Compounds > arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
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arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid

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Description

arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID104802
CHEMBL ID313763
CHEBI ID158966
SCHEMBL ID19139
MeSH IDM0138287

Synonyms (49)

Synonym
CHEMBL313763 ,
99896-85-2
rgd tripeptide
arg-gly-asp, >=97% (tlc)
l-aspartic acid, n-(n-l-arginylglycyl)-
arginyl-glycyl-asparagilin
n-(n-l-arginylglycyl)-l-aspartic acid
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
rgd peptide
rgd tripeptide sequence
arg-gly-asp ,
f-336
NCGC00167210-01
CHEBI:158966
(2s)-2-[[2-[[(2s)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]butanedioic acid
(s)-2-[2-((s)-2-amino-5-guanidino-pentanoylamino)-acetylamino]-succinic acid
bdbm50107402
(s)-2-[2-((s)-2-amino-5-carbamimidoyl-pentanoylamino)-acetylamino]-succinic acid
2-[2-(2-amino-5-guanidino-pentanoylamino)-acetylamino]-succinic acid(rgd)
119865-10-0
bitiscetin
bitistatin
124123-27-9
unii-78vo7f77pn
78vo7f77pn ,
l-arginyl-glycyl-l-aspartic acid
arginylglycylaspartic acid
AKOS015854089
AKOS015902678
S8008
SCHEMBL19139
rgd ,
l-aspartic acid, l-arginylglycyl-
AC-32859
mfcd00057952
IYMAXBFPHPZYIK-BQBZGAKWSA-N
AS-61345
(2s)-2-{2-[(2s)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanamido]acetamido}butanedioic acid
HY-P0278
(s)-2-(2-((s)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanamido)acetamido)succinic acid
DTXSID30912420
Q4068819
arginine-glycine-aspartic acid
rgd peptides
CCG-267987
H11917
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; rgd peptide
A900178
l-aspartic acid,l-arginylglycyl-

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" However, intratumoral administration of AdRGD expressing tumor necrosis factor alpha (AdRGD-TNFalpha) at high dose revealed not only the dramatic reinforcement of anti-tumor effect but also serious adverse effects, such as body weight reduction and sudden death, caused by high-level TNF-alpha leakage from the tumor into circulation."( Optimization of antitumor efficacy and safety of in vivo cytokine gene therapy using RGD fiber-mutant adenovirus vector for preexisting murine melanoma.
Hayakawa, T; Mayumi, T; Mizuguchi, H; Mizuno, N; Okada, N; Okada, Y; Takahashi, K, 2004)		0.32
" On the other hand, AdRGD-Tyr/HSVtk and AdRGD-TERT/HSVtk did not induce severe adverse effects even when they were intravenously injected into mice at 10(9) plaque-forming units (PFU), whereas mice injected with AdRGD-CMV/HSVtk at 10(8) PFU exhibited body weight reduction and serum level increase of biochemical enzymes for hepatotoxicity."( Transcriptional targeting of RGD fiber-mutant adenovirus vectors can improve the safety of suicide gene therapy for murine melanoma.
Hayakawa, T; Mayumi, T; Mizuguchi, H; Nakagawa, S; Okada, N; Okada, Y, 2005)		0.33
" In the transplanted islets, iNOS and toxic amounts of NO are produced as a result of islets infiltration with inflammatory cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines."( Osteopontin protects the islets and beta-cells from interleukin-1 beta-mediated cytotoxicity through negative feedback regulation of nitric oxide.
Arafat, HA; Chipitsyna, G; Dafoe, DC; Gabbeta, J; Gong, Q; Katakam, AK; Vancha, AR, 2007)		0.34
" Our results demonstrate that G4 dendrimers, which have amino functional groups, are toxic and attenuate growth and development of zebrafish embryos at sublethal concentrations; however, G3."( Developmental toxicity of low generation PAMAM dendrimers in zebrafish.
Dengler, E; Heideman, W; Heiden, TC; Kao, WJ; Peterson, RE, 2007)		0.34
"To explore the structural dependence of the oral potency and side effect of estrogen-RGD peptide conjugates, here six novel conjugates were prepared via introducing RGD-tetrapeptides into both 3- and 17-positions of estradiol, and introducing RGD-octapeptides into 3-position of estrone."( 3D QSAR of novel estrogen-RGD peptide conjugates: getting insight into structural dependence of anti-osteoporosis activity and side effect of estrogen in ERT.
Li, C; Liu, J; Peng, L; Peng, S; Zhang, X; Zhao, M, 2009)		0.35
"Our data demonstrate that the single and repeated intravenous injection of QD800-RGD at a dose needed for successful tumor imaging in vivo is not toxic to mice."( Toxicity assessment of repeated intravenous injections of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide conjugated CdSeTe/ZnS quantum dots in mice.
Bai, YL; Chen, D; Tang, H; Wang, YW; Yang, K, 2014)		0.4
"5 µmol/kg/d of Dex, and the conjugates, but not Dex, exhibited no toxic action."( RGD(F/S/V)-Dex: towards the development of novel, effective, and safe glucocorticoids.
Jiang, X; Peng, S; Song, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, J; Zhao, M; Zhao, S; Zhu, H, 2016)		0.43
" The stimuli led to encapsulated DOX's initial burst release and subsequent sustained release for anti-tumor therapy which was verified to be more effective and have less adverse effects than free DOX."( Targeted and pH-facilitated theranostic of orthotopic gastric cancer via phase-transformation doxorubicin-encapsulated nanoparticles enhanced by low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) with reduced side effect.
Liu, Z; Ran, H; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhou, S, 2019)		0.51

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The half-life of RGDpep-HuMab (90 min) was still considerably longer than that of free RGD peptides (<10 min)."( Targeting of RGD-modified proteins to tumor vasculature: a pharmacokinetic and cellular distribution study.
Bos, EJ; de Leij, LF; Kok, RJ; Meijer, DK; Molema, G; Moorlag, HE; Proost, JH; Schraa, AJ, 2002)		0.31
" We studied the tumor targeting efficacy and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of 125I-RGD-mPEG by means of direct tissue sampling and autoradiography in mice xenografted subcutaneously with U87MG glioblastoma."( Pharmacokinetics and tumor retention of 125I-labeled RGD peptide are improved by PEGylation.
Bading, JR; Chen, X; Conti, PS; Park, R; Shahinian, AH, 2004)		0.32
" The fluorescence images were acquired using an intensified charge-coupled device system and were analyzed with a three-compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) model to determine uptake parameters in the tumor and normal tissue regions of interest as a function of administered dose."( Imaging dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of an RGD-fluorescent dye conjugate targeted to alpha v beta 3 receptor expressed in Kaposi's sarcoma.
Houston, JP; Ke, S; Kwon, S; Li, C; Sevick-Muraca, EM; Wang, W; Wu, Q, )		0.13
" The pharmacokinetic parameters in tumor-bearing mice were analyzed by PKAnalyst."( Evaluation of pharmacokinetics of bioreducible gene delivery vectors by real-time PCR.
Manickam, DS; Oupický, D; Wu, C; Zhou, QH, 2009)		0.35
"(18)F-FPPRGD2 has desirable pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties."( Pilot pharmacokinetic and dosimetric studies of (18)F-FPPRGD2: a PET radiopharmaceutical agent for imaging α(v)β(3) integrin levels.
Berganos, R; Burton, L; Chang, E; Chen, X; Chin, FT; Gambhir, SS; Goris, ML; Iagaru, AH; Kardan, A; Liu, S; Mittra, ES; Shen, B, 2011)		0.37
" However, HM-3 has relatively short half-life in vivo."( In vivo pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and mechanism of PEGylated antitumor polypeptide.
Huang, X; Li, W; Li, Y; Liu, Z; Pan, L; Pu, C; Ren, Y; Xu, HM; Yang, Y; Zhang, C, 2012)		0.38
" The drug concentration in plasma was determined and the pharmacokinetic behaviour was compared."( [In vivo imaging in tumor-bearing animals and pharmacokinetics of PEGylated liposomes modified with RGD cyclopeptide].
Deng, LH; Tang, CY; Tu, LX; Wu, CB; Xu, YH, 2012)		0.38
" Doxorubicin as a model anticancer drug was loaded into liposomes using an ammonium sulfate gradient method to investigate the encapsulation efficiency, cellular uptake by the integrin-overexpressing human glioma cell line U87MG in vitro, and pharmacokinetic properties in Sprague-Dawley rats."( Cyclic RGD peptide-modified liposomal drug delivery system: enhanced cellular uptake in vitro and improved pharmacokinetics in rats.
Chen, Z; Deng, J; Tao, T; Zhao, Y, 2012)		0.38
"64 h ng/mg; the elimination half-life (T1/2) in retina was 104."( Pharmacokinetics of HM-3 after intravitreal administration in mice.
Hu, J; Li, W; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Shen, H; Xia, X; Xie, P; Xu, H; Yuan, D; Yuan, S, 2014)		0.4
"The pharmacokinetic profiles of intravitreal administration HM-3 provide the basis for the development of reasonable dosing regimens of clinical choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treatment."( Pharmacokinetics of HM-3 after intravitreal administration in mice.
Hu, J; Li, W; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Shen, H; Xia, X; Xie, P; Xu, H; Yuan, D; Yuan, S, 2014)		0.4
" In the case of peptide-based radiotracers, the modification and addition of a linker or spacer functional group often offer faster in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior."( Improved Pharmacokinetics Following PEGylation and Dimerization of a c(RGD-ACH-K) Conjugate Used for Tumor Positron Emission Tomography Imaging.
Kim, BI; Kim, JY; Kim, SW; Lee, JW; Lee, KC; Lee, YJ; Park, JA; Shin, UC, 2016)		0.43
" A drug with a short half-life in the blood is less available at a target organ."( Novel "Add-On" Molecule Based on Evans Blue Confers Superior Pharmacokinetics and Transforms Drugs to Theranostic Agents.
Chen, H; Chen, X; Jacobson, O; Kiesewetter, DO; Liu, Y; Ma, Y; Niu, G; Weiss, ID; Wu, H, 2017)		0.46

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"RGD, either alone or in combination with CDDP."( A novel CRAd in combination with cisplatin enhanced the antitumor efficacy in ovarian cancer.
Liu, Y; Wei, Y; Yin, X; Zhang, B; Zhang, P; Zheng, J, 2011)		0.37
"RGD in combination with CDDP was a potential therapeutic modality for the therapy in ovarian cancer."( A novel CRAd in combination with cisplatin enhanced the antitumor efficacy in ovarian cancer.
Liu, Y; Wei, Y; Yin, X; Zhang, B; Zhang, P; Zheng, J, 2011)		0.37
" Our purpose was to elucidate whether the use of the oncolytic adenovirus Δ24-RGD alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy would be effective, in vitro and in vivo, against osteosarcoma."( The oncolytic adenovirus Δ24-RGD in combination with cisplatin exerts a potent anti-osteosarcoma activity.
Alonso, MM; Fueyo, J; Gomez-Manzano, C; Jauregui, P; Julián, MS; Lecanda, F; Marrodan, L; Martinez-Velez, N; Patiño-García, A; Sierrasesúmaga, L; Toledo, G; Torre, W; Urquiza, L; Vera, B; Xipell, E; Zalacain, M; Zandueta, C, 2014)		0.4
" Polymeric nanoparticles combined with ultrasound (US) are widely applied in cancer treatment due to their time applications, low cost, simplicity, and safety."( Prevention of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein-Induced Endothelial Cell Injury by DA-PLGA-PEG-cRGD Nanoparticles Combined with Ultrasound.
Du, L; Duan, Y; Huang, H; Huang, L; Li, Z; Sun, Y, 2017)		0.46

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Endotoxemia, in man, has been associated with an autooxidative reduction in the bioavailability of polymorphonuclear leukocyte receptors."( Regulation of intracellular polymorphonuclear leukocyte Fc receptors by lipopolysaccharide.
D'Amico, R; Simms, HH, 1994)		0.29
" It also appears to have a greater association with resting platelets in the blood, which may increase bioavailability and delay metabolic breakdown."( In vitro platelet binding compared with in vivo thrombus imaging using alpha(IIb)beta3-targeted radioligands.
Knight, LC; Maurer, AH; Romano, JE, 1998)		0.3
" However, the clinical development of orally active RGD analogs has been hindered by the low oral bioavailability of many such RGD analogs."( A coumarin-based prodrug strategy to improve the oral absorption of RGD peptidomimetics.
Borchardt, RT; Camenisch, G; Hugger, E; Sane, DC; Wang, B; Wang, W; Wheeler, GL; Zhang, H, 2000)		0.31
" However, the low oral bioavailability for this class of compounds has been hindering their clinical development."( Orally active peptidomimetic RGD analogs that are glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists.
Borchardt, RT; Wang, B; Wang, W, 2000)		0.31
" Modification of the beta-alanine 3-substituents alters the potency and physicochemical properties of these receptor antagonists and in some cases provides orally bioavailable alpha(v)beta(3) inhibitors."( Non-peptide alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists. Part 3: identification of potent RGD mimetics incorporating novel beta-amino acids as aspartic acid replacements.
Askew, BC; Brashear, KM; Breslin, MJ; Coleman, PJ; Duggan, ME; Fernandez-Metzler, C; Hartman, GD; Hoffman, WF; Hunt, CA; Hutchinson, JH; Leu, CT; Libby, LA; Lynch, JJ; Lynch, R; Ma, B; McVean, CA; Merkle, KM; Prueksaritanont, T; Rodan, GA; Rodan, SB; Stump, GL; Wallace, AA, 2002)		0.31
" One explanation may be the large complex size, which serves to decrease the bioavailability of the trimeric sCAR-adenovirus complexes."( Targeting adenoviral vectors by using the extracellular domain of the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor: improved potency via trimerization.
Idamakanti, N; Kaleko, M; Kaloss, M; Kim, J; Kylefjord, H; Mulgrew, K; Ryan, PC; Smith, T; Stevenson, SC, 2002)		0.31
" In vivo biodistribution studies of (76)Br-labeled dendritic nanoprobes showed excellent bioavailability for the targeted and nontargeted nanoprobes."( Biodegradable dendritic positron-emitting nanoprobes for the noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis.
Abendschein, D; Almutairi, A; Ananth, A; Anderson, CJ; Capoccia, B; Fréchet, JM; Guillaudeu, S; Hagooly, A; Rossin, R; Shokeen, M; Welch, MJ, 2009)		0.35
" Its water absorption rate and water retention rate were 772% and 206% respectively."( [Preparation and characterization of an extracellular matrix of artificial tendon tissue from natural macromolecules].
Wan, L; Xiong, Y, 2008)		0.35
" In addition to their drug targeting application and their ability to improve bioavailability of drugs, nanoparticles can be designed to allow their detection with a variety of imaging methodologies."( Multifunctional nanoemulsion platform for imaging guided therapy evaluated in experimental cancer.
Calcagno, C; Dijk, WJ; Fayad, ZA; Gianella, A; Griffioen, AW; Jarzyna, PA; Kann, B; Mani, V; Mulder, WJ; Ramachandran, S; Storm, G; Tang, J; Thijssen, VL, 2011)		0.37
" Despite significant anti-tumor efficacies and bio-safety profiles of curcumin, poor systemic bioavailability is retarding its clinical success."( Tumor growth inhibition through targeting liposomally bound curcumin to tumor vasculature.
Barui, S; Chaudhuri, A; Mondal, G; Saha, S, 2013)		0.39
"The poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin restrict its clinical application for cancer treatment."( Novel tumor-targeting, self-assembling peptide nanofiber as a carrier for effective curcumin delivery.
Chu, L; Liu, J; Liu, Q; Song, N; Xu, H; Yang, C; Zhang, Y, 2014)		0.4
"Adequate retention in systemic circulation is the preliminary requirement for systemic gene delivery to afford high bioavailability into the targeted site."( Targeted gene delivery by polyplex micelles with crowded PEG palisade and cRGD moiety for systemic treatment of pancreatic tumors.
Chen, Q; Dirisala, A; Ge, Z; Ishii, T; Itaka, K; Kano, MR; Kataoka, K; Liu, X; Matsumoto, Y; Nomoto, T; Oba, M; Osada, K; Tockary, TA; Toh, K; Uchida, S, 2014)		0.4
" As we expected, these tri-component polynorbornenes exhibit significant enhancement in anti-thrombotic efficacy and bioavailability in vivo."( A modular designed copolymer with anti-thrombotic activity and imaging capability.
Chen, B; Feng, K; Peng, S; Tung, CH; Wu, LZ; Xie, N; Zhang, LP; Zhao, M, 2014)		0.4
" Suramin bioavailability and function were demonstrated by attenuated M1 polarization of THP-1 cells compared to positive control."( Drug-triggered and cross-linked self-assembling nanofibrous hydrogels.
Hartgerink, JD; Jalan, AA; Kumar, VA; Li, IC; Sarkar, B; Shi, S; Wang, BK; Wickremasinghe, NC, 2015)		0.42
" However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its wide application in clinical practice."( Anticancer Efficacy of Targeted Shikonin Liposomes Modified with RGD in Breast Cancer Cells.
Cai, D; Fan, L; Li, J; Sun, J; Wang, Q; Wen, X; Wu, Y; Yue, L; Zhou, L, 2018)		0.48
" This study aimed to prepare arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) containing nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC-RGD) to improve the bioavailability of galangin and explore its ability in improving the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX)."( Targeted nanostructured lipid carrier containing galangin as a promising adjuvant for improving cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents.
Bahramifar, A; Emameh, RZ; Ghorbani, M; Hajipour, H; Nouri, M; Taheri, RA, 2021)		0.91
" Therefore, a drug discovery programme to identify an orally bioavailable small molecule αvβ6 arginyl-glycinyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-mimetic was initiated."( Pharmacological characterisation of GSK3335103, an oral αvβ6 integrin small molecule RGD-mimetic inhibitor for the treatment of fibrotic disease.
Barksby, BS; Barnes, R; Barrett, JW; Barrett, TN; Borthwick, LA; Burgoyne, RA; Fisher, AJ; Gower, E; Hatley, RJD; Jenkins, RG; John, AE; Luckett, JC; Macdonald, SJF; Man, Y; Marshall, RP; Morrison, VS; Procopiou, PA; Pun, KT; Roper, JA; Slack, RJ; Wilkinson, AL, 2021)		0.62

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" RGDS was a weaker inhibitor, and produced a biphasic dose-response curve; SDRG was inactive."( Inhibition of platelet adhesion to fibrin(ogen) in flowing whole blood by Arg-Gly-Asp and fibrinogen gamma-chain carboxy terminal peptides.
Cavero, I; de Groot, PG; Endenburg, SC; Hantgan, RR; Marguerie, G; Sixma, JJ; Uzan, A, 1992)		0.28
" Infused RGDV decreased the accumulation of both platelets and fibrin on the collagen substrate in a dose-response manner."( RGDV peptide selectively inhibits platelet-dependent thrombus formation in vivo. Studies using a baboon model.
Cadroy, Y; Hanson, SR; Houghten, RA, 1989)		0.28
" Four ester prodrug/acid active metabolite pairs (2a/2e, 60a/60e, 62a/62e, 63a/63e) from the ABAS series which varied in their 3-substituent on the beta-amino ester "aspartate mimetic" were prepared in enantiomerically enriched form (> 95:5), and they were evaluated in canine studies for their ability to block collagen-induced aggregation in platelet-rich plasma, the elimination profile (t1/2 beta-phase), repeated oral dosing studies, and oral systemic availability."( Potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitors of platelet aggregation based upon the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence of fibrinogen. (Aminobenzamidino)succinyl (ABAS) series of orally active fibrinogen receptor antagonists.
Bovy, PR; Garland, RB; Lindmark, RJ; Rao, SA; Rico, JG; Rogers, TE; Schretzman, LA; Tjoeng, FS; Williams, K; Zablocki, JA, 1995)		0.29
" Like all GPIIb/IIIa antagonists, DMP 728 has a steep dose-response relationship in inhibiting platelet aggregation."( Platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor occupancy studies using a novel fluoresceinated cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide.
Bozarth, JM; Flint, SK; Forsythe, MS; Jackson, SA; Mousa, SA; Tsao, PW, 1995)		0.29
" However, the clinical development of oral dosage forms of these RGD analogs has been hindered by their low intestinal mucosal permeability."( Synthesis and evaluation of novel coumarin-based esterase-sensitive cyclic prodrugs of peptidomimetic RGD analogs with improved membrane permeability.
Borchardt, RT; Camenisch, GP; Elmo, J; Wang, B; Wang, W; Zhang, H, 1999)		0.3
" Treatment with a pharmacologic dosage of retinoic acid altered the TSP-1 cell adhesion mechanism in both cell lines in that neither heparin nor micromolar concentrations of the RGD peptide inhibited attachment; after treatment, attachment was inhibited by the CSVTCG peptide located in the type I repeat domain of TSP-1 and a recombinant adhesion domain (CLESH-1) from CD36."( Retinoic acid alters the mechanism of attachment of malignant astrocytoma and neuroblastoma cells to thrombospondin-1.
Gladson, CL; Grammer, JR; Murphy-Ullrich, JE; Pearce, SF; Pijuan-Thompson, V; Silverstein, RL; Stewart, J; Tuszynski, GP, 1999)		0.3
", Whitehouse Station, New Jersey]) all sought to identify dosing regimens that would establish and maintain >80 % inhibition of ex vivo platelet aggregation throughout the duration of intravenous infusion."( Platelet aggregation inhibition with glycoprotein IIb--IIIa inhibitors.
Proimos, G, 2001)		0.31
" The authors currently are conducting a dose deescalation study to determine the threshold dosage required for RGD mimetic binding to radiation activated receptor."( Radiation-mediated control of drug delivery.
Chakravarthy, A; Cmelak, A; Geng, L; Giorgio, T; Hallahan, DE; Martin, W; Qu, S; Scarfone, C, 2001)		0.31
" In addition, Ad-RGD-TNFalpha required about one-tenth the dosage of Ad-TNFalpha for induction of equal therapeutic effects upon intratumoral injection into established B16 BL6 tumors."( Fiber-mutant technique can augment gene transduction efficacy and anti-tumor effects against established murine melanoma by cytokine-gene therapy using adenovirus vectors.
Hayakawa, T; Kanehira, M; Mayumi, T; Mizuguchi, H; Mizuno, N; Nakagawa, S; Nishino, N; Okada, N; Okada, Y; Takahashi, K, 2002)		0.31
" A dose-response relation in NOS activity was observed in either Fn treated or RGD treated group."( [Fibronectin or RGD peptide promotes nitric oxide synthesis of rabbit bronchial epithelial cells].
Luo, ZQ; Qin, XQ; Sun, XH; Xiang, Y; Zhang, CQ, 2000)		0.31
" Ad-RGD-TNFalpha required one-tenth the dosage of Ad-TNFalpha to induce an equal therapeutic effect."( Tumor necrosis factor alpha-gene therapy for an established murine melanoma using RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) fiber-mutant adenovirus vectors.
Fujita, T; Hayakawa, T; Mayumi, T; Mizuguchi, H; Mizuno, N; Nakagawa, S; Okada, N; Okada, Y; Takahashi, K; Yamamoto, A, 2002)		0.31
" The results of this pilot study thus provide only weak evidence that coating of titanium implants with RGD peptides in the present form and dosage may increase periimplant bone formation in the alveolar process."( Effect of RGD peptide coating of titanium implants on periimplant bone formation in the alveolar crest. An experimental pilot study in dogs.
Dard, M; Hoogestraat, D; Meyer, J; Rössler, S; Scharnweber, D; Schliephake, H; Sewing, A, 2002)		0.31
" To achieve this goal, a frequently used cell adhesion peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) was covalently incorporated into poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEODA) hydrogel and its dosage effect (0."( The effect of incorporating RGD adhesive peptide in polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel on osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells.
Elisseeff, J; Lee, H; Manson, PN; Wang, DA; Williams, CG; Yang, F, 2005)		0.33
" It was concluded that the targeting properties of the prepared delivery system would potentially improve the therapeutic benefits of combretastatin A4 compared with nontargeted liposomes or solution dosage forms."( A tumor vasculature targeted liposome delivery system for combretastatin A4: design, characterization, and in vitro evaluation.
Kiani, MF; Moore, BM; Nallamothu, R; Pattillo, CB; Scott, RC; Thoma, LA; Wood, GC, 2006)		0.33
"These studies provide critical insights regarding Ad5-delta24-RGD dosing and anticipated toxicity for a planned clinical trial for ovarian cancer."( Identifying the safety profile of a novel infectivity-enhanced conditionally replicative adenovirus, Ad5-delta24-RGD, in anticipation of a phase I trial for recurrent ovarian cancer.
Alvarez, RD; Aurigemma, R; Broadt, T; Curiel, DT; Harris, R; Makhija, S; Noker, PE; Page, JG; Polley-Nelson, J; Schweikart, K; Tian, B; Tomaszewski, J; Wang, M, 2007)		0.34
" Brain targeted delivery was achieved and a reduction in dosage might be allowed."( Body distributioin of RGD-mediated liposome in brain-targeting drug delivery.
Chen, B; Chen, D; Hu, H; Qiao, M; Qin, J; Zhao, X, 2007)		0.34
" In an ovariectomized mouse osteoporotic model, at an oral dosage of 110."( Synthesis, evaluation and 3D QSAR analysis of novel estradiol-RGD octapeptide conjugates with oral anti-osteoporosis activity.
Liu, J; Peng, S; Zhang, X; Zhao, M, 2009)		0.35
" RDF migration on and within collagen was increased with RDG-grafted collagen and decreased with RGD-grafted collagen, and dose-response experiments indicated a biphasic response of RDF migration to adhesion."( Positively and negatively modulating cell adhesion to type I collagen via peptide grafting.
Fernandes, AV; Monteiro, GA; Shreiber, DI; Sundararaghavan, HG, 2011)		0.37
" Repetitive dosing in a cohort of 14 dogs, at the defined optimal dose, was well tolerated and led to objective tumor regression in two dogs (14%), stable disease in six (43%), and disease progression in six (43%) via Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)."( Launching a novel preclinical infrastructure: comparative oncology trials consortium directed therapeutic targeting of TNFalpha to cancer vasculature.
Arap, W; Hajitou, A; Hanna, E; Henry, C; Kachala, S; Khanna, C; Leblanc, A; Libutti, SK; Mazcko, C; Newman, S; Paoloni, MC; Pasqualini, R; Sorenmo, K; Tandle, A; Thamm, D; Vail, D, 2009)		0.35
" Because endostatin has relatively shorter serum half-life, frequent dosing was required for inhibiting tumor growth."( Inhibition of ovarian cancer by RGD-P125A-endostatin-Fc fusion proteins.
Jing, Y; Lu, H; Ramakrishnan, S; Subramanian, IV; Wu, K, 2011)		0.37
" In due course, the strategy embodied in conjugate 1 could allow for more precise monitoring of dosage levels, as well as an improved understanding of cellular uptake and release mechanisms."( Direct fluorescence monitoring of the delivery and cellular uptake of a cancer-targeted RGD peptide-appended naphthalimide theragnostic prodrug.
Bhuniya, S; Han, JH; Kang, C; Kim, JS; Kim, JY; Lee, MH; Sessler, JL, 2012)		0.38
"To mimic the clinic dosing pattern, initially administering high loading dose and then low maintenance dose, we designed a novel poly(2-(pyridin-2-yldisulfanyl)ethyl acrylate) (PDS) based nanoparticle delivery system."( pH and redox dual responsive nanoparticle for nuclear targeted drug delivery.
K C, RB; Thapa, B; Xu, P, 2012)		0.38
" In tumor-targeting experiments against the IGROV-1/Pt1 human ovarian carcinoma xenotransplanted in nude mice, compound 11 exhibited a superior activity compared with paclitaxel, despite the lower (about half) molar dosage used."( Synthesis and biological evaluation (in vitro and in vivo) of cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptidomimetic-paclitaxel conjugates targeting integrin αVβ3.
Arosio, D; Belvisi, L; Carenini, N; Castiglioni, V; Colombo, R; De Cesare, M; Gennari, C; Mingozzi, M; Perego, P; Piarulli, U; Scanziani, E; Zaffaroni, N, 2012)		0.38
"The pharmacokinetic profiles of intravitreal administration HM-3 provide the basis for the development of reasonable dosing regimens of clinical choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treatment."( Pharmacokinetics of HM-3 after intravitreal administration in mice.
Hu, J; Li, W; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Shen, H; Xia, X; Xie, P; Xu, H; Yuan, D; Yuan, S, 2014)		0.4
" Finally, no significant cytotoxicity of the blood system or major organs of the drug-loaded liposomes was observed under treatment dosage in the safety evaluation."( Multifunctional Tandem Peptide Modified Paclitaxel-Loaded Liposomes for the Treatment of Vasculogenic Mimicry and Cancer Stem Cells in Malignant Glioma.
Gao, H; He, Q; Liu, Y; Mei, L; Qiu, Y; Shi, K; Xu, C; Yang, Y; Yu, Q; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2015)		0.42
"879) with the dosage within a certain range."( Inhibitory Effects of PEI-RGD/125I-(αv) ASODN on Growth and Invasion of HepG2 Cells.
Cai, H; Luo, Q; Lv, Z; Qiao, Y; Sun, M; Yang, Y; Yuan, S; Yuan, X, 2015)		0.42
" The substrate coupling strength of the RGD peptides, which is dependent on the electrostatic interactions between the APTES-treated glass substrate and the cit-AuNPs, is simply tuned by changing the APTES dosage and, hence, the resultant positive charge density on the surface."( Substrate Coupling Strength of Integrin-Binding Ligands Modulates Adhesion, Spreading, and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Bian, L; Choi, CK; Wang, B; Xu, YJ; Zhang, L; Zhu, M, 2015)		0.42
" Because of the enhanced biocompatibility resulting from the glycine modification, over 80% of the cells survived, even though the dosage of glycine-modified polymeric nanobubbles was up to 5 mg/mL."( Targeted Soft Biodegradable Glycine/PEG/RGD-Modified Poly(methacrylic acid) Nanobubbles as Intelligent Theranostic Vehicles for Drug Delivery.
Guo, J; Li, Y; Wan, J; Wang, C; Zhang, Z, 2017)		0.46
" We then demonstrate the feasibility of analyzing the response of hMSCs to a stable concentration gradient of soluble factors such as inflammatory stimuli for potential future use in potency analyses, minimizing the amount of sample required for dose-response testing."( Enabling mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulatory analysis using scalable platforms.
García, AJ; García, JR; Lam, WA; Mannino, RG; Schneider, RS; Williams, EK, 2019)		0.51
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
oligopeptideA peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.88760.031622.3146100.0000AID588579
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Integrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)168.85710.00010.632310.0000AID1159172; AID1159175; AID217306; AID220467; AID32990; AID91595; AID92813
Integrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)830.00000.00010.72528.0000AID1159174
Integrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)17.50000.00010.625610.0000AID1159172; AID1159173; AID217306; AID220467
Integrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)287.50000.00010.730910.0000AID1159175; AID32990; AID91595; AID92813
Integrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)830.00000.00011.40828.0000AID1159174
Integrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)38.00000.00010.33725.4000AID1159173
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (147)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate junction assemblyIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storageIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid transportIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of osteoblast proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
heterotypic cell-cell adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
tube developmentIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
wound healingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic cell clearanceIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone resorptionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorptionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
mesodermal cell differentiationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic processIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative chemotaxisIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of serotonin uptakeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis involved in wound healingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet aggregationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation, fibrin clot formationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structureIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trappingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of trophoblast cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of extracellular matrix organizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic processIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
stress fiber assemblyIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-independent cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulseIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activityIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmissionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
reactive gliosisIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycleIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of mitotic spindle orientationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesisIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosisIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular defense responseIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion moleculesIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte cell-cell adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
muscle organ developmentIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
myoblast fusionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell migrationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
visual learningIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of collagen catabolic processIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast migrationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell migrationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
formation of radial glial scaffoldsIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
CD40 signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell projection organizationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium assemblyIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organizationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
heterotypic cell-cell adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Rho protein signal transductionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of blood-brain barrierIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of GTPase activityIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
sarcomere organizationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
myoblast differentiationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron differentiationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vasoconstrictionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
mesodermal cell differentiationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
myoblast fate specificationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
axon extensionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite morphogenesisIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte tethering or rollingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell differentiationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac cell fate specificationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulusIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
basement membrane organizationIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of wound healingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membraneIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse pruningIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of anoikisIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activityIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesisIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
vasculogenesisIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storageIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
cell migrationIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid transportIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of osteoblast proliferationIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
heterotypic cell-cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
endodermal cell differentiationIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic cell clearanceIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic processIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phagocytosisIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
negative chemotaxisIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transductionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta productionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
entry into host cell by a symbiont-containing vacuoleIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligandIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intracellular signal transductionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of entry of bacterium into host cellIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte migrationIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
angiogenesisIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
angiogenesisIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate junction assemblyIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion moleculesIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte cell-cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancyIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
memoryIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
CD40 signaling pathwayIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
heterotypic cell-cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
endodermal cell differentiationIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesisIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of anoikisIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell migrationIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
endodermal cell differentiationIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
stress fiber assemblyIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell-cell adhesionIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesionIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (37)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
fibroblast growth factor bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
C-X3-C chemokine bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor I bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
neuregulin bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
fibronectin bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein disulfide isomerase activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
coreceptor activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion molecule bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
C-X3-C chemokine bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activityIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
fibronectin bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
actin bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
coreceptor activityIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion molecule bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
collagen binding involved in cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding involved in cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
laminin bindingIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
opsonin bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast growth factor bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
C-X3-C chemokine bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor I bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
neuregulin bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activityIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
fibronectin bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated calcium channel activityIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
coreceptor activityIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix protein bindingIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activityIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor bindingIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor bindingIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 bindingIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activityIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (70)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
glutamatergic synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junctionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
filopodium membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta3 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
melanosomeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
glycinergic synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-vitronectin complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
ruffleIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membraneIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
intercalated discIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodiumIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
filopodiumIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junctionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cleavage furrowIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha1-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha2-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha4-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha5-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha6-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha9-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha10-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheath abaxonal regionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemmaIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
melanosomeIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membraneIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell projectionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapseIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapseIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha3-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha7-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha8-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha11-beta1 complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
synapseIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
membraneIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium membraneIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
filopodium membraneIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membraneIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta1 complexIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta3 complexIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta5 complexIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta6 complexIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta8 complexIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule membraneIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicleIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complexIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complexIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complexIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-V Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complexIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
blood microparticleIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junctionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
ruffleIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicleIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alpha5-beta1 complexIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-vitronectin complexIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta5 complexIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicleIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complexIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-5Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (13)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1159182Inhibition of alphavbeta3 integrin-mediated cell adhesion in HUVEC after 15 mins by matrigel assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 57, Issue:13
Rational improvement of the affinity and selectivity of integrin binding of grafted lasso peptides.
AID91595Inhibition of integrin alphaIIb-beta3 binding2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 44, Issue:19
Determination of the binding specificity of an integral membrane protein by saturation transfer difference NMR: RGD peptide ligands binding to integrin alphaIIbbeta3.
AID1159181Inhibition of alphavbeta3 integrin-mediated capillary tube formation in HUVEC after 16 hrs by matrigel assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 57, Issue:13
Rational improvement of the affinity and selectivity of integrin binding of grafted lasso peptides.
AID1159174Inhibition of fibronectin binding to human alpha5beta1 integrin after 1 hr by ELISA2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 57, Issue:13
Rational improvement of the affinity and selectivity of integrin binding of grafted lasso peptides.
AID1159175Inhibition of fibrinogen binding to human alpha2b/beta3 integrin after 1 hr by ELISA2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 57, Issue:13
Rational improvement of the affinity and selectivity of integrin binding of grafted lasso peptides.
AID1159176Selectivity ratio IC50 for human alpha2b/beta3 integrin to IC50 for human alphaVbeta3 integrin2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 57, Issue:13
Rational improvement of the affinity and selectivity of integrin binding of grafted lasso peptides.
AID217306Inhibition of binding to human Vitronectin receptor (integrin alphaV-beta3)2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-04, Volume: 46, Issue:25
Molecular model of the alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin.
AID220467Displacement of a non-peptide radioligand from human recombinant alphaV-beta3 integrin2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-07, Volume: 12, Issue:1
Nonpeptide alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists. Part 2: constrained glycyl amides derived from the RGD tripeptide.
AID1174048Antiplatelet activity in citrated human platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation incubated for 10 mins at 37 degC by light transmission aggregometry2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23
'Click' glycosylation of peptides through cysteine propargylation and CuAAC.
AID32990Inhibition of human alphaIIb-beta3 integrin in platelet aggregation assay2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-04, Volume: 46, Issue:25
Molecular model of the alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin.
AID1159172Inhibition of vitronectin binding to human alphaVbeta3 integrin after 2 hrs by ELISA2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 57, Issue:13
Rational improvement of the affinity and selectivity of integrin binding of grafted lasso peptides.
AID92813Inhibition of rate of ADP-stimulated gel-filtered human platelet aggregation mediated by integrin alphaIIb beta-3 in PLAGGIN assay2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-07, Volume: 12, Issue:1
Nonpeptide alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists. Part 2: constrained glycyl amides derived from the RGD tripeptide.
AID1159173Inhibition of vitronectin binding to human alphaVbeta5 integrin after 1 hr by ELISA2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 57, Issue:13
Rational improvement of the affinity and selectivity of integrin binding of grafted lasso peptides.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (4,410)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199051 (1.16)18.7374
1990's964 (21.86)18.2507
2000's1429 (32.40)29.6817
2010's1742 (39.50)24.3611
2020's224 (5.08)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.77

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.77 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.43 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.01 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index10.37 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.77)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials17 (0.37%)5.53%
Reviews224 (4.92%)6.00%
Case Studies10 (0.22%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other4,305 (94.49%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
The Use of Adhesion Molecule Loaded Hydrogel With Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique in Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defect (Randomized Clinical and Biochemical Study) [NCT05653245]Phase 1/Phase 245 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-03-15Completed
Phase I Open Label Trial of Pharmacokinetics and Safety of 99mTc Niacinamide Polyethylene Glycol Bicyclic RGD Peptide (99mTc-3PRGD2) Injection in Healthy Volunteers [NCT03974685]Phase 110 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-12Completed
An Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Technetium [99mTc] Hydrazinonicotinamide PEGylated Bicyclic RGD Peptide Injection in a Multicenter, Open, Self-controlled Clinical Trial for the Lymph Node Metastasis in Lung Tumors [NCT04233476]Phase 3409 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-10-12Completed
Targeted PET/CT and PET/MRI Imaging of Vascular Inflammation [NCT02995642]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-10-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Resources not secured)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		2.7230non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		2.4920amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.7430ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.0510monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		2.0210ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		2.44206-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.4720guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
curdlan
D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.		2.2110hexose
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		2.0210azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
arsenic acid
arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.		2.2510arsenic oxoacidEscherichia coli metabolite
beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.6830amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzene
[no description available]		2.4620aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		1.9910benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		3.3660amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		2.2110halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
cadaverine
[no description available]		1.9910alkane-alpha,omega-diamineDaphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		1.9910amino-acid anion
carnitine
[no description available]		4.120amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		3.4970alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		2.0810cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.110tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.4220chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.7930coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
2,3-diaminopropionic acid
3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group.		1.9910alanine derivative;
amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid;
diamino acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.8130trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		2.1110medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		2.5120(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		2.05102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		2.4920amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		5.254802-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.9140sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		1.9710aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glutaric acid
glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.		2.2510alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		4.66260alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		3.3560alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
glycocyamine
glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.		2.0210guanidinoacetic acids;
zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		210aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		2.9440elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.7430benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		2.2110imidazole
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		2.1710diatomic iodinenutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		2.0310hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
pipecolic acid
pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.		2.110piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.2110dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.		2.48202-oxo aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naphthalene
[no description available]		2.0610naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		3.4170metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.4920pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		2.2510monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitroxyl
nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.		2.0110nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.4820monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
oxalic acid
Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.		1.9910alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		2.520long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.4420phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.		2.0810phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		2.4720phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		2.4420saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		2.110azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		2.4320N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
spermine
[no description available]		2.0210polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.0610alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.2660isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.1310p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid
1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is cyclohexanecarboxylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 1.		2.1310alpha-amino acid
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.0110aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		1.9810alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
aminopropionitrile
Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.		1.9910aminopropionitrileantineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
collagen cross-linking inhibitor;
plant metabolite
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		2.0310acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
albendazole
[no description available]		2.0610aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		1.99101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
aluminum fluoride
[no description available]		2.110aluminium coordination entity
theophylline
[no description available]		3.0810dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		3.4920benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
azobenzene
azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.		2.7430azobenzenes
benzamidine
benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.		1.9910benzenes;
carboxamidine		serine protease inhibitor
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		2.0610aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
caffeine
[no description available]		210purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.2110aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
beta-glycerophosphoric acid
beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro. glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position.		2.4820glycerol monophosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.0110benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.6930aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		1.9810organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.0210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cystamine
[no description available]		2.0310organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.4620indolesfluorochrome
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		2.4120amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.5380pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
benzophenone
benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		210benzophenonesphotosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		2.110branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
n(6),n(6)-dimethyladenine
N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenine : A tertiary amine that is adenine substituted at N-6 by geminal methyl groups.		210tertiary amine
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		3.6590
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		2.110anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		2.4420aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		2.4920nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		2.0510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.0610
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.9340dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.2960carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide
[no description available]		1.9810isoquinolines;
sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		2.4220isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.4920monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.3920aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		2.0310organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		210azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		2.1510catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		4.120alkylbenzene
lauric acid
dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.		2.0110medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		2.4220biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.7230chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		2.2110guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methacrylic acid
methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.		2.1510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.420aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		2.2110dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
ml 7
ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).		2.0510N-sulfonyldiazepane;
organoiodine compound		EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
monodansylcadaverine
monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.		1.9910aminonaphthalene;
primary amino compound;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
protective agent
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0110benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		2.6930maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
activins
Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.		2.9140
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		210C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		2.0510benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		3.1250aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		1.9910aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
oxophenylarsine
oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.		1.9910arsine oxidesantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		1.9910azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		2.2110inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		2.0210aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ag 1879
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor		2.4320aromatic amine;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazolopyrimidine		beta-adrenergic antagonist;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		210benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.0410phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		2.1310
iodoacetic acid
Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.		1.9810haloacetic acid;
organoiodine compound		alkylating agent
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		2.2110long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
temozolomide
[no description available]		3.2550imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		1.9810N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		2.110chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tyramine
[no description available]		2.3110monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		2.7730mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		2.061011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		2.0710glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		3.1450pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.96404-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		4.55702-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		2.4220ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		2.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
aldosterone
[no description available]		2.011011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		2.0810non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		2.11011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		2.11017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		2.13102-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.4620chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		4.03140alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		3.5180L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		1.9910C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		6.47330aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		4.53230aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		2.7230pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		210ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		5.95340adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.7130pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		4.2450D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.7230phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		4.67280ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		7.4480amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.9540amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline
[no description available]		2.0310anilines;
primary arylamine
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.4420lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		2.730aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		1.9910
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		3.1150amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		2.4120alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		3.4980antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		3.690diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		2.0310organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.4320formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
cytarabine
[no description available]		2.4420beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		2.4920non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		2.6930amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		3.1450amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.420L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.9340amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		3.5280erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		6.93370arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		2.0710alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
acetylene
[no description available]		2.4720alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
boranes
Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.		2.610boranes;
mononuclear parent hydride
cyclopropane
cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.		2.4720cycloalkane;
cyclopropanes		inhalation anaesthetic
tert-butylhydroperoxide
tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.		1.9810alkyl hydroperoxideantibacterial agent;
oxidising agent
divinyl sulfone
divinyl sulfone: cross-linking reagent for agarose gels. divinyl sulfone : A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.		2.1710sulfonecross-linking reagent
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		2.4320alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
acrylamide
[no description available]		2.4320acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		4.06140alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		2.0610bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
rhodamine b
rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.		3.250organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome;
histological dye
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.1710pyrrolidin-2-ones
tolonium chloride
Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.		2.4220
ethylene dimethacrylate
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.4920enoate esterallergen;
cross-linking reagent;
polymerisation monomer
nitrobenzene
nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.		2.0510nitroarene;
nitrobenzenes
styrene
Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.		2.3110styrenes;
vinylarene;
volatile organic compound		mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite
benzonitrile
benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.2110benzenes;
nitrile
caprolactam
Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0310caprolactamshuman blood serum metabolite
allylamine
Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.		2.4620alkylamine
succinic anhydride
[no description available]		2.0310cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
tetrahydrofurandione
maleic anhydride
Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.		2.110cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
furans		allergen
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		3.1650pyrrole;
secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran
oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.		2.4220cyclic ether;
oxolanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		3.1650mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide
[no description available]		2.0510
piperidine
[no description available]		1.9910azacycloalkane;
piperidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
secondary amine		base;
catalyst;
human metabolite;
non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
protic solvent;
reagent
morpholine
[no description available]		2.0510morpholines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		NMR chemical shift reference compound
octadecyltrichlorosilane
[no description available]		2.0110
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.0710polyazaalkanecopper chelator
propylene
propylene: structure		2.110alkene;
gas molecular entity		refrigerant;
xenobiotic
isoquinoline
[no description available]		2.0610azaarene;
isoquinolines;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene
nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)		2.7230NTA;
tricarboxylic acid		carcinogenic agent;
nephrotoxic agent
hexyl methacrylate
hexyl methacrylate: used to make monolithic columns		2.0810
iminodiacetic acid
iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0210amino dicarboxylic acid;
glycine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		chelator
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		1.9810purine nucleoside
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt
Chymopapain: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.		1.9910organosulfur compound;
sulfonic acid derivative
aziridine
[no description available]		2.0710azacycloalkane;
aziridines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		alkylating agent
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		3.0240catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
homoarginine
L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.		1.9910homoarginine;
L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		biomarker;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
rat metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		2.1510ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.7230azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		2.0210acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.4620indazole
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.0110adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.0210cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		2.7130isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		4.12401,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		4.171601,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.0110diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium
Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.		2.0310organic cation
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		3.6590azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
paraoxon
[no description available]		2.0110aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
dexamethasone 21-phosphate
dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		glucocorticoid receptor agonist
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.4620organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
perfluorobutane
perfluorobutane: component of the echo contrast agent, BR14, which consists of perfluorobutane gas microbubbles. perflubutane : A fluorocarbon that is butane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. Microbubbles of preflubutane are used in the ultrasound contrast agent BR14.		2.1310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon;
gas molecular entity		ultrasound contrast agent
perflexane
perfluorohexane : A fluoroalkane that is hexane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		2.2110fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
radioopaque medium
hexafluorobenzene
[no description available]		2.1110fluorobenzenes;
fluorocarbon		NMR chemical shift reference compound
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.4920haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.0410bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		210imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		2.5220monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.4920calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
phthalimidine
phthalimidine: structure given in first source. isoindolin-1-one : A member of the class of isoindoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole in which the hydrogens at positon 1 are replaced by an oxo group.		2.0810gamma-lactam;
isoindoles
reticulin
Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.		2.0310benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline;
isoquinolinol		plant metabolite
ninhydrin
Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
indanones;
ketone hydrate		colour indicator;
human metabolite
2-norbornene
norbornene : A bridged compound that is cyclohexane with a methylene bridge between carbons 1 and 4 and a double bond at position 2.		2.8830
caprolactone
hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.7730epsilon-lactone
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		3.1310
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		2.9340thiazolidine
luminol
Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.		1.9710
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.		2.0310carbodiimideATP synthase inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
peptide coupling reagent
maleimide
[no description available]		3.95120dicarboximide;
maleimides		EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.4320dialdehydebiomarker
myristic acid
Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0210long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		1.9810organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0110organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.2510
aniline mustard
Aniline Mustard: Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent.		2.1510
trimesic acid
trimesic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that consists of benzene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 5.		2.0410benzoic acids;
tricarboxylic acid
glycyl-glycyl-glycine
glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.		2.0510tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
congo red
Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.		2.4620bis(azo) compound
2-naphthylacetic acid
2-naphthylacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthylacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid carrying a carboxy group at position 2.		2.0710naphthylacetic acid
succinimide
succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5.		2.2110dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone
diphenylamine
Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.		2.5120aromatic amine;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
antioxidant;
carotogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
2-pyrrolidone
2-pyrrolidone: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidin-2-one : The simplest member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones, consisting of pyrrolidine in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. The lactam arising by the formal intramolecular condensation of the amino and carboxy groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).		2.1110pyrrolidin-2-onesmetabolite;
polar solvent
2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate
2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.		1.99102'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		fundamental metabolite
2-piperidone
2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0410delta-lactam;
piperidones		EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
hexafluoroacetone
hexafluoroacetone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. hexafluoroacetone : A ketone that is acetone in which all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by fluoro groups.		2.0210ketone;
perfluorinated compound		NMR chemical shift reference compound
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		210N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyethyl methacrylate
hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.4520enoate esterallergen;
polymerisation monomer
hexafluoroisopropanol
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.		2.4620organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol		drug metabolite
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.6580pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		4.97360
cadmium sulfide
[no description available]		2.0210cadmium molecular entity
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.0510alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide
Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.		2.8130zinc molecular entity
cupric sulfide
copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		2.3110
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		2.8830
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		3.1750alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pentachloromethylthiobenzene
[no description available]		2.4820
stearylamine
stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.2110primary aliphatic aminefilm-forming compound
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide
Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.		2.0810
1,6-diaminohexane
1,6-diaminohexane: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexane-1,6-diamine : A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.		2.0510alkane-alpha,omega-diaminehuman xenobiotic metabolite
n-isopropylacrylamide
N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands		3.1350
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		3.11502-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
thioflavin t
thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.		2.0610organic chloride saltfluorochrome;
geroprotector;
histological dye
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		2.4220fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
squaric acid
[no description available]		2.0810alicyclic ketone;
carbon oxoacid		metabolite
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		4.76290fluorescein isothiocyanate
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		3.1150D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		3.1501,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.0710amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
lutetium
Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.		3.0140d-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		4.74300elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		2.0210chromium group element atommicronutrient
neon
Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.		2.0610monoatomic neon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
niobium
Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.		2.0310vanadium group element atom
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.8430metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		3.4770elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
rhenium
Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.		3.3260manganese group element atom
rhodium
Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.		2.0510cobalt group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		3.1950iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
scandium
Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.		2.110d-block element atom;
rare earth metal atom;
scandium group element atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		2.1110copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum
Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.		2.8330vanadium group element atom
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		9.01392manganese group element atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		7.39820titanium group element atom
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		2.0810monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
erbium
Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.		2.0810f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
europium
Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.		2.1110f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		4.17150f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		6.041020copper group element atom;
elemental gold
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.		2.0610monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom		food packaging gas
ytterbium
Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.		2.0810f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		3.2250titanium group element atom
cupric chloride
cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		2.110copper molecular entity;
inorganic chloride		EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		2.0610N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.89110delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		2.0810diatomic bromine
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		4.04130calcium phosphate
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		2.9840diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
poloxalene
Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).		3.6220epoxide
sizofiran
Sizofiran: A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.		2.4820
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		2.4420elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
glucoheptonate
glucoheptonic acid : A carbohydrate acid that is heptanoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, and C-7.		2.0510carbohydrate acid;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		4.52220titanium oxidesfood colouring
misonidazole
Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.		2.1110
etorphine
Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.		2.0410
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		4.6260acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides
[no description available]		3.8630halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		4.96120L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		6.04130benzenes;
phenyl acetates
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		2.4720ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		1.98103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		5.6890
alkenes
[no description available]		2.5520
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		4.93110glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
alovudine
[no description available]		2.1110pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		4.55230pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		6.37560taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
substance p
[no description available]		2.6930peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
[no description available]		2.0510hexachlorobiphenyl
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		1.9910butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
fluorescamine
Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.		2.0210
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.9640
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.0510pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.4220alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		3.0440aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
enkephalin, methionine
Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.		2.1310
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		2.0510alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		2.7330acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		2.5820delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.2510hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		2.6830
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		2.1310pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		3.6580organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
atorvastatin
[no description available]		2.2510aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		2.2110carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		5.42110L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
xemilofiban
xemilofiban: SC-54684A was administered as the hydrochloride salt; inhibits platelet glycoprotein GPIIB IIIA receptor; structure given in first source		210
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		1.9910adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		1.9810trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
dimethylhydrazines
Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.		2.0110
edda
EDDA: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethylenediaminediacetic acid : An ethylenediamine derivative in which two of the four amine protons of ethylenediamine are replaced by carboxymethyl groups.		2.4520amino dicarboxylic acid;
ethylenediamine derivative;
glycine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
chelator
isothiocyanic acid
[no description available]		2.4720hydracid;
one-carbon compound
caloreen
caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.		2.0410
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.3920D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
cyclam
cyclam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4820azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		3.2860organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		3.0240flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		2.0610xanthene dyefluorochrome
25-hydroxycholesterol
[no description available]		2.071025-hydroxy steroid;
oxysterol		human metabolite
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate		2.0210
1,2-distearoyllecithin
[no description available]		2.1510
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		2.0210iodine oxoacid
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.110glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tetraiodothyroacetic acid
tetraiodothyroacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is thyroacetic acid carrying four iodo substituents at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5'.		2.96402-halophenol;
aromatic ether;
iodophenol;
monocarboxylic acid		apoptosis inducer;
human metabolite;
thyroid hormone
web 2086
WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist		1.9810organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
methacycline
[no description available]		1.98101,2-diglyceride
naphthalimides
Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.		2.0710
benzeneboronic acid
[no description available]		2.9130boronic acids
benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole
[no description available]		2.0610
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		3.921201,2,3-triazole
tangeretin
tangeretin: structure given in first source; from citrus plants; inhibits invasion of MO4 mouse cells into embryonic chick heart in vitro. tangeretin : A pentamethoxyflavone flavone with methoxy groups at positions 4', 5, 6 , 7 and 8.. pentamethoxyflavone : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a five methoxy groups.		2.2510pentamethoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
delphinidin
Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.		2.1110anthocyanidin chloride
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		8.32012-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
4-aminobenzyl alcohol
4-aminobenzyl alcohol: structure		2.0110
glutarimide
[no description available]		2.0410dicarboximide;
piperidones
tocophersolan
tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.8330tocol
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.2110bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
glycyl-histidyl-lysine
glycyl-histidyl-lysine: found in human plasma; promotes proliferation of hepatoma cells, lymphocytes & mycoplsma; maintains viability of hepatocytes, eosinophils and macrophages; inhibits growth of glial cells; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His-Lys : A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence.		210tripeptidechelator;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
vulnerary
dicetylphosphate
dicetylphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dicetyl hydrogen phosphate : The dihexadecyl ester of phosphoric acid.		2.0710dialkyl phosphate
2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid
alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.		2.0810alanine derivative;
alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		human urinary metabolite
6-carboxyfluorescein
6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein		2.7430monocarboxylic acid
alanylglycine
alanylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.610
tricine
N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.15 at 20 degreeC.		2.0110tricine
n-hydroxysuccinimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure		4.0940
lotrafiban
[no description available]		2.4920
tridodecylmethylammonium
tridodecylmethylammonium: quaternary amine which forms molecular bond with heparin & can attach firmly to a polyvinyl chloride surface for a nonthrombogenic bypass cannula; RN given refers to chloride		1.9810
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine: reagent for making polymers; structure in first source		2.0310
n-acryloyl-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
N-acryloyl-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane: structure: CH2=CH-CO-NH-C(CH2OH)3		2.0110
biocytin
biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine.		2.2110azabicycloalkane;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-lysine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thiabicycloalkane;
ureas		mouse metabolite
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		15.691741iditolfungal metabolite
cadmium telluride
cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device		3.1950
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		2.0810amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fluoromisonidazole
[no description available]		2.1110
alanyltyrosine
alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Ala-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.4620dipeptidemetabolite
norcantharidin
norcantharidin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpds without isomeric designation		2.2110furofuran
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		6.36570D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
10-hydroxycamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0810pyranoindolizinoquinoline
aminoproline
aminoproline: structure in first source		2.520
3,4-dehydroproline
3,4-dehydroproline: RN given refers to cpd without stereoisomeric designation		2.0110
coumarin 6
coumarin 6: structure in first source		2.51207-aminocoumarinsfluorochrome
n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate
N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate: heterobifunctional reagent		2.0310
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl.		3.0140phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion;
phosphatidylethanolamine		human metabolite
lanthionine
lanthionine: a thioether analogue of cystine; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS). lanthionine : An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage.		2.2110alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		bacterial metabolite
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source		2.4220polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
yttrium radioisotopes
Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.		3.5580
chlorates
Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.		2.3920chlorine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		2.4420aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		2.0110
paxilline
paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.		3.89120diterpene alkaloid;
enone;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
terpenoid indole alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		anticonvulsant;
Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		2.1110
pyridinoline
pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure		2.420organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol
[no description available]		2.420
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets		6.01360
beta-hydroxyvaleric acid
3-hydroxypentanoic acid : A short-chain fatty acid that is valeric acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.1103-hydroxy fatty acid;
ketone body;
short-chain fatty acid
1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane
1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane: structure in first source		2.0810
tryptoline
tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310beta-carbolines
procyanidin
Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.		2.0810proanthocyanidin
carboxyamido-triazole
carboxyamido-triazole: structure given in first source; coccidiostat; U.S. patent No. 4,590,201		1.9910
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		2.4202-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		4.1850short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
tanshinone
tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent		7.5820abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone: do not confuse with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl or with Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl, both sometimes also referred to as PPACK		3.4920
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-proline
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-proline: can duplicate the binding activity of fibronectin vitronectin; RN given refers to ALL-L isomer		6.16420
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0110hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		2.1110fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pentosidine
pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.		210imidazopyridine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		biomarker;
cross-linking reagent
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.		4.63250azamacrocyclechelator;
copper chelator
rges peptide
[no description available]		3.4980
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetate
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate: RN refers to Na salt		2.9940
hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate
N-(4-azidobenzoyloxy)succinimide: structure in first source		1.9810
celastrol
[no description available]		2.3110monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
metabolite
diphenylphosphorazidate
diphenylphosphorazidate: reagent for racemization-free peptide synthesis; structure		210
glycyl-prolyl-arginyl-proline
glycyl-prolyl-arginyl-proline: synthetic peptide which prevents polymerization of fibrin molecules; a fibrin A-knob mimetic		2.1310
galactosyl-(1-3)galactose
galactosyl-(1-3)galactose: RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer		2.0310O-acyl carbohydrate
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine
N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.		210L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antigen
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: synthetic peptide from fibronectins; inhibits experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells		4.77310
polytrimethylene carbonate
trimethylene carbonate: structure in first source		2.520
interleukin-1beta (163-171)
interleukin-1beta (163-171): nonapeptide which has in vivo immunostimulating activity		2.0710
phosphohistidine
phosphohistidine: RN given refers to N-phosphono-L-histidine		2.0710
3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate)
3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate): structure given in first source		1.9810
tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginine
tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginine: a synthetic laminin pentapeptide		5.57220
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-triacetic acid
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid: structure given in first source		5.14160
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol		1.9910
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: resembles the RGD peptides; supports receptor-mediated cell adhesion; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 7/90		1.9910
sf 6,5
SF 6,5: structure given in first source; an Arg-Gly-Asp mimetic; inhibits adhesive interactions between tumor cells and Arg-Gly-Arg (RGD)		4.1850
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.520dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
4-nitrophenyl 2-fluoropropionate
4-nitrophenyl 2-fluoropropionate: used for labeling proteins with fluorine		2.4920
n-(2-isobutyl-3-(n'-hydroxycarbonylamido)propanoyl)-o-methyltyrosinemethylamide
N-(2-isobutyl-3-(N'-hydroxycarbonylamido)propanoyl)-O-methyltyrosinemethylamide: RN given refers to the (S-(R*,S*))-isomer		2.0110
2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
[no description available]		2.2510
4-maleimidophenyl isocyanate
4-maleimidophenyl isocyanate: structure given in first source		2.1110
arginine-glycine-aspartate-o-methyltyrosine amide
arginine-glycine-aspartate-O-methyltyrosine amide: competes with fibrinogen for binding to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors		2.4320
glycyl- arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-prolyl-lysine
[no description available]		2.9140
isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine
isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valine: amino acid sequence given in first source; corresponds to an active site on laminin		3.5480
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.4420hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
d-arg-gly-asp-trp
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-tryptophan: a synthetic RGD-containing peptide		1.9810
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		2.1310beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		4.09150amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diamsar chelate
diamsar chelate: structure given in first source; chelating agent, coordinate with metal being chelated		2.0510
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.02120secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a
2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a: a photodynamic sensitizer; structure given in first source		2.0610
vatalanib
[no description available]		2.4320monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid
2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid: RN given for (trans)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0610
3-hydroxyhexanoic acid
3-hydroxyhexanoic acid: abnormal metabolite in urine & serum of diabetic ketoacidotic patients		2.1103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
l 738167
L 738167: structure in first source		210
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		2.0510methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
naphthalenediimide
naphthalenediimide: structure in first source		2.1110
edotreotide
Edotreotide: DOTA - 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanetetracetic acid; structure given in first source; may be labelled with various radioisotopes		2.0810
calcium aluminate
[no description available]		2.0510
ungeremine
ungeremine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.5720
indium trichloride
indium trichloride: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		3.0440chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		2.3110
carbodiimides
Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.		2.9840carbodiimide
pyropheophorbide a
pyropheophorbide a: RN given refers to (3S-trans)-isomer		2.5220
sk&f 107260
SK&F 107260: structure given in first source		2.420
metaperiodate
metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.		2.0210iodine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
fusigen
fusigen: a siderochrome found in Aspergillus; structure		2.5220
glycyl-prolyl-arginine
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		4.39200biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		2.730amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		2.0510
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		2.0310
sb 203580
[no description available]		210imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
cilengitide
Cilengitide: an alphaVbeta3 integrin antagonist that paralyzes cancer cells		5.79110oligopeptide
roxifiban
roxifiban: structure in first source		210
l 767679
L 767679: structure in first source		210
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		2.7330divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
l 734217
L 734217: fibrinogen receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		210
orbofiban
orbofiban: structure in first source		210
1-oxoisoindole
1-oxoisoindole: structure		2.0810
cucurbit(6)uril
cucurbit(6)uril: a macrocyclic cavitand comprising six GLYCOLURIL units; can be used for creating ROTAXANES. cucurbituril : A macrocycle consisting of repeating 2,5-dioxodihydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-1,3,4,6-tetrayl (glycoluril) units linked by methylene groups. The number of glycoluril units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in cucurbit[n]uril name.		2.0710
sorafenib
[no description available]		2.830(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.151012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		2.4320bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
epinastine
dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer		2.1510corticosteroid hormone
anisomycin
Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.		2.4220monohydroxypyrrolidine;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.1510
wortmannin
[no description available]		3.2760acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
bortezomib
[no description available]		2.5920amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
carboplatin
[no description available]		2.1510
mannose-6-phosphate
beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		3.5420D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		4.61260peptide
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		3.1550D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
elastin
[no description available]		7.82301oligopeptide
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		2.4520
laminaran
beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.		210
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		2.9140myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
amastatin
amastatin: structure; inhibits aminopeptidase. amastatin : A tetrapeptide comprising (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl, L-valyl, L-valyl and L-aspartic acid units joined in sequence		1.9910tetrapeptideEC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
protease inhibitor
mannuronic acid
mannuronic acid: hydrolysis product of alginic acids from ALGAE; has anti-inflammatory activity. D-mannopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-mannonic acid.		2.0110D-mannonic acid
tartaric acid
tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.		2.3920tartaric acidEscherichia coli metabolite
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		1.9810cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		2.6830cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
ryanodine
Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.		210
naringin
[no description available]		2.4110(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		3.690tripeptide
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		3.1850cyclodextrin
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.3110butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		3.4170retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.3920icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prostaglandin h2
Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.		2.0110olefinic compound;
oxylipin;
prostaglandins H;
secondary alcohol		mouse metabolite
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.7730resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
latrunculin a
latrunculin A: 16-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin B; structure given in first source. latrunculin A : A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.		2.4220cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide;
oxabicycloalkane;
thiazolidinone		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
toxin
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		2.0310ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		2.5120D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.0610benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine
[no description available]		2.4420oligopeptide
epothilone b
[no description available]		2.5420epothilone;
epoxide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
microtubule-stabilising agent
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		2.1510aromatic amide
epothilone a
Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).		2.5420epothilone;
epoxide		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
eptifibatide
[no description available]		4.8860homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.110retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
n-succinimidyl-4-fluorobenzoate
N-succinimidyl-4-fluorobenzoate: used to label proteins with F(18); structure in first source; RN refers to 18F-labeled isomer		2.0610
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		2.1110aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		2.420actinomycinmutagen
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		2.4520L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
prinomastat
prinomastat: a diazepine-based hydroxamic acid inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; angiogenesis inhibitor;. prinomastat : A hydroxamic acid that is (3S)-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylthiomorpholine-3-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the thiomorpholine nitrogen has been replaced by a [4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl group. It is a selective inhibitor with of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 9, 13, and 14.		2.0110aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid;
pyridines;
sulfonamide;
thiomorpholines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
shikonin
shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities		2.1710hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
zn(ii)-phthalocyanine
[no description available]		2.110metallophthalocyanine;
zinc tetrapyrrole		fluorochrome
glycosides
[no description available]		3.0810
phenyllithium
phenyllithium: structure in first source		2.0610
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		3.6790stilbene
diethyl fumarate
diethyl fumarate : A dieter obtained by the formal condensation of fumaric acid with ethanol.		2.0510diestermetabolite
4-stilbazole
4-stilbazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		210
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.0410
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.0810caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		3.81100aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
rhodanine
2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure		210thiazolidinone
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		210monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		2.7330one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		2.5420cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		3.520thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
tempo
TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.		2.0710aminoxyls;
piperidines		catalyst;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
brij-58
Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.		1.9810
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		2.0310cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
tamoxifen
[no description available]		2.1710stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.110
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester
[no description available]		2.110
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		2.2510amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
[no description available]		1.9910
rtki cpd
RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors		2.4220
sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(4-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate
sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(4-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate: structure given in first source		1.9710
2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid
2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid: structure given in first source		2.0410
cystine
[no description available]		2.7330
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0210N-acylglycine
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-phenylalanine
[no description available]		2.4220
acetyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serinamide
[no description available]		1.9910
nitinol
nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys		2.520
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		2.1710
amanitins
Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.		2.1110
silicon nitride
[no description available]		2.0310
salinomycin
salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1110polyketide;
spiroketal		animal growth promotant;
potassium ionophore
biomer
biomer: segmented polyether polyurethane with properties similar to lycra		1.9810
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.1510
tecoflex
Tecoflex: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		2.0510
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		2.9640
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		2.6930organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
blister
blebbistatin: structure in first source. blebbistatin : A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3a, a methyl group at position 6 and a phenyl group at position 1. It acts as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II.		2.7830cyclic ketone;
pyrroloquinoline;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		inhibitor
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.4620organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid
6-hydrazinonicotinic acid: structure in first source		3.4470
alizarin red s
Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
organosulfonate salt		histological dye
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		3.150
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.5420
osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.		2.7130long-chain fatty acid
3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: structure in first source		2.1510
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.5220organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		2.9340sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		2.13107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.9640prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.0110monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone
7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone: isolated from Astragali radix; structure in first source. calycosin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position.		2.41104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		antioxidant;
metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		2.9140D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		210dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		2.420epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
alprostadil
[no description available]		2.940prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		2.0510prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		3.61907-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
galangin
5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.		2.31107-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		2107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
pterostilbene
[no description available]		2.2510diether;
methoxybenzenes;
stilbenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
neurotransmitter;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
maytansine
Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.		2.5520alpha-amino acid ester;
carbamate ester;
epoxide;
maytansinoid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organochlorine compound		antimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
n,n-dimethylsphingenine
N,N-dimethylsphingosine: a sphingosine kinase inhibitor. N,N-dimethylsphingosine : A sphingoid that is sphingosine in which the two amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.0110aminodiol;
sphingoid;
tertiary amino compound		EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0110cinnamic acids
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		2.3920thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.4320sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
acepreval
acepreval: topical steroid used for skin disease therapy		2.0610corticosteroid hormone
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		2.7330antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
herbimycin
herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.		2.91401,4-benzoquinones;
lactam;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
apoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		1.9810carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		2.46201-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		3.2460cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
calyculin a
calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R*(1S*,3S*,4S*,5R*,6R*,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R*),7beta(E(S*)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer		2.0810
sq 29548
SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist		2.0110
kn 93
KN 93: reduces dopamine content in PC12h cells. KN-93 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.		2.0310monochlorobenzenes;
monomethoxybenzene;
primary alcohol;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid: metabolite of arachidonic acid in blood platelet suspension; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9810hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
trienoic fatty acid		metabolite
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		2.1710phosphatidylcholine(1+)
su 11248
[no description available]		2.5820monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
fosbretabulin
fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source		3.1550
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)		2.3920
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		2.0210alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		1.9910alkali metal atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.7630metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
indium
Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.		2.4920boron group element atom
batimastat
batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.		2.0110hydroxamic acid;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
organic sulfide;
secondary carboxamide;
thiophenes;
triamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.110
ajoene
ajoene: major antiplatelet compound in methanol extract of garlic; also inhibits trypanothione reductase.		2.3820sulfoxide
cytochalasin a
[no description available]		2.0110cytochalasin
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		2.4201,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		2.0510butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
astatine
Astatine: Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES.		2.3110elemental astatine
pyrrolysine
pyrrolysine: encoded by a stop codon in archaea. L-pyrrolysine : A N(6)-acyl-L-lysine having (2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl as the N(6)-acyl group.. pyrrolysine : An N-acyl-amino acid that is lysine in which one of the amino nitrogens at position N6 is replaced by a 3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group.		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
N(6)-acyl-L-lysine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyrrolysine
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		5.33210cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		4.16150carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.7630monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.		2.0210boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan
1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan: structure given in first source		2.9210
phytochlorin
phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source		2.1110
seryl-isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valinamide
seryl-isoleucyl-lysyl-valyl-alanyl-valinamide: laminin-derived SIKVAV-containing peptide can promote angiogenesis & tumor growth		3.5420
n-acetylsphingosine
N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.		210N-acylsphingosine
abscisic acid
Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.		2.03102-trans-abscisic acid
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.		2.2110Cy5 dye;
indolium ion		fluorochrome
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		4.26170cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins		1.9910
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		2.6320chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		3.3460chalcogen;
metalloid atom
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		1.9910
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.0310maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
s-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine: RN given refers to (L-Cys)-isomer; structure given in first source. S-(cis-1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine : An S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in which the dichlorovinyl group has cis- (Z-) geometry.		1.9810S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine
latrunculin b
latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.		2.0510cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide;
oxabicycloalkane;
thiazolidinone		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
toxin
bafilomycin a1
bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.		210cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide antibiotic;
oxanes		apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
fungicide;
potassium ionophore;
toxin
n,n',n''-triacetylfusarinine c
N,N',N''-triacetylfusarinine C: from Mycelia sterilia; ferric ionophore for this organism; structure given in first source		2.1110iron coordination entity;
organonitrogen compound
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine: chemical name in article is incorrect - phosphatidylethandamine instead of phosphatidylethanolamine. dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		2.7130phosphatidylethanolamine
n-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride
N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium: cationic lipid; structure given in first source		2.4120
bacteriochlorophylls
Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.		2.0510
1,3'-diethyl-4,2'-quinolylthiacyanine iodide
cyanine dye 7: structure		2.1710
trisialoganglioside gt1
[no description available]		210
axitinib
[no description available]		2.0310aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
indazoles;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
salvianolic acid B
salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza		2.15101-benzofurans;
catechols;
dicarboxylic acid;
enoate ester;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
osteogenesis regulator;
plant metabolite
beta-escin
[no description available]		2.3920
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		2.1310nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		2.9840gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		2.4520cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
fumagillin
[no description available]		2.0410antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.		2.0410
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		3.0950ammonium ion derivative
galbanic acid
[no description available]		2.6620terpene lactone
bufalin
bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.		2.522014beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid		animal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
cardiotonic drug
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		1.9810phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cholanic acid
cholanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomer designation. cholanic acid : A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.. colanic acid : A polyanionic heteropolysaccharide containing a repeat unit with D-glucose, L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid sugars that are non-stoichiometrically decorated with O-acetyl and pyruvate side-chains		2.0210cholanic acids
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		2.9210
pd 0325901
mirdametinib: has antineoplastic activity; appears to be a MEK inhibitor. PD 0325901 : A hydroxamic acid ester that is benzhydroxamic acid (N-hydroxybenzamide) in which the hydroxamic acid group has been converted to the corresponding 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester and in which the benzene ring has been substituted at position 2 by a (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino group and at positions 3 and 4 by fluorines (the R enantiomer).		2.5120difluorobenzene;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monofluorobenzenes;
organoiodine compound;
propane-1,2-diols;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.12.2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor
dmp 728
DMP 728: structure in first source; RN given refers to the monomethane sulfate		2.3920
jasplakinolide
jasplakinolide: cyclodepsipeptide isolated from marine sponge Jaspis; active against Candida; RN refers to 2S-(2R*,4E,6S*,8R*)-isomer; structure in first source. jaspamide : A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer.		210cyclodepsipeptide;
phenols		actin polymerisation inducer;
animal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
marine metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		2.0510oligopeptide
cyclic(arg-gly-asp-d-phe-val)
[no description available]		210
kla peptide
KLA peptide: a synthetic amphipathic peptide that disrupts mitochondrial membranes when internalized; has antineoplastic activity		2.1710
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		3.1250aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
sb 273005
[no description available]		2.0110
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		2.4420dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
tetrafibricin
tetrafibricin: closely related to polyene macrolide antibiotics; from Streptomyces neyagawaensis; structure given in first source		2.3920
g(m2) ganglioside
G(M2) Ganglioside: A glycosphingolipid that accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in GANGLIOSIDOSES, heredity metabolic disorders that include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE.. ganglioside GM2 (18:0) : A sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.		210N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotriaosylceramide		antigen
zeolites
[no description available]		2.6620
tetramethylrhodamine
tetramethylrhodamine: RN given refers to perchlorate; structure		2.1310xanthene dye
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		210alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		2.7830
kb r8301
[no description available]		210
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		2.0510
ngr peptide
[no description available]		4.670
homocamptothecin
homocamptothecin: a DNA topoisomerase I antagonists, is a semisynthetic analogue of camptothecin (CPT) with a seven-membered beta-hydroxylactone resulting from the insertion of a mehthylene spacer between the alcohol moiety and the carboxyl function of the naturally occurring six-membered alpha-hydroxylactone of CPT; structure in first source		2.5520epsilon-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
ucn 1028 c
calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides		2.420
st 1968
namitecan: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.0510
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		2.4120alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
abt 869
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic amine;
indazoles;
phenylureas		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
monomethyl auristatin e
[no description available]		2.7220
technetium tc 99m exametazime
Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.		1.9910
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		2.3920benzoxazole
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		3.72100
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		4.121301,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		1.9710
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		2.7930
tyrocidine
Tyrocidine: An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.. tyrocidine A : A homodetic cyclic decapeptide consisting of D-Phe, L-Pro, L-Phe, D-Phe, L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Tyr, L-Val, L-Orn, and L-Leu residues coupled in sequence and cyclised head-to-tail.. tyrocidine : A mixtue of homodetic cyclic decapeptides produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus brevis.		2.0110homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
peptide antibiotic		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		2.4920polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		2.0710polypeptide
thymalfasin
Thymalfasin: A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients.		2.0810polypeptide
(4-24)-ply(a)
peptide-Gly-Leu-amide: 21-amino acid peptide from skin secretion of Xenopus laevis; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.1110
lipid-associating peptides
lipid-associating peptides: synthetic peptide with varying amounts of amino acids which dissolve lipid or in the acylated form bind to HDL; activate lecithin acyltransferase enabling body to get rid of cholesterol more easily		3.1210
cs1 peptide
CS1 peptide: used as a diagnostic probe for activity of the type III connecting segment of fibronectin; amino acid sequence given in first source		1.9810
peptite 2000
Peptite 2000: contains Arg-Gly-Asp sequences		2.3920
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		3.3510
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		3.0810peptide hormone
echistatin
echistatin: 49 amino acid residues given in first source; from the venom of the viper Echis		6.83490
eristostatin
eristostatin: disintegrin from venom of Eristocophis macmahoin; inhibits platelet thromboembolism & protects animal from sudden death		3.0950
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		4.85100
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		2.0810
tigapotide
tigapotide: a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 31-45 of PSP94 (prostate secretory protein) that inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion		2.0310
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		210
ristocetin
Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.		4.0140glycopeptide;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
tetrasaccharide derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		4.09140glycoside
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		3.1110
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.8301,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		2.7930chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
sphingosine kinase
[no description available]		2.0110
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		1.9810
chitosan
[no description available]		7.2650
technetium tc 99m sestamibi
Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.		2.0610
arginine butyrate
arginine butyrate: protects against lethal effect of encelphalomyocarditis virus in mice; also used to administer butyrate to stimulate globin gene expression in beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia		4.120
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		1.98103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
merocyanine dye
merocyanine dye: fluorescent dye used for studying axons 2 position on pyrimidine ring may be S or O; RN given refers to Na salt; structure		2.110
oxymatrine
oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects		2.110
mk 2206
MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent		2.2510organic heterotricyclic compoundEC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		3.0440BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		2.7730
trelstar
Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.		2.0510
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		3.3510peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
nonaarginine
[no description available]		2.0510
deslorelin
deslorelin: Ovuplant is tradename for a short-term-release implant containing deslorelin acetate; RN given refers to D-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/90		2.0510oligopeptide
fibrinopeptide a
Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.		2.940
ah 111585
AH 111585: an RGD-based integrin peptide-polymer conjugate for imaging breast cancer		5.2331
mannans
[no description available]		3.520
tetrahydrozoline
2-methylserine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylserine zwitterion : An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 2-methylserine; major species at pH 7.3. 2-methylserine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is serine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
hydroxy-amino acid
glycolipids
[no description available]		4.3230
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		3.5380
thymosin
Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.		2.0810
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		3.5280
fosinopril
Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.		210
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.7230
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		2.0310polypeptide
ysk05
YSK05: a pH-sensitive chemical for aiding in delivery of siRNA; structure in first source		2.1510
heparitin sulfate
Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.		4.1150
arginyl-glycyl-glutamic acid
[no description available]		5.66180oligopeptide
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.6930ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.4220
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		3.85110benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
variabilin
variabilin: an RGD-containing antagonist of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa from the hard tick, Dermacentor variabilis; amino acid sequence given in first source		1.9910
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		5.59230
gastrin-releasing peptide
Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.		2.0810
rhodostomin
rhodostomin: amino acid sequence given in first source; an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing polypeptide purified from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma		4.45220
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		7.36450
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-glutamyl-seryl-proline
[no description available]		5.34180
bananin
bananin: structure in first source		2.0110
2-fluoroethylazide
2-fluoroethylazide: used for click labeling; structure in first source		2.0510
merrifield resin
Merrifield resin: used as support for solid phase synthesis of thiol-terminated peptides		3.1110
rusalatide acetate
rusalatide acetate: peptide sequence: AGYKPDEGKRGDACEGDSGGPFV		2.4420
leiurotoxin i
leiurotoxin I: 3.4kDa peptide from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus venom; potent apamin binding inhibitor; amino acid sequence given in first source		210
g 4120
G 4120: structure given in first source		2.3820
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		210
cobra cardiotoxin proteins
Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins: Most abundant proteins in COBRA venom; basic polypeptides of 57 to 62 amino acids with four disulfide bonds and a molecular weight of less than 7000; causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis.		2.4120
hirudin
Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.		7.55120
ephrin-a5
Ephrin-A5: A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR containing ephrin found in developing tectum. It has been shown to mediate the bundling of cortical axons and repel the axonal growth of retinal ganglia axons. It is found in a variety of adult tissues of BRAIN; HEART; and KIDNEY.		210
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.1110
nc100692
NC100692: structure in first source		3.8321
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		1.9910
ala-thr-trp-leu-pro-pro-arg
Ala-Thr-Trp-Leu-Pro-Pro-Arg: targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor		2.110
asbestos, crocidolite
Asbestos, Crocidolite: A lavender, acid-resistant asbestos.		2.4320
phthalocyanine
phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.		3.140phthalocyanines;
tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor		210
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		2.1110
lewis x antigen
Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.		1.9810
calpastatin
calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).		1.9810polypeptideEC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		2.9840
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-28): binding of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide fragments to glycosaminoglycan is pH-dependent		1.9810
lipofectamine
Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent		2.420
oridonin
[no description available]		2.0710
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		3.5220
as 1411
AGRO 100: an antineoplastic agent that inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB activation; base sequence in first source		2.0510
dodecaborate
dodecaborate: RN given for disodium salt; structure in first source		2.4110
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.0210
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		4.31190
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		2.4820
digitonin
Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.		1.9810
gallium ga 68 dotatate
gallium Ga 68 dotatate: A radioactive diagnostic agent used for POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) imaging of SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR positive neuroendocrine tumors and malignant abdominal paraganglioma.		2.0810
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		2.1710
apyrase
Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.		2.4120
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		3.1350
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		3.3870
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		1.9810
chondroitin sulfates
Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.		4.5170
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		2.41203',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate
Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.		210inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		3.84100folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		2.0610
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.8130dacarbazine
ganciclovir
[no description available]		2.45202-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.3110citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cyanine dye 3
cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source		2.0610
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		440
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		1.9810
octaarginine
octaarginine: structure in first source		2.4720
rada16-i
RADA16-I: a self-assembling peptide nanomaterial used as a scaffold for bone regeneration; composed of alanine, arginine, and aspartic acid		3.0440
temporin
temporin: isolated from frogs Rana temporaria & R. clamitans; has many isoforms; amino acid sequence in first source		2.0710
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		2.4420
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		2.110
tp 9201
TP 9201: a platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 (GPIIb/IIIa) antagonist; a synthetic RGD-containing cyclic peptide; may be effective in prevention of re-thrombosis after thromolytic therapy without adversely affecting hemostasis		2.6830
sk&f 106760
SK&F 106760: RN & structure given in first source; glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist		1.9810
sinoporphyrin sodium
sinoporphyrin sodium: a sensitizing agent for sonodynamic therapy; structure in first source		2.5820
somatomedin b
somatomedin B: not the same as sulfation factor it is growth hormone dependent and has trypsin inhibitor activity; see also record for somatomedin A		3.830
pa22-2
PA22-2: a 19-amino acid synthetic peptide; from the laminin A chain sequence		2.0510
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		06.29160
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		06.29160
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		09.5881
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		09.5881
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		09.9911
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		09.9911
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.3110
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.3110
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		02.3110
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		02.3110
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		09.34731
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		09.34731
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		08.48760
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.5680
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		05.27180
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		014.281703
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		03.5680
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		010.27180
Blood Clot
[description not available]		07.82440
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		07.82440
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		014.842573
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		014.842573
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.3110
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.3110
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		05.4270
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		07.21340
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		07.21340
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		03.89100
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		03.89100
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.6120
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.6120
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		04.63250
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		06.04420
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		04.63250
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		06.04420
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		04.88320
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		04.88320
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		04.4880
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		04.4880
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		03.4670
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		03.4670
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		03.84100
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		03.84100
Choroid Neovascularization
[description not available]		04.82110
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		03.6180
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		03.6180
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.27710
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		05.98250
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		05.98250
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		04.0650
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		04.0650
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		07.09350
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		07.09350
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		03.6330
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		06.46630
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		06.46630
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		05.13430
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		05.13430
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		04.03130
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		04.03130
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		03.73100
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.8130
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.9640
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.9640
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		05.19180
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		02.8730
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		03.5580
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		05.19180
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		02.8730
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		06.33550
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		06.33550
Hydrophobia
[description not available]		02.2510
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		04.0450
Tracheal Stenosis
A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA.		02.2510
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		04.0450
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.9940
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.9940
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		05.14170
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		05.14170
Coxsackie Virus Infections
[description not available]		02.7130
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar
[description not available]		02.7530
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar
A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.7530
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		07.72551
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		07.72551
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		05.5590
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		05.5590
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		04.74100
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		04.74100
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		04.59250
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		04.59250
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		03.4470
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		02.3110
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		03.1650
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		03.1710
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		03.1710
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		03.1710
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		02.7630
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		02.7630
Dry Eye
[description not available]		02.2510
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		02.2510
Metastase
[description not available]		09.4620
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		09.4620
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		03.7330
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		03.1710
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		03.8520
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		03.1710
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		03.1710
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		03.8520
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		03.1710
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		03.7330
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.6790
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.6790
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		03.3620
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		03.3620
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.6790
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		04.36200
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		04.36200
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency
[description not available]		02.3110
Fabry Disease
An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.		02.3110
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid
[description not available]		03.2310
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		03.2310
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		05.4551
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)		03.2310
Wet Macular Degeneration
A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.		03.2310
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		05.59700
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		03.6830
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		03.0140
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.9740
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.9740
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		03.0140
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		03.6730
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		03.4470
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.4270
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		03.4470
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.4270
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		03.5580
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.730
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		03.730
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		04.4580
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		04.9750
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		04.9750
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.5120
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		03.5311
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		04.4200
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		04.4200
Infarct
[description not available]		02.1510
Neurilemoma
[description not available]		02.1510
Neurilemmoma
A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)		02.1510
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		02.1510
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		02.7730
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		02.7730
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.4220
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.4520
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		02.1710
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.9640
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		02.4420
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		02.9640
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.7830
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
[description not available]		02.1710
Carcinoma, Papillary
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.1710
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		02.4920
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		02.4920
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		02.1710
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		02.1710
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		05.69310
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		03.4670
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		03.4670
Astroblastoma
[description not available]		02.1710
Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial
Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5)		02.1710
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		07.11311
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		02.4720
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.4720
Margins of Excision
The edges of tissue removed in a surgery for assessment of the effectiveness of a surgical procedure in achieving the local control of a neoplasm and the adequacy of tumor removal. When the margin is negative or not involved by tumor (e.g., CANCER) it suggests all of the tumor has been removed by the surgery.		02.1710
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		02.1710
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		02.1710
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		06.91370
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		04.8571
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		04.8571
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.2110
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		02.2110
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		02.2110
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		02.2110
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		02.2110
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.7130
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.2110
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		02.2110
Foot and Mouth Disease
[description not available]		04.5490
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.32190
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		05.09160
Infections, Picornaviridae
[description not available]		02.2110
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		02.2110
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		02.2110
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		02.7730
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		02.2110
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		02.2110
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.6930
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.6930
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		03.5580
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		03.1450
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell
Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.		03.4711
Corneal Angiogenesis
[description not available]		02.5220
Corneal Neovascularization
New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.		02.5220
Demineralization, Tooth
[description not available]		02.0810
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.0810
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.0810
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.0810
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.0810
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		03.4570
Pyrexia
[description not available]		03.8721
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		03.8721
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		02.110
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		02.110
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.6590
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		03.3970
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		02.9240
Foreign-Body Reaction
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.		03.4370
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
[description not available]		03.4320
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		03.4320
Degenerative Disc Disease
[description not available]		02.520
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.		02.520
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell
A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.		02.110
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		05.86220
Anoxemia
[description not available]		04.3341
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		04.3341
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		02.5120
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.5120
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		03.420
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		03.420
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		03.1650
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		02.4920
Ache
[description not available]		02.520
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.520
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		02.110
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.1110
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.1110
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.110
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).		02.110
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		02.1110
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		02.7130
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		03.1550
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		02.1110
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		02.7130
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		03.1550
HbS Disease
[description not available]		07.0871
Leg Ulcer
Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.		05.531
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		07.0871
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		03.1450
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		03.1450
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.1110
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.1110
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.1110
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.1110
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.1110
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.		02.1110
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		05.12101
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		02.1110
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		05.12101
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		02.1110
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		02.830
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		02.830
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		02.1110
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		02.1110
Neointima
The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.		02.5320
Neovascularization, Optic Disc
[description not available]		02.5220
Retinal Neovascularization
Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.		02.5220
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		02.1110
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		02.1110
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		02.1310
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.1310
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		02.1310
Pericementitis
[description not available]		02.1110
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		02.1110
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.1110
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		02.1110
Orthopedic Disorders
[description not available]		02.1110
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		02.9640
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		02.4420
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.		02.1110
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		02.9640
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		02.4420
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		02.1110
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.1110
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		02.1110
Dysembryoma
[description not available]		02.4820
Teratoma
A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)		02.4820
Recrudescence
[description not available]		04.131
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		02.1310
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		02.1310
Rhabdomyosarcoma 2
[description not available]		02.1310
Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar
A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults, affecting muscles of the extremities, trunk, orbital region, etc. It is extremely malignant, metastasizing widely at an early stage. Few cures have been achieved and the prognosis is poor. Alveolar refers to its microscopic appearance simulating the cells of the respiratory alveolus. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)		02.1310
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		02.1310
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.4720
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		02.1310
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		02.1310
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.1510
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		02.1510
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.1510
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		03.1250
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		03.1250
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		02.1510
Eye Burns
Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.		02.1510
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.7230
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		02.7230
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver
[description not available]		03.8440
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia
A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.		02.0510
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.		02.0510
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.2660
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		02.0510
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		02.0510
Chondrosarcoma
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0510
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		02.0510
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		02.0510
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.4120
Bordetella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus BORDETELLA.		02.0510
Whooping Cough
A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.		02.4120
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.4220
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.4220
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		02.0510
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.0510
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		02.4320
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		02.4320
Amyloid Deposits
[description not available]		02.0510
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		02.0510
Varices
[description not available]		02.0510
Varicose Veins
Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.		02.0510
Atheroma
[description not available]		02.0510
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		02.4420
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		02.4420
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		02.4620
Osteolysis
Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.		02.4420
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		02.0510
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		02.0510
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		02.0510
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		05.5532
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		05.5532
Ewing Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.4720
Sarcoma, Ewing
A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.		02.4720
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		02.0610
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.		02.0610
Bleeding
[description not available]		04.0930
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		04.0930
Adenovirus Infections
[description not available]		03.1350
Adenoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.		03.1350
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		02.0510
Mandibular Diseases
Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.		02.9710
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		02.0510
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		03.6530
Corneal Diseases
Diseases of the cornea.		02.0510
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		03.6530
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		02.4220
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		02.4220
Cancer of Spleen
[description not available]		02.0510
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		06.48200
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		02.0510
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.4411
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		03.4411
Contagious Pustular Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.0610
Benign Mastocytoma
[description not available]		02.0610
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		03.1150
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		03.1150
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		02.0610
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		02.0610
Lassitude
[description not available]		03.4611
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		03.4611
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		02.0710
Camurati-Engelmann Disease
[description not available]		02.0610
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		02.0710
Carotid Artery Thrombosis
Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.		02.0610
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		02.4420
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.4420
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		02.4520
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		02.0710
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		02.0710
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		02.0610
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		02.0610
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		02.0610
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.0610
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		02.0610
Infection
[description not available]		02.9910
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		02.9910
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		03.2560
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		03.2560
Infections, Chlamydia
[description not available]		02.0710
Chlamydia Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.		02.0710
Alveolar Bone Atrophy
[description not available]		02.0710
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		02.0710
MODS
[description not available]		02.0710
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		02.0710
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		02.0810
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		010.14650
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		010.14650
Adenoma, beta-Cell
[description not available]		02.7230
Insulinoma
A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.		02.7230
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		02.0810
Break-Bone Fever
[description not available]		02.0110
Dengue
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.		02.0110
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0110
Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal
A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA arising primarily in the head and neck, especially the orbit, of children below the age of 10. The cells are smaller than those of other rhabdomyosarcomas and are of two basic cell types: spindle cells and round cells. This cancer is highly sensitive to chemotherapy and has a high cure rate with multi-modality therapy. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)		02.0110
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		02.4120
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		02.4120
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.9140
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		02.9140
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		02.4220
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		02.9210
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.9210
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		02.0110
Neoplastic Processes
The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity.		02.9210
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		02.4220
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		02.0110
Posterior Vitreous Detachment
[description not available]		02.0110
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.0110
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		02.0110
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		02.0110
Embryopathies
[description not available]		02.0110
Deficiency of GP 2b 3a Complex
[description not available]		04.5190
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
[description not available]		02.0110
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic
Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.		02.0110
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive
[description not available]		02.420
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.420
Sclerosis
A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.		02.0110
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		02.6930
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		02.6930
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		02.0210
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		02.0210
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0210
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		02.0210
Neoplasm Seeding
The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.		02.0210
Ductal Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0210
Carcinoma, Ductal
Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.		02.0210
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		02.7130
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		03.3320
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		03.3320
Marfan Syndrome, Type I
[description not available]		02.0210
Marfan Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.		02.0210
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		03.3970
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		03.3970
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		02.940
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		02.940
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		02.420
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		02.420
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.6830
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.0210
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.0210
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		02.0210
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		02.0210
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.4220
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		02.0210
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		02.0210
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		02.0210
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		02.0210
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		02.0210
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		02.0210
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.0210
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.9410
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9410
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.9410
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).		02.9410
Root Resorption
Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0310
Island Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.0310
Adenoma, Islet Cell
A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.		02.0310
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.4120
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.4120
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component
[description not available]		02.0310
Gliosarcoma
Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)		02.0310
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		02.0310
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		02.0310
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		02.0310
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		04.0831
Infections, Vibrio
[description not available]		02.0310
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		02.0310
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		02.0310
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		02.0310
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		02.0310
Prosthesis Durability
[description not available]		02.4420
Abnormality, Torsion
[description not available]		02.0310
Femoral Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FEMUR.		02.0310
Milk-Alkali Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.		02.0310
Cancer of Gallbladder
[description not available]		02.0310
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.		02.0310
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic
[description not available]		02.0310
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular
Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.0410
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		02.4120
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.0410
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.0410
Cyst
[description not available]		02.0410
Dentin, Secondary
Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.		03.3420
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
[description not available]		02.910
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)		02.910
Carcinoma, Embryonal
A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)		02.3920
Erythema Nodosum
An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy.		01.9810
Leprosy, Cutaneous
[description not available]		01.9810
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.3820
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		02.3920
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3920
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.3920
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		02.3920
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		02.3920
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		01.9810
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		01.9810
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		01.9810
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		01.9810
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		01.9810
Diabetic Feet
[description not available]		04.2911
Diabetic Foot
Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.		04.2911
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9810
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		01.9810
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.3920
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		01.9810
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		01.9810
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.420
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.420
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		01.9810
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		01.9810
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.0950
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		03.0950
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.		01.9810
Graft Occlusion, Vascular
Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.		01.9810
Giant Cell Tumors
Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.		01.9810
Hansen Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.		01.9810
B. burgdorferi Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Lyme Disease
An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.		01.9810
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		01.9810
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute
A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.		01.9810
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		01.9810
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		03.320
Arthritides, Bacterial
[description not available]		01.9810
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		02.910
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		02.910
Bacterial Endocarditides
[description not available]		01.9810
Endocarditis, Bacterial
Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.		01.9810
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
[description not available]		01.9910
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
[description not available]		01.9910
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).		01.9910
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative
Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.		01.9910
Schistosoma mansoni Infection
[description not available]		01.9910
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.		01.9910
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute
[description not available]		01.9910
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute
A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.		01.9910
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.3920
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		02.3920
Black Fever
[description not available]		01.9910
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		01.9910
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		02.910
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		02.910
Infections, Meningococcal
[description not available]		01.9810
Meningococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.		01.9810
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		01.9910
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		01.9910
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		01.9910
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		01.9910
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		01.9910
Goldblatt Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
Hypertension, Renovascular
Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.		01.9910
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		01.9910
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		01.9910
Angina at Rest
[description not available]		02.910
Angina, Unstable
Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.910
Fetomaternal Transfusion
Transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9910
Fowl Paralysis
[description not available]		01.9910
Dupuytren's Contracture
[description not available]		01.9910
Dupuytren Contracture
A fibromatosis of the palmar fascia characterized by thickening and contracture of the fibrous bands on the palmar surfaces of the hand and fingers. It arises most commonly in men between the ages of 30 and 50.		01.9910
Uveal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.		01.9910
Deficiency, Factor II
[description not available]		01.9910
Corneal Dystrophies
[description not available]		01.9910
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		02.420
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic
[description not available]		01.9910
Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous
An adenocarcinoma with a hard (Greek skirrhos, hard) structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9910
Carcinoma, Giant Cell
An epithelial neoplasm characterized by unusually large anaplastic cells. It is highly malignant with fulminant clinical course, bizarre histologic appearance and poor prognosis. It is most common in the lung and thyroid. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		01.9910
Polyploid
[description not available]		01.9910
Leukemia, Megakaryocytic
[description not available]		02.3920
Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. MYELOFIBROSIS or increased bone marrow RETICULIN is common.		02.3920
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia
[description not available]		01.9910
Primary Myelofibrosis
A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.		01.9910
B-Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9910
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9910
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		01.9910
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital
[description not available]		02.420
Afibrinogenemia
A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood.		02.420
Vaccinia
The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.		01.9910
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		0210
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		0210
Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic
[description not available]		0210
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
An acute febrile disease occurring predominately in Asia. It is characterized by fever, prostration, vomiting, hemorrhagic phenonema, shock, and renal failure. It is caused by any one of several closely related species of the genus Hantavirus. The most severe form is caused by HANTAAN VIRUS whose natural host is the rodent Apodemus agrarius. Milder forms are caused by SEOUL VIRUS and transmitted by the rodents Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, and the PUUMALA VIRUS with transmission by Clethrionomys galreolus.		0210
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		0210
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		0210
Gangliocytoma
[description not available]		0210
Ganglioneuroblastoma
A moderately malignant neoplasm composed of primitive neuroectodermal cells dispersed in myxomatous or fibrous stroma intermixed with mature ganglion cells. It may undergo transformation into a neuroblastoma. It arises from the sympathetic trunk or less frequently from the adrenal medulla, cerebral cortex, and other locations. Cervical ganglioneuroblastomas may be associated with HORNER SYNDROME and the tumor may occasionally secrete vasoactive intestinal peptide, resulting in chronic diarrhea.		0210
Congenital Epulides
[description not available]		0210
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		0210
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		0210
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		0210
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		0210
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.9210
Hepatitis, Autoimmune
A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.		02.9210
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.3920
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.3920
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		0210
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		0210
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		03.3120
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		03.3120
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		0210
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		0210
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		02.3920
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		02.4120
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4120
Embolus
[description not available]		02.9210
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		02.9210
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)		0210
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		02.0110
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.9210
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.9210
Great Pox
[description not available]		01.9810
Syphilis
A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.		01.9810
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
A familial coagulation disorder characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, unusually large platelets, and impaired prothrombin consumption.		02.8910
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		01.9810
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		01.9710
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy
[description not available]		01.9710
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous
A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.		01.9710
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		02.420
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		02.420
Angiohemophilia
[description not available]		0210
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		0210
von Willebrand Diseases
Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.		0210
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		0210