Le Pain des fleurs Organic Crispbread Gluten Free Quinoa -- 5.3 oz	Le Pain des fleurs	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Fat Burning Meal Replacement Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Lean1	Weight Management	D-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, vitamin D3, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, beta glucans, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, phytosterols, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, alpha lipoic acid, calcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Fat Burning Meal Replacement Vanilla -- 1.72 lbs	Lean1	Weight Management	Lipase, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Potassium Chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime All One Rice Base Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbs	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Retinol Acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbs	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Blueberry Acai -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Lemon Lime -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Watermelon -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Blueberry Pomegranate -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Fruit Punch -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Peach Mango -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Strawberry Lemomade -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Living Intentions Organic Activated Sprouted Trail Mix Spicy Mango -- 7 oz	Living Intentions	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Living Intentions Organic Activated Sprouted Trail Mix Wild Berry -- 7 oz	Living Intentions	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Foods Heirloom Forbidden Black Rice® -- 15 oz	Lotus Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Foods Organic Forbidden Rice -- 15 oz	Lotus Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Foods Organic Jade Pearl Rice™ -- 15 oz	Lotus Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Blueberry Bliss -- 15 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Cupcake -- 15 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Dipped Coconut -- 15 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Dipped Coconut -- 6 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Peppermint Stick -- 12 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Peppermint Stick -- 15 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Chocolate Peppermint Stick -- 6 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Lemon Zest -- 6 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars LemonZest -- 12 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars LemonZest -- 15 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars Nutz Over Chocolate -- 15 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Gluten Free Whole Nutrition Bars for Women Nutz Over Chocolate -- 6 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Whole Nutrition Mash-Ups Bars LemonZest + Blueberry -- 15 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Whole Nutrition Mash-Ups Bars LemonZest + Blueberry -- 6 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Whole Nutrition Mash-Ups Bars LemonZest + Raspberry -- 15 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Luna Whole Nutrition Mash-Ups Bars Lemonzest + Raspberry -- 6 Bars	Luna	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maca Magic Powder Jar -- 7.1 oz	Maca Magic	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maine Coast Sea Vegetables Organic Dulse Wild Atlantic Sea Vegetable -- 2 oz	Maine Coast Sea Vegetables	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Iodine, Phosphorus, Riboflavin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maine Coast Sea Vegetables Organic Kelp Wild Atlantic Kombu -- 2 oz	Maine Coast Sea Vegetables	Food & Beverages	Chromium, Iodine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds Natural -- 2 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 5 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 8 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Organic Plant Protein Blend Chocolate -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Organic Plant Protein Blend Vanilla -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Instant Superseed Oatmeal Apple & Cinnamon -- 9 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Instant Superseed Oatmeal Maple & Brown Sugar -- 9 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Ground Hemp Seed -- 7 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Vitamins & Supplements	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp + Chia & Flax -- 7 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 12 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 5 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 7 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp+ Matcha Powder -- 5.5 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp+ Supergreens Powder -- 7.5 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Plant Protein Blend Unsweetened -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Bone Maximizer III -- 150 Capsules	MRM	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Phosphorus, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Meal Replacement Vanilla Bean -- 3 lbs	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, trehalose, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mt. Capra Products Capra Mineral Whey -- 50.8 oz	Mt. Capra Products	Vitamins & Supplements	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mt. Capra Products Capra Mineral Whey™ Powder -- 12.7 oz	Mt. Capra Products	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mt. Capra Products Deep2 30 Goat Milk Protein Coconut Dream -- 35.3 oz	Mt. Capra Products	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus, stevia	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Platinum EAA - 30 servings Fruit Punch -- 13.86 oz	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Potassium bicarbonate, rebaudioside D, Sodium citrate, tartaric acid, sucralose, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Platinum EAA - 30 servings Grape -- 13.65 oz	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Potassium bicarbonate, rebaudioside D, Sodium citrate, tartaric acid, sucralose, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Native Remedies Stress Away Anxiety Relief™ Oral Spray -- 2 fl oz	Native Remedies	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Muriaticum acidum, Phosphorus, stevia	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Memory Complex -- 60 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	dicalcium phosphate, Folate, glycerin, Huperzine A, Microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, methylcellulose, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Total Soy® Meal Replacement Strawberry Creme -- 17.88 oz	Naturade	Weight Management	d-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Fructose, ferrous sulfate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Natural Factors	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Unflavored -- 2 lbs	Natural Factors	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Stacks Professional Formula ALA+ -- 60 Vegan Capsules	Natural Stacks	Professional Supplements	ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Lycopene, Phosphorus, Alpha-Lipoic Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Original Protein Bar Churro -- 1.76 oz Each / Pack of 15	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, vanilla, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Protein Bars Orange Smoothie -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, palmitate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, cane sugar, Thiamin, vitamin B1, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Vanilla Yogurt -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	d-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, Phosphorus, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, beet sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 12 oz	Nutiva	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 19 oz	Nutiva	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 3 lbs	Nutiva	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 5 lbs	Nutiva	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 8 oz	Nutiva	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Baja Burst -- 30 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Chloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Blue Raspberry -- 30 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Chloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Georgia Peach Tea -- 30 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Chloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Grape Berry Crush -- 30 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Chloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Orange Mango -- 30 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Chloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Passion Fruit Pineapple -- 30 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Chloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Amino Kick Raspberry Lemonade -- 30 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Chloride, maltodextrin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Classic Whey Protein Chocolate Milkshake -- 80 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Classic Whey Protein Chocolate Peanut Butter Bliss -- 80 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Extreme Mass Chocolate -- 15.6 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Vitamin B3, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Extreme Mass Vanilla -- 15.6 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Vitamin B3, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Intra Blast Blueberry Lemonade -- 24.1 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Betaine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, DL-Phenylalanine, sodium phosphate, Phosphorus, Taurine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Intra Blast New York Punch -- 25.8 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Betaine Anhydrous, L-Isoleucine, DL-Phenylalanine, sodium phosphate, Phosphorus, Taurine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Intra Blast Orange Mango -- 25.3 oz	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	DL-Phenylalanine, sodium phosphate, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Micellar Casein Alpine Vanilla -- 27 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Micellar Casein Strawberry Ice Cream -- 27 Servings	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
macronutrient	Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
nonmetal atom
pnictogen	Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
monoatomic phosphorus
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Paclitaxel Action Pathway	7	6

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	15773 (35.29)	18.7374
1990's	3657 (8.18)	18.2507
2000's	7273 (16.27)	29.6817
2010's	11927 (26.68)	24.3611
2020's	6066 (13.57)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1,126 (2.34%)	5.53%
Reviews	2,383 (4.96%)	6.00%
Case Studies	823 (1.71%)	4.05%
Observational	107 (0.22%)	0.25%
Other	43,635 (90.77%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.	2.68	3	0	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	7.35	2	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	9.99	40	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	7.25	1	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	3.4	1	1	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	4.26	19	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	3.4	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; phenols	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.13	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	3.78	3	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	3.7	10	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	9.26	68	5	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	2.37	2	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	7.92	27	1	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
acetyl phosphate acetyl dihydrogen phosphate : An acyl monophosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.	2.35	2	0	acyl monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
adenine [no description available]	11.68	60	6	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	3.04	5	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	12.61	502	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	5.16	44	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.33	7	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	3.79	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.72	3	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	4.95	12	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	3.09	5	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	6.46	13	1	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	4.18	17	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.9	4	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	2.95	4	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	5.72	28	0	amino-acid anion
carbamic acid carbamic acid : A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.	3.59	2	0	carbon oxoacid; one-carbon compound; organonitrogen compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
carbamyl phosphate Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).	1.97	1	0	acyl monophosphate; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	5.02	13	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	6.21	10	1	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	1.97	1	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	13.06	10	3	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	2.67	3	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	11.61	188	2	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	9.3	88	2	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	12.31	142	9	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	20.84	655	7	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	7.73	51	1	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	8.05	5	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	10.08	10	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
aminoethylphosphonic acid Aminoethylphosphonic Acid: An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.. (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.	8.62	9	0	phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.66	3	0	alkane	xenobiotic
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.15	1	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.	3.55	8	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	5.69	23	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	6.06	28	1	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.36	2	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.15	1	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.36	2	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	2.15	1	0	alpha-amino acid
trimetaphosphoric acid trimetaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclotriphosphoric acid : The cyclic anhydride of triphosphoric acid.	3.37	6	0	cyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; inorganic heterocyclic compound; phosphorus oxoacid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	6.32	27	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.	3.12	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	ethylene releasers; plant metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	4.87	13	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	1.96	1	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.38	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	4.9	1	1	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
creatine [no description available]	13.56	183	6	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	10.08	14	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	12.47	123	5	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	2.35	2	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.	7.64	3	0	glycerone phosphates; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	2.39	2	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	4.86	11	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.87	4	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	4.93	12	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.	2.87	4	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	algal metabolite; fundamental metabolite
glycine [no description available]	7.74	90	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	2.34	2	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	10.16	103	3	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available]	5.34	13	1	glycerol monophosphate	algal metabolite; human metabolite
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	3.11	5	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	2.71	3	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycocyamine glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.	6.93	1	0	guanidinoacetic acids; zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.04	1	0	carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid	mouse metabolite
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	5.02	12	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	14.68	247	14	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	7.91	38	1	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	12.98	320	2	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.74	3	0	imidazole
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	4.81	30	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	12.42	155	4	diatomic iodine	nutrient
itaconic acid itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	2.71	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; olefinic compound	fungal metabolite; human metabolite
2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate [no description available]	2.88	4	0
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	1.94	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.36	2	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	2.13	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.41	1	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	8.03	115	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	15.93	326	33	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	11.88	93	8	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	12.19	9	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
naphthalene [no description available]	7.68	3	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	7.67	114	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	16.47	23	7	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	11.27	20	5	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	17.46	715	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	3.75	10	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	2.45	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	10.12	226	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	7.14	62	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
hydroxide ion [no description available]	5.44	18	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	3.56	9	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	1.92	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	13	39	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.66	3	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	3.11	5	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	8.45	8	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	5.01	13	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	6.7	46	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	7.42	2	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	8.19	5	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	4.95	11	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	5.85	97	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	10.08	14	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	12.93	35	2	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.	4.29	19	0	phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound	algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.9	3	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	2.25	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	3.81	12	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.	2.6	1	0	orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	6.13	5	1	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.22	6	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	4.62	25	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	2.87	4	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	8.74	11	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	7.91	4	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	3.2	6	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	2.04	1	0	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	8.41	7	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal [no description available]	7.64	3	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	8.56	9	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine [no description available]	2.35	2	0	aminoalkylpyridine; hydroxymethylpyridine; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine phosphate pyridoxamine phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate : A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine.	1.95	1	0	aminoalkylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	8.32	23	2	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	5.37	23	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.	2.72	3	0	aliphatic sulfide	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	7.78	12	3	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	2.7	3	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	4.01	4	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	3.18	4	0	selenium oxoacid
selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.	2.99	4	0	selenium oxoacid
shikimic acid-3-phosphate shikimic acid-3-phosphate: RN given refers to (3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5beta))-isomer; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	3.66	10	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	3.06	5	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	3.97	4	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	8.58	9	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	4.39	20	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	5.39	4	1	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	8.76	11	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	10.04	52	2	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	3.82	12	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	3.67	10	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	2	1	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	10.28	13	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	16.61	345	23	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	15.29	428	22	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	3.91	3	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	2.91	4	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isocitric acid isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group.	2.1	1	0	secondary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	1.98	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source	1.95	1	0
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.	2.64	3	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols	human metabolite
mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer	1.92	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes	antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.04	1	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	1.98	1	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets	1.98	1	0
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	5.13	15	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
pd 173074 [no description available]	2.25	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; dimethoxybenzene; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.	1.95	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; trichlorobenzene	defoliant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.86	4	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	8.57	3	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-aminofluorene [no description available]	2.4	2	0
alpha-hydroxymyristic acid 2-hydroxymyristic acid : A long-chain fatty acid that is a derivative of myristic acid having a hydroxy substituent at C-2.	2	1	0	2-hydroxy fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	2.86	4	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	2.43	2	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	7.68	3	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.08	1	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.	1.95	1	0	aminopropionitrile	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.73	11	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.	2.41	2	0	1-pyrroline nitrones	neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent
phenytoin [no description available]	9.69	30	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.	2.39	2	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	2.86	4	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
acephate acephate : A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.	2.1	1	0	mixed diacylamine; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	8.29	6	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	6.51	18	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	1.94	1	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.96	1	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
6-acetylaminocaproic acid 6-acetylaminocaproic acid: wound-healing agent component of plasmutan	2.01	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.	2.34	2	0
alachlor alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.	2.43	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	1.95	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	8.52	32	13	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	1.94	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	1.95	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
aluminum fluoride [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aluminium coordination entity
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	2.67	3	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	1.98	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	8.03	5	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	5.91	20	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	1.99	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	7.37	2	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.78	3	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	4.46	5	1	barbiturates
amprolium Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.	1.95	1	0	pyridinium ion	coccidiostat
anastrozole [no description available]	3.48	1	1	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
9-anthroic acid 9-anthroic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; chloride channel blocker; do not confuse with c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) which is frequently abbreviated as ANCA. 9-anthroic acid : An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.	2.43	2	0	anthroic acid
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	3.05	5	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	8.06	5	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.91	3	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.39	2	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	4.35	19	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	3.34	7	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	1.94	1	0	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
azosemide azosemide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.	1.96	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide; tetrazoles; thiophenes	loop diuretic
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	2.35	2	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	1.96	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bencyclane Bencyclane: A vasodilator agent found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. It has various other potentially useful pharmacological effects. Its mechanism may involve block of calcium channels.	6.97	1	0	benzenes
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	1.94	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	1.95	1	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
bentazone bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.	2	1	0	benzothiadiazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	5.64	5	1	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	5.8	6	1	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
butylbenzyl phthalate spatozoate: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	benzyl ester
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	1.98	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	7.45	2	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
betahistine Betahistine: A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.. betahistine : An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a 2-(methylamino)ethyl group at position 2. It acts as a histamine agonist and a vasodilator, and is thought to improve the microcirculation of the labyrinth, resulting in reduced endolymphatic pressure. It is used (generally as the hydrochloride or mesylate salt) to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease.	1.99	1	0	aminoalkylpyridine; secondary amino compound	H1-receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	3.41	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	7.08	1	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	6.98	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	6.99	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	2.62	3	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.	2.25	1	0	organoarsenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	9.68	27	2	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	5.56	23	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
beta-glycerophosphoric acid beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro. glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position.	4.04	14	0	glycerol monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.	1.96	1	0	imidazolium ion	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.37	2	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	7.34	13	3	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.4	2	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.67	3	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	2.05	1	0	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.88	4	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	3.45	7	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	7.72	3	0	pyridinium ion
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	7.34	2	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness	1.94	1	0	diarylmethane
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	7.64	3	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	6.33	15	1	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	1.95	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	5.53	17	1	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	7.34	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	3.35	6	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	7.86	4	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	3.34	7	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol [no description available]	2.46	2	0
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	3.31	5	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	7.44	2	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.42	2	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	1.95	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	7.66	3	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	1.96	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	6.97	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.	3.83	2	1	cresol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
cyclocreatine cyclocreatine: structure given in first source	2.69	3	0
cyclofenil Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.	2.36	2	0	organic molecular entity
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	1.96	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	1.97	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	3.16	5	0	indoles	fluorochrome
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	1.95	1	0	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
decamethonium decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	3.8	1	1	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	10.46	12	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.42	2	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	1.97	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2.36	2	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	7.65	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.66	2	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	1.98	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	6.98	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	3.51	7	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	5.69	5	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	2.73	3	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	6.22	28	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2.86	4	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	4.43	8	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	4.28	6	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dimethadione Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.	2	1	0	oxazolidinone
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	8.04	5	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
dimetridazole Dimetridazole: A compound used to treat histomoniasis in poultry.. dimetridazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl groups. An antiprotozoal drug, it has been banned by both the Government of Canada and the European Union as a livestock feed additive owing to suspicions of it being carcinogenic.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihexadecanoyl phosphatidic acid : A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).	1.97	1	0	phosphatidic acid
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	3.28	2	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	8.77	2	1	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disulfoton Disulfoton: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. disulfoton : An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.	1.93	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
ditercalinium ditercalinium: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.66	3	0
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.5	2	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	6.31	6	2	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	7.02	1	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	5.26	3	1	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	2.68	3	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	1.96	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	3.86	12	0
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	3.82	12	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	3.19	6	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethion ethion: minor descriptor (73-82); online & Index Medicus search INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (73-82). ethion : An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7).	7.03	1	0	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	1.94	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	10.39	72	8	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	8.61	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.36	2	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	2.37	2	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fendiline Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.	6.97	1	0	diarylmethane
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	6.98	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	7.38	2	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fenthion Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.	2.34	2	0	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
fenvalerate fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; monochlorobenzenes	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	7.82	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	4.11	16	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	7.67	9	3	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.	1.97	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	3.36	1	1	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	4.79	12	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	8.34	54	2	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	6.28	20	2
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	4.2	17	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	1.95	1	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.67	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	6.56	34	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	3.22	6	0
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.91	4	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.35	2	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	2.35	2	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.38	2	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	1.99	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	5.98	19	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	6.29	14	1	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	2.9	1	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	1.98	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol [no description available]	1.95	1	0	stilbenoid
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.63	3	0	barbiturates
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.67	3	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.88	4	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	7.19	28	4	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.68	3	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hypericin [no description available]	2.15	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.54	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	3.59	9	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
ifosfamide [no description available]	7.9	4	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	7.64	3	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	1.97	1	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	5.92	14	2	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	2.01	1	0	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iodoacetamide [no description available]	2.67	3	0
ipriflavone ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.	4.29	4	1	aromatic ether; isoflavones	bone density conservation agent
iproniazid [no description available]	2.63	3	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.67	3	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	5.19	3	1	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	8.33	7	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	3.22	6	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	4.04	15	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	5.39	4	1	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	3.78	3	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	4.9	1	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.37	2	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	1.97	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.	1.99	1	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids	human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
lamotrigine [no description available]	7.03	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	8.41	2	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
tetramisole 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.	1.94	1	0	imidazothiazole	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	7.42	2	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	7	1	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	5	2	1	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	4.15	17	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
edaravone [no description available]	4.9	1	1	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	1.93	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	4.13	17	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.36	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	1.95	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	4.61	1	1	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.67	3	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	4.9	1	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	2.35	2	0	organic molecular entity
mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.	1.94	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound	hallucinogen
mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.	1.95	1	0	phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	2.36	2	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	3.27	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	5.59	5	1	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methamidophos methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.	2.43	2	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	2.37	2	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.05	1	0	polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine	antibacterial drug
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.35	2	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)	1.95	1	0	benzothiadiazine
nocodazole [no description available]	2	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.94	4	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	6.85	19	1	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
metolachlor metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom.	4.09	4	0	aromatic amide; benzenes; ether; organochlorine compound
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	1.95	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	2.34	2	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	7.02	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.54	2	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.91	4	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	4.57	8	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	2.65	3	0	purine nucleoside
nalidixic acid [no description available]	1.94	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	3.88	13	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
netropsin Netropsin: A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.	1.99	1	0
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	7.25	1	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	3.19	6	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	6.98	1	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.88	4	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.38	2	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	3.8	2	1	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.1	1	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	3.2	5	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
norfluoxetine norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.69	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	6.99	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.9	2	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	6.47	7	2	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	1.93	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.05	1	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.41	1	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2.44	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	1.93	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	1.94	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
pamidronate [no description available]	8.44	14	2	phosphonoacetic acid
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	6.95	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	8.04	4	0	monochlorophenol
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	7.43	2	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 153035 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source. PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.	1.94	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; bromobenzenes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.74	11	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.89	4	0	oxopurine
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	6.96	1	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.34	2	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenmetrazine Phenmetrazine: A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. phenmetrazine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted with a phenyl group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3.	1.93	1	0	morpholines	metabolite; sympathomimetic agent
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	14.96	41	5	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	1.94	1	0	phenols
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	3.33	7	0	aromatic amine
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	8.03	5	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.38	2	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
phorate Phorate: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. phosphatidylcholine O-34:2 : A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 34 carbons and 2 double bonds.	1.99	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	1.98	1	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
piperazine [no description available]	7.6	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	4.1	3	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	6.42	42	1	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	2.03	1	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	2.66	3	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	3.33	7	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.64	3	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.66	10	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	1.95	1	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	9.55	8	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	1.96	1	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	1.93	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	1.94	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
prometryne Prometryne: A triazine used as a selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). prometryn : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methylsulfanediyl group at position 6.	3.14	4	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
propanil Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.	1.95	1	0	anilide; dichlorobenzene	herbicide
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.07	1	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	12.52	24	2	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.07	1	0
pseudohypericin pseudohypericin: structure given in first source	2.15	1	0
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.42	2	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
ronidazole Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; carbamate ester; imidazoles	antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
roxarsone Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.	9.29	5	0	2-nitrophenols; organoarsonic acid	agrochemical; animal growth promotant; antibacterial drug; coccidiostat
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	7.15	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
sarpogrelate sarpogrelate: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	hemisuccinate; stilbenoid
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.	3.76	2	1	barbiturates	anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative
carbamylhydrazine carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.93	1	0	carbohydrazide; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound; ureas
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.25	1	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	7.72	2	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.45	2	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sodium fluoride [no description available]	9.69	55	5	fluoride salt	mutagen
fluoroacetic acid fluoroacetic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd. fluoroacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by fluorine.	1.94	1	0	haloacetic acid; organofluorine compound	EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitor
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	8.06	5	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	7.24	11	3	pyridines
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.87	4	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.41	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	2.63	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	1.94	1	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine	1.96	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic	antiinfective agent
sulfamerazine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.21	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	3.75	8	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfamonomethoxine Sulfamonomethoxine: Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent.	7.31	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
sulfanilamide [no description available]	8.32	7	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	1.92	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	4.29	6	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.17	1	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.66	3	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	7.88	4	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.66	3	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2.63	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	7.34	2	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.84	4	0	aziridines
nikethamide Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)	2.63	3	0	pyridinecarboxamide
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	2.33	2	0	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	5.34	14	1	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
tremorine [no description available]	2.35	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
triacetin Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.. triacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.	6.97	1	0	triglyceride	adjuvant; antifungal drug; food additive carrier; food emulsifier; food humectant; fuel additive; plant metabolite; solvent
trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.	1.95	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
triclosan [no description available]	5.19	10	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	7.87	4	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	6.93	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	2.34	2	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.	1.92	1	0	aromatic amine
thenoyltrifluoroacetone Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.	3.12	1	0
tyramine [no description available]	7.4	2	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urethane [no description available]	4.73	10	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
usnic acid [no description available]	2.35	2	0	benzofurans
viloxazine Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.	6.96	1	0	aromatic ether
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	2.43	2	0
2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	2.37	2	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.61	2	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	7.4	2	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	7.03	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	6.99	1	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.66	3	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.4	2	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	4.17	17	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	13.5	39	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	3.25	6	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	3.04	5	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	8.55	9	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.87	4	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	10.79	22	1	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	3.45	8	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	5.97	36	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	2.38	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	2.84	4	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	15.84	403	24	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	11.76	129	3	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	2.63	3	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	3.46	8	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	4.32	2	2	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	5.5	6	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aldosterone [no description available]	12.43	18	3	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.	1.93	1	0	tartrate salt	antihypertensive agent
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	5.18	16	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	8.46	8	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
lynestrenol Lynestrenol: A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.35	2	0	steroid
norethandrolone Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.	3.19	6	0	corticosteroid hormone
famophos famophos: structure	1.94	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	15.77	56	6	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	3.75	11	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fluprednisolone Fluprednisolone: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.	1.94	1	0	fluorinated steroid
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.	4.58	3	2	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
androsterone [no description available]	2.36	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	6	6	1	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.	2.02	1	0
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	7.36	2	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.	1.95	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.63	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	1.94	1	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	8.03	5	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	3.06	5	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	9.17	53	1	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
pheniprazine pheniprazine: was heading 1963-94; use HYDRAZINES to search PHENIPRAZINE 1966-94	2.34	2	0	amphetamines
methyldimethylaminoazobenzene Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene: A very potent liver carcinogen.. 3-methyl-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene : A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group, while the other is substituted at position 4 by a dimethylamino group. It is a potent liver carcinogen.	1.94	1	0
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	5.83	32	0	dialkyl phosphate
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	7.65	3	0	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	5.3	18	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	6.71	57	1	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	5.47	67	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.	6.92	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	1.93	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	2.15	1	0	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	4.3	20	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	12.27	52	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	9.21	18	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	9.16	76	2	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	6.27	49	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	4.01	15	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	14.04	169	15	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	6.62	20	3	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.13	5	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	3.18	6	0	steroid ester
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2.87	4	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	4.61	6	1	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	7.63	3	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	6.03	16	2	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
puromycin aminonucleoside 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.	1.94	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	17.46	169	3	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	3.79	10	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	10.53	23	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	2.68	3	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.74	3	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	6.93	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.66	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	8.04	87	1	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.78	3	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.36	2	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	8.93	163	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	8.19	6	0	azobenzenes
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	6.97	29	3	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	8.45	8	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
phlorhizin [no description available]	7.86	4	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	1.94	1	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	8.95	77	1	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.37	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
n,n-dimethyltryptamine N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.	2.9	1	0	tryptamine alkaloid; tryptamines
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	1.95	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	1.95	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	4.68	9	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	11.92	23	1	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline [no description available]	7.94	4	0	anilines; primary arylamine
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	12.58	32	9	calcium salt	chelator
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.03	1	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	2.88	4	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	3.07	5	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.36	7	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	9.59	77	1	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	8.97	63	2	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	4.07	15	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	5.24	17	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	8.33	7	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	6.05	9	1	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
etimizol Etimizol: A xanthine-related, putative nootropic drug.	2.36	2	0
cytidine [no description available]	7.66	3	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.37	2	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-hexanal [no description available]	2.21	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	4.31	20	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	4.05	15	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
barbituric acid barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.	3.95	4	0	barbiturates	allergen; xenobiotic
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	5.87	24	1	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
dimethyl sulfone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	sulfone
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	1.95	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	5.37	7	2	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	8.07	5	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	6.51	8	2	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	1.94	1	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	1.94	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.93	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	4.26	19	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	3.57	9	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	4.45	7	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.69	3	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	3.48	8	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available]	2.33	2	0	acetophenones
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	12.89	35	2	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	2.38	2	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.	1.97	1	0	chloroethanes	polar solvent
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	3.77	2	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	3.45	8	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	3.97	14	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	10.4	8	2	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	1.94	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
alizarin [no description available]	3.13	5	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)	2.38	2	0	chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	xenobiotic metabolite
methandrostenolone Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)	1.94	1	0	organic molecular entity
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	10.66	26	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	3.56	9	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	9.2	55	2	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.	7.33	2	0	bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides	algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	9.15	5	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	8.47	27	1	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	3.7	10	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.	2.05	1	0	chloromethanes; methyl halides	marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	8.82	11	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
bromoethane bromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.	1.92	1	0	bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; refrigerant; solvent
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	2.41	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.73	3	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.02	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	7.66	3	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	3.33	7	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
phosgene Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent.	1.98	1	0	acyl chloride
nitromethane nitromethane: structure. nitromethane : A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models.	2.03	1	0	primary nitroalkane; volatile organic compound	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; explosive; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
bromotrichloromethane Bromotrichloromethane: A potent liver poison. In rats, bromotrichloromethane produces about three times the degree of liver microsomal lipid peroxidation as does carbon tetrachloride.	2.37	2	0
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	2.39	2	0	fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.38	2	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
methyl sulfate methyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl sulfate : An alkyl sulfate that is the monomethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.03	1	0	alkyl sulfate; one-carbon compound
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	4.83	35	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	3.58	2	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
chloropicrin chloropicrin: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED (66-85); Index Medicus search CHLOROPICRIN (66-85). chloropicrin : A C-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union.	3.07	3	0	C-nitro compound; one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antifungal agrochemical; fumigant insecticide; nematicide
fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.	1.95	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	3.01	4	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	13.28	51	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
tabun tabun: proposed as military nerve gas and exptl cholinesterase inhibitor; extremely poisonous; structure	3.08	5	0
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	3.83	12	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
2-acetyltributylcitrate [no description available]	2.21	1	0	organooxygen compound
quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.	2.31	1	0
tetraethoxysilane [no description available]	1.96	1	0
tri-o-cresyl phosphate tri-o-cresyl phosphate: see also related IMOL S-140	1.94	1	0
dioxathion dioxathion: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.93	1	0	dioxanes
triethyl phosphate triethyl phosphate: structure. triethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of phosphoric acid.	2.4	2	0	trialkyl phosphate
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate: inhibitor of drug-protein binding; present in stoppers of blood sample 'vacutainers'. tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.	2.53	2	0	trialkyl phosphate	environmental contaminant; flame retardant
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	3.6	9	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-diaminopropane 1,2-diaminopropane: RN given for parent cpd without isomeric designation. propylenediamine : A diamine that is propane substituted by amino groups at positions 1 and 2. Propylenediamine is commonly used as a bidentate ligand in the formation of coordination complexes.	1.97	1	0	diamine	ligand
3-buten-2-one buten-2-one : A methyl ketone that is butan-2-one with an unsaturation at position 3.	2.02	1	0	enone; methyl ketone
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	1.94	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	4.01	4	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	3.67	9	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	2.06	1	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.4	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pempidine Pempidine: A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs.	1.93	1	0	piperidines
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	12.43	15	1	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	6.4	11	1	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
alpha-pinene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pinene	plant metabolite
methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.	2.1	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	3.23	6	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	3.2	5	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.	1.94	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine	antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	5.61	10	2	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	8.46	8	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	2.06	1	0	organobromine compound; pyridines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fluorene [no description available]	6.93	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.	7.8	3	0	naphthylacetic acid	synthetic auxin
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	1.95	1	0	penicillanic acids
2,6-dichlorophenol 2,6-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,6-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol with the chloro substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.03	1	0	dichlorophenol
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	5.62	10	2
2,4,6-trichlorophenol [no description available]	2.15	1	0	trichlorophenol	carcinogenic agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	3.28	6	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.	2.02	1	0	aldono-1,5-lactone; gluconolactone	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.5	2	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
decalin decalin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; don't confuse with decaline which has a nitrogen at the juncture of the two rings;. trans-decalin : The trans-stereoisomer of decalin.. decalin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene.	1.97	1	0	ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon	solvent
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	6.95	7	2	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	1.93	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	2.41	2	0
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.34	2	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
proflavine Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.	1.94	1	0	aminoacridines	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; chromophore; intercalator
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.41	2	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	7.63	3	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.59	2	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
thiohexam thiohexam: rubber cure accelerator	2.03	1	0
2-chlorophenol chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.	2.21	1	0	2-halophenol; monochlorophenol
2,4-diaminophenol 2,4-diaminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.93	1	0
2,4,5-trichlorophenol 2,4,5-trichlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2,4,5-trichlorophenol : A trichlorophenol carrying chloro groups at positions 2, 4 and 5.	2.07	1	0	trichlorophenol
dilactide dilactide: structure given in first source	2.41	1	0	dioxanes
3-methylpentane 3-methylpentane : An alkane that is pentane which is substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It is used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a lubricant and as a raw material for producing carbon black.	2.15	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	allelochemical; human metabolite; non-polar solvent
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	2.91	4	0	phosphonic ester
2,4-di-tert-butylphenol 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol: structure given in first source. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying two tert-butyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.11	1	0	alkylbenzene; phenols	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.	1.98	1	0	5-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene dimethacrylate ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.15	1	0	enoate ester	allergen; cross-linking reagent; polymerisation monomer
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	3.32	5	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	3.77	2	1	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.36	2	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	3.53	8	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.	2.21	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones	allergen
4-bromophenacyl bromide 4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure	1.98	1	0
terephthalic acid terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids.	2.01	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	2.21	1	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
benzyl chloride benzyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. chlorophenylmethane : A chlorohydrocarbon that is phenylmethane substituted by a chloro group at unspecified position.. benzyl chloride : A member of the class of benzyl chlorides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with chlorine.	1.99	1	0	benzyl chlorides
benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.	1.98	1	0	aralkylamine; primary amine	allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	1.94	1	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	2.35	2	0	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
triclocarban triclocarban: bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure. triclocarban : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.	2.86	3	0	dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-aminodiphenylamine 4-aminodiphenylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-aminodiphenylamine : An aromatic amine that is the 4-amino derivative of diphenylamine.	2.62	3	0	aromatic amine; secondary amino compound	allergen
4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate: used as a hardening agent incorporated in polyurethanes. diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate : A diisocyanate consisting of diphenylmethane with two isocyanate groups at the 4- and 4'-positions.	1.98	1	0	diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
boric acid [no description available]	2.78	3	0	boric acids	astringent
2-ethylhexanol [no description available]	6.97	1	0	primary alcohol	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
ethyl bromoacetate [no description available]	4.9	1	1
methylhexaneamine [no description available]	3.18	1	0	alkylamine
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.91	2	1	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
4-chlorotoluene 4-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes
4-toluidine 4-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is para to the methyl group.	1.94	1	0	aminotoluene
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.	4.95	2	1	epoxide; organochlorine compound
glycidyl methacrylate glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.	2.05	1	0	enoate ester; epoxide
allyl bromide [no description available]	2.11	1	0
1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.	2.25	1	0	butadiene	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
acrylonitrile [no description available]	9.49	5	1	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.1	1	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
sarin Sarin: An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.. isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate : A phosphinic ester that is the isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid.. sarin : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-sarin. A potent and irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is toxic to the nervous system and is employed as a chemical warfare agent.	8.66	10	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphinic ester
tetraethyl pyrophosphate tetraethyl pyrophosphate: topical agent for glaucoma; structure	3.94	14	0	organic diphosphate
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.68	3	0	alkane
maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.	7.49	2	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans	allergen
mesitylene mesitylene: structure. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.	2.06	1	0	trimethylbenzene
cyanuric chloride cyanuric chloride : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.	2.1	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; organochlorine compound	cross-linking reagent
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	3.78	3	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
cyanuric acid cyanuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocyanuric acid : The keto tautomer of cyanuric acid.. cyanuric acid : The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.	2.59	2	0	1,3,5-triazinanes; 1,3,5-triazines; heteroaryl hydroxy compound	xenobiotic
bromobenzene [no description available]	2.42	2	0	bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound	hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent
chlorobenzene [no description available]	2.08	1	0	monochlorobenzenes	solvent
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	2.75	3	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [no description available]	2.49	2	0
n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.	2.04	1	0	short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	2.97	4	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
n-butyronitrile [no description available]	1.97	1	0	aliphatic nitrile
vinyl ether vinyl ether: major descriptor (65-85); on-line search VINYL COMPOUNDS (66-85); Index Medicus search VINYL ETHER (65-85)	2.08	1	0	ether
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	8.91	12	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	7.37	2	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	5.86	7	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
n,n,n',n'-tetramethylethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine : An ethylenediamine derivative in which each nitrogen carries two methyl substituents. It is widely employed both as a ligand for metal ions and as a catalyst in organic polymerisation.	2.08	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	catalyst; chelator
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	4.61	1	1	fatty acid ester
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.07	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
1,2-dimethoxyethane 1,2-dimethoxyethane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties. 1,2-dimethoxyethane : A diether that is the 1,2-dimethyl ether of ethane-1,2-diol.	1.99	1	0	diether	non-polar solvent
cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.	2.06	1	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
piperidine [no description available]	2.43	2	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	1.97	1	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
diethylenetriamine diethylenetriamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine
dodecyltrimethylammonium dodecyltrimethylammonium: used to determine thermal stability of DNA; RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
pelargonic acid pelargonic acid: K salt acts as cariostatic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nonanoic acid : A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.	2.05	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antifeedant; Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	2.86	4	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83	7.65	3	0	steroid ester
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.63	3	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
obidoxime chloride Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.	2.36	2	0
propylene propylene: structure	7.37	2	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.35	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
triphenyl phosphate triphenyl phosphate: structure. triphenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.	8.32	5	0	aryl phosphate	flame retardant; plasticiser
tetradifon tetradifon: acaricide; ovicide on deciduous fruits, citrus, cotton and other crops; structure. tetradifon : A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorine at position 4, while the other is substituted by a chlorine at positions 2, 4, and 5.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; sulfone; trichlorobenzene
1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid: reagent for removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution	6.94	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	mutagen
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.98	4	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	3.08	5	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	4.71	7	1	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
dianisidine Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.	1.93	1	0	biphenyls
anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.	7.54	2	0	acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.54	2	0	dichlorophenol
2,4-dinitrotoluene 2,4-dinitrotoluene : A dinitrotoluene in which the methyl group is ortho to one of the nitro groups and para to the other. It is the most common isomer of dinitrotoluene.	2.02	1	0	dinitrotoluene
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
triethylamine [no description available]	2.43	2	0	tertiary amine
iodoantipyrine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
dimethyl phthalate dimethyl phthalate: used as plasticizer in computer mouse; structure	2.03	1	0	diester; methyl ester; phthalate ester
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	1.98	1	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. naptalam : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide which results from addition of one equivalent of 1-naphthylamine to phthalic anhydride.	2.08	1	0	carboxylic acid; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; N-(1-naphthyl)carboxamide	herbicide
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	3.51	8	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
fluorodeoxyuridylate Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.	1.97	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	11.35	12	1	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
2-ethylhexanoic acid 2-ethylhexanoic acid: structure in first source; wood preservative; 2-ethylhexanoic acid is active ingredient in Sinesto B	6.97	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	2.42	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	4.48	4	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
n-(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid N-(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.43	2	0
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	4.9	1	1	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	1.99	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	2.31	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
monomethylarsonic acid monomethylarsonic acid: structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	arsonic acids; one-carbon compound; organoarsonic acid
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.88	4	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	1.93	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
potassium cyanide [no description available]	5.74	6	1	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
aziridine [no description available]	7.43	2	0	azacycloalkane; aziridines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	alkylating agent
octamethyl pyrophosphoramide octamethyl pyrophosphoramide: structure	1.92	1	0	phosphorodiamide
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.74	3	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
sulfalene Sulfalene: Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.	2.41	1	0	pyrazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide
dydrogesterone [no description available]	3.84	2	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.89	3	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	3.73	11	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
homoarginine L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.	2.04	1	0	homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	2.58	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.69	3	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.85	4	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	1.99	1	0	indazole
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	4.93	2	1	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.53	2	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	6.4	11	1	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	5.91	7	1	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	3.62	9	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	6.49	14	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	3.09	5	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.87	4	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	1.94	1	0	steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	2	1	0	organic cation
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.41	2	0	organic cation
calcium gluconate [no description available]	9.65	29	6	calcium salt	nutraceutical
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	8.08	5	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
ronnel ronnel: FENCHLORPHOS was heading 1972-95 (Prov 1972-73); RONNEL was see FENCHLORPHOS 1975-95; use FENCHLORPHOS (NM) to search FENCHLORPHOS 1972-95	1.93	1	0	organic thiophosphate
diiodotyrosine Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis.	1.95	1	0	diiodotyrosine; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	8.65	10	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	1.94	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
stibine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	antimony hydride; mononuclear parent hydride
paraoxon [no description available]	3.21	6	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
perfluorotributylamine perfluorotributylamine: perfluorochemical (3M Co) artificial O(2) carrier. perfluorotributylamine : An organofluorine compound that is tributylamine in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorine atoms.	1.96	1	0	organofluorine compound	blood substitute; greenhouse gas; solvent
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	1.97	1	0
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.62	3	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	3.21	6	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.67	3	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
6-aminonicotinamide 6-Aminonicotinamide: A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.. 6-aminonicotinamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion and synergizes with DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, in killing cancer cells.	7.88	4	0	aminopyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary amino compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; teratogenic agent
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	7.72	3	0	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	2.35	2	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	2.78	3	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
perfluorodecanoic acid perfluorodecanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated decanoic acid.	1.98	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tetrapropylammonium tetrapropylammonium: more than 12 salts of above cpd in Chemline. tetrapropylammonium : A quarternary ammonium cation with four propyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.31	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	7.34	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
methylthioinosine Methylthioinosine: 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position.	1.99	1	0	purine ribonucleoside; thiopurine
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	1.94	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.37	2	0	steroid ester
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	1.96	1	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
trans-1,4-bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane dihydrochloride trans-1,4-Bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane Dihydrochloride: An anti-cholesteremic agent that inhibits delta 7-reductase, delta 14 reductase, and sterol biosynthesis.	1.95	1	0
mipafox mipafox: structure	7.34	2	0	phosphoramide
perfluorobutyric acid perfluorobutyric acid: ion pairing reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorobutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated butyric acid.	2.6	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	chromatographic reagent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	3.34	7	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
trifluoroacetic anhydride [no description available]	2.68	3	0
silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses	2.01	1	0	organosilicon compound
cyanamide Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.	7.37	2	0	nitrile; one-carbon compound	EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
beta-cyclocitral beta-cyclocitral: structure in first source. beta-cyclocitral : A monoterpenoid formally derived from citral by cyclisation. It is a volatile compound produced by a cyanobacteria.	3.95	3	0	monoterpenoid	bacterial metabolite
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	3.75	2	1	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	3.65	10	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	3.79	8	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
dicyandiamido dicyandiamido: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.	2.92	4	0	guanidines; nitrile	curing agent; explosive; fertilizer; flame retardant; nitrification inhibitor
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	3.2	6	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	2.05	1	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
propadiene [no description available]	2.45	2	0	allenes
ketene ketene: structure. ketene : Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group.	2.1	1	0	ketene
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.35	2	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	18.6	294	53	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
hopane hopane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	terpenoid fundamental parent; triterpene
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	1.95	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	9.02	14	0
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.03	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
cdta CDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.37	2	0	organooxygen compound
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.	3.12	1	0	acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	3.05	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	2.65	3	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.66	3	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.74	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
pamaquine pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.92	1	0	aminoquinoline
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	2.08	1	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
methyl red methyl red: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methyl red : An azo dye consisting of benzoic acid substituted at position 2 by a 4-[(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl group.	1.96	1	0
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	2.77	3	0	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
isomaltose [no description available]	1.99	1	0
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	2.35	2	0	quinone imine	dye
biphenylacetylene biphenylacetylene : An arylacetylene that is acetylene in which the hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.03	1	0	arylacetylene; benzenes	fluorochrome
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	7.41	1	0	epsilon-lactone
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.6	1	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
isovaleric acid isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.43	2	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methylbutyric acid; short-chain fatty acid	mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite
orcinol orcinol: used as reagent for pentoses, lignin, beet sugar, saccharoses, arabinose & diastase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orcinol : A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.	2.35	2	0	5-alkylresorcinol; dihydroxytoluene	Aspergillus metabolite
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	4.87	2	1
1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze.	1.92	1	0	propane-1,3-diols	metabolite; protic solvent
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	2.03	1	0	thiazolidine
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	1.92	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	3.21	6	0
thioacetic acid ethanethioic S-acid : A thioacetic acid that is acetic acid in which the oxygen atom of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a sulfur atom.	2.02	1	0	thioacetic acid
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.34	2	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
trimethyl phosphate trimethyl phosphate: request from searcher; structure. trimethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.25	1	0	trialkyl phosphate	insect attractant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
echothiophate iodide Echothiophate Iodide: A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.. ecothiopate iodide : The iodide salt of ecothiopate. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.	2.34	2	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	antiglaucoma drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
dithiazanine Dithiazanine: 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.. dithiazanine : A cationic C3-cyanine dye with 3-ethylbenzothiazol-2-yl groups at both ends.	1.94	1	0	benzothiazoles; benzothiazolium ion	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	1.93	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	4.96	2	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
psilocybin Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").	1.94	1	0	organic phosphate; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid	fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; prodrug; serotonergic agonist
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	1.94	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
androstenediol Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.	1.97	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	5.05	10	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.46	2	0
physcione physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.	2.03	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	3.46	7	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	6.34	39	1	organic molecular entity
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.	2.69	3	0
dazomet dazomet: fumigant for poultry litter & eggs to control salmonella; structure. dazomet : A dithiocarbamic ester that is 1,3,5-thiadiazinane with a thione moiety at position 2 and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A fungicide, herbicide and nematicide, it is used prior to sowing or planting for the control of soil fungi, nematodes, bacteria and germinating weeds, and as fumigant for poultry litter and eggs to control Salmonella. It is a non-ozone-depleting alternative to methyl bromide.	7.25	1	0	dithiocarbamic ester; thiadiazinane	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; herbicide; nematicide
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	9.76	9	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
oxophenarsine oxophenarsine: obsolete toxic arsenical for treatment of syphilis; useful against some neoplasms; major descriptor (64-83); on-line search ARSENICALS (64-83); Index Medicus search OXOPHENARSINE (64-83); structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.93	1	0	substituted aniline
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	2.89	4	0	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.	2.38	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	fuel additive; nephrotoxin; non-polar solvent
uranyl acetate uranyl acetate: used after fixation in uranaffin procedure; RN given refers to parent cpd	8.1	5	0
furtrethonium furtrethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; minor descriptor (75-79); on-line and Index Medicus search AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS (75-81)	1.92	1	0	aralkylamine
muscone muscone: structure in first source	4.61	1	1
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	10.15	43	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.41	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	2.74	3	0	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
triethylenephosphoramide Triethylenephosphoramide: An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent.	2.84	4	0	phosphoramide
magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.	8.84	14	5	carbonate salt; magnesium salt; one-carbon compound; organic magnesium salt	antacid; fertilizer
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.43	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.88	4	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	2.11	1	0	phenoxazine
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.38	2	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.39	2	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.67	3	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
diethylzinc [no description available]	2.15	1	0
glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)	4.75	31	0	glycerophosphocholine
siderite ferrous carbonate : A carbonate salt in which the counter-ion is iron in the +2 oxidation state.	2.48	2	0	carbonate mineral; carbonate salt; iron molecular entity; one-carbon compound
2-hydroxybutyric acid 2-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hydroxybutyric acid : Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.. 2-hydroxybutyric acid : A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.	2.15	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
malachite green malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.	8.49	8	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; teratogenic agent
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	5.17	2	1	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	thia fatty acid
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	2.1	1	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	1.98	1	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	10.49	2	1	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	2.21	1	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
trimethylantimony [no description available]	2	1	0
2-chloropropionic acid 2-chloropropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified chlorine locant; structure	2	1	0
triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.45	2	0	benzenes; tertiary phosphine	NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent
galactitol [no description available]	1.97	1	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-hydrazinobenzothiazole [no description available]	1.97	1	0
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	3.32	6	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
4,4'-bisphenol f 4,4'-bisphenol F: RN given refers to parent cpd. bisphenol F : A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.13	1	0	bisphenol; diarylmethane	environmental food contaminant; xenoestrogen
n-tetradecane tetradecane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms.	2.4	2	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	3.69	10	0
glycochenodeoxycholic acid Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.	1.96	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	5	13	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.	2.41	2	0	organic molecular entity
2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate 2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.	1.96	1	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
chromonar Chromonar: A coronary vasodilator agent.	1.98	1	0	coumarins
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	2.76	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	1.95	1	0
hempa Hempa: A chemosterilant agent that is anticipated to be a carcinogen.	1.96	1	0	phosphoramide	insect sterilant; mutagen
diethyl methanephosphonate [no description available]	2.33	2	0
hexafluoroacetone hexafluoroacetone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. hexafluoroacetone : A ketone that is acetone in which all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by fluoro groups.	3.1	1	0	ketone; perfluorinated compound	NMR chemical shift reference compound
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	2.68	3	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
hadacidin hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.	1.97	1	0	aldehyde; monocarboxylic acid; N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
dimethyl methylphosphonate [no description available]	2.91	4	0
carbophenothion carbophenothion: structure	1.93	1	0	organic sulfide
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.68	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dimethyl phosphate dimethyl phosphate: excreted in urine after exposure to mevinphos; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.66	3	0	dialkyl phosphate
calcium citrate Calcium Citrate: A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed). calcium citrate : An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.	10.21	4	3	organic calcium salt	flavouring agent; food additive; food preservative; nutraceutical
calcium lactate [no description available]	9.7	6	1
turinabol turinabol: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; do not confuse with related record for turinabol-oral	2.62	3	0	steroid ester
dihydrotestosterone propionate dihydrotestosterone propionate: RN given refers to (5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure	1.94	1	0
potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.	5.06	5	2	potassium salt	diuretic
alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine: metabolite of HCFU & 5-fluorouracil; structure in first source	2.38	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.98	4	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
2-chloroethylamine [no description available]	1.92	1	0
n-methylpyrrolidone 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.	2.03	1	0	lactam; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones	polar aprotic solvent
1-methylpyridinium 1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.93	1	0	methylpyridines
deoxycytidine [no description available]	8.1	11	3	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	1.96	1	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.	2.4	2	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylphosphonic acid methylphosphonic acid : A one-carbon compound that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus is substituted by a methyl group.	3.87	11	0	one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids
tri-n-butylphosphine [no description available]	1.93	1	0
deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	1.95	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ammonium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)	2.25	1	0	organooxygen compound
trimethyltin chloride trimethyltin chloride: induces atrophy of thymus, spleen & lymph nodes but causes no change in bone marrow	1.96	1	0
1-aminomethylphosphonic acid 1-aminomethylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate.	3.69	2	0	one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids
allylglycine Allylglycine: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.	2.03	1	0
phenylglyoxal [no description available]	2.01	1	0	phenylacetaldehydes
1,2-octanediol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	octanediol
pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde: structure in first source. 2-formylpyridine : A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a formyl group.	2.04	1	0	pyridinecarbaldehyde
pyrovalerone pyrovalerone: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonyms F 1983 & Centroton refer to HCl; structure	6.99	1	0	aromatic ketone
decabromobiphenyl ether decabromobiphenyl ether: a flame retardant. decabromodiphenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.	2.21	1	0	polybromodiphenyl ether	neurotoxin
carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.	7.36	2	0
gallium arsenide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
arsenic pentoxide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
calcium peroxide [no description available]	4.02	12	0	calcium oxides
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	14.35	253	6
cadmium sulfide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	cadmium molecular entity
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	3.01	4	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	6.57	59	0	alkali metal hydroxide
molybdenum trioxide [no description available]	2.8	3	0	molybdenum oxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	6.49	40	1	zinc molecular entity
thorium dioxide Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.	1.94	1	0	thorium molecular entity
vanadium pentoxide [no description available]	2.08	1	0	vanadium oxide
phosphorus sesquisulfide [no description available]	8.56	9	0
molybdenum disulfide [no description available]	2.15	1	0	sulfide salt
ferrous sulfide ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S	2.94	3	0
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	2.03	1	0
beta-pinene beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.	2.05	1	0	pinene	plant metabolite
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	5.68	15	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	2.41	1	0	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
ferrous oxide [no description available]	2.79	3	0	iron oxide
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.99	4	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.02	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	10.19	67	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	3.27	6	0
propanidid Propanidid: An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918)	1.94	1	0	methoxybenzenes
(ethylenedinitrilo)-tetramethylenephosphonic acid (ethylenedinitrilo)-tetramethylenephosphonic acid: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
1,2-epoxyhexane [no description available]	4.61	1	1
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.	5.47	8	2	diarylmethane
phenylphosphonic acid phenylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM same as N1	3.09	5	0	benzenes
1-aminopyrene [no description available]	2	1	0
strontium carbonate [no description available]	2.41	1	0
digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.	2.01	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol	hapten; plant metabolite
monolinuron monolinuron: structure in first source	7.01	1	0	ureas
4-octylphenol 4-octylphenol: xenoestrogen. 4-octylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by an octyl group.	2.13	1	0	phenols	metabolite; surfactant; xenoestrogen
5-methyltryptamine 5-methyltryptamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	tryptamines
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	7.68	3	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
picloram Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.	1.95	1	0	aminopyridine; chloropyridine; organochlorine pesticide; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	herbicide; synthetic auxin
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.96	1	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.5	1	1	tertiary amine
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	2.35	2	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	3.85	12	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
meldrum's acid Meldrum's acid: structure given in first source	7.13	1	0
flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.	1.94	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
octachloronaphthalene Perna: A genus of freshwater mussel in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is found in tropical and warm temperate coastal waters. Most species have green in their shells.	2.5	2	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.37	2	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
nile blue Nile Blue: RN given refers to chloride; structure. nile blue A : An organic chloride salt having 5-amino-9-(diethylamino)benzo[a]phenoxazin-7-ium as the couterion. fluorescent dye which is also a potent photosensitiser for photodynamic therapy.	2.08	1	0
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
didecyldimethylammonium didecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; deciquam 222 refers to bromide	2.21	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	4.84	11	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oxolanes
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).	2.04	1	0	sulfur coordination entity	greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent
ponceau 4r ponceau 4R: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.	2.38	2	0	UDP-D-glucuronic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.	1.98	1	0	UDP-D-galactose	mouse metabolite
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	4.39	2	2	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
metobromuron metobromuron: structure	2.01	1	0	ureas
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	1.98	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	4.27	16	0	primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.45	2	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
benzolamide Benzolamide: Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.	1.96	1	0
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	4.88	34	0	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	5.02	42	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	5.38	4	1	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	1.99	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
phenoxyacetic acid phenoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.	3.43	7	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant growth retardant
acedoben 4-acetamidobenzoic acid : A amidobenzoic acid that consists of benzoic acid bearing an acetamido substituent at position 4.	1.96	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
streptomycin [no description available]	5.68	27	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloric acid [no description available]	6.93	1	0	chlorine oxoacid
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	11.34	101	2	carbon oxoanion
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.	1.98	1	0	nitrosamine; primary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
l 451167 L 451167: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
thiophosphoryl chloride [no description available]	2.66	3	0
calcium propionate [no description available]	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	4.49	5	1
vantocil polihexanide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	7.68	3	0	aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	1.97	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.	7.38	2	0	2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	2.34	2	0
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	3.11	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	6.96	1	0	diadenosyl tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	3.76	2	1	dioxolane
ferrous lactate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	lactate salt
terbutylazine terbutylazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.06	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	2.45	2	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	3.09	5	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	4.15	15	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
olaflur Olaflur: cariostatic agent	2.39	2	0
sodium metasilicate sodium metasilicate: RN given refers to silicic acid, di-Na salt. sodium silicate : An inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion.	2.93	4	0	inorganic sodium salt
dimethylpropiothetin dimethylpropiothetin: has antineoplastic activity; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt. S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin : A sulfonium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionic acid.	2.03	1	0	sulfonium betaine	marine metabolite; osmolyte
hepes [no description available]	1.98	1	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	3.53	8	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	8.98	13	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	17.5	168	31	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	2.69	3	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	12.85	385	2	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	6.6	66	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	9.14	152	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neptunium Neptunium: A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93.	1.95	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	3.38	7	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.	1.96	1	0	monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	4.67	8	0	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	8.46	8	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	6.13	22	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	4.22	17	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	8.07	5	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.	2.4	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	2.44	2	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	5.09	13	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	7.68	19	1	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.76	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	2.68	3	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	9.22	52	3	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.	3	4	0	vanadium group element atom
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	5.65	19	1	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	8.5	8	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	4.34	20	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.	10.86	7	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	10.18	197	2	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	5.29	17	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
actinium Actinium: A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission.	2	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; scandium group element atom
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.86	4	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	2.91	4	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
arsine arsine: structure. arsine : Arsane (AsH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RAsH2, R2AsH, R3As (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary arsines, respectively. A specific arsine is preferably named as a substituted arsane.	2.37	2	0	arsanes; arsine; mononuclear parent hydride
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	11.08	278	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	4.53	23	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	8.42	138	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	3.72	10	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	5.07	39	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	11.38	12	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	7.92	78	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
hafnium Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.	2.03	1	0	titanium group element atom
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	4.15	5	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.	2.37	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	8.63	72	1	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	6.45	24	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	2.88	4	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	3.15	5	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	9.73	30	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	5.09	40	0	titanium group element atom
californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.35	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
lead phosphate lead phosphate: RN given refers to unspecified MF	2.41	1	0
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	4.17	16	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	9	42	2	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.38	2	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	4	4	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	5.76	17	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
titanium tetrachloride titanium tetrachloride: RN given refers to TiCl4	2.15	1	0
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	9.08	49	5	sodium phosphate
perchloric acid [no description available]	3.22	6	0	chlorine oxoacid
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	3.1	5	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
palladium chloride palladium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. palladium(II) chloride : A palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.	2.06	1	0	palladium coordination entity	catalyst
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	5.14	2	1	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	4.88	33	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	2.06	1	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
thionyl chloride thionyl chloride: methylating agent; structure given in first source. thionyl chloride : A sulfinyl halide in which both of the halide atoms are chorines.	1.98	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; sulfinyl halide
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	5.44	14	1	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	2.4	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.	7.36	60	0	mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine	carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	5.5	22	0	diatomic bromine
potassium persulfate [no description available]	2.77	3	0
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	3.09	5	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
monoethylglycinexylidide monoethylglycinexylidide: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; metabolite of xylocaine; structure. monoethylglycinexylidide : Amino acid amide formed from 2,6-dimethylaniline and N-ethylglycine components; an active metabolite of lidocaine, formed by oxidative deethylation. Used as an indicator of hepatic function.	7.66	3	0	amino acid amide	drug metabolite
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	3.13	5	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.	3.12	5	0	inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	4.74	7	1	inorganic sodium salt
magnesium phosphate (2:3) [no description available]	3.51	8	0	inorganic magnesium salt
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	9.06	58	3	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	9.88	60	7	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	16.27	327	23	calcium phosphate
ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.74	3	0	iron coordination entity
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	2.86	4	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	10.48	12	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
tungstate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; tungsten oxoanion
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	7.88	4	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	7.23	6	3	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	11.02	251	1	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	2.39	2	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
calcium hypochlorite calcium hypochlorite: structure	7.58	2	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt	bleaching agent
potassium sulfate potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4	2.44	2	0	inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt
zinc phosphate zinc phosphate: RN given refers to unspecified Zn salt; see also record for ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT RN 7779-90-0; hopeite was non-print entry term to ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT 1982-91	8.54	8	0
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	7.9	57	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	12.24	154	1	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	11.84	256	1	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.81	10	0	nitrogen oxoacid
magnesium fluoride [no description available]	2.72	3	0
zinc fluoride [no description available]	1.92	1	0
silicon tetrafluoride silicon fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF unknown	2.05	1	0
nickel sulfate nickel sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni(2+)-H2SO4. nickel sulfate : A metal sulfate having nickel(2+) as the metal ion.	2.04	1	0	metal sulfate	allergen
cesium iodide cesium iodide: X-ray image intensifier	4.32	4	1
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	3.23	6	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid	3.78	11	0	divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion	Escherichia coli metabolite
calcium pyrophosphate Calcium Pyrophosphate: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).	2.88	4	0	calcium phosphate
sulfur trioxide sulfur trioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	sulfur oxide
methyl demeton methyl mercaptophos: was MH 1972-91 (see under INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (1975-90, Prov 1972-74))	1.93	1	0
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	9.34	73	1
trichlorosilane [no description available]	2.43	2	0
phosphoryl chloride phosphoryl chloride: structure	5.49	22	0	phosphorus coordination entity
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	10.4	62	2	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.	4.08	14	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	astringent; catalyst; mordant
hydroiodic acid hydrogen iodide : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and iodine atoms.	2.36	2	0	gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	11.86	80	0	aluminium sulfate
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	9.62	26	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
ferric phosphate ferric phosphate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(3+) phosphate : An inorganic phosphate having Fe(3+) as the counterion.	4.29	17	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic phosphate; iron molecular entity
ammonium ferric sulfate ammonium ferrous sulfate: supplies nutritional iron. ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.	2.05	1	0	ammonium salt; iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	ferroptosis inducer
chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide: equal or superior to chlorine when used as wastewater disinfectant	2.47	2	0	chlorine dioxide
1,3-dichloro-1-propene 1,3-dichloro-1-propene: soil fumigant; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 1,3-dichloropropene : A chloropropene with two chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively..	1.97	1	0
lead nitrate lead nitrate: RN given refers to unspecified lead nitrate	2.45	2	0	inorganic nitrate salt; lead coordination entity
calcium sulfate dihydrate phosphogypsum: used as fertilizer and in construction materials such as bricks, plaster etc; contains 11 components; found as industrial waste	9.53	222	0	calcium salt; hydrate
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.68	3	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
tellurous acid tellurous acid: tellurite anion inhibits oxidation of NAD-linked substrates in kidney & liver mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.45	2	0	tellurium oxoacid
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	3.52	8	0	cadmium coordination entity
cadmium sulfate cadmium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Cd-H2SO4	2.1	1	0	cadmium salt
calcium nitrate calcium nitrate: an amylopsin activator. calcium nitrate : Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium.	3.27	5	0	calcium salt; inorganic nitrate salt	fertilizer
calcium thiosulfate [no description available]	3.35	1	1
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	1.98	1	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
boron trichloride [no description available]	1.98	1	0
cadmium nitrate cadmium nitrate: RN given refers to parent cpd. cadmium nitrate : An inorganic nitrate salt having Cd(2+) as the counterion.	2.07	1	0	cadmium salt; inorganic nitrate salt	carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; hepatotoxic agent
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	4.68	30	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	2.34	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
rhamnose [no description available]	4.51	25	0	L-rhamnose
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	6.96	13	2	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
chloramine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	halide
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	7.15	1	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
coformycin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	coformycins	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
chrysotile Asbestos, Serpentine: A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two forms: antigorite, a plated variety, and chrysotile, a fibrous variety. The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p.893)	4.24	5	0
ammonium bromide ammonium bromide : An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.	2.13	1	0	ammonium salt; bromide salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium fluoride ammonium fluoride : A fluoride salt having ammonium (NH4+) as the counterion.	7.52	2	0	ammonium salt; fluoride salt
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	6.83	64	1	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
tricalcium silicate tricalcium silicate: might be used as injectable bioactive cement	3.18	5	0
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	9.55	8	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
nickel nitrate nickel nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-(HNO3)2	2.05	1	0
chlorbromuron chlorbromuron: structure	7.01	1	0	ureas
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	5.62	68	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
misonidazole Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.	1.98	1	0
quinalphos quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure	2.13	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate [no description available]	2.17	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
salen disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron	2.04	1	0
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.17	1	0
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.67	3	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	7	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.54	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.13	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
embutramide [no description available]	6.98	1	0
2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
pentamethylmelamine pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	6.95	1	0
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	3.36	7	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
hexafluorosilicate hexafluorosilicate: structure	2.73	3	0	silicon coordination entity
gold tetrachloride, acid gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1)	1.96	1	0
fluorides [no description available]	16.87	498	18	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
benomyl [no description available]	2.42	2	0	aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	4.02	12	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
oxadiazon oxadiazon: manufactured by the Societe Rhone-poulenc, France; structure	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether
geosmin geosmin: earthy smelling cpd from sediment in Lake Biwa; structure. (-)-geosmin : The (-)-stereoisomer of geosmin, having 4S,4aS,8aR configuration.	8.3	6	0	geosmin
mercaptomerin mercaptomerin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5700	1.94	1	0
iodine [no description available]	7.27	33	1	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
osmium tetroxide Osmium Tetroxide: (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.. osmium tetroxide : An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.	2.39	2	0	osmium coordination entity	fixative; histological dye; oxidising agent; poison
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.65	3	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
aluminum phosphide [no description available]	2.67	3	0
metribuzin metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.	2.01	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; cyclic ketone; organic sulfide	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	4.19	5	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	3.05	5	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	8.21	6	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
indium phosphide indium phosphide: molecular formula - InP	1.99	1	0
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	7.37	2	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	15.49	199	18	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	5	9	1	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
acetylacetone acetylacetone : A beta-diketone that is pentane in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by oxo groups.	1.97	1	0	beta-diketone
carbamide peroxide Carbamide Peroxide: A urea peroxide compound that is commonly used in tooth whitening agents; topical anti-infective agents, and earwax remover.. urea hydrogen peroxide : A mixture obtained by combining equimolar amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea.	5.02	9	1	mixture	disinfectant; oxidising agent; reagent
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	3.05	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate: flame retardant	2.5	2	0	trialkyl phosphate
tributyl phosphate tributyl phosphate: a detergent. tributyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.	7.91	3	0	trialkyl phosphate
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	3.44	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.4	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
o,s,s-trimethyl phosphorodithioate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.01	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	6.32	12	1
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	1.96	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	1.98	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
carticaine Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.	2.01	1	0	thiophenecarboxylic acid
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	7.37	19	1
aluminum oxide hydroxide aluminum oxide hydroxide: RN given refers to Al2O3.xH2O	3.27	5	0	aluminium hydroxides; aluminium oxides
alkenes [no description available]	6.7	23	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	8.98	38	3	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	5.95	34	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.	3.1	5	0	glucaric acid	antineoplastic agent
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	2.05	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	1.97	1	0
poly-n,n-dimethyl-n,n-diallylammonium chloride diallyldimethylammonium chloride: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.91	4	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	5.15	15	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	2.66	3	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	7.61	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	9.96	2	1	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
almitrine Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.	1.98	1	0	piperazines; triamino-1,3,5-triazine	central nervous system stimulant
gallium citrate [no description available]	4.9	1	1
benthiocarb Saturn: The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.	2.95	4	0	monochlorobenzenes; monothiocarbamic ester
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	8.83	2	1	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.21	1	0	sulfonium betaine	human metabolite
vidarabine phosphate Vidarabine Phosphate: An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.	1.98	1	0
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	3.79	2	1	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	1.95	1	0	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	7.67	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	6.11	8	1	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
fluchloralin fluchloralin: structure	2.01	1	0	C-nitro compound
etoposide [no description available]	2.01	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	3.81	4	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
isoproturon isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.44	2	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	3.23	6	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.52	2	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	4.06	3	1	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
pendimethalin pendimethalin : A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.	3.03	4	0	C-nitro compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	1.96	1	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	8.07	5	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
oxyfluorofen oxyfluorofen: structure	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether	EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	1.99	1	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
lonidamine lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.	7.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene; indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; antispermatogenic agent; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	1.98	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
vx VX nerve agent : A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.	2.77	3	0	organic thiophosphate; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	7.74	3	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	3.37	6	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
etoperidone etoperidone: RN given refers to parent cpd	7.02	1	0	piperazines
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.69	3	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
1-carboxyglutamic acid 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.	4.46	7	0
oxfendazole [no description available]	1.99	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; sulfoxide	antinematodal drug
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	1.99	1	0	epoxide	intercalator
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	1.98	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tiropramide [no description available]	8.8	2	1	phenylalanine derivative
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	2.63	3	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cefotiam Cefotiam: One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotiam : A cephalosporin with ({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl and (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. A third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, it is active against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.	1.98	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	7.77	3	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triciribine phosphate [no description available]	3.35	1	1
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	5.16	3	1	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.45	2	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	1.97	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
trioxifene trioxifene: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
buprofezin buprofezin: tradename - Applaud; used for the control of homopterous insect pests; structure given in first source. (E)-buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has E configuration.. buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has Z configuration.	2.1	1	0	thiadiazinane; ureas
fenoctimine fenoctimine: structure & RN from first source	6.96	1	0
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	1.96	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	3.44	8	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
metsulfuron methyl metsulfuron methyl : A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.	1.92	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; benzoate ester; N-sulfonylurea	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.41	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
phosphanilic acid phosphanilic acid: structure	1.92	1	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.49	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
imazethapyr imazethapyr: do not confuse with imazapyr, which is the 5-desethyl analog of imazethapyr	7.6	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	2.06	1	0	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
clomazone clomazone: an herbicide. clomazone : An isoxazolidinone that is 1,2-oxazolidin-3-one substituted by a 2-chlorobenzyl group at position 2 and two methyl groups at position 4.	2.01	1	0	isoxazolidinone; monochlorobenzenes	agrochemical; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	3.4	1	1	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	7.01	14	6	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
methyl bensulfuron methyl bensulfuron: RN given refers to parent cpds. bensulfuron-methyl : The methyl ester of bensulfuron. An acetolactate synthase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide for the control of a variety of both annual and perennial weeds in crops, particularly wheat and rice. It is not licensed for use within the UK.	2.5	2	0	aromatic ether; methyl ester; N-sulfonylurea; pyrimidines	agrochemical; EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor; herbicide
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	8.13	5	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	4.9	1	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
gusperimus gusperimus: synthesized by chemical modification of spergualin; in combination with cyclosporin A prevents diabetes in predisposed NOD mice; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (-)-isomer trihydrochloride	2.37	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
loxtidine loxtidine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parenet cpd. loxtidine : A triazole that consists of 1,2,4-triazole bearing a methyl substituent at position 1, a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 3 and a {3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}amino group at position 5. A highly potent and selective H2-receptor antagonist.	6.97	1	0	aromatic ether; piperidines; primary alcohol; triazoles	H2-receptor antagonist
ractopamine ractopamine: veterinary growth stimulant. ractopamine : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible diastereoisomers of 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol. A beta-adrenergic agonist, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as a feed additive for use in pigs and other livestock to promote protein deposition, resulting in leaner meat. The R,R diastereoisomer, butopamine, is responsible for most of the leanness-enhancing effects. While use of ractopamine has been banned in over 120 countries including throughout the EU, in the US it used in an estimated 80% of all beef, pork and turkey production.. 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl group.	2.21	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2.02	1	0
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	1.98	1	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	10.28	3	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
xanomeline xanomeline: a cholinergic agonist; used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; structure given in first source	6.98	1	0	tetrahydropyridine; thiadiazoles	muscarinic agonist; serotonergic agonist
atorvastatin [no description available]	2.73	3	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	5.87	3	2	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	4.11	3	1
3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.	2.4	2	0	organoiodine compound
simendan Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.	2.93	1	0
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	4.86	7	1	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	7.15	3	3	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tiludronic acid tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	organochlorine compound
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	6.13	42	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
n-butyllithium [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	11.01	19	7	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
sodium molybdate(vi) sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.	2.63	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	poison
terbium chloride terbium chloride: RN given refers to the parent compound	1.98	1	0
nitrogen trioxide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	nitrogen oxide
monoammonium molybdate ammonium molybdate: RN given refers to unspecified ammonium molybdate salt. ammonium molybdate : An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and molybdate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	3.12	5	0	ammonium salt	poison
gallium nitrate gallium nitrate: RN given refers to parent cpd	4.04	3	1
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	3.61	9	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
radon [no description available]	2.17	1	0	radon atom
dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate: mineral recommended by lay periodicals as a desirable source of calcium & magnesium, but found to be also a source of potentially toxic heavy metals	4.09	14	0
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	2.38	2	0
2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid: dental plaque crystal growth inhibitor; RN given for parent cpd; structure given in first source	7.21	1	0
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.04	1	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
benzylaminopurine benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.	2.02	1	0	6-aminopurines	cytokinin; plant metabolite
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines.	2.1	1	0	one-carbon compound; perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid
isothiocyanic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound
ammonium peroxydisulfate ammonium persulfate : An inorganic ammonium salt in which two of the terminal hydroxy groups of peroxydisulfuric acid are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations.	2.08	1	0
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	11.7	30	2	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
barium fluoride barium fluoride: detector material used in position emission tomography (PET) cameras	2.01	1	0
chromic phosphate chromic phosphate: P32 labeled is separate SCR since that is form of major interest	4.41	23	0
carbogen carbogen: mixture of 95% O2 & 5% CO2	2.68	3	0
norchlorpromazine norchlorpromazine: active metabolite of chlorpromazine; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	phenothiazines
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	13.89	391	8	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.9	1	1	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
aluminum phosphate aluminum phosphate: gel used as immunologic adjuvent; RN given refers to Al salt	4.36	19	0
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.4	7	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
anisodamine anisodamine: alkaloid isolated from Chinese solanacea plant	1.97	1	0
lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.72	3	0
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.95	4	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.	2.66	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.	3.06	1	0	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	2.25	1	0	lignan
baicalin [no description available]	5.49	4	1	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.06	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
diacetylfluorescein [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2'-deoxyuridylic acid 2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	deoxyuridine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.31	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	5.53	22	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	3.27	6	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.99	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds	4.85	6	0	phosphoric acid derivative
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.69	3	0
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.	2.44	2	0	phosphatidylglycerol
1,2-distearoyllecithin [no description available]	2.38	2	0
nile red nile red : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one substituted at position 9 by a diethylamino group.	2.73	3	0	aromatic amine; cyclic ketone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	5.44	21	0	iodine oxoacid
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	9.17	36	3	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
fructose-1-phosphate fructose-1-phosphate: RN in Chemline for alpha-D-fructopyranose-cpd:126-25-0; RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-fructose 1-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of fructose 1-phosphate.. keto-D-fructose 1-phosphate : The open chain form of D-fructose 1-phosphate.	9.86	8	1	D-fructose 1-phosphate
glucose-1-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.	8.21	6	0	D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	2.39	2	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
trioctyl phosphine oxide [no description available]	2.77	3	0
oxalyl chloride [no description available]	1.98	1	0
mci-196 colestimide: a 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin polymer; bile acid and methotrexate anion-exchange resin	9.96	9	6
armin Armin: A reversible organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It also affects the presynaptic membrane and inhibits membrane postsynaptic cholinergic receptors. The compound had former use as a miotic.	1.93	1	0	organic phosphonate; phosphonic ester
boron nitride [no description available]	8.78	2	0	nitride
nitrogen pentoxide nitrogen pentoxide: structure	2.1	1	0	nitrogen oxide
lithium sulfate lithium sulfate : A metal sulfate in which the counterion is lithium and the ratio of lithium to sulfate is 2:1.	2.01	1	0	metal sulfate	antidepressant
iridium radioisotopes Iridium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes.	2.73	3	0
xenon radioisotopes Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.	2.37	2	0
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	7.07	1	0
salicylhydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.4	2	0	hydroxamic acid; phenols	antibacterial drug; EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor; trypanocidal drug
nitarsone nitarsone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-nitrophenyl.	3.21	1	0	C-nitro compound; organoarsonic acid	agrochemical; antiprotozoal drug
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.47	2	0	boronic acids
pyrocatechol violet [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	2.46	2	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	6.29	11	1	1,2,3-triazole
carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone [no description available]	1.95	1	0
guanidinopropionic acid guanidinopropionic acid: alters creatine metabolism; structure. 3-guanidinopropanoic acid : A guanidine compound bearing an N-(2-carboxyethyl) substituent. It is a creatine analogue that has been found to decreases plasma glucose levels	2.66	3	0	guanidines; zwitterion	hypoglycemic agent
pentafluoropropionic anhydride [no description available]	1.99	1	0
hydracrylic acid 3-hydroxypropionic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.21	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
2-imidazoline 2-imidazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. imidazoline : An imidazoline compound having the double bond at the 2-position.	1.92	1	0	imidazolines
duroquinone tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone: structure in first source. duroquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups.	1.97	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	3.56	9	0	anthocyanidin chloride
guanidinoethane sulfonate [no description available]	1.93	1	0	guanidines; organosulfonic acid; zwitterion
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	2.54	2	0	imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	5.6	5	1	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
selfotel selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment	1.99	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.75	3	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
delta sleep-inducing peptide Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide: A nonapeptide that is found in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma. This neuropeptide induces mainly delta sleep in mammals. In addition to sleep, the peptide has been observed to affect electrophysiological activity, neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs including their withdrawal.	1.96	1	0
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	3.15	5	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
trimethyl phosphine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	tertiary phosphine
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline: structure in first source. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline : A member of the class of quinolines that is the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of quinoline.	2.59	2	0	quinolines
n,n-dimethyl-4-anisidine [no description available]	1.99	1	0
perfluorooctanesulfonamide perfluorooctanesulfonamide : A perfluorinated compound that is perfluorooctane in which one of the terminal fluorines has been replace by a sulfamoyl group.	2.04	1	0	perfluorinated compound; sulfonamide	persistent organic pollutant
3-chloroperbenzoic acid 3-chloroperbenzoic acid: oxidizing agent	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; peroxy acid
3-amino-1,2,4-triazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.	2.01	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-glutamic acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	3.61	6	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate 6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia	3.41	1	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
atipamezole [no description available]	2.15	1	0
dapoxetine [no description available]	4.61	1	1	naphthalenes
camphorated parachlorophenol camphorated parachlorophenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; Walkhoff solution is a 3% solution of camphorated parachlorophenol	2.01	1	0
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	4.99	2	1	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
sprodiamide sprodiamide: a magnetic susceptibility-based MRI contrast agent; a diagnostic aid; RN given refers to anhydrous compound	2.89	1	0
belfosdil belfosdil: structure given in first source	6.97	1	0
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	1.97	1	0
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	1.93	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide 2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide: structure	1.95	1	0
urazole urazole: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
difluoromethylene diphosphonate difluoromethylene diphosphonate: inhibits bone resorption	1.96	1	0
bes 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.15 at 20 degreeC.	3.7	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; amino sulfonic acid; BES
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	3.36	6	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
xanthosine 5'-triphosphate xanthosine 5'-phosphate : xanthosine phosphate compounds having phosphate groups at position 5'.. 5'-xanthylic acid : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having xanthine as the nucleobase.	2.01	1	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; xanthosine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,5-anhydromannitol 2,5-anhydromannitol: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants	2.91	4	0
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	3.51	7	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
sodium oxide [no description available]	3	4	0
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.	2.53	2	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	antilipemic drug; persistent organic pollutant
amidophosphoric acid, diphenyl ester [no description available]	1.95	1	0
octadecyl palmitate octadecyl palmitate: found in psoriatic nail, but not in normal nails. stearyl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of stearyl alcohol.	1.94	1	0	hexadecanoate ester; wax ester	coral metabolite; cosmetic
methylimidazoleacetic acid methylimidazoleacetic acid: urinary metabolite of histamine & end product of histamine metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl group.. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	6.96	1	0	imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid	GABA agonist; metabolite
octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene: RN from CA, 90, Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	2.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.19	6	0	D-ribose 5-phosphate
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
2-(n-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.15 at 20 degreeC.	2.05	1	0	MES; organosulfonic acid; zwitterion
bromotrifluoroacetone bromotrifluoroacetone: specific reagent for active site cysteines of rabbit muscle GPD alkylation	1.99	1	0
piperazine-n,n'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid): RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,2'-piperazine-1,4-diylbisethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.8 at 20 degreeC.	1.97	1	0	PIPES
3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol Geranium: A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. Geranium is also used as a common name for PELARGONIUM.	2.05	1	0
n,n'-dimethylpropyleneurea N,N'-dimethylpropyleneurea: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
molybdate [no description available]	2.15	1	0	molybdenum oxoacid
glucose-1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in which both phosphate groups are monophosphates.	2.35	2	0	D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
ruthenium dioxide ruthenium dioxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ru-O2	2.13	1	0
gallium phosphide [no description available]	2.17	1	0
propagermanium propagermanium: inhibits the calcium inward currents & the potassium outward currents	1.98	1	0	organogermanium compound
lanthanum trifluoride lanthanum trifluoride: sputtered LaF3 film is used as a new MOS-type glucose sensor; RN given refers to cpd LaF3	2.03	1	0
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.06	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.	2.11	1	0	bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic) acid diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic) acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; used with 113mIn for bone scanning	2.15	1	0
cyprodinil cyprodinil: structure in first source. cyprodinil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.	2.11	1	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; cyclopropanes; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fludioxonil fludioxonil: structure in first source. fludioxonil : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole substituted at position 4 by a 3-cyanopyrrol-4-yl group. A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.	2.11	1	0	benzodioxoles; nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyrroles	androgen antagonist; antifungal agrochemical; estrogen receptor agonist
we 201 We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure	2.38	2	0
coenzyme a [no description available]	8.73	11	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycinexylidide glycinexylidide: dealkylated metabolite of lidocaine; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd with dimethylphenyl moiety in positions 2,6. glycinexylidide : A amino acid amide with 2,6-dimethylaniline and glycine components; an active metabolite of lidocaine, formed by oxidative deethylation. Used as an indicator of hepatic function.	1.96	1	0	amino acid amide	drug metabolite
2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide 2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide: thiation agent; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
n-acetylalanine N-acetylalanine: immunodominant determinant of acidic surface antigen from culture filtrate of human strain of Staph aureus. N-acetyl-L-alanine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an acetyl group.	1.95	1	0	L-alanine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gentiopicroside gentiopicroside: a secoiridoid in Gentiana with rearrangement to two pyran rings	2.13	1	0	glycoside
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	7.93	21	2	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	3.01	2	0
loganic acid loganic acid: structure. loganic acid : A cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively	2.13	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclopentapyran; glucoside	plant metabolite
n-methylglycinamide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	7.5	23	2	iditol	fungal metabolite
equol Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.	2.01	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans
7-ketocholesterol 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.	2.11	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid	neuroprotective agent
6-phosphogluconic acid gluconic acid-6-phosphate: structure. 6-phospho-D-gluconate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.. 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.	2.35	2	0	gluconic acid phosphate	fundamental metabolite
indium arsenide [no description available]	2.77	3	0
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.11	1	0
goethite [no description available]	4.29	16	0
cytidylyl-3',5'-adenosine cytidylyl adenosine: CPA removed as SY because it is also used as an abbreviation for N6-cyclopentyladenosine, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, and cyclopiazonic acid	2	1	0	nucleoside analogue; purines
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	11.49	9	2	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylglucoside [no description available]	2.38	2	0
pretilachlor [no description available]	2.8	3	0	anilide
penconazole penconazole: structure given in first source. penconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole : A member of the classof triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl group.	2.17	1	0	dichlorobenzene; triazoles
fosthiazate fosthiazate: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
sarsasapogenin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	sapogenin
phospho-l-arginine phospho-L-arginine: inhibits pyruvate kinase. N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine : An arginine derivative that is L-arginine substituted by a phosphono group at N(omega)-position.	3.07	5	0	L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	animal metabolite
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
lopinavir [no description available]	4.61	1	1	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
5-methylcytidine [no description available]	6.97	1	0	methylcytidine
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	5.07	14	0
titanium nitride (tin) titanium nitride: RN given refers to unspecified MF	2	1	0
dimyristoylphosphatidic acid dimyristoylphosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	phosphatidic acid
n-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)maleimide N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)maleimide: fluorescent thiol reagent; structure	1.97	1	0
fenpropimorph [no description available]	7.06	1	0	alkylbenzene
5-pregnene-3,20-diol 5-pregnene-3,20-diol: RN given refers to (3 beta,20 alpha)-isomer	1.97	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
1-(heptafluorobutyryl)imidazole [no description available]	1.97	1	0
alpha-tocopherol phosphate alpha-tocopherol phosphate: RN given refers to (2R(4R,8R*))-(+-)-isomer	1.92	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	3.68	9	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil): structure	2.38	2	0
phosphoramide mustard [no description available]	1.99	1	0	nitrogen mustard; phosphorodiamide
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors.	2.67	3	0	phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion	GABAB receptor agonist
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine 2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine: behaves as a partial agonist toward both alpha1-adrenergic & 5-HT(2) serotonergic receptors. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine : A 2-arylethylamine compound where the aryl moiety is 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl.	2.15	1	0	2-arylethylamine
2,5-dihydroxypyridine pyridine-2,5-diol : A dihydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5.	4.9	1	1	dihydroxypyridine	mouse metabolite
diosgenin [no description available]	2.48	2	0	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
foxes Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.	7.89	4	0
1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-aziridino-2-propanol 1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-aziridino-2-propanol: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
combretastatin combretastatin: cytotoxic principle from South African tree COMBRETUM caffrum; structure given in first source; acts at COLCHICINE site of TUBULIN	1.99	1	0
22-ketocholesterol 22-ketocholesterol: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. 22-ketocholesterol : A 3beta-sterol that is cholesterol carrying an oxo group at position 22.	2.01	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; cholestanoid	EC 1.14.15.6 cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) inhibitor
pregnanetriol Pregnanetriol: A metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE.	1.94	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate: RN given refers to unknown molecular fragment in Chemline	2.05	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	8.37	92	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.38	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
mafosfamide mafosfamide: RN given refers to cis-(+-)-isomer	1.97	1	0
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	1.98	1	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	3.57	9	0
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	1.93	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.76	3	0	oligopeptide
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O)	5.74	20	1	calcium salt; hydrate
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	4.47	5	1
u 74006f tirilazad: a lazaroid; potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has shown excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental central nervous system trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; tradename Freedox	1.99	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
norverapamil norverapamil: N-demethylated active metabolite of verapamil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in second source. norverapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-norverapamil. The major active metabolite of verapamil.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	6.97	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; secondary amino compound
1,n(6)-ethenoadenine 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine: biologically active fluorescent derivatives of this cpd potentially valuable in studies concerning interactions between adenine cpds & various enzymes for which they serve as substrates or co-factors; structure	4.61	1	1	imidazo[2,1-i]purine	mutagen
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	1.99	1	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.66	3	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	7.87	4	0
indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure	8.66	16	4	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source	8.59	56	8
beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine: glutamate agonist. L-BMAA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam.	2.11	1	0	diamino acid; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	bacterial metabolite; neurotoxin
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	2.02	1	0
((18)O)water ((18)O)water : A form of water consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen-18 atom.. oxygen-18 atom : The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance.	2.25	1	0	isotopically modified compound; water
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	4.61	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
fluorocitrate fluorocitrate: competitve inhibitor of aconitase; effects morphology of kidney tubules in fluorocitrate poisoning; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.4	2	0	carbonyl compound
inositol 1-phosphate 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.	6.98	1	0
propionylcarnitine propionylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	4.34	2	2	O-acylcarnitine	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cardiotonic drug; human metabolite; peripheral nervous system drug
inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate: for cpd without numerical locants of phosphate groups, index INOSITOL PHOSPHATES. 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate : A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphates placed in the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	1.96	1	0	inositol phosphate
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [no description available]	2.92	4	0
beta-hydroxyvaleric acid 3-hydroxypentanoic acid : A short-chain fatty acid that is valeric acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.1	1	0	3-hydroxy fatty acid; ketone body; short-chain fatty acid
fr 139317 FR 139317: endothelin receptor A antagonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.73	3	0	proanthocyanidin
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	7.95	50	0	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.4	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
tesmilifene [no description available]	2.41	1	0	diarylmethane
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate [no description available]	2.38	2	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2.66	3	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	4.37	21	0
anserine Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.	6.92	1	0	beta-alanine derivative; dipeptide; zwitterion	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
10-hydroxycarbamazepine 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine: main metabolite of oxcarbazepine; structure given in first source. licarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine, reduced across the C-10,11 positions and carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen and a hydroxy function at C-10. A voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing effects, it is related to oxcarbazepine and is an active metabolite of oxcarbazepine.	2.03	1	0	carboxamide; dibenzoazepine; ureas	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	3.7	10	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.	2.54	2	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent
sulfur monoxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	sulfur oxide
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	1.99	1	0
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.02	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane 1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable	1.99	1	0	straight-chain fatty acid
n-hydroxy-2-aminopyrene [no description available]	3.01	2	0
monobutyryl cyclic amp monobutyryl cyclic AMP: RN given refers to parent cpd. N(6)-butyryl-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the exocyclic amino group on the purine fragment is carrying a butyryl substituent.	1.97	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; butanamides	protein kinase agonist
dihydro-dids [no description available]	2.01	1	0
thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.	2.21	1	0	monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
2',6'-pipecoloxylidide 2',6'-pipecoloxylidide: major metabolite of bupivacaine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0	amino acid amide
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	6.08	9	1
gallium nitride [no description available]	2.04	1	0
sr 33557 fantofarone: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	3.57	9	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.	4.9	1	1	phosphine derivative; tricarboxylic acid	reducing agent
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	1.99	1	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
pentosidine pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.	2.04	1	0	imidazopyridine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; cross-linking reagent
cyclotriphosphazene ester cyclotriphosphazene ester: hydraulic fluid. 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphinine : An inorganic heteromonocyclic compound that is 1,3,5-triazine in which the carbon atoms have been replaced by phosphorus atoms. It was one of a series of compounds which was being developed for use as a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid.	2.41	2	0	inorganic aromatic compound; inorganic heteromonocyclic compound; nitrogen molecular entity; phosphorus molecular entity
thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
prisma-fil heliobond: visible-light-curing monomer component of composite resins	3.8	2	1
chapso chapso: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-isomer	2.38	2	0
dimephosphon dimephosphon: previous RN 86003-41-0	2.01	1	0
4-aminophenylphosphate 4-aminophenylphosphate: RN refers to di-Ag salt; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
trehalose-6-phosphate [no description available]	2.17	1	0	trehalose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
imidodiphosphonic acid imidodiphosphonic acid: in combination with technetrium, a superior radiopharmaceutical for myocardial infarct imaging; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
phosphate-binding proteolipid phosphate-binding proteolipid: MW appx 3000; binds inorganic phosphate with high affinity & specificity; from rabbit kidney brush border membranes	2.8	3	0
niobium pentoxide [no description available]	2.1	1	0
carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).	5.24	15	0	carbene; methanediyl
cyclopropene cyclopropene: structure. cyclopropene : A cycloalkene that consists of cyclopropane having a double bond in the ring. The parent of the class of cyclopropenes.	2.06	1	0	cycloalkene; cyclopropenes
phosphoramide phosphoramide: RN given refers to triamide. phosphoramide : A compound in which one or more of the OH groups of phosphoric acid have been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group. The term is commonly confined to the phosphoric triamides, P(=O)(NR2)3, since replacement of one or two OH groups produces phosphoramidic acids: P(=O)(OH)(NR2)2 , P(=O)(OH)2(NR2).	3.33	7	0
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	4.61	1	1	nitrogen oxoacid
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.	7.53	2	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	3.33	6	0	fullerene	geroprotector
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	4.97	2	1	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	5.1	2	1	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate ribulose-1,5 diphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate : A ribulose phosphate that is D-ribulose attached to phosphate groups at positions 1 and 5. It is an intermediate in photosynthesis.	1.99	1	0	ribulose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
adenophostin a adenophostin A: structure given in first source; an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate agonist isolated from Penicillium brevicompactum	2.02	1	0	disaccharide phosphate
3'-o-(n-methylanthraniloyl) atp [no description available]	2.03	1	0
acth (4-10) ACTH (4-10): part of ACTH molecule containing amino acids 4-10 of total 39 amino acid chain; heptapeptide common to MSH & ACTH; RN given refers to glycine cpd	1.96	1	0
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.	2.01	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antigen
kyotorphin kyotorphin: morphine-like dipeptide from bovine brain; RN given refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr)-isomer. Tyr-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-tyrosine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.	2	1	0	dipeptide
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	2.15	1	0	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
antibiotic g 418 antibiotic G 418: from Micromonospora rhodorangea	1.99	1	0
glycerophosphoethanolamine glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine: a membrane lipid degradation product	3.86	12	0	phosphoethanolamine; sn-glycerol 3-phosphates
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	3.38	7	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
gk 101e [no description available]	1.98	1	0
octacalcium phosphate octacalcium phosphate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ca4-(H3PO4)3; see also record for synthos (beta-tricalcium phosphate) & calcium phosphate	3.39	7	0
phosphohistidine phosphohistidine: RN given refers to N-phosphono-L-histidine	7.65	3	0
dodecyloctaethyleneglycol monoether octaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether : The hydroxypolyether that is octaethylene glycol in which one of the hydroxy groups is substituted by dodecyloxy.	1.96	1	0	hydroxypolyether
27-hydroxycholesterol (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol : A 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration.	2.03	1	0	26-hydroxycholesterol	apoptosis inducer; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.	1.98	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist
tagatose 6-phosphate tagatose 6-phosphate: RN in 9th CI Form Index for alpha-D-tagatofuranose 6-(dihydrogen phosphate): 53798-20-2. tagatose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate that is tagatose attached to a phosphate group at position 6.. alpha-D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate : A D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.	1.92	1	0	D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate
1,2-hexanoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-hexanoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0
iguratimod iguratimod: an immunosuppressive agent	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
2-benzyl-3-formylpropanoic acid 2-benzyl-3-formylpropanoic acid: competitive inhibitor of carboxypeptidase A; structure given in first source	1.93	1	0
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	1.97	1	0
adenosine amine congener adenosine amine congener: a highly potent & selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist	2.04	1	0
homoanatoxin homoanatoxin: structure given in first source; potent nicotinic agonist; analog of anatoxin-a from Cyanobacteria	7.1	1	0
6-chloropenicillanic acid s-sulfoxide 6-chloropenicillanic acid S-sulfoxide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6alpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 1/91	2.6	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	3.84	12	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine [no description available]	3.9	3	0
1,n(2)-ethenodeoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
sri 62-834 SRI 62-834: related to ET-18-OCH(3); MLS-266-337 is (R(+))-isomer; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
fructose 3-phosphate fructose 3-phosphate: found in the lens of diabetic rats; RN given is for D-fructose-3-phosphate without isomeric designation	2.67	3	0
ym 529 YM 529: inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
alpha-n-carboxy-beta-n-methylaminoalanine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
kca 098 KCA 098: an inhibitor of bone resorption; has no estrogenic activity; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
zinquin zinquin: zinquin is an ethyl ester in second source; specific chelator for zinc(II)	2	1	0
4-azidobenzylcarazolol [no description available]	2.6	1	0
1,2-dilauroylphosphatidic acid 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine: sulfur atom replaces double-bonded oxygen in phosphate group; RN given refers to (R-(R,R))-isomer	1.97	1	0
carbapenems [no description available]	4.9	1	1
aspartame [no description available]	7.39	2	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
calcium borate calcium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF CaB4O7	4.61	1	1
methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate: structure given in first source	2.84	3	0
lanthanum hydroxide lanthanum hydroxide: RN given refers to unspecified lanthanum hydroxide	9.57	6	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	5.78	22	1	D-xylose
quinone methide quinone methide: intermediate in eumelanin biosynthesis; structure given in first source. quinomethane : A methylidenecyclohexadienone, formally derived from a benzoquinone by replacement of one of the quinone oxygens by a methylidene group.	2.17	1	0	quinomethane
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	5.26	3	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane: structure in first source	2.53	2	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	7.35	35	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	3.17	5	0
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	5.37	3	1	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
platinum(ii) 1,2-diaminocyclohexane malonate platinum(II) 1,2-diaminocyclohexane malonate: RN given refers to (SP-4-2-(trans))-isomer	1.98	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	2.21	1	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
sorbose-1-phosphate sorbose-1-phosphate: inhbits the hexokinase of low potassium-containing canine erythrocytes	1.92	1	0	sorbose 1-phosphate
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
alpha-fluoro-beta-ureidopropionic acid alpha-fluoro-beta-ureidopropionic acid: fluorouracil metabolite; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound
borneo Borneo: An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)	8.18	5	0	organofluorine acaricide
centchroman Centchroman: A non-steroidal anti-fertility agent with anti-hormonal properties.	2.03	1	0
phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).	1.95	1	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.13	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	18.66	131	40	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	6.25	10	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
lactitol lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.	4.05	3	1	glycosyl alditol	cathartic; excipient; laxative
pirlimycin pirlimycin: RN given refers to (mono-HCl(2S-cis)-isomer)	2.53	2	0
gallium oxide gallium oxide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.15	1	0
nps-568 N-(2-chlorophenylpropyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine: NPS-568 is the ((R), HCl salt)-isomer; calcimimetic compound and calcium-sensing receptor agonist	4.05	4	0
neodymium oxide neodymium oxide: has antineoplastic activity	2.6	1	0
yttria yttria: molecular formula Y2-O3	2.41	1	0
calcium aluminate [no description available]	2.6	1	0
gadolinium sulfoxylate gadolinium sulfoxylate: used in radiation-protective screen; structure	2.44	2	0
kartocid [no description available]	2.11	1	0
strontium phosphate strontium phosphate: RN given refers to Sr salt without specified ratio	2.41	1	0
tetrahydroharmine [no description available]	2.9	1	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	6.62	14	1	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
peroxymonosulfate peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)	5.2	2	1	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
dipyrandium dipyrandium: RN given is from CA online & refers to (3beta,17beta)-isomer; structure	1.95	1	0
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	8.94	12	0
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	2.05	1	0	carbodiimide
abequose [no description available]	1.95	1	0
zirconium phosphate zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio	2.11	1	0
sweroside [no description available]	2.13	1	0	glycoside
prostaglandins b Prostaglandins B: Physiologically active prostaglandins found in many tissues and organs. They are potent pressor substances and have many other physiological activities.	1.97	1	0
2'-deoxythymidylyl-(3'-5')-2'-deoxyadenosine [no description available]	1.97	1	0
an-69 AN-69: copolymer of acrylonitrile & sodium methallylsulfonate used in hemodialysis	3.77	2	1
bis(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)gold(i) bis(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)gold(I): RN given for parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	8.97	53	3
sedoheptulose 7-phosphate sedoheptulose 7-phosphate : A ketoheptose phosphate consisting of sedoheptulose having a phosphate group at the 7-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway.	2.39	2	0	ketoheptose phosphate; sedoheptulose derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoromethionine trifluoro-L-methionine : An L-alpha-amino acid, methionine, with the S-methyl group trifluoro-substituted.	2	1	0	L-methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organofluorine compound
diadenosine triphosphate [no description available]	2	1	0	diadenosyl triphosphate	mouse metabolite
silver fluoride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	fluoride salt; silver salt
diopside [no description available]	2.41	2	0
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	2	1	0
fungitetraose nistose: structure in first source	1.98	1	0	oligosaccharide
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	2.36	2	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
thiophosphoric acid thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.66	10	0	phosphorothioic acid
chloroacetol phosphate chloroacetol phosphate: minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS (75-85); RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
calcium magnesium phosphate calcium magnesium phosphate: Russian trade name	2.75	3	0
vinylphosphonic acid [no description available]	2.48	2	0
lanthanum carbonate lanthanum carbonate: a phosphate binder used for hyperphosphatemia treatment in end-stage renal disease	16.35	77	30
symmetric dimethylarginine N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions	2.93	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	6.92	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
1,2-diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine [no description available]	1.99	1	0
molybdenum blue molybdenum blue: spray reagent prepared by dissolving molybdenum trioxide in H2SO4 & adding powdered molybdenum; for staining phospholipids in thin layer chromatography	8.5	7	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	10.82	18	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	10.22	12	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
campesterol campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure	1.96	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C28-steroid; phytosterols	mouse metabolite
gabaculine gabaculine: potent inhibitor of aminobutyrate aminotransferase from Streptomyces toyocaensis.; also inhibits a variety of PLP-dependent aminotransferases; structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (S)-gabaculine : The (S)-enantiomer of gabaculine.	1.98	1	0	5-aminocyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
1-(3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)propyl)-4-hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidine 1-(3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)propyl)-4-hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	11.37	55	0
perlatolinic acid perlatolinic acid: C25-H32-O7; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	carbonyl compound
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	8.45	59	1
mesotrione mesotrione: brandname is after the Callistemon (MYRTACEAE) plant it was found in; structure in first source. mesotrione : An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-triketone; C-nitro compound; sulfone	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	13.52	137	6	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
quizalofop quizalofop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of quizalofop-P of and (S)-quizalofop. Quizalofop is used (commonly as the corresponding ethyl ester, known as quizalofop-ethyl) as a selective post-emergence herbicide against annual and winter-hard grasses. The active isomer is the R enantiomer, which is known as quizalofop-P.. 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para position by a (6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy group.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; quinoxaline derivative
nickel monoxide [no description available]	2.15	1	0
emd 53998 EMD 53998: EMD 53998 is racemic; EMD 57439 is the (-)-isomer; EMD 57033 is the (+)-isomer	1.98	1	0
glycitin glycitin: structure in first source. glycitin : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7.	2	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
1,4,7-triazacyclononane 1,4,7-triazacyclononane: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
arabinose 5-phosphate arabinose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-arabinose 5-phosphate : An arabinose phosphate that is D-arabinose having a phosphate substituent at position 5.. aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate : The 5-phospho derivative of D-arabinose. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides.	2.01	1	0	D-arabinose 5-phosphate
isospaglumic acid isospaglumic acid: mediator in the sensitivity of animals to hyperbaric oxygenation; Naaxia is the tradename; apparently can have both a neuroprotective and a neurotoxic effect. Ac-Asp-Glu : A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage.	2	1	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
2'-deoxyaristeromycin [no description available]	2	1	0
difructose anhydride iii difructose anhydride III: a non-reducing derivative of inulobiose	2.02	1	0	sugar dianhydride
6-(n-(4-aminobutyl)-n-ethyl)amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione 6-(N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethyl)amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione: forms a conjugate with progesterone; conjugate used for immunoassay of plasma progesterone	2.25	1	0	phthalazines
ketosteril ketosteril: alpha-keto analogs of Ile,Leu,Phe,Val & alpha-hydroxy analogs of Met,Lys,Thr,Trp,His,Tyr	4.06	3	1
roseofungin roseofungin: polyene antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces strain; Russian drug	1.95	1	0
chlorite [no description available]	2.06	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
cadmium metallothionein cadmium-binding protein: metallothionein which serves in a metal-sequestering mechanism	2.03	1	0
olpadronic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0
muraglitazar muraglitazar: has glucose- and lipid-lowering activities; structure in first source; molecule composed of benzyloxazole-phenoxy-oxybenzylglycine-phenoxyl having structural analogy to PHENOXYBENZAMINE	2.03	1	0	1,3-oxazoles
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.52	2	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
n-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide: structure in first source. fenhexamid : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2,3-dichlorophenol.	2.06	1	0	anilide fungicide; aromatic amide; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenols	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.72 (methylsterol monooxygenase) inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	7.65	3	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythritol [no description available]	2.38	2	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	11.04	16	2	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	2.65	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
cortisone [no description available]	7.48	72	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lithium fluoride lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P	11.59	63	0
gossypol acetic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0
methandriol Methandriol: A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)	1.95	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
nandrolone phenpropionate nandrolone phenpropionate: RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer	2.34	2	0	3-phenylpropionate ester	anabolic agent; androgen
cellulose triacetate cellulose triacetate: for hemodialysis filtration	3.4	1	1
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	7.41	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
sodium sulfide sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2.25	1	0
lanosterol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
melengestrol acetate Melengestrol Acetate: A 6-methyl PROGESTERONE acetate with reported glucocorticoid activity and effect on ESTRUS.	1.95	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	5.86	7	1
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.	2.04	1	0	bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	7	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
calendula Calendula: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES.	2.05	1	0
withaferin a withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2.52	2	0	27-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; delta-lactone; enone; epoxy steroid; ergostanoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; withanolide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
fusicoccin fusicoccin: phytotoxic glycoside from Fusicoccum amydali; structure	2.02	1	0
wortmannin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
withanolides Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.	2.53	2	0
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	1.98	1	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
o-iodoxybenzoic acid o-iodoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 1-hydroxy-1,3-dioxobenziodoxole : A benziodoxole compound having hydroxy and oxo substituents at the 1-position and an oxo substituent at the 3-position. It is a mild and efficient hypervalent iodine synthetic reagent used to carry out several selective oxidation reactions.	2.05	1	0	benziodoxole	EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; oxidising agent
4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en 4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,3abeta,4beta,8aalpha))-isomer; a natural benzyl ester of a carotyl type azulene sesquiterpenoid; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
bortezomib [no description available]	3.51	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	4.61	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
cimadronate cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	7.4	2	0
lanatosides Lanatosides: Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670)	2.34	2	0
methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.02	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound
permanganate [no description available]	11.31	9	1	manganese oxoacid
carboplatin [no description available]	4.61	1	1
anatoxin a anatoxin a: found in Anabaena; was indexed to cyanobacterial toxin (MARINE TOXINS) 1978-2006; also see anatoxin-a(s)	3.01	4	0	tropane alkaloid
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	2.97	4	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.	2.35	2	0	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate	mouse metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	9.96	274	0
ribulose 5-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.. ribulose 5-phosphate : A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.	2.4	2	0	ribulose 5-phosphate	mouse metabolite
xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of xylulose 5-phosphate.	2	1	0	xylulose 5-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	1.92	1	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
arabinose [no description available]	4.65	9	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	3.68	10	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mannose-6-phosphate beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2	1	0	D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	4.66	9	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	2.34	2	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	3.4	7	0
hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.93	1	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	6.4	56	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
elastin [no description available]	10.09	14	0	oligopeptide
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	7.86	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	2.89	4	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	5.15	11	1	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.54	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	4.2	3	1
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	2.35	2	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	3.48	8	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
7-dehydrocholesterol [no description available]	2.68	3	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; cholestanoid; Delta(5),Delta(7)-sterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	4.18	5	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	10.97	36	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
casein hydrolysate casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein	8.75	2	1
puromycin [no description available]	3.55	9	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
isomaltulose 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose : A glycosylfructose that is D-fructofuranose attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It is found in honey and sugarcane.	1.99	1	0	glycosylfructose	animal metabolite; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	2.73	3	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	1.93	1	0
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.	1.97	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	5.18	3	1
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	4.12	15	0	cellotriose
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	8.04	5	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.85	4	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	3.95	4	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	9.98	9	1	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	3.88	13	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	2.15	1	0
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	4.06	3	1
indican [no description available]	4.45	4	1	beta-D-glucoside; exopolysaccharide; indolyl carbohydrate
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	2	1	0
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	2.21	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
parthenin parthenin: sesqiterpene lactone from Parthenium hysterophorus; structure; RN given refers to 3aS-(3aalpha,6beta,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)-isomer	1.98	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
naringin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
swertiamarin swertiamarin: seco-iridoid glucoside from Swertia japonica;	2.13	1	0	glycoside
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	7.43	2	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.25	1	0
acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.	1.92	1	0
2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source	2.08	1	0	tetritol phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
teprotide Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.	2.08	1	0	peptide
4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.	2.35	2	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	6.97	1	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.58	2	0	cyclodextrin
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	7.69	3	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	3.09	5	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.48	2	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	4.38	6	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.41	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	6.52	14	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	9.14	16	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	7.94	4	0	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	1.94	1	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.	1.97	1	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	5.69	5	1	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	12.59	132	3	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	4.37	19	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	13.21	17	3	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	3.11	5	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9	3.91	12	0
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.08	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	3.59	8	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	4.73	29	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	8.32	13	4	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	1.99	1	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.02	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	2.53	2	0
lycopene [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	9.05	4	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.31	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
9-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl)adenine diphosphate 9-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl)adenine diphosphate: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	6.81	36	2	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.06	1	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	2.71	3	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
dioxirane [no description available]	2.42	2	0
decitabine [no description available]	2.9	3	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	5.48	4	1
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	6.45	35	0	actinomycin	mutagen
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	4.44	5	1	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	14.17	11	5	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	9.73	37	3	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
2,3-bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide conoidin A: inhibits the peroxiredoxin TgPrx11; structure in first source	4.61	1	1
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	3.27	6	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	9.11	32	3	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium bicarbonate potassium hydrogencarbonate : A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab.	2.93	4	0	organic salt; potassium salt	antifungal agrochemical; buffer; food acidity regulator; raising agent
potassium acetate Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions	7.41	1	0	potassium salt	food acidity regulator
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	3.71	9	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium carbonate ammonium carbonate: see also record for ammonium bicarbonate (mono-NH4 salt)	1.96	1	0
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.72	3	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
forsterite [no description available]	2.05	1	0
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	3.66	10	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
di-tert-butyldiaziridinone di-tert-butyldiaziridinone: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
calix(4)arene calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
methyl triclosan methyl triclosan: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.06	1	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
anethole anethole: an isomer of estragole; structurally similar to CAPSAICIN; has some neurological and insecticidal and skin absorption effects; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. anethole : A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. trans-anethole : The trans-stereoisomer of anethole.	2.02	1	0	anethole	flavouring agent
geraniol [no description available]	4.99	2	1	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycosides [no description available]	5.71	27	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.02	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
sinapinic acid sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration.	2.25	1	0	sinapic acid	MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.61	27	0	isomethyleugenol
beta-ionone beta-ionone: stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. beta-ionone : An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.	2.03	1	0	ionone	antioxidant; fragrance
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	1.97	1	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
retinol acetate retinol acetate: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	acetate ester
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	1.94	1	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	3.11	5	0	stilbene
phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent	2.4	2	0
xanthohumol xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus. xanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; chalcones; polyphenol	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	3.65	10	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.21	1	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	2.86	4	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	10.68	91	2	diphosphate ion
lanatoside c lanatoside C: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta,12beta)-isomer	1.93	1	0
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.	1.97	1	0	hydroxypolyether	hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent
ferlixit ferlixit: used to induce siderosis in femal Wistar albino rats	1.96	1	0	polymer
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.08	1	0	S-glycosyl compound
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	3.39	1	1	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine [no description available]	3.11	1	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	4.44	7	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	3.23	6	0
chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.	1.93	1	0	chlorprothixene
dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	1.95	1	0
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	3.32	7	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	7.34	2	0	pyrimidone
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.38	2	0	diarylmethane
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	4.02	15	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	10.74	5	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	8.32	7	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	3.41	1	1	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	1.95	1	0
terbinafine [no description available]	2	1	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	2.15	1	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.17	1	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.35	2	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	1.97	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
ethylenethiourea Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.	6.99	1	0	imidazolidines
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	8.96	14	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.57	2	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	9.7	96	6	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	7.88	4	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
n-methyl-n-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group.	2.21	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-silyl compound; trifluoroacetamide	chromatographic reagent
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	7.63	3	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole 1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source	2.51	2	0	benzoic acid; imidazolines; organic radical	apoptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
tamoxifen [no description available]	4.99	9	1	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	8.02	42	1
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.17	1	0
xanthane hydride xanthane hydride: a sulfurising agent; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
3'-o-(n-methylanthraniloyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate that is ADP substituted at position 3' by an N-methylanthraniloyl group.	2.03	1	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
zeranol Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.	5.15	3	1	macrolide
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	1.95	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	3.09	5	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.36	2	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.34	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
methallibure Methallibure: A dithiobiurea compound with anti-gonadotropic activity.	1.95	1	0
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	3.04	3	0
pica Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.	4.29	4	1
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	7.95	64	1	alkali metal atom
fosfestrol fosfestrol: Rx of prostatic carcinoma; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	1.93	1	0	aryl phosphate
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	1.94	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	7	21	1	nitrogen oxide
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	1.98	1	0	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	2.64	3	0	5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine	human metabolite
mannomustine Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.	1.94	1	0	amino alcohol
quinine [no description available]	2.85	4	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	2.84	3	0	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-tris(methylenephosphonate monoethyl ester) 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-tris(methylenephosphonate monoethyl ester): a (31)P NMR probe for measurement of divalent cations in biological systems; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
exo-n-(2-(4-azidotetrafluorobenzamido)ethyl)-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate exo-N-(2-(4-azidotetrafluorobenzamido)ethyl)-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
cystine [no description available]	7.94	22	2
lysocellin lysocellin: polyether antibiotic; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0
methenolone Methenolone: A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action.	1.94	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
myristoyllysophosphatidylcholine myristoyllysophosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0
safingol safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R,S))-isomer	1.94	1	0	amino alcohol
glycyllysine glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues.	2.04	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
4-amino-4-deoxyarabinose [no description available]	2	1	0
nitinol nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys	2.48	2	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	2.96	4	0
motexafin lutetium motexafin lutetium: structure given in first source	2	1	0
phosphoribosylamine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	ribose monophosphate; ribosylamine
butaphosphone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
s-phosphocysteine S-phosphocysteine: intermediate in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent mannitol transport catalyzed by E coli. S-phospho-L-cysteine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of L-cysteine carrying an S-phospho substituent.	1.97	1	0	organic thiophosphate; phosphoamino acid; S-substituted L-cysteine
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	1.96	1	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.35	2	0
silicon nitride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
phosphonic acid phosphonic acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphonic acids.	9.39	6	0
metaphosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to cpd with structure HPO3. phosphonate(1-) : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in phosphonic acid.	2.66	3	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.71	3	0
riopan [no description available]	1.97	1	0
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	2.04	1	0	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	2.89	4	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.56	9	0
serine ethanolamine phosphate serine ethanolamine phosphate: found in lens of cod and haddock; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure	2.37	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; phosphoethanolamine; serine derivative
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	4.63	28	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
galactomannan galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.	1.95	1	0	oligosaccharide
flavan-3-ol flavan-3-ol: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	1.98	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
alizarin red s Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.	2.48	2	0	organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt	histological dye
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	3.89	13	0
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.	5.48	22	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	3.05	5	0
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.	2.71	3	0
citramalate citramalate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. citramalate(2-) : A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is obtained by removal of a proton from both of the carboxylic acid groups of citramalic acid.	2.06	1	0	dicarboxylic acid dianion	human metabolite; plant metabolite
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	8.07	38	2	long-chain fatty acid
icodextrin Icodextrin: A glucan that is structurally related to maltodextrin, with more than 85% of its molecules having molecular weights between 1640 and 45 000 Daltons (Da), and a weight-average molecular weight of about 20 000 Da; it is used in dialysis fluids as an alternative to glucose-based solutions, and to reduce adhesions after gynecological or abdominal surgery. It has also been used as a vehicle for drugs given via the peritoneal cavity.	2.15	1	0
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor	2.13	1	0	benzamides; benzodioxoles; imidazoles; pyridines	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.37	2	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	2.66	3	0
erbium oxide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
tropylium tropylium: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	monocyclic arene
tetrathiomolybdate tetrathiomolybdate: RN given refers to (MoS4)-2; chelates copper; inhibits CopB copper ATPase and cytokine proteins important for angiogenesis; structure	1.98	1	0
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	2.38	2	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	3.97	4	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	2.7	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
ubiquinone q2 Ubiquinone Q2: interacts with iron atom to form acceptor quinone complex; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	1.96	1	0	ubiquinones
bilirubin [no description available]	11.43	132	2	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	5.45	15	1	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	6.47	5	2	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formononetin [no description available]	7.25	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	7.6	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.68	10	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	23.29	861	79	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	8.93	34	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	7.04	13	2	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	2.87	4	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	1.97	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	1.98	1	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin e2 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin E2: RN given refers to (5Z,11alpha)-isomer; structure in first source. 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 : The 13,14-dihydro derivative of 15-oxo-prostaglandin E2.	1.96	1	0	prostaglandins E
alprostadil [no description available]	3.37	7	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	18.25	227	35	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	7.34	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	18.15	324	28	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	5.17	3	1	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin d2 9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin D2: has potent antineoplastic & weak smooth muscle contracting activities; structure given in first source. prostaglandin J2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins J that consists of prosta-5,9,13-trien-1-oic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 11 and a hydroxy group at position 15 (the 5Z,13E,15S stereoisomer).	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins J	human metabolite
zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.	2.82	2	0	carotenol	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.73	3	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.9	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.82	11	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	3.47	8	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	4.1	3	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.	2.34	2	0
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	3.45	1	1	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
previtamin d(3) previtamin D3 : A hydroxy seco-steroid which is an intermediate in the production of vitamin D3 in human skin.	1.96	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol	human metabolite
ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol: A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.. ethchlorvynol : Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists.	1.95	1	0
paricalcitol [no description available]	15.54	72	22	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	8.73	9	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	3.05	4	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
canthaxanthin Canthaxanthin: A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.. canthaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.	2.05	1	0	carotenone	biological pigment; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fungal metabolite
fucoxanthin fucoxanthin: RN given refers to (3S,3'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'R)-isomer. fucoxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties.	2.17	1	0
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	3.31	6	0	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein	2	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
strigol strigol: a strigolactone from roots of various PLANTS; it stimulates seed germination of parasitic STRIGA and OROBANCHE; structure in first source. strigol : A strigolactone in which the tricyclic lactone moiety bears a hydroxy substitutuent at the position para to the gem-dimethyl group.	7.03	1	0	indenofuran; secondary alcohol; strigolactone
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	2.93	4	0	alpha-humulene
oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.	4.9	1	1	beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
baicalein [no description available]	10.04	2	1	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.1	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
morusin morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source. morusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.	4.9	1	1	extended flavonoid; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.39	2	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.96	4	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
chicoric acid chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase	2.21	1	0	organooxygen compound	geroprotector; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	2.08	1	0	oligosaccharide
forsythiaside forsythiaside: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source; from the unripe fruit of Forsythia suspensa (qinglianquiao)	2.02	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	5.17	2	1	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	4.07	3	1	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: long lasting analog of calcitriol; RN given refers to (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer	4.06	3	1
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	2.66	3	0	stilbenoid
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	2.53	2	0	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	5.81	2	2	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/88. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are palmitoyl and oleoyl respectively.	1.97	1	0	(18R,21S)-24-amino-21-hydroxy-21-oxido-15-oxo-16,20,22-trioxa-21lambdalambda(5)-phosphatetracosan-18-yl icosanoate; phosphatidylethanolamine
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	5.46	4	1	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	3.07	5	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2.43	2	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	1.97	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
8-isoprostaglandin e2 8-isoprostaglandin E2: RN given refers to (5Z,8 beta,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer; see also 8,12-epi-prostaglandin E2 & prostaglandin E2. 8-epi-prostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; diol; prostanoid; secondary alcohol	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; rat metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.44	2	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
ubiquinone 8 [no description available]	4.97	2	1	ubiquinones	biomarker
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	9.03	11	3
codeine [no description available]	3.95	4	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.35	2	0	hydrochloride
ethisterone Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.	1.98	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	drug metabolite; progestin
hydrocodone Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.	1.98	1	0	morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	7.47	2	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	1.97	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	1.93	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	1.95	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	6.98	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	4.28	4	1	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	11.35	6	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	7.42	2	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.13	1	0	cyclodextrin
menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.	4.61	1	1	menaquinone	bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	4.03	15	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
peridinin peridinin: structure	2.17	1	0
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	1.98	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.37	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
lacidipine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.	2.04	1	0	1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	9.84	35	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
magnesium trisilicate magnesium trisilicate: RN given refers to parent cpd	4.24	5	0
mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.	2.02	1	0
ciguatoxins Ciguatoxins: Polycyclic ethers produced by Gambierdiscus (DINOFLAGELLATES) from gambiertoxins, which are ingested by fish which in turn may be ingested by humans who are susceptible to the CIGUATERA POISONING.. ciguatoxin CTX1B : A ciguatoxin comprising a sequence of twelve trans-fused six-, seven-, eight- and nine-membered rings and a spiro-fused five-membered ring. A commonly encountered fish toxin.. ciguatoxin : Ciguatoxins are cyclic polyether toxins, derived from marine dinoflagellates, which are responsible for the symptoms of ciguatera poisoning. Ingestion of tropical and subtropical fin fish contaminated by ciguatoxins results in an illness characterised by neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders.	2.52	2	0	ciguatoxin	metabolite
11-dehydrocorticosterone 11-dehydrocorticosterone : An 11-oxo steroid that is corticosterone in which the hydroxy substituent at the 11beta position has been oxidised to give the corresponding ketone.	1.93	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mead acid mead acid: also known as 20:3(n-9). (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoic acid : A 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid in which all three double bonds adopt cis-configuration.	1.98	1	0	5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	3.23	6	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
beta-bromostyrene [no description available]	2.03	1	0
biliverdine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
icariin [no description available]	2.52	2	0	flavonols; glycosyloxyflavone	antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen
ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	butenolide	metabolite
acetaldehyde oxime acetaldehyde oxime: structure. (E)-acetaldehyde oxime : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetaldehyde oxime.. acetaldehyde oxime : An aldoxime derived from acetaldehyde.	1.93	1	0	acetaldehyde oxime
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	7.02	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosbretabulin fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source	2	1	0
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	11.78	264	2	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	11.74	33	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	2.41	1	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	5.87	31	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	5.36	14	1	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	4.68	29	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	8.97	14	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	14.76	502	5	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	1.96	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	8.93	141	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	7.35	20	1	metal atom; pnictogen
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	4.85	11	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	12.17	319	2	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	10.41	13	1	boron group element atom
4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.	1.95	1	0
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	1.97	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	3.22	6	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	8.1	28	3	boron group element atom
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	2.54	2	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.11	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	1.99	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
desomorphine desomorphine: an informal term for a cheap injectable illicit drug domestically prepared from codeine-containing medication in Russia	8.21	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	16.4	918	4	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
monocrotophos Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	7.75	3	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid amide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
plastoquinone [no description available]	2.44	2	0	plastoquinone
vitamin mk 8 vitamin MK 8: isoprenoid acetone-soluble lipid. menaquinone-8 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 8 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.02	1	0	menaquinone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	1.96	1	0	alkatriene	fluorochrome
ajoene ajoene: major antiplatelet compound in methanol extract of garlic; also inhibits trypanothione reductase.	1.97	1	0	sulfoxide
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	4.38	2	2	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	4.48	23	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.25	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxyribose [no description available]	8.06	5	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	3.58	9	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	8.34	7	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
astatine Astatine: Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES.	2.08	1	0	elemental astatine
acetyl acetonate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	5.9	33	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.	3.03	1	0	thyronine
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	12.95	301	3	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	11.27	106	4	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
bialaphos bilanafos : A tripeptide comprising one L-phosphinothricyl and two L-alanyl units joined in sequence.	3.53	2	0	phosphinic acids; tripeptide	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	2.06	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure	2.05	1	0
1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan 1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	4.19	18	0
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	2.87	4	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
bafilomycin a [no description available]	2.01	1	0
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	8.62	8	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.05	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.	11.28	41	6	hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	4.56	7	0	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins	3.23	6	0
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	4.61	27	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
magnesium citrate magnesium citrate : A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and dibasic citrate ions in a 1:1 ratio.. trimagnesium dicitrate : A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and citrate ions in a 3:2 ratio.	4.68	3	2	magnesium salt	laxative
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	3.24	6	0
menaquinone 9 menaquinone-9 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 9 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.08	1	0	menaquinone	Escherichia coli metabolite
mastoparan [no description available]	2	1	0	mastoparans; peptidyl amide	antimicrobial agent
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	4.12	15	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	13.46	142	3	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
phosphorus pentoxide phosphorus pentoxide: drying agent for bacterial cultural extracts analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography; structure. diphosphonate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from diphosphonic acid.	5.88	32	0
dimethyl hydrogen phosphite dimethyl hydrogen phosphite: intermediate in production of insecticides or herbicides	2.05	1	0
phenylphosphinic acid phenylphosphinic acid: a white crystalline solid material	2.04	1	0
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	8.49	8	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
boron oxide boron oxide: RN given refers to B2O3	2.07	1	0	boron oxide
polonium Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).	3.15	5	0	chalcogen; metal atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	7.22	30	1	alkaline earth metal atom
thorium x thorium X: used in therapy of Bechterew's disease	7.34	2	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	11.68	115	6
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture	3.47	2	0
whewellite whewellite: calcium oxalate mineral	2.05	1	0
5-((methylamino)methyl)-2-selenouridine 5-((methylamino)methyl)-2-selenouridine: naturally occurring nucleotide in bacterial tRNAs; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
clinoptilolite clinoptilolite: clinoptilolite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN is for cpd with unknown MF	3.57	8	0
pyroantimonate pyroantimonate: RN from 9th CI, Chem Subs Index & given refers to ion; see also potassium antimonate: 16210-51-8, sodium antimonate: 20602-01-1	1.97	1	0
maxacalcitol maxacalcitol: structure given in first source	12.77	17	2	organic molecular entity
diacetylmonoxime diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.	1.99	1	0
mevalonolactone mevalonolactone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation; structure. mevalonolactone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-mevalonolactone and (S)-mevalonolactone.	2.4	2	0	4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one	fungal metabolite; plant metabolite
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	5.6	5	1	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	3.82	12	0	amidobenzoic acid
simethicone Simethicone: A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.	1.97	1	0
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhancing the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.	11.7	55	3
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	3.26	6	0
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	2.41	2	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
aminoethoxyvinylglycine aminoethoxyvinylglycine: RN given for (S-(E))-isomer	2.01	1	0
microcystin yr microcystin YR: structure given in first source; isolated from cyanobacterium	2.98	4	0
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source	2	1	0
1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidine)quinolinium, tetraiodide 1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidene)quinolinium: non-fluorescent in solution but forms highly fluorescent complex with double-stranded DNA; RN refers to the tetraiodide compound	2	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
microcystin rr microcystin RR: structure given in first source; isolated cyanobacterium	3.55	8	0	microcystin; organic molecular entity	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3-26,23-lactone [no description available]	1.97	1	0	vitamin D
1,25(oh)2-16-ene-23-yne-d3 Ro 23-7553: very potent in inhibiting proliferation & inducing differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells in vitro	2.02	1	0
calcifediol lactone calcifediol lactone: vitamin D3 metabolite; competes actively for vitamin D binding protein in ligand assay for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; RN given refers to (3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer	1.96	1	0
1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine: RN given in first source; RN given refers to (R-(Z,Z))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/90. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl L-serine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.. phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1) : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are octadecenoyl groups.	2.38	2	0	phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1)	mouse metabolite
n-methyl-1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	phosphatidylethanolamine
24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: RN given refers to (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer	1.96	1	0
mycoheptin mycoheptin: Russian drug; from Streptoverticillium mycoheptinicum	6.95	1	0
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.	2	1	0
2-(amino)oleic acid 2-(amino)oleic acid: inhibits the calcification of glutaraldehyde-pretreated porcine bioprosthetic heart valves	2.11	1	0
26-hydroxycholecalciferol 26-hydroxycholecalciferol: RN given refers to (25R)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Cheline 8/9/83	2.36	2	0
everolimus [no description available]	2.17	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
brompheniramine, pseudoephedrine drug combination [no description available]	2.06	1	0
chlorophyll chlorophyll a': RN refers to (SP-4-2-(3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21alpha)))-isomer	3.94	11	0
1-hydroxyprevitamin d3 1-hydroxyprevitamin D3: precursor of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3; RN given refers to (1alpha,3beta,6Z)-isomer	3.77	2	1
16-(2'-o-glucopyranosylglucopyranosyloxy)hexadecanoic acid 1',4''-lactone 6',6''-diacetate 16-(2'-O-glucopyranosylglucopyranosyloxy)hexadecanoic acid 1',4''-lactone 6',6''-diacetate: from Torulopsis apicola; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
trisporic acid trisporic acid: oxidized, unsaturated derivatives of 1,1,3'-trimethyl-2-(3'-methyloctyl)cyclohexane; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; several other RNs available in Chemline for methyl esters & tetrahydro derivatives. trisporic acid : Trisporic acids are C-18 terpenoid compounds consisting of (1S)-1,3-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a (1E-3-methylocta-1,3-dien-1-yl side chain. The double bond at position 3 of the side chain can have E or Z geometry. Position 7 of the side chain may be unsubstituted (trisporic acid A) or substituted by a hydroxy group (trisporic acid B) or an oxo group (trisporic acid C). The trisporic acids are synthesized via beta-carotene and retinol pathways in the Zygomycetes and are pheromone compounds responsible for sexual differentiation in those fungal species.	2.05	1	0
axitinib [no description available]	4.61	1	1	aryl sulfide; benzamides; indazoles; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	2.36	2	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
technetium tc 99m pyrophosphate Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate: A radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in scintigraphy or tomography of the heart to evaluate the extent of the necrotic myocardial process. It has also been used in noninvasive tests for the distribution of organ involvement in different types of amyloidosis and for the evaluation of muscle necrosis in the extremities.	2.36	2	0
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	2.25	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
fm1 43 FM1 43: labels motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling; structure given in second source	2.02	1	0	organic bromide salt; pyridinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt; tertiary amine	fluorochrome
beta-escin [no description available]	3.76	10	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	7.38	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
echinocystic acid echinocystic acid: aglycone moiety of saponin chrysantellin	2.11	1	0
6 beta-hydroxycortisol 6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.	1.99	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid; C21-steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; probe
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	3.4	7	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	1.95	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	2.39	2	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
corrole corrole: structure in first source. corrole : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is the octadehydro drivative of corrin.	3.56	7	0
carboxyl radical [no description available]	2.71	3	0	carbon oxide; organic radical anion	xenobiotic metabolite
saluzid saluzid: structure	6.93	1	0
adenosine 5'-phosphorothioate adenosine 5'-phosphorothioate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.37	2	0
rebaudioside a rebaudioside A: glucoside isolated from the leaves of the paraguayan shrub, Stevia rebaudiana; has taste properties superior to stevioside; structure in first source. rebaudioside A : A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.	3.18	5	0	beta-D-glucoside; rebaudioside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	sweetening agent
seryl-histidine seryl-histidine: both amino acids function together as key catalytic amino acids in the active sites of diverse enzymes as the serine- and thiol-proteases, lipases, and esterases. Ser-His : A dipeptide formed from L-serine and L-histidine residues.	2.17	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	1.97	1	0	ammonium ion derivative
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	2.37	2	0
dioleoylphosphatidic acid dioleoylphosphatidic acid: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidic acid : A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.37	2	0	1,2-bis(octadec-9-enoyl)phosphatidic acid
1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol: RN given refers to (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)-isomer. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 : A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha and 25.	2.69	3	0	hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d2 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2: metabolite of vitamin D2; RN given refers to (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)-isomer	2.4	2	0
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	2.51	2	0	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	18.33	631	28	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	3.5	8	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.01	1	0
ruboxyl ruboxyl: paramagnetic nitroxyl analog of rubomycin	1.97	1	0
n,o-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide [no description available]	1.99	1	0
ferrihydrite ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O	4.07	13	0
omacor Omacor: a drug containing the n-3 fatty acids that corrects plasma lipid; antiarrhthymic	6.77	3	3
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	1.97	1	0	oligopeptide
bismuth phosphate bismuth phosphate: used in treatment of renal cysts	2.05	1	0
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist	1.99	1	0
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	2.64	3	0	organic molecular entity
ytterbium trichloride ytterbium trichloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. ytterbium(III) chloride : The trichloride salt of ytterbium(III).	2.49	2	0	inorganic chloride	NMR shift reagent
ferrous phosphate [no description available]	7.16	36	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	4.8	32	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
mk-0524 MK-0524: a potent orally active human prostaglandin D(2) receptor 1 antagonist; structure in first source	5.34	2	2	indolyl carboxylic acid
em 800 EM 800: EM-800 is the prodrug of EM-652; EM-800 and EM-776 are (S)- and (R)-isomers, respectively; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	5.57	5	1	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
thiocolchicoside thiocolchicoside: used in combination with glafenine and meprobamate to tranquilize patients undergoing hysterosalpingography; structure	4.9	1	1	glycoside
motexafin gadolinium [no description available]	2	1	0
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	4.61	1	1	fatty acid ester
tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.	2.07	1	0	diterpenoid
rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source	4.9	1	1	azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
zeolites [no description available]	8.23	105	0
pitolisant pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source	4.61	1	1	organochlorine compound
u 18666a 3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one: inhibits cycloartenol synthase. 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor.	1.96	1	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; nicotinic antagonist; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
potassium oxide potassium oxide : A metal oxide with formula K2O.	2.42	2	0	metal oxide; potassium salt
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	5.44	59	0
1-hydroxyvitamin d5 1-hydroxyvitamin D5: structure given in first source	2	1	0
candicidin Candicidin: Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component.. candicidin D : A 38-membered ring lactone containing seven (E)-double bonds between positions 22 and 35 and substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11, 13, 17 and 19, oxo groups at positions 3, 7 and 15, a carboxy group at position 18, a 3-amino-3,6-dideoxymannopyranosyloxy group at position 21, a methyl group at position 36 and a 7-(4-aminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-oxoheptan-2-yl group at position 37. It is the major component of candicidin, a mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus.. candicidin : A mixture of the antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. It is composed of candicidins A, B, C and D, with candicidin D being the major component. Candicidin is active against some fungi of the genus Candida, and has been used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.	2.37	2	0	macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antifungal drug; bacterial metabolite
phosphoramidite phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.	9.63	4	0
dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.	3.35	1	0
fluorapatite fluorapatite: RN refers to fluorapatite [Ca5F(PO4)3]). apatite : A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl.. fluorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3F.	10.39	13	1
struvite Struvite: The mineral magnesium ammonium phosphate with the formula NH4MgPO4. It is associated with urea-splitting organisms in a high magnesium, high phosphate, alkaline environment. Accumulation of crystallized struvite is found in the urinary tract as struvite CALCULI and as scale on sewage system equipment and wastewater pipes.	10.63	284	0	hydrate; phosphate mineral	fertilizer
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	4.9	1	1
5-fluorouridine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.38	2	0
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	2.48	2	0
segetalin b segetalin B: isolated from Vaccaria segetalis; structure in first source	2.41	1	0
5s,12r,18r-trihydroxy-6z,8e,10e,14z,16e-eicosapentaenoic acid 5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid: a bioactive oxygenated product of EPA, was identified in human plasma and prepared by total organic synthesis; structure in first source. resolvin E1 : A resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18R stereoisomer).	2.15	1	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; nonclassic icosanoid; resolvin; triol	anti-inflammatory agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	4.97	2	1
digalactosyldiacylglycerol digalactosyldiacylglycerol: two Galactoses bound to diacylglycerol; the mono Gal MGDG is also available; constitutes 20% of plant chloroplast lipids; see also 1,2-distearoyldigalactosyldiglyceride	7.43	2	0
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2.02	1	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	5.01	42	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	4.68	9	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	4.9	1	1
5,5'-difluoro-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 5,5'-difluoro-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
palytoxin palytoxin: coelenterate toxin; composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides. palytoxin : A polyol marine coelenterate toxin composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides and produced by species of Palythoa and Zoanthus soft corals (collectively called zoantharians), either as a defence mechanism or to assist them in capturing prey. An ionophore that forms cation channels through Na+/K+-ATPase, it is a potent vasoconstrictor useful in evaluation of anti-angina agents. It is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice.	3.54	2	0	polyol	toxin
mefenoxam metalaxyl-M : A methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate that is the more active R-enantiomer of metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.	2.02	1	0	acylamino acid fungicide; anilide fungicide; D-alanine derivative; methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate	agrochemical
cardanol cardanol: from pink pepper; phenol with hydrocarbon side chain which can vary in length & unsaturation	7.41	1	0	phenols
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	2.66	3	0	nystatins
topramezone topramezone: corn herbicide, an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; structure in first source. topramezone : An aromatic ketone that is phenyl 1H-pyrazol-4-yl ketone in which the pyrazolyl group is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively, and in which the phenyl group is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by methyl, 4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl, and methylsulfonyl groups, respectively. A potent inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) that is rapily metabolised by corn to non-active substances, it is used as a herbicide for the treatment of broadleaf weeds.	2.17	1	0
mk 2866 [no description available]	2.21	1	0
2-methylene-19-nor-(20s)-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: structure in first source	4.45	1	1
penthiopyrad penthiopyrad: a fungicide. penthiopyrad : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.. 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)thiophen-3-amine.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; thiophenes
alogliptin alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	8.8	1	1	nitrile; piperidines; primary amino compound; pyrimidines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
chlorophyll b [no description available]	3.16	5	0	chlorophyll	cofactor
phytic acid inositol pentaphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.1	1	0	inositol phosphate
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	10.34	28	4
vitamin d3 sulfoconjugate [no description available]	2.37	2	0	vitamin D
granite granite: crystalline rock of quartz, orthoclase, muscovite & biotite	8.17	5	0	triazolopyrimidines
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophyll A: A specific bacteriochlorophyll that is similar in structure to chlorophyll a.. bacteriochlorophyll : Chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria.	2.01	1	0	bacteriochlorophyll; methyl ester
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	3.67	10	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.08	1	0
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	3.23	6	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.15	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.63	3	0
copper oxychloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	6	22	0
podophyllin Podophyllin: Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses.	2.34	2	0
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	4.08	3	1
hachimycin hachimycin: major descriptor (78-85); on-line search ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIFUNGAL (66-85); Index Medicus search TRICHOMYCIN (63-77); HACHIMYCIN (78-85)	1.93	1	0
tribromodiphenyl ether 28 4-bromophenyl 2,4-dibromophenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 4, and 4' positions have been replaced by bromines.	2.08	1	0	polybromodiphenyl ether
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	4.19	5	0
enerbol Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)	2.87	4	0
dihydrotachysterol Dihydrotachysterol: A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.. dihydrotachysterol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,22-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D that acts a bone density conservation agent.	8.27	55	1
tomaymycin tomaymycin: structure. tomaymycin : A pyrrolobenzodiazepine that is (11aS)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 2,5,7,8 and 11R by ethylidene, oxo, methoxy, hydroxy and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a natural product of Streptomyces achromogenes that binds covalently with guanine in the minor groove of DNA. It is an antitumoral compound which is active in ovarian, plasmacytoma, and leukemia cancer cell lines at nanomolar concentrations.. (Z)-tomaymycin : The (Z)-isomer of tomaymycin.	1.98	1	0	tomaymycin
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	3.17	5	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	13.79	285	7
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	2.04	1	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	9.23	5	0
bleomycetin bleomycetin: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.11	1	0
25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol: RN given refers to (3beta,5A,7E)-isomer	3.46	2	0
tetrahydrouridine Tetrahydrouridine: An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.	1.95	1	0
ammonium citrate [no description available]	2.81	3	0	ammonium salt; citrate salt	buffer; food emulsifier
lithium borate lithium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li2-B4O7; structure	2.94	4	0	borate salts
aflatoxin g1 aflatoxin G1: RN given refers to (7aR-cis)-isomer & is from 9th CI Form Index	2.21	1	0
jaw [no description available]	3.65	10	0	indolecarboxamide
5-deoxystrigol 5-deoxystrigol: from Lotus japonicus root culture; structure in first source	3.01	2	0	indenofuran; strigolactone	plant metabolite
monacolin l monacolin L: isolated from Monascus ruber; structure given in first source. monacolin L : A polyketide that is 1-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene in which one of the methyl hydrogens from the ethyl group is replaced by a 4-hydroxy-6-ketopyran-2-yl group.	2	1	0	2-pyranones; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; secondary alcohol	anticholesteremic drug; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor
kirenol kirenol: an antirheumatic agent isolated from Siegebeckia; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	diterpenoid
zinc silicate zinc silicate: RN given refers to Zn[1:2] salt	2.07	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	15.62	94	2	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desmosine Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.	2.41	2	0	aromatic amino acid
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.33	7	0
calcitonin [no description available]	7.35	16	8
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	2.36	2	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	3.23	6	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	3.45	8	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.35	2	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	5.03	5	2	polypeptide
nociceptin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	organic molecular entity; polypeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	14.46	28	3
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	3.48	8	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	7.96	40	1	peptide hormone
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	6.97	1	0
thymopoietin iii thymopoietin III: 48 AA monomeric peptide isolated from bovine spleen; thymopoietins I & II are from thymus; structure in first source	1.93	1	0
anaritide anaritide: anaritide is a synthetic 25-amino acid atrial natriuretic factor corresponding to the (102-126) sequence of ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR PROHORMONE; WY-47,663 is the acetate salt; RN & structure given in USAN; see also ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; ALPHA-ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE, HUMAN (NM); ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE, RAT (NM).	3.36	1	1
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	9.36	20	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	7.83	52	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	3.09	5	0
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.	2.87	4	0	glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	12.64	119	7	glycoside
sodium borate borax: see also sodium borate. borax : A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate.	2.04	1	0
perovskite calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.	8.01	3	0
sodium titanate [no description available]	2.42	2	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.48	2	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	8.29	224	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	1.97	1	0
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.	4.08	3	1	21-hydroxy steroid
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	9.7	589	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
phenylmercuric acetate Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.	1.95	1	0	arylmercury compound; benzenes
phentin acetate phentin acetate: see also triphenyltin hydroxide.; structure. fentin acetate : An organotin compound that is the O-acetyl derivative of triphenyltin hydroxide. A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans.	2.01	1	0	acetate ester; organotin compound	antifungal agrochemical
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	3.55	8	0	organotin acaricide
aluminum lactate aluminum lactate: RN given refers to compound with unknown number of aluminum atoms	2.41	2	0	aluminium coordination entity; lactate salt
dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate: synonym proacid refers to 1:1 mixture of title cpd with magnesium carbonate	1.96	1	0
3-(3-(4-((pyridin-2-yloxy)methyl)benzyl)isoxazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-amine APX001A: has antifungal activity; structure in first source	4.9	1	1
sodium salicylate [no description available]	2.64	3	0	organic molecular entity
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	8.37	15	3
aminoindanol aminoindanol: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
cyclic adenosine-5'-trimetaphosphate cyclic adenosine-5'-trimetaphosphate: structure given in first source, cyclic refers to arrangement of three phosphates	2.41	1	0
dinophysistoxin 1 dinophysistoxin 1: from toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis fortii; RN given for (35R)-isomer; structure given in first source. dinophysistoxin 1 : A ketal that is a marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Produced by dinoflagellates it is known to accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning. It is an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and PP2A and has been shown to promote cancer cell growth in tumour cell lines and animal models.	2.04	1	0	ketal	animal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; marine metabolite; toxin
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2.02	1	0
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	2.44	2	0
hexafluorosilicic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
silicate cement Silicate Cement: A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)	3.09	5	0
menotropins Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.	1.93	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	10.95	58	3
1,2-bis(2-amino-5,6-difluorophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-amino-5,6-difluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.	5.2	11	1
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	7.09	16	1	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	3.52	8	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	2.42	2	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
potassium bromate potassium bromate: used as bread improver	2.11	1	0	bromate salt; potassium salt	flour treatment agent
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	7.52	2	0
sodium hypophosphite sodium hypophosphite: RN given refers to phosphinic acid, Na salt; structure	2.65	3	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	2.31	1	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	2.39	2	0
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.	3.33	7	0
mersalyl Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.	1.96	1	0
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	2.05	1	0
hygromycin b [no description available]	2.02	1	0
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	4.04	3	1	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine 1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer. 1,2-di-O-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are both arachidonoyl.	1.98	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	1.97	1	0
canagliflozin canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.	6.52	3	2	C-glycosyl compound; organofluorine compound; thiophenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
superphosphate superphosphate: RN given refers to normal or enriched superphosphate, MF unknown	4.32	18	0
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	3.75	11	0
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2.31	1	0	BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	3.07	5	0
pyromorphite [no description available]	8.71	9	0
trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.	1.98	1	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	6.98	1	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
fibrinopeptide a Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.	2	1	0
mannans [no description available]	5.98	8	1
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	4.08	14	0
bixalomer bixalomer: a gastrointestinal agent	10.78	7	1
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	3	4	0	organic anion
3-phosphonopyruvate 3-phosphonatopyruvate(2-) : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy and one of the phosphonate OH groups of 3-phosphonopyruvic acid.	1.97	1	0	monocarboxylic acid anion
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	7.87	4	0
ganglioside, gd1a [no description available]	1.98	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	14.56	111	1
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	7.28	18	2
bryostatin 1 bryostatin 1: a protein kinase C activator; macrocyclic lactone from marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina; RN given refers to (1S-(1R,3R,5Z,7S,8E,11R,12R(2E,4E),13E,15R,17S(S),21S,23S,25R))-isomer; structure given in first source; activates protein kinase c. bryostatin 1 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.	2.03	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	6.03	4	2
heliosit [no description available]	1.98	1	0
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.63	3	0
tylosin [no description available]	4.1	3	1
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor	4.61	1	1	benzoxazole
endrin Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). endrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.	2.64	3	0
uridine diphosphate n-acetylgalactosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylgalactosamine: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine(2-) : Dianion of UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine : A UDP-sugar having N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as the sugar component.	2.38	2	0	nucleotide-sugar oxoanion	human metabolite
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	4.65	6	1
gyy 4137 GYY 4137: has vasodilator, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	2.63	2	0	organic molecular entity
calcipotriene calcipotriene: a topical dermatologic for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis; structure in first source. calcipotriol hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of calcipotriol. It is used in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.	3.4	1	1	hydrate	antipsoriatic
abt-199 venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source.. venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	3.34	7	0
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl.	1.97	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	2.4	2	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	3.2	5	0	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	5.98	8	1
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.44	8	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	13.25	133	9	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	4.65	9	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	8.22	51	1
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	3.96	14	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	5.9	33	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	4.88	5	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.63	3	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.63	3	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	3.36	1	1	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-epianhydrotetracycline 4-epianhydrotetracycline: impurity in pahrmaceutical preparations of tetracycline; RN refers to (4S-(4alpha,4aalpha,12aalpha))-isomer	2.25	1	0
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	4.96	15	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	2.64	3	0
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.4	2	0
antimycin [no description available]	1.97	1	0
4-hydroxycoumarin 2-hydroxychromone: structure	7.33	2	0	hydroxycoumarin
teriflunomide [no description available]	4.9	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
oc 5186 OC 5186: has protective effects on forebrain ischemia in rats; RN from Toxlit; a prostaglandin B2 oligomeric ester	1.97	1	0
orobanchol orobanchol: a germination stimulant for root parasitic weeds; isolated from tobacco; structure in first source	7.03	1	0	indenofuran; secondary alcohol; strigolactone	plant metabolite
nickel nitrilotriacetic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
estradiol benzoate, progesterone drug combination estradiol benzoate, progesterone drug combination: contains estradiol benzoate & progesterone	1.96	1	0
whitlockite whitlockite: structure; used to coat metal implants	3.69	10	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.41	2	0
microcystin microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.	6.12	37	0	peptide
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	3.57	8	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	7.39	76	0
sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride [no description available]	2.08	1	0
bismuth oxybromide bismuth oxybromide: bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) nanoplate microspheres were used to remove NO in indoor air under visible light irradiation	4.9	1	1
lead radioisotopes Lead Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.	3.69	9	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	5.5	12	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	6.99	12	2
anorthite [no description available]	2.13	1	0
saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.	2.52	2	0	alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine	cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	2.8	3	0	ketal
phosphatidylethanol phosphatidylethanol: formed in rat brain by phospholipase D. phosphatidylethanol : A glycerophospholipid that is the monoethyl ester of any phosphatidic acid.	1.98	1	0
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	7.81	3	0
sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.	2.21	1	0	benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.97	4	0
aquacobalamin [no description available]	1.99	1	0
bgp 15 BGP 15: A PARP (poy(ADP)-ribose polymerase) inhibitor; structure in first source; do not confuse with BGP-15 calcipotriene cpd	2.01	1	0
catosal butaphosphan, cyanocobalamin drug combination: 10% Butaphosphan+cyanocobalamin: used to prevent or treat deficiencies of vitamin B12 and phosphorus in farm animals in the United States.	2.06	1	0
tobermorite tobermorite: used in phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater	7.03	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	8.56	9	0
arsenic trisulfide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
laponite laponite: a synthesized hectorite; chemical formula in first source	7.6	1	0
tenapanor [no description available]	14.26	9	6
cobra cardiotoxin proteins Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins: Most abundant proteins in COBRA venom; basic polypeptides of 57 to 62 amino acids with four disulfide bonds and a molecular weight of less than 7000; causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis.	3.49	2	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	4.9	1	1
glutaminase [no description available]	3.04	5	0
borogluconate borogluconate: RN given refers to parent cpd	9.86	4	2
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	12.13	148	9
nattokinase nattokinase: isolated from the Japanese soybean cheese Natto; MW: 20,000; pI=8.6	3.51	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	4.74	10	0
illite [no description available]	2.47	2	0
aluminum hydroxyphosphate [no description available]	2	1	0
phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.	4.13	4	0	phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source	2.48	2	0
g(m3) ganglioside G(M3) Ganglioside: A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic sphingolipidosis.. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) : A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide(d18:1/24:1(15Z)).	2	1	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide; sialodiosylceramide; sialotriaosylceramide	mouse metabolite
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	4.59	27	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	3.28	6	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin d3 1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3: RN refers to (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer; formulated in ointment at a concentration of 4 microg/g, for treatment of mild psoriasis	2.88	4	0
24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin d3 [no description available]	2.88	4	0
aqua regia aqua regia: mixture of hydrochloric & nitric acids	2.15	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 2 Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis.	2.1	1	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	1.95	1	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
ferric oxide, saccharated Ferric Oxide, Saccharated: A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical.	9.6	20	7
gadoxetic acid disodium gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA: DTPA covalently linked to the lipoohilic ethoxybenzyl moiety; a contrast agent in MR imaging of hepatobiliary system	1.99	1	0
dinophysistoxin 2 dinophysistoxin 2: structure given in first source; a principal toxin responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. dinophysistoxin 2 : A ketal that is a rare marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Found yearly along with okadaic acid in Portuguese shellfish, its presence has been correlated with the occurrence of Dinophysis acta.	2.04	1	0	ketal	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; toxin
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	3.19	6	0
ferrosilicon ferrosilicon: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF	1.94	1	0
feldspar feldspar: structure	2.13	1	0
epoetin alfa Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.	3.4	1	1
lipofectamine Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent	2.1	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	8.79	11	0
t-2 toxin T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals.	2.89	4	0
aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.	2.39	2	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2.25	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	8.52	50	1
norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.	2.36	2	0
moxidectin moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity	2.21	1	0
nickel ferrite nickel ferrite : A mixed metal oxide with formula Fe2NiO4.	2.25	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	10.17	11	1
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	3.33	7	0
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	1.99	1	0
2-methylisoborneol 2-methylisoborneol: structure. 2-methylisoborneol : An bornane monoterpenoid comprising isoborneol carrying a 2-methyl substituent (the 1R,2R,4R-diastereomer).	2.98	4	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	2.69	3	0
factor f430 factor F430: low mol wt nickel-containing cpd from Methanobacterium. coenzyme F430 : A nickel tetrapyrrole found only in methanogenic Archaea. It is the prosthetic group of the enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase which catalyses the release of methane in the final step of methanogenesis.	1.95	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	2.67	3	0
protopanaxadiol protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.01	1	0
catalpol catalpol: component of dihuang; RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	4.91	2	1
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	4.54	5	1
technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.	3.57	9	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	1.95	1	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	3.55	9	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	7.44	39	1
chromomycins Chromomycins: A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.. chromomycin : A family of antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces griseus.	2.37	2	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	3.48	8	0
perlite Perlite: siliceous volcanic rock composed of silicon dioxide & aluminum oxide	2.82	3	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	4.13	15	0
protopanaxatriol protopanaxatriol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; acid hydrolysis leads to panaxatriol. protopanaxatriol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng and notoginseng) that is that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.01	1	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	6.75	11	1	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	3.79	11	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.6	9	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine diphosphate mannose Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis.. GDP-D-mannose : A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.. GDP-alpha-D-mannose : The alpha-anomer of GDP-D-mannose.	2.48	2	0	GDP-D-mannose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.89	4	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.76	11	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	4.17	17	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	3.23	6	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.07	5	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	8.33	7	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.	1.97	1	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	10.91	33	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
viomycin [no description available]	3.03	5	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide antibiotic	antitubercular agent
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	2.37	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
7,8-dihydrobiopterin 7,8-dihydrobiopterin: RN given refers to (S-(R,S))-isomer. 7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A dihydropterin that is biopterin dihydrogenated at positions 7 and 8.. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1R,2S)-configuration; naturally occurring form.	1.98	1	0	7,8-dihydrobiopterin
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	9.49	458	0
5'-guanylylmethylenebisphosphonate guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-methylene]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is guanosine substituted at position 5' by a (beta,gamma-methylene)triphosphate group.	2.02	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	3.8	4	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	3.1	1	0	dacarbazine
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.39	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	7.02	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	7.85	4	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	6.32	30	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	2.71	3	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	7.88	4	0
2-(5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3h)-quinazolinone 2-(5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3H)-quinazolinone: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	aryl phosphate; monochlorobenzenes; quinazolines	fluorochrome
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	1.99	1	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid [no description available]	2.48	2	0	cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	immunomodulator; signalling molecule
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.4	2	0	guanosines	biomarker
n-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)acetylaminofluorene N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by an acetyl(9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino group.	2	1	0	guanosines
2-naphthol orange 2-naphthol orange: structure; see also record for C.I. Solvent Orange 2	2.13	1	0
arsenazo iii Arsenazo III: Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo.	2.07	1	0
tetrahydropterin [no description available]	1.98	1	0
guanosine 5'-phosphoimidazolide [no description available]	2.38	2	0
phosphocreatinine phosphocreatinine: cyclic deriv of phosphocreatine; RN given refers to parent cpd	6.29	11	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxycytidylyl-(3'-5')-deoxyguanosine deoxycytidylyl-(3'-5')-deoxyguanosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dCpdG : A (3'->5')-dinucleotide consisting of 2'-deoxyguanosine having a 2'-deoxycytidylyl-3-phospho moiety attached at the 5-position.	2.07	1	0	(3'->5')-dinucleotide
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	3.49	7	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
n-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a (9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino group.	2.4	2	0	guanosines
n-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene: major DNA adduct in female rats treated with 1-nitropyrene	2	1	0
defibrotide defibrotide: Single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide extracted from mammalian organs and used in the treatment of HEPATIC VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE in patients with kidney or lung abnormalities following HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION	1.93	1	0
guanosine 5'-phospho-2-methylimidazolide [no description available]	2.66	3	0
molybdenum cofactor molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2.	2.38	2	0	Mo-molybdopterin cofactor; organophosphate oxoanion
alcian blue Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.	2.38	2	0
cycloprodigiosin cycloprodigiosin: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	3.49	8	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	2.86	4	0
eye [no description available]	5.6	25	0
fructooligosaccharide [no description available]	4.36	4	1	oligosaccharide
chromomycin a3 Chromomycin A3: Glycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus used as a fluorescent stain of DNA and as an antineoplastic agent.	2.38	2	0
ferric carboxymaltose ferric carboxymaltose: effective for treatment of postpartum anemia	9.17	3	0
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	6.01	4	2
esperamicin a1 esperamicin A1: from Actinomadura verrucosospora; RN refers to (1S,(1R,4Z,8S,12S*,13E))-isomer. esperamicin A1 : A naturally occurring antibiotic and antitumor agent isolated from Actinomadura verrucosopora. Its chemical structure consists of a core bicyclo[7.3.1]tridecadiynene moiety containing a 1,5-diyn-3-ene as part of a ten-membered ring, a alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone with a bridgehead double bond and an attached allylic trisulfide. This ring system is attached at one end by a trisaccharide moiety and at the opposite end by a 2-deoxy-L-fucose-anthranilate moiety. The trisaccharide consists of a hydroxyamino sugar which is connected to a isopropylamino sugar through a glycosidic linkage and a thiomethyl sugar through an NH-O linkage.	1.99	1	0
succinoglycan succinoglycan: extracellular heteropolysaccharides from Rhizobium meliloti; polymer of octasacharide subunits, one pyruvate, one acetyl & one succinyl group per subunit	2.02	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	3.46	8	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	4.48	7	0
vermiculite [no description available]	7.87	3	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	2.02	1	0
aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available]	2	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	17.23	1,214	2
1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin d3 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3: RN given refers to (3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer	3.06	1	0
thrombin aptamer thrombin aptamer: nucleotide sequence given in first source; a synthetic polynucleotide	2.06	1	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	9.1	5	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	1.98	1	0
tetrafluoroaluminate tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation	2.01	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.75	10	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	21.33	379	54
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	12.78	27	16
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	20.72	1,065	43
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	21.33	379	54
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	25.09	556	8
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	20.09	556	8
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	9.71	72	1
Hepatorenal Syndrome Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL), and in the absence of intrinsic renal disease or kidney abnormality. It is characterized by intense renal vasculature constriction, reduced renal blood flow, OLIGURIA, and sodium retention.	2.31	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	25.64	350	34
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	14.71	72	1
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	3.65	10	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	5.45	4	1
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	5.74	6	1
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	23.72	627	112
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	26.57	1,162	22
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.	23.72	627	112
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	26.57	1,162	22
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	2.31	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	5.45	4	1
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	5.74	6	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	29.55	2,011	191
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	29.55	2,011	191
Anoxemia [description not available]	9.99	150	1
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	2.41	1	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	5.25	4	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	9.99	150	1
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	2.49	2	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	5.25	4	1
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	8.91	38	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	17.11	435	13
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	10.53	68	7
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	10.53	68	7
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	8.29	69	1
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	12.65	133	3
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	10.12	19	4
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	10.12	19	4
Hyperphosphatemia A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.	21.04	281	75
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	18.42	153	56
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	18.31	113	40
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	18.31	113	40
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	6.64	53	0
Primary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	11.81	58	4
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	13.73	77	1
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.	11.81	58	4
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	11.69	21	1
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	4.23	17	0
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	11.69	21	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	20.45	227	28
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.	16.35	161	11
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	18.91	1,049	34
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	13.73	65	18
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	13.73	65	18
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	3.31	6	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	19.83	354	83
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	2.31	1	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	3.31	6	0
Allergy, Milk [description not available]	4.99	2	1
Milk Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.	4.99	2	1
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	12.96	79	5
Prediabetes [description not available]	7.08	17	2
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	12.96	79	5
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	7.08	17	2
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	5.96	43	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	5.96	43	0
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Ache [description not available]	8.01	47	2
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	2.38	2	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	13.01	47	2
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	3.78	9	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	13.75	250	33
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	9.98	73	4
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	12.58	71	10
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	22.11	624	32
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	22.11	624	32
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	6.35	8	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	9.75	47	3
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	6.35	8	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	9.75	47	3
Breast Cancer [description not available]	14.48	160	13
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	14.48	160	13
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	10.55	24	9
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	10.55	24	9
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	5.82	8	1
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	5.69	33	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	5.69	33	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	5.82	8	1
Compression Fractures [description not available]	7.9	3	0
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	7.48	13	4
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	7.48	13	4
Osteoporotic Fractures Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.	4.76	10	0
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	8.9	28	3
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	13.2	121	14
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	13.9	28	3
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	17.27	449	11
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	13.2	121	14
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	3.92	11	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	3.92	11	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	19.85	470	39
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	7.74	14	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	12.74	14	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	11.33	112	4
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	14.15	28	4
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	10.13	63	4
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	9.15	28	4
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	10.13	63	4
Debility [description not available]	3.64	2	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	13.8	157	8
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	13.8	157	8
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	12.67	79	8
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	11.12	37	1
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.	18.55	267	22
Hypoparathyroidism A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.	18.55	267	22
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	11.12	37	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	7.93	145	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	7.93	145	0
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	8.3	22	2
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	8.3	22	2
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	5.8	21	1
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	5.8	21	1
Refeeding Syndrome A condition of metabolic imbalance that is caused by complications of initially feeding a severely malnourished patient too aggressively. Usually occurring within the first 5 days of refeeding, this syndrome is characterized by WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS; and DIARRHEA.	11.7	20	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	14.56	301	7
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	27.13	1,313	35
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	27.13	1,313	35
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	10.56	88	1
Caffey Disease [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	18.23	514	5
Diabetes, Phosphate [description not available]	12.13	130	1
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	18.23	514	5
Hypophosphatemia, Familial An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.	12.13	130	1
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	12.37	52	10
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	12.37	52	10
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	11.84	95	6
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy that can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are many forms (called LGMDs) involving genes encoding muscle membrane proteins such as the sarcoglycan (SARCOGLYCANS) complex that interacts with DYSTROPHIN. The disease is characterized by progressing wasting and weakness of the proximal muscles of arms and legs around the HIPS and SHOULDERS (the pelvic and shoulder girdles).	3.33	1	0
Generalized Resistance To 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [description not available]	14.89	54	11
Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets A hereditary disorder characterized by HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; renal defects in phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D metabolism; and growth retardation. Autosomal and X-linked dominant and recessive variants have been reported.	14.89	54	11
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	14.34	66	19
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	14.34	66	19
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	5.23	3	1
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	7.49	19	3
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	7.49	19	3
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	5.23	3	1
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	17.23	115	20
Caries, Dental [description not available]	13.23	182	8
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	13.23	182	8
Malnourishment [description not available]	9.35	35	1
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	9.35	35	1
Kidney Stones [description not available]	15.22	209	5
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	20.22	209	5
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	5.54	5	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	5.54	5	1
CKD-MBD [description not available]	20.26	349	23
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.	20.26	349	23
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available]	4.89	7	1
Atheroma [description not available]	6.76	12	1
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	10.66	43	8
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	10.66	43	8
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	5.33	4	1
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	5.33	4	1
Cannabis Abuse [description not available]	2.9	2	0
Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.	2.9	2	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	9.76	24	6
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	14.76	24	6
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	8.15	9	4
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	9.27	26	4
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	8.15	9	4
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	9.27	26	4
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	4.59	6	1
Familial Precocious Puberty [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Puberty, Precocious Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.	2.41	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	8.46	38	4
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	8.46	38	4
Low Bone Density [description not available]	17.08	233	11
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	17.08	233	11
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	13.06	261	6
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	6.71	22	1
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	6.71	22	1
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Aldosteronism [description not available]	4.66	11	0
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	7.86	4	0
Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.	4.66	11	0
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [description not available]	4.03	3	1
Menorrhagia Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.	9.03	3	1
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	10.65	30	0
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	9.37	22	5
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	7.41	1	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	9.37	22	5
Lethargy A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION.	2.41	1	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	5.85	38	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	10.96	78	3
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	10.96	78	3
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	5.14	11	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	10.14	11	0
Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).	7.02	9	2
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	3.33	1	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	5.28	4	1
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	5.28	4	1
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	8.75	37	1
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	7.25	12	2
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	12.25	12	2
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	11.56	63	3
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	11.56	63	3
Parodontosis [description not available]	6.76	34	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	11.76	34	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	10.42	64	3
Adult Rickets [description not available]	16.5	369	9
Connective Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	5.62	11	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	11.54	27	14
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	10.42	64	3
Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)	4.31	7	0
Mesenchymoma A mixed mesenchymal tumor composed of two or more mesodermal cellular elements not commonly associated, not counting fibrous tissue as one of the elements. Mesenchymomas are widely distributed in the body and about 75% are malignant. (Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)	4.78	7	0
Osteomalacia Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.	16.5	369	9
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	7.38	19	1
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	9.46	50	4
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	9.46	50	4
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	2.81	3	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	8.35	54	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	8.35	54	1
Aura [description not available]	8.95	53	3
Spasmophilia [description not available]	14.87	92	2
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	8.95	53	3
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	15.43	239	6
Recrudescence [description not available]	11.04	65	6
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	14.21	84	12
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	2.94	4	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	6.22	19	2
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	2.94	4	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	10.65	81	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	15.65	81	1
Bone Stress Reaction [description not available]	3.36	2	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	12.78	68	4
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	17.78	68	4
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	3.26	5	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	3.26	5	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	4.84	13	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	4.84	13	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	6.34	8	2
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	6.34	8	2
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	4.66	10	0
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	2.41	1	0
Necrotizing Enterocolitis [description not available]	3.04	4	0
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.	3.04	4	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	17.26	171	12
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	8.7	40	3
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	8.7	40	3
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	17.26	171	12
Bone Cancer [description not available]	12.43	118	3
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	9.84	34	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	12.43	118	3
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.84	34	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	9.98	73	2
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	6.7	7	1
Preterm Birth [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	2.59	2	0
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available]	5.59	2	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	8.21	20	2
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.	5.59	2	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	8.21	20	2
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	2.41	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	6.47	17	1
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	6.47	17	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	8.8	48	2
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	8.8	48	2
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	6.03	20	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	6.03	20	0
Cane-Cutter Fever [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Leptospirosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.	2.39	2	0
Itching [description not available]	9.79	29	5
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	9.79	29	5
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	16.51	302	8
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.	2.41	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	7.2	14	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	7.2	14	1
Acquired Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets [description not available]	5.36	14	0
Rickets, Hypophosphatemic A disorder characterized by HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; resulting from lack of phosphate reabsorption by the kidneys and possible defects in vitamin D metabolism.	5.36	14	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	3.83	4	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	12.14	26	14
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	3.83	4	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	12.14	26	14
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available]	3.02	4	0
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)	3.02	4	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	5.6	6	1
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	8.61	23	5
Pancreatic Insufficiency [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	8.61	23	5
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.	2.31	1	0
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	2.31	1	0
Paraneoplastic Syndromes In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.	5.66	12	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	7.12	11	1
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	7.12	11	1
Amniotic Fluid Embolism [description not available]	4.21	9	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.09	38	0
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy [description not available]	9.96	101	1
Pseudohypoparathyroidism A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN.	9.96	101	1
Segond Fracture [description not available]	4.38	21	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	4.38	21	0
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	6.11	20	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	4.52	9	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	4.52	9	0
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	3.33	4	0
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available]	4.22	5	0
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	3.33	4	0
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)	4.22	5	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	7.59	47	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	7.59	47	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	14.03	105	4
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	3.11	3	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	5.8	7	1
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	5.8	7	1
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	3.13	5	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	4.52	9	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	3.13	5	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	4.52	9	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	8.74	111	1
Co-infection [description not available]	5.23	3	1
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	8.23	92	0
Trichostrongylosis Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.	4.97	15	0
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	2.4	2	0
Caries, Cervical [description not available]	4.66	6	1
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	9.92	62	11
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Nanism [description not available]	4.47	24	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	3.27	6	0
DiGeorge Syndrome Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.	2.47	2	0
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.	4.47	24	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	5.2	19	0
Azotaemia [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	8.5	63	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	9.2	30	4
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	8.5	63	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	9.2	30	4
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	7.53	17	1
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	14.51	151	8
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	5.42	15	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	3.94	13	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	3.94	13	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	6.7	22	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	6.7	22	1
Blue-Eared Pig Disease [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	6.94	17	1
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	7.53	60	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	5.11	18	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	5.11	18	0
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Contusion [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	16.16	46	6
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	5.45	25	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	5.45	25	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	5.2	2	1
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	5.2	2	1
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	13.5	104	35
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	13.5	104	35
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	11.2	149	3
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	11.2	149	3
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	4.92	14	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	4.88	14	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	9.88	14	0
Potassium Deficiency A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	5.23	20	0
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	19.98	644	19
Stunted Growth [description not available]	10.14	45	7
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	10.14	45	7
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	20	276	37
Psychoses [description not available]	8.34	7	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	20	276	37
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	3.34	7	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	6.29	7	1
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	5.09	17	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	5.09	17	0
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	14.79	97	1
Lassitude [description not available]	6.68	21	3
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	11.68	21	3
No-Reflow Phenomenon Markedly reduced or absent REPERFUSION in an infarct zone following the removal of an obstruction or constriction of an artery.	2.21	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	8.28	43	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	8.28	43	1
Metabolically Benign Obesity [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.	2.21	1	0
Mucocele A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)	7.55	2	0
Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	6.46	17	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	6.46	17	1
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	13.21	98	13
Pyrexia [description not available]	12.17	22	1
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	7.37	44	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	7.09	11	2
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	7.17	22	1
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	7.37	44	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	12.09	11	2
Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	2.42	2	0
Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)	2.48	2	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	9.9	14	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	14.31	144	9
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	14.31	144	9
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	8.68	80	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	6.6	10	2
Rachitis [description not available]	17.73	448	13
Tendinitis Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings.	3.06	5	0
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease [description not available]	4.48	9	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	6.97	29	1
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)	2.41	2	0
Chondrocalcinosis Presence of CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE in the connective tissues such as the cartilaginous structures of joints. When accompanied by GOUT-like symptoms, it is referred to as pseudogout.	9.48	9	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	6.97	29	1
Tendinopathy Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance.	3.06	5	0
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.	2.25	1	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	8.73	44	2
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	8.73	44	2
Atherogenesis [description not available]	11.31	41	4
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	11.31	41	4
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	3.51	2	0
Hypercalciuria Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.	5.54	16	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	6.97	17	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	12.45	155	2
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	12.45	155	2
Cardio-Renal Syndrome Condition where a primary dysfunction of either heart or kidney results in failure of the other organ (e.g., HEART FAILURE with worsening RENAL INSUFFICIENCY).	3.92	2	0
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Angiitis [description not available]	3.87	2	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	3.87	2	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	5.52	5	1
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	2.98	4	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	2.66	2	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	5.75	7	1
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	8.6	30	2
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	6.59	10	2
Cystine Diathesis [description not available]	4.45	5	1
Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available]	13.09	32	1
Emesis [description not available]	8.56	17	4
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	6.59	10	2
Cystinosis A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.	4.45	5	1
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	8.56	17	4
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	16.81	54	4
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	11.81	54	4
Blepharospasm Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle.	7.25	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	7.03	13	1
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	7.03	13	1
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	8.09	57	1
Koehler Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	5.18	11	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.31	1	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	5.71	4	1
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	6.33	5	1
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	10.89	15	13
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	12.16	12	3
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Ductal Carcinoma [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	10.15	35	2
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	7.73	8	3
Primary Graft Dysfunction A form of ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the early period following transplantation. Significant pathophysiological changes in MITOCHONDRIA are the main cause of the dysfunction. It is most often seen in the transplanted lung, liver, or kidney and can lead to GRAFT REJECTION.	4.9	2	1
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	4.86	2	1
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	14.98	13	9
Adolescent Obesity [description not available]	5.15	3	1
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	5.94	2	2
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	4.9	2	1
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	4.43	1	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	9.21	53	4
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	8.96	22	4
Amaurosis [description not available]	4.69	2	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	6.95	29	1
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	6.6	12	1
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	5.8	4	2
Anasarca [description not available]	6.61	20	1
Cutis Elastica [description not available]	4.43	1	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	7.08	7	3
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	7.23	13	2
Exanthem [description not available]	4.86	2	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	7.35	26	1
Bleeding [description not available]	7.3	23	2
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	7.82	6	4
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	5	3	1
Hypermobility, Joint [description not available]	4.99	3	1
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	8.81	48	2
Metastase [description not available]	10.63	63	5
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	10.65	28	2
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	6.05	11	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	8.47	47	2
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	7.36	27	1
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	12.62	14	2
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	8.45	7	5
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Eye Infections, Fungal Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.	4.43	1	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	6.68	6	2
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	4.71	2	1
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	4.9	2	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	9.21	53	4
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	16.47	29	3
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	8.96	22	4
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	4.69	2	1
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	5.8	4	2
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	5.4	5	1
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	5.84	5	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	6.61	20	1
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability.	4.43	1	1
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	7.08	7	3
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	7.23	13	2
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	4.86	2	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	7.35	26	1
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	7.3	23	2
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	7.82	6	4
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	5	3	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	8.81	48	2
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	8.5	62	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	10.63	63	5
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	7.76	12	2
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	10.9	15	13
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	15.65	28	2
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	4.43	1	1
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	13.47	47	2
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	7.36	27	1
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	5.49	6	1
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	7.62	14	2
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	8.45	7	5
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	5.71	4	1
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	4.43	1	1
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	10.89	15	13
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	7.16	12	3
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	4.43	1	1
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	4.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	4.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Ductal Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.	4.43	1	1
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	4.43	1	1
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	5.94	2	2
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.	4.43	1	1
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	3.58	9	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	3.58	9	0
Histoplasma capsulatum Infection [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Histoplasmosis Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.	3.17	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	5.22	20	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.67	3	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	5.22	20	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	3.73	10	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	3.73	10	0
Urinary Lithiasis [description not available]	11.52	17	1
Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.	6.52	17	1
Hypophosphatasia A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	12.19	16	1
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Habit Chorea [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Tics Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)	7.25	1	0
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.81	3	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)	3.34	7	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	11.51	79	7
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	3.37	7	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	8.27	83	4
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	8.93	2	1
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	6.81	24	1
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	8.07	15	1
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	13.07	15	1
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	13.94	127	4
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	4.73	6	1
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	4.73	6	1
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Idiopathic recurrent VERTIGO associated with POSITIONAL NYSTAGMUS. It is associated with a vestibular loss without other neurological or auditory signs. Unlike in LABYRINTHITIS and VESTIBULAR NEURONITIS, inflammation in the ear is not observed.	9.94	2	1
Tetraploid [description not available]	3.06	4	0
Cardiac Death [description not available]	6.14	12	1
Diathesis [description not available]	9.37	17	3
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	8.3	10	4
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	4.72	1	1
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	6.08	11	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	6.54	11	1
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.	4.67	2	1
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	5.22	4	1
Berger Disease [description not available]	5.41	2	1
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	5.72	7	1
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	8.08	23	2
Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.	4.7	2	1
Sinus Infections [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	4.99	2	1
Low Back Ache [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	11.26	46	5
Bucket Handle Tears [description not available]	4.71	2	1
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	6.08	11	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	6.54	11	1
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.	9.67	2	1
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	5.22	4	1
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	5.41	2	1
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	5.72	7	1
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	6.14	4	3
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	6.85	11	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	8.08	23	2
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	4.72	1	1
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	4.72	1	1
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	4.99	2	1
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	4.72	1	1
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	16.26	46	5
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	8.3	10	4
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	4.72	1	1
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	4.68	2	1
Nephrolithiasis Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.	7.24	12	2
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	4.83	13	0
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	4.83	13	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	4.76	31	0
Adipocere [description not available]	4.63	27	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	13.11	218	4
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	8.88	50	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	8.88	50	1
Nail Fungus [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Onychomycosis A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.	3.17	1	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	12.15	132	2
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	12.15	132	2
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	9.12	6	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	4.12	6	0
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	2.25	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	2.93	4	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	6.21	34	1
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	3.36	7	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	3.36	7	0
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	2.74	3	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	2.31	1	0
Jaw, Edentulous The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY.	2.41	1	0
Mouth, Edentulous Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction.	3.35	7	0
Cancer of Parathyroid [description not available]	12.15	164	4
Parathyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.	12.15	164	4
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	3.56	9	0
Tumour Lysis Syndrome [description not available]	6.98	12	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4 [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Tumor Lysis Syndrome A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.	6.98	12	1
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.	2.31	1	0
Ciguatera [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Ciguatera Poisoning Poisoning caused by ingestion of SEAFOOD containing microgram levels of CIGUATOXINS. The poisoning is characterized by gastrointestinal, neurological and cardiovascular disturbances.	2.25	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	5.55	17	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	7.89	65	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	5.55	17	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	6.6	20	1
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	13.07	7	3
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	8.07	7	3
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	4.28	4	1
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	4.28	4	1
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	4.25	7	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	4.25	7	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	11.27	20	9
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	11.27	20	9
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	7.08	20	1
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	8.62	31	2
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	10.69	82	2
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	10.69	82	2
Bow Leg [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Delayed Graft Function General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.78	3	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	6.63	53	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	6.63	53	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	3.41	7	0
Aging, Premature Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate.	2.97	4	0
Diverticula [description not available]	7.31	1	0
ADPKD [description not available]	9.34	4	1
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	4.34	4	1
Arthropathies [description not available]	6.3	27	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	6.3	27	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	10.11	63	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	5.62	18	0
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	10.62	18	0
Asialia [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	3.09	5	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	6.62	20	1
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	11.62	20	1
Calcium Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	15.97	127	1
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	15.2	174	7
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.31	1	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	5.08	10	0
Teeth, Impacted [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	7.21	38	1
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	7.21	38	1
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.	2.41	1	0
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.31	1	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	11.34	65	2
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	5.66	12	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	5.66	12	0
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	8.9	37	1
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	8.9	37	1
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	2.76	3	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	5.65	31	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	4.54	26	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	3.24	6	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	5.65	31	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	4.54	26	0
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	2.75	3	0
Foot Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.	2.39	2	0
Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)	2.15	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.49	2	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	8.15	34	1
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	2.44	2	0
Helminthiasis, Animal Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.	3.1	5	0
Cyst [description not available]	3.47	8	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	5.3	7	2
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	2.17	1	0
Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).	2.15	1	0
Hyperkyphosis [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	4.57	5	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	9.57	5	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	2.98	4	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	5.54	17	1
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	5.54	17	1
Addison's Disease [description not available]	9.37	8	0
Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.	4.37	8	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	14.57	102	4
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	14.57	102	4
Foot Ulcer Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.	2.17	1	0
Milk Fever, Animal [description not available]	9.34	64	2
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	6.99	30	0
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	7	23	0
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	7	23	0
Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)	8.72	32	2
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.96	4	0
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis [description not available]	3.45	2	0
Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy A chronic, acquired, idiopathic, progressive eruption of the skin that occurs in the context of RENAL FAILURE. It is sometimes accompanied by systemic fibrosis. The pathogenesis seems to be multifactorial, with postulated involvement of circulating fibrocytes. There is a strong association between this disorder and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents.	3.45	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	7.14	19	2
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	7.14	19	2
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	5.06	9	1
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	10.06	9	1
Bisphosphonate Osteonecrosis [description not available]	3.43	2	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	6.52	76	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	5.9	9	1
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	5.9	9	1
Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of Bone [description not available]	7.39	20	1
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).	12.39	20	1
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	3.89	4	0
Brittle Bone Disease [description not available]	9.3	31	2
Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.	14.3	31	2
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	5.86	17	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	3.45	8	0
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	3.45	8	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	13.05	39	1
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hand Deformities, Acquired Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.	2.69	3	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	8.05	39	1
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.	2.17	1	0
Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)	11.05	16	0
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	4.12	6	0
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	4.12	6	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	2.39	2	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	4.67	11	0
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	9.67	11	0
Fracture, Pathologic [description not available]	8.82	31	2
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	5.71	7	1
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	11.34	39	1
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available]	9.64	13	3
Bone Demineralization, Pathologic Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. Temporary loss of bone mineral content is especially associated with space flight, weightlessness, and extended immobilization. OSTEOPOROSIS is permanent, includes reduction of total bone mass, and is associated with increased rate of fractures. CALCIFICATION, PHYSIOLOGIC is the process of bone remineralizing. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed; Nicogossian, Space Physiology and Medicine, 2d ed, pp327-33)	4.86	13	0
Neurally Mediated Faint [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	5.78	22	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	5.78	22	0
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	8.29	25	2
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	3.46	8	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	8.29	25	2
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.74	3	0
Adult Periodontitis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Gingival Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus not accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment.	2.17	1	0
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	2.92	4	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	4.16	6	0
Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)	2.44	2	0
Biliary Calculi [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.	2.59	2	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	3.08	5	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	6.22	35	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	4.25	4	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	6.22	35	0
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	9.25	4	0
Asymptomatic Multiple Myeloma [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma An asymptomatic and slow-growing PLASMA CELL dyscrasia characterized by presence of MYELOMA PROTEINS and clonal bone marrow plasma cells without end-organ damage (e.g., renal impairment). It is distinguished from MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY OF UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE by a much higher risk of progression to symptomatic MULTIPLE MYELOMA.	2.17	1	0
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	6.06	29	1
Facial Spasm, Unilateral [description not available]	3.56	1	1
AIRE Deficiency [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	9.57	10	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	9.57	10	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.68	3	0
English Sweating Sickness [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	5.97	10	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	7.78	13	6
Dental Pulp Disease [description not available]	2.94	4	0
Dental Pulp Diseases Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.	2.94	4	0
Drowning Death that occurs as a result of anoxia or heart arrest, associated with immersion in liquid.	2.21	1	0
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	4.3	4	1
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	4.3	4	1
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	9.09	3	1
Brain Swelling [description not available]	3.35	7	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	3.35	7	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	3.83	2	1
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	3.83	2	1
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	14.05	43	1
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	9.05	43	1
Encephalitozoonosis Infection with FUNGI of the genus ENCEPHALITOZOON. Lesions commonly occur in the BRAIN and KIDNEY tubules. Other sites of infection in MAMMALS are the LIVER; ADRENAL GLANDS; OPTIC NERVES; RETINA; and MYOCARDIUM.	2.21	1	0
Spinal Curvatures Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).	2.21	1	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.21	1	0
Kashin-Beck Disease Disabling osteochondrodysplasia with OSTEOSCLEROSIS, cone-shaped METAPHYSIS, and shortening of the DIAPHYSIS. It is endemic in parts of Siberia and northern China. Mineral deficiencies (e.g., selenium, iodine), fungal cereal contamination, and water contamination may be contributing factors in its etiology.	2.57	2	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	6.53	18	1
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	6.53	18	1
Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.	2.21	1	0
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)	8.07	5	0
Acro-Osteolysis A condition with congenital and acquired forms causing recurrent ulcers in the fingers and toes. The congenital form exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance; the acquired form is found in workers who handle VINYL CHLORIDE. When acro-osteolysis is accompanied by generalized OSTEOPOROSIS and skull deformations, it is called HAJDU-CHENEY SYNDROME.	2.21	1	0
Limited Scleroderma [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Scleroderma, Limited The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck and areas distal to the elbows and/or knees, sparing the trunk. The CREST SYNDROME is a form of limited scleroderma.	2.21	1	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	6.1	17	0
Thalassemias [description not available]	4.09	16	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	6.1	17	0
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.	4.09	16	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	3.57	9	0
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.	2.53	2	0
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	3.22	6	0
Basedow Disease [description not available]	9.84	22	4
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).	14.84	22	4
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	2.99	1	0
Groenblad-Strandberg Syndrome [description not available]	6.54	13	0
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum An inherited disorder of connective tissue with extensive degeneration and calcification of ELASTIC TISSUE primarily in the skin, eye, and vasculature. At least two forms exist, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. This disorder is caused by mutations of one of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. Patients are predisposed to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.	11.54	13	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	9.69	11	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	4.69	11	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	3.66	10	0
Medial Calcific Sclerosis [description not available]	3	1	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	4.5	9	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	3.69	10	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	7.08	1	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.08	1	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	4.55	26	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	4.55	26	0
Periodontitis, Acute Nonsuppurative [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Periapical Periodontitis Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.	2.5	2	0
Enterocolitis Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.	7.44	2	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	3.03	5	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	3.03	5	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	7.36	27	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	13.89	107	3
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	7.36	27	1
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	5.37	10	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	5.37	10	0
Albright Syndrome [description not available]	4.54	9	0
Ectopic Ossification [description not available]	8.4	36	1
Genetic Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.	4.54	9	0
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	4.39	1	1
Pre-Hypertension [description not available]	4.39	1	1
Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS.	2.89	4	0
Polyploid [description not available]	3.53	8	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	4.07	15	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	2.49	2	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	6.32	27	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	6.32	27	0
Smear Layer Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.	3.81	11	0
Calciphylaxes [description not available]	6.82	24	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	6.26	8	1
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	4.24	19	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	11.26	8	1
Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.	3.01	1	0
Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.	4.04	15	0
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	2.87	4	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	4.28	4	1
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13).	2.37	2	0
Chordoma A malignant tumor arising from the embryonic remains of the notochord. It is also called chordocarcinoma, chordoepithelioma, and notochordoma. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.1	1	0
Tooth Fractures Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.	2.71	3	0
Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available]	10.41	58	5
Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.	15.41	58	5
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	2.65	3	0
Triploid [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	2.38	2	0
Salivary Gland Calculi Calculi occurring in a salivary gland. Most salivary gland calculi occur in the submandibular gland, but can also occur in the parotid gland and in the sublingual and minor salivary glands.	2.95	4	0
Parotid Duct Calculi [description not available]	3.58	9	0
Submandibular Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND.	2.1	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	7.34	26	1
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	7.34	26	1
Grippe [description not available]	3.81	12	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	3.81	12	0
Great Pox [description not available]	2.84	4	0
Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.	7.84	4	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	7.56	25	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	12.56	25	0
Erythremia [description not available]	6.09	127	0
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	6.09	127	0
Neoplastic Processes The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity.	1.93	1	0
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	5	16	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	7.08	18	2
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	7.08	18	2
ADDH [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	2.98	4	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	4.49	5	1
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	4.49	5	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	4.6	6	0
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	6.69	13	1
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	2.69	3	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	2.71	3	0
Hemostatic Disorders Pathological processes involving the integrity of blood circulation. Hemostasis depends on the integrity of BLOOD VESSELS, blood fluidity, and BLOOD COAGULATION. Majority of the hemostatic disorders are caused by disruption of the normal interaction between the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM, the plasma proteins (including BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS), and PLATELETS.	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Maxillary Sinus [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Hepatic Insufficiency Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	2.36	2	0
Attachment Loss, Periodontal [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	2.1	1	0
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	2.9	4	0
Indigestion [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	3.28	6	0
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	3.22	6	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	2.74	3	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	3.28	6	0
Hemoperitoneum Accumulations of blood in the PERITONEAL CAVITY due to internal HEMORRHAGE.	2.13	1	0
Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone [description not available]	3.69	3	0
Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.	5.29	13	0
Aortic Valve Disease 1 [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Congenital heart valve defects where the AORTIC VALVE has two instead of normal three cusps. It is often associated with AORTIC REGURGITATION and AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY.	2.1	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	5.21	20	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	10.21	20	0
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	2.1	1	0
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	2.1	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.87	4	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	11.01	66	5
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	11.01	66	5
Frigidity [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Sex Disorders [description not available]	3.36	2	0
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	3.36	2	0
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)	2.1	1	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	3.58	9	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	3.58	9	0
Teeth, Unerupted [description not available]	3.48	8	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	6.79	13	2
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	7.03	31	0
Heavy Metal Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.	2.91	4	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	2.11	1	0
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	6.16	12	1
Abnormalities, Teeth [description not available]	5.45	11	0
Calculus, Dental [description not available]	7	30	3
Acrocephaly Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.	3.23	6	0
Craniosynostoses Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.	3.23	6	0
Calculosis [description not available]	3.97	5	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	5.75	13	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	5.75	13	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	6.21	13	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	6.21	13	0
Lordosis The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL).	2.11	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	4.02	5	0
Dentin Hypersensitivity [description not available]	4.52	9	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	2.64	3	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	3.4	2	0
Marasmus [description not available]	9.28	29	3
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	9.28	29	3
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	7.4	2	0
Amphetamine Abuse [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	3.03	1	0
Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.	3.03	1	0
Delayed Puberty [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva [description not available]	5.04	10	0
Myositis Ossificans A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.	10.04	10	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	7.32	14	2
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	3.07	5	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	4.96	9	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	8.55	13	0
Parasitic Skin Diseases [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	8.55	13	0
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	3.56	3	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	7.71	3	0
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	2.71	3	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	2.44	2	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	2.7	3	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head [description not available]	4.06	3	1
Severe Acute Malnutrition Acute form of MALNUTRITION which usually affects children, characterized by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median World Health Organization standards), visible severe wasting, or occurrence of nutritional EDEMA. It can be a direct or indirect cause of fatality in children suffering from DIARRHEA and PNEUMONIA. Do not confuse with starvation, a condition in which the body is not getting enough food, usually for extended periods of time.	7.53	2	0
Lipodystrophy A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.	3.77	2	1
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	4.46	5	0
Adenitis [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	4.13	6	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	3.59	3	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	3.6	3	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.46	5	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	3.04	1	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	3.59	3	0
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	3.6	3	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	5.7	20	1
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	5.7	20	1
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	4.31	7	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	4.31	7	0
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	3.45	8	0
Dystocia Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH.	2.39	2	0
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available]	5.52	9	0
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)	5.52	9	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	7.46	2	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	2.46	2	0
Hypernatremia Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	6.81	8	1
Arm Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the UPPER ARM and the FOREARM.	2.66	3	0
Animal Remains [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Decalcification, Pathologic The loss of calcium salts from bones and teeth. Bacteria may be responsible for this occurrence in teeth. Old age may be a factor contributing to calcium loss, as is the presence of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.	4.66	11	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	6.61	53	0
Craniopharyngioma, Adamantinous [description not available]	4.25	4	1
Craniopharyngioma A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50)	4.25	4	1
Brain Thrombosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	2.13	1	0
Osteosclerosis An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.	5.61	30	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	10.28	14	11
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	10.28	14	11
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.88	4	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	4.67	11	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	4.67	11	0
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.13	1	0
Mouth Ulcer [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Genu Valga [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	5.98	10	1
Maxillary Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.	3.07	5	0
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.	3.23	6	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	5.98	10	1
Giant Cell Tumors Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.	3.66	10	0
Oral Ulcer A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)	2.15	1	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	4.81	13	0
Impotence [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	3.23	6	0
Adenomatous Polyps Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.13	1	0
Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	2.41	2	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	7.85	25	1
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	5.95	3	1
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	5.95	3	1
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	2.15	1	0
Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available]	2.15	1	0
DDPAC [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Amentia [description not available]	4.97	9	0
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	9.97	9	0
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	2.7	3	0
Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)	2.15	1	0
Frontotemporal Dementia The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.	2.15	1	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	5.6	30	0
Infection [description not available]	11.99	49	1
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	11.99	49	1
Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.	5.05	10	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	8.68	106	1
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	8.68	106	1
Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available]	7.28	25	1
Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.	7.28	25	1
Feuerstein-Mims Syndrome [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	5.22	4	1
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	5.22	4	1
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica A fibrous degeneration, cyst formation, and the presence of fibrous nodules in bone, usually due to HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.	8.19	53	0
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.	4.01	5	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	5.68	20	1
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	5.68	20	1
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	3.43	1	1
Fatigue, Mental [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	4.24	19	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	4.29	20	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	4.24	19	0
Chromosomal Breakage [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Icterus [description not available]	3.65	10	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	3.65	10	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	2.87	4	0
Otospongiosis [description not available]	3.89	13	0
Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.	3.89	13	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	3.88	13	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	3.88	13	0
Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.	8.46	8	0
Dentin, Secondary Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.	4.58	10	0
Parathyroid Disorders [description not available]	7.54	53	0
Parathyroid Diseases Pathological processes of the PARATHYROID GLANDS. They usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.	7.54	53	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	3.55	9	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	3.55	9	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	1.92	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	4.54	26	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	4.54	26	0
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	5.78	36	0
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.	5.78	36	0
Adenohypophyseal Diseases [description not available]	5.15	19	0
Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.	5.15	19	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.64	3	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.64	3	0
Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	1.92	1	0
Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.	1.92	1	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	3.89	13	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	7.18	12	1
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand.	2.68	3	0
Injuries, Leg [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	3.32	7	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	3.32	7	0
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.	2.33	2	0
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.	2.46	2	0
Endometrial Hyperplasia Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.	2.46	2	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available]	5.53	6	1
Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.	5.53	6	1
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	3.07	5	0
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	4.49	5	1
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	6.5	26	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	6.5	26	0
Mushroom Poisoning Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties.	3.05	5	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	6.91	10	1
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	6.91	10	1
Anosmic Hypogonadism [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Kallmann Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait.	2.05	1	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	4.34	4	1
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	4.34	4	1
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	2.05	1	0
Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.	2.42	2	0
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy.	2	1	0
Adenomatosis, Familial Endocrine [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Asystole [description not available]	5.06	10	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	5.06	10	0
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	4.93	14	0
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	9.93	14	0
Rib Fractures Fractures of any of the RIBS.	2.9	4	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	2.05	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	12.93	53	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	6.25	36	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	7.93	53	0
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	2.05	1	0
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.	4.35	21	0
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.05	1	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.23	6	0
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning A condition caused by ingestion of shellfish contaminated by domoic acid-producing diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia.	2.05	1	0
Parotid Diseases Diseases involving the PAROTID GLAND.	2.05	1	0
Back Ache [description not available]	6.33	11	4
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.	6.33	11	4
Hemoglobinuria The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.	4.68	11	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	4.57	10	0
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	4.57	10	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	2.05	1	0
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	5.64	19	1
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	2.46	2	0
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	7.56	33	1
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	4.36	8	0
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	2.46	2	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	2.88	4	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Fibromatosis [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	3.06	5	0
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	4.97	15	0
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	4.97	15	0
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Gliosarcoma Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)	2.05	1	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.87	4	0
MODS [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	2.87	4	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.71	3	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	5.65	19	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	10.65	19	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	3.33	7	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	3.33	7	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.36	2	0
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	3.33	7	0
Paratyphoid Fever A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe.	3.18	6	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	5.57	18	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	5.57	18	0
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	4.65	11	0
Addison Disease, X-Linked [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Hypoadrenocorticism, Familial Hereditary forms of Addison disease that may exhibit autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance. They are characterized by severe neurological symptoms, APNEA; and death in infancy. OMIM: 240200	2.33	2	0
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	4.65	11	0
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	4.13	17	0
Verruca [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	4.13	17	0
Warts Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.	7.34	2	0
Glycosuria, Renal An autosomal inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of GLUCOSE by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. The urinary loss of glucose can reach beyond 50 g/day. It is attributed to the mutations in the SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 encoded by the SLC5A2 gene.	4.71	7	0
Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Carcinoma, Brown-Pearce A transplantable EPITHELIAL CELL neoplasm of rabbits.	3.03	5	0
Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS.	3.03	5	0
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available]	5.91	18	0
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.	10.91	18	0
Hypoascorbemia [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Scurvy An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.	2.33	2	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	4.28	20	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	4.28	20	0
Infantile Diarrhea [description not available]	7.34	2	0
Diarrhea, Infantile DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.	2.34	2	0
Communicable Diseases, Emerging Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.	2.05	1	0
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	2.65	3	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	5.16	19	0
Colonic Diverticulitis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Colonic Diverticulosis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	4.16	17	0
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	4.27	7	0
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available]	3.62	3	0
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)	3.62	3	0
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.	4.37	8	0
Turner Syndrome A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.	4.37	8	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	5.13	11	1
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	3.76	2	1
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	5.13	11	1
Periapical Diseases Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT.	2.05	1	0
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.	5.07	10	1
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	3.85	2	1
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	7.82	9	2
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	7.82	9	2
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	2.38	2	0
Amylo-1,6-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.	3.35	2	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Cardiomyopathy, Chagas [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	3.09	5	0
Chagas Cardiomyopathy A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.	2.05	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	3.47	8	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	5.47	16	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	5.47	16	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	4.05	3	1
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	4.05	3	1
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	8.19	6	0
Chest Injuries [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Burns, Inhalation Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals.	2.05	1	0
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	3.2	6	0
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	3.2	6	0
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	3.98	5	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	3.98	5	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	4.5	5	1
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)	2.43	2	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	4.28	7	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	4.28	7	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	5.04	10	1
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.	6.7	4	2
MEA 2a [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	9.13	6	0
Dysarthosis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	2.36	2	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	2.88	4	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	2.88	4	0
Glycogenosis [description not available]	3.35	7	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	4.44	5	1
Glycogen Storage Disease A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.	3.35	7	0
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	7.54	18	2
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	7.54	18	2
Achlorhydria A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.	4.44	5	1
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Hashimoto Disease Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM.	2.68	3	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	9.65	42	0
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	9.65	42	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.06	1	0
Malignant Catarrh A herpesvirus infection of cattle characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory and alimentary epithelia, keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis and lymph node enlargement. Syn: bovine epitheliosis, snotsiekte.	2.07	1	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	2.69	3	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	2.67	3	0
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)	2.68	3	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	3.07	5	0
Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	6.81	15	1
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	3.82	4	0
Osteoma A benign tumor composed of bone tissue or a hard tumor of bonelike structure developing on a bone (homoplastic osteoma) or on other structures (heteroplastic osteoma). (From Dorland, 27th ed)	3.78	4	0
Scalp Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the SCALP.	2.98	1	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	3.49	8	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	10.7	20	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	5.7	20	0
Adenofibroma A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.06	1	0
Bone Cysts Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years.	3.96	5	0
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Familial Mediterranean Fever A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.	2.07	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	7.91	34	1
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	12.91	34	1
AIDS Nephropathy [description not available]	2.99	1	0
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.	2.99	1	0
Injuries, Soft Tissue [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	7.38	17	1
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	7.38	17	1
Amelogenesis Imperfecta A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.	3.06	5	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I [description not available]	10.32	48	3
Acidosis, Renal Tubular A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.	10.32	48	3
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	3.29	2	0
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	2.07	1	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.41	2	0
Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.	2.39	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)	2.08	1	0
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)	2.08	1	0
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	3.56	9	0
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	3.56	9	0
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	2.38	2	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	7.67	3	0
Botulism, Infantile [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Botulism A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)	2.07	1	0
Asbestosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.	2.38	2	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	3.84	2	1
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	2.08	1	0
Babesia Infection [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Injuries, Multiple [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	4.15	6	0
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	4.15	6	0
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available]	6.41	23	2
Abnormality, Torsion [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Aberrant Tissue [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.01	1	0
Drooling [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Dominant Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy, Type III [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Dysautonomia, Familial An autosomal disorder of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems limited to individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. Clinical manifestations are present at birth and include diminished lacrimation, defective thermoregulation, orthostatic hypotension (HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC), fixed pupils, excessive SWEATING, loss of pain and temperature sensation, and absent reflexes. Pathologic features include reduced numbers of small diameter peripheral nerve fibers and autonomic ganglion neurons. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1348; Nat Genet 1993;4(2):160-4)	2.01	1	0
Sialorrhea Increased salivary flow.	2.36	2	0
Fibroid [description not available]	4.45	5	1
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	6.67	13	1
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	4.45	5	1
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	6.67	13	1
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	4.03	15	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	5.59	18	0
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	2.01	1	0
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	10.59	18	0
Incipient Schizophrenia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Schizotypal Personality Disorder A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia.	7.01	1	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	3.98	5	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	3.98	5	0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	4.61	4	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	4.61	4	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.77	4	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	3.77	4	0
Cherubism A fibro-osseous hereditary disease of the jaws. The swollen jaws and raised eyes give a cherubic appearance; multiple radiolucencies are evident upon radiographic examination.	3.29	2	0
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.72	3	0
Corridor Disease [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Nodular Goiter [description not available]	4.61	6	1
Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.	4.61	6	1
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	3.31	2	0
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	3.31	2	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	9.68	30	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	4.68	30	0
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	4.63	6	1
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	4.63	6	1
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	7.64	3	0
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available]	6.44	9	2
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	4.29	4	1
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Bladder Exstrophy A birth defect in which the URINARY BLADDER is malformed and exposed, inside out, and protruded through the ABDOMINAL WALL. It is caused by closure defects involving the top front surface of the bladder, as well as the lower abdominal wall; SKIN; MUSCLES; and the pubic bone.	3.4	1	1
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	3.76	2	1
Black Fever [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	2.01	1	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	4.89	14	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	6	20	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	6	20	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	5.6	13	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	4.81	34	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	3.44	8	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	3.2	6	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	8.2	6	0
Meningitis, Tuberculous [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Tuberculosis, Meningeal A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)	2.62	3	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	5.13	48	0
Bleeding Between Periods [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Metrorrhagia Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.	2.62	3	0
Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.	2.86	4	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	2.85	4	0
Mumps An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	7.33	2	0
Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available]	4.39	22	0
Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.	3.45	8	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	5.35	14	1
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	5.35	14	1
Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Cardiac Neurosis [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Palsy [description not available]	7.63	36	1
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	7.63	36	1
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	5.72	34	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	5.72	34	0
(pPNET) Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral A group of highly cellular primitive round cell neoplasms which occur extracranially in soft tissue and bone and are derived from embryonal neural crest cells. These tumors occur primarily in children and adolescents and share a number of characteristics with EWING SARCOMA.	1.93	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	3.55	9	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	3.55	9	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	7.64	3	0
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.	2.33	2	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	2.85	4	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	2.85	4	0
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.	1.93	1	0
Glomerular Necrosis [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Adrenal Cortex Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	2.33	2	0
Adrenogenital Syndrome Abnormal SEX DIFFERENTIATION or congenital DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT caused by abnormal levels of steroid hormones expressed by the GONADS or the ADRENAL GLANDS, such as in CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA and ADRENAL CORTEX NEOPLASMS. Due to abnormal steroid biosynthesis, clinical features include VIRILISM in females; FEMINIZATION in males; or precocious sexual development in children.	6.93	1	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	4.7	31	0
Iron Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)	1.93	1	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	2.63	3	0
Fractures, Ununited A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.62	3	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	3.32	7	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	3.32	7	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.05	5	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	3.18	6	0
Rubeola [description not available]	3.54	3	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	6.93	1	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	8.18	6	0
Measles A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.	8.54	3	0
Periarthritis Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.87	4	0
Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.	2.34	2	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	3.54	3	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	3.54	3	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	6.93	1	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	1.93	1	0
Cerebromeningitis [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Deficiency, Factor 5 [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	4.38	22	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	11.33	8	2
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	2.33	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin K [description not available]	5.76	8	1
Vitamin K Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)	10.76	8	1
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	3.44	8	0
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.	3.32	7	0
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	10.93	26	0
Porphyria [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	2.63	3	0
Osteoid Osteoma [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	4.24	19	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	4.24	19	0
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	4.25	4	1
Uterine Prolapse Downward displacement of the UTERUS. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the UTERINE CERVIX is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice.	2.64	3	0
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	1.93	1	0
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	4.25	4	1
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	2.63	3	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	3.19	6	0
Newcastle Disease An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.	2.62	3	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	3.74	11	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	4.51	25	0
Deficiency, Riboflavin [description not available]	4.11	6	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available]	4.56	10	0
Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.	9.56	10	0
Infarct [description not available]	3.55	9	0
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	7.36	2	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	3.47	8	0
Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.	3.05	5	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	7	36	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	12	36	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	5.11	18	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	4.35	8	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	5.11	18	0
Suffocation [description not available]	3.19	6	0
Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.	3.19	6	0
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available]	9.3	218	0
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.	9.3	218	0
Child Malnutrition Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	3.04	5	0
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).	2.63	3	0
Thrombocythemia, Essential A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.	2.62	3	0
Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Peptic Ulcer Perforation Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.	1.93	1	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	3.04	5	0
Mole, Skin [description not available]	3.03	5	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	3.55	9	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	3.55	9	0
Eyelid Neoplasms Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.	1.93	1	0
Orbital Neoplasms Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	2.33	2	0
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Bone Inflammation [description not available]	5.5	6	1
Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	5.2	12	1
Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	3.2	6	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Neoplasms, Plasma Cell Neoplasms associated with a proliferation of a single clone of PLASMA CELLS and characterized by the secretion of PARAPROTEINS.	2.33	2	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	2.33	2	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	4.02	3	1
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	4.02	3	1
Brill Disease [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne The classic form of typhus, caused by RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII, which is transmitted from man to man by the louse Pediculus humanus corporis. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of intense headache, malaise, and generalized myalgia followed by the formation of a macular skin eruption and vascular and neurologic disturbances.	1.93	1	0
Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.	2.34	2	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	3.77	4	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.85	4	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	3.77	4	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	2.85	4	0
Hypervitaminosis A A symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of VITAMIN A.	7.86	4	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	2.86	4	0
Ureteral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETERS.	3.19	6	0
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	2.84	4	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	5.36	10	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	5.36	10	0
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	1.93	1	0
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available]	5.74	8	1
Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.	9.93	9	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	2.64	3	0
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available]	3.26	2	0
Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.	3.26	2	0
Epulides [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Aggressive Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction in the presence of little local factors such as DENTAL PLAQUE and DENTAL CALCULUS. This highly destructive form of periodontitis often occurs in young people and was called early-onset periodontitis, but this disease also appears in old people.	1.93	1	0
Gingival Diseases Diseases involving the GINGIVA.	2.86	4	0
Shock, Traumatic Shock produced as a result of trauma.	3.04	5	0
Thrombocythemia [description not available]	2.86	4	0
HbS Disease [description not available]	3.45	8	0
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	3.45	8	0
Insulin Coma Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound state of unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused.	7.34	2	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	2.34	2	0
Eunuchism The state of being a eunuch, a male without TESTES or whose testes failed to develop. It is characterized by the lack of mature male GERM CELLS and TESTICULAR HORMONES.	7.34	2	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	6.32	28	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	6.32	28	0
Neuroma A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.93	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	3.19	6	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	3.19	6	0
Enteric Fever [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	2.63	3	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	4.65	11	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	2.63	3	0
Cramp [description not available]	10.04	10	0
Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)	5.04	10	0
Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Lathyrism A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.	8.26	2	0
Cor Pulmonale [description not available]	7.35	2	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	1.93	1	0
Anguilluliasis [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Strongyloidiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.	2.63	3	0
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	7.36	2	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	6.93	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	3.04	5	0
Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	3.64	10	0
Dermatitis, Poison Ivy [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	3.06	5	0
Pregnancy, Prolonged A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more.	2.87	4	0
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction [description not available]	5.03	6	0
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.	5.03	6	0
Hydrophobia [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Cancer of Pharynx [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.	2.34	2	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	4.83	35	0
Sprains [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Sprains and Strains A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.	2.34	2	0
B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Herpes Simplex Keratitis [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Keratitis, Herpetic A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)	2.34	2	0
Cancer of Nose [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Auricular Cancer [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Ear Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR).	1.93	1	0
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	2.35	2	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	1.93	1	0
Bird Pox [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Myositis, Multiple [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	8.21	6	0
Polymyositis Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)	7.64	3	0
Exostoses Benign hypertrophy that projects outward from the surface of bone, often containing a cartilaginous component.	7.63	3	0
Bessel-Hagen Disease [description not available]	4.24	7	0
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy without Multiple Hormone Resistance [description not available]	4.88	14	0
Fractures, Comminuted A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed into a number of pieces.	2.34	2	0
Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.	2.63	3	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	1.93	1	0
Carditis [description not available]	7.64	3	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	7.64	3	0
Crush Syndrome Severe systemic manifestation of trauma and ischemia involving soft tissues, principally skeletal muscle, due to prolonged severe crushing. It leads to increased permeability of the cell membrane and to the release of potassium, enzymes, and myoglobin from within cells. Ischemic renal dysfunction secondary to hypotension and diminished renal perfusion results in acute tubular necrosis and uremia.	7.35	2	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	1.93	1	0
Perforated Appendicitis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Appendicitis Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.	1.93	1	0
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	2.63	3	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.	6.93	1	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.	6.93	1	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	1.93	1	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	4.83	8	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	4.83	8	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	2.37	2	0
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available]	3.65	10	0
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.	3.65	10	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	4.37	8	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	4.37	8	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell A benign compound nevus occurring most often in children before puberty, composed of spindle and epithelioid cells located mainly in the dermis, sometimes in association with large atypical cells and multinucleate cells, and having a close histopathological resemblance to malignant melanoma. The tumor presents as a smooth to slightly scaly, round to oval, raised, firm papule or nodule, ranging in color from pink-tan to purplish red, often with surface telangiectasia. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.93	1	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	3.36	7	0
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.	2.85	4	0
Carbuncle An infection of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue that consists of a cluster of boils. Commonly, the causative agent is STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Carbuncles produce fever, leukocytosis, extreme pain, and prostration.	1.93	1	0
Boils [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	3.04	5	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	3.04	5	0
Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.	3.19	6	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	4.59	6	0
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	4.46	24	0
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	4.84	8	1
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	9.84	8	1
Postgastrectomy Syndromes Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.	3.32	7	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	4.65	11	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	9.65	11	0
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	3.19	6	0
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	3.55	3	0
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	3.55	3	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	2.85	4	0
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	2.63	3	0
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.	1.93	1	0
Parasite Infections [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Pediculosis [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Lice Infestations Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)	2.34	2	0
Albers-Schoenberg Disease [description not available]	5.36	23	0
Osteopetrosis Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).	5.36	23	0
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	3.97	14	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	3.75	11	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.82	12	0
48,XXYY Syndrome [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Klinefelter Syndrome A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).	1.93	1	0
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.	3.34	7	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	7.59	13	1
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	6.93	1	0
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	7.36	2	0
Pseudarthrosis A pathologic entity characterized by deossification of a weight-bearing long bone, followed by bending and pathologic fracture, with inability to form normal BONY CALLUS leading to existence of the false joint that gives the condition its name. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.35	2	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	3.33	7	0
ALDOB Deficiency [description not available]	4.59	6	1
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Parotiditis [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	2.35	2	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	6.89	27	1
Bilharziasis [description not available]	2.85	4	0
Schistosoma japonicum Infection [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	2.85	4	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	2.34	2	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	3.19	6	0
Lichen Ruber Planus [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Scrofuloderma [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Candidiasis, Cutaneous Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or chronic paronychia. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.35	2	0
Duhring Disease [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Dermatitis Herpetiformis Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.	1.93	1	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	3.19	6	0
Lichen Planus An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.	2.35	2	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	1.93	1	0
Pyoderma Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).	1.93	1	0
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	1.93	1	0
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency [description not available]	4.83	8	1
Dwarfism, Pituitary A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.	4.83	8	1
Pleuropneumonia Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with PLEURISY, inflammation of the PLEURA.	6.93	1	0
Incompetence, Pulmonary Valve [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	4.8	13	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Hypogalactia A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.	3.33	7	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.34	2	0
Cervicitis [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Cervix Erosion [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Uterine Cervicitis Inflammation of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.34	2	0
Cancer of Spleen [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)	2.35	2	0
Lichen Simplex Chronicus [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Neurodermatitis An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.	6.93	1	0
Bunostomiasis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Hookworm Infections Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.	1.93	1	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	4.25	7	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	4.25	7	0
Facial Palsy [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	3.04	5	0
Carcinoma, Krebs 2 A transplantable neoplasm of mice.	1.94	1	0
Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness.	3.05	5	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	2.62	3	0
Fasciola Infection [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Fascioliasis Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.	2.34	2	0
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	4.26	7	0
Eye Burns Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.	4.37	8	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	4.12	6	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	4.12	6	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	4.95	9	1
Injuries, Spinal [description not available]	5.15	6	2
Bladder Calculi [description not available]	6.55	19	3
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.	2.64	3	0
Cardiac Conduction Defect [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Brugada ECG Pattern [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	2.66	3	0
Brugada Syndrome An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.	1.94	1	0
Avian Leukosis A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.	2.34	2	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	3.55	3	0
Aminoaciduria, Renal [description not available]	6.04	21	0
Granulomas [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	2.34	2	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	7.35	2	0
Complications, Labor [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Schwartzman Phenomenon [description not available]	3.2	6	0
Maggot Infestations [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available]	5.03	10	1
Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.	10.03	10	1
Hand Deformities Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand.	2.36	2	0
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.	2.86	4	0
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.35	2	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	2.65	3	0
Eye Manifestations Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.	3.77	4	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	3.07	5	0
Arterial Inflammation [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Granulomatosis, Wegener's [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.	2.87	4	0
Adiadochokinesis [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)	2.64	3	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	3.55	9	0
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.	2.36	2	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.55	9	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.	2.34	2	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	2.64	3	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	2.34	2	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	2.34	2	0
Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error [description not available]	4.57	10	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	6.94	1	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	3.03	5	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	2.87	4	0
Cretinism [description not available]	5.35	5	1
Congenital Hypothyroidism A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.	10.35	5	1
Bronze Diabetes [description not available]	4.47	9	0
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)	9.47	9	0
Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	6.39	16	1
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	5.28	13	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	11.39	16	1
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	5.28	13	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	7.65	3	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	2.64	3	0
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	10.85	13	0
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.	2.63	3	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	3.34	7	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	2.35	2	0
Spherocytosis, Hereditary A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.	2.35	2	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Erythroblastosis Fetalis [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Steatorrhea A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Penis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Penile Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.	2.35	2	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	4.59	6	1
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	4.59	6	1
Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.	1.94	1	0
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).	3.55	3	0
Ascaridiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea.	1.94	1	0
Hypovolemic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).	1.94	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	3.05	5	0
Narcosis A state of depressed CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM marked by stupor or insensibility.	6.93	1	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	3.26	2	0
Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.	2.35	2	0
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	2.35	2	0
Leukokeratosis Leukoplakic lesions related to abnormal keratin fiber formation.	1.94	1	0
Keratosis, Oral [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Microglossia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Leukoplakia A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES.	1.94	1	0
Leukoplakia, Oral A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	1.94	1	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Sparganosis Infection of animals, including fish and man, with a developmental stage of Diphyllobothrium. This stage has recently been referred to as a plerocercoid but the name sparganum has persisted. Therefore, infection of fish or other animals with the plerocercoid larvae is sparganosis. Fish-eating mammals, including man, are the final hosts.	1.94	1	0
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	2.86	4	0
Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.	1.94	1	0
Oliguria Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.	6.93	1	0
Latent Stage Syphilis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Transfusion Reaction Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.	2.63	3	0
Corns [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Callosities Localized hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epidermis due to pressure or friction. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.93	1	0
Hemangioma, Capillary A dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangioma, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, which grows rapidly and generally undergoes regression and involution without scarring. It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active stroma, and is usually present at birth or occurs within the first two or three months of life. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.93	1	0
Choroid Neoplasms Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).	2.86	4	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	4.41	22	0
Cancer of the Vulva [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Paget Disease, Extramammary A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)	1.93	1	0
Vulvar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.	1.93	1	0
Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.	2.87	4	0
Kaposi Disease [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Xeroderma Pigmentosum A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.	6.93	1	0
Varices [description not available]	3.8	2	1
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.	4.09	3	1
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	3.8	2	1
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Familial Turner Syndrome [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Noonan Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1.	2.01	1	0
Halitosis An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.	1.92	1	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	4.67	11	0
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	4.67	11	0
Anemia, Megaloblastic A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.	2.33	2	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	3.32	7	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	3.45	8	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Pulmonary Stenoses [description not available]	3.03	5	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	2.35	2	0
Psychophysiologic Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)	2.63	3	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	2.62	3	0
Sickle Cell Trait The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S.	7.34	2	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Vaccinia The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.	8.26	2	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	6.93	1	0
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	2.33	2	0
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	3.4	1	1
Cafe-au-Lait Spots Light brown pigmented macules associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS and Albright's syndrome (see FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).	2.02	1	0
Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE involving only one bone.	2.02	1	0
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.	2.02	1	0
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available]	3.58	3	0
Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available]	4.39	3	0
Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)	4.39	3	0
Hyperamylasemia A condition with abnormally elevated level of AMYLASES in the serum. Hyperamylasemia due to PANCREATITIS or other causes may be differentiated by identifying the amylase isoenzymes.	2.02	1	0
Dental Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Abnormal Movements [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	2.34	2	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	4.25	7	0
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	4.25	7	0
Adenitis, Salivary Gland [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Leukoma [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	3.22	6	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	6.13	7	1
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	6.13	7	1
Familial Hyperpotassemia and Hypertension [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Pseudohypoaldosteronism A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by renal electrolyte transport dysfunctions. Congenital forms are rare autosomal disorders characterized by neonatal hypertension, HYPERKALEMIA, increased RENIN activity and ALDOSTERONE concentration. The Type I features HYPERKALEMIA with sodium wasting; Type II, HYPERKALEMIA without sodium wasting. Pseudohypoaldosteronism can be the result of a defective renal electrolyte transport protein or acquired after KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.93	1	0
Digestive System Disorders [description not available]	4.97	3	1
Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	4.97	3	1
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	3.8	2	1
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	2.88	4	0
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.02	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	5.17	19	0
Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.	2.02	1	0
Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	2.02	1	0
Jejunal Diseases Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.	2.02	1	0
Cecal Diseases Pathological developments in the CECUM.	2.02	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	5.17	19	0
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	2.37	2	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Aldosteronism with Hyperplasia of the Adrenal Cortex [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Luft Disease [description not available]	7.74	9	3
Mitochondrial Myopathies A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.	12.74	9	3
Brachial Paresis [description not available]	3.45	8	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	4.72	7	1
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	4.72	7	1
Panic Attacks [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.	2.03	1	0
Exposure, Dental Pulp [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Dental Pulp Exposure The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.	2.94	1	0
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	3.41	1	1
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Rett Syndrome An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)	2.03	1	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	4.27	7	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.42	2	0
Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available]	4.09	3	0
Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.	4.09	3	0
Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital Congenital structural abnormalities of the LOWER EXTREMITY.	2.03	1	0
Alexia [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Hypocapnia Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	7.03	1	0
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.	2.03	1	0
Mitral Stenosis [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.	2.88	4	0
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	2.88	4	0
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).	2.37	2	0
Pus [description not available]	3.79	2	1
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Cerebro-Oculo-Renal Syndrome [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Marfan Syndrome, Type I [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Marfan Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.	2.03	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	4.1	16	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	3.47	8	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	3.47	8	0
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.	2.04	1	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	2.03	1	0
Hansen Disease [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	2.03	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	4.72	2	1
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	4.72	2	1
Allotriophagy An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.	4.29	4	1
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	7.35	2	0
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	2.35	2	0
Purpura, Thrombopenic [description not available]	2.34	2	0
IgA Vasculitis A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.	1.92	1	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.	2.34	2	0
Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.	4.07	3	1
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.	2.96	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.	3.43	1	1
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Hypomenorrhea [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	2.68	3	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	2.65	3	0
Bone Diseases, Endocrine Diseases of the bones related to hyperfunction or hypofunction of the endocrine glands.	2.04	1	0
Erythema Migrans, Lingual [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.67	3	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.	2.63	3	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	9.43	5	1
Infections, Pasteurella [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Cystinuria An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.	3.2	6	0
Fallot's Tetralogy [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Tetralogy of Fallot A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.	1.94	1	0
Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.	2.35	2	0
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.	1.94	1	0
Angle's Classification [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Malocclusion Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)	3.05	5	0
Dumping Syndrome Gastrointestinal symptoms resulting from an absent or nonfunctioning pylorus.	2.35	2	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	2.64	3	0
Tick Infestations Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.	2.34	2	0
Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.	3.27	2	0
Cleidocranial Digital Dysostosis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available]	6.34	9	1
Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.	6.34	9	1
Avian Sarcoma [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Diabetic Coma A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.	2.86	4	0
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.	3.33	7	0
Deficiency, Muscle Phosphorylase [description not available]	5.15	11	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type V Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise.	5.15	11	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	7.03	17	0
Polyuria Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).	3.21	6	0
Algodystrophic Syndrome [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)	2.88	4	0
Nearsightedness [description not available]	4.12	6	0
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	4.12	6	0
Anomalous Dysplasia of Dentin [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	4.58	10	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	3.06	5	0
Malacoplakia The formation of soft patches on the mucous membrane of a hollow organ, such as the urogenital tract or digestive tract.	2.87	4	0
Interstitial Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	3.36	7	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.33	7	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	3.36	7	0
Corneal Dystrophies [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Embolus [description not available]	4.03	3	0
Infective Endocarditis [description not available]	2.88	1	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	4.03	3	0
Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.	2.88	1	0
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	3.56	3	0
Birth Injuries Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.	2.35	2	0
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	5.86	24	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	5.86	24	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	5.23	12	1
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	5.23	12	1
Absence Status [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	7.37	2	0
Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available]	3.79	4	0
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation.	3.79	4	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	3.45	8	0
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	4.25	4	1
Scrotal Hydrocele [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	3.78	4	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	3.78	4	0
Molar, Fourth [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Cancer of Jaw [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	2.66	3	0
Hives [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	2.65	3	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.	3.98	14	0
Meniscitis [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	5.41	8	2
Prostatic Diseases Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.	1.96	1	0
Enteropathy, Exudative [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.	2.64	3	0
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	10.36	5	1
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	3.8	4	0
Alactasia [description not available]	4.72	7	0
Lactose Intolerance The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.	4.72	7	0
Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	2.38	2	0
Ostertagiasis A disease of herbivorous mammals, particularly cattle and sheep, caused by stomach worms of the genus OSTERTAGIA.	3.35	7	0
Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Meningitis, Meningococcal A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)	1.96	1	0
Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.	2.64	3	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	1.95	1	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	2.87	4	0
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Cot Death [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	3.35	7	0
Xeroderma [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.	2.64	3	0
Flatus [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Flatulence Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.	2.87	1	0
Labor, Premature [description not available]	6.07	11	1
Bone Diseases, Developmental Diseases resulting in abnormal GROWTH or abnormal MORPHOGENESIS of BONES.	6.09	17	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	2.66	3	0
Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.	4.12	6	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	1.96	1	0
Anal Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.	2.37	2	0
Coarctation of Aorta [description not available]	3.78	4	0
Aortic Coarctation A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.	3.78	4	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	2.35	2	0
Growth Plate Fractures [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	2.35	2	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	1.96	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	1.96	1	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Swine Erysipelas An acute and chronic contagious disease of young pigs caused by Erysipelothrix insidiosa.	1.96	1	0
Corynebacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.	2.35	2	0
Jaundice, Spirochetal [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Siderosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.	2.87	4	0
Hyphema Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye.	1.96	1	0
Leg Dermatoses A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	1.96	1	0
Asthenopia Term generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, including pain or aching around the eyes, burning and itchiness of the eyelids, ocular fatigue, and headaches.	1.96	1	0
Ergot Poisoning [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	2.37	2	0
Heat Collapse [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	2.87	4	0
Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.	4.25	7	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.	2.36	2	0
Microphthalmia [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	6.28	14	1
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	4.59	10	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	6.28	14	1
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	9.59	10	0
Chondroma A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage. It may remain within the substance of a cartilage or bone (true chondroma or enchondroma) or may develop on the surface of a cartilage (ecchondroma or ecchondrosis). (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.87	4	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	1.98	1	0
Congenital Hypocupremia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome An inherited disorder of copper metabolism transmitted as an X-linked trait and characterized by the infantile onset of HYPOTHERMIA, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, SEIZURES, bony deformities, pili torti (twisted hair), and severely impaired intellectual development. Defective copper transport across plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes results in copper being unavailable for the synthesis of several copper containing enzymes, including PROTEIN-LYSINE 6-OXIDASE; CERULOPLASMIN; and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. Pathologic changes include defects in arterial elastin, neuronal loss, and gliosis. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p125)	1.98	1	0
Binge Eating [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.	2.9	1	0
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	3.07	5	0
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available]	1.98	1	0
ARC [description not available]	1.98	1	0
AIDS-Related Complex A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.	1.98	1	0
AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)	1.98	1	0
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.	2.87	4	0
External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.	2.38	2	0
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	2.38	2	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	5.15	11	1
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	5.15	11	1
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	1.98	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	2.68	3	0
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Ectopic Hormone Syndromes [description not available]	4.66	11	0
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.	1.98	1	0
Brain Dead [description not available]	3.49	8	0
Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.	1.98	1	0
Tachycardia, Supraventricular A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.	1.98	1	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	5.93	25	1
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	5.93	25	1
Fructose Metabolism, Inborn Errors Inherited abnormalities of fructose metabolism, which include three known autosomal recessive types: hepatic fructokinase deficiency (essential fructosuria), hereditary fructose intolerance, and hereditary fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Essential fructosuria is a benign asymptomatic metabolic disorder caused by deficiency in fructokinase, leading to decreased conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate and alimentary hyperfructosemia, but with no clinical dysfunction; may produce a false-positive diabetes test.	3.37	1	1
Deficiency, Hexosediphosphatase [description not available]	4.04	3	1
Dental Fissure [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	4.74	7	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	4.74	7	0
Fecal Impaction Formation of a firm impassable mass of stool in the RECTUM or distal COLON.	2.9	1	0
Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome An acute febrile disease occurring predominately in Asia. It is characterized by fever, prostration, vomiting, hemorrhagic phenonema, shock, and renal failure. It is caused by any one of several closely related species of the genus Hantavirus. The most severe form is caused by HANTAAN VIRUS whose natural host is the rodent Apodemus agrarius. Milder forms are caused by SEOUL VIRUS and transmitted by the rodents Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, and the PUUMALA VIRUS with transmission by Clethrionomys galreolus.	6.98	1	0
ATLL [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	2.39	2	0
Tooth Mobility Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)	2.87	4	0
Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome A complex systemic syndrome with inflammatory and autoimmune components that affect the skin, fascia, muscle, nerve, blood vessels, lung, and heart. Diagnostic features generally include EOSINOPHILIA, myalgia severe enough to limit usual activities of daily living, and the absence of coexisting infectious, autoimmune or other conditions that may induce eosinophilia. Biopsy of affected tissue reveals a microangiopathy associated with diffuse inflammation involving connective tissue. (From Spitzer et al., J Rheumatol Suppl 1996 Oct;46:73-9; Blackburn WD, Semin Arthritis Rheum 1997 Jun;26(6):788-93)	2.39	2	0
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood.	2.36	2	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	2.37	2	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	3.08	5	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.87	4	0
Sclera Diseases [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.	2.87	4	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 Infection [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	2.38	2	0
HTLV-I Infections Diseases caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1.	2.39	2	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	2.37	2	0
Dermatitis Exfoliativa [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Dermatitis, Exfoliative The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.36	2	0
Adenoma, Oxyphilic A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells.	1.98	1	0
Pancreatic Pseudocyst Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS.	1.98	1	0
Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.12	6	0
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Neurologic Voice Disorder [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Voice Disorders Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch.	1.98	1	0
Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.	2.65	3	0
B-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Neuroretinitis [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	3.3	2	0
Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).	3.3	2	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	3.48	8	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	3.48	8	0
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)	2.4	2	0
Tooth Resorption Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)	3.97	5	0
Dens in Dente Anomaly of the tooth, found chiefly in upper lateral incisors. It is characterized by invagination of the enamel at the incisal edge.	1.98	1	0
Hymenolepiasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.	2.36	2	0
Encephalomyopathies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	4.29	4	0
Hereditary Optic Atrophy [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Dementia Multi-Infarct [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA.	2.36	2	0
Cancer of Muscle [description not available]	3.6	3	0
Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.	1.99	1	0
Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.	1.99	1	0
Menopause, Premature The premature cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) when the last menstrual period occurs in a woman under the age of 40. It is due to the depletion of OVARIAN FOLLICLES. Premature MENOPAUSE can be caused by diseases; OVARIECTOMY; RADIATION; chemicals; and chromosomal abnormalities.	1.99	1	0
Altered Level of Consciousness [description not available]	3.31	2	0
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease An inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficient enzyme activity in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, resulting in deficiency of acetyl CoA and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. Two clinical forms are recognized: neonatal and juvenile. The neonatal form is a relatively common cause of lactic acidosis in the first weeks of life and may also feature an erythematous rash. The juvenile form presents with lactic acidosis, alopecia, intermittent ATAXIA; SEIZURES; and an erythematous rash. (From J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19(4):452-62) Autosomal recessive and X-linked forms are caused by mutations in the genes for the three different enzyme components of this multisubunit pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. One of the mutations at Xp22.2-p22.1 in the gene for the E1 alpha component of the complex leads to LEIGH DISEASE.	1.98	1	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	3.28	2	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	2.87	4	0
Fetal Distress A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.	1.99	1	0
Pyrosis [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Heartburn Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.	2.9	1	0
Angiomatosis Oculoorbital-Thalamic Syndrome [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Sturge-Weber Syndrome A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects.	2.37	2	0
Farmer's Lung A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta.	1.99	1	0
Atypical Cluster Headache [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Acantholysis Bullosa [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.	1.99	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.65	3	0
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	1.99	1	0
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Enuresis Involuntary discharge of URINE after expected age of completed development of urinary control. This can happen during the daytime (DIURNAL ENURESIS) while one is awake or during sleep (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS). Enuresis can be in children or in adults (as persistent primary enuresis and secondary adult-onset enuresis).	1.99	1	0
Fungus Poisoning [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Abortion, Threatened UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.	3.38	1	1
Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Polymyalgia Rheumatica A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity.	2.65	3	0
Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.	1.96	1	0
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	1.96	1	0
Urethral Obstruction Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.	1.99	1	0
Giant Osteoid Osteoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Dipetalonema Infections Infections with nematodes of the genus DIPETALONEMA.	1.99	1	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	1.99	1	0
Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.	1.99	1	0
Closed Head Injuries [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.	1.99	1	0
MELAS [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	3.74	11	0
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia with Myopathy [description not available]	1.99	1	0
MELAS Syndrome A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117)	2.41	2	0
Neurilemoma [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	1.99	1	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	3.28	2	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	1.99	1	0
Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.	2.37	2	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	2.65	3	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	7.65	3	0
Hypergammaglobulinemia An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.	2.65	3	0
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	2.87	4	0
Dental Leakage The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.	1.99	1	0
Inclusion Body Myopathy, Sporadic [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Myositis, Inclusion Body Progressive myopathies characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies on muscle biopsy. Sporadic and hereditary forms have been described. The sporadic form is an acquired, adult-onset inflammatory vacuolar myopathy affecting proximal and distal muscles. Familial forms usually begin in childhood and lack inflammatory changes. Both forms feature intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in muscle tissue. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1409-10)	1.99	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute [description not available]	2	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).	2	1	0
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis [description not available]	2	1	0
Adrenoleukodystrophy An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).	2	1	0
Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.	2	1	0
Familial Periodic Paralysis [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Bovine Leukemia [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)	7	1	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	5.13	11	0
Placenta, Retained A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.	3.38	1	1
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	2	1	0
Habronemiasis [description not available]	2	1	0
Animal Diseases Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.	2.91	1	0
Bradykinesia [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	2	1	0
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	2	1	0
Congenital Limb Deformities [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2	1	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	2	1	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	2	1	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	2	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available]	2	1	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	7.61	5	4
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	7.61	5	4
Pellagra A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).	2	1	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2.39	2	0
Hypercementosis A regressive change of teeth characterized by excessive development of secondary cementum on the tooth surface. It may occur on any part of the root, but the apical two-thirds are most commonly affected. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2	1	0
Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available]	2	1	0
Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.	3.39	1	1
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	2	1	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2	1	0
Laryngeal Nerve Avulsion [description not available]	2	1	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2	1	0
Synovioma [description not available]	2	1	0
Sarcoma, Synovial A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)	2	1	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	4.96	3	1
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	4.96	3	1
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	2	1	0
Glomangioma [description not available]	2	1	0
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	2	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2	1	0
Amaurotic Familial Idiocy An outdated term for Tay-Sachs disease.	2	1	0
Tay-Sachs Disease An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the onset in infancy of an exaggerated startle response, followed by paralysis, dementia, and blindness. It is caused by mutation in the alpha subunit of the HEXOSAMINIDASE A resulting in lipid-laden ganglion cells. It is also known as the B variant (with increased HEXOSAMINIDASE B but absence of hexosaminidase A) and is strongly associated with Ashkenazic Jewish ancestry.	7	1	0
Choroid Diseases Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea.	2	1	0
Placenta Diseases Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.	2.87	4	0
Action Myoclonus-Renal Failure Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Endemic Goiter [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal A rare aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma, characterized by a biphasic histologic pattern of small compact cells intermixed with islands of cartilaginous matrix. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas have a predilection for flat bones; long tubular bones are rarely affected. They tend to occur in the younger age group and are highly metastatic. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1456)	2	1	0
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia [description not available]	2	1	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	4.26	4	0
Inadequate Velopharyngeal Closure [description not available]	2	1	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.	2	1	0
Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.	2.01	1	0
Forearm Injuries Injuries to the part of the upper limb of the body between the wrist and elbow.	1.95	1	0
Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Fractures, Closed Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.	1.95	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	1.95	1	0
Hyperidrosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.	1.95	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Ghost Teeth [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Capdepont Teeth [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Dentin Dysplasia An apparently hereditary disorder of dentin formation, marked by a normal appearance of coronal dentin associated with pulpal obliteration, faulty root formation, and a tendency for peripheral lesions without obvious cause. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	3.27	2	0
Hemarthrosis Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.	1.95	1	0
Cholangioma [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Adenoma, Bile Duct A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.	2.87	4	0
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	3.35	7	0
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	3.35	7	0
Angioma, Sclerosing [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Neoplasms, Skull [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)	2.66	3	0
Fat Necrosis A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.	1.95	1	0
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Arthritis, Post-Infectious [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.	1.95	1	0
Arthritis, Reactive An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.	1.95	1	0
Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250)	1.95	1	0
Cystic Angiomatosis Of Bone, Diffuse [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Dupuytren's Contracture [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Dupuytren Contracture A fibromatosis of the palmar fascia characterized by thickening and contracture of the fibrous bands on the palmar surfaces of the hand and fingers. It arises most commonly in men between the ages of 30 and 50.	1.95	1	0
Dermatosclerosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.	1.95	1	0
Tenosynovitis Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.	1.95	1	0
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Giant Cell Arteritis A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)	1.95	1	0
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.	2.36	2	0
Laryngeal Spasm [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Drop Attack [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Laryngismus A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.	1.95	1	0
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	1.95	1	0
Cornea Injuries [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.	2.36	2	0
Spondylitis Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.	2.35	2	0
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	1.95	1	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	2.65	3	0
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	2.64	3	0
Cacchi Ricci Disease [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Consciousness, Loss of [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Hyaline Membrane Disease A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).	2.64	3	0
Brazilian Spotted Fever [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever An acute febrile illness caused by RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII. It is transmitted to humans by bites of infected ticks and occurs only in North and South America. Characteristics include a sudden onset with headache and chills and fever lasting about two to three weeks. A cutaneous rash commonly appears on the extremities and trunk about the fourth day of illness.	2.35	2	0
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	2.35	2	0
Angiomatosis A condition with multiple tumor-like lesions caused either by congenital or developmental malformations of BLOOD VESSELS, or reactive vascular proliferations, such as in bacillary angiomatosis. Angiomatosis is considered non-neoplastic.	1.95	1	0
BH4 Deficiency [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	3.04	5	0
Salpingitis Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC)	1.95	1	0
Leanness [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Convulsions, Febrile [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)	1.95	1	0
Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	1.95	1	0
Ozena [description not available]	3.65	10	0
Rhinitis, Atrophic A chronic inflammation in which the NASAL MUCOSA gradually changes from a functional to a non-functional lining without mucociliary clearance. It is often accompanied by degradation of the bony TURBINATES, and the foul-smelling mucus which forms a greenish crust (ozena).	3.65	10	0
Paralysis, Obstetric Paralysis of an infant resulting from injury received at birth. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	3.2	6	0
Eclampsia Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).	2.35	2	0
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).	1.95	1	0
Tooth Drift [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Lymphocytosis Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.	1.95	1	0
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	2.65	3	0
Far East Scarlet-like Fever [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Dental Occlusion, Traumatic An occlusion resulting in overstrain and injury to teeth, periodontal tissue, or other oral structures.	1.95	1	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)	1.95	1	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	2.64	3	0
Neuroses [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.	1.95	1	0
Acute Q Fever [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Bed Sores [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	1.95	1	0
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	1.95	1	0
Canine Distemper [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Bowen Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	2.86	4	0
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	2.36	2	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	1.98	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	1.98	1	0
Complex Partial Epilepsy [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Epilepsy, Complex Partial A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)	1.98	1	0
Lymphangiectasis A transient dilatation of the lymphatic vessels.	1.98	1	0
Abrasion, Dental [description not available]	4.72	7	1
Atrophy of Gingiva [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).	1.98	1	0
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.	2.64	3	0
Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Keratocysts [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hypopharyngeal Cancer [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.	1.97	1	0
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.	1.97	1	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	2.64	3	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	7.67	3	0
Atypical Lipoma [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.	2.36	2	0
Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.36	2	0
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.	2.65	3	0
Gonadal Agenesis The complete failure of gonadal development.	1.97	1	0
Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	1.97	1	0
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Injuries, Mandibular [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.	1.97	1	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	2.36	2	0
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis A herpesvirus infection of CATTLE characterized by INFLAMMATION and NECROSIS of the mucous membranes of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	7.37	2	0
Familial Spastic Paraparesis, Htlv-1-Associated [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic A subacute paralytic myeloneuropathy occurring endemically in tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Colombia, India, and Africa, as well as in the southwestern region of Japan; associated with infection by HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS I. Clinical manifestations include a slowly progressive spastic weakness of the legs, increased reflexes, Babinski signs, incontinence, and loss of vibratory and position sensation. On pathologic examination inflammatory, demyelination, and necrotic lesions may be found in the spinal cord. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1239)	1.97	1	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	1.97	1	0
Ankylosis Fixation and immobility of a joint.	2.36	2	0
Tuberculosis, Bovine An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.	1.97	1	0
Acne [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	2.36	2	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	1.97	1	0
Complex IV Deficiency [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	1.97	1	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	2.66	3	0
Disgerminoma [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Dysgerminoma A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)	1.97	1	0
Osteopoikilosis An asymptomatic, autosomal dominant trait in which pea-sized sclerotic spots, prominent in the metaphyseal area, are accompanied by unique cutaneous lesions. These are yellowish papules or plaques with increased elastin content. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, pp1434-35)	7.64	3	0
Kidney, Polycystic [description not available]	3.97	5	0
Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.	3.97	5	0
Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.	1.97	1	0
ACD-MPV [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT).	1.97	1	0
Leprosy, Cutaneous [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	2.64	3	0
Femoral Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FEMUR.	2.38	2	0
Congenital Foot Deformities [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Congenital Hand Deformities [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Anterior Compartment Syndrome Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, often following excessive PHYSICAL EXERTION.	1.97	1	0
Compartment Syndromes Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes.	1.97	1	0
Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.	1.97	1	0
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)	1.97	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Pelvis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pulsatile Tinnitus [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.	1.96	1	0
Adenosis of Breast [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.	1.96	1	0
Neoplasms, Sweat Gland [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	7.36	2	0
Esophageal Varices [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	2.35	2	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	3.28	2	0
Inguinal Hernia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hydrothorax A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.96	1	0
Ventral Hernia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hernia, Inguinal An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.	1.96	1	0
Hernia, Ventral A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias.	1.96	1	0
Dental Deposit [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	2.36	2	0
Epiphyses, Slipped A complete or partial separation of the EPIPHYSES from the DIAPHYSES.	1.97	1	0
Eye Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.	1.97	1	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	2.36	2	0
Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.	2.35	2	0
Gingival Hyperplasia Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)	1.96	1	0
Conductive Hearing Loss [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Fifth Phacomatosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome Hereditary disorder consisting of multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and multiple skeletal defects, e.g., frontal and temporoparietal bossing, bifurcated and splayed ribs, kyphoscoliosis, fusion of vertebrae, and cervicothoracic spina bifida. Genetic transmission is autosomal dominant.	1.96	1	0
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.	1.96	1	0
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2.36	2	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	2.36	2	0
Adult Refsum Disease [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	4.11	6	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	4.11	6	0
Shingles [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Alastrim [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	2.86	1	0
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.86	1	0
Smallpox An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions. Vaccination has succeeded in eradicating smallpox worldwide. (Dorland, 28th ed)	2.86	1	0
Placental Abruption [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Abruptio Placentae Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.	2.35	2	0
Thrombocytopathy [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	2.63	3	0
Gigantism The condition of accelerated and excessive GROWTH in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE before the closure of EPIPHYSES. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age.	1.94	1	0
Adenolymphoma A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue stroma. It is usually found in the salivary glands, especially the parotid.	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Parotid [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.	1.94	1	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Oral Manifestations Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury.	3.78	4	0
Biliary Fistula Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.	2.86	1	0
Esophageal Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.	2.86	1	0
Megacolon Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON.	1.95	1	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Apple Peel Small Bowel Syndrome [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	2.35	2	0
Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).	2.35	2	0
Chromosomal Triplication [description not available]	3.26	2	0
Psychoses, Alcoholic A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.	2.63	3	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	1.94	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	3.33	1	1
Capillaria hepatica Infection [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	1.94	1	0
Amyoplasia Congenita [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Pyloric Stenosis Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.	2.35	2	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	1.94	1	0
Atrial Septal Defect [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Alcaptonuria [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Alkaptonuria An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.	1.94	1	0
Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)	3.26	2	0
Urinary Fistula An abnormal passage in any part of the URINARY TRACT between itself or with other organs.	1.95	1	0
Cerebromalacia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	2.63	3	0
Osteophytosis, Spinal [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	6.94	1	0
Cancer, Embryonal [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.	1.94	1	0
Emaciation Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION).	2.63	3	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	1.94	1	0
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	2.86	1	0
Dyspareunia Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female.	3.33	1	1
Enterotoxemia Disease caused by the liberation of exotoxins of CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS in the intestines of sheep, goats, cattle, foals, and piglets. Type B enterotoxemia in lambs is lamb dysentery; type C enterotoxemia in mature sheep produces struck, and in calves, lambs and piglets it produces hemorrhagic enterotoxemia; type D enterotoxemia in sheep and goats is pulpy-kidney disease or overeating disease.	1.95	1	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	1.95	1	0
Injuries, Teeth [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Odontalgia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Jaw Fractures Fractures of the upper or lower jaw.	1.94	1	0
Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.	1.94	1	0
Finger Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.	1.94	1	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	3.26	2	0
Venous Insufficiency Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.	1.95	1	0
Hip Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the hip.	2.35	2	0
Infectious Myelitis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Adult Premature Aging Syndrome [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Progeria An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.	1.95	1	0
Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.	2.63	3	0
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)	1.95	1	0
Delusional Disorder Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.	1.95	1	0
Catatonic Schizophrenia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	1.95	1	0
Parakeratosis Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.95	1	0
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Abnormalities, Jaw [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Abscess, Periapical [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	1.94	1	0
Alveolalgia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Disc, Herniated [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.	1.95	1	0
Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.	1.95	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	3.27	2	0
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	1.95	1	0
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	1.95	1	0
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	1.94	1	0
Hemoglobinopathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.	1.94	1	0
Injuries, Maxillofacial [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Maxillary Fractures Fractures of the upper jaw.	1.94	1	0
Placenta Praevia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Placenta Previa Abnormal placentation in which the PLACENTA implants in the lower segment of the UTERUS (the zone of dilation) and may cover part or all of the opening of the CERVIX. It is often associated with serious antepartum bleeding and PREMATURE LABOR.	2.35	2	0
Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.	1.95	1	0
Adenoma, Chromophobe A benign tumor of the anterior pituitary in which the cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.	1.95	1	0
Cystadenoma A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. In some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.86	4	0
Dysembryoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	1.95	1	0
Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.	2.35	2	0
Genito-urinary Cancer [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Urogenital Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.	3.27	2	0
Hydrosyringomyelia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Encephalitis, Equine [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Chylopericardium [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	2.64	3	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	1.95	1	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	1.95	1	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	1.95	1	0
Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.	1.95	1	0
Cystadenocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.95	1	0
Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)	1.95	1	0
Angioid Streaks Small breaks in the elastin-filled tissue of the retina.	2.35	2	0
Spider Veins [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Telangiectasis Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.	2.86	1	0
Toxemia A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.	2.34	2	0
Embolism, Fat Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS.	1.94	1	0
Beryllium Disease Disease resulting from exposure to beryllium. Entry into the body is not limited to the inhalation route.	3.26	2	0
Berylliosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled rare metal BERYLLIUM or its soluble salts which are used in a wide variety of industry including alloys, ceramics, radiographic equipment, and vacuum tubes. Berylliosis is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction in the upper airway leading to BRONCHIOLITIS; PULMONARY EDEMA; and pneumonia.	3.26	2	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Johne Disease [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	2.86	1	0
Enzootic Ataxia [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Achalasia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Esophageal Achalasia A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).	1.94	1	0
Alpers Diffuse Degeneration of Cerebral Gray Matter with Hepatic Cirrhosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidoses Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.	1.94	1	0
Insect Bites [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects.	1.94	1	0
Pappataci Fever [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Francisella tularensis Infection [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Tularemia A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.	1.94	1	0
Concussive Convulsion [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.	1.94	1	0
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.	1.94	1	0
Nail Abnormalities [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	2.35	2	0
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna Thickening of the inner table of the frontal bone, which may be associated with hypertrichosis and obesity. It most commonly affects women near menopause.	1.94	1	0
Endarteritis Inflammation of the inner endothelial lining (TUNICA INTIMA) of an artery.	1.94	1	0
Infections, Taenia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Oesophagostomiasis Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.	1.94	1	0
Taeniasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.	1.94	1	0
Classical Swine Fever An acute, highly contagious disease affecting swine of all ages and caused by the CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS. It has a sudden onset with high morbidity and mortality.	1.94	1	0
Staphylococcal Pneumonia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	1.94	1	0
Intestinal Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	1.94	1	0
Achondroplasia, Severe, With Developmental Delay And Acanthosis Nigricans [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Achondroplasia An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)	1.94	1	0
Tuberculosis, Avian A variety of TUBERCULOSIS affecting various birds, including chickens and ducks. It is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM and characterized by tubercles consisting principally of epithelioid cells.	1.94	1	0
Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn Neonatal nasogastric or intracranial hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.	1.94	1	0
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Depth Intoxication [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Concomitant Strabismus [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)	2.35	2	0
Anemia, Macrocytic Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).	1.94	1	0
Infection, Puerperal [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Adjustment Disorder [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Adjustment Disorders Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after onset of the stressor. They are manifested by either impairment in social or occupational functioning or by symptoms (depression, anxiety, etc.) that are in excess of a normal and expected reaction to the stressor.	1.94	1	0
Bertielliasis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	1.94	1	0
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	1.94	1	0
Ectoparasitic Infestations Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.	2.35	2	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	1.94	1	0
Burns, Electric Burns produced by contact with electric current or from a sudden discharge of electricity.	2.35	2	0
Hemosiderosis Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.	1.94	1	0
Hypodermyiasis Infestation with larvae of the genus Hypoderma, the warble fly.	2.34	2	0
Arachnoid Membrane Inflammation [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Uterine Atony [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Uterine Inertia Failure of the UTERUS to contract with normal strength, duration, and intervals during childbirth (LABOR, OBSTETRIC). It is also called uterine atony.	1.94	1	0
Aortitis, Syphilitic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Central European Encephalitis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Erysipelothrix Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ERYSIPELOTHRIX.	1.94	1	0
Mesonephroma A rare tumor of the female genital tract, most often the ovary, formerly considered to be derived from mesonephric rests. Two varieties are recognized: (1) clear cell carcinoma, so called because of its histologic resemblance to renal cell carcinoma, and now considered to be of muellerian duct derivation and (2) an embryonal tumor (called also ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR and yolk sac tumor), occurring chiefly in children. The latter variety may also arise in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	3.73	2	1
Aortic Arch Syndrome [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Rida [description not available]	1.94	1	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	1.94	1	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Abetalipoproteinemia An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.	1.94	1	0
Dermoid [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Adhesive Capsulitis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Bursitis Inflammation or irritation of a SYNOVIAL BURSA, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.	1.94	1	0
Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.	1.94	1	0
Hematemesis Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	2.34	2	0
Anemia Neonatorum [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Neonatal The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.	1.94	1	0
Aujeszky Disease [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Fungal Lung Diseases [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Spondylisthesis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Branchial Cleft Cyst [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Benign Hyperglobulinemic Purpura of Waldenstru00F6m [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Thyroglossal Cyst A cyst in the neck caused by persistence of portions of, or by lack of closure of, the primitive thyroglossal duct. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Acariasis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Pyuria The presence of white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) in the urine. It is often associated with bacterial infections of the urinary tract. Pyuria without BACTERIURIA can be caused by TUBERCULOSIS, stones, or cancer.	1.94	1	0

phosphorus

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