Compounds > busulfan
Page last updated: 2024-12-04

busulfan

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Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID2478
CHEMBL ID820
CHEBI ID28901
SCHEMBL ID4373
MeSH IDM0003079

Synonyms (228)

Synonym
AC-198
AB00051929-11
AB00051929-10
DIVK1C_000847
KBIO1_000847
NCI60_041640
NCIMECH_000192
bisulfex
busulfano
busulfanum
butane-1,4-diyl dimethanesulfonate
1,4-bis(methanesulfonoxy)butane
tetramethylene bis(methanesulfonate)
CHEBI:28901 ,
SPECTRUM_000092
PRESTWICK_989
tetramethylene {bis[methanesulfonate]}
4-methylsulfonyloxybutyl methanesulfonate
1, {4-bis[methanesulfonoxy]butane}
SPECTRUM5_000928
BSPBIO_001920
methanesulfonic acid, tetramethylene ester
NCGC00090905-01
NCGC00090905-02
1,4-butanediol, dimethanesulphonate
tetramethylenester kyseliny methansulfonove [czech]
1,4-butanediol, dimethanesulfonate
myelosanum
ai3-25012
einecs 200-250-2
busulfex
busulfanum [inn-latin]
busulfano [inn-spanish]
1,4-dimethanesulphonyloxybutane
1,4-butanediol dimethanesulphonate
brn 1791786
myeleukon
ccris 418
1,4-butanediyl dimethanesulfonate
milecitan
tetramethylene dimethane sulfonate
mablin
nsc-750
nsc 750
misulban
1,4-dimethylsulfonoxybutane
busulfan ,
1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate
mielosan
nci-c01592
myeloleukon
myleran
1,4-dimesyloxybutane
buzulfan
busulphan
1,4-dimethanesulfonoxybutane
mielucin
C06862
1,4-dimethanesulfonyloxybutane
sulfabutin
citosulfan
myelosan
mitostan
nsc750 ,
mielevcin
gt 2041
55-98-1
mileran
1,4-dimethylsulfonyloxybutane
g.t. 41
tetramethylene bis[methanesulfonate]
sulphabutin
1,4-bis(methanesulfonyloxy)butane
2041 c. b.
1,4-butanediol dimethylsulfonate
c.b. 2041
cb 2041
wln: ws1&o4osw1
gt 41
an 33501
1,4-bis[methanesulfonoxy]butane
x 149
mylecytan
leucosulfan
DB01008
D00248
busulfan (jp17/usp/inn)
IDI1_000847
NCGC00090905-04
NCGC00090905-05
NCGC00090905-03
NCGC00090905-06
KBIO2_003080
KBIO2_000512
KBIOGR_000698
KBIO2_005648
KBIOSS_000512
KBIO3_001420
SPECTRUM3_000320
SPECTRUM4_000259
SPBIO_000253
SPECTRUM2_000067
NINDS_000847
SPECTRUM1500152
NCGC00090905-07
MLS001076666
smr000058613
HMS2091O09
B1022
inchi=1/c6h14o6s2/c1-13(7,8)11-5-3-4-6-12-14(2,9)10/h3-6h2,1-2h3
covzyzsdywqreu-uhfffaoysa-
CHEMBL820
HMS502K09
FT-0663910
HMS1920I07
AKOS003614975
NCGC00090905-09
NCGC00090905-08
NCGC00090905-10
HMS3259G15
busulfan [usp:inn:ban:jan]
tetramethylenester kyseliny methansulfonove
g1ln9045dk ,
unii-g1ln9045dk
2041 c.b.
hsdb 7605
NCGC00259397-01
tox21_201848
NCGC00254038-01
tox21_300318
nsc755916
nsc-755916
pharmakon1600-01500152
tox21_111038
dtxcid10910
dtxsid3020910 ,
cas-55-98-1
HMS2233H04
CCG-35458
mitosan
busulphane
FT-0623291
NCGC00090905-11
busulfan [ep monograph]
busulfan [who-ip]
busulfan [jan]
busulfan [mi]
busulfan [who-dd]
busulfan [ep impurity]
busulfan [mart.]
busulfan [vandf]
busulfan [usp monograph]
tetramethylene di(methanesulfonate)
busulfan [inn]
busulfan fresenius kabi
busulfan [orange book]
busulfan [ema epar]
busulfanum [who-ip latin]
busulfan [hsdb]
myelosanum [who-ip]
busulfan [iarc]
busilvex
S1692
busulfex iv
4-(methanesulfonyloxy)butyl methanesulfonate
HMS3370E11
gtpl7136
HY-B0245
NC00498
SCHEMBL4373
tox21_111038_1
NCGC00090905-12
KS-5212
Z276508890
CB-2041 ,
methanesulfonic
4-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]butyl methanesulfonate #
2041cb
busulfan;
AB00051929_12
AB00051929_14
mfcd00007562
bdbm50237623
(1,4-bis(methanesulfonyloxy)butane)
busulfan, analytical standard, for drug analysis
busulfan, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
SR-01000765405-3
SR-01000765405-2
sr-01000765405
SR-01000765405-7
HMS3655A21
busulfan; butane-1,4-diyl di(methanesulfonate)
SBI-0051300.P003
HMS3712A20
SW198555-3
busulfan/myleran
busulfan (myleran, busulfex)
Q348922
AMY33355
129316-96-7
D88731
butane-1,4-diyldimethanesulfonate
EN300-118686
SY029743
1,4-butanediol dimesylate
busulfan (iarc)
methanesulfonic acid tetramethylene ester
1,4-di(methylsulfonyloxy)butane
busulfan (ep monograph)
tetramethylene bis(methanesulphonate)
bussulfam
joacamine
misulfan
1,4-dimethanesulphonoxybutane
1,4-di(methanesulfonyloxy)butane
busulfan (mart.)
tetramethylenedimethanesulfonate
l01ab01
gt-41
busulfan (ep impurity)
methanesulphonic acid, tetramethylene ester
1,4-bis(methanesulphonoxy)butane
1,4-bitanediol dimethanesulfonate esters
bus
1, 4-bis(methanesulfonoxy)butane
busulfan (usp monograph)
wr-19508
1,4-dimethylsulphonoxy-butane

Research Excerpts

Overview

Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that is widely used before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Busulfan has been proven to possess toxic side effects on testicles.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Busulfan (Bu) is an alkylating agent that significantly inhibits spermatogenesis."( Analysis of the Reversible Impact of the Chemodrug Busulfan on Mouse Testes.
Beaudoin, C; Caira, F; De Haze, A; Garcia, M; Holota, H; Monrose, M; Saru, JP; Thirouard, L; Volle, DH, 2021)		1.59
"Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that is widely used before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. "( Can Published Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Busulfan Be Used for Individualized Dosing in Chinese Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation? An External Evaluation.
Chen, S; Hu, J; Huang, H; Huang, W; Li, D; Lin, S; Liu, M; Ren, J; Wu, X; Yang, T, 2022)		2.42
"Busulfan is an anti-cancer drug that leads to testicular problems in humans."( Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects of rutin and kolaviron against busulfan-induced testicular injuries in rats.
Abarikwu, SO; Amadi, BA; John, IG; Mgbudom-Okah, CJ; Njoku, RC; Onuah, CL, 2022)		1.67
"Busulfan is a commonly used alkylating agent in the conditioning regimens of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). "( Busulfan dose Recommendation in Inherited Metabolic Disorders: Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Gupta, AO; Illamola, SM; Jennissen, CA; Long, SE; Long-Boyle, JR; Lund, TC; Orchard, PJ; Takahashi, T, 2022)		3.61
"Busulfan (Bu) is an alkylating drug used in many preparative regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). "( Impact of Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms on Busulfan Pharmacokinetics and Outcomes of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Al Balushi, K; Al-Hunaini, M; Al-Khabori, M; Al-Moundhri, M; Al-Rawahi, M; Al-Rawas, A; Al-Riyami, I; Al-Zadjali, S; Dennison, D, 2022)		2.41
"Busulfan is an antineoplastic medication that is broadly utilized for cancer treatment. "( Ellagic acid effects on testis, sex hormones, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the relative sterility rat model following busulfan administration.
Aghajari, ZA; Jaberi, KR; Jahromi, BN; Khorchani, MJ; Koohpeyma, F; Mahmoodi, M; Mahmoudikohani, F; Movahedpour, A; Noroozi, S; Rostami, A; Saki, F; Vakili, S, 2022)		2.37
"Busulfan (Bus), is an alkylating agent widely used in chemotherapy which has been proven to possess toxic side effects on testicles. "( Ameliorate effects of resveratrol and l-carnitine on the testicular tissue and sex hormones level in busulfan induced azoospermia rats.
Forouzanfar, M; Hafezi, H; Shariatic, M; Vahdati, A, 2022)		2.38
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent commonly used in cancer chemotherapy. "( Mechanisms underlying impaired spermatogenic function in orchitis induced by busulfan.
Dong, Z; Wang, D; Xu, S; Zhao, J; Zhao, L, 2023)		2.58
"Busulfan (Bu) is an alkylating agent commonly used at high doses in the preparative regimens of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). "( Impact of valproic acid on busulfan pharmacokinetics: In vitro assessment of potential drug-drug interaction.
Al-Enezi, BF; Al-Hasawi, N; Matar, KM, 2023)		2.65
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent widely used in the conditioning of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation possessing a complex metabolism and a large interindividual and intra-individual variability, especially in children. "( Individualizing busulfan dose in specific populations and evaluating the risk of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions.
Combarel, D; Delahousse, J; Paci, A; Tran, J; Vassal, G, 2023)		2.7
"Busulfan (BU) is an alkylating agent used as a conditioning agent prior to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation as it is known to be cytotoxic to host hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. "( Screening for urinary markers predicting hematopoietic stem cell injury induced by busulfan using genetically diverse mice.
Gao, R; Guan, B; Liu, X; Meng, A; Sun, Y; Wang, X; Zhang, L, 2023)		2.58
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent used as part of conditioning chemotherapy regimens prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT). "( Utilization of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Improve a Busulfan Test-Dose Strategy in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients.
Armistead, PM; Crona, DJ; DeVane, SC; Dunlap, TC; Kardouh, M; Kemper, RM; Ptachcinski, JR; Shaw, JR; Symonds, A; Weiner, DL, 2023)		2.59
"Busulfan (BUS) is an anticancer agent with serious adverse effects on various body organs, including the lung and testis. "( Sitagliptin ameliorates busulfan-induced pulmonary and testicular injury in rats through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic effects.
Abbas, MA; Ali, EA; Tayel, SG, 2023)		2.66
"Busulfan is an alkylating drug routinely used in conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). "( Association between busulfan exposure and survival in patients undergoing a CD34+ selected stem cell transplantation.
Boelens, JJ; Boulad, F; Cancio, MI; Cho, C; Curran, KJ; Devlin, S; Flynn, J; Giralt, SA; Gyurkocza, B; Jakubowski, AA; Kernan, NA; Klein, E; Kung, AL; Kunvarjee, BM; Lin, A; O'Reilly, RJ; Papadopoulos, EB; Perales, MA; Prockop, S; Proli, A; Scaradavou, A; Scordo, M; Shaffer, BC; Shah, G; Spitzer, B; Tamari, R, 2023)		2.68
"Busulfan is a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent. "( The impact of busulfan on the testicular structure in prepubertal rats: A histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.
Abd El-Hay, RI; Gawish, SA; Hamed, WHE; Mostafa Omar, N; Refat El-Bassouny, D, 2023)		2.71
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent and functions as a myeloablative and anti-leukemic chemotherapy drug. "( Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Quantification of Plasma Busulfan.
Clinton Frazee, C; Garg, U; Munar, A, 2024)		3.11
"Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent used for myeloablative conditioning and in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia due to its ability to cause DNA damage. "( Maternal exposure to busulfan reduces the cell number in the somatosensory cortex associated with delayed somatic and reflex maturation in neonatal rats.
Albuquerque, G; Costa-de-Santana, BJR; Gouveia, HJCB; Lacerda, DC; Manhães-de-Castro, R; Mendonça, CR; Toscano, AE; Visco, DB, 2020)		2.32
"Busulfan (Bu) is a key component of several conditioning regimens used before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). "( Busulfan systemic exposure and its relationship with efficacy and safety in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a meta-analysis.
Fan, D; Feng, X; Li, J; Wu, Y; Yang, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, L; Zhu, G, 2020)		3.44
"Busulfan (Bu) is an alkylating agent commonly used in preparative regimens for hematologic malignant and non-malignant patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). "( UPLC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Busulfan in Human Plasma: Application to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
Alshemmari, SH; Anwar, A; Matar, KM; Refaat, S, 2020)		2.25
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent routinely used in conditioning regimens prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for various nonmalignant disorders, including inborn errors of metabolism. "( Lower Exposure to Busulfan Allows for Stable Engraftment of Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Children with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I: A Case Report of Four Patients.
Dvorak, CC; Kharbanda, S; Long-Boyle, J; Shukla, P, 2020)		2.33
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent used in chemotherapy conditioning regimens prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). "( Electrophilic reactivity of the Busulfan metabolite, EdAG, towards cellular thiols and inhibition of human thioredoxin-1.
Dao, N; Hoang, S; Myers, AL, 2020)		2.28
"Busulfan (BU) is an alkylating agent with a narrow therapeutic index and high intraindividual pharmacokinetic variability used in conditioning therapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. "( Dried Plasma Spots and Oral Fluid as Alternative Matrices for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Busulfan: Analytical Method Development and Clinical Evaluation.
Antunes, MV; da Silva, ACC; Granzotto, FCN; Linden, R; Lizot, LF, 2021)		2.28
"Busulfan (Bu) is an old drug, but is still well recommended as an alkylating agent during conditioning therapy, before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. "( Comparison of Two Analytical Methods for Busulfan Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
Bartoli, A; De Gregori, S; Manzoni, F; Tinelli, C, 2021)		2.33
"Busulfan is an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent that is routinely prescribed for leukemic patients to induce myelo-ablation. "( The Therapeutic Potential of Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells on Busulfan-Induced Azoospermia in Adult Rats.
El Mulla, KF; Ibrahim, HF; Medwar, AY; Safwat, SH; Zeitoun, TM, 2021)		2.3
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent used in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for various malignant and nonmalignant disorders. "( Evaluation of a Nanoparticle-Based Busulfan Immunoassay for Rapid Analysis on Routine Clinical Analyzers.
Baburina, I; Courtney, JB; Gardiner, J; Gill, RV; Hilaire, MR; Meng, QH; Milone, MC; Salamone, SJ; Shaw, LM, 2021)		2.34
"Busulfan (BSU) is a chemotherapeutic drug that can cause subfertility or sterility in males. "( Impaired spermatogenesis caused by busulfan is partially ameliorated by treatment with conditioned medium of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Abbaszadeh, HA; Abdi, S; Abdollahifar, MA; Aliaghaei, A; Azad, N; Ebrahimi, V; Fadaei Fathabadi, F; Faraji Sani, M; Ghanimat, F; Movahedi, M; Raoofi, A, 2022)		2.44
"Busulfan is a chemotherapy agent used in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) conditioning regimens. "( Comparison of levetiracetam versus phenytoin/fosphenytoin for busulfan seizure prophylaxis at a pediatric institution.
Garrity, L; Hughes, K; Lane, A; Nelson, AS; Teusink-Cross, A, 2021)		2.3
"Busulfan (Bu) is an alkylating agent routinely used for conditioning regimens before allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). "( Feasibility and Efficacy of a Pharmacokinetics-Guided Busulfan Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide as Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancie
Bartoli, A; Bramanti, S; Castagna, L; De Gregori, S; De Philippis, C; Giordano, L; Mannina, D; Mariotti, J; Pieri, G; Roperti, M; Sarina, B; Valli, V, 2021)		2.31
"Busulfan is a popular antileukemia chemotherapeutic alkylating agent widely known to induce variety of serious adverse effects including chemobrain-related cognitive impairments and dysfunction in male reproductive system. "( Kolaviron abates busulfan-induced episodic memory deficit and testicular dysfunction in rats: The implications for neuroendopathobiological changes during chemotherapy.
Adebayo, OG; Atuadu, V; Ben-Azu, B; Edesiri, TP; Nwangwa, EK; Oyovwi, MO; Ozegbe, QEB; Rotu, RA; Victor, E, 2021)		2.4
"Busulfan (Bu) is a common component of conditioning regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is known for high interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability. "( Precision dosing of intravenous busulfan in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Results from a multicenter population pharmacokinetic study.
Ansari, M; Ben Hassine, K; Bittencourt, H; Bredius, RGM; Daali, Y; Kassir, N; Krajinovic, M; Lewis, V; Nath, CE; Nava, T; Shaw, PJ; Théoret, Y; Uppugunduri, CRS, 2021)		2.35
"Busulfan is a cytotoxic agent used in preconditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. "( A Significant Influence of Metronidazole on Busulfan Pharmacokinetics: A Case Report of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
Choi, JY; Chung, H; Hong, CR; Hong, KT; Kang, HJ; Lee, S; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Yu, KS, 2017)		2.16
"Busulfan is an anticancer drug caused variety of adverse effects for patients with cancer. "( Protective effect of L-carnitine and L-arginine against busulfan-induced oligospermia in adult rat.
Abd-Elrazek, AM; Ahmed-Farid, OAH, 2018)		2.17
"Busulfan is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia and other myeloproliferative disorders. "( Increased Sat2 expression is associated with busulfan-induced testicular Sertoli cell injury.
Hao, J; Li, G; Liao, X; Liu, Y; Wu, M; Wu, Y; Xian, Y, 2017)		2.16
"Busulfan (Bu) is an alkylating agent with a limited therapeutic margin and exhibits inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetics (PK). "( Clarifying busulfan metabolism and drug interactions to support new therapeutic drug monitoring strategies: a comprehensive review.
Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Ghose, R; Kawedia, JD; Kramer, MA; Myers, AL; Nieto, Y, 2017)		2.29
"Busulfan (Bu) is a key component of conditioning regimens used before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in children. "( GSTA1 Genetic Variants and Conditioning Regimen: Missing Key Factors in Dosing Guidelines of Busulfan in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Ansari, M; Bittencourt, H; Curtis, PH; Daudt, LE; Duval, M; Krajinovic, M; Nava, T; Rezgui, MA; Théoret, Y; Uppugunduri, CRS, 2017)		2.12
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent used in pre-transplant conditioning for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. "( A novel drug interaction between busulfan and blinatumomab.
Lee, J; Oh, A; Patel, P; Quigley, JG; Rondelli, D; Sweiss, K; Ye, R, 2019)		2.24
"Busulfan is an alkane sulphonate currently used as an anticancer drug and to prepare azoospermic animal models, because it selectively destroys differentiated spermatogonia in the testes. "( Busulfan administration produces toxic effects on epididymal morphology and inhibits the expression of ZO-1 and vimentin in the mouse epididymis.
Cai, Y; Fang, F; Ni, K; Shang, J; Shen, S; Xiong, C; Zhang, X; Zhao, Q, 2017)		3.34
"Busulfan (Bu) is an alkylating agent used as part of the conditioning regimen in pediatric patients before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. "( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Busulfan for the Management of Pediatric Patients: Cross-Validation of Methods and Long-Term Performance.
Ansari, M; Chalandon, Y; Choong, E; Daali, Y; Doffey-Lazeyras, F; Kuntzinger, M; Lo Piccolo, R; Marino, D; Peters, C; Uppugunduri, CRS, 2018)		2.21
"Busulfan is a major component of chemotherapy conditioning in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). "( Retrospective study of the digestive tract mucositis derived from myeloablative and non-myeloablative/reduced-intensity conditionings with busulfan in hematopoietic cell transplantation patient.
Bezinelli, LM; Carvalho, DLC; Corrêa, L; da Silva, CC; Eduardo, FP; Ferreira, MH; Gobbi, M; Hamerschlak, N; Rosin, FCP, 2019)		2.16
"Busulfan is an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drug and is often used as conditioning regimens prior to bone marrow transplant for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. "( Gosha-Jinki-Gan Recovers Spermatogenesis in Mice with Busulfan-Induced Aspermatogenesis.
Hayashi, S; Hirayanagi, Y; Itoh, M; Kuramasu, M; Nagahori, K; Naito, M; Ogawa, Y; Qu, N; Sakabe, K; Suyama, K; Terayama, H, 2018)		2.17
"Busulfan is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug for chronic myelogenous leukemia and bone marrow transplantation. "( Melatonin protects spermatogonia from the stress of chemotherapy and oxidation via eliminating reactive oxidative species.
Lin, Z; Mi, J; Song, H; Sun, Z; Wei, R; Xia, Q; Yang, Y; Zhang, X; Zou, K, 2019)		1.96
"Busulfan (Bu) is a DNA-alkylating agent used for myeloablative conditioning in stem cell transplantation in children and adults. "( Evaluation of effects of busulfan and DMA on SOS in pediatric stem cell recipients.
Bartelink, I; Boelens, J; Boos, J; Diestelhorst, C; Hempel, G; Kerl, K; Trame, MN, 2014)		2.15
"Busulfan is a chemotherapeutic drug that induces sterility, azoospermia and testicular atrophy. "( Regeneration of spermatogenesis in a mouse model of azoospermia by follicle-stimulating hormone and oestradiol.
Akhondi, MM; Jafarian, A; Lakpour, N; Pejhan, N; Sadeghi, MR; Salehkhou, S, 2014)		1.85
"Busulfan is an anti-leukemic, DNA alkylating agent that is used in conditioning regimens for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. "( Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay to quantify plasma busulfan.
French, D; Long-Boyle, JR; Ritchie, JC; Sujishi, KK, 2014)		2.06
"Busulfan (Bu) is an integral part of conditioning regimens for patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) undergoing transplantation. "( New insights into the pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in children with sickle cell anemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Alfieri, C; Andreani, M; De Angelis, G; Dinallo, V; Gallucci, C; Gaziev, J; Ialongo, C; Isgrò, A; Lucarelli, G; Marziali, M; Mozzi, AF; Nguyen, L; Paciaroni, K; Petain, A; Ribersani, M; Sodani, P; Testi, M, 2015)		2.11
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent used for conditioning patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with a narrow therapeutic range and highly variable pharmacokinetics. "( Individualizing oral busulfan dose after using a test dose in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pharmacokinetic characterization.
Bariani, C; Carneiro, WJ; Cunha, LC; de Moraes Arantes, A; de Oliveira Neto, JR; Effting, C; Queiroz Labre, LV; Rodrigues, AR; Rodrigues, CR, 2015)		2.18
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent used to ablate bone marrow cells before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. "( High-Throughput Validated Method for the Quantitation of Busulfan in Plasma Using Ultrafast SPE-MS/MS.
Danso, D; Enger, R; Jannetto, PJ; Langman, LJ, 2015)		2.1
"Busulfan is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in myeloablative conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). "( Subacute hepatic necrosis mimicking veno-occlusive disease in a patient with HFE H63D homozygosity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with busulfan conditioning.
Boyer, MW; Chen, S; Chen, X; Hildebrandt, GC; McDonald, GB; Osborn, JD, 2015)		2.06
"Busulfan is a chemotherapy drug that has side effects on spermatogonial stem cells (SSC). "( Gonadotoxic effects of busulfan in two strains of mice.
Bordignon, V; Chemeris, RO; Comim, FV; Glanzner, WG; Gonçalves, PB; Gutierrez, K; Rigo, ML, 2016)		2.19
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent widely used in the ablation of bone marrow cells before hematopoietic stem cell transplant. "( A Simple Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Quantitation of Plasma Busulfan.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Dalal, J; Deng, S; Frazee, C; Garg, U; Kiscoan, M, 2016)		2.1
"Busulfan is a commonly used antineoplastic agent to condition/ablate bone marrow cells before hematopoietic stem cell transplant. "( High-Throughput Quantitation of Busulfan in Plasma Using Ultrafast Solid-Phase Extraction Tandem Mass Spectrometry (SPE-MS/MS).
Danso, D; Jannetto, PJ; Langman, LJ; Robert, E, 2016)		2.16
"Busulfan (Bu) is a key component of the conditioning regimen prior to HSCT."( Influence of glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetics and outcome of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in thalassemia pediatric patients.
Ansari, M; Bittencourt, H; Cappelli, B; Duval, M; Huezo-Diaz, P; Krajinovic, M; Marktel, S; Rezgui, MA, 2016)		1.4
"Busulfan (BU) is a key compound in conditioning myeloablative regimens for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). "( Influence of GST gene polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetics in children.
Ansari, M; Champagne, MA; Duval, M; Krajinovic, M; Lauzon-Joset, JF; Théoret, Y; Vachon, MF, 2010)		2.07
"Busulfan (Bu) is a DNA-alkylating drug used in myeloablative pretransplant conditioning therapy for patients with myeloid leukemia (ML). "( 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine sensitizes busulfan-resistant myeloid leukemia cells by regulating expression of genes involved in cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis.
Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Corn, P; Li, Y; Murray, D; Valdez, BC, 2010)		2.08
"Busulfan is a chemotherapy drug widely used as part of conditioning regimens for patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). "( Quantification of busulfan in plasma using liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS).
Ritchie, JC; Snyder, ML, 2010)		2.14
"Busulfan is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used for myeloablative conditioning regimens such as in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. "( An automated method for supporting busulfan therapeutic drug monitoring.
Johnson-Davis, KL; Juenke, JM; McMillin, GA; Miller, KA, 2011)		2.09
"Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent widely used in pretransplant conditioning regimens in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. "( Busulfan and metronidazole: an often forgotten but significant drug interaction.
Andersson, BS; Culotta, KS; Gulbis, AM; Jones, RB, 2011)		3.25
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent widely used in chemotherapy, but with severe side effects. "( Porous metal organic framework nanoparticles to address the challenges related to busulfan encapsulation.
Ben Yahia, M; Chalati, T; Couvreur, P; Gref, R; Horcajada, P; Maurin, G; Serre, C, 2011)		2.04
"Busulfan (Bu) is an important component of the myeloablative conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) especially in children. "( A simplified method for busulfan monitoring using dried blood spot in combination with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Ansari, M; Daali, Y; Dayer, P; Déglon, J; Desmules, J; Gumy-Pause, F; Ozsahin, H; Théorêt, Y; Uppugunduri, CR; Versace, F, 2012)		2.13
"Busulfan (Bu) is an important component of some myeloablative regimens prior to stem cell transplantation (SCT). "( The effect of metronidazole on busulfan pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Aschan, J; Hassan, M; Hentschke, P; Ljungman, P; Nilsson, C; Ringdén, O, 2003)		2.05
"Busulfan is a common component of pretransplant conditioning but has an erratic and unpredictable bioavailability when administered orally."( Intravenous busulfan-based conditioning prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: myeloablation with reduced toxicity.
Avigdor, A; Ben-Bassat, I; Bielorai, B; Hardan, I; Nagler, A; Shimoni, A; Toren, A; Yeshurun, M, 2003)		1.42
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent widely used in combination chemotherapy regimens followed by allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). "( High-performance thin-layer chromatography with a derivatization procedure, a suitable method for the identification and the quantitation of busulfan in various pharmaceutical products.
Bouligand, J; Bourget, P; Mercier, L; Paci, A; Vassal, G, 2004)		1.97
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent used in preparative regimens before bone marrow transplantation (BMT). "( A simple approximation for busulfan dose adjustment in adult patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Akria, L; Hoffer, E; Krivoy, N; Rowe, JM; Scherb, I; Tabak, A, 2004)		2.06
"Busulfan is an alkylizing agent used instead of radiotherapy for pre-graft preparation before bone marrow grafts in children."( [Busulfan and cycosporin in bone graft children].
Aulagner, G; Bertolle, V; Bleyzac, N; Martin, P, 2004)		1.96
"Busulfan (BUS) is a highly toxic antineoplastic bifunctional-alkylating agent and has a narrow therapeutic window. "( Kinetic of genotoxic expression in the pharmacodynamics of busulfan.
Cruz-Vallejo, VL; Mendiola-Cruz, MT; Miranda-Pasaye, S; Morales-Ramírez, P; Vallarino-Kelly, T, 2006)		2.02
"Busulfan is an effective myeloablative conditioning agent for HSCT. "( Pretransplant conditioning in adults and children: dose assurance with intravenous busulfan.
Barnes, YJ; Fisher, VL; Nuss, SL, 2006)		2
"IV busulfan is a convenient, safe, and effective conditioning agent used in HSCT that has a predictable pharmacokinetic profile."( Pretransplant conditioning in adults and children: dose assurance with intravenous busulfan.
Barnes, YJ; Fisher, VL; Nuss, SL, 2006)		1.18
"Busulfan (BU) is a unique alkylating agent that primarily targets slowly proliferating or nonproliferating cells in the body, leading to various normal tissue damage while killing leukemia cells. "( Busulfan selectively induces cellular senescence but not apoptosis in WI38 fibroblasts via a p53-independent but extracellular signal-regulated kinase-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism.
Bai, A; Probin, V; Wang, Y; Zhou, D, 2006)		3.22
"The busulfan is an alkylating agent widely used for the treatment of haematological malignancies and nonmalignant disorders. "( Busulfan loading into poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: physico-chemistry and molecular modeling.
Aymes-Chodur, C; Chacun, H; Couvreur, P; Ghermani, NE; Gref, R; Layre, AM; Poupaert, J; Requier, D; Richard, J, 2006)		2.33
"Busulfan is an example of a drug eliminated through glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with reduced glutathione (GSH). "( Induction of glutathione synthesis explains pharmacodynamics of high-dose busulfan in mice and highlights putative mechanisms of drug interaction.
Bouligand, J; Connault, E; Daudigeos, E; Deroussent, A; Morizet, J; Opolon, P; Paci, A; Re, M; Simonnard, N; Vassal, G, 2007)		2.01
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent used in a conditioning regimen prior to bone marrow transplantation. "( Influence of underlying disease on busulfan disposition in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients: a nonparametric population pharmacokinetic study.
Aulagner, G; Bertholle-Bonnet, V; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Galambrun, C; Mialou, V; Souillet, G, 2007)		2.06
"Busulfan is a useful, sufficiently safe drug in the treatment of patients with CML. "( Busulfan.
Buggia, I; Locatelli, F; Regazzi, MB; Zecca, M, 1994)		3.17
"Busulfan+melphalan is a safe and feasible conditioning regimen for APBSCT in MM with acceptable toxicity and a high objective response rate, which may result in prolonged survival."( Busulfan and melphalan as conditioning regimen for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma.
Alegre, A; Arranz, R; Cámara, R; Casado, F; Fernández-Villalta, MJ; Figuera, A; Lamana, M; Requena, MJ; Steegman, JL; Tomás, JF, 1995)		2.46
"Busulfan is a GST substrate with a high K(m) relative to concentrations achieved clinically (1-8 microM)."( Busulfan-glutathione conjugation catalyzed by human liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferases.
Czerwinski, M; Gibbs, JP; Slattery, JT, 1996)		2.46
"Busulfan (BU) is an alkylating drug frequently used to prepare patients for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). "( Itraconazole can increase systemic exposure to busulfan in patients given bone marrow transplantation. GITMO (Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo).
Alessandrino, EP; Bosi, A; Buggia, I; Dallorso, A; Locatelli, F; Majolino, I; Pession, A; Regazzi, MB; Rosti, G; Rotoli, B; Zecca, M, )		1.83
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent commonly used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and in combination with cyclophosphamide in preparation for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. "( Characterization of the mechanisms of busulfan resistance in a human glioblastoma multiforme xenograft.
Ali-Osman, F; Bigner, DD; Colvin, OM; Elion, GB; Friedman, HS; Griffith, OW; Hare, CB; Keir, S; Marcelli, SL; Petros, WP, 1997)		2.01
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent commonly used to ablate marrow before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. "( Therapeutic monitoring of busulfan in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Risler, LJ; Slattery, JT, 1998)		2.04
"Busulfan (BU) is a widely used alkylating agent for antineoplastic therapy and marrow ablation in preparation for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). "( Routine analysis of plasma busulfan by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography.
Lai, WK; Law, LK; Li, CK; Pang, CP; Wong, R; Yuen, PM, 1998)		2.04
"Busulfan is a carcinostatic which is used for myelocytic leukemia. "( Cataract induced by short-term administration of large doses of busulfan: a case report.
Amemiya, T; Kaida, T; Ogawa, T, 1999)		1.98
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent currently used in the myeloablative conditioning regimen before stem cell transplantation. "( The pharmacodynamic effect of busulfan in the P39 myeloid cell line in vitro.
Hassan, M; Hassan, Z; Hellström-Lindberg, E, 2001)		2.04
"Busulfan is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in conditioning regimens prior to transplantations."( [High-dose busulfan--monitoring plasma levels and dosage adjustments in adults].
Kalous, O; Malásková, L; Mayer, J, 2001)		1.42
"Busulfan (BU) is a widely used myeloablative and antineoplastic agent in clinical bone marrow transplantation (BMT). "( Optimization of busulfan dosage in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a pharmacokinetic study of dose escalation.
Graham, ML; Grochow, LB; Jones, RJ; Santos, GW; Wagner, JE; Yeager, AM, 1992)		2.07
"Busulfan is an alkylating agent that is widely used in preparative regimens for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). "( Pharmacokinetics of busulfan: correlation with veno-occlusive disease in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Braine, HG; Brundrett, RB; Chen, TL; Colvin, OM; Grochow, LB; Jones, RJ; Santos, GW; Saral, R, 1989)		2.04
"Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that appears to be cytotoxic to slowly proliferating or non-proliferating stem cell compartments, although its specific molecular and cellular mechanisms are unknown. "( Toxicological review of busulfan (Myleran).
Bishop, JB; Wassom, JS, 1986)		2.02

Effects

Busulfan (BU) has a narrow therapeutic window and the average concentration of BU at steady state (Css) is critical for successful engraftment in children receiving BU. Busulfan has a very narrow therapeutic index, and acute toxicity may be related to absorption and disposition of the drug and metabolites.

Busulfan has been shown to be mutagenic to microorganisms, mammalian cells in culture, Drosophila, and rodents. Busulfan exposure has previously been linked to clinical outcomes, hence the need for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic window and a well-established exposure-response relationship with important clinical outcomes."( Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Intravenous Busulfan in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Systematic Review and Comparative Simulations.
Al-Kofahi, M; Brown, SJ; Jaber, MM; Takahashi, T, 2023)		1.89
"Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic index and its concentration was found to correlate with VOD."( Busulfan clearance does not predict the development of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Al-Huneini, M; Al-Khabori, M; Al-Rawas, A; Al-Za'abi, M; Dennison, D; Salman, B, 2020)		2.72
"Busulfan (BU) has a narrow therapeutic window and the average concentration of BU at steady state (Css) is critical for successful engraftment in children receiving BU as part of the preparative regimen for allogeneic transplants. "( Targeted Busulfan therapy with a steady-state concentration of 600-700 ng/mL in patients with sickle cell disease receiving HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplant.
Brown, V; Bruce, K; Calder, C; Domm, J; Evans, M; Frangoul, H; Ho, R; Kassim, A; Maheshwari, S; Manes, B; Yang, E; Yeh, RF, 2014)		2.26
"Busulfan has a very narrow therapeutic index, and acute toxicity may be related to absorption and disposition of the drug and metabolites."( Busulfan use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pharmacology, dose adjustment, safety and efficacy in adults and children.
Bentur, Y; Hoffer, E; Krivoy, N; Lurie, Y; Rowe, JM, 2008)		2.51
"Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic range, and in children, pharmacokinetic variability has been found to be high even after the use of intravenous (i.v.) busulfan. "( Highly variable pharmacokinetics of once-daily intravenous busulfan when combined with fludarabine in pediatric patients: phase I clinical study for determination of optimal once-daily busulfan dose using pharmacokinetic modeling.
Ahn, HS; Han, EJ; Jang, IJ; Jang, MK; Kang, HJ; Kim, H; Kim, NH; Lee, JW; Lee, SH; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Song, SH; Yu, KS; Yuk, YJ, 2012)		2.06
"Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic index, giving rise to major liver toxicity (veno-occlusive disease), and a wide interpatient and intrapatient pharmacokinetic variability."( Influence of underlying disease on busulfan disposition in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients: a nonparametric population pharmacokinetic study.
Aulagner, G; Bertholle-Bonnet, V; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Galambrun, C; Mialou, V; Souillet, G, 2007)		1.34
"Busulfan exposure has previously been linked to clinical outcomes, hence the need for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). "( Busulfan target exposure attainment in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a single day versus a multiday therapeutic drug monitoring regimen.
Bartelink, IHI; Bognàr, TT; de Kanter, CTMK; Egberts, ACGT; Kingma, JSJ; Lalmohamed, AA; Lindemans, CAC; Smeijsters, EHE; van der Elst, KCMK, 2023)		3.8
"Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic window and a well-established exposure-response relationship with important clinical outcomes."( Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Intravenous Busulfan in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Systematic Review and Comparative Simulations.
Al-Kofahi, M; Brown, SJ; Jaber, MM; Takahashi, T, 2023)		1.89
"busulfan (Bu) has been the main conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) for young patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) eligible for a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen."( Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Treated with Myeloablative Fractionated Total Body Irradiation TBI-Based Conditioning with a Tacrolimus- and Sirolimus-Based Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis Regimen: 6-Year Follow-Up fro
Al Malki, MM; Aldoss, I; Ali, H; Aribi, A; Armenian, S; Budde, E; Dadwal, S; Dandapani, S; Forman, SJ; Hui, S; Khaled, S; Marcucci, G; Mei, M; Mokhtari, S; Murata-Collins, J; Nakamura, R; Peng, K; Pullarkat, V; Salhotra, A; Sandhu, KS; Snyder, D; Spielberger, R; Stein, A; Teh, JB; Wong, J; Yang, D, 2020)		1.28
"Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic index and its concentration was found to correlate with VOD."( Busulfan clearance does not predict the development of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Al-Huneini, M; Al-Khabori, M; Al-Rawas, A; Al-Za'abi, M; Dennison, D; Salman, B, 2020)		2.72
"Busulfan (Bu) has been used in combination with fludarabine (Flu; BuFlu) or cyclophosphamide (Cy; BuCy) as conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). "( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan as condition for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: comparison between combinations with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine.
Hino, Y; Kato, J; Kikuchi, T; Koda, Y; Matsumoto, K; Mishina, T; Mori, T; Morita, K; Nagao, Y; Ohwada, C; Okamoto, S; Onizuka, M; Onoda, M; Sakaida, E; Shimizu, H; Shono, K; Takeda, Y; Yokota, A; Yokoyama, H, 2021)		2.35
"Busulfan has been commonly used to develop such a model, but 30%-87% of mice die when administered an intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg kg"( Establishing a nonlethal and efficient mouse model of male gonadotoxicity by intraperitoneal busulfan injection.
Chen, HC; Deng, CC; Deng, CH; Li, XY; Liu, GH; Lv, LY; Ouyang, B; Sun, XZ; Xie, Y; Yao, JH; Zhang, C, )		1.07
"Busulfan (BU) has a narrow therapeutic window and the average concentration of BU at steady state (Css) is critical for successful engraftment in children receiving BU as part of the preparative regimen for allogeneic transplants. "( Targeted Busulfan therapy with a steady-state concentration of 600-700 ng/mL in patients with sickle cell disease receiving HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplant.
Brown, V; Bruce, K; Calder, C; Domm, J; Evans, M; Frangoul, H; Ho, R; Kassim, A; Maheshwari, S; Manes, B; Yang, E; Yeh, RF, 2014)		2.26
"Busulfan has been widely used to treat CML."( Busulfan inhibits growth of human osteosarcoma through miR-200 family microRNAs in vitro and in vivo.
Li, F; Liu, Y; Mei, Q; Quan, H; Xu, H, 2014)		2.57
"Busulfan and etoposide have been used as myeloablative therapy for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for > 20 years. "( A phase I study of targeted, dose-escalated intravenous busulfan in combination with etoposide as myeloablative therapy for autologous stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia.
Ai, WZ; Andreadis, C; Benet, LZ; Damon, LE; Gaensler, KM; Kaplan, LD; Koplowicz, YB; Linker, CA; Logan, AC; Mannis, GN; Martin, TG; Olin, RL; Sayre, PH; Smith, CC; Sudhindra, A; Venstrom, JM; Wolf, JL, 2015)		2.11
"busulfan (Bu) has been shown to be highly effective as a pretransplant conditioning regimen in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)."( Long-Term Outcomes after Treatment with Clofarabine ± Fludarabine with Once-Daily Intravenous Busulfan as Pretransplant Conditioning Therapy for Advanced Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome.
Alatrash, G; Alousi, AM; Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Chen, J; de Lima, M; Fox, PS; Garber, HR; Hosing, C; Janbey, S; Jones, RB; Kebriaei, P; Ning, J; Popat, U; Rondon, G; Shpall, EJ; Thall, PF; Valdez, BC; Worth, LL, 2016)		1.37
"Busulfan has a very narrow therapeutic index, and acute toxicity may be related to absorption and disposition of the drug and metabolites."( Busulfan use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pharmacology, dose adjustment, safety and efficacy in adults and children.
Bentur, Y; Hoffer, E; Krivoy, N; Lurie, Y; Rowe, JM, 2008)		2.51
"High busulfan plasma levels have been shown to increase the chance of venoocclusive disease and low levels are associated with recurrence of disease or graft rejection."( Determination of busulfan in human plasma using an ELISA format.
Agarwal, G; Courtney, JB; Fleisher, M; Gonzalez-Espinoza, R; Harney, R; Juenke, JM; Li, Y; Lundell, G; Mathew, A; McMillin, GA; Salamone, SJ, 2009)		1.15
"Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic range, and in children, pharmacokinetic variability has been found to be high even after the use of intravenous (i.v.) busulfan. "( Highly variable pharmacokinetics of once-daily intravenous busulfan when combined with fludarabine in pediatric patients: phase I clinical study for determination of optimal once-daily busulfan dose using pharmacokinetic modeling.
Ahn, HS; Han, EJ; Jang, IJ; Jang, MK; Kang, HJ; Kim, H; Kim, NH; Lee, JW; Lee, SH; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Song, SH; Yu, KS; Yuk, YJ, 2012)		2.06
"Busulfan has been investigated widely for more than three decades leading to a large and precise handling of this agent with numerous studies on activity and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. "( Pharmacology of dimethanesulfonate alkylating agents: busulfan and treosulfan.
Galaup, A; Paci, A, 2013)		2.08
"Busulfan has been widely used, but irradiation has been often suggested as an alternative."( Irradiated mouse testes efficiently support spermatogenesis derived from donor germ cells of mice and rats.
Meistrich, ML; Shao, S; Zhang, Z, )		0.85
"Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic index, giving rise to major liver toxicity (veno-occlusive disease), and a wide interpatient and intrapatient pharmacokinetic variability."( Influence of underlying disease on busulfan disposition in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients: a nonparametric population pharmacokinetic study.
Aulagner, G; Bertholle-Bonnet, V; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Galambrun, C; Mialou, V; Souillet, G, 2007)		1.34
"Busulfan has been used widely at conventional dosages (1-12 mg/d) for the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). "( Busulfan.
Buggia, I; Locatelli, F; Regazzi, MB; Zecca, M, 1994)		3.17
"Busulfan has been previously only available in an oral formulation due to its poor water solubility. "( A phase I/II study of multiple-dose intravenous busulfan as myeloablation prior to stem cell transplantation.
Apperley, J; Craddock, C; Eades, A; Goldman, J; Hassan, M; Kanfer, E; Matthews, J; Nilsson, C; Olavarria, E; Timms, A, 2000)		2.01
"Busulfan has been the drug most widely used during pregnancy, and it appears not to cause fetal malformations when used alone."( Chronic myelocytic leukemia and the myeloproliferative diseases during the child-bearing years.
Miller, JB, 1976)		0.98
"Busulfan has been postulated block the formation of new erythropoietin responsive cells (ERC) from hematopoietic stem cells (CFU)."( Increase in erythroid colony formation in rabbits following the administration of testosterone.
Fisher, JW; Moriyama, Y, 1975)		0.98
"Busulfan has been shown to be mutagenic to microorganisms, mammalian cells in culture, Drosophila, and rodents."( Toxicological review of busulfan (Myleran).
Bishop, JB; Wassom, JS, 1986)		1.3

Actions

Busulfan did cause a small number of DNA strand breaks to be formed in human cells.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"busulfan displays a smaller interpatient variability in exposure compared to oral busulfan (CV of 24% after i.v."( Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of i.v. busulfan in children before stem cell transplantation.
Boos, J; Fleischack, G; Gruhn, B; Hempel, G; Klingebiel, T; Mürdter, T; Oechtering, D; Schiltmeyer, B; Schwab, M; Vormoor, J; Würthwein, G, 2005)		1.32
"Busulfan did however cause a small number of DNA strand breaks to be formed in human cells."( In vitro studies on the mechanism of action of hepsulfam in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients.
Adlakha, A; Cook, CA; Furmanski, P; Gibson, NW; Hincks, JR; Johnson, CS, 1990)		1

Treatment

Treatment with Busulfan plus Fludarabine depleted lymphocytes only weakly. LGF treatment in busulfan-treated animals that have suffered a disruption of spermatogenesis can accelerate the reactivation of this process.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"busulfan treatment, no adverse physiological effects or body weight loss were detected."( Establishment of effective and safe recipient preparation for germ-cell transplantation with intra-testicular busulfan treatment in pre-pubertal Barbari goats.
Chauhan, MS; Kharche, SD; Pathak, M; Pawaiya, RVS; Quadri, SA; Singh, MK; Singh, SP; Soni, YK, 2022)		1.65
"Busulfan-treated mice presented with dose-dependent clinical signs including signs of anemia in some individuals."( Model Characterization: Total Body Irradiation or Busulfan for Conditioning in Human Cell Therapy Toxicology and Tumorigenicity Studies using NOD/SCID/IL2Rγnull (NSG) Mice.
Abrahim, MA; Authier, S; Ballesteros, C; Li, C; Wong, K, )		1.11
"Busulfan treated group received a single dose of busulfan (40 mg/kg), then animals were subdivided to three subgroups; IIa, IIb, IIc which were sacrificed after four, ten and twenty weeks, respectively, from the beginning of the experiment."( The impact of busulfan on the testicular structure in prepubertal rats: A histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.
Abd El-Hay, RI; Gawish, SA; Hamed, WHE; Mostafa Omar, N; Refat El-Bassouny, D, 2023)		1.99
"busulfan treatment)."( Targeting myeloid cells to the brain using non-myeloablative conditioning.
Böttcher, C; Fernández-Klett, F; Gladow, N; Priller, J; Rolfes, S, 2013)		1.11
"Busulfan treatment in juvenile rats resulted in abnormal root development, depending on the stage at which Bu was administered. "( Effect of the antineoplastic agent busulfan on rat molar root development.
Kawano, Y; Kinoshita-Kawano, S; Mitomi, T, 2014)		2.12
"Busulfan treatment significantly reduced the number of circulating platelets in guinea-pigs by 85.5%, but had no significant effect on the number of circulating leukocytes. "( Bradykinin and capsaicin induced airways obstruction in the guinea pig are platelet dependent.
Keir, SD; Page, CP; Spina, D, 2015)		1.86
"Busulfan treatment did not affect edema and hemorrhage in P-selectin- or PSGL-1-deficient mice, suggesting that the effect by busulfan is dependent on P-selectin and PSGL-1 expression."( Platelets control leukocyte recruitment in a murine model of cutaneous arthus reaction.
Fujimoto, M; Hara, T; Hasegawa, M; Iwata, Y; Komura, K; Muroi, E; Ogawa, F; Sato, S; Shimizu, K; Takenaka, M; Yanaba, K, 2010)		1.08
"Busulfan treatment as a chemotherapeutic agent has been considered an alternative approach in xenograft model because it offers a simple, convenient, effective, and less toxic conditioning regimen."( Human B cell development and antibody production in humanized NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ(null) (NSG) mice conditioned by busulfan.
Choi, B; Chun, E; Kim, M; Kim, SJ; Kim, ST; Lee, KY; Yoon, K, 2011)		2.02
"In busulfan-treated ZW larvae, the presence of the typical central cavity and expression of a high level of aromatase mRNA confirmed the ovarian phenotype."( Busulfan-mediated germ cell depletion does not alter gonad differentiation in the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl.
Al-Asaad, I; Chardard, D; Chesnel, A; Dumond, H; Flament, S, 2012)		2.34
"In busulfan-treated thrombocytopenic animals, there was no evidence for either neointimal development or thrombus formation."( Role of platelet activation in catheter-induced vascular wall injury.
Bertipaglia, B; Chiavegato, A; Filipetto, C; Gamba, P; Gasparotto, L; Sartore, S; Taiani, J; Zolpi, E, 2004)		0.84
"Both busulfan treatments resulted in a significant reduction in PGCs when compared to controls."( Production of germline chimeric chickens following the administration of a busulfan emulsion.
D'Costa, S; Pardue, SL; Petitte, JN; Song, Y, 2005)		1.01
"Both busulfan treatment doses caused earlier occurrence of persistent estrus, with dose-dependence as compared to controls."( Reduction of primordial follicles caused by maternal treatment with busulfan promotes endometrial adenocarcinoma development in donryu rats.
Maekawa, A; Shirota, M; Taya, K; Watanabe, G; Yoshida, M, 2005)		1.02
"Busulfan treatment caused a statistically significant decrease in the number of seminiferous tubules containing germ cells."( Testicular xenografts: a novel approach to study cytotoxic damage in juvenile primate testis.
Ehmcke, J; Jahnukainen, K; Schlatt, S, 2006)		1.06
"Busulfan treatment can be optimized by targeted steady-state concentration or with the use of intravenous preparations."( Risk assessment in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: conditioning.
Aschan, J, 2007)		1.06
"Busulfan treatment caused acute declines in testis volume and sperm counts, indicating a disruption of spermatogenesis."( Characterization, cryopreservation, and ablation of spermatogonial stem cells in adult rhesus macaques.
Hermann, BP; Hobbs, RM; Lin, CC; McFarland, D; Orwig, KE; Pandolfi, PP; Rodriguez, M; Schatten, GP; Sheng, Y; Shuttleworth, JJ; Sukhwani, M; Tomko, J, 2007)		1.06
"In busulfan-treated embryos, diffuse cell death was evident in both ectoderm and mesoderm, peaking at E13."( Busulfan-induced central polydactyly, syndactyly and cleft hand or foot: a common mechanism of disruption leads to divergent phenotypes.
Naruse, T; Oberg, KC; Ogino, T; Takagi, M; Takahara, M, 2007)		2.3
"Busulfan treatment produced no obvious change in Itm2b expression in epididymis or vas deferens."( Differential expression and regulation of integral membrane protein 2b in rat male reproductive tissues.
Deng, WB; Gao, F; Liang, XH; Mills, N; Rengaraj, D; Yang, ZM, 2008)		1.07
"In busulfan-treated rats, compared to controls, hypothalamic LH-RH content was decreased by 52%, whereas pituitary LH and FSH concentrations were increased by 60 and 43% respectively."( Effect of prenatal treatment with busulfan on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, genital tract and testicular histology of prepubertal male rats.
Barenton, B; Hochereau-de Reviers, MT; Perreau, C; Viguier-Martinez, MC, 1984)		1.06
"Busulfan treatment induced decrease of total volumes of intertubular tissue and of Leydig cells per testis, of accessory glands, and of germ cells from type A spermatogonia to zygotene spermatocytes."( Effects of supplementation with impuberal or adult testicular protein extracts on genital tract and testicular histology as well as hormonal levels in adult busulfan treated rats.
Hochereau-de-Reviers, MT; Perreau, C; Viguier-Martinez, MC, )		1.05
"Busulfan treated patients who are now deceased, have had a median survival of 35 months (range, 13-108) and actuarial analysis shows the total busulfan treated population to have an expected median survival of 48 months."( Busulfan versus hydroxyurea in long-term therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Bolin, RW; Hamman, RF; Robinson, WA; Sutherland, J, 1982)		2.43
"When busulfan-treated polycythemic mice received 5 mg of dexamethasone together with Ep injections they responded to the test dose of Ep with very minor increases in iron incorporation, which would indicate that a very small increase in the ERC population induced by Ep took place."( Inhibition by dexamethasone of erythropoietin-induced amplification of the erythropoietin-responsive cell compartment.
Alippi, RM; Bozzini, CE; Giglio, MJ, 1981)		0.72
"The busulfan-treated patients had an increased cumulative incidence of veno-occlusive disease of the liver, ie, 12% compared with 1% in the TBI group (P = .009)."( A randomized trial comparing busulfan with total body irradiation as conditioning in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients with leukemia: a report from the Nordic Bone Marrow Transplantation Group.
Lenhoff, S; Ljungman, P; Nikoskelainen, J; Parkkali, T; Remberger, M; Ringdén, O; Ruutu, T; Sallerfors, B; Vindeløv, L; Volin, L, 1994)		1.06
"Busulfan-treated patients had an increased risk of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver (12% v 1%, P =.01) and hemorrhagic cystitis (32% v 10%, P =.003)."( Increased risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease, obstructive bronchiolitis, and alopecia with busulfan versus total body irradiation: long-term results of a randomized trial in allogeneic marrow recipients with leukemia. Nordic Bone Marrow Transplanta
Jacobsen, N; Lenhoff, S; Ljungman, P; Mellander, L; Nikoskelainen, J; Parkkali, T; Remberger, M; Ringdén, O; Ruutu, T; Sallerfors, B; Vindeløv, L; Volin, L, 1999)		1.24
"Busulfan treatment reduced testis receptor levels by 35% (P less than 0.05) after 35 days (maximum effect), and the effect was reversed after recovery (85 d)."( Multiple sites of action of the vitamin D endocrine system: FSH stimulation of testis 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors.
Anderson, MB; Christakos, S; Huang, HF; Osmundsen, BC; Walters, MR, 1989)		1
"Busulfan treatment was given for one month and the infiltration had disappeared ten weeks after initiation of therapy."( [Diabetes insipidus in chronic myeloid leukemia. Remission of hypophyseal infiltration during busulfan treatment].
Eichhorn, P; Furrer, J; Haller, D; Hämmerli, R; Rhyner, K; Steuli, R, 1988)		1.22
"Busulfan-treated tumor-bearing mice (BUTUM), busulfan-treated control mice (BUCON), tumor-bearing mice with no busulfan (TUM), and normal controls (CON) were sacrificed on days 4, 7, 11, 14, and 17 after tumor implantation."( Concurrent activation of granulocytes and osteoclasts in busulfan-suppressed bone marrow in response to transplantation of a mammary carcinoma in mice.
Lee, MY; Lottsfeldt, JL; McCracken, CH, 1988)		1.24
"When busulfan treatment was resumed, hematologic response and decrease of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly reoccurred."( Remission of chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis to busulfan treatment.
Chang, JC; Gross, HM, 1988)		0.98
"In busulfan-treated mice, polyploid-like mitoses with PCC were seen."( Occurrence of premature chromosome condensation in mouse spermatogonia treated with busulfan.
Hitotsumachi, S; Kikuchi, Y; Yamamoto, KI, 1986)		1.01
"Treatment with busulfan had no significant effect on bronchoconstriction induced by the direct acting spasmogens histamine or methacholine."( Bradykinin and capsaicin induced airways obstruction in the guinea pig are platelet dependent.
Keir, SD; Page, CP; Spina, D, 2015)		0.76
"Treatment with Busulfan plus Fludarabine depleted lymphocytes only weakly."( Impact of 3 different short-term chemotherapy regimens on lymphocyte-depletion and reconstitution in melanoma patients.
Appay, V; Canellini, G; Laurent, J; Leyvraz, S; Papaioannou, A; Rimoldi, D; Romero, P; Rufer, N; Speiser, DE; Touvrey, C; Vicari, M; Voelter, V, 2010)		0.7
"LGF treatment in busulfan-treated animals that have suffered a disruption of spermatogenesis can accelerate the reactivation of this process in most of the tubules, as shown in the histological analysis."( Effect of liver growth factor on both testicular regeneration and recovery of spermatogenesis in busulfan-treated mice.
Arenas, MI; Díaz-Gil, JJ; Gutierrez-Adan, A; Lobo, MV; Pérez-Cerezales, S; Pérez-Crespo, M; Pericuesta, E, 2011)		0.92
"Treatment with busulfan or interferon-α is usually effective in hydroxyurea failures."( Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.
Tefferi, A, 2012)		0.72
"Treatment with busulfan was stopped in March 1993 due to bone marrow suppression."( Long-term cytogenetic remission with ubenimex monotherapy in a case of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Fujimaki, K; Ishigatsubo, Y; Kanamori, H; Koharazawa, H; Taguchi, J; Takabayashi, M; Takasaki, H; Yamaji, S, 2004)		0.66
"Treatment with busulfan results in the inhibition of cell cycle progression and apoptosis of tumor cells."( Reduced expression of Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor-alpha modulates the cytotoxic effect of busulfan in HEK293 cells.
Beck, JF; Bien, S; Kroemer, HK; Reimer, J; Ritter, CA; Sonnemann, J; Wieland, T, 2007)		0.89
"Rats treated with busulfan to induce thrombocytopenia exhibited a 90% decrease in circulating platelets."( Involvement of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase products in photoactivation-induced microvascular occlusion.
Lentsch, AB; Lindberg, RA; Miller, FN; Slaaf, DW, 1994)		0.61
"Mice treated with busulfan develop chronic latent marrow aplasia characterized by near-normal peripheral leukocyte counts, hematocrits, and marrow cellularity but very reduced stem cell (CFU-S) and progenitor cell (CFU-GM) populations. "( Long-term marrow cultures from mice with busulfan-induced chronic latent aplasia.
Caro, J; Erslev, AJ; Halka, KG, 1987)		0.87
"Mice treated with busulfan also demonstrate residual marrow damage as evidenced by incomplete recovery of marrow CFU-S to pretreatment levels."( Late effects of chemotherapy on hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Adler, S; Fried, W, 1985)		0.59

Toxicity

CloFluBu provides a less toxic alternative to conventional conditioning regimens, with adequate antileukemic activity. SSC of Balb/C mice are more sensitive to the toxic effects of busulfan then those of Swiss mice.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Drug-induced pulmonary disease is an infrequent, but clinically significant, toxic manifestation of antineoplastic drug therapy."( Pulmonary toxicity of antineoplastic drugs.
Willson, JK, 1978)		0.26
" We have recently shown that hepsulfam was more toxic to L1210 leukemia cells than was busulfan."( Mechanisms of toxicity of hepsulfam in human tumor cell lines.
Cook, C; Gibson, NW; Hincks, JR; Pacheco, DY, 1990)		0.5
" To determine the drug-related nonhematologic toxic effects of this new regimen without confounding factors associated with allogeneic transplantation, we conducted a pilot study using this new regimen in 20 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first remission prior to autologous unpurged marrow transplantation."( Acute toxicity and first clinical results of intensive postinduction therapy using a modified busulfan and cyclophosphamide regimen with autologous bone marrow rescue in first remission of acute myeloid leukemia.
Beelen, DW; Graeven, U; Mahmoud, HK; Quabeck, K; Sayer, HG; Schaefer, UW, 1989)		0.5
" It is worth noting that both the analogs were definitely less toxic to the host mice than busulfan."( Antitumor activity and neutrophil-selective hematopoietic toxicity of busulfan analogs in mice.
Kato, T; Kawazoe, Y; Kimoto, H; Kohda, K; Ohta, Y; Suzumura, Y, 1988)		0.73
" Thus, we have developed a safe chemotherapy schedule for transplantation that avoids the need for radiotherapy and can, if necessary, be repeated after a 3-month interval."( Busulphan and cyclophosphamide cause little early toxicity during displacement bone marrow transplantation in fifty children.
Barnes, R; Downie, CJ; Hobbs, JR; Hugh-Jones, K; Shaw, PJ, 1986)		0.27
" Azoospermia at 56 days after treatment, which is a result of stem cell killing, was achieved at doses of over 30 mg/kg; this dose is below the LD50 for animal survival, which was over 40 mg/kg."( Effects of busulfan on murine spermatogenesis: cytotoxicity, sterility, sperm abnormalities, and dominant lethal mutations.
Bucci, LR; Meistrich, ML, 1987)		0.66
"To evaluate the toxic extramedullary morbidity of the conditioning treatment with BuCy for BMT, as well as the usefulness of pentoxyphyllin (PTX) and methylprednisolone (MP) in the prophylaxis of mucositis."( [Extramedullary toxicity in bone marrow transplantation using busulfan and cyclophosphamide conditioning].
Maldonado, J; Pascual, MJ, 1995)		0.53
" There were seven acute toxic deaths (8%) and in total 15 patients experienced life-threatening or fatal toxicity."( Extramedullary toxicity of a conditioning regimen containing busulphan, cyclophosphamide and etoposide in 84 patients undergoing autologous and allogenic bone marrow transplantation.
Bernstein, E; Brodsky, I; Bulova, S; Crilley, P; Marks, DI; Mullaney, R; Resnick, K; Styler, MJ; Topolsky, D, 1995)		0.29
" The major toxic effects were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, which, however, were manageable and rapidly reversible."( Maintenance chemotherapy with oral treosulfan following first-line treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: feasibility and toxicity.
Kuhn, W; Meden, H; Wittkop, Y, )		0.13
" We have examined the possibility that BU may exert part of its toxic effects via DNA alkylation at the O6 position of guanine as this might provide an approach to improving the conditioning regimen."( O6-Benzylguanine potentiates BCNU but not busulfan toxicity in hematopoietic stem cells.
Blokland, I; Boudewijn, A; Down, JD; Margison, GP; McGown, AT; Ploemacher, RE; Watson, AJ; Westerhof, GR; Wood, M, 2001)		0.57
" A relationship between exposure to busulphan, expressed as an area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC), and effect and/or adverse effects, such as veno-occlusive disease (VOD), was reported."( The effect of modulation of glutathione cellular content on busulphan-induced cytotoxicity on hematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo.
Alsadi, S; Edgren, M; Hägglund, H; Hassan, M; Hassan, Z; Hellström-Lindberg, E, 2002)		0.31
" In summary, the combination of treosulfan and fludarabine is a safe and efficient conditioning regimen."( Treosulfan and fludarabine: a new toxicity-reduced conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Casper, J; Dölken, G; Freund, M; Hammer, U; Hartung, G; Kiefer, T; Kleine, HD; Knauf, W; Knopp, A; Steiner, B; Wegener, R; Wilhelm, S; Wolff, D, 2004)		0.32
" BU, given as four single daily doses of 150 mg/m2, is appropriate and safe in all age groups of children."( Busulphan given as four single daily doses of 150 mg/m2 is safe and effective in children of all ages.
Berry, A; Earl, JW; Nath, C; Shaw, PJ, 2004)		0.32
" No case of severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease or other serious toxic events occurred."( Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of i.v. busulfan in children before stem cell transplantation.
Boos, J; Fleischack, G; Gruhn, B; Hempel, G; Klingebiel, T; Mürdter, T; Oechtering, D; Schiltmeyer, B; Schwab, M; Vormoor, J; Würthwein, G, 2005)		0.6
" qd is a safe and effective regimen for allogeneic transplantation and is at least clinically equivalent to every 6 h dosing schemes using either oral or parenteral Bu."( Modification of the Bu/Cy myeloablative regimen using daily parenteral busulfan: reduced toxicity without the need for pharmacokinetic monitoring.
Agura, ED; Berryman, RB; Fay, JW; Mamlouk, K; Pineiro, LA; Sandler, I; Saracino, G; Vance, EA; White, M, 2005)		0.56
" Reduced-intensity allogeneic SCT may offer a less toxic approach to patients with AML."( Preliminary results of the safety of immunotherapy with gemtuzumab ozogamicin following reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplant in children with CD33+ acute myeloid leukemia.
Bhatia, M; Bradley, B; Cairo, MS; Cooney, E; Del Toro, G; Foley, S; Garvin, J; George, D; Harrison, L; Hawks, R; Militano, O; Roman, E; Satwani, P; Unal, E; van de Ven, C; Wolownik, K, 2005)		0.33
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)		0.32
"Neonatal administration of diethylstilbestrol (DES) to rodents has adverse effects on spermatogenesis."( Neonatal administration of diethylstilbestrol has adverse effects on somatic cells rather than germ cells.
Adachi, T; Fukata, H; Koh, KB; Komiyama, M; Mori, C; Toyama, Y, 2006)		0.33
" The responses and adverse events of the 2 groups were assessed."( [Efficacy and toxicity of intravenous busulfan-based conditioning before allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for leukemia].
Li, J; Luo, SK; Peng, AH; Tong, XZ; Xu, DR; Zhang, GC; Zheng, D; Zou, WY, 2007)		0.61
" It is also important to consider the busulfan drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions that can develop during the therapeutic process."( Busulfan use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pharmacology, dose adjustment, safety and efficacy in adults and children.
Bentur, Y; Hoffer, E; Krivoy, N; Lurie, Y; Rowe, JM, 2008)		2.06
"5 mg/kg/day; n = 10 in each group) for 2 or 4 weeks to assess the optimal administration period for detection of the toxic effects on ovarian morphology."( Collaborative work on evaluation of ovarian toxicity. 5) Two- or four-week repeated-dose studies and fertility study of busulfan in female rats.
Iwasaki, S; Kudo, S; Masumoto, Y; Miyata, Y; Nishi, M; Sakurada, Y, 2009)		0.56
" We concluded that prefilled-syringe method is ease and safe way to administer Busulfex on scheduled time."( [Development of new mixing method of Busulfex injection for the purpose of improvement of medical safety method: the prefilled syringe method].
Dan, K; Dobashi, A; Dobashi, Y; Hamada, M; Katayama, S; Senoo, M; Shimizu, H; Tajika, K, 2009)		0.35
"IVBu is a safe and effective and offers the benefit of predictable and consistent systemic exposure."( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Chan, KW; Hayashi, RJ; Kadota, R; Kletzel, M; Mezzi, K; Nieder, ML; Przepiorka, D; Wall, DA; Yeager, AM, 2010)		0.61
" Our experience shows that targeting busulfan AUC above the range used in previous multicenter trials appears safe and may contribute to sustained engraftment in SCD."( Safety and efficacy of targeted busulfan therapy in children undergoing myeloablative matched sibling donor BMT for sickle cell disease.
Chiang, KY; Haight, AE; Horan, J; Hutcherson, D; McPherson, ME; Olson, E, 2011)		0.93
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)		0.36
" In search of less toxic alternatives, we hypothesized that combination of busulfan (Bu), fludarabine (Flu) and clofarabine (Clo) would provide superior efficacy."( The synergistic cytotoxicity of clofarabine, fludarabine and busulfan in AML cells involves ATM pathway activation and chromatin remodeling.
Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Li, Y; Murray, D; Valdez, BC, 2011)		0.84
" Patients were evaluated for engraftment, adverse events, graft-versus-host disease, non-relapse mortality, relapse incidence, overall survival and disease-free survival."( Reduced-toxicity conditioning with treosulfan and fludarabine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndromes: final results of an international prospective phase II trial.
Baumgart, J; Beelen, DW; Blau, IW; Casper, J; Einsele, H; Finke, J; Freund, M; Giebel, S; Gramatzki, M; Holowiecki, J; Kienast, J; Larsson, K; Markiewicz, M; Mylius, HA; Pichlmeier, U; Repp, R; Ruutu, T; Schnitzler, M; Stelljes, M; Stuhler, G; Trenschel, R; Uharek, L; Volin, L; Zander, AR, 2011)		0.37
" Non-hematologic adverse events of grade III-IV in severity included mainly infections and gastrointestinal symptoms (80% and 22% of the patients, respectively)."( Reduced-toxicity conditioning with treosulfan and fludarabine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndromes: final results of an international prospective phase II trial.
Baumgart, J; Beelen, DW; Blau, IW; Casper, J; Einsele, H; Finke, J; Freund, M; Giebel, S; Gramatzki, M; Holowiecki, J; Kienast, J; Larsson, K; Markiewicz, M; Mylius, HA; Pichlmeier, U; Repp, R; Ruutu, T; Schnitzler, M; Stelljes, M; Stuhler, G; Trenschel, R; Uharek, L; Volin, L; Zander, AR, 2011)		0.37
" Multivariate analysis (MVA) identified comorbidity score (HCT-CI) >2 and advanced disease as adverse factors with no independent impact of regimen."( Allo-SCT for AML and MDS with treosulfan compared with BU-based regimens: reduced toxicity vs reduced intensity.
Danylesko, I; Nagler, A; Shem-Tov, N; Shimoni, A; Volchek, Y; Yerushalmi, R, 2012)		0.38
" This treosulfan-based preparation proved to be safe and effective for thalassemia patients given allogeneic HSCT."( Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in thalassemia major: results of a reduced-toxicity conditioning regimen based on the use of treosulfan.
Bernardo, ME; Bertaina, A; Caocci, G; Contoli, B; Giorgiani, G; La Nasa, G; Locatelli, F; Mastronuzzi, A; Pagliara, D; Pinto, RM; Piras, E; Vacca, A; Zecca, M, 2012)		0.38
"Intravenous BU divided four times daily (q6 h) has been shown to be safe and effective in pediatric allo-SCT recipients."( The pharmacokinetics and safety of twice daily i.v. BU during conditioning in pediatric allo-SCT recipients.
Baxter-Lowe, LA; Bhatia, M; Bradley, MB; Cairo, MS; Duffy, D; Garvin, JH; George, D; Geyer, MB; Harrison, L; Le Gall, JB; Militano, O; Milone, MC; Morris, E; Satwani, P; Schwartz, J; Shaw, LM; van de Ven, C; Waxman, IM, 2013)		0.39
" In an attempt to design an efficacious and safe prehematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning regimen, we investigated the cytotoxicity of the combination of busulfan (B), melphalan (M), and gemcitabine (G) in lymphoma cell lines in the absence or presence of drugs that induce epigenetic changes."( Epigenetic modifiers enhance the synergistic cytotoxicity of combined nucleoside analog-DNA alkylating agents in lymphoma cell lines.
Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Li, Y; Murray, D; Nieto, Y; Valdez, BC; Wang, G, 2012)		0.57
"Patients with class 3 thalassemia with high-risk features for adverse events after high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are difficult to treat, tending to either suffer serious toxicity or fail to establish stable graft function."( Pretransplant immunosuppression followed by reduced-toxicity conditioning and stem cell transplantation in high-risk thalassemia: a safe approach to disease control.
Andersson, BS; Anurathapan, U; Charoenkwan, P; Chuansumrit, A; Hongeng, S; Issaragrisil, S; Jetsrisuparb, A; Pakakasama, S; Rujkijyanont, P; Sirachainan, N; Sirireung, S; Songdej, D; Srisala, S; Sruamsiri, R; Ungkanont, A, 2013)		0.39
" Our data indicate that Flu (160 mg/m(2)) with targeted myeloablative Bu (90 mg·h/L) is less toxic than and equally effective as BuCy (Mel) in patients with similar indications for allo-HCT."( Fludarabine and exposure-targeted busulfan compares favorably with busulfan/cyclophosphamide-based regimens in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: maintaining efficacy with less toxicity.
Bartelink, IH; Bierings, MB; Boelens, JJ; de Wildt, A; Gerhardt, CE; Lindemans, CA; van Maarseveen, EM; van Reij, EM; Versluys, B, 2014)		0.68
" In an effort to minimize these adverse effects, we conducted bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from unrelated volunteer donors using a conditioning regimen without BU or TBI."( Fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and melphalan (FALG with L-PAM) as a reduced toxicity conditioning regimen in children with acute leukemia.
Kato, K; Matsumoto, K; Matsuyama, T; Yoshida, N, 2014)		0.4
"This conditioning regimen of FLAG combined with L-PAM (which did not contain BU and TBI) was associated with good outcomes and minimal late adverse effects in children with acute leukemia who have undergone allogeneic BMT from unrelated volunteer donors."( Fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and melphalan (FALG with L-PAM) as a reduced toxicity conditioning regimen in children with acute leukemia.
Kato, K; Matsumoto, K; Matsuyama, T; Yoshida, N, 2014)		0.4
"Modified Bu/Flu as a new RIC regimen is well tolerated and safe for patients who need allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, especially in older patients and/or patients with severe comorbidities."( [The efficacy and safety of modified busulfan/fludarabine conditioning regimen in elderly or drug-intolerable patients with hematologic malignancies].
Chen, H; Fu, HX; Huang, XJ; Liu, DH; Liu, KY; Sun, YQ; Tang, FF; Wang, FR; Wang, Y; Xu, LP, 2013)		0.66
" The FB3-ATG2 regimen is safe and efficient in both lymphoid and myeloid disorders."( Feasibility of the fludarabine busulfan 3 days and ATG 2 days reduced toxicity conditioning in 51 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-center experience.
Chantepie, SP; Gac, AC; Reman, O, 2014)		0.69
" Because a safe Bu exposure was unknown in patients receiving this combination, Bu was initially targeted to a total area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 20,000 μM × minute."( Safety and efficacy of targeted-dose busulfan and bortezomib as a conditioning regimen for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma undergoing a second autologous blood progenitor cell transplantation.
Akpek, G; Armstrong, E; Elekes, A; Freytes, CO; Kato, K; Patil, S; Ratanatharathorn, V; Reece, DE; Rodriguez, TE; Sahovic, E; Shaughnessy, PJ; Smith, A; Solomon, SR; Stadtmauer, EA; Toro, JJ; Tricot, GJ; White, DJ; Yeh, RF; Yu, LH; Zhao, C, 2014)		0.68
" These findings revealed that SSC of Balb/C mice are more sensitive to the toxic effects of busulfan then those of Swiss mice."( Gonadotoxic effects of busulfan in two strains of mice.
Bordignon, V; Chemeris, RO; Comim, FV; Glanzner, WG; Gonçalves, PB; Gutierrez, K; Rigo, ML, 2016)		0.97
" Our study indicated that intratesticular injection busulfan for the preparation of recipients in mice is safe and feasible."( Testicular Busulfan Injection in Mice to Prepare Recipients for Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation Is Safe and Non-Toxic.
Chen, X; Hao, H; He, Y; Liang, M; Liu, L; Qin, T; Qin, Y; Wang, C; Wang, D; Zhao, X, 2016)		1.07
" Moreover, it appears to be safe with a low NRM rate among high-risk patients."( The efficacy and safety of a new reduced-toxicity conditioning with 4 days of once-daily 100 mg/m(2) intravenous busulfan associated with fludarabine and antithymocyte globulins prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with high-risk myel
Blaise, D; Calmels, B; Castagna, L; Chabannon, C; Crocchiolo, R; Devillier, R; El-Cheikh, J; Faucher, C; Furst, S; Granata, A; Harbi, S; Lemarie, C; Vey, N; Wanquet, A; Weiller, PJ, 2016)		0.65
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)		0.43
" In conclusion, the beneficial properties of SKEO pre-treatment and co-treatment by its herbal potent anti-oxidants may reduce adverse effects of chemotherapy in the reproductive system in a rodent system."( Busulfan-mediated oxidative stress and genotoxicity decrease in sperm of Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil-administered mice.
Nasimi, P; Roohi, S; Tabandeh, MR, 2018)		1.92
" In conclusion, heat shock with busulfan treatment is a safe method to prepare the recipient of SSC transplantation in mice."( The Safe Recipient of SSC Transplantation Prepared by Heat Shock With Busulfan Treatment in Mice.
Gao, W; Jia, H; Ma, W; Wang, J, 2018)		1
" While the toxicity of busulfan is well investigated, little is known about the toxic effects of its impurities."( Daily Intravenous Infusion of Busulfan Impurity 5 for 4 Days Is Not Associated With Toxic Effects in the Rat.
Bothe, MK; Cade, D; Franckenstein, D; Quatresous, E; Westphal, M, )		0.73
" TBC combined with thiotepa is highly toxic to the skin with various cutaneous manifestations."( Skin toxicity following treosulfan-thiotepa-fludarabine-based conditioning regimen in non-malignant pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Altman Kohl, S; Even-Or, E; Molho-Pessach, V; Stepensky, P; Zaidman, I, 2020)		0.56
" In the safety outcomes, incidents of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) were recorded, as well as other adverse events."( Busulfan systemic exposure and its relationship with efficacy and safety in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a meta-analysis.
Fan, D; Feng, X; Li, J; Wu, Y; Yang, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, L; Zhu, G, 2020)		2
"Patients with primary HLH transplanted 2009-2016 after treosulfan- or melphalan-based conditioning regimens were analyzed in a retrospective multicenter study for survival, engraftment, chimerism, and adverse events."( Risk factors for mixed chimerism in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after reduced toxicity conditioning.
Albert, MH; Bader, P; Beier, R; Burkhardt, B; Chada, M; Ehl, S; Greil, J; Gruhn, B; Janka, G; Kühl, JS; Lang, P; Lehmberg, K; Meisel, R; Müller, I; Ozga, AK; Schlegel, PG; Schulz, A; Seidel, M; Speckmann, C; Sykora, KW; Wawer, A; Wössmann, W; Wustrau, K, 2020)		0.56
" Trends toward improved survival were seen in patients transplanted for myeloid disease using bone marrow as stem cell source who achieved a busulfan AUC > 4000 μmol*min/day with two-year relapse-free survival approaching 80% CONCLUSIONS: This conditioning regimen is safe and effective in patients with high-risk leukemias, particularly myeloid disease."( Reduced-toxicity conditioning regimen with busulfan, fludarabine, rATG, and 400 cGy TBI in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant for high-risk hematologic malignancies.
Chaudhury, S; Duerst, RE; Jacobsohn, D; Kletzel, M; Kwon, S; Rossoff, J; Schneiderman, J; Tse, WT, 2021)		1.09
" In this study, we aimed to investigate the side effect of Bu/Cy and Bu/Flu regimens on our patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation."( Adverse Effects of Busulfan Plus Cyclophosphamide versus Busulfan Plus Fludarabine as Conditioning Regimens for Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.
Hajifathali, A; Mabani, M; Mehdizadeh, M; Parkhideh, S; Rezvani, H; Salari, S, 2021)		0.95
"The therapeutic-related adverse effects of the two conditioning regimens in patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplant were almost similar."( Adverse Effects of Busulfan Plus Cyclophosphamide versus Busulfan Plus Fludarabine as Conditioning Regimens for Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.
Hajifathali, A; Mabani, M; Mehdizadeh, M; Parkhideh, S; Rezvani, H; Salari, S, 2021)		0.95
" Grade 3 adverse events included mucositis, diarrhea, and liver transaminitis (n = 3 each)."( Adding venetoclax to fludarabine/busulfan RIC transplant for high-risk MDS and AML is feasible, safe, and active.
Antin, JH; Brock, J; Cutler, CS; DeAngelo, DJ; Fell, G; Garcia, JS; Gooptu, M; Ho, VT; Karp, HQ; Kim, AS; Kim, HT; Koreth, J; Letai, A; Lindsley, RC; Loschi, F; Lucas, F; Mashaka, T; Murdock, HM; Nikiforow, S; Potter, D; Romee, R; Ryan, J; Shapiro, R; Soiffer, RJ; Stone, RM, 2021)		0.9
"We prospectively studied clofarabine-fludarabine-busulfan (CloFluBu)-conditioning in allogeneic hematopoietic cell therapy (HCT) for lymphoid and myeloid malignancies and hypothesized that CloFluBu provides a less toxic alternative to conventional conditioning regimens, with adequate antileukemic activity."( Clofarabine-fludarabine-busulfan in HCT for pediatric leukemia: an effective, low toxicity, TBI-free conditioning regimen.
Bierings, M; Boelens, JJ; Bresters, D; de Koning, CCH; Kollen, WJ; Lankester, AC; Lindemans, CA; Nierkens, S; Versluijs, AB, 2022)		1.28
" Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is curative and safe at the pediatric age but remains underperformed in adults."( Curative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following reduced toxicity conditioning in adults with primary immunodeficiency.
Asnafi, V; Catherinot, É; Cheminant, M; Couderc, LJ; Fischer, A; Hermine, O; Jeljeli, M; Lanternier, F; Lortholary, O; Mahlaoui, N; Marçais, A; Moshous, D; Neven, B; Picard, C; Salvator, H; Suarez, F; van Endert, P, 2022)		0.72
" However, considering a wide variation in the effects of busulfan among animal species, its dosage and route of infusion need optimization to prepare effective and safe recipients."( Establishment of effective and safe recipient preparation for germ-cell transplantation with intra-testicular busulfan treatment in pre-pubertal Barbari goats.
Chauhan, MS; Kharche, SD; Pathak, M; Pawaiya, RVS; Quadri, SA; Singh, MK; Singh, SP; Soni, YK, 2022)		1.18
" The prediction of transplantation-related mortality (TRM) using the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) score and an arbitrary upper age limit of 55 years for administering myeloablative conditioning (MAC) are common strategies to ensure a safe procedure."( Myeloablative Dose of Busulfan and Fludarabine Combined with In Vivo T Cell Depletion Is Safe and Effective Conditioning for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients.
Alshehri, H; Anteh, S; Avenoso, D; Bourlon, C; Bouziana, S; Dazzi, F; de Farias, M; Dragoi, OD; Gameil, A; Hannah, G; Kenyon, M; Krishnamurthy, P; Kulasekararaj, A; Leung, YT; Mehra, V; Pagliuca, A; Potter, V; Serpenti, F; Shah, MN; Slonim, LB; Wood, H, 2023)		1.22

Pharmacokinetics

Busulfan pharmacokinetic (PK) monitoring of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) is necessary to minimize adverse events associated with both under- and over-dosing of busulfan during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This IV form is expected to reduce the high pharmacokinetics variability exhibited with oral busulfa.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The elimination half-life for the last dose in young children was shorter (2."( Pharmacokinetics of high-dose busulphan in relation to age and chronopharmacology.
Aschan, J; Bekassy, AN; Ehrsson, H; Hassan, M; Ljungman, P; Lönnerholm, G; Oberg, G; Smedmyr, B; Taube, A; Wallin, I, 1991)		0.28
" Concentrations were fit by a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption."( Pharmacokinetics of busulfan: correlation with veno-occlusive disease in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Braine, HG; Brundrett, RB; Chen, TL; Colvin, OM; Grochow, LB; Jones, RJ; Santos, GW; Saral, R, 1989)		0.6
" Administration of busulfan as crushed rather than whole tablets reduced the delay time for appearance of busulfan in plasma but had no effect on absorption or other pharmacokinetic parameters."( Busulfan pharmacokinetics using a single daily high-dose regimen in children with acute leukemia.
Brian, RJ; Earl, JW; Scharping, CE; Shaw, PJ, 1994)		2.06
" We investigated a 6-h and a 34-h infusion of VP-16 to compare pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicity."( Pharmacokinetics of high-dose VP-16: 6-hour infusion versus 34-hour infusion.
Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Krüger, W; Mross, K; Reifke, J; Stockschläder, M; Zander, A, 1994)		0.29
" VP-16 concentrations were measured in all plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection, and the results were analyzed with a pharmacokinetic data analysis system."( Pharmacokinetics of undiluted or diluted high-dose etoposide with or without busulfan administered to patients with hematologic malignancies.
Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Krüger, W; Mross, K; Stockschläder, M; Zander, A, 1994)		0.52
"All calculated pharmacokinetic parameters in the two patient groups (VP-16 administered diluted or undiluted) were similar."( Pharmacokinetics of undiluted or diluted high-dose etoposide with or without busulfan administered to patients with hematologic malignancies.
Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Krüger, W; Mross, K; Stockschläder, M; Zander, A, 1994)		0.52
"The two administration modes for VP-16, either diluted or undiluted, are bioequivalent in pharmacokinetic terms."( Pharmacokinetics of undiluted or diluted high-dose etoposide with or without busulfan administered to patients with hematologic malignancies.
Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Krüger, W; Mross, K; Stockschläder, M; Zander, A, 1994)		0.52
" In adults, pharmacodynamic studies have shown a positive correlation between high-systemic exposure of the drug and venocclusive disease (VOD)."( Aspects concerning busulfan pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.
Ehrsson, H; Hassan, M; Ljungman, P, 1996)		0.62
"The development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for determination of busulfan concentrations in human plasma for pharmacokinetic studies is described."( Validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay method for pharmacokinetic evaluation of busulfan.
Barnett, MJ; Burns, RB; Embree, L; Fung, HC; Heggie, JR; Knight, G; Ng, CS; Spinelli, JJ; Wu, M, 1997)		0.72
" Pharmacokinetic parameters in individual patients have been related to short-term toxicity and risk of relapse after HSCT."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan and evaluation of the bioavailability of the oral formulation in conditioning for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Deeg, J; Ehninger, G; Ehrsam, M; Schmidt, H; Schneider, A; Schuler, US, 1998)		0.58
" The mean AUC, Css, Cmax and MRV were significantly higher in group B as compared with group A for both doses 1 and 13."( Pharmacokinetics of oral busulphan in children with beta thalassaemia major undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Aigrain, EJ; Chandy, M; Dennison, D; Kanagasabapathy, AS; Krishnamoorthy, R; Poonkuzhali, B; Quernin, MH; Srivastava, A, 1999)		0.3
"002) longer elimination half-life in group A (10."( The effect of busulphan on the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and its 4-hydroxy metabolite: time interval influence on therapeutic efficacy and therapy-related toxicity.
Abdel-Rehim, M; Astner, L; Békassy, A; Bielenstein, M; Georén, S; Hassan, M; Hassan, Z; Ljungman, P; Nilsson, C; Oberg, G; Ringdén, O, 2000)		0.31
" Pharmacokinetic dosing of BU may be important for prevention of NRM but does not appear to influence the risk of relapse in this largely pediatric population with AML."( Busulfan pharmacokinetics do not predict relapse in acute myeloid leukemia.
Baker, KS; Blazar, BR; Bostrom, B; DeFor, T; Ramsay, NK; Woods, WG, 2000)		1.75
" Bu was used as reference solution, the pharmacokinetic analysis indicated an average bioavailability of oral high-dose Bu of 69%, ranging from <10% to virtually 100%."( Acute safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan when used with oral busulfan and cyclophosphamide as pretransplantation conditioning therapy: a phase I study.
Andersson, BS; Blume, KG; Champlin, RE; Chow, DS; Hu, WW; Madden, T; Tran, HT; Vaughan, WP, 2000)		0.56
"A Phase I dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of the alkylating cytotoxic agent treosulfan was conducted to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicities in patients with advanced malignancies rescued by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation."( Clinical phase I dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of high-dose chemotherapy with treosulfan and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with advanced malignancies.
Baumgart, J; Berdel, WE; Bojko, P; Bornhäuser, M; Casper, J; Ehninger, G; Freund, M; Harstrick, A; Hilger, RA; Josten, KM; Oberhoff, C; Scheulen, ME; Schindler, AE; Seeber, S; Wolf, HH, 2000)		0.31
"The current practice for the dose calculation of most anticancer agents is based on body surface area in m2, although lower interpatient variation in pharmacokinetic parameters has been reported with pharmacokinetically guided administration."( Pharmacokinetically guided administration of chemotherapeutic agents.
Beijnen, JH; Mathôt, RA; Schellens, JH; van den Bongard, HJ, 2000)		0.31
" Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma busulfan levels alerted staff to the dosing error."( Accidental busulfan overdose: enhanced drug clearance with hemodialysis in a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
Ben-Ari, J; Bentur, Y; Davidovitz, M; Gamzu, Z; Hoffer, E; Krivoy, N; Stein, J; Tabak, A; Yaniv, I, 2001)		0.98
"The contribution of the bone marrow to in vivo erythropoietin (EPO) elimination was evaluated by determining EPO pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters in five adult sheep in a paired manner before and after chemotherapy-induced marrow ablation."( Changes in erythropoietin pharmacokinetics following busulfan-induced bone marrow ablation in sheep: evidence for bone marrow as a major erythropoietin elimination pathway.
Chapel, S; Hohl, RJ; McGuire, EM; Schmidt, RL; Veng-Pedersen, P; Widness, JA, 2001)		0.56
" This method was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of busulfan after the first administration of 1 mg/kg orally, in 13 children receiving the drug as part of the preparative regimen for bone marrow transplantation."( Quantification of busulfan in plasma by liquid chromatography-ion spray mass spectrometry. Application to pharmacokinetic studies in children.
Aigrain, EJ; Duval, M; Litalien, C; Quernin, MH; Vilmer, E, 2001)		0.88
"In order to control busulfan pharmacokinetic variability and toxicity, a specific monitoring protocol was instituted in our bone marrow transplant BMT paediatric patients including a test dose, daily Bayesian forecasting of busulfan plasma levels, and Bayesian individualization of busulfan dosage regimens."( Improved clinical outcome of paediatric bone marrow recipients using a test dose and Bayesian pharmacokinetic individualization of busulfan dosage regimens.
Aulagner, G; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Dai, Q; Galambrun, C; Janoly, A; Jelliffe, RW; Magron, P; Maire, P; Martin, P; Souillet, G, 2001)		0.84
" Although busulfan is used frequently in children as part of a myeloablative regimen prior to bone marrow transplantation, pharmacokinetic data on intravenous busulfan in children are scarce."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in children prior to stem cell transplantation.
Ball, L; Bredius, R; Cremers, S; den Hartigh, J; Schoemaker, R; Twiss, I; Vermeij, P; Vossen, J, 2002)		1
" Pharmacokinetic studies were done using 11 samples with the first and fourth doses of Bu."( Once-daily intravenous busulfan given with fludarabine as conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation: study of pharmacokinetics and early clinical outcomes.
Andersson, BS; Brown, C; Chaudhry, A; Duggan, P; Glick, S; Gyonyor, E; Morris, D; Quinlan, D; Ruether, JD; Russell, JA; Stewart, D; Tran, HT, 2002)		0.63
" Variability due to drug metabolism remains, but simplified pharmacokinetic study may be employed to achieve a specific target AUC."( A limited sampling strategy for pharmacokinetic directed therapy with intravenous busulfan.
Carey, D; Perry, S; Salzman, DE; Vaughan, WP; Westfall, AO, 2002)		0.54
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived by modeling the raw data to fit first-order single compartment kinetics."( Plasma pharmacokinetics of high-dose oral busulfan in children and adults undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Blazar, B; Bostrom, B; Bruns, A; Enockson, K; Johnson, A, 2003)		0.58
" Epo's elimination kinetics was studied using a very sensitive tracer interaction method (TIM) before and after chemical ablation of BM as an indirect way of evaluating the EpoR through an assortment of pharmacokinetic parameters (VM, KM, K, and CL) used in differentiating the EpoR population in newborn and adult sheep."( A differential pharmacokinetic analysis of the erythropoietin receptor population in newborn and adult sheep.
Al-Huniti, NH; Chapel, S; Hohl, RJ; Schmidt, RL; Sedars, EM; Veng-Pedersen, P; Widness, JA, 2003)		0.32
" Plasma concentration-time data were analysed by population pharmacokinetic modelling using NONMEM."( Population pharmacokinetics of oral busulfan in children.
Boos, J; Ehninger, G; Gruhn, B; Hempel, G; Jenke, A; Klingebiel, T; Mürdter, TE; Ritter, CA; Schiltmeyer, B; Schwab, M; Würthwein, G, 2003)		0.59
" The influence of different covariates on the pharmacokinetic parameters was tested."( Population pharmacokinetics of oral busulfan in children.
Boos, J; Ehninger, G; Gruhn, B; Hempel, G; Jenke, A; Klingebiel, T; Mürdter, TE; Ritter, CA; Schiltmeyer, B; Schwab, M; Würthwein, G, 2003)		0.59
" Median busulfan clearance was 109 mL/min/m2 and median daily area-under-the-plasma-concentration-versus-time-curve was 4871 micromol-min, with negligible interdose variability in pharmacokinetic parameters."( Once-daily intravenous busulfan and fludarabine: clinical and pharmacokinetic results of a myeloablative, reduced-toxicity conditioning regimen for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in AML and MDS.
Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Couriel, D; de Lima, M; Giralt, S; Jones, R; Korbling, M; Madden, T; Pierre, B; Russell, JA; Shahjahan, M; Shpall, EJ; Thall, PF; Wang, X, 2004)		1.07
" This pharmacokinetic study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the apparent oral clearance obtained after administering a lower (0."( Intraindividual variability in busulfan pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing a bone marrow transplant: assessment of a test dose and first dose strategy.
Decker, J; Garbriel, D; Harvey, D; Kirby, S; Lindley, C; McCune, J; Petros, WP; Serody, J; Shea, T; Shord, S; Wiley, J, 2004)		0.61
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed after the first dose."( Intravenous busulfan in children prior to stem cell transplantation: study of pharmacokinetics in association with early clinical outcome and toxicity.
Ball, LM; Bredius, RG; Cremers, SC; den Hartigh, J; Egeler, RM; Lankester, AC; Teepe-Twiss, IM; Vossen, JM; Zwaveling, J, 2005)		0.71
" This IV form is expected to reduce the high pharmacokinetic variability exhibited with oral busulfan and as a result, to better target the plasma area under the curve (AUC)."( Intravenous busulfan in adults prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a population pharmacokinetic study.
Leger, F; Lennon, S; Nguyen, L; Puozzo, C, 2006)		0.93
"A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in 30 patients who received an intravenous busulfan and cyclophosphamide regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation."( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Nakashima, D; Takama, H; Takaue, Y; Tanaka, H; Ueda, R, 2006)		0.82
"Therapeutic drug monitoring is used to minimize toxicity and maximize the therapeutic efficacy of busulfan, which shows high intra- and interpatient pharmacokinetic variability and erratic oral absorption."( Development of a pharmacokinetic and Bayesian optimal sampling model for individualization of oral busulfan in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Booker, BM; Bullock, JM; Capozzi, D; Loughner, J; McCarthy, PL; Shaw, LM; Smith, PF, 2006)		0.77
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from plasma busulfan concentration."( Influence of glutathione S-transferase A1 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of busulfan.
Iga, T; Kanda, Y; Kubota, T; Kusama, M; Matsukura, Y; Matsuno, K; Ogawa, S, 2006)		0.81
"Busulfan pharmacokinetic (PK) data showed the area under the curve (AUC), drug half-life, and drug clearance were consistent within each dose group and similar to those reported in children."( Busulfan pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and low-dose conditioning for autologous transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells in the rhesus macaque model.
Donahue, RE; Hsieh, MM; Kang, EM; Krouse, A; Metzger, M; Sadelain, M; Tisdale, JF, 2006)		3.22
"We performed a Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of once-daily, intravenously administered busulfan in the setting of a reduced-intensity preparative regimen and matched sibling donor allogeneic stem cell transplantation for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of once-daily dosing of intravenously administered busulfan in the setting of a reduced-intensity preparative regimen and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma.
Alexander, W; Bachier, C; LeMaistre, C; Pollack, M; Ririe, D; Shaughnessy, P; Splichal, J; Tran, H, 2006)		0.78
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed after the first dose."( Once-daily intravenous busulfan in children prior to stem cell transplantation: study of pharmacokinetics and early clinical outcomes.
Bredius, RG; den Hartigh, J; Egeler, RM; Guchelaar, HJ; Lankester, AC; Maarten Bredius, RG; Zwaveling, J, 2006)		0.64
" Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of the measurement fulfilled analytical criteria accepted in pharmacokinetic studies."( Determination of treosulfan in plasma and urine by HPLC with refractometric detection; pharmacokinetic studies in children undergoing myeloablative treatment prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Grund, G; Główka, FK; Wachowiak, J; Łada, MK, 2007)		0.34
" The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of F-ara-A (9-beta-D-arabinosyl-2-fluoradenine) before and after application of busulfan were prospectively investigated in 16 patients with hematological malignancies."( F-ara-A pharmacokinetics during reduced-intensity conditioning therapy with fludarabine and busulfan.
Bergeman, T; Bonin, M; Bornhauser, M; Ehninger, G; Illmer, T; Leopold, T; Pursche, S; Schleyer, E, 2007)		0.77
" Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic index, giving rise to major liver toxicity (veno-occlusive disease), and a wide interpatient and intrapatient pharmacokinetic variability."( Influence of underlying disease on busulfan disposition in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients: a nonparametric population pharmacokinetic study.
Aulagner, G; Bertholle-Bonnet, V; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Galambrun, C; Mialou, V; Souillet, G, 2007)		1.53
" The population pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a clearance of 86."( Cytotoxicity of dimethylacetamide and pharmacokinetics in children receiving intravenous busulfan.
Boos, J; Gruhn, B; Hempel, G; Klingebiel, T; Lanvers-Kaminsky, C; Oechtering, D; Vormoor, J, 2007)		0.56
" In the (T)BU/CY patients only, the association of the pharmacokinetic data with liver toxicity, relapse, and survival was evaluated."( Cyclophosphamide following targeted oral busulfan as conditioning for hematopoietic cell transplantation: pharmacokinetics, liver toxicity, and mortality.
Batchelder, A; Cole, S; Deeg, HJ; Gooley, T; McCune, JS; McDonald, GB; Phillips, B; Schoch, HG, 2007)		0.61
"The objectives of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and to determine the covariates affecting the pharmacokinetics of busulfan in Japanese pediatric patients who received high-dose oral busulfan as a conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation."( Population pharmacokinetics of oral busulfan in young Japanese children before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Ariyoshi, N; Kitada, M; Miura, G; Nakamura, H; Nakazawa, K; Okada, K; Sato, T, 2008)		0.82
" Blood samples (4-10) were collected after the first dose, busulphan concentrations were measured and pharmacokinetic parameters, including clearance (CL) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), were determined using the Kinetica software (Innaphase)."( Variability in the pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulphan given as a single daily dose to paediatric blood or marrow transplant recipients.
Earl, JW; Nath, CE; Pati, N; Shaw, PJ; Stephen, K, 2008)		0.35
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)		0.35
"The effect of glutathione S-transferase variants on pediatric busulfan metabolism was investigated by noncompartmental and population pharmacokinetic modeling."( Glutathione S-transferase A1 genetic variants reduce busulfan clearance in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Baker, KS; Brundage, R; Cao, Q; Farag-El Maasah, S; Jacobson, PA; Johnson, L; Langer, E; Orchard, PJ; Remmel, R; Ross, JA; Wang, X, 2008)		0.84
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM)."( Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms are not associated with population pharmacokinetic parameters of busulfan in pediatric patients.
Bartelink, IH; Boelens, JJ; Bredius, RG; den Hartigh, J; Guchelaar, HJ; Press, RR; van Derstraaten, TR; Zwaveling, J, 2008)		0.56
"Lifespan-based pharmacodynamic (PD) models of cellular response assume that the lifespan of cells is predetermined at the time of cellular production, despite recognized changes in the cellular environment following production that may alter the survival of the cells."( Pharmacodynamic modeling of the effect of changes in the environment on cellular lifespan and cellular response.
Freise, KJ; Schmidt, RL; Veng-Pedersen, P; Widness, JA, 2008)		0.35
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated following first dose using a two-compartment disposition model."( Pharmacokinetics of high-dose i.v. treosulfan in children undergoing treosulfan-based preparative regimen for allogeneic haematopoietic SCT.
Grund, G; Główka, FK; Karaźniewicz-Łada, M; Wachowiak, J; Wróbel, T, 2008)		0.35
" The goal of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate any age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences in pediatric patients who received BU as a conditioning agent."( Evaluating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous busulfan in pediatric patients receiving bone marrow transplantation.
Ikeda, A; Kim, AH; Moore, TB; Tse, JC, 2009)		0.59
" Results of clinical outcome of previous studies performed to optimize busulfan and CsA therapy by controlling their pharmacokinetic variability by means of maximum a posteriori (MAP) Bayesian individualization of both drugs are presented."( The use of pharmacokinetic models in paediatric onco-haematology: effects on clinical outcome through the examples of busulfan and cyclosporine.
Bleyzac, N, 2008)		0.79
" Multivariate regression models showed that, other than the drug dose and age, the GSTM1 genotype was the best predictor of first-dose pharmacokinetic variability."( Influence of GST gene polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetics in children.
Ansari, M; Champagne, MA; Duval, M; Krajinovic, M; Lauzon-Joset, JF; Théoret, Y; Vachon, MF, 2010)		0.63
" Population pharmacokinetic modeling and determination of an optimal pharmacokinetic sampling schedule over 6 hours could allow for personalizing these busulfan doses in the outpatient clinic."( Development of a population pharmacokinetics-based sampling schedule to target daily intravenous busulfan for outpatient clinic administration.
Blough, DK; McCune, JS; O'Donnell, PV; Pawlikowski, MA; Salinger, DH; Vicini, P, 2010)		0.78
"We developed a population pharmacokinetic model of oral busulfan in Japanese adults."( Population pharmacokinetic study of a test dose oral busulfan in Japanese adult patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Hara, S; Jimi, S; Ogata, K; Sasaki, N; Takamatsu, Y; Tamura, K; Yukawa, E, 2010)		0.86
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) data were compared with those previously collected in patients (n=127) treated with phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis."( Influence on Busilvex pharmacokinetics of clonazepam compared to previous phenytoin historical data.
Bacigalupo, A; Buzyn, A; Cahn, JY; Carreras, E; Kröger, N; Puozzo, C; Sanz, G; Vernant, JP, 2010)		0.36
" We retrospectively compared outcomes of a consecutive series of 51 AML patients treated with oral busulfan (1 mg/kg every 6 hours for 4 days) and cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg IV × 2 days) - (Bu/Cy) with 100 consecutive AML patients treated with pharmacokinetic targeted IV busulfan (AUC < 6000 μM/L*min per day × 4 days) and fludarabine (40 mg/m2 × 4 days) - (t-IV Bu/Flu)."( Pharmacokinetic targeting of intravenous busulfan reduces conditioning regimen related toxicity following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia.
Anasetti, C; Fernandez, HF; Field, T; Kharfan-Dabaja, MA; Kim, J; Nishihori, T; Perez, L; Perkins, J; Pidala, J, 2010)		0.84
") busulfan can produce a more consistent pharmacokinetic profile than oral formulations can, but nonetheless, significant interpatient variability is evident."( Influence of GST gene polymorphisms on the clearance of intravenous busulfan in adult patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Bae, KS; Choi, Y; Han, SB; Hur, EH; Kim, DY; Kim, SD; Lee, JH; Lee, KH; Lim, HS; Lim, SN; Noh, GJ; Yun, SC, 2011)		1.33
"A prospective clinical trial was performed in order to validate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical benefits of a new dosing schedule of intravenous busulfan (IV Bu) in children."( Weight-based strategy of dose administration in children using intravenous busulfan: clinical and pharmacokinetic results.
Bertrand, Y; Bordigoni, P; Demeocq, F; Doz, F; Esperou, H; Frappaz, D; Galambrun, C; Gentet, JC; Méchinaud, F; Michel, G; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Socié, G; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G; Yakouben, K, 2012)		0.81
" A one-compartment population model was used to estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters."( Effect of genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding GST isoenzymes on BU pharmacokinetics in adult patients undergoing hematopoietic SCT.
den Hartigh, J; Guchelaar, HJ; ten Brink, MH; van der Straaten, T; von dem Borne, PA; Wessels, JA; Zwaveling, J, 2012)		0.38
"To evaluate the ability of a physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the systemic drug exposure of high- and low-dose etoposide in children from a model developed with adult data."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of high- and low-dose etoposide: from adults to children.
Boos, J; Hempel, G; Kersting, G; Lippert, J; Willmann, S; Würthwein, G, 2012)		0.38
" This approach could be useful for planning pharmacokinetic studies in children."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of high- and low-dose etoposide: from adults to children.
Boos, J; Hempel, G; Kersting, G; Lippert, J; Willmann, S; Würthwein, G, 2012)		0.38
"Busulfan pharmacokinetic (PK) monitoring of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) is necessary to minimize adverse events associated with both under- and over-dosing of busulfan during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)."( Clinical consequences of analytical variance and calculation strategy in oral busulfan pharmacokinetics.
Clarke, W; Lombardi, L; Olson, MT, 2011)		2.04
"Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic range, and in children, pharmacokinetic variability has been found to be high even after the use of intravenous (i."( Highly variable pharmacokinetics of once-daily intravenous busulfan when combined with fludarabine in pediatric patients: phase I clinical study for determination of optimal once-daily busulfan dose using pharmacokinetic modeling.
Ahn, HS; Han, EJ; Jang, IJ; Jang, MK; Kang, HJ; Kim, H; Kim, NH; Lee, JW; Lee, SH; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Song, SH; Yu, KS; Yuk, YJ, 2012)		2.06
"The clinical advantage of pharmacokinetic (PK)-directed-based dosing on intravenous (i."( Pharmacokinetic-directed high-dose busulfan combined with cyclophosphamide and etoposide results in predictable drug levels and durable long-term survival in lymphoma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.
Ali, Z; Dada, MO; Flowers, CR; Graiser, M; Hutcherson, DA; McMillan, S; Waller, EK; Zhang, H, 2012)		0.66
" The authors conducted an observational study aiming to investigate the behavior and ontogeny of IV Bu pharmacokinetic (PK) disposition, and to reevaluate the consistency of the BW-based dosing in very young children with rare diseases."( Pharmacokinetic behavior and appraisal of intravenous busulfan dosing in infants and older children: the results of a population pharmacokinetic study from a large pediatric cohort undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Abdi, ZD; Bleyzac, N; Broutin, S; Dalle, JH; Galambrun, C; Kemmel, V; Moshous, D; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Pétain, A; Vassal, G, 2012)		0.63
" Covariates were selected on the basis of their known or theoretical relationships with busulfan pharmacokinetics and were plotted independently against the individual pharmacokinetic parameters and the weighted residuals of the model without covariates to visualize relations."( Body weight-dependent pharmacokinetics of busulfan in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: towards individualized dosing.
Bartelink, IH; Bierings, MB; Boelens, JJ; Bredius, RG; Danhof, M; Egberts, AC; Hempel, G; Knibbe, CA; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Wang, C; Zwaveling, J, 2012)		0.87
" Busulfan analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and data analysed using a NONMEM population pharmacokinetic approach."( Busulfan pharmacokinetics following intravenous and oral dosing regimens in children receiving high-dose myeloablative chemotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma as part of the HR-NBL-1/SIOPEN trial.
Amiel, M; Brock, P; Ladenstein, R; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Riggi, M; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G; Veal, GJ, 2012)		2.73
"Busulfan plasma concentrations obtained from 38 patients receiving IV busulfan and 25 patients receiving oral busulfan, were fitted simultaneously using a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model."( Busulfan pharmacokinetics following intravenous and oral dosing regimens in children receiving high-dose myeloablative chemotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma as part of the HR-NBL-1/SIOPEN trial.
Amiel, M; Brock, P; Ladenstein, R; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Riggi, M; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G; Veal, GJ, 2012)		3.26
"The reduced pharmacokinetic variability and improved control of busulfan AUC observed following IV administration support its utility within the ongoing HR-NBL-1/SIOPEN trial."( Busulfan pharmacokinetics following intravenous and oral dosing regimens in children receiving high-dose myeloablative chemotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma as part of the HR-NBL-1/SIOPEN trial.
Amiel, M; Brock, P; Ladenstein, R; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Riggi, M; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G; Veal, GJ, 2012)		2.06
" The present study provides an integration of pharmacokinetic and genetic data of 63 adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) preconditioned for HSCT with high dose oral BU, with the aim of defining biomarkers predictive of poor BU metabolism."( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analysis of oral busulfan in stem cell transplantation: prediction of poor drug metabolism to prevent drug toxicity.
Efrati, E; Elkin, H; Froymovich, L; Krivoy, N; Rowe, JM; Zuckerman, T, 2012)		0.63
"Recently a pediatric pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed for busulfan to explain the wide variability in PK of busulfan in children, as this variability is known to influence the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in terms of toxicity and event free survival."( Predictive performance of a busulfan pharmacokinetic model in children and young adults.
Bartelink, IH; Bierings, MB; Boelens, JJ; Chiesa, R; Cuvelier, GD; Danhof, M; Egberts, TC; Knibbe, CA; Slatter, MA; van Kesteren, C; Wynn, RF, 2012)		0.91
" For the purpose of efficient function as platelet substitute, H12-(ADP)-liposomes should potentially have both acceptable pharmacokinetic and biodegradable properties under conditions of an adaptation disease including thrombocytopenia induced by anticancer drugs."( Pharmacokinetic study of adenosine diphosphate-encapsulated liposomes coated with fibrinogen γ-chain dodecapeptide as a synthetic platelet substitute in an anticancer drug-induced thrombocytopenia rat model.
Doi, M; Fujiyama, A; Handa, M; Ikeda, Y; Maruyama, T; Otagiri, M; Taguchi, K; Takeoka, S; Ujihira, H; Watanabe, H, 2013)		0.39
" Plasma busulfan concentrations were determined by HPLC-UV and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the WinNonlin program."( Influence of fludarabine on the pharmacokinetics of oral busulfan during pretransplant conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Colturato, VA; de Castro, FA; Lanchote, VL; Simões, BP; Voltarelli, JC, 2013)		1.07
"A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was established and evaluated describing the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the DNA-alkylating agent Busulfan in adults in order to predict the systemic Busulfan drug exposure in both plasma and toxicity-related organs."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of Busulfan: a new approach to describe and predict the pharmacokinetics in adults.
Boos, J; Diestelhorst, C; Hempel, G; Kangarloo, SB; McCune, JS; Russell, J, 2013)		0.84
"When growing up, the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of drugs change, which may alter the effect of drugs."( Towards evidence-based dosing regimens in children on the basis of population pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modelling.
Admiraal, R; Boelens, JJ; Bredius, RG; Knibbe, CA; Tibboel, D; van Kesteren, C, 2014)		0.4
" Pharmacokinetic data to optimize treosulfan dosing are scarce in this patient population."( Pharmacokinetics of treosulfan in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Ackaert, O; Bredius, RG; den Hartigh, J; Guchelaar, HJ; Lankester, AC; Smiers, FJ; Ten Brink, MH; Zwaveling, J, 2014)		0.4
"We developed a new population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for intravenous (i."( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in children: revised body weight-dependent NONMEM® model to optimize dosing.
Boos, J; Diestelhorst, C; Hempel, G; McCune, JS, 2014)		0.67
"A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of the DNA-alkylating agent busulfan was slightly modified and scaled from adults to children in order to predict the systemic busulfan drug exposure in children."( Predictive performance of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of busulfan in children.
Boos, J; Diestelhorst, C; Hempel, G; Kangarloo, SB; McCune, JS; Russell, J, 2014)		0.86
"Population pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of busulfan in children have shown that individualized model-based algorithms provide improved targeted busulfan therapy when compared with conventional dose guidelines."( Population pharmacokinetics of busulfan in pediatric and young adult patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant: a model-based dosing algorithm for personalized therapy and implementation into routine clinical use.
Bartelink, I; Cowan, MJ; Dvorak, CC; French, D; Horn, B; Law, J; Long-Boyle, JR; Musick, L; Savic, R; Yan, S, 2015)		0.97
"One hundred and eighty-five patients were accrued; 174 provided useable pharmacokinetic data."( Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of busulfan in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation; an alliance study (CALGB 10503, 19808, and 100103).
Alyea, EP; Beumer, JH; Blum, W; Christner, SM; Devine, S; Egorin, MJ; Holleran, JL; Jiang, C; Kolitz, JE; Larson, RA; Lewis, LD; Linker, C; Owzar, K; Ratain, MJ; Vij, R, 2014)		0.67
" This study aimed to assess busulfan pharmacokinetic variability in pretransplant conditioning regimens using an analytical method validated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector (HPLC/PDA)."( Individualizing oral busulfan dose after using a test dose in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pharmacokinetic characterization.
Bariani, C; Carneiro, WJ; Cunha, LC; de Moraes Arantes, A; de Oliveira Neto, JR; Effting, C; Queiroz Labre, LV; Rodrigues, AR; Rodrigues, CR, 2015)		1.03
"Eight patients who used the test dose (TD) of 1 mg/kg busulfan 10 days before conditioning were included, and 10 serial blood samples were collected to determine: the elimination half-life (t1/2), total area under the curve (AUCT), total clearance (Cl(T)/F), and plasma concentration at steady state (C(ss)), using a monocompartmental model and first-order kinetics."( Individualizing oral busulfan dose after using a test dose in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pharmacokinetic characterization.
Bariani, C; Carneiro, WJ; Cunha, LC; de Moraes Arantes, A; de Oliveira Neto, JR; Effting, C; Queiroz Labre, LV; Rodrigues, AR; Rodrigues, CR, 2015)		0.98
"High variability in the assessed pharmacokinetic parameters was observed, with a 38% variation in C(ss) between TD and conditioning regimen; Cl(T)/F decreased by 30%, suggesting drug accumulation after multiple-dose regimen."( Individualizing oral busulfan dose after using a test dose in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pharmacokinetic characterization.
Bariani, C; Carneiro, WJ; Cunha, LC; de Moraes Arantes, A; de Oliveira Neto, JR; Effting, C; Queiroz Labre, LV; Rodrigues, AR; Rodrigues, CR, 2015)		0.74
" Pharmacokinetic treatment with targeted intravenous busulfan combined with fludarabine (BuFlu) was developed as a preparative regimen for acute leukemia and myelodysplasia."( Myeloablative intravenous pharmacokinetically targeted busulfan plus fludarabine as conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Anasetti, C; Ayala, E; Figueroa, J; Kharfan-Dabaja, MA; Kim, J; Locke, F; Nishihori, T; Perkins, J; Riches, M; Yue, B, 2015)		0.91
" In conclusion, once-daily administration of ivBu has a stable pharmacokinetic profile, and was safely performed in Japanese patients."( Pharmacokinetics study of once-daily intravenous busulfan in conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Akahoshi, Y; Ashizawa, M; Ishihara, Y; Kako, S; Kanda, J; Kanda, Y; Kawamura, K; Kikuchi, M; Kimura, S; Matsumoto, K; Morita, K; Nakano, H; Nakasone, H; Nishida, J; Oshima, K; Sakamoto, K; Sato, M; Tanaka, Y; Tanihara, A; Terasako-Saito, K; Ugai, T; Wada, H; Yamasaki, R; Yamazaki, R, 2015)		0.67
" This regimen was associated with durable donor engraftment and relatively low rates of regimen related toxicity (RRT); future alemtuzumab pharmacokinetic studies may improve outcomes, by allowing targeted alemtuzumab clearance to reduce graft rejection and promote more rapid immune reconstitution."( Unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of non-malignant genetic diseases: An alemtuzumab based regimen is associated with cure of clinical disease; earlier clearance of alemtuzumab may be associated with graft rejection.
Abdel-Azim, H; Crooks, GM; Kapoor, N; Khazal, S; Kohn, DB; Mahadeo, KM; Shah, AJ; Zhao, Q, 2015)		0.42
"A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis was conducted to describe the influence of GSTA1 polymorphisms on intravenous busulfan in adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation."( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of busulfan with GSTA1 polymorphisms in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Choi, B; Han, N; Ji, E; Kim, IW; Kim, MG; Kim, T; Oh, JM; Park, S, 2015)		0.88
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in six children who received intravenous treosulfan (dose range 12-24 g/m(2)) in combination with fludarabine prior to blood or marrow transplantation."( Development and Validation of a High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-UV Method for the Determination of Treosulfan and Its Epoxy Metabolites in Human Plasma and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Studies.
Byrne, JA; Earl, JW; Fraser, CJ; Koyyalamudi, SR; Kuzhiumparambil, U; Nath, CE; O'Brien, TA; Shaw, PJ, 2016)		0.43
" Then EBDM and DEB have the same elimination half-life as TREO, but the levels of EBDM and DEB in the body, including plasma, are much lower than TREO on account of their inherently high clearance."( Formation Rate-Limited Pharmacokinetics of Biologically Active Epoxy Transformers of Prodrug Treosulfan.
Główka, FK; Karbownik, A; Kasprzyk, A; Romański, M; Szałek, E, 2016)		0.43
"We performed an experimental study of busulfan and melphalan pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics in iron overloaded mice."( Iron Overload Exacerbates Busulfan-Melphalan Toxicity Through a Pharmacodynamic Interaction in Mice.
Bouligand, J; Daudigeos-Dubus, E; Deroussent, A; Kessari, R; Mercier, L; Munier, F; Opolon, P; Orear, C; Paci, A; Richard, C; Simonnard, N; Tou, B; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G, 2016)		1.01
" This clearance alteration was exacerbated in iron overloaded mice demonstrating a pharmacokinetic interaction."( Iron Overload Exacerbates Busulfan-Melphalan Toxicity Through a Pharmacodynamic Interaction in Mice.
Bouligand, J; Daudigeos-Dubus, E; Deroussent, A; Kessari, R; Mercier, L; Munier, F; Opolon, P; Orear, C; Paci, A; Richard, C; Simonnard, N; Tou, B; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G, 2016)		0.73
"Iron overload increases melphalan and busulfan-melphalan toxicity through a pharmacodynamic interaction and reveals a pharmacokinetic drug interaction between busulfan and melphalan."( Iron Overload Exacerbates Busulfan-Melphalan Toxicity Through a Pharmacodynamic Interaction in Mice.
Bouligand, J; Daudigeos-Dubus, E; Deroussent, A; Kessari, R; Mercier, L; Munier, F; Opolon, P; Orear, C; Paci, A; Richard, C; Simonnard, N; Tou, B; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G, 2016)		1.01
" Pharmacokinetic dosing of busulfan (Bu) is frequently done for myeloablative conditioning, but evidence for its use is limited in RIC transplants."( Fludarabine-Busulfan Reduced-Intensity Conditioning in Comparison with Fludarabine-Melphalan Is Associated with Increased Relapse Risk In Spite of Pharmacokinetic Dosing.
Al-Kali, A; Alkhateeb, HB; Damlaj, M; Gangat, N; Gastineau, DA; Hashmi, S; Hefazi, M; Hogan, WJ; Litzow, MR; Partain, DK; Patnaik, MM; Wolf, RC, 2016)		1.11
" Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a busulfan test dose before the start of the conditioning regimen would allow for all conditioning regimen doses to be given at the calculated optimized dose."( Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of a Busulfan Test Dose in Adult Patients Undergoing Myeloablative Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
Canadeo, A; Eastwood, D; Hamadani, M; Hari, P; Oxencis, C; Pasquini, M; Urmanski, A; Waggoner, M; Weil, E; Zook, F, 2017)		0.99
" The daily pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the clearance reduced to 57% of that before the coadministration."( A Significant Influence of Metronidazole on Busulfan Pharmacokinetics: A Case Report of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
Choi, JY; Chung, H; Hong, CR; Hong, KT; Kang, HJ; Lee, S; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Yu, KS, 2017)		0.72
"Using pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from 385 drug administrations in 352 children aged from 1 month to 18 years, treated with five drugs (dactinomycin, busulfan, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide), individual exposures (area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve; AUC) obtained using doses rounded according to the published NHSE tables were calculated and compared with those obtained by standard dose calculation methods."( Investigating the potential impact of dose banding for systemic anti-cancer therapy in the paediatric setting based on pharmacokinetic evidence.
Boddy, AV; Chatelut, E; Osborne, C; Paci, A; Veal, GJ; White-Koning, M, 2018)		0.68
"Based on pharmacokinetic data for these five drugs, the results generated support the implementation of NHSE dose-banding tables."( Investigating the potential impact of dose banding for systemic anti-cancer therapy in the paediatric setting based on pharmacokinetic evidence.
Boddy, AV; Chatelut, E; Osborne, C; Paci, A; Veal, GJ; White-Koning, M, 2018)		0.48
"The aim of this study is to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for intravenous busulfan in children that incorporates variants of GSTA1, gene coding for the main enzyme in busulfan metabolism."( Incorporation of GSTA1 genetic variations into a population pharmacokinetic model for IV busulfan in paediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Ansari, M; Bittencourt, H; Daudt, LE; Duval, M; Huezo-Diaz Curtis, P; Kassir, N; Krajinovic, M; Litalien, C; Nava, T; Rezgui, MA; Théoret, Y; Uppugunduri, CRS, 2018)		0.92
" non-malignant), age, conditioning regimen and GSTA1 diplotypes were evaluated as covariates of pharmacokinetic parameters by using nonlinear mixed effects analysis."( Incorporation of GSTA1 genetic variations into a population pharmacokinetic model for IV busulfan in paediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Ansari, M; Bittencourt, H; Daudt, LE; Duval, M; Huezo-Diaz Curtis, P; Kassir, N; Krajinovic, M; Litalien, C; Nava, T; Rezgui, MA; Théoret, Y; Uppugunduri, CRS, 2018)		0.7
"Allometric approaches are widely used for interspecies scaling for the prediction of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters during drug development."( Multistep Unified Models Using Prior Knowledge for the Prediction of Drug Clearance in Neonates and Infants.
Forshee, R; Jiang, Z; Mahmood, I; Tegenge, MA, 2018)		0.48
" For that purpose, pharmacokinetic analyses are ongoing within clinical phase II and III trials."( Clinical bioanalysis of treosulfan and its epoxides: The importance of collected blood processing for valid pharmacokinetic results.
Główka, F; Romański, M, 2018)		0.48
" The significance of the elimination half-life of treosulfan and its epoxides for successful conditioning prior to HSCT is also raised."( Treosulfan Pharmacokinetics and its Variability in Pediatric and Adult Patients Undergoing Conditioning Prior to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Current State of the Art, In-Depth Analysis, and Perspectives.
Główka, FK; Romański, M; Wachowiak, J, 2018)		0.48
" There is still an important variation in Bu pharmacokinetic between patients that is associated with an increased risk of toxicity and graft failure."( Pharmacokinetics-adapted Busulfan-based myeloablative conditioning before unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for myeloid malignancies in children.
Ansari, M; Benadiba, J; Bittencourt, H; Cellot, S; Duval, M; Krajinovic, M; Teira, P; Vachon, MF, 2018)		0.78
" A population pharmacokinetic analysis with the objective of personalizing therapy in Japanese patients was conducted by integrating pediatric patient data with adult patient data."( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Busulfan in Japanese Pediatric and Adult HCT Patients.
Funaki, T; Kawazoe, A; Kim, S, 2018)		0.75
" The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the pharmacokinetic impact of using ideal body weight as the initial dosing weight in obese as compared to non-obese transplant recipients."( Pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes when ideal body weight is used to dose busulfan in obese hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
Griffin, SP; Hsu, JW; Murthy, HS; Richards, AI; Wheeler, SE; Wiggins, LE, 2019)		0.74
" We used an intensive daily pharmacokinetic monitoring method for busulfan dosing in children for effective myeloablation and to reduce toxicity."( Favorable Outcome of Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation with Targeted Busulfan-Based Myeloablative Conditioning Using Intensive Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in Pediatric Patients.
Cheon, JE; Choi, JY; Hong, CR; Hong, KT; Jang, IJ; Kang, HJ; Park, JD; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Song, SH; Yu, KS, 2018)		0.92
" Busulfan Cmax as well as weight <9 kg or age <3 years were identified as independent predictors of VOD in logistic regression analysis."( Maximal concentration of intravenous busulfan as a determinant of veno-occlusive disease: a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis in 293 hematopoietic stem cell transplanted children.
Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Goutelle, S; Neely, M; Philippe, M; Rushing, T, 2019)		1.7
" The objective of this study was to evaluate busulfan exposure from a pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided dosing strategy using a test dose."( Evaluation of a Test Dose Strategy for Pharmacokinetically-Guided Busulfan Dosing for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Alexander, MD; Armistead, PM; Chung, Y; Coghill, JM; Davis, JM; Ivanova, A; Jamieson, KJ; Ptachcinski, JR; Rao, KV; Riches, ML; Serody, JS; Sharf, AA; Shaw, JR; Shea, TC; Vincent, BG; Wood, WA, 2019)		1.01
"This meta-analysis was conducted to derive an integrated conclusion about the influence of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genetic polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and veno-occlusive disease (VOD)."( Effect of glutathione S-transferase genetic polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetics and veno-occlusive disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A meta-analysis.
Choi, B; Ji, E; Kim, K; Kim, MG; Kwak, A; Oh, JM, 2019)		0.95
" The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of treosulfan in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and to explore the effect of potential covariates on treosulfan PK."( Population pharmacokinetics of treosulfan in paediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Bertaina, A; Guchelaar, HJ; Lankester, AC; Locatelli, F; Moes, DJAR; van der Stoep, MYEC; Zwaveling, J, 2019)		0.51
"This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model to investigate the impact of GSTA1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 genotypes on busulfan pharmacokinetic (PK) variability in Chinese adult patients."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of intravenous busulfan: GSTA1 genotype is not a predictive factor of initial dose in Chinese adult patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Chen, B; Hao, C; Hu, J; Huang, J; Li, Z; Liang, W; Sun, Y; Yang, W; Zhang, W, 2020)		1.01
" However, TDM-based dosing may be challenging if intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability (also denoted inter-occasion variability [IOV]) occurs during therapy."( Intra-individual Pharmacokinetic Variability of Intravenous Busulfan in Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Transplanted Children.
Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Ducher, M; Goutelle, S; Guitton, J; Leclerc, V; Marsit, H; Neely, M; Philippe, M; Rushing, T, 2020)		0.8
" We calculated individual pharmacokinetic parameters on each day of therapy using a published population pharmacokinetic model of busulfan and analyzed their changes."( Intra-individual Pharmacokinetic Variability of Intravenous Busulfan in Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Transplanted Children.
Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Ducher, M; Goutelle, S; Guitton, J; Leclerc, V; Marsit, H; Neely, M; Philippe, M; Rushing, T, 2020)		1.01
" The population pharmacokinetic model was established in NONMEM software with a first-order estimation method with interaction."( Population pharmacokinetic approach for evaluation of treosulfan and its active monoepoxide disposition in plasma and brain on the basis of a rat model.
Danielak, D; Główka, F; Kasprzyk, A; Romański, M; Teżyk, A, 2020)		0.56
"One-compartment pharmacokinetic model best described changes in the concentrations of treosulfan in plasma, and EBDM concentrations in plasma and in the brain."( Population pharmacokinetic approach for evaluation of treosulfan and its active monoepoxide disposition in plasma and brain on the basis of a rat model.
Danielak, D; Główka, F; Kasprzyk, A; Romański, M; Teżyk, A, 2020)		0.56
"The developed population pharmacokinetic model is the first that allows the prediction of treosulfan and EBDM concentrations in rat plasma and brain."( Population pharmacokinetic approach for evaluation of treosulfan and its active monoepoxide disposition in plasma and brain on the basis of a rat model.
Danielak, D; Główka, F; Kasprzyk, A; Romański, M; Teżyk, A, 2020)		0.56
" From a large cohort of 540 patients, we developed a Bu population pharmacokinetic model based on body weight (BW) and maturation concepts to reduce IIV and optimize exposure."( New dosing nomogram and population pharmacokinetic model for young and very young children receiving busulfan for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning.
Bondu, S; Bourget, P; Broutin, S; Dalle, JH; De Berranger, E; Devictor, B; Dufour, C; Faivre, L; Galambrun, C; Gandemer, V; Jubert, C; Kemmel, V; Mir, O; Moshous, D; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Petain, A; Poinsignon, V; Vannier, JP; Vassal, G, 2020)		0.77
" This multi-institutional prospective study compared pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of Bu between BuFlu and BuCy."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan as condition for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: comparison between combinations with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine.
Hino, Y; Kato, J; Kikuchi, T; Koda, Y; Matsumoto, K; Mishina, T; Mori, T; Morita, K; Nagao, Y; Ohwada, C; Okamoto, S; Onizuka, M; Onoda, M; Sakaida, E; Shimizu, H; Shono, K; Takeda, Y; Yokota, A; Yokoyama, H, 2021)		0.9
"This study aimed to predict the presence and mechanism of busulfan drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using pharmacokinetic interaction (PKI) network-based molecular structure similarity and network pharmacology."( Predicting the presence and mechanism of busulfan drug-drug interactions in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using pharmacokinetic interaction network-based molecular structure similarity and network pharmacology.
Hao, C; Hu, J; Huang, J; Ma, X; Wang, L; Yang, W; Zhang, W, 2021)		1.13
" Bu shows wide pharmacokinetic (PK) variability among patients."( Feasibility and Efficacy of a Pharmacokinetics-Guided Busulfan Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide as Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancie
Bartoli, A; Bramanti, S; Castagna, L; De Gregori, S; De Philippis, C; Giordano, L; Mannina, D; Mariotti, J; Pieri, G; Roperti, M; Sarina, B; Valli, V, 2021)		0.87
"Busulfan (Bu) is a common component of conditioning regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is known for high interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability."( Precision dosing of intravenous busulfan in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Results from a multicenter population pharmacokinetic study.
Ansari, M; Ben Hassine, K; Bittencourt, H; Bredius, RGM; Daali, Y; Kassir, N; Krajinovic, M; Lewis, V; Nath, CE; Nava, T; Shaw, PJ; Théoret, Y; Uppugunduri, CRS, 2021)		2.35
"The aim of this work is the development of a mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model using in vitro to in vivo extrapolation to conduct a drug-drug interaction (DDI) assessment of treosulfan against two cytochrome p450 (CYP) isoenzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates."( Evaluation of the drug-drug interaction potential of treosulfan using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Balazki, P; Baumgart, J; Beelen, DW; Böhm, S; Hemmelmann, C; Hilger, RA; Martins, FS; Ring, A; Schaller, S, 2022)		0.72
" However, considering the comprehensive treosulfan-based conditioning treatment schedule and the respective pharmacokinetic properties of the concomitantly used drugs (eg, half-life), the potential for interaction on all evaluated mechanisms would be low (AUCR < 1."( Evaluation of the drug-drug interaction potential of treosulfan using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Balazki, P; Baumgart, J; Beelen, DW; Böhm, S; Hemmelmann, C; Hilger, RA; Martins, FS; Ring, A; Schaller, S, 2022)		0.72
" As of 2020, there is no population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model for busulfan in Chinese pediatric patients."( Can Published Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Busulfan Be Used for Individualized Dosing in Chinese Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation? An External Evaluation.
Chen, S; Hu, J; Huang, H; Huang, W; Li, D; Lin, S; Liu, M; Ren, J; Wu, X; Yang, T, 2022)		1.21
"The study objective was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for busulfan to comprehensively examine drug-drug interactions in paediatric patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation."( Characterization of drug-drug interactions on the pharmacokinetic disposition of busulfan in paediatric patients during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning.
Dunn, A; Gobburu, JVS; Ivaturi, V; Moffett, BS, 2022)		1.18
" Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models enable description of busulfan PK and optimization of exposure, which leads to improvement of event-free survival after HCT."( Busulfan dose Recommendation in Inherited Metabolic Disorders: Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Gupta, AO; Illamola, SM; Jennissen, CA; Long, SE; Long-Boyle, JR; Lund, TC; Orchard, PJ; Takahashi, T, 2022)		2.4
" In addition to nomograms, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of busulfan measuring plasmatic concentrations to estimate busulfan pharmacokinetic parameters can be used."( Individualizing busulfan dose in specific populations and evaluating the risk of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions.
Combarel, D; Delahousse, J; Paci, A; Tran, J; Vassal, G, 2023)		1.49
" Pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided test-dose strategies have been shown to improve the number of patients achieving busulfan exposure goals and improve clinical outcomes."( Utilization of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Improve a Busulfan Test-Dose Strategy in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients.
Armistead, PM; Crona, DJ; DeVane, SC; Dunlap, TC; Kardouh, M; Kemper, RM; Ptachcinski, JR; Shaw, JR; Symonds, A; Weiner, DL, 2023)		1.36
" Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) based on population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models has been implemented in the clinical settings."( Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Intravenous Busulfan in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Systematic Review and Comparative Simulations.
Al-Kofahi, M; Brown, SJ; Jaber, MM; Takahashi, T, 2023)		1.17

Compound-Compound Interactions

Cyclophosphamide (Cy) in combination with busulfan (Bu) or total body irradiation (TBI) is the most commonly used myeloablative conditioning regimen in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of two different etoposide (VP-16) dosages (30 or 45 mg/kg) as conditioning therapy followed by stem cell transplantation.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Etoposide at a dose of 60-65 mg/kg in combination with TBI and cyclophosphamide was associated with a significantly increased incidence of life threatening or fatal toxicities compared with a combination using a dose of 25-50 mg/kg (15 of 24 vs."( Etoposide in combination with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation or busulfan as conditioning for marrow transplantation in adults and children.
Cahill, R; Deeg, HJ; Gadner, H; Ortlieb, M; Peters, C; Spitzer, TR; Tefft, MC; Torrisi, J; Urban, C, 1994)		0.52
"Although toxicities with bone marrow transplant preparative regimens containing etoposide in combination with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation or busulfan were frequently severe, treatment related mortality risk was believed to be acceptably low."( Etoposide in combination with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation or busulfan as conditioning for marrow transplantation in adults and children.
Cahill, R; Deeg, HJ; Gadner, H; Ortlieb, M; Peters, C; Spitzer, TR; Tefft, MC; Torrisi, J; Urban, C, 1994)		0.71
" At our institution, we are currently testing the efficacy and toxicity of regimens in which cytarabine or diaziquone are administered in combination with Bu and Cy."( New preparative regimens with diaziquone or cytarabine in combination with busulfan and cyclophosphamide.
Devine, SM; Geller, RB; Holland, HK; Saral, R; Wingard, JR, 1993)		0.52
"The authors present results of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment with recombinant and leukocytic interferon in monotherapy and in combination with myelosan."( [Use of recombinant alpha2-interferon in combination with myelosan for the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia].
Bondare, DK; Feldmane, GIa; Mauritsas, M; Petukhov, VI; Strozha, I, )		0.13
"To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of two different etoposide (VP-16) dosages (30 or 45 mg/kg) in combination with busulfan/cyclophosphamide as conditioning therapy followed by stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 90 patients with AML received either 30 mg/kg (n = 60) or 45 mg/kg (n = 30) etoposide in combination with busulfan (16 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg)."( Dose-dependent effect of etoposide in combination with busulfan plus cyclophosphamide as conditioning for stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Braumann, D; Colberg, H; del Valle, F; Erttmann, R; Fiedler, W; Finkenstein, F; Holstein, K; Kabisch, H; Kröger, N; Krüger, W; Kuse, R; Mayer, U; Metzner, B; Renges, H; Sonnen, R; Sonnenberg, S; Stute, N; Zabelina, T; Zander, AR, 2000)		0.76
"5-FU combined with busulfan could impair the hematopoietic stem cells and resulted in an irreversible aplastic anemia in rats, making a rat aplastic anemia model with hematopoietic stem cell failure."( [A novel rat aplastic anemia model induced by 5-fluorouracil combined with busulfan].
Chu, J; Ding, S; Liu, A; Wang, S; Xu, S; Zhao, J, 2001)		0.87
"The safety and efficacy of oral metronomic low-dose treosulfan chemotherapy in combination with the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor rofecoxib as a compound with antiangiogenic potential, a therapeutic regimen optimally targeting endothelial cells instead of tumor cells, were assessed in pretreated advanced melanoma patients."( Metronomic oral low-dose treosulfan chemotherapy combined with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in pretreated advanced melanoma: a pilot study.
Gille, J; Kaufmann, R; Spieth, K, 2003)		0.32
"In this study we have used a standardised ATP-based tumour chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) to measure the activity of gefitinib alone or in combination with different cytotoxic drugs (cisplatin, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin and treosulfan) against a variety of solid tumours (n = 86), including breast, colorectal, oesophageal and ovarian cancer, carcinoma of unknown primary site, cutaneous and uveal melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and sarcoma."( The in vitro effect of gefitinib ('Iressa') alone and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy on human solid tumours.
Cree, IA; Di Nicolantonio, F; Glaysher, S; Johnson, P; Knight, LA; Mercer, S; Sharma, S; Whitehouse, P, 2004)		0.32
" Interestingly, gefitinib had both positive and negative effects when used in combination with different cytotoxics."( The in vitro effect of gefitinib ('Iressa') alone and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy on human solid tumours.
Cree, IA; Di Nicolantonio, F; Glaysher, S; Johnson, P; Knight, LA; Mercer, S; Sharma, S; Whitehouse, P, 2004)		0.32
" Dose-escalated treosulphan (3 x 12 or 3 x 14 g/m2) combined with cyclophosphamide (Cy) was chosen for a new preparative regimen before allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 18 patients (median age 44, range 19-64 years) with haematological malignancies, considered ineligible for other myeloablative preparative regimens."( Dose-escalated treosulphan in combination with cyclophosphamide as a new preparative regimen for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with an increased risk for regimen-related complications.
Basara, N; Baumgart, J; Beelen, DW; Casper, J; Fauser, AA; Freund, M; Hahn, JR; Hertenstein, B; Hilger, RA; Holler, E; Mylius, HA; Pichlmeier, U; Scheulen, ME; Trenschel, R, 2005)		0.33
" In conclusion, although TH produced only a moderate effect against BCL1 leukemia when used alone, its combination with CY is promising and should be tested further in allogeneic murine models and clinical studies."( The effect of high-dose thiotepa, alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, on a murine B-cell leukemia model simulating autologous stem cell transplantation.
Abdul-Hai, A; Ergas, D; Resnick, IB; Shapira, MY; Slavin, S; Weiss, L, 2007)		0.34
" We evaluated the efficacy and safety of yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan ((90)Y-ibritumomab) combined with intravenous busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (Bu/Cy/E) followed by ASCT in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)."( Yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan in combination with intravenous busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Choi, YH; Huh, J; Jang, G; Kang, BW; Kim, C; Kim, S; Kim, SW; Kim, WS; Lee, DH; Lee, JS; Lee, SS; Ryu, JS; Suh, C, 2010)		0.81
" Gastrointestinal toxicity was the dose-limiting factor of Treo in combination with TBI."( Preclinical analysis of treosulfan in combination with total body irradiation as conditioning regimen prior to bone marrow transplantation in rats.
Baumgart, J; Casper, J; Freund, M; Hofmeister-Mielke, N; Pichlmeier, U; Sender, V; Sievert, K; Teifke, JP; Vogel, H; Wolff, D, 2009)		0.35
"To evaluat the efficacy and safety of myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) combined with imatinib for advanced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 15 patients with accelerated phase (n=6) or blast crisis (n=9) were enrolled in this study."( Imatinib combined with myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for advanced phases of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Cai, Z; Han, X; He, J; Huang, H; Li, L; Lin, M; Luo, Y; Shi, J; Tan, Y; Xie, W; Ye, X; Zhao, Y; Zheng, Y, 2011)		0.37
"A clinical study of triple drug combination (aprepitant+palonosetron+ dexamethasone) was carried out to evaluate its efficacy in preventing both acute and delayed emesis after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with busulphan+cyclophosphamide (BuCy) before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)."( Triple drug combination in the prevention of nausea and vomiting following busulfan plus cyclophosphamide chemotherapy before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Gawronski, K; Mlot, B; Oborska, S; Pielichowski, W; Rzepecki, P; Wasko-Grabowska, A, )		0.36
"Patients treated with the triple drug combination had significantly higher response rates than those receiving palonosetron or ondansetron (+ dexamethasone) during both the acute and delayed phases: highly effective in early + late phases: 55 vs."( Triple drug combination in the prevention of nausea and vomiting following busulfan plus cyclophosphamide chemotherapy before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Gawronski, K; Mlot, B; Oborska, S; Pielichowski, W; Rzepecki, P; Wasko-Grabowska, A, )		0.36
"This triple drug combination was more effective than ondansetron or palonosetron (+ dexamethasone) in preventing acute (especially), and delayed nausea and vomiting following BuCy chemotherapy before HSCT."( Triple drug combination in the prevention of nausea and vomiting following busulfan plus cyclophosphamide chemotherapy before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Gawronski, K; Mlot, B; Oborska, S; Pielichowski, W; Rzepecki, P; Wasko-Grabowska, A, )		0.36
" We sought to determine the safety of GO in combination with busulfan/cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) conditioning before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT)."( A Phase I study of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) in combination with busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children with poor-risk CD33+ AML: a new targeted immunochemotherapy myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regim
Baxter-Lowe, LA; Bhatia, M; Cairo, MS; Dela Cruz, F; Duffy, D; Foley, S; Garvin, JH; George, D; Hawks, R; Jin, Z; Le Gall, J; Morris, E; Satwani, P; Schwartz, J; van de Ven, C, 2012)		0.86
" busulfan combined with fludarabine and analyzed the outcomes."( Highly variable pharmacokinetics of once-daily intravenous busulfan when combined with fludarabine in pediatric patients: phase I clinical study for determination of optimal once-daily busulfan dose using pharmacokinetic modeling.
Ahn, HS; Han, EJ; Jang, IJ; Jang, MK; Kang, HJ; Kim, H; Kim, NH; Lee, JW; Lee, SH; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Song, SH; Yu, KS; Yuk, YJ, 2012)		1.53
" busulfan (Bu) in combination with clofarabine (Clo) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT)."( Clofarabine combined with busulfan provides excellent disease control in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Alousi, A; Andersson, BS; Basset, R; Champlin, RE; Ciurea, S; de Lima, M; Hosing, C; Jones, RB; Kebriaei, P; Khouri, I; Ledesma, C; Nieto, Y; Parmar, S; Popat, U; Qazilbash, M; Shpall, EJ, 2012)		1.59
" This study evaluates the toxicity of escalating doses of topotecan alone or in combination with thiotepa or treosulfan."( Escalating topotecan in combination with treosulfan has acceptable toxicity in advanced pediatric sarcomas.
Bauer, F; Burdach, S; Filipiak-Pittroff, B; von Luettichau, I; Wawer, A, 2013)		0.39
"Cyclophosphamide combined with total body irradiation (Cy/TBI) or busulfan (BuCy) are the most widely used myeloablative conditioning regimens for allotransplants."( Better leukemia-free and overall survival in AML in first remission following cyclophosphamide in combination with busulfan compared with TBI.
Ahn, KW; Aljurf, M; Arora, M; Avalos, B; Bolwell, BJ; Bredeson, C; Cahn, JY; Copelan, EA; Cortes, J; Costa, LJ; de Lima, M; Gale, RP; Hale, GA; Halter, J; Hamadani, M; Hamilton, BK; Horowitz, MM; Inamoto, Y; Kalaycio, ME; Kamble, RT; Litzow, MR; Loren, AW; Marks, DI; Maziarz, RT; Olavarria, E; Roy, V; Saber, W; Sabloff, M; Savani, BN; Schouten, HC; Seftel, M; Szer, J; Ustun, C; van Besien, K; Waller, EK; Weisdorf, DJ; Wirk, B; Zhu, X, 2013)		0.84
" We therefore investigated the antiproliferative effects of nilotinib in combination with drugs that are usually used for conditioning: the alkylating agents mafosfamide, treosulfan, and busulfan."( In vitro testing of drug combinations employing nilotinib and alkylating agents with regard to pretransplant conditioning treatment of advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia.
Dreger, P; Fruehauf, S; Ho, AD; Jens Zeller, W; Luft, T; Radujkovic, A; Topaly, J, 2014)		0.59
"Treatment of imatinib-sensitive, BCR-ABL-positive K562 and LAMA84 cells with nilotinib in combination with mafosfamide, treosulfan, or busulfan resulted in synergistic (CI < 1), additive (CI ~ 1), and predominantly antagonistic (CI > 1) effects, respectively."( In vitro testing of drug combinations employing nilotinib and alkylating agents with regard to pretransplant conditioning treatment of advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia.
Dreger, P; Fruehauf, S; Ho, AD; Jens Zeller, W; Luft, T; Radujkovic, A; Topaly, J, 2014)		0.61
"Cyclophosphamide (Cy) in combination with busulfan (Bu) or total body irradiation (TBI) is the most commonly used myeloablative conditioning regimen in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)."( Comparison of outcomes of allogeneic transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia with cyclophosphamide in combination with intravenous busulfan, oral busulfan, or total body irradiation.
Ahn, KW; Aljurf, MD; Alyea, EP; Arora, M; Avalos, BR; Bolwell, BJ; Bredeson, CN; Cahn, JY; Copelan, EA; Cortes, J; Costa, LJ; Fasan, O; Gale, RP; Ghosh, N; Grunwald, MR; Hale, GA; Hamadani, M; Hamilton, BK; Horowitz, MM; Inamoto, Y; Kalaycio, ME; Kamble, RT; Khoury, HJ; Litzow, MR; Loren, AW; Marks, DI; Maziarz, RT; Ramanathan, M; Saber, W; Savani, BN; Schouten, HC; Szer, J; Ustun, C; van Besien, KW; Waller, EK; Weisdorf, DJ; Wirk, B; Zhu, X, 2015)		0.88
"This study assessed the potential cytotoxicity of RX against JAK2-positive human cell lines (SET-2 and HEL), either alone or in combination with hydroxyurea, busulphan, rapamycin or LY294002."( Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Ruxolitinib Alone and in Combination with Hydroxyurea, Busulphan, and PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors in JAK2-Positive Human Cell Lines.
Cebula-Obrzut, B; Chojnowski, K; Majchrzak, A; Smolewski, P; Szymańska, J; Treliński, J, )		0.13
" Fifty-eight patients (median age, 67 years; range, 54 to 76) received radioimmunotherapy followed by fludarabine 150 mg/m(2) and busulfan 8 mg/kg combined with either 75 mg (n = 26) or 50 mg (n = 32) alemtuzumab."( Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Combined with (188)Rhenium Radioimmunotherapy before Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Role of In Vivo T Cell Depletion.
Bornhäuser, M; Ehninger, G; Kotzerke, J; Schetelig, J; Schneider, S; Strumpf, A; Wunderlich, G, 2015)		0.62
"To retrospectively analyze the safety and efficacy of busulfan (BU) combined with cyclophosphamide (CY) as the conditioning regimen of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM)."( [Busulfan Combined with Cyclophosphamide as the Conditioning Regimen in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated by Autolo-gous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation].
Fu, CC; Gu, B; Jin, S; Li, WY; Wang, PF; Xu, Y; Zhou, HF; Zhou, J, 2015)		1.58
"We conducted a retrospective analysis to compare outcomes in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) with conditioning regimens containing cyclophosphamide (CY) in combination with total body irradiation (TBI), oral busulfan (p."( Comparison of Cyclophosphamide Combined with Total Body Irradiation, Oral Busulfan, or Intravenous Busulfan for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Atsuta, Y; Doki, N; Fukuda, T; Inoue, Y; Kako, S; Kanamori, H; Kurokawa, M; Mitsuhashi, K; Mizuta, S; Morishima, Y; Nagamura-Inoue, T; Onizuka, M; Ozawa, Y; Shigematsu, A; Takahashi, S; Tanaka, J, 2016)		0.84
"To investigate the efficacy and safety of haploidentical allo-HSCT in combination of reduced intensity preconditioning combined with cyclophosphamid (CTX)-induced immune tolerance after transplanitation for treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA)."( [Clinical Efficacy of Haploidentical Allo-HSCT of Reduced Intensity Preconditioning Combined with Induced Immune Tolerance after Transplantation for Severe Aplastic Anemia].
Chen, HR; Chen, P; Guo, Z; He, XP; Liu, XD; Lou, JX; Yang, K; Zhang, Y, 2016)		0.43
"A total of 15 patients with SAA received the haploidentical allo-HSCT of reduced intensity preconditioning combined with CTX-induced immune tolerance after transplartation in the General hospital of Beijing military command of chinese PLA from June 2012 to December 2014."( [Clinical Efficacy of Haploidentical Allo-HSCT of Reduced Intensity Preconditioning Combined with Induced Immune Tolerance after Transplantation for Severe Aplastic Anemia].
Chen, HR; Chen, P; Guo, Z; He, XP; Liu, XD; Lou, JX; Yang, K; Zhang, Y, 2016)		0.43
"The haploidentical allo-HSCT of reduced intensity preconditioning combined with CTX-induced immune tolerance after transplantation is safet and effective for SAA patients, that may be applied to clinical therapy."( [Clinical Efficacy of Haploidentical Allo-HSCT of Reduced Intensity Preconditioning Combined with Induced Immune Tolerance after Transplantation for Severe Aplastic Anemia].
Chen, HR; Chen, P; Guo, Z; He, XP; Liu, XD; Lou, JX; Yang, K; Zhang, Y, 2016)		0.43
" Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are exposed to various types of drugs, and understanding how these drugs interact is of the utmost importance."( Development of an assay for cellular efflux of pharmaceutically active agents and its relevance to understanding drug interactions.
Andersson, BS; Hassan, M; Valdez, BC, 2017)		0.46
" Despite decades of use, mechanisms of Bu PK-based drug-drug interactions (DDIs), as well as the negative downstream effects of these DDIs, have not been fully characterized."( Clarifying busulfan metabolism and drug interactions to support new therapeutic drug monitoring strategies: a comprehensive review.
Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Ghose, R; Kawedia, JD; Kramer, MA; Myers, AL; Nieto, Y, 2017)		0.84
"Lentiviral vector gene therapy combined with low-exposure, targeted busulfan conditioning in infants with newly diagnosed SCID-X1 had low-grade acute toxic effects and resulted in multilineage engraftment of transduced cells, reconstitution of functional T cells and B cells, and normalization of NK-cell counts during a median follow-up of 16 months."( Lentiviral Gene Therapy Combined with Low-Dose Busulfan in Infants with SCID-X1.
Abdelsamed, H; Aldave Becerra, JC; Church, JA; Condori, J; Cowan, MJ; Cross, SJ; da Matta Ain, AC; De Ravin, SS; Dokmeci, E; Dowdy, J; Gottschalk, S; Janssen, W; Kang, G; Li, C; Lockey, T; Long-Boyle, JR; Love, JT; Ma, Z; Malech, HL; Mamcarz, E; Maron, G; Meagher, MM; Puck, JM; Ryu, BY; Sorrentino, BP; Tang, X; Triplett, B; van der Watt, H; Weiss, MJ; Youngblood, B; Zhou, S, 2019)		1.01
" Additional drugs reported in combination with the Treo-Flu backbone are thiotepa and melphalan."( Treosulfan in combination with fludarabine as part of conditioning treatment prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Ussowicz, M, 2020)		0.56
"This study aimed to predict the presence and mechanism of busulfan drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using pharmacokinetic interaction (PKI) network-based molecular structure similarity and network pharmacology."( Predicting the presence and mechanism of busulfan drug-drug interactions in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using pharmacokinetic interaction network-based molecular structure similarity and network pharmacology.
Hao, C; Hu, J; Huang, J; Ma, X; Wang, L; Yang, W; Zhang, W, 2021)		1.13
"Logistic function models were established to predict busulfan DDIs based on the assumption that an approved drug tends to interact with the drug used in HSCT (DH) if structurally similar to the drugs in the PKI network of the DH."( Predicting the presence and mechanism of busulfan drug-drug interactions in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using pharmacokinetic interaction network-based molecular structure similarity and network pharmacology.
Hao, C; Hu, J; Huang, J; Ma, X; Wang, L; Yang, W; Zhang, W, 2021)		1.14
" In this study, cyclophosphamide combined with busulfan was used to establish an animal model."( Experimental study for the establishment of a chemotherapy-induced ovarian insufficiency model in rats by using cyclophosphamide combined with busulfan.
Feng, X; Ling, L; Luo, Y; Tang, D; Wang, Y; Xiong, Z; Zhang, W, 2021)		1.08
"The aim of this work is the development of a mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model using in vitro to in vivo extrapolation to conduct a drug-drug interaction (DDI) assessment of treosulfan against two cytochrome p450 (CYP) isoenzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates."( Evaluation of the drug-drug interaction potential of treosulfan using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Balazki, P; Baumgart, J; Beelen, DW; Böhm, S; Hemmelmann, C; Hilger, RA; Martins, FS; Ring, A; Schaller, S, 2022)		0.72
"The study objective was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for busulfan to comprehensively examine drug-drug interactions in paediatric patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation."( Characterization of drug-drug interactions on the pharmacokinetic disposition of busulfan in paediatric patients during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning.
Dunn, A; Gobburu, JVS; Ivaturi, V; Moffett, BS, 2022)		1.18
" Studies on the interactions of HDACi with PARP inhibitors in hematologic cancers are limited, especially when combined with chemotherapeutic agents."( HDAC inhibitors suppress protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and DNA repair protein levels and phosphorylation status in hematologic cancer cells: implications for their use in combination with PARP inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs.
Andersson, BS; Murray, D; Nieto, Y; Valdez, BC; Yuan, B, 2022)		0.72
"Total body irradiation (TBI) at a dose of 12 Gy combined with cyclophosphamide (CyTBI12Gy) is one of the standard myeloablative regimens for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT)."( Fludarabine versus cyclophospamide in combination with myeloablative total body irradiation as conditioning for patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. A study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party
Arat, M; Bourhis, JH; Cornelissen, JJ; Giebel, S; Grillo, G; Hilgendorf, I; Kröger, N; Labopin, M; Maertens, J; Mohty, M; Nagler, A; Poiré, X; Salmenniemi, U; Savani, B; Schroeder, T; Spyridonidis, A; Swoboda, R, 2023)		0.91
" The aim of the present study was to assess and evaluate the potential drug-drug interaction (DDI) between Bu and VPA."( Impact of valproic acid on busulfan pharmacokinetics: In vitro assessment of potential drug-drug interaction.
Al-Enezi, BF; Al-Hasawi, N; Matar, KM, 2023)		1.21
" Combined with the strong rationale of busulfan PK/PD relationships, factors altering its clearance (e."( Individualizing busulfan dose in specific populations and evaluating the risk of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions.
Combarel, D; Delahousse, J; Paci, A; Tran, J; Vassal, G, 2023)		1.53
"This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on busulfan pharmacokinetics, its pharmacokinetics variabilities in pediatric populations, drug-drug interactions (DDI), and their consequences regarding dose individualization."( Individualizing busulfan dose in specific populations and evaluating the risk of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions.
Combarel, D; Delahousse, J; Paci, A; Tran, J; Vassal, G, 2023)		1.49
"In conclusion, ATG and PTCy combined with Flu-based increased intensity conditioning regimen is effective for acute leukemia in children."( Intensified conditioning regimen with fludarabine combined with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide for haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with high-risk acute leukemia.
Cao, J; Chen, D; Li, S; Liu, X; Lu, Y; Pei, R; Wang, T; Xu, X; Ye, P; Zheng, ZZ, 2023)		0.91

Bioavailability

Busulfan is a common component of pretransplant conditioning but has an erratic and unpredictable bioavailability when administered orally. The busulfan formulation (1% powder form or crystal form) and dose (milligrams per kilogram) influenced the absorption rate constant.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Alterations in bioavailability (absorption or first pass elimination) or in actual volume of distribution may account for these differences in drug disposition."( Busulfan disposition in children.
Blazar, B; Grochow, LB; Krivit, W; Whitley, CB, 1990)		1.72
" The lag time for the start of absorption, the time absorption ends, and the absorption rate constant showed some interindividual variations."( Busulfan kinetics.
Beran, M; Ehrnebo, M; Ehrsson, H; Hassan, M, 1983)		1.71
" The absorption rate of busulfan tablets in our model was as unpredictable as documented in clinical trials."( Use of a water-soluble busulfan formulation--pharmacokinetic studies in a canine model.
Blanz, J; Deeg, HJ; Ehninger, G; Ehrsam, M; Renner, U; Schuler, U; Storb, R; Zeller, KP, 1995)		0.91
" However, recently it was shown that busulfan bioavailability varied by 2-fold in adults (0."( Aspects concerning busulfan pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.
Ehrsson, H; Hassan, M; Ljungman, P, 1996)		0.9
" Bioavailability of BU powder capsules was on average 70% (range, 44-94%)."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan and evaluation of the bioavailability of the oral formulation in conditioning for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Deeg, J; Ehninger, G; Ehrsam, M; Schmidt, H; Schneider, A; Schuler, US, 1998)		0.58
" An intravenous form of busulphan would overcome the problems caused by inter-individual variability and bioavailability of busulphan and most probably minimize the problems with dose adjustment during therapy."( Liposomal busulphan: bioavailability and effect on bone marrow in mice.
Hassan, M; Hassan, Z; Nilsson, C, 1998)		0.3
" In a pharmacologic study of the bioavailability of treosulfan in a capsule formulation, patients with relapsed ovarian carcinoma were treated with alternating doses of oral and intravenous (i."( Investigation of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of treosulfan capsules in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer.
Baumgart, J; Hilger, RA; Jacek, G; Kredtke, S; Oberhoff, C; Scheulen, ME; Seeber, S, 2000)		0.31
"The high and relatively constant bioavailability of treosulfan indicates that capsules provide a satisfactory noninvasive treatment alternative."( Investigation of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of treosulfan capsules in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer.
Baumgart, J; Hilger, RA; Jacek, G; Kredtke, S; Oberhoff, C; Scheulen, ME; Seeber, S, 2000)		0.31
" Busulfan is well absorbed after oral administration, exhibits low protein binding and is metabolised through conjugation with glutathione to form a thiophenium ion."( Plasma concentration monitoring of busulfan: does it improve clinical outcome?
Gibbs, JP; McCune, JS; Slattery, JT, 2000)		1.49
"The unpredictable intestinal absorption and erratic bioavailability of oral busulfan (Bu) has limited the drug's use in high-dose pretransplantation conditioning therapy."( Acute safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan when used with oral busulfan and cyclophosphamide as pretransplantation conditioning therapy: a phase I study.
Andersson, BS; Blume, KG; Champlin, RE; Chow, DS; Hu, WW; Madden, T; Tran, HT; Vaughan, WP, 2000)		0.79
" Busulfan is a common component of pretransplant conditioning but has an erratic and unpredictable bioavailability when administered orally."( Intravenous busulfan-based conditioning prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: myeloablation with reduced toxicity.
Avigdor, A; Ben-Bassat, I; Bielorai, B; Hardan, I; Nagler, A; Shimoni, A; Toren, A; Yeshurun, M, 2003)		1.61
"008) and clearance corrected by bioavailability (0."( Influence of glutathione S-transferase A1 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of busulfan.
Iga, T; Kanda, Y; Kubota, T; Kusama, M; Matsukura, Y; Matsuno, K; Ogawa, S, 2006)		0.56
" This treatment leads to a wide variability in bioavailability and side effects such as the veino-occlusive disease."( Busulfan loading into poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: physico-chemistry and molecular modeling.
Aymes-Chodur, C; Chacun, H; Couvreur, P; Ghermani, NE; Gref, R; Layre, AM; Poupaert, J; Requier, D; Richard, J, 2006)		1.78
" Busulfan pharmacokinetic parameter estimates (Ka, first order absorption rate constant; Vs, volume of distribution related to the body weight; and Cl/F, apparent clearance) were estimated by using the nonparametric adaptative grid (NPAG) algorithm in patients divided into four groups according to initial diagnosis: metabolic diseases, hemoglobinopathies, hematological malignancies, and immune deficiencies."( Influence of underlying disease on busulfan disposition in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients: a nonparametric population pharmacokinetic study.
Aulagner, G; Bertholle-Bonnet, V; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Galambrun, C; Mialou, V; Souillet, G, 2007)		1.53
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)		0.34
" The busulfan formulation (1% powder form or crystal form) and dose (milligrams per kilogram) influenced the absorption rate constant."( Population pharmacokinetics of oral busulfan in young Japanese children before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Ariyoshi, N; Kitada, M; Miura, G; Nakamura, H; Nakazawa, K; Okada, K; Sato, T, 2008)		1.13
" Bypassing the oral route to achieve 100% bioavailability translated into improved control over drug administration, with increased safety and reliability of generating therapeutic Bu levels, maximizing antileukemic efficacy."( Busulfan in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Andersson, BS; Ciurea, SO, 2009)		1.8
" Total clearances were calculated for all 277 patients with oral Bu and compared to those with IV Bu, with the ratio of IV-to-oral clearance representing the absolute bioavailability of the oral form."( Exposure equivalence between IV (0.8 mg/kg) and oral (1 mg/kg) busulfan in adult patients.
Léger, F; Nguyen, L; Puozzo, C, 2009)		0.59
" Oral Bu bioavailability was about 80% when calculated from the ratio of IV-to-oral total clearances."( Exposure equivalence between IV (0.8 mg/kg) and oral (1 mg/kg) busulfan in adult patients.
Léger, F; Nguyen, L; Puozzo, C, 2009)		0.59
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)		0.36
" Furthermore, bioavailability was calculated to be between 93% and 99% for the development data set."( Population pharmacokinetics of busulfan in children: increased evidence for body surface area and allometric body weight dosing of busulfan in children.
Bergstrand, M; Boos, J; Hempel, G; Karlsson, MO; Trame, MN, 2011)		0.66
"Our evaluation, based on clinical profiles and a virtual validation set, revealed: i) NLF sometimes overestimated the absorption rate constant Ka, ii) TZE overestimated AUC over 280% when Ka is small, and iii) MLR underestimated AUC over 30% when the elimination rate constant Ke is small."( Limited sampling strategies to estimate the area under the concentration-time curve. Biases and a proposed more accurate method.
Bax, L; Fukumoto, M; Kohno, A; Morishita, Y; Tsuruta, H, 2012)		0.38
" Intravenous (IV) Bu has more predictable bioavailability and a safer toxicity profile than the oral formulation."( Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in remission: comparison of intravenous busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (Cy) versus total-body irradiation plus Cy as conditioning regimen--a report from the acute leukemia worki
Aljurf, M; Ben Othman, T; Campos, A; Labopin, M; Masszi, T; Michallet, M; Mohty, M; Nagler, A; Passweg, J; Poire, X; Rocha, V; Sengelov, H; Shimoni, A; Socie, G; Unal, A; Veelken, H; Volin, L; Yakoub-Agha, I, 2013)		0.6
"3 l h(-1) for the absorption rate constant, volume of distribution and oral clearance, respectively."( Busulfan dosing algorithm and sampling strategy in stem cell transplantation patients.
de Castro, FA; Della Pasqua, O; Lanchote, VL; Piana, C; Simões, BP, 2015)		1.86
"Parenteral administration of Busulfan (BU) conquers the bioavailability and biovariability related issues of oral BU by maintaining the plasma drug concentration in therapeutic range with minimal fluctuations thereby significantly reducing the side effects."( Development and characterization of an organic solvent free, proliposomal formulation of Busulfan using quality by design approach.
Chobisa, D; Monpara, J; Patel, K; Patel, M; Vavia, P, 2018)		0.99
" Intravenous Busulfan (Bu) combined with therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing has been increasingly used, with more predictable bioavailability and better outcomes comparing to oral Bu."( Pharmacokinetics-adapted Busulfan-based myeloablative conditioning before unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for myeloid malignancies in children.
Ansari, M; Benadiba, J; Bittencourt, H; Cellot, S; Duval, M; Krajinovic, M; Teira, P; Vachon, MF, 2018)		1.15
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

The maintenance of certain busulfan plasma concentration during its whole administration with the help of the repeated adjustments of its dosage can reduce the toxicity caused by this agent. The authors aimed to develop a population PK model for busulfans in children that can reliably achieve therapeutic exposure.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" However, even when BU is given at a dosage that does not significantly affect the HS-P, CFU-S recovery is delayed, suggesting that BU affects the CFU-S in a manner that differs qualitatively from that of CY."( Effects of cyclophosphamide and of busulfan on spleen colony-forming units and on hematopoietic stroma.
Barone, J; Fried, W; Kedo, A, 1977)		0.53
"We investigated the effect of two variables, the time interval between drug administration and transplant removal and the dosage of the drug, on the prolongation of rat heart allograft survival via donor pretreatment."( Prolongation of rat cardiac allograft survival by donor pretreatment. Impact of dose and timing of drug administration.
Häyry, P; Soots, A, 1979)		0.26
"Male Wistar Strain rats of known fertility were given subcutaneous dosage of three drugs, alpha-chlorohydrin, amino-alpha-chlorohydrin, and busulphan alone or in combination for a period of thirty days."( Agonistic properties of low doses of antifertility compounds in male rats.
Hafez, ES; Shandilya, LN; Snydle, FE, 1979)		0.26
" Radiographic appearances consistent with busulphan lung were not reported in any of the 195 B patients (receiving a mean dosage of 464 mg of busulphan over 301 days) or of the 192 C patients but were present in one of the 201 patients receiving placebo."( An investigation of the chest radiographs in a controlled trial of busulphan, cyclophosphamide, and a placebo after resection for carcinoma of the lung.
Fox, W; Roy, DC; Simon, G; Stephens, R; Stott, H, 1976)		0.26
" The diffusion chamber dose-response curves were compared to the progenitor cell survivals estimated by the spleen colony technique."( The effect of various cytotoxic agents on bone marrow progenitor cells as measured by diffusion chamber assays.
Lamerton, LF; Squires, DJ, 1975)		0.25
" The 30-day survival was 87-100% in mice transplanted after 10-40 mg/kg busulfan and 79% after TBI, but fell to 54% and 33%, respectively, after 80 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg busulfan, suggesting that this latter dosage range represents the LD50 for single-dose busulfan in young C57BL/6 mice given stem cell rescue."( Growth retardation and depigmentation of hair after high-dose busulfan and congenic hematopoietic cell transplantation in mice.
Farmer, ER; Shinn, C; Wingard, JR; Yeager, AM; Yeager, MJ, 1992)		0.76
" To optimize BU dosage in young BMT recipients, we developed a dosage regimen based on body surface area (BSA) and determined BU pharmacokinetics and BU-associated toxicities."( Optimization of busulfan dosage in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a pharmacokinetic study of dose escalation.
Graham, ML; Grochow, LB; Jones, RJ; Santos, GW; Wagner, JE; Yeager, AM, 1992)		0.63
"Recent studies have reported that the pharmacokinetics of high-dose busulfan in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are age-dependent: with the usual dosage of 16 mg/kg over 4 days, systemic exposure is two to four times lower in children than in adults."( Is 600 mg/m2 the appropriate dosage of busulfan in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation?
Challine, D; Deroussent, A; Gouyette, A; Hartmann, O; Koscielny, S; Lemerle, J; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G, 1992)		0.79
" The frequency, time to onset, and duration of GVHD were similar among the three CSP dosage groups."( Induction of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease by administration of cyclosporine to patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia.
Altomonte, V; Farmer, ER; Hess, AD; Jones, RJ; Santos, GW; Vogelsang, GB; Yeager, AM, 1992)		0.28
" The results of analysis of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) showed no irreversible damage on chromosomal DNA of the patients at the dosage used (0."( [Further study on the treatment of severe beta-thalassemia with myleran].
Liang, Z, 1991)		0.28
" We conclude that the busulphan dosage for children must be reconsidered and that further studies are urgently needed to develop an optimal therapy."( Pharmacokinetics of high-dose busulphan in relation to age and chronopharmacology.
Aschan, J; Bekassy, AN; Ehrsson, H; Hassan, M; Ljungman, P; Lönnerholm, G; Oberg, G; Smedmyr, B; Taube, A; Wallin, I, 1991)		0.28
" The curves of globin chain synthesis ratios were found to be related to dosage and the duration of myleran treatment."( [Influence of myleran on globin chain synthesis ratio in anemic rhesus monkeys].
Ao, ZH, 1989)		0.28
" G-CSF was given at variable dosage based on neutrophil count."( Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and neutrophil recovery after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Dodds, A; Fox, RM; Green, MD; Layton, JE; Lusk, J; Maher, D; Morstyn, G; Sheridan, WP; Souza, L; Wolf, M, 1989)		0.28
"/100 g body weight) in intact rats and those in Group B, a shift in the dose-response curve to the right was observed in the latter, suggesting that the sensitivity of testicular response to gonadotrophin was lower in germ cell-depleted rats."( Significance of germ cells for the expression of testicular endocrine function in rats.
Kasuga, F; Shiota, K; Takahashi, M, 1989)		0.28
"The technique of high-dose chemotherapy and bone-marrow transplantation takes advantage of any potential dose-response effect in the treatment of cancer and the ability of infused marrow to circumvent severe myelotoxicity."( High-dose chemotherapy with busulphan and cyclophosphamide and bone-marrow transplantation for drug-sensitive malignancies in adults: a preliminary report.
Boyd, AW; Brodie, GN; Green, MD; Griffiths, JD; McGrath, KM; Russell, DM; Scarlett, JD; Sheridan, WP; Thomas, RJ; Vaughan, SL, 1989)		0.28
"A previously untreated 31-yr old female with Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) received busulphan and melphalan at high dosage followed by an autograft of peripheral blood stem cells collected 4 weeks earlier."( Complete remission after autografting for chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Apperley, JF; Brito-Babapulle, F; Dowding, C; Goldman, JM; Guo, AP; Rassool, F, 1987)		0.27
" Our standard dose of cyclophosphamide was 2 g/m2 daily for 4 days, but this dosage was reduced if necessary so as not to exceed 75 mg/kg/day."( Busulphan and cyclophosphamide cause little early toxicity during displacement bone marrow transplantation in fifty children.
Barnes, R; Downie, CJ; Hobbs, JR; Hugh-Jones, K; Shaw, PJ, 1986)		0.27
"It is concluded that there is no evidence that either of the two cytotoxic drugs in the dosage prescribed improved survival for the two-year period of observation, though a final evaluation of the adjuvant chemotherapy as studied in this investigation will have to await the results at five years."( Study of cytotoxic chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery in carcinoma of the bronchus. Report by a Medical Research Council Working Party.
, 1971)		0.25
" High dose animals had greater initial responses than low dosed dogs but long term responses were not significantly different."( Autologous bone marrow infusion following high dose chemotherapy of the canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT).
Epstein, RB; Sarpel, SC, 1980)		0.26
" The dose-response relationships between BUS and SCEs in vitro were found to be similar for bone marrow and lymphocytes."( Spontaneous and busulphan-induced sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in haematologically normal human bone marrow and lymphocytes.
Honeycombe, JR, 1981)		0.26
" The probability of developing acute leukemia in this study was not significantly correlated to the total cumulative dosage of Treosulfan."( Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in patients with ovarian carcinoma following long-term treatment with Treosulfan (= dihydroxybusulfan).
Ernst, P; Ersbøl, J; Hou-Jensen, K; Knudtzon, S; Larsen, MS; Nissen, NI; Pedersen-Bjergaard, J; Rose, C; Sørensen, HM, 1980)		0.47
"0448) than did those who received octreotide at the 150 micrograms dosage level."( Randomized trial of loperamide versus dose escalation of octreotide acetate for chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in bone marrow transplant and leukemia patients.
Davidson, TG; Dix, SP; Geller, RB; Gilmore, CE; Holland, HK; Lin, LS; Topping, DL; Wingard, JR, 1995)		0.29
" Busulfan was quantitated in plasma samples at 10 time points within the 6 h dosing interval using HPLC before and after dose numbers 1, 2, 5, 13 and 14."( Busulfan pharmacokinetics in bone marrow transplant patients: is drug monitoring warranted?
Blanz, J; Ehninger, G; Kühnle, A; Kumbier, I; Mewes, K; Proksch, B; Schroer, S; Schuler, U; Zeller, KP, 1994)		2.64
" The difference in clearance between children and adults was not statistically significant when normalized to body surface area, which most probably shows that busulfan dosage should be calculated on the basis of surface area rather than body weight."( Busulfan bioavailability.
Békàssy, A; Bolme, P; Hassan, M; Kållberg, N; Ljungman, P; Ringdén, O; Starý, J; Syrůcková, Z; Wallin, I, 1994)		1.93
" The pharmacokinetics of busulfan was studied during the 6-hour dosing interval on the third day of therapy by use of a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay."( Disposition of high-dose busulfan in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Bonetti, F; Buggia, I; Locatelli, F; Pregnolato, M; Quaglini, S; Regazzi, MB; Zecca, M, 1993)		0.89
" The optimal dosage of busulfan needed to achieve bone marrow (BM) displacement in young children with malignant or nonmalignant disease remains to be defined."( Busulfan disposition below the age of three: alteration in children with lysosomal storage disease.
Boland, I; Challine, D; Fischer, A; Gluckman, E; Ledheist, F; Lemerle, S; Rahimy, C; Souillet, G; Vassal, G; Vilmer, E, 1993)		2.04
" These patients received a total of 16 doses of busulfan dosed as 1 mg/kg/dose q 6 h beginning at 09."( Association of busulfan area under the curve with veno-occlusive disease following BMT.
Davidson, TG; Devine, SM; Dix, SP; Geller, RB; Gilmore, CE; Heffner, LT; Hillyer, CD; Holland, HK; Jerkunica, I; Lin, LS; Mullins, RE; Saral, R; Wingard, JR; Winton, EF; York, RC, 1996)		0.9
" Thus, targeting avoided much of the variability in BU Css seen in other studies and appears to have allowed for an increase in oral dosing from 8 mg/kg to 10."( Busulfan, cyclophosphamide and fractionated total body irradiation for autologous or syngeneic marrow transplantation for acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia: phase I dose escalation of busulfan based on targeted plasma levels.
Appelbaum, FR; Bensinger, WI; Buckner, CD; Clift, R; Demirer, T; Fefer, A; Lambert, K; Sanders, J; Slattery, JT; Storb, R, 1996)		1.74
" Several investigators have expressed their concern about the dosage in children and many suggested higher doses based on the body surface area for young children."( Aspects concerning busulfan pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.
Ehrsson, H; Hassan, M; Ljungman, P, 1996)		0.62
" The present model is reliable and adequate for studying more patients, with a long-term follow-up combined with drug monitoring in correlation with drug efficacy and toxicity to define the optimal busulphan dosage required."( Busulphan kinetics and limited sampling model in children with leukemia and inherited disorders.
Fasth, A; Gerritsen, B; Haraldsson, A; Hassan, M; Karlsson, M; Kumlien, S; Sandström, M; Syrůcková, Z; van den Berg, H; Vossen, J, 1996)		0.29
" The superiority of a therapeutic regimen in chronic phase CML seems to primarily depend on whether its pharmacology permits a sufficiently high dosage to achieve the necessary reduction of tumor burden."( Current aspects of drug therapy in Philadelphia-positive CML: correlation of tumor burden with survival.
Hehlmann, R; Heimpel, H, 1996)		0.29
"Etoposide is one of the few drugs being used in conditioning regimens because of the ease with which its dosage can be escalated by a factor of 6 compared to the normal dose."( The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of two application schedules with high-dose VP-16 in patients receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Bewermeier, P; Hossfeld, DK; Kruger, W; Mross, K; Reifke, J; Zander, A, 1996)		0.29
" Plasma concentrations of BU at steady state (C(SS)BU) during the dosing interval were measured for each patient."( Marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia: the influence of plasma busulfan levels on the outcome of transplantation.
Anasetti, C; Appelbaum, FR; Bensinger, WI; Bowden, R; Bryant, E; Buckner, CD; Chauncey, T; Clift, RA; Deeg, HJ; Doney, KC; Flowers, M; Gooley, T; Hansen, JA; Martin, PJ; McDonald, GB; Nash, R; Petersdorf, EW; Radich, J; Sanders, JE; Schoch, G; Slattery, JT; Soll, E; Stewart, P; Storb, R; Storer, B; Sullivan, KM; Thomas, ED; Witherspoon, RP, 1997)		0.53
"Fifty-two BMT institutions were sent a questionnaire asking for details of dosing for busulphan, cyclophosphamide (bu-cy), cyclosporin and methotrexate (CSA-MTX)."( Variability in determination of body weight used for dosing busulphan and cyclophosphamide in adult patients: results of an international survey.
Grigg, A; Harun, MH; Szer, J, 1997)		0.3
"Busulphan (BU) pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation suggest that individual BU dosing may be necessary to optimise BU systemic exposure."( An improved limited sampling method for individualised busulphan dosing in bone marrow transplantation in children.
Calderwood, S; Chattergoon, DS; Doyle, J; Freedman, MH; Klein, J; Koren, G; Saunders, EF, 1997)		0.3
" Routine dosing on the basis of BSA or AIBW in adults and adolescents does not require a specific accommodation for the obese."( The impact of obesity and disease on busulfan oral clearance in adults.
Appelbaum, FR; Corneau, B; Gibbs, JP; Gooley, T; Murray, G; Slattery, JT; Stewart, P, 1999)		0.58
" However, factors other than absorption influence the AUC, and individualization of dosing may be required even with intravenous administration of the drug."( Myeloablation by intravenous busulfan and hematopoietic reconstitution with autologous marrow in a canine model.
Deeg, HJ; Ehninger, G; Ehrsam, M; Renner, U; Schuler, US; Shulman, H; Storb, R; Yu, C, 1999)		0.59
" Busulfan plasma levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after the first daily dose of the 4-day dosing regimen."( Up-regulation of glutathione S-transferase activity in enterocytes of young children.
Baldassano, RN; Gibbs, JP; Liacouras, CA; Slattery, JT, 1999)		1.21
" Although busulfan has only limited activity against solid tumors, the high doses achievable in the CSF following intrathecal administration coupled with the steep dose-response relationships of alkylating agents, provide rationale for further evaluation of this agent."( Intrathecal busulfan treatment of human neoplastic meningitis in athymic nude rats.
Archer, GE; Bigner, DD; Colvin, OM; Friedman, AH; Friedman, HS; Fuchs, HE; McCullough, W; McLendon, RE; Rose, M; Sampson, JH; Sands, H, 1999)		1.08
"High dosage busulfan (1 mg/kg orally every 6 hours x 16 doses) is frequently used in preparative regimens for haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)."( Plasma concentration monitoring of busulfan: does it improve clinical outcome?
Gibbs, JP; McCune, JS; Slattery, JT, 2000)		0.96
"We investigated whether adjusting the oral busulfan (BU) dosage on the basis of early pharmacokinetic data to achieve a targeted drug exposure could reduce transplant-related complications in children with advanced hematologic malignancies."( Individualizing high-dose oral busulfan: prospective dose adjustment in a pediatric population undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation for advanced hematologic malignancies.
Chan, KW; Choroszy, M; Danielson, M; Felix, EA; Madden, T; Petropoulos, D; Przepiorka, D; Sprigg-Saenz, HA; Tran, HT; Worth, LL, 2000)		0.86
" The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dosing of etoposide in combination with busulfan and cyclophosphamide in this setting."( Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with a conditioning regimen of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide for children with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): a phase I study of the Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium.
Coppes, MJ; Gamis, A; Hagg, R; Kamani, N; Mustafa, MM; Sandler, ES; Wall, D, 2000)		0.75
" Pharmacokinetic dosing of BU may be important for prevention of NRM but does not appear to influence the risk of relapse in this largely pediatric population with AML."( Busulfan pharmacokinetics do not predict relapse in acute myeloid leukemia.
Baker, KS; Blazar, BR; Bostrom, B; DeFor, T; Ramsay, NK; Woods, WG, 2000)		1.75
" These data suggest that dose adjustment based on first dose PK data could allow uniformity of busulfan dosing for patients receiving SCT."( A phase I/II study of multiple-dose intravenous busulfan as myeloablation prior to stem cell transplantation.
Apperley, J; Craddock, C; Eades, A; Goldman, J; Hassan, M; Kanfer, E; Matthews, J; Nilsson, C; Olavarria, E; Timms, A, 2000)		0.78
" Prospective studies of pharmacokinetically guided versus surface area-based administration should be performed to validate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships and to facilitate optimal dosage of anticancer agents in the clinic."( Pharmacokinetically guided administration of chemotherapeutic agents.
Beijnen, JH; Mathôt, RA; Schellens, JH; van den Bongard, HJ, 2000)		0.31
"Chronic low-dose busulfan therapy results in lung injury in 4-6% of patients after several years of treatment and once the cumulative dosage begins to approach 3g."( Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome following myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous transplantation.
Bilgrami, SF; Bona, RD; Clive, JM; Edwards, RL; Feingold, JM; Kapur, D; McNally, D; Metersky, ML; Naqvi, BH; Raible, D; Tutschka, PJ, 2001)		0.65
" Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma busulfan levels alerted staff to the dosing error."( Accidental busulfan overdose: enhanced drug clearance with hemodialysis in a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
Ben-Ari, J; Bentur, Y; Davidovitz, M; Gamzu, Z; Hoffer, E; Krivoy, N; Stein, J; Tabak, A; Yaniv, I, 2001)		0.98
" Anticipatory changes in hydroxyurea dosage or the maintenance of a constant dose did not abolish periodicity, but a change in therapy to the non-cycle-specific drug anagrelide dampened and abolished the cycling."( Hydroxyurea and periodicity in myeloproliferative disease.
Bennett, M; Grunwald, AJ, 2001)		0.31
"The aims of the present study were (1) to investigate and quantify the pharmacokinetics, including inter-occasion variability and covariate relationships, of busulphan in BMT patients and (2) to develop a user-friendly initial dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) strategy for the treatment of those patients with busulphan."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis resulting in a tool for dose individualization of busulphan in bone marrow transplantation recipients.
Bekassy, A; Hassan, M; Hassan, Z; Jonsson, EN; Karlsson, MO; Ljungman, P; Nilsson, C; Oberg, G; Ringden, O; Sandström, M, 2001)		0.31
"Optimisation of busulfan dosage in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation is recommended in order to reduce toxic effects associated with high drug exposure."( Quantification of busulfan in plasma by liquid chromatography-ion spray mass spectrometry. Application to pharmacokinetic studies in children.
Aigrain, EJ; Duval, M; Litalien, C; Quernin, MH; Vilmer, E, 2001)		0.99
" These results indicate that targeted busulfan dosing optimizes allogeneic engraftment in children."( Target dose adjustment of busulfan in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Bolinger, AM; Cowan, MJ; Glidden, DV; Norstad, D; Risler, LJ; Slattery, JT; Sultan, DH; Zangwill, AB, 2001)		0.88
"In order to control busulfan pharmacokinetic variability and toxicity, a specific monitoring protocol was instituted in our bone marrow transplant BMT paediatric patients including a test dose, daily Bayesian forecasting of busulfan plasma levels, and Bayesian individualization of busulfan dosage regimens."( Improved clinical outcome of paediatric bone marrow recipients using a test dose and Bayesian pharmacokinetic individualization of busulfan dosage regimens.
Aulagner, G; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Dai, Q; Galambrun, C; Janoly, A; Jelliffe, RW; Magron, P; Maire, P; Martin, P; Souillet, G, 2001)		0.84
" The maintenance of certain busulfan plasma concentration during its whole administration with the help of the repeated adjustments of its dosage can reduce the toxicity caused by this agent and improve the results of bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantations."( [High-dose busulfan--monitoring plasma levels and dosage adjustments in adults].
Kalous, O; Malásková, L; Mayer, J, 2001)		0.99
" Plasma determinations were performed after the first dosing at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min."( Therapeutic monitoring of busulfan in pediatric bone marrow transplantation.
Arush, MW; Elhasid, R; Hoffer, E; Krivoy, N; Rowe, JM; Stein, J; Tabak, A; Yaniv, I, )		0.43
" To our knowledge, this is one of the few cases of ROC in which partial remissions using conventionally dosed chemotherapy were achieved repeatedly despite a unfavorable relapse-free interval after high-dose chemotherapy for primary disease."( Individualized long-term chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer after failing high-dose treatment.
Breidenbach, M; Kurbacher, CM; Mallmann, P; Rein, DT, 2002)		0.31
" form of busulfan (Bu) has prompted investigation of administration schedules other than the 4-times-daily dosage commonly used with oral Bu."( Once-daily intravenous busulfan given with fludarabine as conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation: study of pharmacokinetics and early clinical outcomes.
Andersson, BS; Brown, C; Chaudhry, A; Duggan, P; Glick, S; Gyonyor, E; Morris, D; Quinlan, D; Ruether, JD; Russell, JA; Stewart, D; Tran, HT, 2002)		1.04
" A dosage schedule based on body surface area should be used especially in young children to reduce the age-dependent difference in kinetics."( A phase II trial of liposomal busulphan as an intravenous myeloablative agent prior to stem cell transplantation: 500 mg/m(2) as a optimal total dose for conditioning.
Aschan, J; Eber, S; Gungor, T; Hassan, M; Hassan, Z; Hentschke, P; Ljungman, P; Nilsson, C; Ringdén, O; Seger, R; Winiarski, J, 2002)		0.31
" Responders were treated at all three decitabine dose levels, and no dose-response correlation was observed."( Long-term follow-up of a phase I study of high-dose decitabine, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide plus allogeneic transplantation for the treatment of patients with leukemias.
Andersson, B; Champlin, R; Couriel, D; de Lima, M; Donato, M; Gajewski, J; Giralt, S; Kantarjian, H; Khouri, I; Ravandi, F; Shahjahan, M; van Besien, K, 2003)		0.56
" Recent data revealed immunosuppressive characteristics and substantial haematopoietic stem cell toxicity after repeated dosing of mice."( Antileukaemic activity of treosulfan in xenografted human acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL).
Baumgart, J; Becker, M; Fichtner, I, 2003)		0.32
" The dosing varied between 13 and 20 mg/kg with seven patients receiving a dose of 600 mg/m(2)."( Population pharmacokinetics of oral busulfan in children.
Boos, J; Ehninger, G; Gruhn, B; Hempel, G; Jenke, A; Klingebiel, T; Mürdter, TE; Ritter, CA; Schiltmeyer, B; Schwab, M; Würthwein, G, 2003)		0.59
" Variability in one patient during the 4 days of treatment (interoccasion variability, IOV) for Cl/F (10%) and V/F (19%) were calculated to be less than interindividual variability, fulfilling the condition for individualization of busulfan dosage regimens."( Population pharmacokinetics of oral busulfan in children.
Boos, J; Ehninger, G; Gruhn, B; Hempel, G; Jenke, A; Klingebiel, T; Mürdter, TE; Ritter, CA; Schiltmeyer, B; Schwab, M; Würthwein, G, 2003)		0.78
" However, because the steepness of the dose-response curves indicates that direct administration of busulfan is not ideal for this purpose, 15 mg busulfan kg(-1) was administered to pregnant females at various times between day 10."( Dose-response of RAG2-/-/gammac-/- mice to busulfan in preparation for spermatogonial transplantation.
Betteridge, KJ; Foster, RA; Hahnel, AC; Moisan, AE, 2003)		0.8
" Adverse effects of IFN were similar in both age groups, but IFN dosage to achieve treatment goals was lower in older patients."( Chronic myeloid leukemia in the elderly: long-term results from randomized trials with interferon alpha.
Berger, U; Engelich, G; Gnad, U; Hasford, J; Hehlmann, R; Heimpel, H; Heinze, B; Hochhaus, A; Hossfeld, DK; Kolb, HJ; Löffler, H; Maywald, O; Metzgeroth, G; Pfirrmann, M; Pralle, H; Queisser, W; Reiter, A, 2003)		0.32
" Previous work has suggested a cumulative dosage of 16 mg/kg for haematopoietic transplantation in children less than 3 years of age, but only limited data are available in infants."( Intravenous busulfan for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in infants: clinical and pharmacokinetic results.
Champagne, MA; Dalle, JH; Duval, M; Gardiner, J; Larocque, D; Shaw, L; Taylor, C; Theoret, Y; Vachon, MF; Wall, D, 2003)		0.7
"We studied the pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan (Bu) in children in order to further optimize intravenous Bu dosing in relation to toxicity and survival."( Intravenous busulfan in children prior to stem cell transplantation: study of pharmacokinetics in association with early clinical outcome and toxicity.
Ball, LM; Bredius, RG; Cremers, SC; den Hartigh, J; Egeler, RM; Lankester, AC; Teepe-Twiss, IM; Vossen, JM; Zwaveling, J, 2005)		0.96
" The BU dosing began at 15 mg/kg, escalating in 1 mg/kg increments in groups of 4 patients."( Dose escalation of busulfan with pentoxifylline and ciprofloxacin in patients with breast cancer undergoing autologous transplants.
Bensinger, WI; Buckner, CD; Holmberg, L; Lilleby, K; Slattery, JT; Storb, R, 2004)		0.65
"5 min), and the whole procedure can be completed in 4-5 h, which would permit dose corrections after the third dose allowing earlier and better dosing adjustments towards the target level of busulfan."( Development of a rapid and specific assay for detection of busulfan in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
Azevedo, Dde A; dos Reis, EO; Lima, EL; Suarez-Kurtz, G; Vianna-Jorge, R, 2005)		0.76
" Significant interpatient and intrapatient variations in pharmacokinetics require individualizing the dosage based on area under the time-versus-concentration curve."( Tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of serum busulfan.
Kellogg, MD; Law, T; Rifai, N; Sakamoto, M, 2005)		0.57
"Busulfan pharmacokinetics and toxicity were monitored in young rhesus macaques at two dosing levels (4 and 6 mg/kg)."( Busulfan pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and low-dose conditioning for autologous transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells in the rhesus macaque model.
Donahue, RE; Hsieh, MM; Kang, EM; Krouse, A; Metzger, M; Sadelain, M; Tisdale, JF, 2006)		3.22
"Busulfan pharmacokinetic studies suggest that an individual dosing strategy may be necessary to optimise systemic exposure in order to decrease toxicity and improve outcome in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation."( Quantification of busulfan in saliva and plasma in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children : validation of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method.
Gröschl, M; Holter, W; Kuhlen, M; Rascher, W; Rauh, M; Stachel, D, 2006)		2.11
"To provide clinical insights into dosing and administration of IV busulfan, a conditioning agent for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)."( Pretransplant conditioning in adults and children: dose assurance with intravenous busulfan.
Barnes, YJ; Fisher, VL; Nuss, SL, 2006)		0.8
"An understanding of the pharmacokinetic principles underlying the relationship between the therapeutic window for busulfan and optimal HSCT outcomes will facilitate proper dosing and administration of IV busulfan."( Pretransplant conditioning in adults and children: dose assurance with intravenous busulfan.
Barnes, YJ; Fisher, VL; Nuss, SL, 2006)		0.77
" We utilized an infant rhesus monkey model to identify an optimal dosage of busulfan that results in efficient long-term gene marking with minimal toxicities."( Effects of busulfan dose escalation on engraftment of infant rhesus monkey hematopoietic stem cells after gene marking by a lentiviral vector.
Burns, TS; Choi, C; Dorey, FJ; Fisher, J; Fletcher, MD; Jimenez, DF; Kahl, CA; Kohn, DB; Leapley, AC; Lee, CI; Pepper, K; Petersen, D; Tarantal, AF; Ultsch, MN, 2006)		0.95
"Increasing dosages of busulfan resulted in increased area-under-the-curve (AUC) with some variability at each dosage level, suggesting interindividual variation in clearance."( Effects of busulfan dose escalation on engraftment of infant rhesus monkey hematopoietic stem cells after gene marking by a lentiviral vector.
Burns, TS; Choi, C; Dorey, FJ; Fisher, J; Fletcher, MD; Jimenez, DF; Kahl, CA; Kohn, DB; Leapley, AC; Lee, CI; Pepper, K; Petersen, D; Tarantal, AF; Ultsch, MN, 2006)		1.04
"Mean BU exposure (AUCss) (+/-DS) before dosage modification range from 3192 to 12 180 ng h/mL."( Absence of veno-occlussive disease in a cohort of multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation with targeted busulfan dosage.
Broto, A; Brunet, S; Clopés, A; Farré, R; Mangues, MA; Martino, R; Moreno, E; Queraltó, JM; Sierra, J; Sureda, A, 2006)		0.54
" Individualising BU dosage in MM patients undergoing ASCT we observed the absence of VOD."( Absence of veno-occlussive disease in a cohort of multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation with targeted busulfan dosage.
Broto, A; Brunet, S; Clopés, A; Farré, R; Mangues, MA; Martino, R; Moreno, E; Queraltó, JM; Sierra, J; Sureda, A, 2006)		0.54
" After April 1999, 31 patients similar in all pretransplantation risk assessments received the same regimen except that intravenous (IV) Bu was substituted for PO Bu and pharmacokinetic-directed (PKD) dosing was attempted to achieve an area under the concentration time curve of 1000-1500 micromol/min for each dose."( Improved outcomes in intermediate- and high-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation substituting intravenous for oral busulfan in a busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide preparative regimen.
Aggarwal, C; Carabasi, MH; Gupta, S; Katz, RO; Nance, AG; Salzman, DE; Saylors, GB; Tilden, AB; Vaughan, WP, 2006)		0.53
"We studied the pharmacokinetics and clinical outcome of a new once-daily intravenous area under the curve-targeted dosing scheme for busulfan based on body surface area."( Once-daily intravenous busulfan in children prior to stem cell transplantation: study of pharmacokinetics and early clinical outcomes.
Bredius, RG; den Hartigh, J; Egeler, RM; Guchelaar, HJ; Lankester, AC; Maarten Bredius, RG; Zwaveling, J, 2006)		0.85
" Non-linear modulating influence was registered even at low dosage of cytostatics which actually could not affect leukemic cell viability."( [Modulating effect of antileukemia drugs on the cellular susceptibility in chronic myeloid leukemia to cytotoxic lymphocytes].
Antonenko, EV; Cherepovich, VS; Grinëv, VV; Lotkova, ES; Shakhlevich, EV, 2006)		0.33
"The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous busulfan in pediatric patients and provide dosing recommendations."( Population pharmacokinetic-based dosing of intravenous busulfan in pediatric patients.
Booth, BP; Dagher, R; Fuller, D; Gobburu, JV; Griebel, D; Lennon, S; Mehta, M; Rahman, A; Sahajwalla, C, 2007)		0.81
"5-fold difference in dosing rate, (3) negligible variability in dose-to-dose pharmacokinetics and negligible interdose accumulation with once-daily administration, and (4) no change in pharmokinetic parameter(s) with concomitant use of imidazole antifungals, oral contraceptives, or phenytoin."( Pharmacokinetics of once-daily IV busulfan as part of pretransplantation preparative regimens: a comparison with an every 6-hour dosing schedule.
Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Couriel, D; de Lima, M; Jones, RB; Madden, T; Nguyen, J; Pierre, B; Roberson, S; Shpall, EJ; Thapar, N, 2007)		0.62
" Additional BU dosing owing to nausea and/or vomiting occurred in 28 patients (18%) and five patients (3%) were hospitalized."( Home administration of high-dose oral busulfan in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Connaghan, DG; Emami, M; Holland, HK; Matthews, RH; Morris, LE, 2007)		0.61
" BSA- or age-based dosing is used with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to reduce this variability."( Prospective validation of a novel IV busulfan fixed dosing for paediatric patients to improve therapeutic AUC targeting without drug monitoring.
Doz, F; Espérou, H; Galambrun, C; Gentet, JC; Mechinaud, F; Michel, G; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Puozzo, C; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G; Zouabi, H, 2008)		0.62
"A new intravenous (IV) dosing of busulfan (Bu) based on body weight, designed to improve AUC targeting without TDM and dose-adjustment, was prospectively evaluated."( Prospective validation of a novel IV busulfan fixed dosing for paediatric patients to improve therapeutic AUC targeting without drug monitoring.
Doz, F; Espérou, H; Galambrun, C; Gentet, JC; Mechinaud, F; Michel, G; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Puozzo, C; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G; Zouabi, H, 2008)		0.9
" This new dosing enabled to achieve a mean exposure comparable to that in adults."( Prospective validation of a novel IV busulfan fixed dosing for paediatric patients to improve therapeutic AUC targeting without drug monitoring.
Doz, F; Espérou, H; Galambrun, C; Gentet, JC; Mechinaud, F; Michel, G; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Puozzo, C; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G; Zouabi, H, 2008)		0.62
"In order to assess the performance of Bayesian individualization of busulfan (BU) dosage regimens, veno-occlusive disease (VOD) rate was monitored for paediatric patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT)."( Risk-adjusted monitoring of veno-occlusive disease following Bayesian individualization of busulfan dosage for bone marrow transplantation in paediatrics.
Brice, K; Claire, G; Gilles, A; Nathalie, B; Valerie, B; Valerie, M; Yves, B, 2008)		0.8
" Pharmacokinetic assays of mycophenolic acid (MPA) showed a therapeutic area under the curve (AUC) at the dosage of 3 g daily, although a large inter- and intraindividual variations of MPA plasma levels were found."( Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation from unrelated donors: evaluation of mycophenolate mofetil plus cyclosporin A as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis.
Caballero, D; Calvo, MV; de la Cámara, R; de Oteiza, JP; Heras, I; Martino, R; Pérez-Simón, JA; Rebollo, N; San Miguel, JF; Sierra, J; Valcarcel, D, 2008)		0.35
" Monte Carlo simulations were then performed to assess busulfan dosing regimens based on GSTA1 genotypes."( Glutathione S-transferase A1 genetic variants reduce busulfan clearance in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Baker, KS; Brundage, R; Cao, Q; Farag-El Maasah, S; Jacobson, PA; Johnson, L; Langer, E; Orchard, PJ; Remmel, R; Ross, JA; Wang, X, 2008)		0.84
" Measurement of individual plasma busulfan levels during oral or intravenous dosing to obtain an AUC is likely to provide the necessary elements to monitor the drug disposition, ensuring efficacy and preventing toxicity of patients undergoing HSCT."( Busulfan use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pharmacology, dose adjustment, safety and efficacy in adults and children.
Bentur, Y; Hoffer, E; Krivoy, N; Lurie, Y; Rowe, JM, 2008)		2.07
" However there is still at least a threefold variation in exposures achieved by the same dose of IV Bu in different individuals and a small proportion of patients will experience toxic exposures with current dosing regimens."( Therapeutic drug monitoring of busulfan in transplantation.
Kangarloo, SB; Russell, JA, 2008)		0.63
" For an optimal area under the curve (AUC) targeting, a new Bu dosing regimen [i."( Integration of modelling and simulation into the development of intravenous busulfan in paediatrics: an industrial experience.
Nguyen, L, 2008)		0.58
" The optimal target area under the curve (AUC) and dosing schedule of intravenous busulfan in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain unclear, however."( Association between busulfan exposure and outcome in children receiving intravenous busulfan before hematologic stem cell transplantation.
Bartelink, IH; Belitser, SV; Bierings, M; Boelens, JJ; Bredius, RG; Egberts, AC; Egeler, M; Knibbe, CA; Lankester, AC; Suttorp, MM; Zwaveling, J, 2009)		0.9
" Body surface area-based dosing in the FLU/MEL regimen led to a wide range of MEL doses administered per kilogram body weight (2."( Characteristics and risk factors of oral mucositis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with FLU/MEL conditioning regimen in context with BU/CY2.
Karas, M; Koza, V; Steinerova, K; Vokurka, S, 2009)		0.35
" IV Bu dosing was mostly based on the ideal body weight index while actual body weight or adjusted ideal body weight indexes were mostly used for oral."( Exposure equivalence between IV (0.8 mg/kg) and oral (1 mg/kg) busulfan in adult patients.
Léger, F; Nguyen, L; Puozzo, C, 2009)		0.59
" An intravenous dosing of busulfan based on body weight was used."( [Efficacy and toxicity of intravenous busulfan-based conditioning treatment before hAematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: preliminary report].
Debski, R; Krenska, A; Styczyński, J; Wysocki, M, )		0.7
" All patients had individualized dosing based on pharmacokinetics after the first dose of intravenous BU."( Influence of GST gene polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetics in children.
Ansari, M; Champagne, MA; Duval, M; Krajinovic, M; Lauzon-Joset, JF; Théoret, Y; Vachon, MF, 2010)		0.63
" busulfan, variability in the systemic concentrations of busulfan after weight-based dosing and the association between busulfan plasma exposure and outcome in HCT patients have led to the continued use of therapeutic drug monitoring of busulfan."( Busulfan in hematopoietic stem cell transplant setting.
Holmberg, LA; McCune, JS, 2009)		2.71
" PK of the first dose IVBu was determined to calculate a single dosage adjustment, and with the 9th and 13th doses to confirm steady-state PK."( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Chan, KW; Hayashi, RJ; Kadota, R; Kletzel, M; Mezzi, K; Nieder, ML; Przepiorka, D; Wall, DA; Yeager, AM, 2010)		0.61
"The targeted AUC was achieved with the first dose in 17/24 (71%) of the children using the age-adjusted dosing approach."( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Chan, KW; Hayashi, RJ; Kadota, R; Kletzel, M; Mezzi, K; Nieder, ML; Przepiorka, D; Wall, DA; Yeager, AM, 2010)		0.61
" Whether PK-based busulfan dosing can achieve further improvements in this setting is worthy of study."( Superior survival after replacing oral with intravenous busulfan in autologous stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin lymphoma with busulfan, cyclophosphamide and etoposide.
Andresen, S; Bolwell, BJ; Copelan, EA; Curtis, J; Dean, RM; Kalaycio, ME; Pohlman, B; Rybicki, LA; Smith, SD; Sobecks, RM; Sweetenham, JW, 2010)		0.94
" The results suggest that a dosage of 30 mg kg(-1) is optimal for the ablative treatment with busulfan used to prepare the recipient mice."( Optimal dose of busulfan for depleting testicular germ cells of recipient mice before spermatogonial transplantation.
Wang, DZ; Yuan, YL; Zheng, XM; Zhou, XH, 2010)		0.93
" Maintenance of plasma busulfan concentrations using repeated measurements and proper adjustment of dosage can reduce busulfan-related toxicity and improve treatment outcomes."( Quantification of busulfan in plasma using liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS).
Ritchie, JC; Snyder, ML, 2010)		1.01
" Bu in different dosing protocols, (2) compare intrasubject variability of Bu PK over repeated administrations; (3) examine the effect of concomitant administration of fludarabine on Bu PK, and (4) examine the effect of plasma concentrations of glutathione (GSH), the cosubstrate in Bu metabolism, on Bu clearance."( Linearity and stability of intravenous busulfan pharmacokinetics and the role of glutathione in busulfan elimination.
Almog, S; Gopher, A; Halkin, H; Hassoun, E; Kurnik, D; Loebstein, R; Nagler, A; Shimoni, A, 2011)		0.64
" Bu dosing and continued until 24 hours after the last dose."( Influence on Busilvex pharmacokinetics of clonazepam compared to previous phenytoin historical data.
Bacigalupo, A; Buzyn, A; Cahn, JY; Carreras, E; Kröger, N; Puozzo, C; Sanz, G; Vernant, JP, 2010)		0.36
" A dose-response relationship between busulfan exposure and outcome is known."( Phase I study of dose-escalated busulfan with fludarabine and alemtuzumab as conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: reduced clearance at high doses and occurrence of late sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease.
Artz, AS; Del Cerro, P; Godley, LA; Hart, J; Horowitz, S; Innocenti, F; Larson, RA; O'Donnell, PH; Odenike, OM; Pai, RK; Stock, W; Undevia, SD; Van Besien, K, 2010)		0.92
" In the remaining 53 patients, the first-dose AUC was within the target range and no dosing adjustments were required."( Pharmacokinetic targeting of i.v. BU with fludarabine as conditioning before hematopoietic cell transplant: the effect of first-dose area under the concentration time curve on transplant-related outcomes.
Anasetti, C; Ayala, E; Fancher, K; Fernandez, H; Field, T; Gardiner, JA; Kharfan-Dabaja, MA; Kim, J; Miller, S; Milone, MC; Perez, L; Perkins, J; Shaw, LM; Tate, C, 2011)		0.37
" These data suggest that personalizing either IV or oral busulfan dosing cannot be simplified on the basis of GSTA1 or GSTM1 genotype."( Pharmacogenetics of intravenous and oral busulfan in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
Abbasi, N; Blough, DK; Deeg, HJ; Ho, RJ; Kelly, EJ; Knutson, JA; McCune, JS; O'Donnell, PV; Pawlikowski, MA; Vadnais, B, 2011)		0.88
" busulfan dosage scheme."( Influence of GST gene polymorphisms on the clearance of intravenous busulfan in adult patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Bae, KS; Choi, Y; Han, SB; Hur, EH; Kim, DY; Kim, SD; Lee, JH; Lee, KH; Lim, HS; Lim, SN; Noh, GJ; Yun, SC, 2011)		1.51
"A prospective clinical trial was performed in order to validate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical benefits of a new dosing schedule of intravenous busulfan (IV Bu) in children."( Weight-based strategy of dose administration in children using intravenous busulfan: clinical and pharmacokinetic results.
Bertrand, Y; Bordigoni, P; Demeocq, F; Doz, F; Esperou, H; Frappaz, D; Galambrun, C; Gentet, JC; Méchinaud, F; Michel, G; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Socié, G; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G; Yakouben, K, 2012)		0.81
"The new dosing schedule using IV Bu provides adequate therapeutic targeting from the first administration, with low toxicity and good disease control in high-risk children."( Weight-based strategy of dose administration in children using intravenous busulfan: clinical and pharmacokinetic results.
Bertrand, Y; Bordigoni, P; Demeocq, F; Doz, F; Esperou, H; Frappaz, D; Galambrun, C; Gentet, JC; Méchinaud, F; Michel, G; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Socié, G; Valteau-Couanet, D; Vassal, G; Yakouben, K, 2012)		0.61
" The prevalence of overweight and obese children has also increased in the pediatric cancer setting, causing substantial concern over proper chemotherapeutic dosing in this population."( Busulfan dosing in children with BMIs ≥ 85% undergoing HSCT: a new optimal strategy.
Browning, B; Donaldson, A; Halverson, T; Kletzel, M; Shinkle, M; Thormann, K, 2011)		1.81
" Busulfan dosing is complex due to wide interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics and a narrow therapeutic range."( An automated method for supporting busulfan therapeutic drug monitoring.
Johnson-Davis, KL; Juenke, JM; McMillin, GA; Miller, KA, 2011)		1.56
"Lower dosage of total body irradiation (TBI) and chemotherapy in reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation have reduced the toxicity of the conditioning and non-relapse mortality."( Intermediate intensity conditioning regimen containing FLAMSA, treosulfan, cyclophosphamide, and ATG for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with relapsed or high-risk acute myeloid leukemia.
Brossart, P; Chemnitz, JM; Hallek, M; Holtick, U; Krause, A; Scheid, C; Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, A; Theurich, S; von Lilienfeld-Toal, M, 2012)		0.38
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)		0.37
" Busulfan clearance was not associated with sex or age, but was associated with the day of dosing and conditioning regimen (P = ."( Accurate targeting of daily intravenous busulfan with 8-hour blood sampling in hospitalized adult hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
Blough, DK; Deeg, HJ; McCune, JS; McDonald, GB; O'Donnell, PV; Pawlikowski, MA; Rezvani, A; Yeh, RF, 2012)		1.56
"The PBPK model matched the pharmacokinetics in different dosing regimens in adults."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of high- and low-dose etoposide: from adults to children.
Boos, J; Hempel, G; Kersting, G; Lippert, J; Willmann, S; Würthwein, G, 2012)		0.38
" However, when both the test and the treatment doses were administered at the same infusion rate, clearance of the drug between the 2 dosing days was equivalent."( Development and validation of a test dose strategy for once-daily i.v. busulfan: importance of fixed infusion rate dosing.
Bahlis, NJ; Brown, CB; Chaudhry, MA; Daly, A; Duggan, P; Geddes, M; Kangarloo, SB; Magliocco, AM; Naveed, F; Ng, ES; Quinlan, D; Russell, JA; Savoie, ML; Shafey, M; Stewart, DA; Storek, J; Wu, J; Yang, M; Yue, P; Zacarias, N, 2012)		0.61
"Analytical variance and the AUC calculation method play a considerable role in the clinical management of busulfan dosing during HSCT."( Clinical consequences of analytical variance and calculation strategy in oral busulfan pharmacokinetics.
Clarke, W; Lombardi, L; Olson, MT, 2011)		0.81
"To evaluate the best method for dosing busulfan in children, we retrospectively analyzed two different data sets from three different dosing regimens by means of population pharmacokinetics using NONMEM."( Population pharmacokinetics of busulfan in children: increased evidence for body surface area and allometric body weight dosing of busulfan in children.
Bergstrand, M; Boos, J; Hempel, G; Karlsson, MO; Trame, MN, 2011)		0.92
"9 years, who belonged to the once-daily intravenous busulfan dosing regimen."( Population pharmacokinetics of busulfan in children: increased evidence for body surface area and allometric body weight dosing of busulfan in children.
Bergstrand, M; Boos, J; Hempel, G; Karlsson, MO; Trame, MN, 2011)		0.91
" On the basis of the final models, we simulated two dosing schemes according to allometric BW and BSA showing that we estimated to include about 30% more patients into the proposed therapeutic area under the curve (AUC) range of 900 to 1,500 μM*min and could, furthermore, achieve a reduction in the AUC variability when dosed according to the labeled European Medicines Agency (EMA) dosing recommendation."( Population pharmacokinetics of busulfan in children: increased evidence for body surface area and allometric body weight dosing of busulfan in children.
Bergstrand, M; Boos, J; Hempel, G; Karlsson, MO; Trame, MN, 2011)		0.66
"We recommend a BSA or an allometric BW dosing regimen for individualizing busulfan therapy in children to reduce variability in busulfan exposure and to improve safety and efficacy of busulfan treatment."( Population pharmacokinetics of busulfan in children: increased evidence for body surface area and allometric body weight dosing of busulfan in children.
Bergstrand, M; Boos, J; Hempel, G; Karlsson, MO; Trame, MN, 2011)		0.89
"The clinical advantage of pharmacokinetic (PK)-directed-based dosing on intravenous (i."( Pharmacokinetic-directed high-dose busulfan combined with cyclophosphamide and etoposide results in predictable drug levels and durable long-term survival in lymphoma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.
Ali, Z; Dada, MO; Flowers, CR; Graiser, M; Hutcherson, DA; McMillan, S; Waller, EK; Zhang, H, 2012)		0.66
"Intravenous (IV) busulfan (Bu) dosing approved in Europe based on 5 body weight (BW) strata has been validated for targeting Bu exposures in children undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and with mostly malignant diseases."( Pharmacokinetic behavior and appraisal of intravenous busulfan dosing in infants and older children: the results of a population pharmacokinetic study from a large pediatric cohort undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Abdi, ZD; Bleyzac, N; Broutin, S; Dalle, JH; Galambrun, C; Kemmel, V; Moshous, D; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Pétain, A; Vassal, G, 2012)		0.97
" Bu dosing either adjusted according to the final model or with the approved EU labeling yields similar targeting performances."( Pharmacokinetic behavior and appraisal of intravenous busulfan dosing in infants and older children: the results of a population pharmacokinetic study from a large pediatric cohort undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Abdi, ZD; Bleyzac, N; Broutin, S; Dalle, JH; Galambrun, C; Kemmel, V; Moshous, D; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Pétain, A; Vassal, G, 2012)		0.63
" The BW-based dosing strategy recommended in Europe proved to be consistent on a large paediatric cohort representative of the population heterogeneity observed in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation."( Pharmacokinetic behavior and appraisal of intravenous busulfan dosing in infants and older children: the results of a population pharmacokinetic study from a large pediatric cohort undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Abdi, ZD; Bleyzac, N; Broutin, S; Dalle, JH; Galambrun, C; Kemmel, V; Moshous, D; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Pétain, A; Vassal, G, 2012)		0.63
"1 to 26 years of age, elucidate patient characteristics that explain the variability in exposure between patients and optimize dosing accordingly."( Body weight-dependent pharmacokinetics of busulfan in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: towards individualized dosing.
Bartelink, IH; Bierings, MB; Boelens, JJ; Bredius, RG; Danhof, M; Egberts, AC; Hempel, G; Knibbe, CA; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Wang, C; Zwaveling, J, 2012)		0.64
" Based on the final pharmacokinetic-model, an individualized dosing nomogram was developed."( Body weight-dependent pharmacokinetics of busulfan in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: towards individualized dosing.
Bartelink, IH; Bierings, MB; Boelens, JJ; Bredius, RG; Danhof, M; Egberts, AC; Hempel, G; Knibbe, CA; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Wang, C; Zwaveling, J, 2012)		0.64
"The model-based individual dosing nomogram is expected to result in predictive busulfan exposures in patients ranging between 3 and 65 kg and thereby to a safer and more effective conditioning regimen for HSCT in children."( Body weight-dependent pharmacokinetics of busulfan in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: towards individualized dosing.
Bartelink, IH; Bierings, MB; Boelens, JJ; Bredius, RG; Danhof, M; Egberts, AC; Hempel, G; Knibbe, CA; Nath, CE; Shaw, PJ; Wang, C; Zwaveling, J, 2012)		0.87
" Analytical methods developed for Bu routine monitoring were aimed at using low volumes of biological fluids and development of simple procedures to facilitate the dosage adjustment."( A simplified method for busulfan monitoring using dried blood spot in combination with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Ansari, M; Daali, Y; Dayer, P; Déglon, J; Desmules, J; Gumy-Pause, F; Ozsahin, H; Théorêt, Y; Uppugunduri, CR; Versace, F, 2012)		0.69
"The new DBS method facilitates earlier dosage adjustment during Bu therapy by its specific and simple procedure using 5 μL of whole blood."( A simplified method for busulfan monitoring using dried blood spot in combination with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Ansari, M; Daali, Y; Dayer, P; Déglon, J; Desmules, J; Gumy-Pause, F; Ozsahin, H; Théorêt, Y; Uppugunduri, CR; Versace, F, 2012)		0.69
" Still, in different mammalian species wide variability in optimal doses of busulfan has been demonstrated, whereas in birds, the dosage has not yet been optimized."( The effect of busulfan treatment on endogenous spermatogonial stem cells in immature roosters.
Golovan, S; Tagirov, M, 2012)		0.97
" Clo 40 mg/m(2) was given once daily, with each dose followed by pharmacokinetically dosed Bu infused over 3 hours daily for 4 days, followed by hematopoietic SCT 2 days later."( Clofarabine combined with busulfan provides excellent disease control in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Alousi, A; Andersson, BS; Basset, R; Champlin, RE; Ciurea, S; de Lima, M; Hosing, C; Jones, RB; Kebriaei, P; Khouri, I; Ledesma, C; Nieto, Y; Parmar, S; Popat, U; Qazilbash, M; Shpall, EJ, 2012)		0.68
" In conclusion, GST and ABCB1 genotyping may assist care-givers in personalizing BU dosage with less trial-and-error and may enable preemptive identification of patients at risk for BU toxicity."( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analysis of oral busulfan in stem cell transplantation: prediction of poor drug metabolism to prevent drug toxicity.
Efrati, E; Elkin, H; Froymovich, L; Krivoy, N; Rowe, JM; Zuckerman, T, 2012)		0.63
" A model for the dosage adjustment with the inclusion of genetic and non-genetic factors should be evaluated in a future prospective validation cohort."( Glutathione S-transferase gene variations influence BU pharmacokinetics and outcome of hematopoietic SCT in pediatric patients.
Ansari, M; Bittencourt, H; Champagne, M; Desjean, C; Duval, M; Krajinovic, M; Labuda, M; Mezziani, S; Peters, C; Przybyla, C; Rezgui, MA; Rousseau, J; Théoret, Y; Uppugunduri, CR; Vachon, MF, 2013)		0.39
" The authors sought to characterize initial dosing and TDM of IV busulfan, along with factors associated with busulfan clearance, in 729 children who underwent busulfan TDM from December 2005 to December 2008."( Variation in prescribing patterns and therapeutic drug monitoring of intravenous busulfan in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
Baker, KS; Barrett, JS; Bemer, MJ; Blough, DK; Gamis, A; Kelton-Rehkopf, MC; McCune, JS; Winter, L, 2013)		0.85
" To solve this problem, we proposed a new dosing scheme, in which the amount of dose was adjusted dynamically according to the estimated precision of the AUC estimator."( A proposed dynamic dosing scheme to secure the target plasma drug concentrations based on the precision of the AUC estimate.
Tsuruta, H; Wada, T, 2013)		0.39
" Assuming an increase in clearance overtime as found in our previous investigation, separate time factors for the two different dosing schedules included in the dataset were tested."( Population pharmacokinetics of dimethylacetamide in children during standard and once-daily IV busulfan administration.
Bartelink, IH; Boelens, JJ; Boos, J; Hempel, G; Trame, MN, 2013)		0.61
" The rapid clearance with different dosing in patients of different body weights indicates that it is safe to use DMA in children in both a once and four times daily regimen."( Population pharmacokinetics of dimethylacetamide in children during standard and once-daily IV busulfan administration.
Bartelink, IH; Boelens, JJ; Boos, J; Hempel, G; Trame, MN, 2013)		0.61
"Intravenous (IV) busulfan (Bu) combined with therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing is associated with better event-free survival (EFS), lower transplant-related mortality."( Association between busulfan exposure and outcome in children receiving intravenous busulfan before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Ansari, M; Bittencourt, H; Champagne, MA; Desjean, C; Duval, M; Krajinovic, M; Mezziani, S; Peters, C; Rezgui, MA; Théoret, Y; Vachon, MF, 2014)		1.07
"A busulfan concentration monitoring and dosing service has been provided by Christchurch Hospital since 1998."( Thirteen years' experience of pharmacokinetic monitoring and dosing of busulfan: can the strategy be improved?
Allen, KM; Barclay, ML; Begg, EJ; Buffery, PJ; Chin, PK; Moore, GA, 2014)		1.36
" The relationship of CL and body weight for the IV group was used to develop a revised IV dosing schedule."( Thirteen years' experience of pharmacokinetic monitoring and dosing of busulfan: can the strategy be improved?
Allen, KM; Barclay, ML; Begg, EJ; Buffery, PJ; Chin, PK; Moore, GA, 2014)		0.64
" Dose adjustment was made in 47% and 34% of patients dosed IV and orally, respectively, after which there was a trend to more patients achieving the target AUC."( Thirteen years' experience of pharmacokinetic monitoring and dosing of busulfan: can the strategy be improved?
Allen, KM; Barclay, ML; Begg, EJ; Buffery, PJ; Chin, PK; Moore, GA, 2014)		0.64
" The relationship between CL and body weight was used to revise the initial IV dosing schedule."( Thirteen years' experience of pharmacokinetic monitoring and dosing of busulfan: can the strategy be improved?
Allen, KM; Barclay, ML; Begg, EJ; Buffery, PJ; Chin, PK; Moore, GA, 2014)		0.64
" In study 1, dose-response relationships were investigated in three-day-old pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, n = 6)."( Intestinal response to myeloablative chemotherapy in piglets.
Heilmann, C; Müller, K; Petersen, BL; Pontoppidan, PL; Sangild, PT; Shen, RL; Thymann, T, 2014)		0.4
" This article presents an outline on performing a population PK/PD study and translating these results into rational dosing regimens, with the development and prospective evaluation of PK/PD derived evidence-based dosing regimen being discussed."( Towards evidence-based dosing regimens in children on the basis of population pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modelling.
Admiraal, R; Boelens, JJ; Bredius, RG; Knibbe, CA; Tibboel, D; van Kesteren, C, 2014)		0.4
" This article reviews the current published literature on the dosing of pharmacologic agents used for HCT preparative regimens with specific focus on the obese patient population."( Conditioning chemotherapy dose adjustment in obese patients: a review and position statement by the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation practice guideline committee.
Bubalo, J; Carpenter, PA; Leather, HL; Majhail, N; Marks, DI; Perales, MA; Pidala, J; Savani, BN; Shaughnessy, P; Wingard, J, 2014)		0.4
" Pharmacokinetic data to optimize treosulfan dosing are scarce in this patient population."( Pharmacokinetics of treosulfan in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Ackaert, O; Bredius, RG; den Hartigh, J; Guchelaar, HJ; Lankester, AC; Smiers, FJ; Ten Brink, MH; Zwaveling, J, 2014)		0.4
"We utilized a new reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) containing of new dosage of intravenous Bu (9."( [The efficacy and safety of modified busulfan/fludarabine conditioning regimen in elderly or drug-intolerable patients with hematologic malignancies].
Chen, H; Fu, HX; Huang, XJ; Liu, DH; Liu, KY; Sun, YQ; Tang, FF; Wang, FR; Wang, Y; Xu, LP, 2013)		0.66
") busulfan in children to evaluate the optimal method to personalize its dosing without concentration-time data."( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in children: revised body weight-dependent NONMEM® model to optimize dosing.
Boos, J; Diestelhorst, C; Hempel, G; McCune, JS, 2014)		1.39
" The dosing nomogram for every 6 h administration derived from the final model is: dose[mg]=target AUC[mg×h/L]×3."( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in children: revised body weight-dependent NONMEM® model to optimize dosing.
Boos, J; Diestelhorst, C; Hempel, G; McCune, JS, 2014)		0.67
"We revised our prior dosing nomogram after validation in a separate cohort of children."( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan in children: revised body weight-dependent NONMEM® model to optimize dosing.
Boos, J; Diestelhorst, C; Hempel, G; McCune, JS, 2014)		0.67
"Series of observations indicate PK/PD variability challenging the accuracy of the body-weight based busulfan (Bu) dosing schedule for (HSCT) conditioning therapy."( The importance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for parenteral busulfan dosing in conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children.
Branova, R; Janeckova, D; Keslova, P; Klapkova, E; Malis, J; Prusa, R; Riha, P; Sedlacek, P; Tesfaye, H, 2014)		0.85
" Overall, patients dosed by DBW were more likely to undershoot goal AUC (-12."( Busulfan dosing (Q6 or Q24) with adjusted or actual body weight, does it matter?
Awan, FT; Clemmons, AB; DeRemer, DL; Evans, S, 2015)		1.86
" The authors aimed to develop a population PK model for busulfan in children that can reliably achieve therapeutic exposure (concentration at steady state) and implement a simple model-based tool for the initial dosing of busulfan in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation."( Population pharmacokinetics of busulfan in pediatric and young adult patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant: a model-based dosing algorithm for personalized therapy and implementation into routine clinical use.
Bartelink, I; Cowan, MJ; Dvorak, CC; French, D; Horn, B; Law, J; Long-Boyle, JR; Musick, L; Savic, R; Yan, S, 2015)		0.95
" The final population PK model was implemented into a clinician-friendly Microsoft Excel-based tool and used to recommend initial doses of busulfan in a group of 21 pediatric patients prospectively dosed based on the population PK model."( Population pharmacokinetics of busulfan in pediatric and young adult patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant: a model-based dosing algorithm for personalized therapy and implementation into routine clinical use.
Bartelink, I; Cowan, MJ; Dvorak, CC; French, D; Horn, B; Law, J; Long-Boyle, JR; Musick, L; Savic, R; Yan, S, 2015)		0.91
"When compared with the conventional dosing guidelines, the model-based algorithm demonstrates significant improvement for providing targeted busulfan therapy in children and young adults."( Population pharmacokinetics of busulfan in pediatric and young adult patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant: a model-based dosing algorithm for personalized therapy and implementation into routine clinical use.
Bartelink, I; Cowan, MJ; Dvorak, CC; French, D; Horn, B; Law, J; Long-Boyle, JR; Musick, L; Savic, R; Yan, S, 2015)		0.9
" Body weight (BW), or adjusted ideal body weight (AIBW)-based dosing (WBD) algorithm, has been used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)."( Dosing algorithm revisit for busulfan following IV infusion.
Armstrong, E; Kato, K; Le Gallo, C; Rock, E; Wang, X; Wang, Y, 2015)		0.71
" Dosing algorithm was developed based on derived covariate model of CL."( Dosing algorithm revisit for busulfan following IV infusion.
Armstrong, E; Kato, K; Le Gallo, C; Rock, E; Wang, X; Wang, Y, 2015)		0.71
" The proposed dosing algorithm was dose (mg) = (31."( Dosing algorithm revisit for busulfan following IV infusion.
Armstrong, E; Kato, K; Le Gallo, C; Rock, E; Wang, X; Wang, Y, 2015)		0.71
"The proposed dosing algorithm can significantly improve the sub-exposure of Bu."( Dosing algorithm revisit for busulfan following IV infusion.
Armstrong, E; Kato, K; Le Gallo, C; Rock, E; Wang, X; Wang, Y, 2015)		0.71
" We aimed this retrospective study for comparison of weight- and age-based dosing in terms of clinical outcomes such as time to engraftment, early complications, EFS, OS, and toxicity profiles in children receiving iv Bu."( Clinical comparison of weight- and age-based strategy of dose administration in children receiving intravenous busulfan for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Avci, Z; Azik, F; Gürlek Gökçebay, D; Isik, P; Kara, A; Ozbek, N; Tavil, B; Tunc, B, 2015)		0.63
"The aim of this investigation was to develop a model-based dosing algorithm for busulfan and identify an optimal sampling scheme for use in routine clinical practice."( Busulfan dosing algorithm and sampling strategy in stem cell transplantation patients.
de Castro, FA; Della Pasqua, O; Lanchote, VL; Piana, C; Simões, BP, 2015)		2.09
" A one compartment model was selected as basis for sampling optimization and subsequent evaluation of a suitable dosing algorithm."( Busulfan dosing algorithm and sampling strategy in stem cell transplantation patients.
de Castro, FA; Della Pasqua, O; Lanchote, VL; Piana, C; Simões, BP, 2015)		1.86
" Based on simulation scenarios, a dosing algorithm was identified, which ensures target exposure values are attained after a test dose."( Busulfan dosing algorithm and sampling strategy in stem cell transplantation patients.
de Castro, FA; Della Pasqua, O; Lanchote, VL; Piana, C; Simões, BP, 2015)		1.86
"The use of the proposed dosing algorithm in conjunction with a sparse sampling scheme may contribute to considerable improvement in the safety and efficacy profile of patients undergoing treatment for stem cell transplantation."( Busulfan dosing algorithm and sampling strategy in stem cell transplantation patients.
de Castro, FA; Della Pasqua, O; Lanchote, VL; Piana, C; Simões, BP, 2015)		1.86
" Even though dosing and timing might have been the reasons for this failure, it might also be that TREO does not reach the brain in sufficient amount."( Transport of treosulfan and temozolomide across an in-vitro blood-brain barrier model.
Hupert, M; Linz, U; Santiago-Schübel, B; Stab, J; Wagner, S; Wien, S, 2015)		0.42
" Multiple pediatric busulfan dosing guidelines aim to achieve this target."( Performance of Busulfan Dosing Guidelines for Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Conditioning.
Dupuis, LL; Egeler, RM; Gassas, A; Gerges, S; Grunebaum, E; Liu, WJ; Schechter, T; Zao, JH, 2015)		1.09
" Busulfan dosing targeted 4000 μM-minute/day (days -8 to -5)."( Vorinostat Combined with High-Dose Gemcitabine, Busulfan, and Melphalan with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Refractory Lymphomas.
Ahmed, S; Alousi, A; Anderlini, P; Andersson, BS; Bashir, Q; Champlin, R; Dabaja, B; Fanale, M; Gulbis, A; Hagemeister, F; Hosing, C; Jones, RB; Liu, Y; Nieto, Y; Oki, Y; Pinnix, C; Popat, U; Qazilbash, M; Shah, N; Shpall, EJ; Thall, PF; Valdez, BC, 2015)		1.58
" Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)-guided dosing to reach the conventional area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) target range of 900-1500 μmol min/L is associated with better outcomes."( Should busulfan therapeutic range be narrowed in pediatrics? Experience from a large cohort of hematopoietic stem cell transplant children.
Bergeron, C; Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Fonrose, X; Girard, P; Goutelle, S; Guitton, J; Philippe, M, 2016)		0.89
" 32 male Wistar rats were injected with a double dosage of 15 ml/kg busulfan with 14 days interval."( Effect of human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on rat busulfan-induced testis injury.
Amidi, F; Khanlarkhani, N; Mortezaee, K; Najafi, A; Naji, M; Pasbakhsh, P; Sobhani, A; Zendedel, A, 2016)		0.9
" They used it to simulate optimal initial busulfan dosages, and in a blinded manner, they compared dosage adjustments using the model in the BestDose software to dosage adjustments calculated by noncompartmental estimation of area under the time-concentration curve at a national reference laboratory in a cohort of patients not included in model building."( Accurately Achieving Target Busulfan Exposure in Children and Adolescents With Very Limited Sampling and the BestDose Software.
Bayard, D; Bleyzac, N; Fu, X; Goutelle, S; Neely, M; Philippe, M; Rushing, T; Schumitzky, A; van Guilder, M, 2016)		0.99
"BestDose accurately calculates busulfan intravenous dosage requirements to achieve target plasma exposures in children up to 18 years of age and 110 kg using only 2 blood samples per adjustment compared with 6-9 samples for standard noncompartmental dose calculations."( Accurately Achieving Target Busulfan Exposure in Children and Adolescents With Very Limited Sampling and the BestDose Software.
Bayard, D; Bleyzac, N; Fu, X; Goutelle, S; Neely, M; Philippe, M; Rushing, T; Schumitzky, A; van Guilder, M, 2016)		1.01
" However, the application of different sampling strategies and pharmacokinetic approaches results in different dosing recommendations and ostensibly different outcomes."( Intravenous busulfan dose individualization - impact of modeling approach on dose recommendation.
Abdel-Rahman, SM; Casey, KL; Dalal, J; Garg, U, 2016)		0.81
" Pharmacokinetic dosing of busulfan (Bu) is frequently done for myeloablative conditioning, but evidence for its use is limited in RIC transplants."( Fludarabine-Busulfan Reduced-Intensity Conditioning in Comparison with Fludarabine-Melphalan Is Associated with Increased Relapse Risk In Spite of Pharmacokinetic Dosing.
Al-Kali, A; Alkhateeb, HB; Damlaj, M; Gangat, N; Gastineau, DA; Hashmi, S; Hefazi, M; Hogan, WJ; Litzow, MR; Partain, DK; Patnaik, MM; Wolf, RC, 2016)		1.11
" To facilitate a therapeutic dose-monitoring protocol, we transitioned from Bu6 to daily Bu dosing for patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)."( Daily Weight-Based Busulfan with Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide Produces Comparable Outcomes to Four-Times-Daily Busulfan Dosing for Lymphoma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.
Andresen, S; Bolwell, BJ; Carlstrom, KD; Dean, R; Gerds, A; Hamilton, B; Hill, BT; Jagadeesh, D; Kalaycio, M; Liu, H; Majhail, NS; Pohlman, B; Rybicki, L; Sobecks, R, 2016)		0.76
"The traditional approach for model-based initial dosing is based on the use of a single vector of typical population parameters for targeting a specific exposure."( A Nonparametric Method to Optimize Initial Drug Dosing and Attainment of a Target Exposure Interval: Concepts and Application to Busulfan in Pediatrics.
Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Goutelle, S; Neely, M; Philippe, M, 2017)		0.66
" The aim of this study was to derive a novel once-daily intravenous (IV) busulfan dosing nomogram for pediatric patients undergoing HSCT using a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model."( Pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can greatly benefit from a novel once-daily intravenous busulfan dosing nomogram.
Choi, JY; Hong, CR; Hong, KT; Kang, HJ; Lee, H; Lee, JW; Park, KD; Rhee, SJ; Shin, HY; Song, SH; Yu, KS, 2017)		0.89
" TDM remains an important tool for the appropriate dosing of Bu in preparative regimens of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, especially in populations with genetic admixture."( Therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing of busulfan differs from weight-based dosing in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.
Al-Farsi, K; Al-Huneini, M; Al-Khabori, M; Al-Kindi, S; Al-Rawas, A; Al-Za'abi, M; Dennison, D; Salman, B; Tauro, M, 2017)		0.71
"Owing to its narrow therapeutic range and high pharmacokinetic variability, optimal dosing for busulfan is important to minimise overexposure-related systemic toxicity and underexposure-related graft failure."( Pharmacometabolomics for predicting variable busulfan exposure in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.
Ahn, HS; Cho, JY; Hong, KT; Jang, IJ; Kang, HJ; Kim, B; Lee, JW; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Yu, KS, 2017)		0.93
" Despite intravenous (IV) administration and dosing recommendations based on age and weight, reports have revealed interindividual variability in Bu pharmacokinetics and the outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation."( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Busulfan for the Management of Pediatric Patients: Cross-Validation of Methods and Long-Term Performance.
Ansari, M; Chalandon, Y; Choong, E; Daali, Y; Doffey-Lazeyras, F; Kuntzinger, M; Lo Piccolo, R; Marino, D; Peters, C; Uppugunduri, CRS, 2018)		0.77
" In our experience with pediatric patients, test dose PK failed to reliably predict daily dosing requirements with large discrepancies from predicted AUC targets."( Test Dose Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients Receiving Once-Daily IV Busulfan Conditioning for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Reliable Approach?
Brooks, KM; De Ravin, SS; Gall, JBL; George, JM; Hickstein, DD; Hughes, T; Jarosinski, P; Kang, E; Kumar, P; Shah, NN, 2018)		0.71
"Currently, there is an urgent need to establish the optimal dosing of TREO in conditioning prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, especially in children."( Clinical bioanalysis of treosulfan and its epoxides: The importance of collected blood processing for valid pharmacokinetic results.
Główka, F; Romański, M, 2018)		0.48
" Of note, the optimal dosing of the prodrug is still unresolved, especially in infants."( Treosulfan Pharmacokinetics and its Variability in Pediatric and Adult Patients Undergoing Conditioning Prior to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Current State of the Art, In-Depth Analysis, and Perspectives.
Główka, FK; Romański, M; Wachowiak, J, 2018)		0.48
" Intravenous Busulfan (Bu) combined with therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dosing has been increasingly used, with more predictable bioavailability and better outcomes comparing to oral Bu."( Pharmacokinetics-adapted Busulfan-based myeloablative conditioning before unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for myeloid malignancies in children.
Ansari, M; Benadiba, J; Bittencourt, H; Cellot, S; Duval, M; Krajinovic, M; Teira, P; Vachon, MF, 2018)		1.15
" Using this model, the plasma concentrations for once-daily dosing were simulated to adapt new dosage regimens for the benefit and convenience of both patients and medical staff."( Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Busulfan in Japanese Pediatric and Adult HCT Patients.
Funaki, T; Kawazoe, A; Kim, S, 2018)		0.75
" Conditioning with treosulfan alone at nonmyeloablative dosing (3."( Bone Marrow Transplantation after Nonmyeloablative Treosulfan Conditioning Is Curative in a Murine Model of Sickle Cell Disease.
Devadasan, D; Goldman, FD; Pawlik, KM; Sun, CW; Townes, TM; Westin, ER; Wu, LC, 2018)		0.48
"Weight-based dosing of intravenous busulfan is widely used in hematopoietic cell transplantation."( Pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes when ideal body weight is used to dose busulfan in obese hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
Griffin, SP; Hsu, JW; Murthy, HS; Richards, AI; Wheeler, SE; Wiggins, LE, 2019)		1.02
" We used an intensive daily pharmacokinetic monitoring method for busulfan dosing in children for effective myeloablation and to reduce toxicity."( Favorable Outcome of Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation with Targeted Busulfan-Based Myeloablative Conditioning Using Intensive Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in Pediatric Patients.
Cheon, JE; Choi, JY; Hong, CR; Hong, KT; Jang, IJ; Kang, HJ; Park, JD; Park, KD; Shin, HY; Song, SH; Yu, KS, 2018)		0.92
" These findings may have important implications for busulfan dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring practice in HSCT children."( Maximal concentration of intravenous busulfan as a determinant of veno-occlusive disease: a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis in 293 hematopoietic stem cell transplanted children.
Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Goutelle, S; Neely, M; Philippe, M; Rushing, T, 2019)		1.04
"Targeted busulfan dosing helps limit chemotherapy-related toxicity and optimize disease outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT)."( Evaluation of a Test Dose Strategy for Pharmacokinetically-Guided Busulfan Dosing for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Alexander, MD; Armistead, PM; Chung, Y; Coghill, JM; Davis, JM; Ivanova, A; Jamieson, KJ; Ptachcinski, JR; Rao, KV; Riches, ML; Serody, JS; Sharf, AA; Shaw, JR; Shea, TC; Vincent, BG; Wood, WA, 2019)		1.17
" The RIC and MAC regimens were dosed at the average daily area under the concentration-vs-time curve (AUC) of 4000 µMol min and 5000-6000 µMol min, or total course AUC of 16,000 µMol min and 20,000-24,000 µMol min, respectively; PK-guided dosing removes overlap in systemic Bu exposure."( Reduced intensity vs. myeloablative conditioning with fludarabine and PK-guided busulfan in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with AML/MDS.
Alatrash, G; Andersson, BS; Champlin, RE; Chen, J; Crain, AK; Di Stasi, A; Jones, RB; Kidwell, KM; Popat, U; Shpall, EJ; Thall, PF; Zope, M, 2019)		0.74
"Imprecise blood collections or cross-contamination of samples may lead to inaccurate drug concentration results and, subsequently, undesired low or high drug dosage calculations."( Pharmacokinetics: Unique Challenges in Blood Monitoring for Oncology Nurses.
Andersson, BS; Gulbis, AM; Kalariya, N; Kawedia, JD; Myers, AL, 2019)		0.51
"Busulfan is used in myeloablative schemes for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with monitoring of dosage through the area under the curve (AUC) of the drug plasma concentration (µMol min)."( Pharmacokinetics analysis results are similar for oral compared to intravenous busulfan in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, except for the earlier onset of mucositis. A controlled clinical study.
de Lima, M; Esteves, I; Fernandes, JF; Hamerschlak, N; Kerbauy, FR; Oliveira, JSR; S Andersson, B; Santos, FPS; Seber, A, 2019)		2.18
" A model-based dosing table is presented to target an exposure of 1650 mg*h/L (population median) for different weight and age groups."( Population pharmacokinetics of treosulfan in paediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Bertaina, A; Guchelaar, HJ; Lankester, AC; Locatelli, F; Moes, DJAR; van der Stoep, MYEC; Zwaveling, J, 2019)		0.51
"It is well known that pharmacokinetics (PK)-guided busulfan (BU) dosing increases engraftment rates and lowers hepatotoxicity in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)."( Busulfan Pharmacokinetics and Precision Dosing: Are Patients with Fanconi Anemia Different?
Boulad, F; Davies, SM; Emoto, C; Fukuda, T; Fuller, K; Mehta, PA; Seyboth, B; Teusink-Cross, A; Vinks, AA; Wilhelm, J, 2019)		2.21
" We identified busulfan dosing frequency during allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) conditioning as a potential target for optimization."( Costs and Outcomes with Once-Daily versus Every-6-Hour Intravenous Busulfan in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
Bassett, B; Jenkins, P; Kim, T; Rezvani, AR; Singhal, S; Tierney, DK, 2020)		1.15
" At our institution, Bu was previously administered with fixed weight-based dosing (WBD) in combination with cyclophosphamide (Cy) and etoposide (E) for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)."( Therapeutic Dose Monitoring of Busulfan Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Relapse in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.
Bolwell, B; Copelan, EA; Dean, RM; Gerds, AT; Hamilton, BK; Hill, BT; Jagadeesh, D; Kalaycio, ME; Lucena, M; Majhail, NS; Pohlman, B; Rybicki, LA; Sobecks, RM; Urban, TA, 2020)		0.84
" The main objectives were: (i) to establish a mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model for the treatment and engraftment effects on neutrophil counts comparing busulfan and treosulfan-based conditioning, and (ii) to explore current dosing schedules with respect to time to HSCT."( Modelling of neutrophil dynamics in children receiving busulfan or treosulfan for haematopoietic stem cell transplant conditioning.
Chiesa, R; Doncheva, B; Prunty, H; Solans, BP; Standing, JF; Trocóniz, IF; Veys, P, 2020)		1
" However, TDM-based dosing may be challenging if intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability (also denoted inter-occasion variability [IOV]) occurs during therapy."( Intra-individual Pharmacokinetic Variability of Intravenous Busulfan in Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Transplanted Children.
Bertrand, Y; Bleyzac, N; Ducher, M; Goutelle, S; Guitton, J; Leclerc, V; Marsit, H; Neely, M; Philippe, M; Rushing, T, 2020)		0.8
" DMSPE coupling with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was implemented for the determination of busulfan dosage in plasma samples."( Dispersive micro solid phase extraction of busulfan from plasma samples using novel mesoporous sorbent prior to determination by HPLC-MS/MS.
Ghaffary, S; Hamidi, S; Jahed, FS; Nejati, B, 2020)		1.03
" Appropriate dosing of busulfan during the preparative phase is critical for a successful allograft; if blood concentrations get too high significant liver toxicity can occur, if blood concentrations are too low, then graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can develop."( Analysis of Busulfan in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Breaud, AR; Clarke, W; Pablo, A, 2020)		1.25
" One patient experienced renal dysfunction during the first HDCT, which was alleviated by sufficient hydration and diuretics and resulted in the reduction of melphalan dosage for the second HDCT."( Tandem high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue for stage M high-risk neuroblastoma: Experience using melphalan/etoposide/carboplatin and busulfan/melphalan regimens.
Arakawa, Y; Hiwatari, M; Hogetsu, K; Kato, S; Koh, K; Kubota, Y; Takita, J; Watanabe, K, 2020)		0.76
" In 3 successive clinical trials, which included either γ-retroviral (γ-RV) or lentiviral (LV) vectors, subjects were conditioned with BU using different dosing nomograms."( Busulfan Pharmacokinetics in Adenosine Deaminase-Deficient Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Gene Therapy.
Ansari, M; Bradford, KL; Candotti, F; Garabedian, E; Gaspar, HB; Kohn, DB; Krajinovic, M; Liu, S; Shaw, KL; Tse, J; Wang, X, 2020)		2
" A new dosing nomogram was evaluated to better fit the population pharmacokinetic model."( New dosing nomogram and population pharmacokinetic model for young and very young children receiving busulfan for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning.
Bondu, S; Bourget, P; Broutin, S; Dalle, JH; De Berranger, E; Devictor, B; Dufour, C; Faivre, L; Galambrun, C; Gandemer, V; Jubert, C; Kemmel, V; Mir, O; Moshous, D; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Petain, A; Poinsignon, V; Vannier, JP; Vassal, G, 2020)		0.77
" Median Bu area under the curve (AUC) was 1179 µmol/L × min compared to 1025 with the EMA dosing nomogram for children <9 kg."( New dosing nomogram and population pharmacokinetic model for young and very young children receiving busulfan for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning.
Bondu, S; Bourget, P; Broutin, S; Dalle, JH; De Berranger, E; Devictor, B; Dufour, C; Faivre, L; Galambrun, C; Gandemer, V; Jubert, C; Kemmel, V; Mir, O; Moshous, D; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Petain, A; Poinsignon, V; Vannier, JP; Vassal, G, 2020)		0.77
"This new model made it possible to propose a novel dosing nomogram that better considered children below 16 kg of BW and allowed better initial exposure as compared to existing dosing schedules."( New dosing nomogram and population pharmacokinetic model for young and very young children receiving busulfan for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning.
Bondu, S; Bourget, P; Broutin, S; Dalle, JH; De Berranger, E; Devictor, B; Dufour, C; Faivre, L; Galambrun, C; Gandemer, V; Jubert, C; Kemmel, V; Mir, O; Moshous, D; Neven, B; Nguyen, L; Paci, A; Petain, A; Poinsignon, V; Vannier, JP; Vassal, G, 2020)		0.77
" The combination of model-based dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of busulfan pharmacokinetics (PK) to a lower exposure target has the potential to reduce the regimen-related toxicity while opening marrow niches sufficient for engraftment in diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I)."( Lower Exposure to Busulfan Allows for Stable Engraftment of Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Children with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I: A Case Report of Four Patients.
Dvorak, CC; Kharbanda, S; Long-Boyle, J; Shukla, P, 2020)		1.12
" Prophylactic T cell depletion via antithymocyte globulin (ATG) during ASCT conditioning is one of the standards of care for GVHD prophylaxis, although the optimal dosing strategy is still unclear."( Antithymocyte globulin administration in patients with profound lymphopenia receiving a PBSC purine analog/busulfan-based conditioning regimen allograft.
Bene, MC; Blin, N; Chevallier, P; Debord, C; Dubruille, V; Duquesne, A; Eveillard, M; Garnier, A; Gastinne, T; Guillaume, T; Jullien, M; Le Bourgeois, A; Le Bris, Y; Le Gouill, S; Mahe, B; Moreau, P; Peterlin, P; Tessoulin, B; Touzeau, C; Wuilleme, S, 2020)		0.77
"Controlled studies are needed to confirm the clinical outcome value of twice-daily vs once-daily aspirin dosing and the therapeutic role of pegylated interferons and direct oral anticoagulants."( Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management.
Barbui, T; Tefferi, A, 2020)		0.56
" Patient weight, age, glutathione-S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) genotype and busulfan dosing day/time were the most commonly identified factors affecting CL."( Review of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Busulfan in Paediatric Patients.
Fraser, CJ; Hennig, S; Lawson, R; Staatz, CE, 2021)		1.09
"Outcomes were compared in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome who received either myeloablative, fractionated busulfan (f-Bu) dosed to achieve an area under the curve of 20,000 μmol per minute (f-Bu20K) over 2 weeks (n = 84) or a standard, nonfractionated, lower busulfan dose regimen of 16,000 μmol per minute (Bu16K) over 4 days (n = 78)."( Fractionated busulfan myeloablative conditioning improves survival in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.
Alousi, AM; Andersson, BS; Bashir, Q; Champlin, RE; Chen, J; Ciurea, SO; Hosing, C; Kebriaei, P; Marin, D; Mehta, RS; Olson, AL; Oran, B; Popat, UR; Rezvani, K; Saliba, RM; Shpall, EJ; Valdez, BC, 2021)		1.19
" Here, in collaboration with the Dutch Association for Quality Assessment in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology, a novel interlaboratory proficiency program for the quantitation in plasma, pharmacokinetic modeling, and dosing of busulfan was designed."( Quality Control of Busulfan Plasma Quantitation, Modeling, and Dosing: An Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing Program.
Dupuis, LL; Franssen, EJF; Huitema, ADR; Kweekel, DM; McCune, JS; Punt, AM; Ritchie, JC; van Maarseveen, E; Yeh, RF, 2021)		1.13
"To assess the ability of model-based personalised dosing tools to estimate busulfan exposure (i) in comparison to clinically used intensive sampling exposure estimation procedure, (ii) using limited sampling strategies and (iii) to predict changes in busulfan clearance during busulfan treatment."( Evaluation of two software using Bayesian methods for monitoring exposure and dosing once-daily intravenous busulfan in paediatric patients receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Fraser, CJ; Hennig, S; Lawson, R; Paterson, L, 2021)		1.06
"Data on intravenous busulfan dosing for patients with 4 consecutive days were entered into Bayesian forecasting software, InsightRX and NextDose."( Evaluation of two software using Bayesian methods for monitoring exposure and dosing once-daily intravenous busulfan in paediatric patients receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Fraser, CJ; Hennig, S; Lawson, R; Paterson, L, 2021)		1.16
" Reduction of busulfan clearance from day 1 to 4 of once daily dosing was confirmed and should be considered when adjusting doses."( Evaluation of two software using Bayesian methods for monitoring exposure and dosing once-daily intravenous busulfan in paediatric patients receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Fraser, CJ; Hennig, S; Lawson, R; Paterson, L, 2021)		1.19
" The mice were treated with busulfan and cyclophosphamide combined chemotherapy, and the appropriate dosage was determined by evaluating the myeloablative effect and drug toxicity."( Proliferation kinetics of immune cells during early phase of bone marrow transplantation in mouse model based on chemotherapy conditioning.
Chen, C; DA, Z; Fu, B; Li, X; Lu, Y; Zhou, J, 2021)		0.92
" The use of PK-guided Bu dosing leads to improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with fixed-dose administration in a variety of hematologic diseases."( Feasibility and Efficacy of a Pharmacokinetics-Guided Busulfan Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide as Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancie
Bartoli, A; Bramanti, S; Castagna, L; De Gregori, S; De Philippis, C; Giordano, L; Mannina, D; Mariotti, J; Pieri, G; Roperti, M; Sarina, B; Valli, V, 2021)		0.87
"25), if concomitantly administered drugs are dosed either 2 hours before or 8 hours after the 2-hour intravenous infusion of treosulfan."( Evaluation of the drug-drug interaction potential of treosulfan using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling approach.
Balazki, P; Baumgart, J; Beelen, DW; Böhm, S; Hemmelmann, C; Hilger, RA; Martins, FS; Ring, A; Schaller, S, 2022)		0.72
" The 1-compartment open linear popPK model, which was built by Su-jin Rhee et al (model H), incorporating the patient's body surface area, age, dosing day, and aspartate aminotransferase as significant covariates had preferable predictability than other popPK models."( Can Published Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Busulfan Be Used for Individualized Dosing in Chinese Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation? An External Evaluation.
Chen, S; Hu, J; Huang, H; Huang, W; Li, D; Lin, S; Liu, M; Ren, J; Wu, X; Yang, T, 2022)		0.97
" The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Bu after oral dosing between patients receiving phenytoin and those receiving levetiracetam prophylaxis."( Decreased Systemic Busulfan Exposure After Oral Dosing With Concomitant Levetiracetam Compared With Phenytoin.
Artul, T; Efrati, E; Henig, I; Kurnik, D; Lurie, Y; Nassar, L; Scherb, I; Yehudai-Ofir, D; Zuckerman, T, 2022)		1.05
" Body size-based dosing is used for most anticancer drugs used in infants."( Clinical pharmacology of cytotoxic drugs in neonates and infants: Providing evidence-based dosing guidance.
Barnett, S; Bérénos, IM; Carruthers, V; Huitema, ADR; Kong, J; Lalmohamed, A; Nijstad, AL; Parke, E; Tweddle, DA; Veal, GJ; Zwaan, CM, 2022)		0.72
" We then compared the probability of cAUC within the range of 80 to 100 mg · h/L by the developed dosing regimen versus conventional regimen."( Busulfan dose Recommendation in Inherited Metabolic Disorders: Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Gupta, AO; Illamola, SM; Jennissen, CA; Long, SE; Long-Boyle, JR; Lund, TC; Orchard, PJ; Takahashi, T, 2022)		2.16
" Therefore, this assay could be implemented as a valid alternative for LC methods in clinical laboratories on different open-channel clinical chemistry analyzers, resulting in shorter turn-around times for reporting busulfan TDM results with subsequent faster dosage adjustments."( Automation in Busulfan Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Evaluation of an Immunoassay on two Routine Chemistry Analyzers.
Oyaert, M; Stove, V; Verougstraete, N; Verstraete, AG, 2022)		1.27
" Loboob at a dosage of 140mg/kg improved sperm viability."( Preserving effect of Loboob (a traditional multi-herbal formulation) on sperm parameters of male rats with busulfan-induced subfertility.
Badr, P; Bahmanpour, S; Dabbaghmanesh, MH; Jahromi, BN; Keshavarz, M; Koohpeyma, F; Najib, FS; Namazi, N; Noori, A; Poordast, T; Zare, N, 2022)		0.93
" In conclusion, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and individualization of Bu dosage are essential to improve the efficacy and safety of busulfan-based regimen in Chinese pediatric HSCT recipients."( Clinical outcomes of individualized busulfan-dosing in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Chinese children undergoing with therapeutic drug monitoring.
Cao, J; Feng, SQ; Hu, MZ; Hu, T; Li, JH; Li, JJ; Liu, R; Shao, DF; Shi, XD; Song, ZL; Tang, RH; Wang, XY; Xuan, LT; Yue, M; Zhai, MN; Zhang, HF; Zhang, L; Zhang, ZX; Zhong, DX, 2022)		1.2
" Getting more insight into the association between busulfan exposure and the development of VOD/SOS enables further optimization of dosing and treatment strategies."( Association Between the Magnitude of Intravenous Busulfan Exposure and Development of Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease in Children and Young Adults Undergoing Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
Ansari, M; Bartelink, IH; Bittencourt, H; Boelens, JJ; Bognàr, T; Bredius, RGM; Chiesa, R; Cowan, MJ; Cuvelier, GDE; Dvorak, C; Egberts, TCG; Güngör, T; Hassan, M; Hempel, G; Kletzel, M; Krajinovic, M; Lalmohamed, A; Long-Boyle, JR; Lund, T; Marktel, S; Nath, CE; Orchard, PJ; Rademaker, CMA; Savic, RM; Shaw, PJ; Slatter, MA; Théoret, Y; Versluys, AB; Wynn, RF, 2022)		1.23
" According to our single feature recommendation, following the busulfan dosage was the most effective for preventing VOD/SOS."( Prediction and recommendation by machine learning through repetitive internal validation for hepatic veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and early death after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Cho, BS; Cho, SG; Eom, KS; Hwang, HJ; Jung, J; Kim, HJ; Kim, YJ; Lee, E; Lee, JW; Lee, S; Lee, SE; Min, CK; Min, GJ; Park, MS; Park, S; Park, SS; Yoon, JH, 2022)		0.96
" The efficacy and safety of both dosing strategies were compared using a systematic review and meta-analysis."( Fixed-dose administration and pharmacokinetically guided adjustment of busulfan dose for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis.
Chen, C; Chen, T; Guo, J; He, X; Liu, M; Zheng, B, 2022)		0.95
" In 2019, we changed Bu dosing from 4×/day (Bu-4) to 1×/day (Bu-1) for ease of application."( Impact of busulfan pharmacokinetics on outcome in adult patients receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Battegay, R; Halter, J; Heim, D; Medinger, M; Passweg, JR; Rentsch, KM; Seydoux, C, 2022)		1.12
" Recipients with Bu(35 mg/kg)/Cy(100 mg/kg) therapy had brain injury, increased neuroinflammation, diminished neurogenesis and cognitive abnormalities, whereas animals given a lesser dosage had no such brain damages."( Effects of Chemotherapy on Neuroinflammation, Neuronal Damage, Neurogenesis, and Behavioral Performance in Bone Marrow Transplantation Recipient Mice.
Bu, XL; Fan, H; Liu, ZH; Tan, CR; Tu, YF; Wang, YJ; Xu, MY; Yu, ZY; Zeng, GH, 2022)		0.72
"This study aimed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of busulfan focusing on how busulfan clearance (CL) changes over time during once-daily administration and assess different methods for measuring busulfan exposure and the ability to achieve target cumulative exposure under different dosing adjustment scenarios in pediatric stem cell transplantation recipients."( Population pharmacokinetic model for once-daily intravenous busulfan in pediatric subjects describing time-associated clearance.
Fraser, CJ; Hennig, S; Lawson, R; Mitchell, R; O'Brien, T; Ramachandran, S; Staatz, CE; Teague, L, 2022)		1.2
"An extended release dosage form based on encapsulating the challenging drug busulfan within microspheres of the biodegradable, biocompatible and biosynthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) polyester was achieved."( Biosynthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) as biocompatible microcapsules with extended release for busulfan and montelukast.
Aboulsoud, M; Alamry, KA; Alenazi, E; Alsafadi, D; Hussein, MA; Ibrahim, MI; Safi, E, 2022)		1.16
" However, considering a wide variation in the effects of busulfan among animal species, its dosage and route of infusion need optimization to prepare effective and safe recipients."( Establishment of effective and safe recipient preparation for germ-cell transplantation with intra-testicular busulfan treatment in pre-pubertal Barbari goats.
Chauhan, MS; Kharche, SD; Pathak, M; Pawaiya, RVS; Quadri, SA; Singh, MK; Singh, SP; Soni, YK, 2022)		1.18
" Here, we compared post-transplant outcomes after individualized versus fixed busulfan dosage in intermediate-risk AML who achieved CR prior to allograft focusing on pre-transplant flow-MRD."( Individualized busulfan dosing improves outcomes compared to fixed-dose administration in pre-transplant minimal residual disease-positive acute myeloid leukemia patients with intermediate-risk undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation in CR.
Ayuk, F; Bacher, U; Badbaran, A; Dadkhah, A; Freiberger, P; Janson, D; Klyuchnikov, E; Kröger, N; Langebrake, C; Massoud, R; Wolschke, C, 2023)		1.49
" Model-informed dosing is recommended for patients under 2 years."( Evaluation of treosulfan cumulative exposure in paediatric patients through population pharmacokinetics and dosing simulations.
Chung, J; Fraser, C; Keogh, SJ; Kohli, S; Lee, S; McLachlan, AJ; Nath, CE; O'Brien, T; Rosser, SPA; Shaw, PJ, 2023)		0.91
" We evaluated two myeloablative conditioning dosing ranges of intravenous (IV) busulfan (Bu) in combination with fludarabine in 70 patients."( Evaluation of different pharmacokinetically guided IV busulfan exposure ranges on adult patient outcomes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Ahmad, S; Edgar, CM; Guo, M; Mcvey, CP; Mori, S; Patel, RD; Rivera-Robles, N; Varela, JC; Yi, F, 2023)		1.39
" More prospective clinical trials with a larger population are needed to validate the optimal dosing of LEV for BIS prophylaxis in patients undergoing HSCT."( Optimal regimen of levetiracetam for prevention of busulfan-induced seizure in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A review of available evidence.
Hadjibabaie, M; Honarmand, H; Kiumarsi, A; Rostami, T; Shahrami, B; Tavajohi, R, 2023)		1.16
"To ensure effective busulfan exposure in pediatrics, different weight-based nomograms have been established to determine busulfan dosage and provided improved results (65-80% of patients correctly exposed)."( Individualizing busulfan dose in specific populations and evaluating the risk of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions.
Combarel, D; Delahousse, J; Paci, A; Tran, J; Vassal, G, 2023)		1.58
" Study objective was to evaluate the effect of day 1 TDM-guided dosing (regimen d1) versus days 1 + 2 TDM-guided dosing (regimen d1 + 2) on attaining adequate busulfan exposure."( Busulfan target exposure attainment in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a single day versus a multiday therapeutic drug monitoring regimen.
Bartelink, IHI; Bognàr, TT; de Kanter, CTMK; Egberts, ACGT; Kingma, JSJ; Lalmohamed, AA; Lindemans, CAC; Smeijsters, EHE; van der Elst, KCMK, 2023)		2.55
"Although exposure-directed busulfan (BU) dosing can improve allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcomes, there is still large variability in BU exposure with test dose alone due to changes in BU clearance caused by drug interactions."( Effects of combined test dose and therapeutic drug monitoring strategy in exposure-directed busulfan.
Akasaka, T; Anzai, N; Arai, Y; Arima, N; Iemura, T; Ikeda, T; Imada, K; Ishikawa, T; Itoh, M; Kanda, J; Kitano, T; Kitawaki, T; Kondo, T; Maeda, T; Matsumoto, K; Moriguchi, T; Nohgawa, M; Takaori-Kondo, A; Takeoka, T; Ueda, A; Ueda, Y; Watanabe, M; Yago, K; Yamashita, K; Yonezawa, A, 2023)		1.43
" Our results indicate once-daily, intravenous busulfan PK in adult allo-HCT recipients receiving MAC dosing can be reasonably described by a popPK model, and the use of a sparse PK sampling strategy may be feasible for determining target exposure attainment following MAC dosing."( Utilization of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Improve a Busulfan Test-Dose Strategy in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients.
Armistead, PM; Crona, DJ; DeVane, SC; Dunlap, TC; Kardouh, M; Kemper, RM; Ptachcinski, JR; Shaw, JR; Symonds, A; Weiner, DL, 2023)		1.41
" Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) based on population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models has been implemented in the clinical settings."( Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Intravenous Busulfan in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Systematic Review and Comparative Simulations.
Al-Kofahi, M; Brown, SJ; Jaber, MM; Takahashi, T, 2023)		1.17
" As a result, dosing levels can vary significantly from patient to patient."( Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Quantification of Plasma Busulfan.
Clinton Frazee, C; Garg, U; Munar, A, 2024)		1.67
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

RoleDescription
alkylating agentHighly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
insect sterilantA chemosterilant intended to sterilize insects.
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
teratogenic agentA role played by a chemical compound in biological systems with adverse consequences in embryo developments, leading to birth defects, embryo death or altered development, growth retardation and functional defect.
carcinogenic agentA role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
methanesulfonate esterAn organosulfonic ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (29)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency89.12510.631035.7641100.0000AID504339
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.177814.390939.8107AID2147
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.012610.691788.5700AID887
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.84460.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1Plasmodium falciparum 3D7Potency39.81070.707912.194339.8107AID720542
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.001318.074339.8107AID926
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.49500.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.31640.001310.157742.8575AID1259253; AID1259256
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.54810.000214.376460.0339AID588532
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.73140.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.66220.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID1159531; AID588544
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.73140.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841; AID1259401
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11870.005428.02631,258.9301AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.00740.000229.305416,493.5996AID743079
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.55830.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085; AID743122
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.000619.739145.978464.9432AID1159509
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency21.75610.000323.4451159.6830AID743065
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.65619.452025.1189AID927
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency74.97800.000627.21521,122.0200AID651741
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.56230.004611.374133.4983AID624297
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency25.11890.020010.786931.6228AID912
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.79430.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.84891.584913.004325.1189AID927
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)422.66670.11007.190310.0000AID1443980; AID1449628; AID1473738
Matrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)5.21500.00000.705310.0000AID625178
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00002.41006.343310.0000AID1473739
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (108)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
skeletal system developmentMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysisMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantationMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
cell migrationMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassemblyMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage differentiationMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic processMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to reactive oxygen speciesMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
endodermal cell differentiationMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA bindingMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor signaling pathwayMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte migrationMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharideMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cadmium ionMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-AMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuroinflammatory responseMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor bindingMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-betaMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferationMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney developmentMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cation channel activityMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathwayMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organizationMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil mediated immunityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
germinal center formationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
membrane protein ectodomain proteolysisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Notch receptor processingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell chemotaxisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
protein processingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
signal releaseDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growthDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine productionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mast cell apoptotic processDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein catabolic processDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
spleen developmentDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell motilityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to Gram-positive bacteriumDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulusDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
commissural neuron axon guidanceDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycleDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferationDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathwayDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (41)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activityMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activityMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activityMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
collagen bindingMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activityMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activityMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Notch bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-6 receptor bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activityDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
SH3 domain bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic processDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (30)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrixMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule lumenMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumenMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceMatrix metalloproteinase-9Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junctionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeletonDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneDisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (176)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID444054Oral bioavailability in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID540210Clearance in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID444058Volume of distribution at steady state in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID396072Induction of apoptosis in imatinib mesylate-resistant human K562 cells after 48 hrs2008European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 43, Issue:11
Synthesis and induction of G0-G1 phase arrest with apoptosis of 3,5-dimethyl-6-phenyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-f][1,2,3,5]tetrazepin-4(3H)-one.
AID588216FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID588214FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID588217FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1152955Antiproliferative activity against human SiMa cells at 10 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological effects of new hybrid compounds composed of benzylguanidines and the alkylating group of busulfan on neuroblastoma cells.
AID396071Induction of apoptosis in human K562 cells after 48 hrs2008European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 43, Issue:11
Synthesis and induction of G0-G1 phase arrest with apoptosis of 3,5-dimethyl-6-phenyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-f][1,2,3,5]tetrazepin-4(3H)-one.
AID1473739Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID588219FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID540213Half life in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID216591In vitro cytotoxicity causing 50% growth inhibition was determined against WiDr (human colon carcinoma) cell line2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-26, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel long chain busulphan analogues.
AID588215FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID678713Inhibition of human CYP2C9 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1636356Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2C9-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1636357Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID123389Hematological effects in female CDF1 mice at the dose of 30 mg, in platelet cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 43, Issue:8
Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluations of CC-1065 analogues: effects of different linkers and terminal amides on biological activity.
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID540212Mean residence time in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1152954Antiproliferative activity against human Kelly cells at 10 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological effects of new hybrid compounds composed of benzylguanidines and the alkylating group of busulfan on neuroblastoma cells.
AID444056Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444055Fraction absorbed in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1649880Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells after 5 days by SRB assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
Design and Synthesis of a Trifunctional Molecular System "Programmed" to Block Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Induce High Levels of DNA Damage, and Inhibit the DNA Repair Enzyme (Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase) in Prostate Cancer Cells.
AID678714Inhibition of human CYP2C19 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 3-butyryl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID588218FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID215102In vitro cytotoxicity causing 50% growth inhibition was determined against 22B (human head and neck squamous) cell line2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-26, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel long chain busulphan analogues.
AID1449628Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in baculovirus transfected fall armyworm Sf21 cell membranes vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate transport into vesicles incubated for 5 mins by Topcount based rapid filtration method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12
Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification.
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1649878Growth inhibition of human 22Rv1 cells after 5 days by SRB assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
Design and Synthesis of a Trifunctional Molecular System "Programmed" to Block Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Induce High Levels of DNA Damage, and Inhibit the DNA Repair Enzyme (Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase) in Prostate Cancer Cells.
AID124034Hematological effects in female CDF1 mice at the dose of 30 mg, in white blood cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 43, Issue:8
Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluations of CC-1065 analogues: effects of different linkers and terminal amides on biological activity.
AID625276FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base Benchmark Dataset (LTKB-BD) drugs of most concern for DILI2011Drug discovery today, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16
FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
AID80664In vitro cytotoxicity causing 50% growth inhibition was determined against H322 (human non small cell lung cancer) cells2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-26, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel long chain busulphan analogues.
AID425652Total body clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID678712Inhibition of human CYP1A2 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using ethoxyresorufin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID409954Inhibition of mouse brain MAOA2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588209Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7
Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1152959Increase in glycolysis in human Kelly cells assessed as conversion of glucose to lactate at 100 uM after 12 hrs relative to untreated control2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological effects of new hybrid compounds composed of benzylguanidines and the alkylating group of busulfan on neuroblastoma cells.
AID1443980Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate transport preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-tauroch2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1152956Antiproliferative activity against human SK-N-SH cells at 10 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological effects of new hybrid compounds composed of benzylguanidines and the alkylating group of busulfan on neuroblastoma cells.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID9816In vitro cytotoxicity causing 50% growth inhibition was determined against A270 (human ovarian cancer)cell line2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-26, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel long chain busulphan analogues.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1152957Increase in glycolysis in human LS cells assessed as conversion of glucose to lactate at 100 uM after 12 hrs relative to untreated control2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological effects of new hybrid compounds composed of benzylguanidines and the alkylating group of busulfan on neuroblastoma cells.
AID444057Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1636440Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID444051Total clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID588210Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al2010Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12
A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID540211Fraction unbound in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID43174In vitro cytotoxicity causing 50% growth inhibition was determined against C26-10 (murine colon carcinoma) cell line2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-26, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel long chain busulphan analogues.
AID1152958Increase in glycolysis in human SiMa cells assessed as conversion of glucose to lactate at 100 uM after 12 hrs relative to untreated control2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological effects of new hybrid compounds composed of benzylguanidines and the alkylating group of busulfan on neuroblastoma cells.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID678715Inhibition of human CYP2D6 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 4-methylaminoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID678716Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using diethoxyfluorescein as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID444053Renal clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1152953Antiproliferative activity against human LS cells at 10 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological effects of new hybrid compounds composed of benzylguanidines and the alkylating group of busulfan on neuroblastoma cells.
AID311524Oral bioavailability in human2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24
Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
AID477295Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 45, Issue:4
QSPR modeling of octanol/water partition coefficient of antineoplastic agents by balance of correlations.
AID444052Hepatic clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID425653Renal clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID444050Fraction unbound in human plasma2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID100106In vitro cytotoxicity causing 50% growth inhibition was determined against LL (murine non small cell lung cancer) cell line2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-26, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel long chain busulphan analogues.
AID540209Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID678722Covalent binding affinity to human liver microsomes assessed per mg of protein at 10 uM after 60 mins presence of NADPH2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID119060Hematological effects in female CDF1 mice at the dose of 30mg, in red blood cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 43, Issue:8
Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluations of CC-1065 analogues: effects of different linkers and terminal amides on biological activity.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1649879Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells after 5 days by SRB assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-11, Volume: 63, Issue:11
Design and Synthesis of a Trifunctional Molecular System "Programmed" to Block Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Induce High Levels of DNA Damage, and Inhibit the DNA Repair Enzyme (Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase) in Prostate Cancer Cells.
AID115426Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 43, Issue:8
Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluations of CC-1065 analogues: effects of different linkers and terminal amides on biological activity.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID678717Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-benzyloxyquinoline as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID678718Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as high signal/noise ratio (S/N of >100) by measuring GSH adduct formation at 100 uM after 90 mins by HPLC-MS analysis2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1152948Cellular uptake in human SK-N-SH cells assessed as noradrenaline transporter-mediated uptake at 1 x 10'-4 M after 15 mins by [3H]-noradrenaline uptake assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological effects of new hybrid compounds composed of benzylguanidines and the alkylating group of busulfan on neuroblastoma cells.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1347128qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347126qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347118qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347116qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347127qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347113qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347109qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347123qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347125qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347111qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347119qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347112qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347122qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347115qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347114qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347124qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347117qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347121qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347110qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for A673 cells)2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347129qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (4,772)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901734 (36.34)18.7374
1990's688 (14.42)18.2507
2000's833 (17.46)29.6817
2010's1067 (22.36)24.3611
2020's450 (9.43)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 63.27

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index63.27 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.63 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.60 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index112.98 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (63.27)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials645 (12.99%)5.53%
Reviews303 (6.10%)6.00%
Case Studies488 (9.82%)4.05%
Observational18 (0.36%)0.25%
Other3,513 (70.73%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (534)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
CD34+Stem Cell Selection for Patients Receiving Partially Matched Family or Matched Unrelated Adult Donor Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantations for Malignant and Non-Malignant Disease [NCT01049854]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
Imatinib Mesylate, Busulfan, Fludarabine, Antithymocyte Globulin and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia [NCT00499889]Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Support issue.)
A Pilot Study of Intravenous, Targeted-Dose Busulfan Monotherapy as Conditioning for Autologous Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation in High-Risk AML [NCT00363467]3 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Low accrual)
Busulfan, Etoposide, Cytarabine and Melphalan (BuEAM) as a Conditioning for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLCBL) Previously Treated With Rituximab Based Regimen [NCT01063439]Phase 242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-01-31Recruiting
Tandem Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Primary Progressive or Poor Risk Recurrent Hodgkin's Disease [NCT00265889]Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-02-28Completed
A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of IV Busulfan, Melphalan, and Thiotepa (BuMelTT) Followed By Autologous PBSC Infusion for Patients With Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00238433]Phase 237 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-03-31Completed
A Phase I/II Pilot Study of Memory-like NK Cells to Consolidate TCRαβ T Cell Depleted Haploidentical Transplant in High-risk AML [NCT06158828]Phase 1/Phase 248 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-03-31Not yet recruiting
A Multi-Center, Phase II Trial of HLA-Mismatched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation With Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT04904588]Phase 2300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-09-30Recruiting
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Patients With Non-Malignant Disorders Using Treosulfan, Fludarabine, and Thiotepa [NCT03980769]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-05-05Recruiting
Phase II Study of Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for High-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) [NCT01027000]Phase 268 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
A Phase I Clinical Trial for the Treatment of ß-Thalassemia Major With Autologous CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Transduced With TNS9.3.55 a Lentiviral Vector Encoding the Normal Human ß-Globin Gene [NCT01639690]Phase 110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-07-31Active, not recruiting
Haplo-identical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Reduced-intensity Conditioning in Children With Neuroblastoma [NCT01156350]Phase 210 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-09-30Not yet recruiting
Busulfan, Etoposide, Cytarabine, and Melphalan (BuEAM) as a Conditioning for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With T Cell or NK Cell Lymphoma [NCT01178658]Phase 242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-07-31Recruiting
Dose-reduced Versus Standard Conditioning Followed by Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With MDS or sAML: A Randomised Phase III Study (RICMAC) [NCT01203228]Phase 3129 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Terminated
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Using Bone Marrow Or Peripheral Blood Stem Cells From Matched, Unrelated, Volunteer Donors [NCT00054327]Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-11-30Completed
A Phase I Dose Escalation Trial of WT1-specific Donor-derived T Cells Following T-Cell Depleted Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma [NCT01758328]Phase 129 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-12-31Active, not recruiting
High-dose Busulfan, High-dose Cyclophosphamide, and Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma [NCT01177371]Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional1988-03-31Completed
Related and Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for DOCK8 Deficiency [NCT01176006]Phase 290 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-10-05Recruiting
[NCT01338675]Phase 1/Phase 25 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-01-31Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Cryopreserved Formulation of Autologous CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transduced Ex Vivo With Elongation Factor 1 Alpha Shortened (EFS) Lentiviral Vector Encoding for Human ADA Gene in Subjects With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency [NCT02999984]Phase 1/Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-16Completed
Vorinostat With Gemcitabine/Clofarabine/Busulfan for Allogeneic Transplantation for Aggressive Lymphomas [NCT04220008]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Multi-Center, Phase III Study of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Comparing Regimen Intensity in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Acute Myeloid Leukemia (BMT CTN #0901) [NCT01339910]Phase 3272 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Accrual terminated as recommended by the data and safety monitoring board.)
Phase I/II Study Utilizing High Dose Busulfan and Melphalan With Escalating Carfilzomib as Conditioning in Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Multiple Myeloma [NCT03795597]Phase 1/Phase 236 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-22Recruiting
A Pilot Study of Myeloablative Allogeneic or Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation With High Dose PT-Cy in Relapsed/Refractory AML [NCT02057770]Phase 125 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Low accrual rate)
CD34+ Stem Cell Selection for Patients Receiving a Matched or Partially Matched Family or Unrelated Adult Donor Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for Malignant Disease [NCT02061800]Phase 1/Phase 215 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-06-03Recruiting
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Hematological Malignancies Using Multiple Unrelated Cord Blood Units [NCT00547196]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-16Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Phase II Study to Compare ATG or Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide to Calcineurin Inhibitor-Methotrexate as GVHD Prophylaxis After Myeloablative Unrelated Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03602898]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-06-01Withdrawn(stopped due to Insufficient funding)
Phase I Trial of Escalated Doses of Targeted Marrow Irradiation (TMI) Combined With Fludarabine and Busulfan as Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation [NCT02129582]Phase 114 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-05Completed
Modified TBF Regimen as Conditioning Regimen Prior to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoblastic Lymphoma：Phase II Study [NCT05598593]Phase 270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-10-23Recruiting
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis [NCT01087398]Phase 2/Phase 310 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-09-30Recruiting
A Phase I Open Label Study of IV Busulfan (Busulfex®) in Multiple Myeloma Patients 65 Years of Age or Older, or With Renal Insufficiency Undergoing Autologous Transplantation [NCT00934232]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Terminated(stopped due to PI left the institution)
Total Body Irradiation/ Fludarabine/ Busulfan/ Cyclophosphamide (TFBC) Combined With Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT) in the Treatment of High-risk Malignant Hematological Diseases [NCT05929092]40 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-01Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Intensity Modulated Total Marrow Irradiation (IM-TMI) in Addition to Fludarabine/Busulfan Conditioning for Allogeneic Transplantation in High Risk AML and Myelodysplastic Syndromes [NCT03121014]Phase 238 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-04-24Recruiting
Sequential High-Dose Melphalan and Busulfan/Cyclophosphamide Followed by Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Rescue, Interferon/Thalidomide and Pamidronate for Patients With Multiple Myeloma [NCT00004088]Phase 277 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-04-13Completed
Allogeneic Transplantation Using Venetoclax, Timed Sequential Busulfan,Cladribine, and Fludarabine Conditioning in Patients With AML and MDS [NCT02250937]Phase 2116 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-10-27Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Trial of CD34+ Enriched Transplants From HLA-Compatible Related or Unrelated Donors for Treatment of Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT04282174]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-09-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Study was split into two new studies before the first participant was enrolled.)
A Phase I Study to Examine the Toxicity of Allogeneneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed or Therapy Refractory Ewings [NCT02472392]Phase 110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
Ruxolitinib in Combination With High Dose Therapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelofibrosis [NCT02469974]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-31Withdrawn(stopped due to no enrollments)
Phase I/II Study Using Prophylactic Donor Lymphocyte Infusion Early Post-Transplant After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for High-Risk Hematologic Malignancies [NCT05327023]Phase 1/Phase 2430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-23Recruiting
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Treosulfan-Based Conditioning for the Treatment of Bone Marrow Failure Diseases [NCT04965597]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-19Recruiting
CBA Versus FBA Conditioning Followed by Allogeneic HSCT in Treatment of High Risk and Refractory AML [NCT03384212]Phase 3120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-08-01Recruiting
Busulfan+ Cyclophosphamide+ Etoposide vs Busulfan+ Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Regimen for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03229616]Phase 2/Phase 3122 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-07-05Recruiting
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Feasibility, Safety and Engraftment of Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) CCR5 Modified CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (SB-728mR-HSPC) in HIV-1 (R5) Infected Patients [NCT02500849]Phase 112 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-03-10Active, not recruiting
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome - A Phase II Pilot Study [NCT00004899]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-10-31Completed
Decitabine+ Fludarabine+Busulfan Conditioning Regimen for Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Complete Remission Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03530085]Phase 2/Phase 360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-06-15Recruiting
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Patients With Primary Immune Deficiencies [NCT01652092]30 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-09-04Recruiting
Single-Arm, Open Label, Interventional Phase II Clinical Trial Evaluating MGTA-456 in Patients With High-Risk Malignancy [NCT03674411]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-01-02Active, not recruiting
Pilot Study Using Myeloablative Busulfan/Melphalan (BuMel) Consolidation Following Induction Chemotherapy for Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Neuroblastoma [NCT01798004]Phase 1150 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-08Active, not recruiting
A COG Pilot Study of Intensive Induction Chemotherapy and 131I-MIBG Followed by Myeloablative Busulfan/Melphalan (Bu/Mel) for Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Neuroblastoma [NCT01175356]Phase 199 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-04Active, not recruiting
Treatment Plan for Hematologic Malignancies Using Intravenous Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide Instead of Total Boby Irradiation (TBI) and Cyclophosphamide to Examine Results, Success and Side Effects of Treatment With Chemotherapy Only, as a Preparative The [NCT01339988]Phase 410 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-06-30Not yet recruiting
Feasibility Study on Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Fludarabine-Busulfan-ALS-based Reduced-intensity Conditioning in Children With Hematological Malignancy or Solid Tumor Not Responding to Standard Therapy or for Which the In [NCT00750126]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-04-30Recruiting
A 5 Day Course of Fludarabine and Cytarabine Followed by Full Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (FA5-Bucy) in Treating Patients With High-risk, Recurrent or Refractory Acute Leukemia and Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome [NCT02328950]50 participants (Anticipated)Observational2014-12-31Recruiting
Chidamide Combined With Cladribine/Gemcitabine/Busulfan (ChiCGB) With Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in High-risk Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT03602131]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-01-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Trial of Low Versus Moderate Exposure Busulfan for Infants With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Receiving TCRαβ+/CD19+ Depleted Transplantation: A Phase II Study by the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) and Pediat [NCT03619551]Phase 264 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-10-22Recruiting
Randomized Study Comparing i.v. Busulfan (Busilvex®) Plus Fludarabine (BuFlu) Versus Busilvex® Plus Cyclophosphamide (BuCy2) as Conditioning Regimens Prior AlloHSCT in Patients (Age >= 40 and =<65 Years) With AML in Complete Remission. [NCT01191957]Phase 3252 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC) Regimen for Patients With Non-malignant Disorders [NCT01050855]Phase 275 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-01-31Recruiting
A Randomized Placebo-controlled Phase II Trial of Irradiated, Adenovirus Vector Transferred GM-CSF Secreting Autologous Leukemia Cell Vaccination (GVAX) Versus Placebo Vaccination in Patients With Advanced MDS/AML After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell [NCT01773395]Phase 2123 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-08Terminated(stopped due to Recommendation by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board due to efficacy concerns)
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Infant Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome [NCT00357565]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-11-30Recruiting
Carfilzomib/SAHA Combined With High-Dose Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan With Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Patients With Refractory/Relapsed Myeloma [NCT02114502]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Withdrawn
Efficacy and Safety of a Cryopreserved Formulation of Autologous CD34+ Haematopoietic Stem Cells Transduced ex Vivo With Elongation Factor 1α Short Form (EFS) Lentiviral Vector Encoding for Human ADA Gene in Subjects With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency [NCT03765632]Phase 1/Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-03Completed
High-dose Post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide as Graft Versus-host Disease Prophylaxis After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT02294552]Phase 2200 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-31Completed
Outcomes of Patients After Allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation With Decitabine-containing Conditioning Regimen and Acetylcysteine Treatment [NCT04945096]Phase 3100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-07-01Not yet recruiting
Multi-Institutional Prospective Pilot Study of Lupron to Enhance Lymphocyte Immune Reconstitution Following Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Post-Pubertal Children and Adults With Molecular Imaging Evaluation [NCT01338987]Phase 276 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-19Completed
A Phase 1/2 Trial of Uproleselan Combined With High Dose Busulfan Pre-Transplant Conditioning in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Chemotherapy Resistant Acute Myeloid Leukemia [NCT05569512]Phase 1/Phase 228 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-10-06Recruiting
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation to Correct the Biochemical Defect and Create Tolerance to Donor Tissue in Subjects With Epidermolysis Bullosa [NCT00478244]7 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Terminated(stopped due to Competing studies)
Phase II Study of High-Dose Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [NCT00004896]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-10-31Completed
UARK 2003-25: A Phase I/II Open Label Study of IV Busulfan (Busulfex®) in Multiple Myeloma Patients Older Than 65 Years of Age or With Renal Insufficiency [NCT00113919]Phase 1/Phase 214 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Due to poor accrual)
Busulfan Plus Clofarabine Followed by Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Lymphoma, or Biphenotypic Leukemia [NCT00990249]Phase 2120 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
A Phase II Trial for Patients With Inflammatory (Stage IIIB) and Responsive Metastatic Stage IV Breast Cancer Using Busulfan, Melphalan and Thiotepa Followed by Autologous or Syngeneic PBSC Rescue and 12 Weeks of Post-Engraftment Immunotherapy With Low-Do [NCT00003199]Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-11-30Completed
Multiple-center Randomized Study to Compare Fludarabine and Busulfan Versus Fludarabine, Busulfan and Melphalan in Adult Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplasia Syndrome (MDS) [NCT05991908]Phase 3222 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-19Recruiting
Matched Unrelated Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With a Conditioning Regimen of Targeted Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, and Thymoglobulin [NCT00611351]Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-07Completed
Fludarabine/Clofarabine/Busulfan Combined With SAHA in Patients Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Leukemia [NCT02083250]Phase 170 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-06Completed
A Phase 1 Study of Adding Venetoclax to a Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen and to Maintenance in Combination With a Hypomethylating Agent After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Patients With High Risk AML, MDS, and MDS/MPN Overlap S [NCT03613532]Phase 178 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-10-24Recruiting
A Multi-Center, Phase 3, Randomized Trial of Matched Unrelated Donor (MUD) Versus HLA-Haploidentical Related (Haplo) Myeloablative Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults (AYA) With Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplastic [NCT05457556]Phase 3435 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-15Recruiting
Itacitinib to Prevent Graft Versus Host Disease [NCT04859946]Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-11Recruiting
A Phase 1/2, Open-Label, Multicenter, Single-Arm Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of BIVV003 for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Severe Sickle Cell Disease [NCT03653247]Phase 1/Phase 28 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-03-06Active, not recruiting
Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia With Busulfan and Etoposide Followed by Autologous or Syngeneic Stem Cell Rescue and Low-Dose Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Immunotherapy [NCT00003875]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-10-13Completed
A Phase 3 Study of 131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) or ALK Inhibitor Therapy Added to Intensive Therapy for Children With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Neuroblastoma (NBL) [NCT03126916]Phase 3724 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-05-14Active, not recruiting
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant for Congenital Pediatric Disorders [NCT00950846]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
A Randomized Study of Once Daily Fludarabine-Clofarabine Versus Fludarabine Alone Combined With Intervenous Busulfan Followed by Allogeneic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) [NCT01471444]Phase 3256 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-02Completed
Randomized Phase II Multi-center Trial of Busulfan, Etoposide, and Cyclophosphamide Versus Busulfan, Etoposide, and Melphalan as Conditioning Therapy for Autologous Stem-cell Transplantation(ASCT) in Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT03794167]Phase 275 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-01Completed
Sequential and Personalized Pharmacokinetic-guided Busulfan Administration in the Frame of the Conditiong Regimen for Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Malignant Hemopathies Ineligible for the Standard Myeloablative Cond [NCT04451200]Phase 282 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-30Not yet recruiting
JAK Inhibitor Prior to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for Patients With Primary and Secondary Myelofibrosis: A Prospective Study [NCT02251821]Phase 299 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-20Active, not recruiting
Melphalan vs Busulfan+ Cyclophosphamide+ Etoposide Conditioning Regimen for Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03385096]Phase 2/Phase 3122 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-01-02Recruiting
Busulfan, Etoposide, Cytarabine, and Melphalan (BuEAM) as a Conditioning for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With B Cell Lymphoma Except for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma [NCT01178645]Phase 242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-07-31Recruiting
Busulfan+ Cyclophosphamide+ Etoposide Conditioning Regimen for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03733327]Phase 2/Phase 320 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-11-30Recruiting
Clinical Research of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Children With Stage 4/M Neuroblastoma: A Prospective, Single-arm, Phase II, Multi-center Trial [NCT05303727]Phase 264 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-31Not yet recruiting
Addition of Gemcitabine to the Standard Reduced Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide (BUCY2) Pre Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Conditioning for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT03339700]Phase 215 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-09-15Recruiting
Open-labelled, Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial of Intravenous Busulfan, Melphalan and Etoposide as Conditioning for Autologous Transplantation in Patients With Poor-risk, Refractory or Relapsed Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT03792815]Phase 251 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
Phase II, Open-Label, Prospective Study of T Cell Receptor Alpha/Beta Depletion (A/B TCD) Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Transplantation for Children and Adults With Hematological Malignancies [NCT05735717]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-05-11Recruiting
A Phase 2a Study of Once Daily Intravenous Busulfan With Bortezomib, Followed by an Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) in Subjects With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma After Prior Autologous HSCT [NCT01009840]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
Allograft of Hematopoietic Stem Cells With Reduced-intensity Conditioning From a HLA-haploidentical Family Donor: Phase II Study of Combined Immunosuppression Before and After Transplantation [NCT00740467]Phase 250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-01-31Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Sirolimus, Tacrolimus and Thymoglobulin®, as Graft-versus-Host- Disease Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation [NCT00691015]Phase 248 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Hematological Cancers and Myelodysplastic Syndromes in HIV-Infected Individuals (BMT CTN #0903) [NCT01410344]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
A Study of Outcomes and Toxicity of Busulfex as Part of a High Dose Chemotherapy Preparative Regimen in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Plasma Cell Myeloma [NCT00941720]Phase 271 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-11Completed
Phase II Study of Allogeneic Transplant of Hematopoietic Stem Cells From a Compatible Family Donor in the Treatment of Patients Over 55 Years With Hematological Malignancies [NCT00806767]Phase 282 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Older Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [NCT00623935]Phase 256 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
Reduced Intensity Stem Cell Transplantation (RIST) for Patients With Hematological Malignancies Conditioned With Fludarabine and Busulfan [NCT00619645]Phase 28 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
Phase II Trial of Clofarabine With Parenteral Busulfan (Busulfex®) Followed by Allogeneic Related or Unrelated Donor Transplantation for the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies and Diseases [NCT00852163]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen for Low- and Intermediate-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients Receiving Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03412266]Phase 250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-02-01Recruiting
A Multicenter Pilot Study of Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With In-vivo T-cell Depletion to Evaluate the Role of NK Cells and KIR Mis-matches in Relapsed or Refractory High-risk Neuroblastoma. [NCT00874315]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Withdrawn(stopped due to lack of accrual)
A Trial of Busulfan, Melphalan, Fludarabine and T-Cell Depleted Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Followed by Post Transplantation Donor Lymphocyte Infusions for Patients With Relapsed or High-Risk Multiple Myeloma [NCT01131169]Phase 266 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in High Risk Patients With Fanconi Anemia MT2002-02 [NCT00258427]Phase 214 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-03-26Completed
Phase II Study of Multimodality Therapy in Mantle Cell Lymphoma [NCT00004231]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-10-31Completed
Autologous Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Who Have Had Prior Radiation Therapy [NCT00004171]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-10-31Completed
Phase II Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Allogeneic Transplant Conditioning With Adaptive Dose Busulfan Intravenous (Busilvex®) in Patients at High Risk of Carrying Blood Diseases [NCT02483325]Phase 233 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
A Phase II Pediatric Study of a Graft-VS.-Host Disease (GVHD) Prophylaxis Regimen With no Calcineurin Inhibitors After Day +60 Post First Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Hematological Malignancies [NCT05579769]Phase 232 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-04Recruiting
CBA Versus FBA Conditioning Followed by Haploidentical Allogeneic HSCT in Treatment of High Risk and Refractory AML [NCT03384225]Phase 3120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-08-01Recruiting
A Pilot Study of Immunotherapy Including Haploidentical NK Cell Infusion Following CD133+ Positively-Selected Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Children With High Risk Solid Tumors or Lymphomas [NCT02130869]Phase 18 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-10Completed
Combined Transplantation of Unmanipulated Haploidentical and a SingleCord Blood Unit for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01359254]Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-04-30Terminated(stopped due to did not accrue enough patients.)
Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Thalassemia Major [NCT03171831]Phase 430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-04-01Recruiting
A Pilot Trial Examining Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Checkpoint Immune Regulators' Expression in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Using Myeloablative Busulfan and Fludarabine [NCT02916979]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-06Completed
A Phase I/II Open-Label Study of ECT-001-Expanded Cord Blood Transplantation in Pediatric and Young Adult (<21year) Patients With High-Risk and Very High-Risk Myeloid Malignancies [NCT04990323]Phase 1/Phase 212 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-01Recruiting
A Randomized Study of Once Daily IV Busulfan With Fludarabine With Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) [NCT00469144]Phase 3233 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
To Evaluate Different Conditioning Regimens for HLA Matched Donor Transplantation in Severe Aplastic Anemia: a Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Study [NCT06069180]Phase 4160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-15Recruiting
Phase I/II Study Using Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Granulomatous Disease With an Alemtuzumab, Busulfan and TBI-based Conditioning Regimen Combined With Cytokine (IL-6, +/- IFN-gamma) Antagonists [NCT05463133]Phase 1/Phase 250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-08Recruiting
A Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing GVHD-Reduction Strategies for Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Transplantation (PBSCT) for Patients With Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Selective Depletion of CD45RA+ Naïve T Cells (TND) vs. Post-Tr [NCT03970096]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-11-19Recruiting
Haploidentical Transplant for Patients With Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) Using Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide [NCT02282904]Phase 1/Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-23Terminated
Phase 3, Open Label, Multi-centre, Randomised Controlled International Study in Ewing Sarcoma [NCT00987636]Phase 3907 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-01Completed
Collection of Plasma Samples Using Sodium Heparin From Subjects Undergoing Intravenous Busulfan Treatment [NCT05711732]150 participants (Anticipated)Observational2023-05-15Not yet recruiting
Ensayo Fase II de Trasplante autólogo de Sangre periférica en Pacientes Con Mieloma múltiple Tras Acondicionamiento Con Busulfan Intravenoso y Melfalan [NCT00804947]Phase 250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-09-30Recruiting
A Phase I-II Study of Busulfan-fludarabine Conditioning and T-cell Depleted Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Advanced Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00943319]Phase 1/Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
A Phase III Trial in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Daunorubicin Dose-Intensification Prior to Risk-Allocated Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00049517]Phase 3657 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-12-19Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using α/β+ T-lymphocyte Depleted Grafts From HLA Mismatched Donors [NCT03615105]Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-07-25Active, not recruiting
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymoblastic Leukemia FORUM - Pharmacogenomic Study (add-on Study) [NCT02670564]Phase 41,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-04-30Recruiting
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Thalassemia Major: A Multicenter, Prospective Clinical Study [NCT04009525]Phase 4800 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-06-01Recruiting
A Pilot Study of Sequential Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy With Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for High Risk Neuroblastoma [NCT00670410]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Poor accrual)
[NCT02577094]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn
Allogeneic Transplantation for Pediatric Leukemias With Unrelated Donors Using Fludarabine, Busulfan, 400 cGy Total Body Irradiation, and Thymoglobulin [NCT00679536]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-05-31Recruiting
Phase II Study of VIDL (VP-16, Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, L-asparaginase) Chemotherapy Followed by High-dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Stage III/IV Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma [NCT02544425]Phase 227 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-02-21Recruiting
Transplantation of Umbilical Cord Blood in Patients With Hematological Malignancies Using a Treosulfan Based Preparative Regimen [NCT00796068]Phase 2130 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-24Completed
Phase I/II Study of Reduced Toxicity Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen for Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome [NCT00885833]Phase 1/Phase 25 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
Rasburicase to Prevent Graft -Versus-Host Disease [NCT00513474]Phase 146 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Determination of Optimal Busulfan Dose Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01018446]Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Busulfan-Fludarabine-Clofarabine With Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Advanced Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, and Advanced, Gleevec Refractory Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. A Randomized Phase II Study. [NCT00469014]Phase 272 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
Evaluation of Fludarabine, Busulfan and Alemtuzumab as a Reduced Toxicity Ablative Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplant Regimen for Children With Stem Cell Defects, Marrow Failure Syndromes, or Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)/Leukemia [NCT00301834]Phase 235 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in Remission Using HLA-Matched Sibling Donors, HLA-Matched Unrelated Donors, or HLA-Mismatched Familial Donors - A Phase 2 Study [NCT01020734]Phase 2263 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
A Phase I Study of Targeted, Dose-Escalated Intravenous Busulfan and Bolus Etoposide as Preparative Therapy for Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01048827]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
Phase II Study of Maintenance Therapy With Decitabine (NSC #127716) Following Standard Induction and Cytogenetic Risk-Adapted Intensification in Previously Untreated Patients With AML < 60 Years [NCT00416598]Phase 2546 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-15Completed
A Phase II Trial of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Patients With Fanconi Anemia Lacking a Genotypically Identical Donor, Using a Risk-Adjusted Chemotherapy Only Cytoreduction With Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine [NCT03600909]Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-15Terminated(stopped due to Accrual has been slow)
Randomized Trial of GVHD Prophylasxis With Post-transplantation Cyclophocphomide (PTCy) or Thymoglobulin in Unrelated SCT Recepients With Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Myelodisplatic Syndrome [NCT02627573]Phase 232 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Poor recruitment)
Chemo Sensitization Before Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With a CXCR4 Antagonist in Patients With Acute Leukemia in Complete Remission: Pilot Study [NCT02605460]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-02-28Recruiting
Treatment of Severe (Types II and III) Osteogenesis Imperfecta by Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation [NCT00705120]Phase 19 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-11-30Completed
A Phase II Trial of Myeloablative Conditioning and Transplantation of Partially HLA-mismatched Bone Marrow for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00796562]Phase 2107 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Randomized Comparison of Once-daily Intravenous Busulfan Plus Cyclophosphamide Versus Fludarabine as a Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome [NCT00774280]Phase 3130 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-05-31Completed
A Two Step Approach to Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for High Risk Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01760655]Phase 262 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-24Completed
G-CSF and Plerixafor With Busulfan and Fludarabine for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myeloid Leukemias [NCT00822770]Phase 1/Phase 247 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
Reduced Intensity Conditioning Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Pediatric Patients With Hematologic Malignancies at High Risk for Transplant Related Mortality With Standard Transplantation [NCT00795132]Phase 247 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
Post Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Unrelated and Related Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematological Malignancies [NCT01349101]Phase 280 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-10Completed
A Phase II, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of OTI-010 in Subjects Who Receive HLA-Identical Sibling Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00081055]Phase 20 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn
High-Dose Gemcitabine, Busulfan and Melphalan With Hematopoietic Cell Support for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin's Disease [NCT01200329]Phase 281 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
The Efficiency and Safety of N-acetylcysteine for Prevention of Thrombotic Events After Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT05907486]Phase 3260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-01Not yet recruiting
High-dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation as Adjuvant Treatment for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients Without Complete Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy [NCT02670109]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-02-01Recruiting
A Phase II Trial of Transplants From HLA-Compatible Related or Unrelated Donors With CD34+ Enriched, T-cell Depleted Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Isolated by the CliniMACS System in the Treatment of Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Other Lethal H [NCT01119066]Phase 2422 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-03Completed
A Study to Compare Bone Marrow Transplantation to Standard Care in Adolescents and Young Adults With Severe Sickle Cell Disease (BMT CTN 1503) [NCT02766465]Phase 2138 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Completed
Pilot Study of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation From Unrelated Donors for Patients With Severe Homozygous Beta 0/+ Thalassemia or Severe Variants of Beta 0/+ Thalassemia [NCT00578292]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-02-29Terminated(stopped due to Stem cell transplant was determined SOC for this disease (study is not relevant))
A First-in-Human Study of HLA-Partially to Fully Matched Allogenic Cryopreserved Deceased Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT05589896]Phase 1/Phase 212 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-30Recruiting
High Dose Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation With Post Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Patients With Chronic Granulomatous Disease [NCT02629120]Phase 1/Phase 244 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-17Active, not recruiting
Lentiviral Gene Transfer for Treatment of Children Older Than 2 Years of Age With X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency [NCT01306019]Phase 1/Phase 219 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-25Suspended(stopped due to Clones representing 10% or more of the subject patients myeloid lineage have been detected, no evidence of malignancy found.)
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant for Children With AML in First Complete Remission: Use of Marker Genes to Investigate the Biology of Marrow Reconstitution and the Mechanism of Relapse [NCT00667927]Phase 117 participants (Actual)Interventional1991-03-31Completed
Clinical Phase III Trial to Compare Treosulfan-based Conditioning Therapy With Busulfan-based Reduced-intensity Conditioning (RIC) Prior to Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With AML or MDS Considered Ineligible to Standard C [NCT00822393]Phase 3570 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-24Completed
A Multi-Center, Phase II Trial of HLA-Mismatched Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation With Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT02793544]Phase 280 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-31Completed
A Phase I/II Study of Azacitidine in Haploidentical Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation [NCT02750254]Phase 15 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-27Terminated(stopped due to Toxicity. Only enrolled patients in phase I portion of trial.)
Thiotepa-Clofarabine-Busulfan With Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for High Risk Malignancies [NCT00857389]Phase 260 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-02Completed
Idarubicin+Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide vs Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Regimen for Intermediate-risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT02671708]Phase 2/Phase 3153 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
A Phase II Study of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity [NCT04339777]Phase 266 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-22Recruiting
Phase II Study of Reduced Toxicity Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen for Cord Blood Transplantation in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia [NCT00887042]Phase 1/Phase 235 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-06-30Active, not recruiting
Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01093586]Phase 214 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
Pilot Study of Reduced Intensity Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Poor Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Utilising Conditioning With Fludarabine, Busulphan and Thymoglobulin [NCT00915811]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-06-30Terminated(stopped due to FB ATG is now a standard for sib allo MDS patients)
Pilot Study of Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation in Patients With Poor Risk Haematological Malignancies [NCT00916045]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment issues)
A Randomized, Multi-Center Phase III Trial Comparing Two Conditioning Regimens (CloFluBu and BuCyMel) in Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. [NCT05477589]Phase 3170 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-06-07Recruiting
Romidepsin Therapy in Conditioning and Maintenance in Patients With T-Cell Malignancies Receiving Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant [NCT02512497]Phase 110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-12-08Recruiting
Safety and Efficacy Study of Busulfan/FLAG Conditioning Regimen in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Leukemia Undergoing Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT02784561]Phase 480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-07-31Not yet recruiting
Decitabine+Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide vs Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Regimen for Myeloid Tumors Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT04098653]Phase 2/Phase 3196 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-09-30Recruiting
Prospective Phase II Clinical Trial of Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen With Fludarabine and Busulfan Plus 400 cGy Total Body Irradiation for Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00815568]Phase 2114 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-08-31Recruiting
Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, Imatinib Mesylate and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia [NCT01003054]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-03-31Completed
Phase I/II Study of Myeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Aggressive Hematologic Malignancies Using Clofarabine and Busulfan x 4 (Clo/BU4) Regimen [NCT00556452]Phase 1/Phase 246 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of CD34+ Enriched Transplants From HLA-Compatible Related or Unrelated Donors for Treatment of Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome [NCT05617625]Phase 250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-03-31Suspended(stopped due to The study has been put on hold while pending CMS approval)
A Phase I Study Using Submyeloablative DOsing of Intravenous Busulfan (Busulfex) for Refractory Brain Tumors [NCT00836628]Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Withdrawn(stopped due to slow accrual)
A PHASE I-II MULTICENTER STUDY OF THE CLORETAZINE-DAUNORUBICIN-ARACYTINE COMBINATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) WITH UNFAVORABLE CYTOGENETICS [NCT00840684]Phase 1/Phase 2135 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
Phase II Study of Radiolabeled BC8 (Anti-CD45) Antibody Combined With Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide as Treatment for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in First Remission Followed by HLA-Identical Related Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00005940]Phase 218 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-10-31Completed
[NCT00006054]0 participants Interventional2000-03-31Terminated
Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Patients With Incurable Solid Tumors: A Phase I Study [NCT00006126]Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-09-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Unable to accrue subjects.)
Phase I Study of Intrathecal Spartaject-Busulfan in Children With Neoplastic Meningitis [NCT00006246]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-11-30Completed
Autologous Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Using Retrovirally Marked Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells Obtained After In Vivo Cyclophosphamide/G-CSF Priming [NCT00005986]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Principal investigator left the university.)
Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization and Transplantation for Myelofibrosis [NCT00006367]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-05-31Completed
Phase 2 Study Of High Dose Chemotherapy Followed By Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Support In Patients With Multiple Myeloma And Primary Light Chain Amyloidosis [NCT00007995]Phase 275 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1999-07-31Completed
A Phase II Open-label, Multicenter, Non Randomized Study Evaluating the Efficacy and the Safety of Clofarabine in Combination With IV Busulfan and Thymoglobulin (CBT) as a Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen Prior to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantatio [NCT00863148]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
Prospective , Multicentric, Randomized Phase II Study, Evaluating the Role of Cranial Radiotherapy or Intensive Chemotherapy With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Rescue After Conventional Chemotherapy for Primary Central Nervous System in Young Patients (< 60 y) [NCT00863460]Phase 2140 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-03Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study of High Dose Busulfan Combined With IL2/GM-CSF Activated Autologous/Syngeneic PBSC, Sequential IL2/GM-CSF Therapy and Alpha Interferon Maintenance Therapy as Treatment of CML [NCT00005948]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-01-31Completed
Pilot Study of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Reduced Intensity Conditioning in Treating Patients With Multiple Myeloma [NCT00802568]Phase 248 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
A Pilot Study of Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy Only in Patients With Persistent Disease and Matched Family Donors [NCT00531310]Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-01-31Terminated(stopped due to Poor accrual)
A Pilot Study of Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC) and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (ALLOSCT) In Children With Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (RDEB) [NCT00881556]Early Phase 13 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-20Terminated
Busulfan and Melphalan With Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Support With Positively-Selected CD133+ Hematopoietic Cells for Children With High Risk Solid Tumors and Lymphomas [NCT00152126]26 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-08-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of Busulfan, Melphalan, and Fludarabine With Peri-transplant Palifermin, Followed by a T-Cell Depleted Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant From HLA Matched or Mismatched Related or Unrelated Donors in Patients With Advanced Myelodysplastic [NCT00629798]Phase 264 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-12Completed
A Phase II Trial of a Chemotherapy Based Regimen of Intravenous Busulfan (Busulfex), Melphalan and Thiotepa as Myeloablative Regimen Followed by a T- Cell Depleted Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant From and HLA-Compatible Donor in the Treatmen [NCT00357396]Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
Phase 2 Study of Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Core-binding Factor Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the First Complete Remission [NCT01050036]39 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-01-31Recruiting
High-dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant or Consolidating Conventional Chemotherapy in Primary CNS Lymphoma - Randomized Phase III Trial [NCT02531841]Phase 3250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-07-31Recruiting
Timed Sequential Busulfan and Post Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Allogeneic Transplantation [NCT02861417]Phase 2204 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-08-05Active, not recruiting
Panobinostat Combined With High-Dose Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan With Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Patients With Refractory/Relapsed Myeloma [NCT02506959]Phase 283 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-14Active, not recruiting
Conditioning for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation With Fludarabine Plus Targeted IV Busulfan and GVHD Prophylaxis With Thymoglobulin, Tacrolimus and Methotrexate in Patients With Myeloid Malignancies [NCT01056614]Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Followed By Targeted Immune Therapy In Average Risk Acute Myelogenous Leukemia/Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (AML/MDS/JMML) [NCT01020539]Phase 118 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-09-11Completed
An Open, Multi-center, Randomized Trial Comparing Haploidentical HSCTs From Young Non-first-degree and Older First-degree Donors in Hematological Malignancies [NCT04547049]Phase 3160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-01Recruiting
A Randomized, National, Open-label, Multicenter, Phase III Trial Studying Induction Therapy With Bortezomib/Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone (VRD-GEM), Followed by High-dose Chemotherapy With Melphalan-200 (MEL-200) Versus Busulfan-melphalan (BUMEL), and Consol [NCT01916252]Phase 3460 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-09-30Completed
A Phase 2, Open-label, Prospective, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Intravenous Busulfan and Melphalan as a Conditioning Regimen in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01923935]Phase 2105 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-01-31Recruiting
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation With Matched Unrelated Donors for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Using a Preparative Regimen of Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, and Fludarabine [NCT00208923]Phase 255 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-07-31Completed
Phase I/II Trial of De-Escalation of Busulfan With Fludarabine and Antithymocyte Globulin as Preparative Therapy for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for the Treatment of Severe Congenital T-Cell Immunodeficiency [NCT00228852]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants InterventionalCompleted
Olaparib Combined With High-Dose Chemotherapy for Refractory Lymphomas [NCT03259503]Phase 150 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-09-13Active, not recruiting
Autologous Blood or Marrow Transplantation for Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Based on Early [18F] FDG-PET Scanning [NCT00238368]Phase 259 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-02-29Completed
Rituximab, Methotrexate, Procarbazine, Vincristine, Lenalidomide (RL-MPV) Followed by BBC (BCNU, Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide) High-dose Chemotherapy With Auto-HCT and Maintenance Therapy With Nivolumab in Newly Diagnosed Primary CNS Lymphoma [NCT05425654]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-05-17Recruiting
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia [NCT01949129]Phase 2/Phase 31,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-04-30Recruiting
Panobinostat Combined With High-Dose Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan With Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Patients With Refractory/Relapsed Lymphoma [NCT02961816]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funding)
Personalized Monitoring of Intravenous Busulfan Dosing for Patients With Lymphoma Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation. [NCT01959477]Early Phase 133 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
A Phase I Study to Examine the Toxicity of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed or Therapy Refractory Ewing Sarcoma [NCT01969942]Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Withdrawn(stopped due to No subjects meeting study inclusion were enrolled.)
Personalized NK Cell Therapy in CBT [NCT02727803]Phase 2100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-05-19Recruiting
A Phase I/IIa, Open-label, Non-randomized, Study of ASC-101 in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies or Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Who Are Candidates for Dual-cord Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT) [NCT01983761]Phase 1/Phase 225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-11-30Active, not recruiting
Prospective and Multicentre Evaluation of 3 Different Doses of IV Busulfan Associated With Fludarabine and Thymoglobuline in the Conditioning of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) From a Matched Related or Unrelated Donor in Patients With Poor Pro [NCT01985061]Phase 2177 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-12-31Recruiting
Sequential Myeloablative Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Followed by Allogeneic Non-Myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Poor Risk Lymphomas [NCT01181271]Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
MT2015-20: Biochemical Correction of Severe Epidermolysis Bullosa by Allogeneic Cell Transplantation and Serial Donor Mesenchymal Cell Infusions [NCT02582775]Phase 217 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-31Completed
Pilot Study of the Safety and Feasibility of Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Relapsed AIDS-Related Lymphoma [NCT00005824]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-11-30Completed
A Phase III Randomized Study Comparing Busulfan-Total Body Irradiation Versus Cyclophosphamide-Total Body Irradiation Preparative Regimen in Patients With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) or MDS-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Undergoing HLA-I [NCT00005866]Phase 3240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2000-02-29Completed
A Multi-center, Phase 2, Single-Arm, Open-Label Exploratory Study of Individually- Optimized Conditioning Using Pharmacokinetics [PK]-Directed Dose Adjustment of Once Daily Intravenous Busulfan, Followed by Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in [NCT00948090]Phase 2207 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
[NCT00005893]0 participants Interventional2000-06-30Completed
Phase III Randomized Study of Induction Chemotherapy With or Without MDR-Modulation With PSC-833 (NSC # 648265, IND # 41121) Followed by Cytogenetic Risk-Adapted Intensification Therapy Followed by Immunotherapy With rIL-2 (NSC # 373364, IND # 1969) vs. O [NCT00006363]Phase 3720 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-11-30Completed
High Dose Chemotherapy And Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Rescue For High Risk Acute Leukemia [NCT00008190]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-03-31Completed
Matched Related and Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID): Busulfan-based Conditioning With h-ATG, Radiation, and Sirolimus [NCT04370795]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-03Enrolling by invitation
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelofibrosis and Myelodysplastic Syndrome Using Reduced Intensity Busulfan and Fludarabine Conditioning [NCT00475020]Phase 263 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-04Completed
Ex Vivo Expansion of Mafosfamide Purged CD34+ Cells in Patients With Acute Leukemia [NCT00245115]Phase 17 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Expiration of study supply)
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for the Treatment of Genetic Disorders of Erythropoiesis [NCT00578435]Phase 225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1994-01-31Completed
Pharmacologic Pretransplant Immunosuppression (PTIS) + Reduced Toxicity Conditioning (RTC) Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Inherited Hematologic Disorders [NCT05293509]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-03-02Withdrawn(stopped due to 0 accrual)
Multi-Center Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial of Naïve T Cell Depletion for Prevention of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Children and Young Adults [NCT03779854]Phase 268 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-29Recruiting
Reduced Intensity Conditioning With Fludarabine and Busulfan Versus Fludarabine and Melphalan Before Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Randomised, Single-Center, Phase III Study [NCT05674539]Phase 3200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-12-28Recruiting
Phase II Trial of a Chemotherapy Alone Regimen of IV Busulfan (Busulfex), Melphalan and Fludarabine as Myeloablative Regimen Followed by an Allogeneic T-Cell Depleted Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant From an HLA-Identical, or HLA-Non Identical Related o [NCT00582933]Phase 296 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-05-31Completed
HLA Matched Unrelated or Non-Genotype Identical Related Donor Transplantation For Chronic Granulomatous Disease [NCT00578643]Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-03-31Completed
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From Haploidentical Donors in Patients With Hematological Malignancies Using a Treosulfan-Based Preparative Regimen [NCT04195633]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-01-25Recruiting
"Phase II Study of a Reduced-toxicity Submyeloablative Conditioning Regimen Prior to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Hematological Malignancies" [NCT00841724]Phase 282 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation From HLA Identical Related Donors for Patients With Hemoglobinopathies: Hemoglobin SS, Hemoglobin SC, or Hemoglobin SB0/+ Thalassemia [NCT00578344]8 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Terminated due to no new subject enrollment during the last 3 year period.)
Non-myeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation With Match Unrelated Donors for Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies and Renal Cell Carcinoma and Aplastic Anemia [NCT00295997]35 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-05-31Active, not recruiting
Belinostat Combined With Azacitidine/Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan With Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Refractory or Relapsed Lymphoma [NCT02701673]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-30Withdrawn
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Combination With Busulfan and Cyclophosphamid and Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With High Risk CD33+ Acute Myelogenous Leukemia/Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia [NCT00669890]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Terminated(stopped due to PI left institution)
International Randomised Phase III Clinical Trial in Children With Acute Myeloid Leukaemia - Incorporating an Embedded Dose Finding Study for Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Combination With Induction Chemotherapy [NCT02724163]Phase 3700 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-04-30Recruiting
Early Diagnosis and Stem Cell Transplantation for Severe Immunodeficiency Diseases [NCT00613561]Phase 225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-12-31Recruiting
Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation After Nonmyeloablative Conditioning For Patients With Hematological Malignancies [NCT00627666]Phase 252 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-01-31Completed
A Phase II Study of Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT) for Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Failure States [NCT00997386]Phase 216 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant to Induce Mixed Donor Chimerism in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia [NCT00408447]Phase 253 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Active, not recruiting
Phase II Study for Safety and Efficacy of BEB (Bendamustine, Etoposide, Busulfan) Conditioning Regimen for ASCT in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT02836639]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-02-29Recruiting
Graft-versus-host Disease Prophylaxis With Post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide and Ruxolitinib in Patients With Myelofibrosis [NCT02806375]Phase 1/Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
A Phase I Study to Examine the Toxicity of Killer IG-Like Receptor (KIR) Mismatched Umbilical Cord Blood for Pediatric Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors [NCT00436761]Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-05-31Active, not recruiting
Vorinostat (SAHA) Combined With High-Dose Gemcitabine, Busulfan, and Melphalan With Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Support for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoid Malignancies [NCT01421173]Phase 178 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
Fractionated Busulfan Combined With Chidamide/Fludarabine/Cytarabine (ChiFAB) With Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Non-remission Myeloid Malignancies: a Phase II Study [NCT05807659]Phase 218 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-16Recruiting
[NCT00006056]40 participants Interventional2000-03-31Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study of Double Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00423826]0 participants Expanded Access2007-01-31No longer available
Präferenz-Studie Bei älteren Patientinnen Mit Ovarialkarzinomrezidiv: Treosulfan Oral vs. intravenös [NCT00170690]Phase 3123 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-08-31Completed
Dose-escalation Study of Graft-versus-host Disease Prophylaxis With High-dose Post-transplantation Bendamustine in Patients With Refractory Acute Leukemia [NCT02799147]Phase 1/Phase 227 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-30Completed
Azacitidine Maintenance Therapy After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) [NCT00813124]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Gemcitabine Combined With Busulfan and Melphalan, With Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, for Patients With Poor-prognosis Advanced Lymphoid Malignancies [NCT00410982]Phase 1145 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
A Phase II Study of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT)From Haploidentical Related Donors for Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Failure States [NCT00618969]Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation From HLA/MLC Genotype Identical Donors for Patients With High Risk Sickle Cell Disease [NCT00186810]Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional1992-12-31Completed
A Randomized Phase III Study of the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Refractory or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia [NCT00186966]Phase 3394 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-03-31Completed
Phase II Study Evaluating Busulfan and Fludarabine as Preparative Therapy in Adults With Hematopoietic Disorders Undergoing Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00301912]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-01-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Withdrawn because study never opened to accrual)
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis [NCT00334672]Phase 3288 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-03-31Active, not recruiting
Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Transplantation For Severe Osteopetrosis Incorporating A Second Cd34 Selected Graft [NCT00638820]Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Excess toxicity)
T Cell Receptor Alpha/Beta T Cell Depleted (α/β TCD) Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Fanconi Anemia (FA) [NCT03579875]Phase 248 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-11-13Recruiting
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Advanced Hematological Malignancies After Treosulfan-based Conditioning Therapy - A Clinical Phase II Study [NCT01063647]Phase 1/Phase 256 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-30Completed
Busulfan Plus Cyclophosphamide vs Total Body Irradiation Plus Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Regimen for Standard-risk Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Undergoing HLA-matched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT02670252]Phase 3550 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
International Collaborative Treatment Protocol for Infants Under One Year With Acute Lymphoblastic or Biphenotypic Leukemia [NCT00550992]445 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-01-31Recruiting
A Phase II Trial of Myeloablative Conditioning and Transplantation of Partially HLA-Mismatched Peripheral Blood Stem Cells for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00782379]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Completed
Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor+Decitabine+Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide vs Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Regimen for Patients With RAEB-1, RAEB-2 and AML Secondary to MDS Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT02744742]Phase 2/Phase 3202 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-04-18Completed
AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION USING C-MYB (LR-3001) ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE TREATED BONE MARROW IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA IN CHRONIC OR ACCELERATED PHASE [NCT00002592]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1993-06-30Completed
A Pilot Study of Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia, Inborn Errors in Metabolism, or Inherited Hematologic Stem Cell Disorders [NCT00003336]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-01-31Completed
Cord Blood Fucosylation to Enhance Homing and Engraftment in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01471067]Phase 133 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-13Completed
Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies Using CAMPATH-1H [NCT00458250]Phase 110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
Randomized Multicenter Treatment Optimization Study In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Interferon-a Vs. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Vs. High-Dose Chemotherapy Followed By Autografting And Interferon-a Maintainance In Early Chronic Phase [NCT00025402]Phase 31,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-07-31Active, not recruiting
Phase II Trial of Fludarabine Combined With Intravenous Treosulfan and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-cell Transplantation in Patients With Chemo-refractory or Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome. [NCT00491634]Phase 224 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
NON-T-CELL DEPLETED HLA-HAPLOIDENTICAL FAMILIAL DONOR HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION AFTER REDUCED INTENSITY CONDITIONING [NCT00521430]30 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
Allogeneic Transplant for Hematological Malignancy [NCT00176930]330 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-10-31Terminated(stopped due to replaced by another study ; Trial re-written as MT2015-29)
Phase II Study Evaluating Busulfan and Fludarabine as Preparative Therapy in Adults With Hematopoietic Disorders Undergoing Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00516152]Phase 236 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2002-11-30Completed
Rituximab For Prevention Of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) After Unrelated Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) [NCT01044745]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-10Terminated(stopped due to Study was closed to accrual for safety related to the frequency of BK infections.)
Benadamustine, Fludarabine and Busulfan Conditioning in Recipients of Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation (FluBuBe) [NCT04942730]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-01-21Recruiting
A Phase II Trial of HSCT for the Treatment of Patients With Fanconi Anemia Lacking a Genotypically Identical Donor, Using a Risk-Adjusted Chemotherapy Only Cytoreduction With Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine [NCT02143830]Phase 270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-04-30Recruiting
Phase I/II Study De-intensifying Exposure of Post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide as GVHD Prophylaxis After HLA-haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies [NCT03983850]Phase 1/Phase 2400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-07-09Recruiting
Phase 2 Study of Personalized r-ATG Dosing to Improve Survival Through Enhanced Immune Reconstitution in Pediatric and Adult Patients Undergoing Ex-vivo CD34-Selected Allogeneic-HCT (PRAISE-IR) [NCT04872595]Phase 256 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-04-30Recruiting
High-dose Gemcitabine, Busulfan and Melphalan With Autologous Hematopoietic-Cell Support for Patients With Poor-Risk Myeloma [NCT01237951]Phase 275 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-08Completed
Cord Blood Ex-Vivo MSC Expansion Plus Fucosylation to Enhance Homing and Engraftment [NCT03096782]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-13Completed
Pre-administration of Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin to Optimize Donor T-Cell Engraftment Following Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation From Matched-Related Donors [NCT00787761]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
Sequential Myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation and Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Refractory or Recurrent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Hodgkin's Disease [NCT00802113]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
Targeted Busulfan, Fludarabine, Etoposide Conditioning Regimen for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood and Adolescent Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT02047578]Phase 238 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-02-05Recruiting
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Patients With Nonmalignant Inherited Disorders Using a Treosulfan Based Preparative Regimen [NCT00919503]Phase 298 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
HLA Matched Related and Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation With Busulfan/Cyclophosphamide and Post Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Hematological Malignancies [NCT00134017]Phase 2142 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Completed
BUSULFAN AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE FOR CYTOREDUCTION OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS AND MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES UNDERGOING ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION WHO CANNOT BE TREATED WITH TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION [NCT00002502]Phase 20 participants Interventional1992-07-31Completed
Pilot Study for Matched-Related Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Metastatic Malignant Melanoma [NCT00003060]Phase 16 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1995-03-31Terminated(stopped due to lack of patient accrual)
Randomized Trial of Autologous GVHD for Refractory Lymphoma [NCT00003414]Phase 350 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-10-31Completed
Phase I Study of Intrathecal Spartaject-Busulfan in Patients With Neoplastic Meningitis [NCT00003462]Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-04-30Completed
Matched Unrelated and Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00003960]Phase 236 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-04-30Completed
A Phase III Study of High-Dose Chemotherapy Using Busulfan, Melphalan and Thiotepa Versus Cyclophosphamide,Thiotepa, Carboplatin Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With High-Risk Primary Stage II or III (Non-Inflammatory) Breast [NCT00003972]Phase 3280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-07-31Completed
The Value of High Dose Versus Standard Dose ARA-C During Induction and of IL-2 After Intensive Consolidation/Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients (Age 15-60 Years) With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. A Randomized Phase II Trial of the EORTC and t [NCT00004128]Phase 32,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1999-09-30Active, not recruiting
Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant Using Post Transplant Cyclophosphamide for GvHD Prophylaxis: A Pilot Study [NCT02248597]Phase 227 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-25Completed
Phase II Study of IV Busulfan Combined With 12 cGy of Fractionated Total Body Irradiation (FTBI) and Etoposide (VP-16) as a Preparative Regimen for Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Advanced Hematological Malignancies [NCT00534430]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-02-29Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study of Using Filgrastim-Primed Bone Marrow in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Matched Related Donor Allogenetic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Non-Malignancies [NCT00253552]4 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Terminated at request of PI as study was outdated.)
Pilot Study on Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Conditioning With Fludarabine and an Alkylating Agent in Patients With High-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [NCT00281983]Phase 1/Phase 2100 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-06-30Completed
Pilot Study of Reduced-Intensity Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Adult Patients With Advanced Hematopoietic Malignancies [NCT00301951]Phase 17 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Pilot Study of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Adult Patients With Advanced Hematopoietic Malignancies [NCT00304018]Phase 15 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-10-31Completed
Low-Dose Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for High-Risk Low Grade Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00296023]25 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-01-31Completed
A Phase II Study of Reduced Dose Post Transplantation Cyclophosphamide as GvHD Prophylaxis in Adult Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Receiving HLA-Mismatched Unrelated Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT06001385]Phase 2170 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-01Not yet recruiting
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Patients With Mutations in GATA2 or the MonoMAC Syndrome [NCT01861106]Phase 2144 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-07-24Recruiting
Secondary Transplantation Using Moderate Dose Busulfan as Conditioning for a Patient With Partial Reconstitution Post Initial Allogeneic Transplantation [NCT00092937]Phase 12 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-23Completed
The Use Of Umbilical Cord Blood As A Source Of Hematopoietic Stem Cells [NCT00084695]Phase 225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-09-30Recruiting
Alloreactive NK Cells With Busulfan, Fludarabine and Thymoglobulin for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for AML and MDS [NCT00402558]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
Pilot Trial of Two Dose Levels of Thymoglobulin® as Part of a Myeloablative-Conditioning for a HLA Identical Matched Related Donor (MRD) Stem Cell Transplant With Cyclosporine (CsA) as Posttransplant Graft vs Host Disease (GvHD) Prophylaxis [NCT00093587]0 participants Interventional2004-08-31Active, not recruiting
A Programme of Treatment Development for Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome [NCT00454480]Phase 2/Phase 32,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Disorders Who Are Ineligible or Inappropriate for Treatment With a More Intensive Therapeutic Regimen [NCT00448201]Phase 271 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-07Completed
Autologous Purged Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) [NCT00446173]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Terminated due to low accrual.)
Cord Blood Expansion on Mesenchymal Stem Cells [NCT00498316]Phase 198 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-07-03Completed
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant for Children With Myeloid Hematological Malignancies (UCAML) [NCT01247701]16 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Busulfan and Fludarabine as Conditioning for Allogeneic Stem Cell [NCT00156858]200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-01-31Recruiting
Venetoclax to Improve Outcomes of Fractionated Busulfan Regimen in Patients With High-Risk AML and MDS [NCT04708054]Phase 2100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-21Recruiting
A Prospective Trial to Evaluate the Role of In Vivo T Cell Depletion by Campath® (Alemtuzumab) in Reduction of Transplant Related Mortality in Transplantation From HLA-Class I or Class II Mismatched, Unrelated Donors [NCT00555048]Phase 1/Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Low accrual)
Phase II Study of the Addition of Azacitidine (NSC#102816) to Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Transplantation for Myelodysplasia (MDS) and Older Patients With AML [NCT01168219]Phase 268 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-15Completed
CD34 Selected Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation With Myeloablative Conditioning and CD8+ Memory T Cell Infusion For Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Acute Leukemia, and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia [NCT04151706]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-02-27Suspended(stopped due to Interim analysis)
Reduced-intensity, Related-donor Allogeneic BMT With Fludarabine, Busulfan, and High-dose Posttransplantation Cyclophosphamide for Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01135329]Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Terminated(stopped due to The stopping rule was met and hence the study was closed)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation From Unrelated Donors [NCT03016806]Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-06-30Recruiting
Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Malignant Hematological Diseases [NCT00582894]17 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation For The Treatment Of High Risk Multiple Myeloma With Reduced Toxicity Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen [NCT00615589]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Terminated(stopped due to Low accrual)
Combined Haploidentical-Cord Blood Transplantation for Adults and Children [NCT00943800]87 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-09Completed
A Multicenter Phase II Trial of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Patients With Fanconi Anemia Lacking a Genotypically Identical Donor, Using a Chemotherapy Only Cytoreduction With Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine [NCT00987480]Phase 245 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-25Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Standard Risk Inherited Metabolic Disorders [NCT01043640]Phase 246 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
A Phase II Study of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy for Young Adults With Severe Sickle Cell Disease [NCT01565616]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
Population Pharmacokinetics, Effectiveness and Safety of Antineoplastic Drugs in Elderly Patients [NCT05467189]500 participants (Anticipated)Observational [Patient Registry]2021-01-01Recruiting
Second or Greater Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Using Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC) [NCT01666080]30 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-08-31Recruiting
Chidamide Combined With Cladribine/Gemcitabine/Busulfan (ChiCGB) With Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Relapsed and Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma [NCT03151876]Phase 293 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-06-12Recruiting
Dose Escalation of Total Marrow Irradiation Added to an Alkylator-Intense Conditioning Regimen for Patients With High Risk or Relapsed Solid Tumors [NCT00623077]Phase 123 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Replaced by another study)
Pacritinib Prior to Transplant for Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) [NCT02410551]Phase 24 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-15Terminated
Multi-Center Study Using Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Reduced Intensity Chemotherapy in Patients With Hemoglobinopathies [NCT00153985]Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-03-31Completed
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hurler Syndrome, Maroteaux Lamy Syndrome (MPS VI), and Alpha Mannosidase Deficiency (Mannosidosis) [NCT00176917]Phase 241 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-05-31Completed
A Phase I/II Combination Study of Topotecan, Fludarabine, Cytosine Arabinoside and G-CSF (T-FLAG) Induction Therapy in Patients With Poor Prognosis AML, MDS and Relapsed/Refractory ALL Followed by Maintenance of Either PBSC Transplant or 13 Cis-Retinoic A [NCT00003619]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants Interventional1998-02-28Completed
A Phase I Study to Examine the Toxicity of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Pediatric Solid Tumors With Relapsed or Therapy Refractory Disease [NCT00112645]Phase 110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
European Ewing Tumour Working Initiative of National Groups Ewing Tumour Studies 1999 (EURO-E.W.I.N.G.99) [NCT00020566]Phase 31,200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2001-02-28Recruiting
A Study Of The Treatment Of Metastatic Neuroblastoma In Children More Than One Year Of Age At Diagnosis [NCT00024193]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-04-30Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Study Of Mobilization Chemotherapy With GMCSF And GCSF Followed By High Dose Therapy Combined With IL2 Activated Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Followed By Sequential IL2 Therapy As Treatment For Solid Tumors And Lymphoma [NCT00027937]Phase 20 participants Interventional2001-08-31Completed
Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation [NCT00029380]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1999-01-31Completed
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Nonmyeloablative Chemotherapy in Patients With Hemoglobinopathies [NCT00034528]Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Due to slow recruitment)
A Phase II Trial of IV Busulfan (Busulfex) and Melphalan as a Preparatory Regimen Prior to Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for the Treatment of Advanced and High Risk Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00014469]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-12-31Completed
Dose Finding Study of Gelonin Purging of Autologous Stem Cells for Transplantation of Patients With AML/MDS in First or Subsequent Remission [NCT00043810]Phase 1/Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-07-31Terminated
Conditioning With Targeted Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide and Thymoglobulin for Allogeneic Marrow or Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Transplantation for Myelodysplasia and Myeloproliferative Disorders [NCT00054340]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants Interventional2002-10-31Completed
Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Using Intensive MRC-Based Therapy and Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GMTZ): A COG Pilot Study [NCT00070174]Phase 2350 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-12-31Completed
Idarubicin and Ara-C in Combination With Gemtuzumab-Ozogamicin (IAGO) for Young Untreated Patients, Without an HLA Identical Sibling, With High Risk MDS or AML Developing After a Preceding Period With MDS During 6 Months Duration: A Phase II Study [NCT00077116]Phase 231 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
Fludarabine And Busulfan As Conditioning For Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Or Myelodysplastic Syndrome Transplanted With Hematopoietic Stem Cells From HLA-Compatible Related Or Unrelated Donors [NCT00027924]Phase 20 participants Interventional2001-10-31Completed
"Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Transplantation for the Treatment of Less Advanced Myelodysplasi" [NCT00024050]Phase 20 participants Interventional2001-02-28Completed
Non-Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation For Patients With Disease Relapse Or Myelodysplasia After Prior Autologous Transplantation [NCT00053196]Phase 282 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-12-31Completed
European Infant Neuroblastoma Study - Stage 2, 3, 4, and 4S; MYCN Amplified Tumors [NCT00025649]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-07-31Completed
Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood As An Alternate Source Of Stem Cells Transplantation [NCT00055653]Phase 20 participants Interventional2003-01-31Completed
A Single-arm, Single-center Trial of Prophylactic Tocilizumab for Acute GVHD Prevention After Haploidentical HSCT. [NCT04688021]Phase 246 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-03Recruiting
High Risk Neuroblastoma Study 1 Of Siop-Europe [NCT00030719]Phase 3175 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2001-12-31Recruiting
Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancy and Selected Solid Tumors [NCT00060255]Phase 2451 participants (Actual)Interventional1991-12-31Completed
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant From HLA Identical Related Donors for Patients With High Risk Hemoglobinopathies: Hemoglobin SS, Hemoglobin SC, Hemoglobin SB0/+ Thalassemia, or Homozygous B0/+ Thalassemia or Severe Variants of B0/+ Thalassemia [NCT00040469]Phase 215 participants Interventional2000-08-31Terminated(stopped due to accrual was slow and sporadic so the study was closed)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With Targeted Busulfan and Fludarabine in Pediatric AML [NCT01274195]Phase 227 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-01-31Recruiting
A Phase I/II Study of Immunologically Engineered rhG-CSF Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC) for Allogeneic Transplant From HLA Identical, Related Donors for Treatment of Myeloid Malignancies [NCT00049634]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2002-01-31Completed
Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation With Matched Unrelated Donors for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00818961]Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Terminated(stopped due to terminated early due to meeting end point with fewer patients than anticipated)
Immunoablative Protocol for Allogeneic Related and Unrelated Hematopoietic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant (HPBSC) [NCT00179764]68 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-03-10Completed
Allogeneic and Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation for Congenital Immunodeficiencies or Patients With Autoinflammatory/Immunodysregulatory Conditions: Busulfan-Based Conditioning With Campath- 1H or h-ATG, Radiation, and Sirolimus [NCT00426517]Early Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-19Completed
A Phase II Study of High-Dose Intravenous Busulfan Plus Melphalan With Allogeneic or Autologous Marrow or Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation for Lymphoid Malignancies or Multiple Myeloma [NCT00427765]Phase 2168 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-12-31Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Disorders Who Are Undergoing Dose-Adjusted Treatment With A Maximally Intensive Busulfex-Based Therapeutic Regimen [NCT00448357]Phase 1/Phase 254 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
A Pilot Study of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With High Risk Hemoglobinopathy Using a Non-Myeloablative Preparative Regimen to Achieve Stable Mixed Chimerism [NCT00427661]8 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-06-30Completed
Phase I/II Trial of Fludarabine in Combination With Intravenous Busulfan and Allogeneic Progenitor Cell Support for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00506857]Phase 1/Phase 282 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
Cladribine Dose Escalation in Conditioning Regimen Prior to Allo-HSCT for Refractory Acute Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes [NCT03235973]Phase 129 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-04-28Recruiting
Busulfan (IV) and Fludarabine Followed by Post-allogeneic Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies. [NCT00800839]Phase 256 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation For Severe Osteopetrosis [NCT00775931]Phase 2/Phase 37 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide Followed By Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation In Patients With Hematological Malignancies [NCT01685411]5 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Terminated
A Phase II Study of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Subjects With VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 Enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome [NCT05027945]Phase 237 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-23Recruiting
Peritransplant Ruxolitinib for Patients With Primary and Secondary Myelofibrosis [NCT04384692]Phase 245 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-18Recruiting
An Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Prospective Clinical Study of Mitoxantrone Liposome Combined With PTCy as Conditioning Regimen in Allo-HSCT in Acute Leukemia [NCT05739630]Phase 2/Phase 360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-01-01Recruiting
Targeted Busulfan, Fludarabine Conditioning Regimen for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Genetic Rare Disease [NCT02034630]Phase 1/Phase 25 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-07-21Recruiting
Rituximab, Methotrexate, Procarbazine and Vincristine Followed by High-dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Stem-cell Rescue in Newly-diagnosed Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) [NCT00596154]Phase 233 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-12-31Completed
A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide for Prevention of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01427881]Phase 243 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
Bone Marrow Transplantation for Non-Malignant Congenital Bone Marrow Failure Disorders [NCT00176878]Phase 2/Phase 310 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-06-30Completed
A Pilot Study of Temozolomide and O-Benzylguanine for Treatment of High-Grade Glioma, Using Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Genetically Modified for Chemoprotection [NCT00253487]0 participants Interventional2005-08-31Completed
Transplantation of Umbilical Cord Blood From Related and Unrelated Donors [NCT00290628]43 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Replaced with another study)
European Infant Neuroblastoma Study Final Protocol [NCT00417053]Phase 30 participants InterventionalActive, not recruiting
Assessment of Respiratory Functions After a Conditioning Regimen With Busulfan for Allograft or Autograft in a Unicenter Pediatric and Prospective Population [NCT00328029]Phase 235 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-07-31Recruiting
Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation for Children With Stem Cell Defects, Marrow Failure Syndromes, or Myeloid Leukemia in 1Remission [NCT00305708]Phase 1/Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2000-08-31Completed
A Phase II Study of Intravenous Melphalan and Busulfan Followed by HLA-Matched, Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma [NCT00313625]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Pharmacokinetic Study of Intravenous Busulfan as Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Patients With Acute Leukemia [NCT01498016]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-11-30Recruiting
A Phase II Study Of Pooled Unrelated Donor Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Transplant For Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Needing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant But Do Not Have A Related HLA-Matched Donor [NCT01500161]Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Insufficient accruals)
Phase II Trial of Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC) and Allogeneic Transplantation of Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) From Unrelated Donors in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01622556]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Terminated
A Phase I Study of CD45RA+ Depleted Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in Children With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors and Lymphomas [NCT01625351]Phase 123 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-20Completed
Clofarabine, Gemcitabine, and Busulfan Followed by Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) [NCT01629511]Phase 1/Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-21Terminated
A Pilot Study of an Immunosuppressive and Myeloablative Preparative Regimen for Allogeneic Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Severe Sickle Cell Disease [NCT01279616]Phase 28 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Terminated(stopped due to PI moving to a different institution.)
Trial of Allogeneic BMT for Hematologic Malignancies Using HLA-matched Related or Unrelated Donors With Fludarabine and IV Busulfan as Pre-transplant Conditioning Followed by Post-transplant Immunosuppression With High-dose Cyclophosphamide [NCT00809276]Phase 1/Phase 292 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
High Risk Neuroblastoma Study 1 of SIOP-Europe (SIOPEN) [NCT01704716]Phase 33,300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2002-02-28Recruiting
Multi-center Single Arm Phase II Study of Myeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Non-remission Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) Using Clofarabine and Busulfan x 4 (CloBu4) Regimen [NCT01457885]Phase 275 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
Reduced-Intensity Preparative Regiment With Fludarabine, Busulfan, And Alemtuzumab (Campath 1H) Followed By Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant For Malignant And Non-Malignant Hematological Diseases [NCT00579111]Phase 1/Phase 24 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Terminated(stopped due to slow accrual)
Cyclophosphamide-Busulfan Versus Busulfan-Cyclophosphamide as Conditioning Regimen Before Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Leukemia: a Prospective Randomized Study to Assess Liver Toxicity [NCT01779882]72 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
Allogeneic Transplantation After a Conditioning With Thiotepa, Busulfan and Fludarabin for the Treatment of Refractory/Early Relapsed Aggressive B-cell Non Hodgkin Lymphomas: a Phase II Multi-Center Trial [NCT01786018]Phase 242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-02-28Recruiting
Evaluation of Plasmatic Levels of Busulfan in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01800643]Phase 2/Phase 3100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-03-31Recruiting
Phase II Study of Reduced Intensity Conditioning With Busulfan/Clofarabine Followed by Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01643668]Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
Prospective, Phase II Randomized Study to Compare Busulfan-fludarabine Reduced-intensity Conditioning (RIC) With Thiotepa-fludarabine RIC Regimen Prior to Allogeneic Transplantation of Hematopoietic Cells for the Treatment of Myelofibrosis [NCT01814475]Phase 262 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Completed
Partially HLA Mismatched (Haploidentical) Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01749293]Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-30Terminated(stopped due to The protocol design is being reconfigured in order to open a new study.)
G-CSF+DAC+BUCY vs. G-CSF+DAC+BF Conditioning Regimen for Patients With Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Evolving From MDS Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT05449899]Phase 2/Phase 3232 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-31Recruiting
Phase II Study Assessing the Efficacy and Toxicity of PK--directed Intravenous Busulfan in Combination With High--Dose Melphalan and Bortezomib as Conditioning Regimen for First--Line Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Mul [NCT01605032]Phase 219 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Completed
Treatment Protocol: Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Transplantation in Pediatric Patients With High Risk Leukemia and Myelodysplasia Using Conditioning Regimen Without Radiation [NCT02007863]2 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) Incompatible Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (SCT) for AML With Monosomy 7, -5/5q-, High FLT3-ITD AR, or Refractory and Relapsed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) in Children: A Children's Oncolo [NCT00553202]Phase 2158 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation as Second Transplantation for Patients With Disease Relapse or Myelodysplasia After Prior Autologous Transplantation [NCT01118013]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Terminated
Reduced Intensity Conditioning And Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Medically Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Medically Refractory Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) [NCT00684255]Phase 11 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Terminated(stopped due to inactive)
A Pilot Study Using High Dose Busulfan and Bortezomib as Part of Allogeneic Transplant Conditioning Regimen for High Risk Multiple Myeloma Patients. [NCT01534143]Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Terminated(stopped due to Data was not collected, because funding was unavailable to continue study.)
ALLOGENEIC AND SYNGENEIC MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE NON-LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA [NCT00002547]Phase 2280 participants (Actual)Interventional1987-08-31Completed
NK Cells With HLA Compatible Hematopoietic Transplantation for High Risk Myeloid Malignancies [NCT01823198]Phase 1/Phase 263 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-11Completed
T-Cell Replete Haploidentical Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Plus Natural Killer (NK) Cell Transplantation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Relapsed or Refractory Despite Previous Allogeneic Transplant [NCT01621477]Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Study was terminated in August 2016 due to replacement by a new study.)
A Phase I/II Feasibility Study of Gene Transfer for Artemis-Deficient Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (ART-SCID) Using a Self-Inactivating Lentiviral Vector (AProArt) to Transduce Autologous CD34 Hematopoietic Cells [NCT03538899]Phase 1/Phase 225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-05-31Recruiting
A Phase II Trial of Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation From Matched Unrelated Donors in Patients With Advanced Hematologic Malignancies and Hematological Disorders [NCT00544115]Phase 2260 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-10-16Active, not recruiting
T-Cell Depleted Double UCB With Post Transplant IL-2 for Refractory Myeloid Leukemia [NCT01464359]Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Slow accrual)
Transplantation Of Umbilical Cord Blood From Unrelated Donors In Patients With Haematological Diseases Using A Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen [NCT02310997]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Trial closed early due to poor recruitment)
PRO#0118: A Phase I Study of Decitabin in Combination With Fludarabin and Busulfan as a Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen for the Treatment of Myeloid Malignancies [NCT01455506]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
RADIOLABELED BC8 (ANTI-CD45) ANTIBODY COMBINED WITH BUSULFAN AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AS TREATMENT FOR ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA IN FIRST OR SECOND REMISSION OR UNTREATED FIRST RELAPSE FOLLOWED BY HLA-IDENTICAL RELATED MARROW TRANSPLANTATION [NCT00002554]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1993-11-30Completed
Phase II Study of Timed Sequential Busulfan in Combination With Fludarabine in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT01572662]Phase 2201 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-11Completed
Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Nonmyeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) [NCT01390402]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Patients With High Risk Hemoglobinopathy Using a Preparative Regimen to Achieve Stable Mixed Chimerism [NCT00176852]Phase 2/Phase 322 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-06-30Completed
An International Randomised Clinical Trial of Therapeutic Interventions to Assess the Effects on Outcome in Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and High Risk Myelodysplasia Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. [NCT04217278]Phase 2/Phase 3333 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-01-27Active, not recruiting
Risk Stratification Directed Conditioning Regimen for Haploidentical HSCT in SAA [NCT03821987]55 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-12-17Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Busulfan & Melphalan as Conditioning Regimen for ASCT in Patients Who Received Bortezomib Based Induction for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Followed by Lenalidomide Maintenance Until Progression. [NCT01702831]Phase 278 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-01Completed
A Phase II Study Of Allogeneic Transplant For Older Patients With AML In First Morphologic Complete Remission Using A Non-Myeloablative Preparative Regimen [NCT00070135]Phase 2121 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, and Melphalan Followed by Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Hematological Malignancies [NCT00176839]Phase 2/Phase 311 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-06-07Terminated(stopped due to Replaced by a different study)
A Pilot Trial of Clofarabine Added to Standard Busulfan and Fludarabine for Conditioning Prior to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation [NCT01596699]Phase 216 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-24Terminated(stopped due to Triggering of futility rule; Interim analysis suggested no statistical superiority over historic controls)
The Therapeutic Window of Busulfan in Children With Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation：A Multicenter Study in China [NCT04786002]500 participants (Anticipated)Observational2020-11-01Recruiting
ChiCGB Versus BEAM With Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in High-risk Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - A Prospective, Multi-centered, Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05466318]Phase 3306 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-01Recruiting
ALLOGENEIC MARROW OR PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR AGNOGENIC MYELOID METAPLASIA WITH MYELOFIBROSIS [NCT00002792]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1996-06-30Completed
A Two Step Approach to Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01384513]Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-04Completed
A Pilot Study of Post-transplant High Dose Cyclophosphamide (PTCY) as Part of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) Prophylaxis in T-Cell Replete HLA-Mismatched Unrelated Donor (MMUD) Ablative and Reduced Intensity Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) for [NCT03128359]Phase 238 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-30Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study of Daunorubicin-cytarabine Liposome (CPX-351) Plus FLT3-inhibitor (Midostaurin) as Induction Therapy for Patients With FLT3 Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Followed by Consolidation With a CD34+-Selected Allograft [NCT04982354]Phase 1/Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-05Recruiting
Phase 2 Study of a Reduced-toxicity Myeloablative Conditionning Regimen Using Fludarabine and Full Doses of iv Busulfan in Pediatric Patients Not Eligible for Standard Myeloablative Conditioning Regimens [NCT01572181]Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
A Phase II Study of CHOEP Induction Followed by Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Lymphoma [NCT01746173]Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Slow accrual and futility)
A Randomized Trial to Compare Busulfan + Melphalan 140 mg/m2 With Melphalan 200 mg/m2 as Preparative Regimen for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma [NCT01413178]Phase 3205 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
Decitabine+Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide vs Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Regimen for TP53+ Myeloid Tumors Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT04123392]Phase 2/Phase 3196 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-31Recruiting
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation With 3-days Busulfan Plus Fludarabine as Conditioning in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory T-, NK/T-cell Lymphomas [NCT02859402]Phase 234 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-12-31Recruiting
Phase III Study on Efficacy of Dose Intensification in Patients With Non-metastatic Ewing Sarcoma. [NCT02063022]Phase 3278 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-22Completed
In-vivo T-cell Depletion and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Life-Threatening Immune Deficiencies and Histiocytic Disorders [NCT00176826]Phase 2/Phase 322 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Replaced by another protocol)
Treatment of Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Bone Marrow Transplantation [NCT00176904]Phase 2/Phase 3135 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-01-31Completed
Tacrolimus and Sirolimus as Graft Versus Host Disease Prophylaxis After Allogeneic Non-myeloablative Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00282282]Phase 231 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
Busulfan Dose Escalation Study Based on AUC in the Setting of Busulfan/Fludarabine Conditioning Prior to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) [NCT00361140]Phase 472 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-31Completed
Pilot Study of High-Dose Chemotherapy With Busulfan, Melphalan, and Topotecan Followed by Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Advanced Stage and Recurrent Tumors [NCT00638898]Phase 125 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-26Active, not recruiting
Haploidentical Transplant for Patients With Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) Using Alemtuzumab, Busulfan and TBI With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide [NCT03910452]Early Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-28Recruiting
Treatment Protocol for Relapsed Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of Childhood and Adolescence [NCT00317408]96 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-04-30Active, not recruiting
Sirolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil as GVHD Prophylaxis in Myeloablative, Matched Related Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation [NCT00350181]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
Conditioning For Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation With Fludarabine Plus Targeted IV Busulfan and GVHD Prophylaxis With Thymoglobulin, Tacrolimus and Methotrexate in Patients With Myeloid Malignancies [NCT00346359]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
Lenalidomide Combined With Vorinostat/Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan With Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the ABC Subtype [NCT02589145]Phase 1/Phase 28 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-22Terminated(stopped due to Closed due to very slow accrual)
AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN SECOND REMISSION: A PHASE II STUDY [NCT00002768]Phase 251 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-06-30Completed
Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation for Patients With Malignant and Non-Malignant Disorders [NCT00801931]Phase 1/Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-06Terminated(stopped due to Poor accrual)
Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation Using Histocompatible Sibling-Matched Donor Cells After High-Dose Busulfan/Cyclophosphamide as Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00003116]Phase 266 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-05-31Completed
A PHASE III STUDY IN CHILDREN WITH UNTREATED ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (AML) OR MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (MDS) [NCT00002798]Phase 3880 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-08-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Melphalan Followed by Autologous or Syngeneic Marrow or Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Multiple Myeloma [NCT00003146]Phase 20 participants Interventional1997-11-30Completed
INDUCTION WITH ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID IN COMBINATION WITH IDARUBICIN AND INTENSIVE CONSOLIDATION FOLLOWED BY BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION OR A RANDOMIZED MAINTENANCE TREATMENT DEPENDING UPON THE AMOUNT OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LE [NCT00002701]Phase 3750 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1995-10-31Active, not recruiting
CAMP-010: PHASE I/II STUDY OF IN VIVO PURGING FOLLOWED BY HIGH DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY, AUTOLOGOUS HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL INFUSION AND IMMUNOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA [NCT00002761]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-02-29Withdrawn(stopped due to PI left institution)
A Pilot Study of Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Adults and Children With Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes or Inherited Metabolic or Hematologic Diseases [NCT00003662]Phase 290 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-08-31Completed
A Phase I Study of the Chemoprotectant Amifostine With Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for High Risk or Relapsed Pediatric Solid Tumors and Brain Tumors [NCT00003926]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Withdrawn due to slow accrual)
A Randomized Phase III Study to Assess Intensification of the Conditioning Regimen for Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation (ALLO-SCT) for Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome With a High Risk of Relapse [NCT00002989]Phase 3207 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-03-31Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study of Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Children and Adults With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00003661]Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-06-30Completed
A Multicenter Study of Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood as an Alternate Source of Stem Cells for Transplantation [NCT00003913]Phase 2390 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-12-31Completed
T-Cell Depletion for Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) Prevention in High Risk Matched and Mismatched Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation [NCT00005641]Phase 20 participants Interventional1997-09-30Terminated(stopped due to low study accrual)
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies: A Treatment Approach Based on Risk of Relapse and Toxicity [NCT00005797]Phase 2125 participants (Actual)Interventional1993-03-31Completed
Transplantation of Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies [NCT00281879]Phase 2200 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-02-28Terminated
RANDOMIZED PHASE III STUDY OF INDUCTION (ICE VS MICE VS DCE) AND INTENSIVE CONSOLIDATION (IDIA VS NOVIA VS DIA) FOLLOWED BY BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: AML 10 PROTOCOL [NCT00002549]Phase 31,520 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1993-11-30Active, not recruiting
PROSPECTIVE CONTROLLED STUDY FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF THERAPY IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML): MULTICENTRIC STUDY FOR THE EVALUATION OF INTERFERON ALPHA VS ALLOGENIC BM TRANSPLANTATION WITH CHEMOTHERAPY IN CML [NCT00002771]Phase 3750 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1995-01-31Active, not recruiting
A PHASE III RANDOMIZED STUDY COMPARING G-CSF MOBILIZED PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELLS WITH MARROW AS THE SOURCE OF STEM CELLS FOR ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTS FROM HLA IDENTICAL, RELATED DONORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA [NCT00002789]Phase 3100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1996-05-31Completed
Randomized Trial of Busulfan or Total Body Irradiation Conditioning Regimens for Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT00002961]Phase 343 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-10-31Terminated(stopped due to poor accrual)
A Phase I Trial of Busulfan, Thiotepa and Melphalan Followed by Autologous or Syngeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation and Followed by Total Marrow (Skeletal) Irradiation (TMI) in Patients With High-Risk Ewing's Sarcoma, PNET or Rhabdomyosarco [NCT00003081]Phase 116 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-03-31Completed
Gemcitabine/Clofarabine/Busulfan and Allogeneic Transplantation for Aggressive Lymphomas [NCT01701986]Phase 1/Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-10-25Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Study of Total Marrow Irradiation, Busulfan, and Alpha-Interferon Followed by Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell or Marrow Transplantation for Treatment of Patients With Advanced Multiple Myeloma. [NCT00003195]Phase 20 participants Interventional1997-12-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of Intensive Chemotherapy and Autotransplantation for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [NCT00588523]Phase 260 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-09-30Completed
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Non-M3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in First Remission in Patients NCT00534469]Phase 260 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-02-08Active, not recruiting
G-CSF+DAC+BUCY vs. G-CSF+DAC+BF Conditioning Regimen for Patients With High-risk MDS Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT05453552]Phase 2/Phase 3242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-01Recruiting
A Calcineurin Inhibitor-Free GVHD Prevention Regimen After Related Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03018223]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-31Completed
G-CSF+DAC+BUCY vs. G-CSF+DAC+BF Conditioning Regimen for Patients With RAEB-1, RAEB-2 and AML Secondary to MDS Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT04713956]Phase 2/Phase 3242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-01-15Recruiting
Alkylator-Intense Conditioning Followed by Autologous Transplantation for Patients With High Risk or Relapsed Solid or CNS Tumors [NCT01505569]20 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-10-20Recruiting
A Multi-center Phase III Study Comparing Myeloablative to Nonmyeloablative Transplant Conditioning in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [NCT00322101]Phase 325 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
Reduced Toxicity Conditioning Prior to Unrelated Cord Cell Transplantation for High Risk Myeloid Malignancies [NCT02333838]Phase 231 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-31Active, not recruiting
Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies and Selected Solid Tumors [NCT00536601]174 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-29Completed
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation as Initial Salvage Therapy for Patients With Primary Induction Failure Acute Myeloid Leukemia Refractory to High-Dose Cytarabine-Based Induction Chemotherapy [NCT02441803]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-14Active, not recruiting
A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Active-Comparator-Controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Bomedemstat (MK-3543/IMG-7289) Versus Best Available Therapy (BAT) in Participants With Essential Thrombocythemia Who Have an Inadequate [NCT06079879]Phase 3300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-27Not yet recruiting
FLUCLORIC: Randomized Multicentric Phase III Study Comparing the Efficacy of 2 Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimens (Clofarabine/Busulfan vs Fludarabine/Busulfan) in Adults With AML and Eligible to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT05917405]Phase 2302 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-14Recruiting
A Phase I/II Study of High-Dose Deoxyazacytidine, Busulfan, and Cyclophosphamide With Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00002831]Phase 1/Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-08-01Completed
PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED STUDY TO COMPARE INTERFERON-ALPHA-n1 (WELLFERON) VS 'IDAC' CHEMOTHERAPY AND AUTOGRAFTING FOLLOWED BY INTERFERON ALPHA-n1 (WELLFERON) IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED CHRONIC PHASE CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA [NCT00002868]Phase 3744 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-11-20Completed
A Phase II Study of High-Dose Intravenous Busulfan and Fludarabine With Allogeneic Marrow and Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes [NCT00502905]Phase 2200 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-10-31Completed
Once Daily Intravenous Busulfex as Part of Reduced-toxicity Conditioning for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation - A Multicenter Phase II Study [NCT01203020]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-12Completed
High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy With Stem Cell Allogeneic Cellular Rescue in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancy - A Phase I/II Study [NCT00004907]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-10-31Completed
CNCT19 Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma [NCT04690192]Phase 1/Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-01-01Recruiting
A Randomized Phase II Study of Treosulfan, Fludarabine and Low-Dose TBI as Conditioning for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) or Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) [NCT01894477]Phase 2102 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Study on the Efficacy and Safety of MA-BUCY2 Protocol in the Conditioning of Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With High-risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia [NCT05814731]264 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-04-15Not yet recruiting
ADA Gene Transfer Into Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells for the Treatment of ADA-SCID [NCT00598481]Phase 212 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-10-02Completed
A Pilot Feasibility Study of Gene Transfer for X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Newly Diagnosed Infants Using a Self-Inactivating Lentiviral Vector to Transduce Autologous CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells [NCT01512888]Phase 1/Phase 228 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-08-17Suspended(stopped due to voluntary hold)
Cyclophosphamide Followed by Intravenous Busulfan as Conditioning for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Myelofibrosis, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, or Myelodysplastic Syndrome. [NCT00445744]52 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
An Adaptive Phase I/II Study of the Safety of CD4+ T Lymphocytes and CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Transduced With LVsh5/C46, a Dual Anti-HIV Gene Transfer Construct, With and Without Conditioning With Busulfan in HIV-1 Infected Adults Previou [NCT01734850]Phase 1/Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
A Phase II Randomized Study to Assess Outcomes With Treosulfan-Based Versus Clofarabine-Based Conditioning in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Excess Blasts (MDS-EB), or Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Tra [NCT04994808]Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-11Recruiting
Neuroblastoma Protocol 2012: Therapy for Children With Advanced Stage High-Risk Neuroblastoma [NCT01857934]Phase 2153 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-05Active, not recruiting
Lentiviral Gene Transfer for Treatment of Children Older Than 2 Years of Age With X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency [NCT03315078]Phase 1/Phase 213 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-04-30Recruiting
Allogeneic Blood or Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancy and Aplastic Anemia [NCT00003816]Phase 2/Phase 3361 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-10-19Completed
A Clinical Study of Low-dose Total Body Irradiation and Fludarabine/Busulfan/Melphalan as a Conditioning Regimen for Secondary Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Patients With Hematological Malignancies Who Relapsed After Allo-HSCT [NCT06125483]38 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-01Recruiting
Haploidentical Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT02660281]Phase 174 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of CD34+ Enriched Transplants From HLA-Compatible Related or Unrelated Donors for Treatment of Patients With Leukemia or Lymphoma [NCT05565105]Phase 2100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-03-31Not yet recruiting
Cord Blood Transplantation in Children and Young Adults With Hematologic Malignancies and Non-malignant Disorders [NCT04644016]Phase 231 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-20Recruiting
A Phase II Trial of Intensive Chemotherapy and Autotransplantation for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [NCT00003101]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-08-31Completed
A Pilot Study of Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Patients With High Risk Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00003335]Phase 244 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-01-31Completed
Haplocompatible Transplant Using TCRα/β Depletion Followed by CD45RA-Depleted Donor Lymphocyte Infusions for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) [NCT03597594]Phase 1/Phase 24 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-09-02Active, not recruiting
PRO#1278: A Phase III Study of Fludarabine and Busulfan Versus Fludarabine, Busulfan and Low Dose Total Body Irradiation in Patients Receiving an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant [NCT01366612]Phase 353 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-06-16Terminated(stopped due to Lack of Accrual)
A Pilot Study of Whole-body MRI-guided Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Combined With Systemic Chemotherapy Followed by High-Dose Chemotherapy With Busulfan, Melphalan and Topotecan and Stem Cell Rescue in Patients With Poor Risk Ewing's Sarcoma [NCT01795430]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Withdrawn(stopped due to No participants enrolled.)
Phase I/II, Historical Controlled, Open-label, Non-randomised, Single-centre Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of EF1αS-ADA Lentiviral Vector Mediated Gene Modification of Autologous CD34+ Cells From ADA-deficient Individuals [NCT01380990]Phase 1/Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-15Completed
Phase II Trial of Pentostatin and Targeted Busulfan as a Novel Reduced Intensity Regimen for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Using Laboratory-Guided (CD4-guided) Immunosuppression. [NCT00496340]Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-07-31Completed
Busulfan, Fludarabine, Donor Stem Cell Transplant, and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Participants With Multiple Myeloma or Myelofibrosis [NCT03303950]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-30Terminated(stopped due to Slow accrual)
Treatment of Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation [NCT00668564]Phase 218 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Terminated(stopped due to Replaced by another study)
Unrelated or Partially Matched Allogeneic Donor Stem Cells for Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [NCT00612716]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-10-06Completed
Pediatric Blood & Marrow Transplant Consortium (PBMTC) Phase II Myeloablative Haploidentical BMT With Post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Pediatric Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT02120157]Phase 235 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-02Completed
Fludarabine Based Conditioning for Allogeneic Transplantation for Advanced Hematologic Malignancies [NCT01499147]100 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-02-29Completed
A Pilot Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Multiplexed shRNA-modified CD34+ Cells in HIV-infected Patients. [NCT03517631]Phase 16 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-02-27Recruiting
Clofarabine Pre-conditioning Followed by Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Non-remission Acute Myeloid Leukemia [NCT04002115]Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-06-03Terminated(stopped due to terminated due to low accrual)
Safety and Feasibility of Gene Transfer After Frontline Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in AIDS Patients Using Peripheral Blood Stem/Progenitor Cells Treated With a Lentivirus Vector-Encoding Multiple Anti-HIV RNAs [NCT01961063]Phase 13 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-12-31Active, not recruiting
Itacitinib to Prevent Graft Versus Host Disease [NCT04127721]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-09-22Withdrawn(stopped due to 0 ACTUAL Enrollment must have Overall Recruitment Status)
Study With High Doses of Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Consolidation Therapy With Ciclofosfamide and Anticyclooxygenase 2, for the Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma [NCT02727387]Phase 2155 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-01Completed
Pre-Transplant Immunosuppression and Related Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Patients With Severe Hemoglobinopathies [NCT04776850]Early Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-12-29Withdrawn(stopped due to Competing protocol opened in Adult SCT that will include pediatric patients and is now multi-center. No patients enrolled on study.)
Autologous Transplantation of Bone Marrow CD34+ Stem/Progenitor Cells After Addition of a Normal Human ADA Complementary DNA (cDNA) by the EFS-ADA Lentiviral Vector for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Due to Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (ADA-SCID) [NCT01852071]Phase 1/Phase 246 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-08-02Completed
Cord Blood Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies and Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes [NCT00003270]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-09-04Completed
PRESERVE: A Multi-Center Trial Using Banked, Cryopreserved HLA-Mismatched Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow and Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide in Allogeneic Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies [NCT05170828]Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-09-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Change in Study Design)
Adoptive Transfer of NY-ESO-1 TCR Engineered Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC) After a Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen, With Administration of Interleukin-2, in Patients With Advanced Malignancies [NCT03240861]Phase 15 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-26Terminated(stopped due to slow accrual)
Decitabine+Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide vs Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Regimen for Mixed-lineage-leukemia (MLL)-Rearranged Acute Leukemia Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03596892]Phase 2/Phase 3122 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-07-31Recruiting
Autologous Transplant as Treatment for Favorable or Intermediate Risk MRD-Negative AML Patients After Initial Induction Therapy [NCT03515707]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-07-10Withdrawn(stopped due to PI recommended closure)
A Phase II Trial of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Patients With Fanconi Anemia Lacking a Genotypically Identical Donor, Using a Chemotherapy Only Cytoreduction With Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine [NCT01071239]Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in the Chronic Phase or Multiple Myeloma [NCT00004181]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-10-31Completed
High-Risk Neuroblastoma Study 2 of SIOP-Europa-Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) [NCT04221035]Phase 3800 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-11-05Recruiting
Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen for Elderly or High Comorbidity Burden Patients Receiving Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03412409]Phase 250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-02-01Recruiting
Phase I/II Study of Sorafenib Added to Busulfan and Fludarabine Conditioning Regimen in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory AML Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03247088]Phase 1/Phase 274 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-07-30Recruiting
A Phase I/II Non-Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for the Treatment of Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Using Busulfan, Fludarabine and Total Body Irradiation [NCT00245037]Phase 1/Phase 2147 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
A Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Two Different Conditioning Regimens Prior to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) for Children With Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) [NCT01824693]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-24Completed
Phase I/II Study of Intravenous (IV) Busulfan and Etoposide (VP-16) Combined With Escalated Doses of Large Field Image-Guided Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Using Helical Tomotherapy as a Preparative Regimen for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem [NCT00540995]Phase 1/Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-11Terminated(stopped due to Unable to safely escalate to TMLI doses that were hypothesized to be effective and less toxic than FTBI. Likely due to the giving of Busulfan prior to radiation delivery. Therefore, the study was abandoned and no further patients were accrued.)
A Pilot Study of Condensed Busulfan, Melphalan, and Fludarabine Conditioning Prior to Ex-vivo CD34+ Selected Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation [NCT04098393]Phase 145 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-09-18Recruiting
Azacitidine/Vorinostat/GemBuMel With Autologous Stem-Cell Transplant (SCT) in Patients With Refractory Lymphomas [NCT01983969]Phase 1/Phase 261 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-07Completed
Decitabine Followed by Bone Marrow Transplant and High-Dose Cyclophosphamide for the Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myeloid Neoplasms [NCT01707004]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-16Completed
Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant for Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia (ANLL) [NCT00630565]Phase 2/Phase 311 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-26Terminated(stopped due to Slow Accrual)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00003199 (3) [back to overview]Event-free Survival
NCT00003199 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00003199 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Toxicity of a Combination of Low-dose IL-2 and GM-CSF
NCT00003270 (1) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT00003816 (4) [back to overview]4 Year PFS
NCT00003816 (4) [back to overview]Toxicity/TRM at Day 100
NCT00003816 (4) [back to overview]CR Rate
NCT00003816 (4) [back to overview]4 yr OS
NCT00003875 (4) [back to overview]Toxicity Associated With High-dose Busulfan and Etoposide Followed by Stem Cell Rescue
NCT00003875 (4) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Who Relapsed Associated With the Regimen
NCT00003875 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival of Patients on Busulfan and Etoposide Followed by Stem Cell Rescue and Aldesleukin
NCT00003875 (4) [back to overview]Toxicity Associated With Aldesleukin Treatment After Stem Cell Rescue
NCT00004088 (2) [back to overview]Three-year Overall Survival
NCT00004088 (2) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT00049517 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (Induction Phase)
NCT00049517 (3) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (Consolidation Phase)
NCT00049517 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (Consolidation Phase)
NCT00054327 (5) [back to overview]Rates of Durable Engraftment
NCT00054327 (5) [back to overview]Toxicity as Measured by CTC v2.0
NCT00054327 (5) [back to overview]Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00054327 (5) [back to overview]Incidence of Recurrent Disease
NCT00054327 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Overall Survival at 2 Years.
NCT00070135 (3) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality (NRM)
NCT00070135 (3) [back to overview]2 Year Disease Free Survival In Unrelated Donor Recipient Group
NCT00070135 (3) [back to overview]2 Year DFS for All Patients
NCT00134017 (5) [back to overview]Relapse
NCT00134017 (5) [back to overview]Chimerism
NCT00134017 (5) [back to overview]Days to Engraftment
NCT00134017 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Develop Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00134017 (5) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality
NCT00153985 (3) [back to overview]Solid Organ Toxicity Related to the Conditioning Regimen.
NCT00153985 (3) [back to overview]Stable Engraftment With Donor Stem Cells in Patients With Severe Hemoglobinopathy.
NCT00153985 (3) [back to overview]The Incidence of Grade II-IV Acute Graft vs. Host Disease.
NCT00176826 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients Surviving (Disease-free)
NCT00176826 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Treatment Related Mortality.
NCT00176826 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients With III-IV Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00176826 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Graft Failure
NCT00176826 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade II-IV Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00176826 (7) [back to overview]Time to Transplant Engraftment
NCT00176826 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients Surviving (Disease-free)
NCT00176839 (6) [back to overview]Incidence Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00176839 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of Relapse
NCT00176839 (6) [back to overview]Probability of Engraftment
NCT00176839 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00176839 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of Regimen-related Toxicity 100 Days Post Transplant
NCT00176839 (6) [back to overview]Probability of Long-term Disease-free Survival (DFS)
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]The Incidence of Chimerism at 6 Months
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]Change in the Patient's Quality of Life as Compared to the Pre-Transplant Assessment
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]The Incidence of Chimerism at 100 Days
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]The Incidence of Chimerism at 1 Year
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]The Incidence of Grade 3-4 Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (Acute GVHD)
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]The Incidence of Grade 2-4 Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (Acute GVHD)
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]The Incidence of Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (Chronic GVHD)
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]Change in the Patient's Quality of Life as Compared to the Pre-Transplant Assessment
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]Change in the Patient's Quality of Life as Compared to the Pre-Transplant Assessment
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3-5 Treatment Related Toxicity
NCT00176852 (15) [back to overview]The Incidence of Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (Chronic GVHD)
NCT00176878 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Succcessful Engraftment After Transplantation
NCT00176878 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Disease Recurrence
NCT00176878 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease
NCT00176878 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients Alive (Survival) at 2 Years
NCT00176878 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade 2-4 Acute Graft Versus Host Disease
NCT00176878 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients Alive at Three Years (Survival)
NCT00176904 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT00176904 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade II-IV Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT00176904 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade III-IV Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT00176904 (5) [back to overview]Overall Donor Engraftment
NCT00176904 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00176917 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Failed Engraftment.
NCT00176917 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Surviving on Study
NCT00176917 (4) [back to overview]Mean Percentage of Donor Cells in Study Population (Chimerism).
NCT00176917 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade III-IV Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (aGVHD).
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Persistence or Relapse of Malignancy at 5 Years Post Transplant
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Persistence or Relapse of Malignancy at 2 Years Post Transplant
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neutrophil Engraftment
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Were Alive at 5 Year Post Transplant
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Were Alive at 2 Year Post Transplant
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Engraftment Failure
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Disease-Free Survival at 5 Years Post Transplant
NCT00176930 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Disease-Free Survival at 2 Years Post Transplant
NCT00238433 (2) [back to overview]Disease-Free Survival
NCT00238433 (2) [back to overview]Therapy-Related Toxicities
NCT00245037 (7) [back to overview]Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) Outcome
NCT00245037 (7) [back to overview]Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD) Outcome
NCT00245037 (7) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality
NCT00245037 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00245037 (7) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival
NCT00245037 (7) [back to overview]Relapse Mortality
NCT00245037 (7) [back to overview]Regimen-Related Toxicities
NCT00258427 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT00258427 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT00258427 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT00258427 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Major Infections
NCT00258427 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Overall Survival
NCT00258427 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Relapse
NCT00258427 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Graft Failure
NCT00258427 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT00265889 (3) [back to overview]Response Rate
NCT00265889 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT00265889 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients That Experience Pulmonary Toxicity
NCT00282282 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With ≥90 Percent Donor-derived Hematopoeisis Around 100 Days Post Transplantation
NCT00282282 (3) [back to overview]Disease Response.
NCT00282282 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Grade II-IV Acute GVHD (aGVHD) Developing by Day 100 Following Non-myeloablative PBSC Transplantation Using Tacrolimus and Sirolimus.
NCT00301834 (5) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival With Correction of Disease at One Year Post Transplantation
NCT00301834 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Durable Engraftment (Presence of Donor Cells) at 6 Weeks Post Transplantation
NCT00301834 (5) [back to overview]Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viral Infection and Disease Symptoms
NCT00301834 (5) [back to overview]Toxicity Grade ≥ 3 From Start of Conditioning Through the First Year Post Transplantation
NCT00301834 (5) [back to overview]Treatment-related Mortality at 100 Days and 1 Year Post Transplantation
NCT00322101 (6) [back to overview]Donor Cell Engraftment
NCT00322101 (6) [back to overview]Incidence and Severity of Acute and Chronic Graft-vs-host Disease
NCT00322101 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of Disease Progression/Relapse
NCT00322101 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00322101 (6) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT00322101 (6) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality
NCT00357396 (1) [back to overview]Overall Objective Response
NCT00361140 (2) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality
NCT00361140 (2) [back to overview]Severe Venous Occlusive Disease (VOD)/ Sinusoidal Obstructive Syndrome (SOS)
NCT00363467 (5) [back to overview]1 Year Event-free Survival
NCT00363467 (5) [back to overview]1 Year Overall Survival
NCT00363467 (5) [back to overview]100-day Non-relapse Mortality
NCT00363467 (5) [back to overview]Severe Regimen-related Toxicity
NCT00363467 (5) [back to overview]Successful Autologous Stem Cell Collection
NCT00416598 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Completed Maintenance Decitabine.
NCT00416598 (2) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS) Rate at 1 Year
NCT00426517 (8) [back to overview]Days to Absolute Neutrophil Recovery (ANC)
NCT00426517 (8) [back to overview]Participants With Established Stable Mixed Chimerism
NCT00426517 (8) [back to overview]Stem Cell Transplant Engraftment
NCT00426517 (8) [back to overview]Engraftment Without Development of GVHD
NCT00426517 (8) [back to overview]Incidence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Disease
NCT00426517 (8) [back to overview]Number of RBC Transfusions Per Subject
NCT00426517 (8) [back to overview]Days to Platelet Recovery
NCT00426517 (8) [back to overview]Days to CD3 Count Greater Than 100 u/L
NCT00427661 (3) [back to overview]Development of GVHD Within 1 Year of BMT
NCT00427661 (3) [back to overview]Engraftment at 1 Year Post BMT.
NCT00427661 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Grade 2-4 Acute GVHD.
NCT00427765 (1) [back to overview]Average Overall Survival Time
NCT00445744 (2) [back to overview]Effectiveness of Cyclophosphamide/Busulfan Regimen in Reducing Regimen-related Liver Toxicity
NCT00445744 (2) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality (NRM) (Patients With AML/MDS)
NCT00448201 (4) [back to overview]5-year Disease-free Survival
NCT00448201 (4) [back to overview]Treatment-related Mortality
NCT00448201 (4) [back to overview]Complete or Mixed Donor Chimerism at 30, 60, and 90 Days Post-transplant
NCT00448201 (4) [back to overview]Graft-vs-host Disease at 6 Months Post-transplant
NCT00448357 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of Graft vs Host Disease in Patients Between One Month and Two Years Post Transplant
NCT00448357 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
NCT00448357 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00448357 (6) [back to overview]Capacity of Test Dosing of Busulfan That Would Result in the Desired Area Under the Curve Concentration Exposure of Patients Receiving a Full-dose Busulfan Regimen
NCT00448357 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of DNA Chimerism in Patients Between One Month Post Transplant
NCT00448357 (6) [back to overview]Three-year Relapse-free Survival (RFS) Rate at the Maximum Tolerated Dose Identified During Phase I of the Trial (Target AUC 6912)
NCT00469014 (1) [back to overview]Treatment Related Mortality
NCT00469144 (2) [back to overview]3 Year Progression Free Survival
NCT00469144 (2) [back to overview]Treatment-related Mortality (TRM)
NCT00475020 (2) [back to overview]Efficacy of This Therapy 3 Years Post-transplant
NCT00475020 (2) [back to overview]Rate of Non-relapse Mortality at 100 Days Post-transplant
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Neutrophil Engraftment
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Transplant-Related Mortality
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Resistance to Blister Formation
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Platelet Engraftment
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Detectable Collagen Type VII
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD)
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Donor Derived Cells in Skin
NCT00478244 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With >70% Donor Chimerism
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Incidence of Greater Than or Equal to 50% Donor Chimerism
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Hematopoietic Cell Engraftment
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Rate of T-cell (CD3+) and Myeloid (CD33+) Chimerism by Day +28
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Time to Incidence of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Incidence of Infections
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality Rate (NRM)
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Rate of T-cell (CD3+) and Myeloid (CD33+) Chimerism by Day +100
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00496340 (10) [back to overview]Incidence of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00499889 (3) [back to overview]Participants' With mCR Response to Post Transplant DLI
NCT00499889 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants in Complete Molecular Remission at 1 Year
NCT00499889 (3) [back to overview]Participants' With mCR Response to Post Transplant Imatinib Mesylate Therapy
NCT00502905 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Successful Engraftment
NCT00506857 (2) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)
NCT00506857 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00513474 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participant With Adverse Events (AE)
NCT00513474 (3) [back to overview]Uric Acid Levels
NCT00513474 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Grades II to IV Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (aGVHD)
NCT00534430 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival Comparing Diagnosis Groups
NCT00534430 (4) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Relapse With Transplant-related Death as the Competing Risk: Diagnosis Groups Are Compared.
NCT00534430 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 5 Years Post-Transplant.
NCT00534430 (4) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival at Five Years Post-transplant
NCT00534469 (2) [back to overview]Disease-Free Survival at 2-Year Post-Transplant
NCT00534469 (2) [back to overview]Disease-Free Survival at 2-Year Post-Transplant by Cytogenetic Risk
NCT00536601 (8) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)
NCT00536601 (8) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)
NCT00536601 (8) [back to overview]Response Rate (Complete Remission)
NCT00536601 (8) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)
NCT00536601 (8) [back to overview]Regimen-related Toxicity Grade 2-4 in Any Organ (Measured by Bearman Score, Values Range From 0 (None) to 4 (Fatal))
NCT00536601 (8) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)
NCT00536601 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival, Presented as the Estimate at 10-yrs (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)
NCT00536601 (8) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)
NCT00540995 (1) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy (Phase I)
NCT00544115 (2) [back to overview]Two-year Overall Survival
NCT00544115 (2) [back to overview]Neutrophil Engraftment - The Days Till ANC Recovery
NCT00547196 (2) [back to overview]Survival Rate at Day 100 After Allogeneic Transplant From Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB)
NCT00547196 (2) [back to overview]Survival Rate at Day 180 After Allogeneic Transplant From Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB)
NCT00553202 (2) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of NK Cell Reconstitution
NCT00553202 (2) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00555048 (7) [back to overview]Lowest Dose of Alemtuzumab Associated With Transplant-related Mortality
NCT00555048 (7) [back to overview]Disease Relapse
NCT00555048 (7) [back to overview]Extensive Chronic GVHD
NCT00555048 (7) [back to overview]Grades III-IV Acute Graft-vs-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00555048 (7) [back to overview]Graft Failure
NCT00555048 (7) [back to overview]Life-threatening Infection
NCT00555048 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00556452 (4) [back to overview]Regimen Related Toxicities
NCT00556452 (4) [back to overview]Two-year Overall Survival for All Cases.
NCT00556452 (4) [back to overview]One-year Overall Survival Rate for AML
NCT00556452 (4) [back to overview]Five Year Overall Survival for All Cases
NCT00578292 (8) [back to overview]Engraftment Rate After Transplant
NCT00578292 (8) [back to overview]Immune Reconstitution
NCT00578292 (8) [back to overview]Hematopoietic Reconstitution
NCT00578292 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Stable Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism (HC)
NCT00578292 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With CHRONIC GVHD
NCT00578292 (8) [back to overview]Event-free Survival
NCT00578292 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Infectious Complications
NCT00578292 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Transient Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism (HC)
NCT00578344 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Immune Response to Immunization After BMT in Participants With SCD, Hemoglobin SC, or Hemoglobin Sb0/+.
NCT00578344 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants Evaluated for Evidence of Recovery of Organ Function Measured Via MRI or PET Scan.
NCT00578643 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients That Have Complete Donor Chimerism After Transplant.
NCT00578643 (2) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Engraftment
NCT00579111 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Successful Donor Engraftment
NCT00579111 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Treatment Related Grade III or IV Non-hematological Toxicity
NCT00582894 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Engraftment Donor Chimerism (EDC)
NCT00582894 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Transplant Related Mortality (TRM)
NCT00582894 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Overall Survival as a Function of Time.
NCT00582894 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Relapse-Free
NCT00582933 (1) [back to overview]Death From GVHD
NCT00588523 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants Evaluated for Toxicities
NCT00588523 (2) [back to overview]Progession Free Survival
NCT00598481 (3) [back to overview]CD3+ Cell Counts
NCT00598481 (3) [back to overview]Rate of Severe Infections
NCT00598481 (3) [back to overview]Survival
NCT00611351 (4) [back to overview]Transplantation-related Mortality at 100 Days Post-transplantation
NCT00611351 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00611351 (4) [back to overview]Incidence of Grade II-IV Acute Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD)
NCT00611351 (4) [back to overview]Event-free Survival
NCT00612716 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Relapse of Malignancy
NCT00612716 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Platelet Engraftment
NCT00612716 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Persistence Disease
NCT00612716 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neutrophil Engraftment
NCT00612716 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grade 3-4 Acute Graft-versus-host Disease
NCT00612716 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Engraftment Failure
NCT00612716 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With 2 Year Overall Survival
NCT00612716 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With 1 Year Overall Survival
NCT00612716 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With of Chronic GVHD.
NCT00615589 (5) [back to overview]The Percentage of Patients Alive 1 Year Post Transplant
NCT00615589 (5) [back to overview]The Percentage of Patients Free From Progression at 1 Year
NCT00615589 (5) [back to overview]Non Relapse Mortality (NRM) at 1 Year and 3 yearsThe Percentage of Deaths Not Attributable to Disease Relapse or Progression
NCT00615589 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Treatment Related Mortality (TRM)
NCT00615589 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Acute and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00619645 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Day 100 Transplant-related Mortality
NCT00619645 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients Alive 24 Months Post Day 100 Transplant
NCT00623935 (2) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Relapse Free Survival at 1 Year
NCT00623935 (2) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Alive at 1 Year
NCT00638820 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Transplant Related Toxicity
NCT00638820 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Transplant Related Death
NCT00638820 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients Achieving Donor Cell Engraftment
NCT00668564 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients Achieving Engraftment
NCT00668564 (2) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00691015 (8) [back to overview]Incidence of Infections, Including Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Infections (i.e., CMV and EBV Reactivation, Including Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders)
NCT00691015 (8) [back to overview]Incidence of Chronic GVHD.
NCT00691015 (8) [back to overview]Incidence of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00691015 (8) [back to overview]Safety, as Defined by Serious Adverse Events and Adverse Events Related to Study Treatment.
NCT00691015 (8) [back to overview]Severity of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00691015 (8) [back to overview]Time to Engraftment (i.e., Absolute Neutrophil Recovery [ANC > 500/mm³] )
NCT00691015 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival.
NCT00691015 (8) [back to overview]Karnofsky Performance Status Performance Status
NCT00775931 (4) [back to overview]Transplant Related Toxicity
NCT00775931 (4) [back to overview]Transplant Related Mortality at 100 Days
NCT00775931 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Achieved Donor Cell Engraftment
NCT00775931 (4) [back to overview]Incidence of Grade II - IV Acute Graft-versus-host Disease
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality at Day 100 After Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT)
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Experienced Severe Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)(Grade 3 or 4)
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 12 Months
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Overall Survival at Day 100
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Achievement of >90% (Full) Donor Chimerism in the T-Cell Lineage as Measured by PCR at Day 30 Post-transplantation
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Achievement of >90% (Full) Donor Chimerism in the T-Cell Lineage as Measured by PCR at Day 60 Post-transplantation
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Achievement of >90% (Full) Donor Chimerism in the T-Cell Lineage as Measured by PCR at Day 90 Post-transplantation
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival at 12 Months
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival at Day 100
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Incidence of Graft Rejection for Patients at Day 100
NCT00782379 (11) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality at 1 Year After Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT)
NCT00787761 (8) [back to overview]T-cell and Myeloid Chimerism at Days 180 Post-transplantation (>90%)
NCT00787761 (8) [back to overview]T-cell and Myeloid Chimerism at Days 90 Post-transplantation (>90% Chimerism)
NCT00787761 (8) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS) at 24 Months
NCT00787761 (8) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Experience Severe (Grade 3 or 4) Acute Graft-versus-host Disease
NCT00787761 (8) [back to overview]Number of Patients Experiencing Extensive Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00787761 (8) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality (NRM) at Day 180 Post-transplantation
NCT00787761 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) at 24 Months
NCT00787761 (8) [back to overview]Achievement of > 90% (Full) Donor Chimerism in the T-cell Lineage as Measured by PCR at Day 30 Post-transplantation
NCT00795132 (3) [back to overview]Number of High Risk Pediatric Patients With Successful Sustained Donor Engraftments
NCT00795132 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Transplantation-related Mortality (TRM)
NCT00795132 (3) [back to overview]Two Year Overall Survival
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Incidence of Clinically Significant Infections
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Incidence of Acute or Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Duration (Days) Until Participants Obtained Platelet Engraftment
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants Surviving up to 2 Years Without Disease Progression
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]The Number of Participants Alive at Two-years Follow up.
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Non-relapse Mortality (NRM)
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Secondary Graft Failure
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Graft Failure/Rejection
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD) Grade II-IV by Day 100
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Incidence of Relapse or Disease Progression
NCT00796068 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants Surviving by 1 Year
NCT00796562 (6) [back to overview]Engraftment as Measured by Donor Chimerism
NCT00796562 (6) [back to overview]Survival
NCT00796562 (6) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality
NCT00796562 (6) [back to overview]Acute GVHD
NCT00796562 (6) [back to overview]Chronic GVHD
NCT00796562 (6) [back to overview]Relapse
NCT00800839 (6) [back to overview]2-year Progression-Free Survival
NCT00800839 (6) [back to overview]Day-100 Treatment-Related Mortality
NCT00800839 (6) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Grade III to IV Acute GVHD
NCT00800839 (6) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Grade II to IV Acute GVHD
NCT00800839 (6) [back to overview]2-year Overall Survival
NCT00800839 (6) [back to overview]Rate of Engraftment
NCT00802113 (7) [back to overview]Time to Platelet Engraftment
NCT00802113 (7) [back to overview]Total Number of Subjects That Experienced Transplant-related Mortality (TRM)
NCT00802113 (7) [back to overview]Total Number of Subjects With a Complete Response (CR) Following Myeloablative Conditioning (MAC) and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (AutoSCT)
NCT00802113 (7) [back to overview]Total Number of Subjects With Partial Response or Stable Disease Following MAC AutoSCT
NCT00802113 (7) [back to overview]Total Number of Subjects With Grade II-IV Acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GVHD)
NCT00802113 (7) [back to overview]Time to Neutrophil Engraftment
NCT00802113 (7) [back to overview]Total Number of Subjects With a Disease Relapse or Progression Following MAC AutoSCT
NCT00809276 (1) [back to overview]To Determine the Optimal Regimen of Post-graft Immunosuppression With High-dose Cy Following Fludarabine, Busulfan, and Transplantation of Fully HLA-matched Bone Marrow That Leads to an Acceptable Incidence of Grades III/IV Acute GVHD
NCT00813124 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Molecular Response
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Complete Donor Chimerism
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Neutrophil Recovery
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Number of Patients Requiring the Use of Donor Leukocyte Infusion (DLI) for Early Mixed T-cell Chimerism
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 1 Year
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Platelet Engraftment
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Survival at Day 100
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality at Day 100
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Number of Patients Experiencing Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Number of Patients Experiencing Grade 2-4 Acute Graft-versus-host Disease Post-transplant
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality at 1 Year Post-transplant
NCT00818961 (11) [back to overview]Number of Patients Experiencing Veno-occlusive Disease (VOD) Post-transplant
NCT00822770 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants Alive With no Disease Progression at Time of Allo Transplant
NCT00822770 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grade 4 Dose Limiting Toxicity to Determine Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) Plerixafor
NCT00822770 (3) [back to overview]Engraftment Response Rate: Number of Transplanted Participants With Complete Chimerism at Day 30
NCT00857389 (7) [back to overview]Relapse Rate of Participants Treated With Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Clofarabine
NCT00857389 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival Rate
NCT00857389 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events
NCT00857389 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Disease Free Survival
NCT00857389 (7) [back to overview]Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT00857389 (7) [back to overview]Engraftment
NCT00857389 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Survival Rate at 100 Days Post-transplant
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade II-IV Acute Graft-versus-host Disease
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Immune Reconstitution Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Disease Response at One Year Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Infections
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients With of Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Preliminary Efficacy
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Donor Chimerism CD3 at 100 Days Post Transplant
NCT00919503 (10) [back to overview]Donor Chimerism CD33 at Day 100 Post Transplant
NCT00941720 (3) [back to overview]Relapse-free Survival
NCT00941720 (3) [back to overview]Pulmonary Toxicity
NCT00941720 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00943319 (3) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose
NCT00943319 (3) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival
NCT00943319 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00943800 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Incidence of Acute (Grade II-IV) and Chronic Graft-vs-host Disease(GVHD)
NCT00943800 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival- Percentage of Participants Who Survived at 2 Years and 5 Years
NCT00943800 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Neutrophil Engraftment
NCT00948090 (4) [back to overview]Number of Transplant-related Death Events Until Day 100.
NCT00948090 (4) [back to overview]Number of Progression Events in 2 Years.
NCT00948090 (4) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate
NCT00948090 (4) [back to overview]Number of Death Events in 2 Years.
NCT00950846 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Chronic GvHD
NCT00950846 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 1 Year After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant in Pediatric Patients.
NCT00950846 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 100 Days After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant in Pediatric Patients.
NCT00950846 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 3 Years After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant in Pediatric Patients.
NCT00950846 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Donor Engraftment After Transplant.
NCT00950846 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of Severe Grade III-IV Acute GvHD at Day 100.
NCT00987480 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 3 Years
NCT00987480 (4) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival at 3 Years
NCT00987480 (4) [back to overview]The Incidence of Acute GvHD
NCT00987480 (4) [back to overview]The Incidence of Early Transplant Related Mortality
NCT00990249 (1) [back to overview]Treatment-Related Mortality (TRM) Defined as Non Relapse Mortality (NRM)
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Overall Disease Response at Month 6
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Ratio Area Under Curve (AUC)/Target AUC
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Transplant-Related Mortality
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Progression-free Survival Events
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Based on Baltimore Criteria
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Percent Difference Between Area Under Curve (AUC) and Target AUC
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Percent Change in IV Busulfan Dose
NCT01009840 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival Events
NCT01027000 (1) [back to overview]2-year Progression-free Survival in Early Disease Participants
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade 3 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Died Peri-Transplant
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade 4 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade 2 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade 0 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Donor Derived Engraftment
NCT01043640 (12) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Grade 1 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01044745 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grades II-IV Acute GVHD
NCT01044745 (4) [back to overview]Event-free Survival
NCT01044745 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01044745 (4) [back to overview]Transplant-related Mortality (TRM)
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Recurrence or Relapse
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Recurrence or Relapse
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Toxicity Related to UCB Transplantation and Cytoreduction as Assessed by CTC v3.0
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Incidence of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Hematologic Engraftment
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Disease Free
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Disease Free
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Incidence of Chronic GVHD
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Transplant Related Mortality
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Transplant Related Mortality
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Occurrence of Serious Infections
NCT01093586 (14) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01119066 (6) [back to overview]Survival and Disease-free Survival (DFS)
NCT01119066 (6) [back to overview]Survival and Disease-free Survival (DFS)
NCT01119066 (6) [back to overview]Survival and Disease-free Survival (DFS)
NCT01119066 (6) [back to overview]Incidence of Non-relapse Mortality (Transplant-related Mortality) Following Each Cytoreduction Regimen and a Transplant Fractionated by the CliniMACS System.
NCT01119066 (6) [back to overview]The Incidence of Durable Hematopoietic Engraftment for T-cell Depleted Transplants Fractionated by the CliniMACS System Administered After Each of the Four Disease Targeted Cytoreduction Regimens.
NCT01119066 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Acute and Chronic GVHD Following T-cell Depleted, CD34+ Progenitor Cell Enriched Transplants Fractionated by the CliniMACS System.
NCT01131169 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma With Progression-free (PFS)
NCT01131169 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Alive at 2 Years
NCT01135329 (1) [back to overview]Graft Failure
NCT01168219 (3) [back to overview]100-day Mortality
NCT01168219 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01168219 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT01175356 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of MIBG Avid Patients Treated With MIBG Labeled With Iodine-131 and Bu/Mel Chemotherapy
NCT01175356 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of MIBG Avid Patients Treated With Meta-iodobenxylguanide (MIBG) Labeled With Iodine-131
NCT01175356 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Unacceptable Toxicity and Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS), Assessed by Common Terminology Criteria (CTV)v.4.0 for Toxicity Assessment and Grading for I-MIBG
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Estimated Two Year Overall Survival Rate for Participants Undergoing Both Autologous and Allogeneic Transplants
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Estimated Two Year Overall Survival Rate for All Participants
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Grades II to IV Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Extensive Chronic Graft-versus-host-disease
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Disease Relapse
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Peripheral Blood All-cell Donor Chimerism
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Number of Days After Allogeneic Transplant Until Absolute Neutrophil Count Was Equal to or Greater Than 500/uL
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Estimated Two Year Progression Free Survival Rate for Participants Undergoing Only Autologous Transplant
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Estimated Two Year Overall Survival Rate for Participants Undergoing Only Autologous Transplant
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Estimated Two Year Progression Free Survival Rate for All Participants
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Non-relapse Mortality
NCT01181271 (12) [back to overview]Estimated Two Year Progression Free Survival Rate for Participants Undergoing Both Autologous and Allogeneic Transplants
NCT01200329 (2) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS) of Patients
NCT01200329 (2) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) of These Patients.
NCT01203020 (9) [back to overview]Non-Relapse Mortality (NRM) Following RTC Transplantation at 1 Year.
NCT01203020 (9) [back to overview]Non-Relapse Mortality (NRM) Following RTC Transplantation at 2 Years.
NCT01203020 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of 1 Year Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01203020 (9) [back to overview]Rates of Acute and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD).
NCT01203020 (9) [back to overview]Relapse Rate (RR) Following Transplantation at 2-year.
NCT01203020 (9) [back to overview]Relapse Rate (RR) Following Transplantation at 1-year.
NCT01203020 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of 2-year Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01203020 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of 2 Year Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01203020 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of 1-year Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01237951 (4) [back to overview]Participants Who Had Measurable Disease at Time of Transplant and Achieved a Stringent Complete Remission
NCT01237951 (4) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Dying From Treatment-Related Complications
NCT01237951 (4) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT01237951 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01247701 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Platelet Engraftment
NCT01247701 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neutrophil Engraftment
NCT01247701 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Relapse Rate After Transplant
NCT01247701 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Chronic GvHD
NCT01247701 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 100 Days, 1 Year, and 3 Years After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant in Pediatric Patients.
NCT01247701 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Donor Engraftment After Transplant.
NCT01247701 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severe Acute GVHD Grade III-IV
NCT01338987 (4) [back to overview]Number of Adverse Events Related to Study Drug Experienced by Participants After Second Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
NCT01338987 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0)
NCT01338987 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of B Cells at One Year Post-transplant in Participants Who Did/Did Not Receive Leuprolide Following Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
NCT01338987 (4) [back to overview]Time to Engraftment in First Transplant Recipients Only With Median Thoracic Spine Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) of 1.4 or Greater Than Those Patients With SUV's Less Than 1.4
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Donor Cell Engraftment
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Neutrophil and Platelet Engraftment
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Chronic GVHD
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment-related Mortality
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Secondary Graft Failure
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Primary Graft Failure
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Relapse-Free Survival (RFS)
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01339910 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Disease Relapse
NCT01366612 (1) [back to overview]To Compare the Relapse Rate at 1 Year of Patients With Myeloid Malignancies Receiving Each Treatment
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]Infection Rate
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]ADA Activity in Erythrocytes
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]VCN in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]OS of Subjects Treated With IMP With Those of Patients Treated With Allogeneic HSCT (3 Years)
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]Reduction in Deoxyadenosine Triphosphate (dATP) in Erythrocytes
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]VCN in CD19+ B Cells
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]VCN in CD3+ T Cells
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]Frequency of Vector Integration Into Known Protooncogenes (3 Years)
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]Vector Copy Number (VCN) in Granulocytes Fraction (Neutrophils)
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (3 Years)
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (1 Year)
NCT01380990 (14) [back to overview]EvFS of Subjects Treated With IMP With Those of Patients Treated With Allogeneic HSCT (3 Years)
NCT01390402 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Molecular Complete Remission at 3 Month Post Transplant
NCT01410344 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Recovering Hematologic Function
NCT01410344 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Relapse/Progression
NCT01410344 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01410344 (7) [back to overview]Chimerism
NCT01410344 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival
NCT01410344 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Non-Relapse Mortality
NCT01410344 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01413178 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR)
NCT01413178 (5) [back to overview]Treatment-Related Mortality (TRM) Between 2 Arms.
NCT01413178 (5) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01413178 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01413178 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Had Grade 3-4 Toxicities.
NCT01427881 (9) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality
NCT01427881 (9) [back to overview]Donor Engraftment
NCT01427881 (9) [back to overview]Chronic GVHD Requiring Systemic Immunosuppressive Treatment
NCT01427881 (9) [back to overview]Hematologic Recovery
NCT01427881 (9) [back to overview]Graft Failure
NCT01427881 (9) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival
NCT01427881 (9) [back to overview]Persistent or Recurrent Malignancy After HCT
NCT01427881 (9) [back to overview]Grades II-IV and III-IV Acute GVHD
NCT01427881 (9) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01457885 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Relapse
NCT01457885 (3) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Non Relapse Mortality (NRM)
NCT01457885 (3) [back to overview]The Percentage of Patients Alive at 1 Year
NCT01464359 (9) [back to overview]Duration of Survival
NCT01464359 (9) [back to overview]Duration of Survival
NCT01464359 (9) [back to overview]Transplant-Related Mortality
NCT01464359 (9) [back to overview]Incidence of Graft Failure
NCT01464359 (9) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival
NCT01464359 (9) [back to overview]Clinical Disease Response
NCT01464359 (9) [back to overview]Duration of Survival
NCT01464359 (9) [back to overview]Clinical Disease Response
NCT01464359 (9) [back to overview]Incidence of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT01471444 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) Post Transplant at 1, 3 and 5 Years
NCT01471444 (4) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01471444 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Non Relapse Mortality at 100 Day Post Transplant
NCT01471444 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants in the Study Who Are With no Grade 3 or 4 Acute Graft-versus-host Disease at Any Time During the First 100 Days Post Transplant.
NCT01499147 (4) [back to overview]Time to ANC and Platelet Engraftment
NCT01499147 (4) [back to overview]Participants With 100 Day Transplant-related Mortality.
NCT01499147 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Moderate to Severe (Grade 2-4) Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD).
NCT01499147 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Engraftment.
NCT01565616 (8) [back to overview]Transplant Related Outcomes
NCT01565616 (8) [back to overview]Event -Free Survival Rate
NCT01565616 (8) [back to overview]PROMIS-57 Scores Health Related Quality of Life
NCT01565616 (8) [back to overview]Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01565616 (8) [back to overview]Graft Failure
NCT01565616 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01565616 (8) [back to overview]Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01565616 (8) [back to overview]Time to Neutrophil and Platelet Engraftment
NCT01572662 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01572662 (3) [back to overview]Non-Relapse Mortality Rate (NRM)
NCT01572662 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01596699 (3) [back to overview]Mixed-donor Chimerism Rate of Patients With High-risk Myeloid Malignancies (Stratum B)
NCT01596699 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability
NCT01596699 (3) [back to overview]Engraftment Rate of Patients With Non-malignant Diseases (Stratum A)
NCT01605032 (5) [back to overview]Rate of Complete Response as Determined by the IMWG Criteria
NCT01605032 (5) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate
NCT01605032 (5) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT01605032 (5) [back to overview]Mortality
NCT01605032 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01621477 (7) [back to overview]Disease-Free Survival (DFS)
NCT01621477 (7) [back to overview]Event-Free Survival (EFS)
NCT01621477 (7) [back to overview]Incidence of Malignant Relapse
NCT01621477 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Transplant Related Mortality (TRM)
NCT01621477 (7) [back to overview]One-year Survival (OS)
NCT01621477 (7) [back to overview]Incidence and Severity of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01621477 (7) [back to overview]Incidence and Severity of Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT01629511 (3) [back to overview]100 Day Treatment Related Mortality (TRM)
NCT01629511 (3) [back to overview]Time-to-engraftment
NCT01629511 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01643668 (9) [back to overview]Donor Stem Cell Engraftment: Platelet Count
NCT01643668 (9) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence and Severity of Acute GVHD Within 100 Days Post Transplant
NCT01643668 (9) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Non-relapse Mortality
NCT01643668 (9) [back to overview]Progression-Free and Overall Survival
NCT01643668 (9) [back to overview]Assessment of Donor Stem Cell Engraftment: ANC Count
NCT01643668 (9) [back to overview]Infection-related Complications
NCT01643668 (9) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Chronic GVHD at One Year
NCT01643668 (9) [back to overview]Grade 3 or 4 Toxicities
NCT01643668 (9) [back to overview]Incidence of Hepatic Veno-occlusive Disease
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Count of Participants With Disease Free Survival
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Counts of Participants With Disease Free Survival
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participant Who Were Alive at 2 Years Post Transplant
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participant Who Were Alive at 5 Years Post Transplant
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Relapse
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Related Toxicity
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Engraftment Failure
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Count of Participants Who Achieved Neutrophil Engraftment
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Grade
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Related Toxicity
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Relapse
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participant Who Were Alive at 7 Years Post Transplant
NCT01685411 (15) [back to overview]Count of Participants With Disease Free Survival
NCT01707004 (8) [back to overview]Time to Neutrophil Recovery
NCT01707004 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Primary Graft Failure
NCT01707004 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01707004 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Platelet Recovery by Day 30
NCT01707004 (8) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival
NCT01707004 (8) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Chronic GVHD According to BMTCTN
NCT01707004 (8) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Grade III-IV Acute GVHD
NCT01707004 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Remission After Transplantation
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Cal-1 Marking in Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) (10-15 cm)
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With HIV-1 Tropism Shift
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Mean Cell Dose for CD4+ Cells (Ttn)
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Percent Transduction Efficiency of CD4+ Cells (Ttn) and CD34+ Cells (HSPCtn) of Final Cell Product
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Percent Cal-1 Marking in Peripheral Blood
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Total Area Under the Curve (AUC) for Busulfan
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severe or Life-threatening AEs Related to CSL202
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severe and Life-threatening Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Predominant Integration Site Analysis
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]HIV Viral Load at Baseline Screening and Week 48 or at Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) Re-commencement
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Number of Participants With the Presence of Replication-competent Retrovirus
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Cal-1 C46 Expression in Peripheral Blood
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Cal-1 Marking in Bone Marrow
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Cal-1 Marking in GALT (25-35 cm)
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Mean Cell Dose for CD34+ Cells (HSPCtn)
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]Cal-1 sh5 Expression in Peripheral Blood
NCT01734850 (17) [back to overview]CD4+ Count at Baseline Screening and Week 48 or at ART Re-commencement
NCT01746173 (2) [back to overview]Induction Response
NCT01746173 (2) [back to overview]24-month Progression-Free Survival Rate
NCT01749293 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Engrafted and the Number of Participants That Had Full Donor Chimerism at Day 60
NCT01749293 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Had an Event Free Survival Rate
NCT01749293 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Had an Overall Survival Rate
NCT01773395 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 3 or Higher Non-Hematologic or Grade 4 or Higher Hematologic Adverse Events
NCT01773395 (5) [back to overview]18-Month Progression Free Survival
NCT01773395 (5) [back to overview]18-Month Overall Survival
NCT01773395 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing Acute and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
NCT01773395 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Relapse and/or Non-Relapse Mortality
NCT01798004 (1) [back to overview]The Tolerability of BuMel Regimen
NCT01823198 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLT)
NCT01823198 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01823198 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grade 3 Toxicities
NCT01824693 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experience Treatment-Related Mortality (TRM) by Day 100
NCT01824693 (4) [back to overview]Percent Probability of 18 Months-relapse Event Between Arms
NCT01824693 (4) [back to overview]Percent Probability of Event-free Survival (EFS)
NCT01824693 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experience Primary Graft Failure Event Between Arms
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]OS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]Reduction in Deoxyadenosine Nucleotide (dAXP) in Erythrocytes
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]Severe Infection Rate Excluding the First Three Months After Treatment
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]Vector Copy Number (VCN) in Peripheral Blood (PB) Granulocytes.
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]ADA Activity in Erythrocytes
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (2 Years)
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]Number of Single Integration Sites Representing >30% of the Total Integration Sites (2 Years)
NCT01852071 (11) [back to overview]VCN in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
NCT01857934 (6) [back to overview]Local Failure Rate and Pattern of Failure
NCT01857934 (6) [back to overview]Feasibility of Delivering hu14.18K322A to 6 Cycles of Induction Therapy
NCT01857934 (6) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS)
NCT01857934 (6) [back to overview]Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
NCT01857934 (6) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate [Complete Response + Very Good Partial Response + Partial Response (CR + VGPR + PR)]
NCT01857934 (6) [back to overview]Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) or Severe (Grade 3 or 4) VOD With hu14.18K322A With Allogeneic NK Cells in Consolidation
NCT01894477 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Acute GVHD, Graded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0
NCT01894477 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Did Not Progress Within 6 Months
NCT01983969 (2) [back to overview]Participants With Event-free Survival (EFS)
NCT01983969 (2) [back to overview]Frequency of DLT
NCT02007863 (1) [back to overview]Number of Successful Unrelated Cord Blood (UCB) Transplants
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Chronic GVHD
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Non-relapse Mortality
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Incidence of Donor Cell Engraftment
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Donor Cell Engraftment
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) Grades 2-4 and Grades 3-4
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Primary and Secondary Graft Failure
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Steroid and Non-steroid Immunosuppressants
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Steroid and Non-steroid Immunosuppressants Use Duration
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Survival
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Survival
NCT02120157 (11) [back to overview]Time to Neutrophil and Platelet Recovery
NCT02248597 (5) [back to overview]12 Month Disease Free Survival Probability
NCT02248597 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT02248597 (5) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival
NCT02248597 (5) [back to overview]Rate of Acute GvHD
NCT02248597 (5) [back to overview]Relapse-free Mortality
NCT02282904 (2) [back to overview]To Determine the Safety of This Allogeneic HSCT Approach in Patients With CGD Including Transplant Related Toxicity, the Incidence of Acute and Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease, Immune Reconstitution, Overalland Disease-free Survival.
NCT02282904 (2) [back to overview]To Determine the Efficacy of This Allogeneic Transplant Approach in Reconstituting Normal Hematopoiesis and Reversing the Clinical Phenotype of CGD
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measures (2 Years)
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (2 Years)
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment Efficacy After Treatment With OTL 101 (6 Months)
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]OS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Stopped Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IgRT) (2 Years)
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]Severe Infections Excluding First 3 Months After Treatment
NCT02999984 (10) [back to overview]Time to Cessation of IgRT for Those Who Stopped (2 Years)
NCT03018223 (4) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT03018223 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT03018223 (4) [back to overview]Incidence of Grade II-IV Acute Graft vs. Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT03018223 (4) [back to overview]Incidence of Chronic GVHD
NCT03096782 (3) [back to overview]Time to Engraftment
NCT03096782 (3) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival
NCT03096782 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT03128359 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) at 1 Year
NCT03128359 (3) [back to overview]Graft-Versus-Host Disease-Free, Relapse-Free Survival (GRFS) at 1 Year
NCT03128359 (3) [back to overview]Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (aGVHD) of Grades 2-4 According to the Consensus Grading
NCT03303950 (8) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality (NRM) at Day 100
NCT03303950 (8) [back to overview]Non-relapse Mortality (NRM) at Day 365
NCT03303950 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Response
NCT03303950 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival at One Year
NCT03303950 (8) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival at One Year
NCT03303950 (8) [back to overview]Incidence of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
NCT03303950 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Different Clinical Responses
NCT03303950 (8) [back to overview]Incidence of Chronic GVHD
NCT04002115 (7) [back to overview]Neutrophil Engraftment
NCT04002115 (7) [back to overview]Severity of Chronic GVHD
NCT04002115 (7) [back to overview]Severity of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT04002115 (7) [back to overview]Rate of Chronic GVHD
NCT04002115 (7) [back to overview]Rate of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)
NCT04002115 (7) [back to overview]Non-relapse Related Mortality
NCT04002115 (7) [back to overview]Complete Remission (CR) Rate at Day 30 Post HSCT

Event-free Survival

Event-free survival of patients treated for inflammatory (Stage IIIb) and responsive stage IV breast cancer with BUMELTT and PBSC support and low dose immunotherapy with IL2 and GM-CSF. (NCT00003199)
Timeframe: 11 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Stage IIIB DiseaseStage IV Disease
TX/Maintenance Therapy for Stage IIIB/IV Breast Cancer119

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Overall Survival

Overall survival of patients treated for inflammatory (Stage IIIb) and responsive stage IV breast cancer with BUMELTT and PBSC support and low dose immunotherapy with IL2 and GM-CSF. (NCT00003199)
Timeframe: 11 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
TX/Maintenance Therapy for Stage IIIB/IV Breast Cancer18

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Number of Participants With Toxicity of a Combination of Low-dose IL-2 and GM-CSF

IL-2/GM-CSF toxicity assessed using the NCI Toxicity Criteria. Toxicity was defined as any grade 2, 3, 4 or 5 CNS (except grade 0-3 malaise and fatigue) toxicity; any grade 3, 4, or 5 non-CNS or non-hematological toxicity (except grade 0-3 bilirubin); or any grade 4 or 5 hematological toxicity. (NCT00003199)
Timeframe: 16 Weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
TX/Maintenance Therapy for Stage IIIB/IV Breast Cancer6

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Progression-free Survival

time to disease progression or death due to any cause (NCT00003270)
Timeframe: 1 year

Intervention% of participants (Number)
Arm 150

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4 Year PFS

progression free survival estimate at 4 years post BMT (events are disease progression/relapse and death due to any cause) (NCT00003816)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
BuCy49.1
CyTBI52.2
FluMel33.2
VpCyTBI26.1
Other40

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Toxicity/TRM at Day 100

Death due to treatment related causes before day +100 after BMT (NCT00003816)
Timeframe: Day +100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
BuCy3
CyTBI4
FluMel31
VpCyTBI4
Other4

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CR Rate

Rate of Complete Remission by Day +100 (NCT00003816)
Timeframe: day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
BuCy42
CyTBI55
FluMel134
VpCyTBI18
Other7

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4 yr OS

Overall survival estimate at 4 years post BMT (NCT00003816)
Timeframe: 4-year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
BuCy56.4
CyTBI56.5
FluMel38.2
VpCyTBI39.1
Other53.3

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Toxicity Associated With High-dose Busulfan and Etoposide Followed by Stem Cell Rescue

Toxicity is defined as any grade 3 or grade 4 toxicity per the Bearman toxicity grading criteria following Busulfan and Etoposide high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, and the inability to recover sufficiently by day 100 to start IL-2 therapy. (NCT00003875)
Timeframe: Day -7 of transplant to 100 days post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Chemo, Stem Cell Rescue, Interleukin Therapy)2

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Proportion of Patients Who Relapsed Associated With the Regimen

(NCT00003875)
Timeframe: From date of transplant to date of death from any cause, assessed up to 178 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Chemo, Stem Cell Rescue, Interleukin Therapy)16

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Overall Survival of Patients on Busulfan and Etoposide Followed by Stem Cell Rescue and Aldesleukin

Estimated by the method of Kaplan and Meier. (NCT00003875)
Timeframe: From date of transplant to date of death from any cause, assessed up to 178 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Chemo, Stem Cell Rescue, Interleukin Therapy)14

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Toxicity Associated With Aldesleukin Treatment After Stem Cell Rescue

Toxicity during IL-2 therapy of any of the following per NCI Common Toxicity version 3: grade 2, 3, 4, or 5 CNS (except grade 0-3 malaise, fatigue, anxiety and depression) toxicity; grade 3, 4, or 5 non-CNS or non-hematologic toxicity; any grade 4 or 5 hematologic toxicity. (NCT00003875)
Timeframe: IL-2 administration to one month after completion of IL-2 treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Chemo, Stem Cell Rescue, Interleukin Therapy)6

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Three-year Overall Survival

Kaplan-Meier estimate at three years post-first transplant of survival. Outcome is death or alive at follow-up (censored). 95 percent confidence interval of the point estimate is calculated using Greenwood's variance. (NCT00004088)
Timeframe: Estimate reported at three years after day 0 of the first cycle of infusion of cells of the tandem transplant.

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
HD Chemo Followed by PBPC Rescue0.662

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Progression-free Survival

"Kaplan-Meier estimate at three years post-first transplant of survival. Event of interest is the first of Death or Progression. Censoring is Alive in Continuous Complete Remission at date of last follow-up.~95 percent confidence interval of the point estimate is calculated using Greenwood's variance." (NCT00004088)
Timeframe: Estimate reported at three years after day 0 of the first cycle of infusion of cells of the tandem transplant.

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
HD Chemo Followed by PBPC Rescue0.456

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Overall Survival (Induction Phase)

Overall survival is defined as the time from randomization in the induction phase to death. (NCT00049517)
Timeframe: Assessed during the first 4 months, then at least every three months for 2 years. then every six months until 5 years after study entry and every 12 months thereafter.

Interventionmonths (Median)
Standard Daunorubicin15.7
High-dose Daunorubicin23.7

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Disease-free Survival (Consolidation Phase)

Disease-free survival is defined from the time of the confirmation of a complete remission via biopsy to the relapse of the disease. (NCT00049517)
Timeframe: Assessed during the first 4 months, then at least every three months for 2 years. then every six months until five years after study entry, and every 12 months thereafter.

InterventionMonths (Median)
Autologous HCT15.0
Go/Autologous HCT13.6

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Overall Survival (Consolidation Phase)

Overall survival is defined as the time from randomization in the consolidation phase to death. (NCT00049517)
Timeframe: Assessed during the first 4 months, then at least every three months for 2 years. then every six months until five years after study entry, and every 12 months thereafter.

InterventionMonths (Median)
Autologous HCT35.5
Go/Autologous HCT27.9

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Rates of Durable Engraftment

Number of days that patients take to reach engraftment defined as time to hematologic engraftment will be defined as ANC >500/µl and platelets >20K/µl without transfusion support. (NCT00054327)
Timeframe: at day 42

Interventiondays (Mean)
Regimen A17.9
Regimen B-115.75
Regimen B-213
Regimen B-318.25
Regimen C13.9
Regimen D10.5

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Toxicity as Measured by CTC v2.0

Number of patients that experience grade 3 or above toxicity. See serious adverse event list for toxicities. (NCT00054327)
Timeframe: at 100 days post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Regimen A0
Regimen B-10
Regimen B-21
Regimen B-32
Regimen C2
Regimen D0

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Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

Number of patients that develop acute graft-versus-host disease by grades 0-4. Grade O is no development of GVHD. Grade 1-4 is increase severity of skin, liver and gut involvement with 1 being least severe and 4 being most severe. (NCT00054327)
Timeframe: at 100 days post transplant

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 0Grade 1Grade 2Grade 3Grade 4
Regimen A02620
Regimen B-111200
Regimen B-210101
Regimen B-310030
Regimen C11530
Regimen D00002

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Incidence of Recurrent Disease

Number of patients that have disease recurrence. (NCT00054327)
Timeframe: at day 100 post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Regimen A4
Regimen B-12
Regimen B-20
Regimen B-31
Regimen C2
Regimen D0

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Number of Patients With Overall Survival at 2 Years.

(NCT00054327)
Timeframe: at 2 years from transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Regimen A5
Regimen B-12
Regimen B-22
Regimen B-31
Regimen C5
Regimen D1

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Non-relapse Mortality (NRM)

Percentage of patients who died due to causes other than relapse (NCT00070135)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment (Fludarabine, Busulfan, Allogeneic PBSC)16

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2 Year Disease Free Survival In Unrelated Donor Recipient Group

"Percentage of participants who were alive and relapse free at 2 years for patients who were matched with an unrelated donor for transplant. The 2 year disease free survival, with 95% confidence interval, was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method.~A relapse is defined as any of the following:~Reappearance of leukemia blasts cells in peripheral blood~>5% blasts in the marrow, not attributable to another cause (e.g., bone marrow regeneration)~If there are no circulating blasts, but the marrow contains 5-20% blasts, a repeat bone marrow ≥ 1 week later with >5% blasts is necessary to meet the criteria for relapse~The development of extramedullary leukemia or leukemic cells in the cerebral spinal fluid" (NCT00070135)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Fludarabine, Busulfan, Allogeneic PBSC)40

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2 Year DFS for All Patients

Percentage of participants who were alive and relapse free at 2 years for all patients. The 2 year disease free survival, with 95% confidence interval, was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. (NCT00070135)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Fludarabine, Busulfan, Allogeneic PBSC)42

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Relapse

Percentage of participants who developed relapse or progressive disease. (NCT00134017)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bone Marrow Transplant44

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Chimerism

Number of patients who achieved 100% donor chimerism. (NCT00134017)
Timeframe: Day 30, Day 60

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Day 30Day 60
Bone Marrow Transplant99101

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Days to Engraftment

Median number of days to neutrophil and platelet engraftment. (NCT00134017)
Timeframe: Up to one year

Interventiondays (Median)
Neutrophil engraftment, related donorsNeutrophil engraftment, unrelated donorsPlatelet engraftment, related donorsPlatelet engraftment, unrelated donors
Bone Marrow Transplant23253135

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Percentage of Participants Who Develop Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

Percentage of participants who developed grades II-IV and grades III-IV acute GVHD. Acute GVHD is defined by the Przepiorka criteria, which stages the degree of organ involvement in the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, based on severity, with Stage 1+ being least severe and stage 4+ being the most severe. Grading of acute GVHD is as follows: Grade I (skin involvement stages 1+ to 2+, with no liver or GI involvement), Grade II (skin involvement stages 1+ to 3+, liver 1+, GI tract 1+), Grade III (skin involvement stages 2+ to 3+, liver 1+, GI tract 2+ to 4+), Grade IV (skin involvement stages 4+, Liver 4+). (NCT00134017)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Grades II-IV acute GVHDGrades III-IV acute GVHD
Bone Marrow Transplant4910

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Non-relapse Mortality

Percentage of participants who died for BMT-related reasons. (NCT00134017)
Timeframe: Day 100, 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Day 1002 years
Bone Marrow Transplant615

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Stable Engraftment With Donor Stem Cells in Patients With Severe Hemoglobinopathy.

Outcome was measured by ANC >500 for three consecutive days prior to day 30 after PBSC infusion, >25% of hematopoietic cells are donor derived as determined by molecular chimerism assays or cytogenetic methods prior to day 45 after PBSC infusion and >25% of hematopoietic cells are donor derived as determined by molecular chimerism assays or cytogenetic methods after day 180 after PBSC infusion. (NCT00153985)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Transplant for Severe Hemoglobinopathies2

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The Incidence of Grade II-IV Acute Graft vs. Host Disease.

Outcome was measured by incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD following donor stem cell infusion. (NCT00153985)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Transplant for Severe Hemoglobinopathies2

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Number of Patients Surviving (Disease-free)

(NCT00176826)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intent-To-Treat14

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Number of Patients With III-IV Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

(NCT00176826)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intent-To-Treat1

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Number of Patients With Graft Failure

(NCT00176826)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intent-To-Treat2

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Number of Patients With Grade II-IV Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

(NCT00176826)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intent-To-Treat4

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Time to Transplant Engraftment

(NCT00176826)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

Interventiondays (Mean)
Intent-To-Treat19.8

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Number of Patients Surviving (Disease-free)

(NCT00176826)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Intent-To-Treat10

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Incidence Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

Number of participants with chronic GVHD after being treated with busulfan (BU), cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan (L-PAM) followed by HCT for hematological malignancies. (NCT00176839)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment Arm0

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Incidence of Relapse

Number of patients with relapse after being treated with busulfan (BU), cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan (L-PAM) followed by HCT for hematological malignancies. (NCT00176839)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment Arm2

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Probability of Engraftment

Number of participants with engraftment after being treated with busulfan (BU), cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan (L-PAM) followed by HCT for hematological malignancies.. (NCT00176839)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment Arm10

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Incidence of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

Number of participants with acute GVHD after being treated with busulfan (BU), cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan (L-PAM) followed by HCT for hematological malignancies. (NCT00176839)
Timeframe: 100 days post-transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment Arm7

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Incidence of Regimen-related Toxicity 100 Days Post Transplant

Number of participants with regimen-related toxicity 100 days post transplant after being treated with busulfan (BU), cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan (L-PAM) followed by HCT for hematological malignancies. (NCT00176839)
Timeframe: 100 days post-transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment Arm3

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Probability of Long-term Disease-free Survival (DFS)

Number of participants with long-term disease free survival after being treated with busulfan (BU), cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan (L-PAM) followed by HCT for hematological malignancies. (NCT00176839)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment Arm3

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The Incidence of Chimerism at 6 Months

The number of patients whose blood and/or bone marrow contains > 10% donor cells. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)1
MA Bu/Cy (B)5
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)8

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Change in the Patient's Quality of Life as Compared to the Pre-Transplant Assessment

"The measure for quality of life used in this study is the Karnofsky Performance Score. The Karnofsky Performance Score runs from 100 to 0, where 100 is perfect health and 0 is death." (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)97
MA Bu/Cy (B)100
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)100

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The Incidence of Chimerism at 100 Days

The number of patients whose blood and/or bone marrow contains > 10% donor cells. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)1
MA Bu/Cy (B)5
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)11

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The Incidence of Chimerism at 1 Year

The number of patients whose blood and/or bone marrow contains > 10% donor cells. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)1
MA Bu/Cy (B)5
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)8

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Overall Survival

Number of patients alive 100 days after transplant. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)3
MA Bu/Cy (B)5
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)12

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The Incidence of Grade 3-4 Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (Acute GVHD)

The number of patients who experienced grades 3-4 Acute GVHD. Acute GVHD is when the donated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells view the recipient's body as foreign, and the donated cells/bone marrow attack the body. IGrades 3-4 equate to moderate to severe disease. Symptoms typically appear within weeks after transplant. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)0
MA Bu/Cy (B)0
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)0

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The Incidence of Grade 2-4 Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (Acute GVHD)

The number of patients who experienced grades 2-4 Acute GVHD. Acute GVHD is when the donated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells view the recipient's body as foreign, and the donated cells/bone marrow attack the body. Grades 2-4 equate to mild to severe disease. Symptoms typically appear within weeks after transplant. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)0
MA Bu/Cy (B)0
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)0

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Overall Survival

Number of patients alive 1 year after transplant. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)3
MA Bu/Cy (B)5
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)12

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The Incidence of Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (Chronic GVHD)

The number of patients who experienced Chronic GVHD. Chronic GVHD is when the donated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells view the recipient's body as foreign, and the donated cells/bone marrow attack the body. Chronic GVHD can appear at any time after allogeneic transplant or several years after transplant. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)0
MA Bu/Cy (B)0
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)0

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Disease Free Survival

Number of patients alive without disease 100 days after transplant. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)3
MA Bu/Cy (B)5
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)11

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Disease Free Survival

Number of patients alive without disease 1 year after transplant. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)3
MA Bu/Cy (B)5
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)11

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Change in the Patient's Quality of Life as Compared to the Pre-Transplant Assessment

"The measure for quality of life used in this study is the Karnofsky Performance Score. The Karnofsky Performance Score runs from 100 to 0, where 100 is perfect health and 0 is death." (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: pre-transplant

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)100
MA Bu/Cy (B)98
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)99

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Change in the Patient's Quality of Life as Compared to the Pre-Transplant Assessment

"The measure for quality of life used in this study is the Karnofsky Performance Score. The Karnofsky Performance Score runs from 100 to 0, where 100 is perfect health and 0 is death." (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)100
MA Bu/Cy (B)100
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)100

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The Incidence of Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (Chronic GVHD)

The number of patients who experienced Chronic GVHD. Chronic GVHD is when the donated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells view the recipient's body as foreign, and the donated cells/bone marrow attack the body. Chronic GVHD can appear at any time after allogeneic transplant or several years after transplant. (NCT00176852)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIC Bu/Flu (A) (Discontinued)0
MA Bu/Cy (B)0
RIC Cy/Flu/TBI (A2)0

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Number of Patients With Succcessful Engraftment After Transplantation

"Number of patients who received non-genotypic identical marrow or cord blood cells using a non-myeloablative preparative regimen and exhibited engraftment at Day 42." (NCT00176878)
Timeframe: 42 Days

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Bone Marrow Failure Patients10

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Number of Patients With Disease Recurrence

Number of patients who exhibited disease recurrence at 2 years. (NCT00176878)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Bone Marrow Failure Patients0

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Number of Patients With Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

Number of patients who exhibited chronic (normally occurs after 100 days) Graft Versus Host Disease at 2 years post transplant. Chronic graft-versus-host-disease, over its long-term course, can also cause damage to the connective tissue and exocrine glands. (NCT00176878)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Bone Marrow Failure Patients3

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Number of Patients Alive (Survival) at 2 Years

Calculated from day 1 of transplant to last contact. (NCT00176878)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Bone Marrow Failure Patients6

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Number of Patients With Grade 2-4 Acute Graft Versus Host Disease

Number of patients with Grade 2, 3 and 4 Acute (normally observed within the first 100 days) Graft Versus Host Disease. Acute GVHD is staged as follows: overall grade (skin-liver-gut) with each organ staged individually from a low of 1 to a high of 4. Patients with grade IV GVHD usually have a poor prognosis. Grade 2 = moderate, Grade 3 = severe, Grade 4 = life threatening. (NCT00176878)
Timeframe: 100 Days

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Bone Marrow Failure Patients5

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Number of Patients Alive at Three Years (Survival)

Number of subjects who survived 3 years post-transplant. (NCT00176878)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Bone Marrow Failure Patients6

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Number of Patients With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Number of patients who exhibited chronic graft-versus-host disease by 1 Year post transplant. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted material attacks the transplant recipient's body. Chronic GVHD is an extension of this syndrome. (NCT00176904)
Timeframe: 1 Year Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Patients Treated With Stem Cell Transplant13

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Number of Patients With Grade II-IV Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Number of patients who exhibited acute graft-versus-host disease by Day 100 post transplant. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted material attacks the transplant recipient's body. Grade I=mild, Grade II=moderate, Grade III=severe, Grade IV=life threatening. (NCT00176904)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Patients Treated With Stem Cell Transplant34

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Number of Patients With Grade III-IV Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Number of patients who exhibited acute graft-versus-host disease by Day 100 post transplant. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted material attacks the transplant recipient's body. Grade I=mild, Grade II=moderate, Grade III=severe, Grade IV=life threatening. (NCT00176904)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Patients Treated With Stem Cell Transplant13

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Overall Donor Engraftment

Number of patients with full donor chimerism (state in bone marrow transplantation in which bone marrow and host cells exist compatibly without signs of graft-versus-host rejection disease) by Day 100 post-transplant of at least 90%. (NCT00176904)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Patients Treated With Stem Cell Transplant123

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Overall Survival

Number of patients alive at designated timepoints after transplant. (NCT00176904)
Timeframe: 100 Days, 1 Year and 3 Years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Day 1001 Year3 Years
Patients Treated With Stem Cell Transplant1209281

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Number of Patients Who Failed Engraftment.

Toxicity (undesireable effect) of hematologic donor cell engraftment is determined by failure to engraft at Day 42. (NCT00176917)
Timeframe: Day 42 Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Transplant Patients1

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Number of Patients Surviving on Study

Number of patients surviving (alive) at specified timepoints. (NCT00176917)
Timeframe: at 100 days, 1 year, and 3 years post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Day 100 Post Transplant1 Year Post Transplant3 Years Post Transplant
Transplant Patients372827

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Mean Percentage of Donor Cells in Study Population (Chimerism).

Donor-derived engraftment determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). (NCT00176917)
Timeframe: at 21 days, 42 days, 60 days, 100 days, 6 months, and 1 year

InterventionPercentage (Mean)
21 Days Post Transplant42 Days Post Transplant60 Days Post Transplant100 Days Post Transplant6 Months Post Transplant1 Year Post Transplant
Transplant Patients85.873.284.681.181.691.5

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Number of Patients With Grade III-IV Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (aGVHD).

Toxicity (undesireable effect) of this stem cell transplant preparative regimen due to acute graft-versus-host disease. (NCT00176917)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Transplant Patients2

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Number of Participants With Persistence or Relapse of Malignancy at 5 Years Post Transplant

Defined as the return of disease after its apparent recovery/cessation. Patients with leukemia and lymphoma involving the BM and multiple myeloma will have this done by BM biopsy and additional special studies such as cytogenetics or flow cytometry as appropriate. Patients with lymphoma and myeloma will have radiology studies such as plain X-rays or CT scans and/or other studies such as blood tumor markers to document presence or absence of disease as clinically indicated. (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI4
Marrow : No TBI4
UCB : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG0
PBSC69
Marrow20
Umbilical Cord Blood0
Co-Enroll From MT04030

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Number of Participants With Persistence or Relapse of Malignancy at 2 Years Post Transplant

Defined as the return of disease after its apparent recovery/cessation. Patients with leukemia and lymphoma involving the BM and multiple myeloma will have this done by BM biopsy and additional special studies such as cytogenetics or flow cytometry as appropriate. Patients with lymphoma and myeloma will have radiology studies such as plain X-rays or CT scans and/or other studies such as blood tumor markers to document presence or absence of disease as clinically indicated. (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI3
Marrow : No TBI4
UCB : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG0
PBSC63
Marrow17
Umbilical Cord Blood0
Co-Enroll From MT04030

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Number of Participants With Neutrophil Engraftment

Neutrophil engraftment is defined as the first day of three consecutive days where the neutrophil count (absolute neutrophil count) is 500 cells/mm^3 (0.5 x 10^9/L) or greater. (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: Day 42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI11
Marrow : No TBI13
UCB : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG1
PBSC206
Marrow83
Umbilical Cord Blood2
Co-Enroll From MT04032

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Number of Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe long-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. Determine the incidence of chronic GVHD 1 year post transplant. Patients will be staged weekly between days 0 and 100 after transplantation using standard criteria. Patients will be assigned an overall GVHD score based on extent of skin rash, volume of diarrhea and maximum bilirubin level. (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI4
Marrow : No TBI2
UCB : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG0
PBSC87
Marrow14
Umbilical Cord Blood0
Co-Enroll From MT04031

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Number of Participants With Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

"Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) is a severe short-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. Determine the incidence of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at day 100 post transplant. Patients will be staged weekly between days 0 and 100 after transplantation using standard criteria used for staging.~Patients will be assigned an overall GVHD score based on extent of skin rash, volume of diarrhea and maximum bilirubin level." (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI6
Marrow : No TBI2
UCB : No TBI1
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG0
PBSC89
Marrow23
Umbilical Cord Blood0
Co-Enroll From MT04030

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Number of Participants Who Were Alive at 5 Year Post Transplant

The percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive for a certain period of time after they were diagnosed with or treated for a disease, such as cancer. (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI3
Marrow : No TBI9
UCB : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG0
PBSC100
Marrow54
Umbilical Cord Blood2
Co-Enroll From MT04032

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Number of Participants Who Were Alive at 2 Year Post Transplant

The percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive for a certain period of time after they were diagnosed with or treated for a disease, such as cancer. (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI5
Marrow : No TBI11
UCB : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG0
PBSC122
Marrow59
Umbilical Cord Blood2
Co-Enroll From MT04032

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Number of Participants Experiencing Engraftment Failure

Graft failure is defined as not accepting donated cells. The donated cells do not make the new white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: Day 42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI0
Marrow : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG0
PBSC1
Marrow0
Umbilical Cord Blood0
Co-Enroll From MT04030

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Number of Participants Experiencing Disease-Free Survival at 5 Years Post Transplant

Disease-Free Survival is the length of time during and after medication or treatment during which the disease being treated (usually cancer) does not get worse. It is sometimes used as a metric to study the health of a person with a disease to try to determine how well a new treatment is working. (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI3
Marrow : No TBI9
UCB : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG0
PBSC85
Marrow48
Umbilical Cord Blood2
Co-Enroll From MT04032

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Number of Participants Experiencing Disease-Free Survival at 2 Years Post Transplant

Disease-Free Survival is the length of time during and after medication or treatment during which the disease being treated (usually cancer) does not get worse. It is sometimes used as a metric to study the health of a person with a disease to try to determine how well a new treatment is working. (NCT00176930)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PBSC: No TBI4
Marrow : No TBI9
UCB : No TBI0
UCB : No TBI/Bu/Cy/ATG0
PBSC100
Marrow52
Umbilical Cord Blood2
Co-Enroll From MT04032

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Disease-Free Survival

The data presented below represents the total number of subjects (out of 36) that reached disease-free survival status during Months 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 time points. (NCT00238433)
Timeframe: 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
3 months6 months9 months12 months18 months24 months
Busulfan/Melphalan/Thiotepa343028252422

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Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) Outcome

"Grading of Acute GVHD:~Severity of Individual Organ Involvement:~Skin~1 a maculopapular eruption involving less than 25% of the body surface~2 a maculopapular eruption involving 25-50% of the body surface~3 generalized erythroderma~4 generalized erythroderma with bullous formation and/or with desquamation Liver~1 bilirubin 2.0-3.0mg/100mL~2 bilirubin 3-5.9mg/100mL~3 bilirubin 6-14.9mg/100mL~4 bilirubin >15mg/100mL Gut Diarrhea is graded +1 to +4 in severity. Nausea/vomiting and/or anorexia caused by GVHD is assigned as +1 in severity Diarrhea~1 <1000mL of liquid stool/day~2 >1,000mL of stool/day~3 >1,500mL of stool/day~4 2,000mL of stool/day, severe abdominal pain, with or without ileus~Severity of GVHD:~Grade 1 +1 to +2 skin rash; No gut or liver involvement Grade 2 +1 to +3 skin rash;+1 GI involvement and/or +1 liver" (NCT00245037)
Timeframe: Day 100, Month 6

Interventionpercentage of analyzed participants (Number)
Day 100Month 6
Busulfan (Bu), Fludarabine (Flu), Total Body Iradiation (TBI)5560

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Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD) Outcome

"Grading of Chronic GVHD:~Limited: Localized skin involvement and/or hepatic dysfunction due to chronic GVHD~Extensive:~One or more of the following:~Generalized skin involvement Liver histology showing chronic aggressive hepatitis, bridging necrosis or cirrhosis Involvement of the eye: Schirmer's test with <5 mm wetting Involvement of minor salivary glands or oral mucosa demonstrated on labial biopsy Involvement of any other target organ~Chronic GVHD Severity:~Mild: Signs and symptoms of cGVHD do not interfere substantially with function and do not progress once appropriately treated with local therapy or standard systemic therapy.~Moderate: Signs and symptoms of cGVHD interfere somewhat with function despite appropriate therapy or are progressive through first line systemic therapy.~Severe: Signs and symptoms of cGVHD limit function substantially despite appropriate therapy or are progressive through second line systemic therapy" (NCT00245037)
Timeframe: Years 1, 2 and 3

Interventionpercentage of analyzed participants (Number)
Year 1Year 2Year 3
Busulfan (Bu), Fludarabine (Flu), Total Body Iradiation (TBI)64.66667.3

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Non-relapse Mortality

Percent of subjects with non-relapse mortality two years after conditioning with busulfan with fludarabine/200 cGy TBI in patients with hematologic malignancies at moderate to high risk for graft rejection and/or relapse of underlying disease. (NCT00245037)
Timeframe: Two years post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Year 1Year 2
Busulfan (Bu), Fludarabine (Flu), Total Body Iradiation (TBI)2733

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Overall Survival

The percentage of overall patient survival (out of 147 participants) for Years 1, 2, 3 and 5. (NCT00245037)
Timeframe: Years 1, 2, 3 and 5

Interventionpercentage of analyzed participants (Number)
Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 5
Busulfan (Bu), Fludarabine (Flu), Total Body Iradiation (TBI)60484229

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Progression-Free Survival

"The percentage of progression-free patients (out of 147 participants) at Years 1, 2, 3, and 5.~Definition of Disease Progression:~MM/Plasma Cell: Increasing bone pain or increase in serum/urine monoclonal protein by 25%.~CLL/NHL/HD: New sites of lymphadenopathy; ≥ 25% increase in lymph node size; Blood or bone marrow involvement with clonal B-cells; Increase of ≥ 25% bone marrow involvement; ≥ 25% increase in blood involvement with clonal B-cells.~AML/ALL: Any incidence of relapse (>5% blasts) by evaluation of the bone marrow aspirate.~CML: Inability to control platelet or granulocyte counts; Increase in baseline number of metaphases demonstrating the Ph+ chromosome by >25%; Any other new cytogenetic abnormality; Transformation to accelerated phase or blast crisis.~MDS/MPD: Any evidence by morphologic or flow cytometric evaluation of the bone marrow aspirate of new blasts (>5%) or worsening cytopenia or cytogenetic evidence of recurrence." (NCT00245037)
Timeframe: Years 1, 2, 3, and 5

Interventionpercentage of analyzed participants (Number)
Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 5
Busulfan (Bu), Fludarabine (Flu), Total Body Iradiation (TBI)48393529

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Relapse Mortality

The percentage of patients (out of 147 participants) who relapsed at Years 1 and 2. Relapse is defined as the presence of >5% blasts by morphology on a post-transplant bone marrow aspirate. (NCT00245037)
Timeframe: Years 1 and 2

Interventionpercentage of analyzed participants (Number)
Year 1Year 2
Busulfan (Bu), Fludarabine (Flu), Total Body Iradiation (TBI)1320

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Number of Participants Experiencing Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe short-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. (NCT00258427)
Timeframe: Day 42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Isolex0
USB Arm0
Marrow Clinimacs0
Sibling withoutCliniMACS0

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Number of Participants Experiencing Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe long-term complication created by infusion of donor cellsinto a foreign host. (NCT00258427)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Isolex0
USB Arm0
Marrow Clinimacs0
Sibling withoutCliniMACS0

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Number of Participants Experiencing Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe long-term complication created by infusion of donor cellsinto a foreign host. (NCT00258427)
Timeframe: Day 42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Isolex0
USB Arm0
Marrow Clinimacs0
Sibling withoutCliniMACS0

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Number of Participants Experiencing Major Infections

Number of participants experiencing Major Infections by the end of treatment (NCT00258427)
Timeframe: Day 1 through 1 year post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Isolex3
USB Arm8
Marrow Clinimacs2
Sibling withoutCliniMACS1

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Number of Participants Experiencing Overall Survival

Overall Survival - Number of patients alive at 1 year post transplant (NCT00258427)
Timeframe: 1 Year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Isolex1
USB Arm4
Marrow Clinimacs1
Sibling withoutCliniMACS1

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Number of Participants Experiencing Relapse

Patients with leukemia will have this done by BM biopsy and additional special studies such as cytogenetics or flow cytometry as appropriate. (NCT00258427)
Timeframe: 1 Year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Isolex0
USB Arm2
Marrow Clinimacs1
Sibling withoutCliniMACS0

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Number of Participants Experiencing Graft Failure

Graft failure is defined as absolute neutrophil count( ANC ) <5 x 10^8/L by day 30. (NCT00258427)
Timeframe: Day 30

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Isolex1
USB Arm0
Marrow Clinimacs0
Sibling withoutCliniMACS0

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Number of Participants Experiencing Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe short-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. (NCT00258427)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Isolex0
USB Arm1
Marrow Clinimacs0
Sibling withoutCliniMACS0

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Response Rate

Number of patients that receive a Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR)or Progression. CR defined as complete disappearance of all measurable and evaluable disease and no new lesions. PR is defined as >/= 50% decrease in the sum of products of all measurable lesions. Progression is defined as a 50% increase in the sum of products of all measurable lesions. (NCT00265889)
Timeframe: One year after second transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete ResponseProgressionUnknownExpiredPartial Response
Poor Risk Patients1814230

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Progression-free Survival

Outcome is based on the number of patients who were alive without progression or relapse within 1 year. Progression is defined as a 50% increase in the sum of products of all measurable lesions. (NCT00265889)
Timeframe: one year after second transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Poor Risk Patients18

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Number of Patients That Experience Pulmonary Toxicity

Pulmonary toxicity are due to side effects that medicinal drugs cause to the lungs. (NCT00265889)
Timeframe: One year after second transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Poor Risk Patients9

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Percentage of Participants With ≥90 Percent Donor-derived Hematopoeisis Around 100 Days Post Transplantation

The percentage of participants with ≥90 percent donor-derived hematopoeisis was assessed around day +100 using peripheral blood chimerism. (NCT00282282)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Tacrolimus and Sirolimus78

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Disease Response.

Disease response was assessed as 2 year progression-free survival. The median follow-up time was 1.84 years. The percentage of participants with who reached this timepoint with no disease progression are reported. (NCT00282282)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Tacrolimus and Sirolimus GVHD Prophylaxis48

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Incidence of Grade II-IV Acute GVHD (aGVHD) Developing by Day 100 Following Non-myeloablative PBSC Transplantation Using Tacrolimus and Sirolimus.

All participants received tacrolimus and sirolimus in this one arm study. There were no participants considered unevaluable for this measure (deceased prior to day 100). The total number of people who developed grade II-IV aGVHD before day 100 are reported here. (NCT00282282)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Tacrolimus and Sirolimus5

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Disease-free Survival With Correction of Disease at One Year Post Transplantation

"Patients deemed alive and well at follow-up timepoint later than 1-year post-transplantation" (NCT00301834)
Timeframe: 1 year post-transplantation

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Single Arm - Transplant Pre-conditioning Per Study Protocol22

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Number of Participants Achieving Durable Engraftment (Presence of Donor Cells) at 6 Weeks Post Transplantation

Peripheral blood chimerism studies were performed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) evaluation of differential short tandem repeat DNA sequences (NCT00301834)
Timeframe: 6 weeks post-transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Single Arm - Transplant Pre-conditioning Per Study Protocol31

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viral Infection and Disease Symptoms

polymerase chain reaction testing for presence of CMV weekly until at least day +100 then every 2 weeks until T-cell reconstitution as defined by cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) > 200 cells/mm3. Median time to T-cell reconstitution was 6 months. (NCT00301834)
Timeframe: Up to one year post-transplant

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Positive CMV Viral Load AssaySymptomatic CMV disease
CMV Seronegative Participants10
CMV Seropositive Participants120

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Toxicity Grade ≥ 3 From Start of Conditioning Through the First Year Post Transplantation

(NCT00301834)
Timeframe: 1 year post-transplantation

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 3-4 acute Graft-Versus-Host DiseaseGrade 3-4 mucositis
Single Arm216

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Treatment-related Mortality at 100 Days and 1 Year Post Transplantation

(NCT00301834)
Timeframe: 100 days and 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Transplantation-related mortality 0-100 daysTransplantation-related mortality 100-365 days
Single Arm - Transplant Pre-conditioning Per Study Protocol21

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Donor Cell Engraftment

Chimerism analysis was performed in patients who recieved nonmyeloablative tranplsnat. In this group the definition of engraftment was a CD3 count greater than 50%. In the myeloablative group, engraftment was defined as an absolute neutrophil count greater than 50%. (NCT00322101)
Timeframe: After stem cell infusion to day 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm I (Nonmyeloablative Regimen)11
Arm II (Myeloablative Regimen)11

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Incidence and Severity of Acute and Chronic Graft-vs-host Disease

(NCT00322101)
Timeframe: After transplantation

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm I (Nonmyeloablative Regimen)1
Arm II (Myeloablative Regimen)4

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Incidence of Disease Progression/Relapse

Disease progression/relapse was defined by IWG criteria (NCT00322101)
Timeframe: After stem cell infusion to date of last follow up.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm I (Nonmyeloablative Regimen)7
Arm II (Myeloablative Regimen)2

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Overall Survival

(NCT00322101)
Timeframe: At 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm I (Nonmyeloablative Regimen)6
Arm II (Myeloablative Regimen)6

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Progression-free Survival

IWG criteria was used to determine disease progression (NCT00322101)
Timeframe: After stem cell infusion to date of last follow up.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm I (Nonmyeloablative Regimen)7
Arm II (Myeloablative Regimen)5

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Non-relapse Mortality

(NCT00322101)
Timeframe: At 100 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm I (Nonmyeloablative Regimen)0
Arm II (Myeloablative Regimen)0

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Overall Objective Response

(NCT00357396)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Very Good Partial Response (VGPR)Complete Response (CR)
Patients With HIGH RISK EWING'S SARCOMA FAMILY TUMOR41

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Non-relapse Mortality

The number of participants dead due to causes unrelated to relapse within the first 100 days post transplant. (NCT00361140)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
AUC 60003
AUC 75004
AUC 90002

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Severe Venous Occlusive Disease (VOD)/ Sinusoidal Obstructive Syndrome (SOS)

The number of subjects with severe VOD / SOS; severity staged according to criteria set forth by McDonald G.B., Hinds M.S., Fisher L.D., et al. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver and multiorgan failure after bone marrow transplantation: a cohort study of 355 patients. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:255-267. Assessed within the first 100 days post transplant. (NCT00361140)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
AUC 60000
AUC 75001
AUC 90002

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1 Year Event-free Survival

Number of participants alive and without disease relapse at 1 year posttransplant (NCT00363467)
Timeframe: 1 year post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Autologous Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation2

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1 Year Overall Survival

Number of participants alive at 1 year posttransplant (NCT00363467)
Timeframe: 1 year post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Autologous Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation2

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100-day Non-relapse Mortality

100-day non-relapse mortality is the number of participants who died before day 100 posttransplant from causes other than relapsed disease (NCT00363467)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Autologous Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation0

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Successful Autologous Stem Cell Collection

Number of subjects who were able to collect at least 2 million CD34+ cells/kg (NCT00363467)
Timeframe: At time of stem cell collection

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Autologous Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation2

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Number of Participants Who Completed Maintenance Decitabine.

To determine feasibility of decitabine maintenance, this outcome measures the number of participants who completed all 8 planned cycles of decitabine maintenance as per protocol. (NCT00416598)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Decatibine Maintenance62

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Disease-free Survival (DFS) Rate at 1 Year

"For participants who achieved a complete remission (CR), this is the percentage of participants who were alive and relapse free at 1 year. The 1 year rate, with 95% confidence interval, was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method~A CR is defined as those with > 20% cellularity of bone marrow biopsy, no presence of extramedullary leukemia for AML, <5 % myeloblast cells for bone marrow with peripheral blood and normal complete blood count (absolute neutrophils > 1000 mL and platelets >= 100,000 mL)." (NCT00416598)
Timeframe: At 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Decatibine Maintenance80

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Days to Absolute Neutrophil Recovery (ANC)

Recovery is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of ≥ 0.5 x 109 /L (500/mm3 ) for three consecutive laboratory values obtained on different days. Date of ANC recovery is the date of the first of three consecutive laboratory values where the ANC is ≥ 0.5 x 109 /L. (NCT00426517)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionDays (Mean)
Matched Related Donor Stem Cell Transplant19.42
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant77.44
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant (MUD-non CGD)25.5
Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant (MUD-CGD) Cord BloodNA

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Participants With Established Stable Mixed Chimerism

Number of participants with myeloid chimerism of greater than 10% of donor cells at 1 year post transplant (NCT00426517)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Matched Related Donor Stem Cell Transplant7
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant30
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant (MUD-non CGD)3
Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant (MUD-CGD) Cord BloodNA

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Stem Cell Transplant Engraftment

Engraftment of allogeneic or matched unrelated (including cord blood) hematopoietic progenitor cells using moderate-dose busulfan and Campath-1H with or without whole body irradiation so as to attain phenotypic correction of congenital immunodeficiencies. (NCT00426517)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Matched Related Donor Stem Cell Transplant7
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant31
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant (MUD-non CGD)3
Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant (MUD-CGD) Cord Blood0

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Engraftment Without Development of GVHD

Participants who achieved engraftment without development of graft versus host disease (GVHD). (NCT00426517)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Matched Related Donor Stem Cell Transplant6
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant30
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant (MUD-non CGD)3
Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant (MUD-CGD) Cord BloodNA

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Incidence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Disease

Number of events of Cytomegalovirus disease based on clinical sequelae that requires treatment (not reactivation) (NCT00426517)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionNumber of events (Mean)
Matched Related Donor Stem Cell Transplant0
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant0
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant (MUD-non CGD)0
Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant (MUD-CGD) Cord Blood0

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Number of RBC Transfusions Per Subject

Average number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion per subject (NCT00426517)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventiontransfusions per person (Mean)
Matched Related Donor Stem Cell Transplant1.71
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant7.08
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant (MUD-non CGD)4
Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant (MUD-CGD) Cord BloodNA

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Days to Platelet Recovery

Platelet recovery is defined as platelet value ≥ 20 × 109/L for three consecutive days and no platelet transfusions administered for previous seven consecutive days. The date of platelet recovery is the date of the first of three consecutive laboratory values ≥ 20 × 109/L. (NCT00426517)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionDays (Mean)
Matched Related Donor Stem Cell Transplant31
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant31.9
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant (MUD-non CGD)32.6
Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant (MUD-CGD) Cord BloodNA

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Days to CD3 Count Greater Than 100 u/L

Rapidity of immune reconstitution based on number of days to CD3 count greater than 100 u/L. (NCT00426517)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionDays (Mean)
Matched Related Donor Stem Cell Transplant355
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant284
Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant (MUD-non CGD)16
Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant (MUD-CGD) Cord BloodNA

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Development of GVHD Within 1 Year of BMT

GVHD is assessed by physical exam, bloodwork and biopsy. (NCT00427661)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
AHSC in Severe SCD2

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Engraftment at 1 Year Post BMT.

Measurement of total PBMC chimerism (NCT00427661)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
AHSC in Severe SCD6

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Incidence of Grade 2-4 Acute GVHD.

(NCT00427661)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionparticipants with grade 2-4 AGVHD (Number)
Experimental1

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Average Overall Survival Time

Average number of years for survival post transplant where overall survival time is measured from date of transplant to disease progression or death for any reason. (NCT00427765)
Timeframe: Baseline(transplantation) to disease progression or death for any reason, up to 6 years.

Interventionyears (Mean)
Busulfan + Melphalan3

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Non-relapse Mortality (NRM) (Patients With AML/MDS)

Cumulative incidence rate with death as a competing risk, assessed at day 100. (NCT00445744)
Timeframe: Up to day 200

Interventionpercent (Number)
Treatment (Cyclophosphamide, Busulfan, Transplant)17

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5-year Disease-free Survival

The length of time post-transplant that the patient survives without any signs or symptoms of that cancer. (NCT00448201)
Timeframe: Year 5

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
All Trial Participants31

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Complete or Mixed Donor Chimerism at 30, 60, and 90 Days Post-transplant

"Complete chimerism is defined as 100% donor cells detected, suggesting complete hematopoietic replacement. Mixed donor chimerism means host cells are detected in particular cells like lymphocytes. Five to 90% donor cells set the criteria for mixed chimerism (MC).~Chimerism was not tabulated on day 30." (NCT00448201)
Timeframe: Days 30, 60, and 90

,
Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Complete DonorMixed Donor
Day 608218
Day 908713

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Graft-vs-host Disease at 6 Months Post-transplant

"Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the differences in tissue type between patient and donor. Its symptoms can include:~Rashes, which include burning and redness, that erupt on the palms or soles and may spread to the trunk and eventually to the entire body~Blistering, causing the exposed skin surface to flake off in severe cases~Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and loss of appetite, which can indicate that the gastrointestinal (digestive) tract is affected~Jaundice, or a yellowing of the skin, which can indicate liver damage~Excessive dryness of the mouth and throat, leading to ulcers~Dryness of the lungs, vagina and other surfaces~Acute GVHD - Can occur soon after the transplanted cells begin to appear in the recipient. Acute GVHD ranges from mild, moderate or severe, and can be life-threatening if its effects are not controlled.~Extensive chronic GVHD - Usually occurs at about three months post-transplant." (NCT00448201)
Timeframe: 6 Months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Acute GVHDExtensive Chronic GVHD
All Trial Participants1330

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Incidence of Graft vs Host Disease in Patients Between One Month and Two Years Post Transplant

"GVHD can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the differences in tissue type between patient and donor. GVHD can be acute or chronic. Its symptoms can include:~Rashes, which include burning and redness, that erupt on the palms or soles and may spread to the trunk and eventually to the entire body~Blistering, causing the exposed skin surface to flake off in severe cases~Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and loss of appetite, which can indicate that the gastrointestinal (digestive) tract is affected~Jaundice, or a yellowing of the skin, which can indicate liver damage~Excessive dryness of the mouth and throat, leading to ulcers~Dryness of the lungs, vagina and other surfaces" (NCT00448357)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute GVHD grade >=IIAcute GVHD grades III and IVChronic GVHD; intermediate/severe
High Busulfan AUC Tertile1132
Intermediate Busulfan AUC Tertile1046
Low Busulfan AUC Tertile724

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Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)

Dose limiting toxicity will be defined as any irreversible grade 3 or any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity that is related to busulfan infusion and not graft vs host disease or late infection after recovery from the initial period of myelosuppression. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is defined as the dose with probability of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of 0.25. The dose of continuous infusion IV busulfan based on blood levels derived from a test dose in conjunction with fludarabine and alemtuzumab plus tacrolimus for GVHD prophylaxis. (NCT00448357)
Timeframe: first 6 weeks or 42 days following stem cell infusion

InterventionDLTs (Number)
Dose Level 11
Dose Level 21
Dose Level 31
Dose Level 42
Dose Level 52

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Overall Survival

Percentage of participants alive at 3 years post transplant (NCT00448357)
Timeframe: Three years post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Low Busulfan AUC Tertile (5078)28
Intermediate Busulfan AUC Tertile (6372)39
High Busulfan AUC Tertile (7605)55

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Capacity of Test Dosing of Busulfan That Would Result in the Desired Area Under the Curve Concentration Exposure of Patients Receiving a Full-dose Busulfan Regimen

Test doses of busulfan were administered and plasma levels were measured to determine a targeted AUC dosing estimate. The capacity is reported as the precision with which these test dose goals predicted the actual 90-hour mean AUC levels.Dose targeting precision was estimated by root mean squared error. (NCT00448357)
Timeframe: Day -15 to Day -11

Interventionpercentage of error (Number)
Dose Level 111.7
Dose Level 24.9
Dose Level 310.2
Dose Level 411.1
Dose Level 515.9

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Incidence of DNA Chimerism in Patients Between One Month Post Transplant

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) chimerism is a measure identifying the genetic profiles of the transplant recipient and of the donor and then evaluating the extent of mixture in the recipient's blood, bone marrow, or other tissue. (NCT00448357)
Timeframe: 30 days post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Whole blood chimerism-AnyWhole blood chimerism->=95% donorT Cell chimerism-AnyT Cell chimerism>=95% donor
Experimental: GVHD Prophylaxis49474630

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Three-year Relapse-free Survival (RFS) Rate at the Maximum Tolerated Dose Identified During Phase I of the Trial (Target AUC 6912)

Relapse is defined as new or increased sites of disease or positive one marrow after a complete response (CR). The RFS was calculated as the percentage of patients who were alive and without relapse at 3 years (NCT00448357)
Timeframe: Three years post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Low Busulfan AUC Tertile22
Intermediate Busulfan AUC Tertile39
High Busulfan AUC Tertile43

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3 Year Progression Free Survival

"PFS defined as length of time either due to disease recurrence or death, from the time of stem cell infusion (Bone marrow or PBPC) to 3 years.~Response Criteria is measured by the bone marrow aspirate to determine it has leukemic blast. Bone marrow blast less than 5% is considered to be a complete response." (NCT00469144)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionDays (Median)
Fixed-Dose Busulfan + Fludarabine42
Adjusted Dose Busulfan + Fludarabine56

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Efficacy of This Therapy 3 Years Post-transplant

Efficacy Assessed as Number of Participants with Overall Survival, Leukemia Progression, Primary Graft Failure and Complete Hematological Response. Primary graft failure is defined as failure to achieve an ANC >/= 0.5 x 10 (9)/L for 3 consecutive days and evidence of donor chimerism by Day +28. Complete hematological response is defined by hemoglobin >/= 120 g/L; or achievement of transfusion independence, with stable Hb > 110 g/L, for RBC transfusion-dependent participants; Spleen not palpable; platelet count 150 x 10 (9)/L; White blood cell 4 x 10 (9)/L to 10 x 10(9)/L. (NCT00475020)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Overall survival at 3 yearsLeukemia progressionPrimary graft failuresComplete hematological remission
Participants With Myelofibrosis and Myelodysplastic Syndrome2527044

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Rate of Non-relapse Mortality at 100 Days Post-transplant

To evaluate the safety of Fludarabine/Busulfan as conditioned regimen for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelofibrosis/myelodysplastic syndrome at 100 days post-transplant (NCT00475020)
Timeframe: Non-relapse mortality at 100 days post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
InfectionsOrgan FailuresSudden death: likely due to ischemic cardiac event
Participants With Myelofibrosis and Myelodysplastic Syndrome121

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Number of Patients With Neutrophil Engraftment

Number of patients with an absolute neutrophil count >5 x 10^8 cells/liter for 3 consecutive days. (NCT00478244)
Timeframe: Day 42 Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Patients6

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Overall Survival

Survival is defined as the number of patients that were alive post transplant. (NCT00478244)
Timeframe: 1 year and 2 years Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
1 Year Post Transplant2 Years Post Transplant
Evaluable Patients55

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Number of Patients With Resistance to Blister Formation

Resistance to Blister Formation demonstrated by response to negative pressure. (NCT00478244)
Timeframe: Month 1 through Month 24 Inclusive

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Patients2

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Number of Patients With Platelet Engraftment

Number of patients with a platelet count >5 x 10^10 cells/liter for 3 consecutive measurements. (NCT00478244)
Timeframe: Day 180 Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Patients5

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Number of Patients With Detectable Collagen Type VII

Number of patients with epidermolysis bullosa who had collagen type VII. Type VII collagen defects cause recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a blistering skin disorder often accompanied by epidermal cancers. (NCT00478244)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Patients5

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Number of Patients With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD)

Number of patients with cGVHD; a severe long-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. (NCT00478244)
Timeframe: Day 365 Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Patients0

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Number of Patients With Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

Number of patients with GVHD. Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe short-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. (NCT00478244)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Patients1

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Number of Patients With Donor Derived Cells in Skin

Number of patients who had donor skin chimerism - donor cells in the patient's epidermis (a state in bone marrow transplantation in which bone marrow and host cells exist compatibly without signs of graft-versus-host rejection disease). (NCT00478244)
Timeframe: Day 90 Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Evaluable Patients6

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Number of Patients With >70% Donor Chimerism

Number of patients with donor chimerism - percentage of donor cells in the patient via the peripheral blood or bone marrow. (NCT00478244)
Timeframe: Days 21, 100, 180, 365 and 730 Post Transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Day 21Day 100Day 180Day 365Day 730
Evaluable Patients65555

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Incidence of Greater Than or Equal to 50% Donor Chimerism

The primary endpoint was achievement of >/= 50% donor chimerism in CD3+ peripheral blood lymphocytes by day +28 (± 7) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: 28 days post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Conditioning Followed by HCT100

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Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival (OS)

OS at 2 years post-transplant. OS, defined as time from day of hematopoietic cell infusion to death from any cause. (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: 2 years post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Conditioning Followed by HCT68

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Cumulative Incidence of Hematopoietic Cell Engraftment

Hematologic engraftment: defined as time to achieve an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >/= 500/µl for 3 consecutive days or a platelet count of >/= 20,000//µl without the need for platelet support. (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: 28 days post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Conditioning Followed by HCT97.6

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Rate of T-cell (CD3+) and Myeloid (CD33+) Chimerism by Day +28

Median Percentage of Donor Cells in Study Population (Chimerism). (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: 28 days post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of cells (Median)
CD3+CD33+
Conditioning Followed by HCT87100

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Time to Incidence of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

"The median time from allo-HCT to the initiation of tacrolimus (TAC) taper.~The median time to onset of acute GVHD (aGVHD). Clinical manifestations of acute GVHD include a classic maculopapular rash; persistent nausea and/or emesis; abdominal cramps with diarrhea; and a rising serum bilirubin concentration." (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years post-transplant

Interventiondays (Median)
Initiation of TAC TaperOnset of aGVHD
Conditioning Followed by HCT6233

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Incidence of Infections

Infections: Incidence of infections (opportunistic and non-opportunistic) following conditioning. (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years post-transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) ReactivationEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) ReactivationPost-transplantation Lymphoproliferative DisorderViral InfectionsLung Infections
Conditioning Followed by HCT173152

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Non-relapse Mortality Rate (NRM)

The cumulative incidence of NRM after allo-HCT. (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Day +1002 Years
Conditioning Followed by HCT217

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Rate of T-cell (CD3+) and Myeloid (CD33+) Chimerism by Day +100

Median Percentage of Donor Cells in Study Population (Chimerism). (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: 100 days post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of cells (Median)
CD3+CD33+
Conditioning Followed by HCT96100

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Percentage of Participants With Progression Free Survival (PFS)

PFS at 2 years post-transplant. PFS, defined as time from day of hematopoietic cell infusion to disease relapse. Relapsed disease: Disease was in complete remission post-transplant but returned (e.g., >5% blast in bone marrow or any peripheral blasts). (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: 2 years post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Conditioning Followed by HCT55

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Incidence of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

"By day +100, the cumulative incidence of GVHD, acute of grades 2-4, and 3-4.~At 2 years, the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD of any severity according to National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria. Diagnosis of chronic GVHD requires the presence of at least one diagnostic clinical sign of chronic GVHD or the presence of at least one distinctive manifestation confirmed by pertinent biopsy or other relevant tests in the same or another organ. Furthermore, other possible diagnoses for clinical symptoms must be excluded. No time limit is set for the diagnosis of chronic GVHD.~At 2 years, the cumulative incidence of moderate/severe chronic GVHD." (NCT00496340)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Day +100 aGVHD Grade 2-4Day +100 aGVHD Grade 3-42 Years, Chronic GVHD of Any Severity2 Years, Moderate/Severe Chronic GVHD
Conditioning Followed by HCT59196958

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Participants' With mCR Response to Post Transplant DLI

Number of participants with response of molecular complete remission (mCR) to DLI as treatment for residual disease after transplant. Molecular remission is a complete remission with no evidence of disease in the blood cells and/or bone marrow using sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. (NCT00499889)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Mesylate, Busulfan, Fludarabine + Antithymocyte Globulin4

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Number of Participants in Complete Molecular Remission at 1 Year

Participants at 1 year in molecular remission, post transplant, post imatinib mesylate and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). Molecular remission is a complete remission with no evidence of disease in the blood cells and/or bone marrow using sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests (this test is most commonly used in clinical trials). (NCT00499889)
Timeframe: Baseline to 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Mesylate, Busulfan, Fludarabine + Antithymocyte Globulin21

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Participants' With mCR Response to Post Transplant Imatinib Mesylate Therapy

Number of participants with response of molecular complete remission (mCR) to Imatinib Mesylate therapy as treatment for residual disease after transplant. Molecular remission is a complete remission with no evidence of disease in the blood cells and/or bone marrow using sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. (NCT00499889)
Timeframe: 1 Year

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Mesylate, Busulfan, Fludarabine + Antithymocyte Globulin10

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Number of Participants With Successful Engraftment

Successful Engraftment defined as first of 3 consecutive days with Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) equal to or more than 0.5 * 10^9/L. Failure to engraft by day +30 considered primary engraftment failure. Study period one week prior to transplant through post Day 28. (NCT00502905)
Timeframe: Study period one week prior to transplant through post Day 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Busulfan + Fludarabine192

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Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)

"Continual reassessment method (four times a day) used to determine an MTD, with a target toxicity probability of 20%, where toxicity is defined as grade 3 or 4 conventional toxicity [National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC)]. Participant evaluation in a cohort with each modality is 30 days." (NCT00506857)
Timeframe: 1 month

Interventionmg/kg (Number)
Busulfan + Fludarabine11.2

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Number of Participants With Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

Tacrolimus and Methotrexate used for acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis, clinical grading AGVHD criteria (Days 1-100): Grade 1: + to ++ skin rash; no gut involvement; no decrease in clinical performance status; Grade 2: + to +++ skin rash; + gut involvement and/or + liver involvement; mild decrease in performance status; Grade 3: ++ to +++ skin rash; ++ to +++ gut involvement and/or ++ to ++++ liver involvement; marked decrease in performance status; Grade 4: Similar to Grade 3 with ++ to ++++ organ involvement and extreme decrease in performance status. (NCT00506857)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Grade 2Grade 3-4
Tacrolimus + Methotrexate188

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Number of Participant With Adverse Events (AE)

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a drug; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT00513474)
Timeframe: Up to 71 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Rasburicase Group21
Control Group21

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Uric Acid Levels

Blood was collected and analyzed at a laboratory for serum uric acid levels reported in milligrams(mg)/deciliter(dL). Data is presented for those participants who experienced Grade II to IV aGVHD and those participants who did not experience Grade II to IV aGVHD at pre-transplant and post-transplant. (NCT00513474)
Timeframe: Pre-transplant Day -7 to Day -1 and Post-transplant Day 0 to Day 6

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Day -7Day -6Day -5Day -4Day -3Day -2Day -1Day 0Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day 6
Control Group4.1573.4192.9672.5792.3581.8671.712.1632.6712.7782.8052.7582.5792.653
Rasburicase Group0.10.0750.0860.10.0670.0810.4380.9381.6242.0762.2712.5482.5952.705

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Percentage of Participants With Grades II to IV Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (aGVHD)

"aGVHD severity was determined using International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR) scale stage and grade of the skin, liver and gut. Stage 1: Skin=maculopapular rash <25% of body surface; Liver=Bilirubin 2-3 mg/dL and Gut=500-999 mL diarrhea/day or peristent nausea with histologic evidence of GvHD. Stage 2: Skin=maculopapular rash 25-50% of body surface; Liver=Bilirubin 3.1-6 mg/dL and Gut=1000-1499 mL diarrhea/day. Stage 3: Skin=maculopapular rash >50% of body surface; Liver=Bilirubin 6.1-15 mg/dL and Gut=≥1500 mL diarrhea/day. Stage 4: Skin=generalized erythroderma with bulla formation; Liver=Bilirubin >15 mg/dL and Gut=severe abdominal pain.~Grade 1: Stage 1-2 rash; no liver or gut involvement. Grade II: Stage 3 rash, or stage 1 liver involvement, or stage 1 gut involvement. Grade III: None to stage 3 skin rash with stage 2-3 liver, or stage 2-4 gut involvement. Grade IV: Stage 4 skin rash, or stage 4 liver involvement." (NCT00513474)
Timeframe: Up to 71 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rasburicase Group24
Control Group57

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Overall Survival Comparing Diagnosis Groups

Kaplan-Meier estimate of an event of death estimated at five years post-transplant. 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the logit transform of the Greenwood variance. The transformation was necessary to keep the estimate within the probability space of 0 to 100%. (NCT00534430)
Timeframe: Date of Transplant to Five Years post-Transplant

Interventionpercentage of survival probability (Number)
AML/1CR67
AML/R150
AML/IF30
Active ALL33

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Overall Survival at 5 Years Post-Transplant.

Kaplan-Meier estimate of an event of death estimated at five years post-transplant. 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the logit transform of the Greenwood variance. The transformation was necessary to keep the estimate within the probability space of 0 to 100%. (NCT00534430)
Timeframe: Date of Transplant to Five Years post-Transplant

Interventionpercentage of survival probability (Number)
Busulfan, FTBI and VP1640

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Disease-free Survival at Five Years Post-transplant

Kaplan-Meier estimate of an event of relapse or death estimated at five years post-transplant. 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the logit transform of the Greenwood variance. The transformation was necessary to keep the estimate within the probability space of 0 to 100%. (NCT00534430)
Timeframe: Date of transplant to five years post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of survival probability (Number)
Busulfan, FTBI and VP1640

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Disease-Free Survival at 2-Year Post-Transplant

Kaplan-Meier estimates at 2-years post-transplant, with 95% confidence intervals based on logit limit transformation of Greenwood's variance. Outcome is death or relapse, censor is alive in continual complete remission at the date of last clinical disease assessment. (NCT00534469)
Timeframe: Estimate at 2 years post treatment

InterventionProportion of pts alive in remission (Number)
HD ARA-C Intermediate Cytogenetics0.65

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Disease-Free Survival at 2-Year Post-Transplant by Cytogenetic Risk

Kaplan-Meier estimates at 2-years post-transplant, with 95% confidence intervals based on logit limit transformation of Greenwood's variance. Outcome is death or relapse, censor is alive in continual complete remission at the date of last clinical disease assessment. (NCT00534469)
Timeframe: Kaplan-Meier estimate 2 years post treatment

InterventionProportion of pts alive in remission (Number)
Unfavorable Risk Cytogenetics0.33
Intermediate Risk Cytogenetics0.75
Favorable Risk Cytogenetics0.75
Unknown Risk: Rejected Cytogenetics Study0.73

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)

Assessed using the product-limit based Kaplan Meier method. Additionally, a 95% confidence interval of the distribution will be computed. (NCT00536601)
Timeframe: From the date of transplantation to the date of first observed disease progression or death due to any cause, assessed up to 12 years

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
VCpCyTtCpTtC1500
Solid Tumors43050

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)

Assessed using the product-limit based Kaplan Meier method. Additionally, a 95% confidence interval of the distribution will be computed. (NCT00536601)
Timeframe: From the date of transplantation to the date of first observed disease progression or death due to any cause, assessed up to 12 years

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
BuCy
Acute Leukemia33

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Response Rate (Complete Remission)

Response rates will be reported using descriptive statistics. (NCT00536601)
Timeframe: At 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute Leukemia5
Hodgkin Lymphoma17
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma54
MM/Amyloid17
Solid Tumors7

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)

Assessed using the product-limit based Kaplan Meier method. Additionally, a 95% confidence interval of the distribution will be computed. (NCT00536601)
Timeframe: From the date of transplantation to the date of first observed disease progression or death due to any cause, assessed up to 12 years

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
BuCyCBVVCp
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma22370

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)

Assessed using the product-limit based Kaplan Meier method. Additionally, a 95% confidence interval of the distribution will be computed. (NCT00536601)
Timeframe: From the date of transplantation to the date of first observed disease progression or death due to any cause, assessed up to 12 years

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
Mel120Mel200
MM/Amyloid2213

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Overall Survival, Presented as the Estimate at 10-yrs (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)

Assessed using the product-limit based Kaplan Meier method. (NCT00536601)
Timeframe: Patients are followed up to maximum of 12 years

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
Acute Leukemia33
Hodgkin Lymphoma61
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma45
MM/Amyloid39
Solid Tumors46

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) Distribution of Patients With HL, NHL, and MM for Each Disease-specific High-dose Therapy Regimen, Estimate Provided for 10-yr PFS (Median Follow-up Time in Survivors)

Assessed using the product-limit based Kaplan Meier method. Additionally, a 95% confidence interval of the distribution will be computed. (NCT00536601)
Timeframe: From the date of transplantation to the date of first observed disease progression or death due to any cause, assessed up to 12 years

InterventionProportion of participants (Number)
BuCyCBV
Hodgkin Lymphoma1443

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Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy (Phase I)

The highest dose tested in which fewer than 33% of patients experienced DLT attributable to the study treatment when at least six patients were treated at the dose and are evaluable for toxicity. The MDT is one dose level below the DLT level. At least six patients will be treated at the MTD. (NCT00540995)
Timeframe: from initial treatment date to Day 30 post-transplant

InterventioncGy (Number)
Arm I: 1200cGy1200

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Two-year Overall Survival

Overall survival (OS) was measured from peripheral stem cell infusion to death from any cause. It was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method; the 95% confidence interval was calculated using Greenwood's formula. Participants were followed up to 2 years after transplant and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to generate the two-year Overall Survival estimate presented. (NCT00544115)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years post transplant

Interventionpercentage of survival probability (Number)
Regimen I58
Regimen II50
Regimen III54
Regimen IV50
Regimen V38
Regimen VI50

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Neutrophil Engraftment - The Days Till ANC Recovery

The primary engraftment endpoint, neutrophil engraftment, is defined as the first of three consecutive days on which the absolute neutrophil count is > 500/µL. The duration and extent of neutrophil engraftment is the time from transplant to neutrophil engraftment. (NCT00544115)
Timeframe: Up to 180 days post transplant

Interventiondays (Median)
Regimen I17
Regimen II16
Regimen III15
Regimen IV14
Regimen V18
Regimen VI16

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Survival Rate at Day 100 After Allogeneic Transplant From Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB)

Number of surviving patients at Day 100 post-transplant divided by number of patients undergone transplantation. (NCT00547196)
Timeframe: From transplant to Day 100 post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of surviving patients (Number)
Regimen I (FTBI, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine)100
Regimen III (TBI, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine)100
Regimen IV (Fludarabine, Melphalan)100

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Survival Rate at Day 180 After Allogeneic Transplant From Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB)

Number of surviving patients at Day 180 post-transplant divided by number of patients undergone transplantation. (NCT00547196)
Timeframe: From transplant up to Day 180 post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of surviving patients (Number)
Regimen I (FTBI, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine)60
Regimen III (TBI, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine)100
Regimen IV (Fludarabine, Melphalan)50

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Cumulative Incidence of NK Cell Reconstitution

Cumulative incidence of successful reconstitution to donor level is calculated. (NCT00553202)
Timeframe: At 5 years from HSCT date

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Chemotherapy and Allogeneic SCT)48.1

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS - Time from HSCT until death (NCT00553202)
Timeframe: At 5 years from HSCT date

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Chemotherapy and Allogeneic SCT)45.9

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Disease Relapse

Count of participants with disease relapse at 1 year (NCT00555048)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alemtuzumab0

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Extensive Chronic GVHD

Count of participants with extensive chronic GVHD at 1 year (NCT00555048)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alemtuzumab1

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Grades III-IV Acute Graft-vs-host Disease (GVHD)

(NCT00555048)
Timeframe: Up to 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alemtuzumab0

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Graft Failure

Count of participants with graft failure at day 100 (NCT00555048)
Timeframe: Up to day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alemtuzumab0

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Life-threatening Infection

(NCT00555048)
Timeframe: Up to 180 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alemtuzumab0

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Overall Survival

Count of surviving participants at 1 year (NCT00555048)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Alemtuzumab1

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Two-year Overall Survival for All Cases.

Percent Overall Survival (OS) at two years for all patients. (NCT00556452)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercent overall survival (Number)
Clo/BU428

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One-year Overall Survival Rate for AML

Percent Overall Survival (OS) for at one year for subjects with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). (NCT00556452)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercent overall survival (Number)
Clo/BU448

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Five Year Overall Survival for All Cases

The number of patients alive at 5 years (NCT00556452)
Timeframe: five years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Clo/BU46

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Engraftment Rate After Transplant

Engraftment is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >500/microL x 3 days. (NCT00578292)
Timeframe: up to 30 days

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Infusion1

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Immune Reconstitution

Immune reconstitution: defined as absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) >1000x10e3/microL (NCT00578292)
Timeframe: 1 year post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Infusion8

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Hematopoietic Reconstitution

Hematopoietic: defined as transfusion independence. (NCT00578292)
Timeframe: 1 year post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Infusion7

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Number of Participants With Stable Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism (HC)

Stable hematopoietic chimerism is defined as having 50-99 percent of donor cells. (NCT00578292)
Timeframe: 1 year post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Infusion3

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Number of Participants With CHRONIC GVHD

Chronic GVHD is graded by NIH guidelines for chronic GVHD, which evaluates skin, joints, oral, ocular, hepatic, esophagus, GI, respiratory, platelet, and musculoskeletal involvement, in stages from 0 to 3 where 0 means no chronic GVHD, and 3 is the highest stage of chronic GVHD. (NCT00578292)
Timeframe: Assessed monthly from month 3 to month 12

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Infusion1

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Event-free Survival

Event-free survival is calculated from the date of transplant to the date of graft failure, disease recurrence or death from any cause. (NCT00578292)
Timeframe: up to 2 years post transplant

Interventionprobability of event-free survival (Number)
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Infusion0.7

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Number of Participants With Infectious Complications

All AEs and SAEs (including infections) will be collected for evaluation of infectious complications. (NCT00578292)
Timeframe: up to day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Infusion7

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Number of Participants With Transient Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism (HC)

Transient mixed hematopoietic chimerism is defined as any mixed chimerism return to 100 percent donor. (NCT00578292)
Timeframe: 1 year post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Infusion0

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Number of Participants With Immune Response to Immunization After BMT in Participants With SCD, Hemoglobin SC, or Hemoglobin Sb0/+.

Vaccine response will be measured via a humoral immunity panel evaluating streptococcus pneumonia IgG antibodies (microgram/mL). Panels are obtained pre and 1+ month post vaccination. Standard recommendations define a normal responder as having >4 fold increase in antibody level in 50-70% of the serotypes found in the vaccine. (NCT00578344)
Timeframe: up to 12 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic BMT/SCT Transplant0

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Number of Participants Evaluated for Evidence of Recovery of Organ Function Measured Via MRI or PET Scan.

Assess Number of participants that recovered organ function diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD) or sickle hemoglobin variants after undergoing allogeneic SCT/BMT from HLA genotype identical donors. (NCT00578344)
Timeframe: One year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
StableProgressive
Allogeneic BMT/SCT Transplant42

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Number of Patients That Have Complete Donor Chimerism After Transplant.

To estimate the likelihood of complete donor chimerism for patients with CGD using busulfan, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and alemtuzumab (Campath 1H) as conditioning therapy for SCT from 5/6 or 6/6 HLA-matched unrelated or 5/6 or 6/6 HLA phenotype-matched related donors. (NCT00578643)
Timeframe: 120 days post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Allogeneic Unrelated Transplant13

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Percentage of Participants With Engraftment

To estimate the engraftment rate for patients with CGD using busulfan, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and alemtuzumab (Campath 1H) as conditioning therapy for SCT from 5/6 or 6/6 HLA-matched unrelated or 5/6 or 6/6 HLA phenotype-matched related donors. (NCT00578643)
Timeframe: 28 days post transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Unrelated Transplant100

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Number of Patients With Successful Donor Engraftment

Each patient will be classified as a success or failure. A success will be defined as engraftment of at least 35% of cells 100 days after transplant. (NCT00579111)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
HLA-identical Sibling Transplant2
Unrelated Matched or Single Antigen Mismatched Transplant1

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Number of Participants Experiencing Engraftment Donor Chimerism (EDC)

(NCT00582894)
Timeframe: At time of study termination

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Reduced Intensity Regimen17

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Number of Participants Overall Survival as a Function of Time.

(NCT00582894)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Reduced Intensity Regimen11

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Number of Participants Relapse-Free

(NCT00582894)
Timeframe: 100 days post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Reduced Intensity Regimen5

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Death From GVHD

To establish the early transplant-related severe morbidity and mortality and 3-the incidence and severity of GvHD. (NCT00582933)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Transplant Patients4

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Number of Participants Evaluated for Toxicities

(NCT00588523)
Timeframe: up to 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Participants With Newly Diagnosed Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma60

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Progession Free Survival

To determine the duration of disease control of newly diagnosed pure and mixed anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treated with dose-intensive chemotherapy requiring hematopoietic stem cell support. (NCT00588523)
Timeframe: 2 years

Intervention% of participants without progression (Number)
Participants With Newly Diagnosed Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma85.7

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CD3+ Cell Counts

T-lymphocyte counts (CD3+): mean T-lymphocyte at Baseline and 3 years post gene therapy. Samples were taken from peripheral venous whole blood and tested by cytofluorometry; values are means (10^6/L). (NCT00598481)
Timeframe: baseline up to 3 years post gene therapy

Intervention10^6 cells/L (Geometric Mean)
BaselineYear 1Year 2Year 3
Gene Therapy ITT Population112.5348.3633831.1

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Rate of Severe Infections

Severe infections were defined as those that required hospitalization or those that prolonged hospitalization. The rate of infection was estimated as number of severe infections over person-years of observation (free from severe infections) before and after treatment administration. The first 3 months after gene therapy were not considered in the post-gene therapy analysis, because all subjects were hospitalized during this period. (NCT00598481)
Timeframe: Before Treatment and 3-months post-treatment up to 3 years

InterventionSevere Infections per person year (Number)
Severe Infections (Before Gene Therapy)1.1
Severe Infections (After Gene Therapy)0.429

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Survival

From post-treatment to up to 3 years (NCT00598481)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 years post gene therapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Gene Therapy (Pivotal)12

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Transplantation-related Mortality at 100 Days Post-transplantation

(NCT00611351)
Timeframe: at the 100 days post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Unrelated Donor Allogeneic2

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Overall Survival

(NCT00611351)
Timeframe: 2 years post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Unrelated Donor Allogeneic2

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Incidence of Grade II-IV Acute Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD)

(NCT00611351)
Timeframe: at day 100 post transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Unrelated Donor Allogeneic4

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Event-free Survival

(NCT00611351)
Timeframe: 2 years post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Unrelated Donor Allogeneic2

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Number of Participants With Relapse of Malignancy

the return of disease after its apparent recovery/cessation. (NCT00612716)
Timeframe: 3 Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Transplantation1

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Number of Participants With Platelet Engraftment

Time to platelets > 20,000 (first of 3 consecutive days) with no platelet transfusions for seven days and percentage of patients with platelet engraftment >50,000 by day 100. (NCT00612716)
Timeframe: Day 180

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Transplantation2

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Number of Participants With Persistence Disease

the return of disease after its apparent recovery/cessation. (NCT00612716)
Timeframe: 3 Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Transplantation1

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Number of Participants With Neutrophil Engraftment

Time to 1st 3 consecutive days with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 5 x 10^8/L and percentage of patients with neutrophil recovery by day 42 (Cumulative incidence). (NCT00612716)
Timeframe: Day 42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Transplantation5

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Number of Participants With Grade 3-4 Acute Graft-versus-host Disease

Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe short-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. (NCT00612716)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Transplantation3

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Number of Participants With Engraftment Failure

Graft failure is defined as not accepting donated cells. The donated cells do not make the new white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. (NCT00612716)
Timeframe: 3 Months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Transplantation1

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Number of Participants With 2 Year Overall Survival

"The percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive for a certain period of time after they were diagnosed with or treated for a disease, such as cancer. Also called survival rate.~Overall survival will be defined as time from date enrollment to date of death or censored at the date of last documented contact for patients still alive." (NCT00612716)
Timeframe: 2 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Transplantation1

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Number of Participants With 1 Year Overall Survival

"The percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive for a certain period of time after they were diagnosed with or treated for a disease, such as cancer. Also called survival rate.~Overall survival will be defined as time from date enrollment to date of death or censored at the date of last documented contact for patients still alive." (NCT00612716)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Transplantation2

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Number of Participants With of Chronic GVHD.

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe long-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. (NCT00612716)
Timeframe: 1 Year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Transplantation0

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The Percentage of Patients Alive 1 Year Post Transplant

The primary objective is overall survival, one year from the time of transplant. (NCT00615589)
Timeframe: 1 Year

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Flu-Bu461

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The Percentage of Patients Free From Progression at 1 Year

"One of the secondary outcomes that will be measured is progression free survival at 1 Year.~Progressive Disease (PD) is defined as a >25% increase in serum monoclonal paraprotein, a >25% increase in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion, a >25% increase in plasma cells in bone marrow aspirate, an increase in the size or the development of new bone lesions/soft tissue plasmacytomas, or the development of hypercalcemia." (NCT00615589)
Timeframe: 1 Year

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Flu-Bu440

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Non Relapse Mortality (NRM) at 1 Year and 3 yearsThe Percentage of Deaths Not Attributable to Disease Relapse or Progression

Non relapse mortality, defined as the percentage of deaths not attributable to disease relapse or progression at 1 year and at 3 years. (NCT00615589)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionpercentage of deaths (Number)
NRM at 1 YearNRM at 3 Years
Flu-Bu41929

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Percentage of Patients With Acute and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

"Incidence of acute (Stage II-IV and Stage III-IV) and chronic GVHD (any stage) were analyzed.~Acute GVHD Grading:~Stage II - Skin, 25-50% BSA (Body Surface Area); Liver, 3.1-6mg/dl bilirubin; Gut, 1000-1500ml/day diarrhea Stage III - Skin, generalized erythroderma; Liver, 6.1-15mg/dl bilirubin; Gut, >1500ml/day diarrhea Stage IV - Skin, bullae; Liver, >15mg/dl bilirubin; Gut, pain +/- ileus" (NCT00615589)
Timeframe: 100 days, 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade II-IV Acute GVHDGrade III-IV Acute GVHDChronic GVHD
Flu-Bu4482355

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Number of Patients Alive 24 Months Post Day 100 Transplant

Patients will be followed for survival for 24 months post day 100 transplant. (NCT00619645)
Timeframe: 24 months post day 100 transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RIST for Heme Malignancies3

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Percentage of Participants With Relapse Free Survival at 1 Year

The primary objective was to determine the 1 year relapse free survival rate (RFS) for individuals > 55 years in age with Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in Complete Remission (CR) or Partial Remission (PR) who undergo a 7-8/8 HLA- matched unrelated donor transplant using a reduced intensity regimen. (NCT00623935)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Fludarabine Plus Busulfan56

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Percentage of Participants Alive at 1 Year

One of the secondary objectives was to determine overall survival for patients > 55 years in age with AML undergoing full or reduced transplant with the best available donor. (NCT00623935)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Fludarabine Plus Busulfan58

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Number of Patients Achieving Donor Cell Engraftment

Number of patients with persistent presence of donor-derived cells at Day 100 (NCT00638820)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Patients With Osteopetrosis Who Received Transplant2

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Number of Patients Achieving Engraftment

Rate of successful engraftment - patients who achieved and sustained donor engraftment; donor chimerism by day 100 of at least 90% after undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (NCT00668564)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Intent-to-Treat14

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Overall Survival

Number of patients alive at timepoints. (NCT00668564)
Timeframe: Day 100, 1 Year, 3 Years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Day 1001 Year
Intent-to-Treat1412

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Incidence of Infections, Including Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Infections (i.e., CMV and EBV Reactivation, Including Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders)

(NCT00691015)
Timeframe: Within 6 months after PBSCT

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
All Participants80.85

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Incidence of Chronic GVHD.

(NCT00691015)
Timeframe: Within 2 years after PBSCT

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
All Participants44.68

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Incidence of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

(NCT00691015)
Timeframe: Within 100 days after donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) as assessed by Glucksberg criteria

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
All Participants44.7

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Severity of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

(NCT00691015)
Timeframe: Within 100 days after donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) as assessed by Glucksberg criteria

Intervention% of participants with severe aGVHD (Number)
All Participants33.3

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Time to Engraftment (i.e., Absolute Neutrophil Recovery [ANC > 500/mm³] )

(NCT00691015)
Timeframe: post transplant, up to 4 weeks

InterventionDays (Median)
All Participants11

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Overall Survival.

(NCT00691015)
Timeframe: At 2 years after PBSCT

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
All Participants57.4

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Karnofsky Performance Status Performance Status

"100 - Normal; no complaints; no evidence of disease. 90 - Able to carry on normal activity; minor signs or symptoms of disease. 80 - Normal activity with effort; some signs or symptoms of disease. 70 - Cares for self; unable to carry on normal activity or to do active work. 60 - Requires occasional assistance, but is able to care for most of their personal needs.~50 - Requires considerable assistance and frequent medical care. 40 - Disabled; requires special care and assistance. 30 - Severely disabled; hospital admission is indicated although death not imminent.~20 - Very sick; hospital admission necessary; active supportive treatment necessary.~10 - Moribund; fatal processes progressing rapidly. 0 - Dead" (NCT00691015)
Timeframe: At 90 days after PBSCT

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
All Participants80

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Number of Patients Who Achieved Donor Cell Engraftment

(NCT00775931)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Graft Transplant Conditioning5
Cord Blood Transplant Conditioning0

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Incidence of Grade II - IV Acute Graft-versus-host Disease

(NCT00775931)
Timeframe: by Day 100 after transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Marrow Graft Transplant Conditioning2
Cord Blood Transplant Conditioning0

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Non-relapse Mortality at Day 100 After Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT)

(NCT00782379)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant2

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Number of Patients Who Experienced Severe Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)(Grade 3 or 4)

Number of patients who experienced post-transplant complication (GVHD) as seen by clinical evidence (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant2

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Overall Survival at 12 Months

Overall survival, defined as a patient being alive after transplant, is without regard to disease status. (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant14

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Overall Survival at Day 100

Overall survival is assessed, without regard to disease status, post-transplant, at Day 100. (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant17

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Achievement of >90% (Full) Donor Chimerism in the T-Cell Lineage as Measured by PCR at Day 30 Post-transplantation

Chimerism analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for STR/VNTR (short tandme repeat/variable number tandem repeat) will be performed post transplant. On each occasion, the peripheral blood will be separated into the T-cell component (using e.g. CD3 selection) and the myeloid component (using e.g.CD14/15 selection) before assessment of chimerism. (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: Day 30

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant18

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Achievement of >90% (Full) Donor Chimerism in the T-Cell Lineage as Measured by PCR at Day 60 Post-transplantation

Chimerism analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PCR for STR/VNTR will be performed post transplant. On each occasion, the peripheral blood will be separated into the T-cell component (using e.g. CD3 selection) and the myeloid component (using e.g.CD14/15 selection) before assessment of chimerism. (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: Day 60

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant18

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Achievement of >90% (Full) Donor Chimerism in the T-Cell Lineage as Measured by PCR at Day 90 Post-transplantation

Chimerism analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PCR for STR/VNTR will be performed post transplant. On each occasion, the peripheral blood will be separated into the T-cell component (using e.g. CD3 selection) and the myeloid component (using e.g.CD14/15 selection) before assessment of chimerism. (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: Day 90

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant13

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Disease Free Survival at 12 Months

Disease free survival refers to patients with no evidence of disease after transplant, at the 12 month time point. (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant7

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Disease Free Survival at Day 100

Disease free survival refers to patients with no evidence of disease after transplant, at the Day 100 time point. (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant16

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Incidence of Graft Rejection for Patients at Day 100

Number of patients who experienced graft rejection by Day 100 (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant0

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Non-relapse Mortality at 1 Year After Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT)

Non-relapse mortality refers to whether a patient dies of causes related to something other than the primary disease. (NCT00782379)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Haploidentical Transplant2

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T-cell and Myeloid Chimerism at Days 180 Post-transplantation (>90%)

Chimerism analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PCR for STR/VNTR will be performed post transplant. On each occasion, the peripheral blood will be separated into the T-cell component (using e.g. CD3 selection) and the myeloid component (using e.g.CD14/15 selection) before assessment of chimerism. (NCT00787761)
Timeframe: 180 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RIC Transplant Using ATG, Busulfan, Fludarabine and Cytoxan19

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T-cell and Myeloid Chimerism at Days 90 Post-transplantation (>90% Chimerism)

Chimerism analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PCR for STR/VNTR will be performed post transplant. On each occasion, the peripheral blood will be separated into the T-cell component (using e.g. CD3 selection) and the myeloid component (using e.g.CD14/15 selection) before assessment of chimerism. (NCT00787761)
Timeframe: Day 90

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RIC Transplant Using ATG, Busulfan, Fludarabine and Cytoxan17

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Disease-free Survival (DFS) at 24 Months

Disease Free survival is measured by the amount of time a patient spends in a disease free state after being transplanted. (NCT00787761)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RIC Transplant Using ATG, Busulfan, Fludarabine and Cytoxan13

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Number of Patients Who Experience Severe (Grade 3 or 4) Acute Graft-versus-host Disease

number of patients who experienced post-transplant complication (GVHD) as seen by clinical evidence including but not limited to skin rash, elevated liver function tests, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea. (NCT00787761)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Severe Graft Versus Host Disease2

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Number of Patients Experiencing Extensive Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

Patients who had post-transplant complication (GVHD) as seen by clinical evidence including but not limited to skin rash, elevated liver function tests, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea. (NCT00787761)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RIC Transplant Using ATG, Busulfan, Fludarabine and Cytoxan13

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Non-relapse Mortality (NRM) at Day 180 Post-transplantation

non-relapse mortality refers to the death of a patient for causes other than relapsed disease. (NCT00787761)
Timeframe: Day 180

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RIC Transplant Using ATG, Busulfan, Fludarabine and Cytoxan0

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Overall Survival (OS) at 24 Months

Overall survival refers to the length of time a patient is alive after transplant regardless of whether they have progressive or relapsed disease. (NCT00787761)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
RIC Transplant Using ATG, Busulfan, Fludarabine and Cytoxan16

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Achievement of > 90% (Full) Donor Chimerism in the T-cell Lineage as Measured by PCR at Day 30 Post-transplantation

Chimerism analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PCR for STR/VNTR will be performed post transplant. On each occasion, the peripheral blood will be separated into the T-cell component (using e.g. CD3 selection) and the myeloid component (using e.g.CD14/15 selection) before assessment of chimerism. (NCT00787761)
Timeframe: Day 30

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Transplant Recipients12

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Number of High Risk Pediatric Patients With Successful Sustained Donor Engraftments

Assessed donor engraftment in very high risk pediatric patients. (NCT00795132)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Related BM PBSC16
Unrelated BM PBSC18
Unrelated Cord Blood10

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Two Year Overall Survival

The probability that a given patient will be alive two years after transplantation. (NCT00795132)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionprobability (Mean)
Related BM PBSC0.501
Unrelated BM PBSC0.395
Unrelated Cord Blood0.438

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Non-relapse Mortality

Death of any cause other than relapse or disease progression was considered. (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)8
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)10

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Incidence of Clinically Significant Infections

Collected and graded according to the modified National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria. (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: At 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)53
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)61

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Incidence of Acute or Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

Overall GVHD is determined based on the organ stage, response to treatment and whether GVHD was a major cause of death. Chronic GVHD will be defined according to the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Described as mild, moderate, or severe as graded according to the attached Organ Scoring Sheet. Symptoms consistent with both chronic and acute GVHD occurring after day 100 will be considered overlap chronic GVHD syndrome. (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: At 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)7
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)6

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Duration (Days) Until Participants Obtained Platelet Engraftment

Summarized using a range and median of measure in days until participants reached platelet engraftment. Platelet engraftment was defined as the first of 7 consecutive days when the platelet count exceeded 20 x 109/L (untransfused). (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: At 6 months

Interventiondays (Median)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)31
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)31

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Number of Participants Surviving up to 2 Years Without Disease Progression

Progression-free survival is the time interval from start of treatment to documented evidence of disease progression. Disease progression was defined by European LeukemiaNet 2017 criteria and International Working Group (IWG) within 3 years of transplant. (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)37
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)41

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The Number of Participants Alive at Two-years Follow up.

Overall survival of participants after two-years of follow up. (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)50
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)44

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Number of Patients With Non-relapse Mortality (NRM)

Defined as death from any cause without sign of disease progression or relapse. Loss to follow up are censored, whereas disease relapse or progression are considered competing risks. (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: At day -200

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)7
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)6

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Number of Participants With Secondary Graft Failure

Secondary graft failure is defined as decline of neutrophil count to <500/ul with loss of donor chimerism after day 55 (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)0
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)0

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Number of Participants With Graft Failure/Rejection

"Patients will be considered primary graft failure provided they meet any criteria listed below, in the absence of documented disease persistence/recurrence or active bone marrow infection (ex. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)):~i. Absence of 3 consecutive days with neutrophils >500/u1 combined with host CD3+ peripheral blood chimerism ≥50% at day 42 ii. Absence of 3 consecutive days with neutrophils >500/u1 under any circumstances at day 55 iii. Death after day 28 with neutrophil count <100/u1 without any evidence of engraftment (< 5% donor CD3+) iv. Primary autologous count recovery with < 5% donor CD3+ peripheral blood chimerism at count recovery and without relapse" (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: Up to 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)2
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)5

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Number of Participants With Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD) Grade II-IV by Day 100

Grade I GVHD is characterized as mild disease, grade II GVHD as moderate, grade III as severe, and grade IV life-threatening. Diagnosing and grading acute GVHD is based on clinical findings (the organ stage, response to treatment and whether GVHD was a major cause of death) and frequently varies between transplant centers and independent reviewers. (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)36
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)37

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Incidence of Relapse or Disease Progression

Cumulative incidence estimates using non-relapse mortality as competitive event. (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)17
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)11

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Number of Participants Surviving by 1 Year

Overall survival was measured from the first day of CBT infusion until death from any cause. (NCT00796068)
Timeframe: At 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Low Risk for Graft Failure)51
Arm II (High Risk for Graft Failure)47

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Engraftment as Measured by Donor Chimerism

Percentage of participants who achieved donor chimerism >=95%. (NCT00796562)
Timeframe: Day 60

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Myeloablative Haploidentical BMT91

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Survival

Percentage of participants alive (overall survival) and alive without disease relapse, progression, or diagnosis of myeloid malignancy (event-free survival). Estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00796562)
Timeframe: 1 year, 2 years, 3 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Overall survival, 1 yearOverall survival, 2 yearsOverall survival, 3 yearsEvent-free survival, 1 yearEvent-free survival, 2 yearsEvent-free survival, 3 years
Myeloablative Haploidentical BMT735754585250

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Non-relapse Mortality

Number of participants deceased for reasons other than disease relapse or progression. (NCT00796562)
Timeframe: Day 100, 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
100 days1 year
Myeloablative Haploidentical BMT1010

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Acute GVHD

"Percentage of participants who experience grade II-IV or III-IV acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) by Przepiorka criteria. The stages are defined as follows:~Stage II: Rash on >50% of skin, bilirubin 2-3 mg/dL, or diarrhea 500-1000 mL/day~Stage III: Bilirubin 3-15 mg/dL or diarrhea >1000 mL/day~Stage IV: Generalized erythroderma with bullae or bilirubin >15 mg/dL This outcome was estimated using proportional subdistribution hazard regression model for competing risks (Fine and Gray 1999)" (NCT00796562)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade II-IVGrade III-IV
Myeloablative Haploidentical BMT114

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Chronic GVHD

Percentage of participants who experience chronic GVHD. Chronic GVHD is graded using NIH consensus criteria and Seattle criteria. This outcome was estimated using proportional subdistribution hazard regression model for competing risks (Fine and Gray 1999) (NCT00796562)
Timeframe: 6 months, 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
6 months12 months
Myeloablative Haploidentical BMT415

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Relapse

Percentage of participants who experienced disease progression or relapse. This outcome was estimated using proportional subdistribution hazard regression model for competing risks (Fine and Gray 1999) (NCT00796562)
Timeframe: 1 year, 3 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
1 year3 years
Myeloablative Haploidentical BMT3543

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2-year Progression-Free Survival

Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the interval between day of transplant and day of death or disease progression. (NCT00800839)
Timeframe: First 25-35 days post transplant and then every 3 months for a maximum of 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Busulfan + Fludarabine + Cyclophosphamide26

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Cumulative Incidence of Grade III to IV Acute GVHD

Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) defined as grade 3 to 4 GVHD within first 100 days post transplant. Death or disease progression before diagnosis of GVHD were considered competing risks in the estimation of the incidence of acute GVHD. (NCT00800839)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

Interventionpercentage of incidence (Number)
Busulfan + Fludarabine + Cyclophosphamide22

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Cumulative Incidence of Grade II to IV Acute GVHD

Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) defined as grade 2 to 4 GVHD within first 100 days post transplant. Death or disease progression before diagnosis of GVHD were considered competing risks in the estimation of the incidence of acute GVHD. (NCT00800839)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

Interventionpercentage of incidence (Number)
Busulfan + Fludarabine + Cyclophosphamide53

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2-year Overall Survival

Overall Survival (OS) is defined as the interval between day of transplant and day of death. (NCT00800839)
Timeframe: First 25-35 days post transplant and then every 3 months for a maximum of 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Busulfan + Fludarabine + Cyclophosphamide33

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Rate of Engraftment

Engraftment defined as the evidence of donor derived cells (more than 5%) by bone marrow chimerism studies in the presence of neutrophil recovery by day 28 post stem cell (SC) infusion. Engraftment date is the first day of three (3) consecutive days that the ANC exceeds 0.5 x109/L. Delayed engraftment is defined as the evidence of engraftment beyond day 28 post SC infusion achieved after the administration of therapeutic (high dose) hematopoietic growth factors. (NCT00800839)
Timeframe: From engraftment to 60 days post transplant

Interventiondays (Median)
Busulfan + Fludarabine + Cyclophosphamide18

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Time to Platelet Engraftment

Following MAC AutoSCT, the median time to platelet recovery will be measured. (NCT00802113)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post-transplantation

Interventiondays (Mean)
Arm A - Family Donor22
Arm B - Unrelated Cord Blood or Adult53

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Total Number of Subjects With a Complete Response (CR) Following Myeloablative Conditioning (MAC) and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (AutoSCT)

Complete Response is defined as the complete resolution of B symptoms (i.e., weight loss, night sweats and fever) and normalization of all sites of disease on the basis of physical exam, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies. (NCT00802113)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post-transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A - Family Donor4
Arm B - Unrelated Cord Blood or Adult12

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Total Number of Subjects With Partial Response or Stable Disease Following MAC AutoSCT

Total includes subjects with partial response and patients with stable disease, defined as <50% reduction in measurable disease or the uninterrupted persistence of B symptoms. (NCT00802113)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post-transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A - Family Donor4
Arm B - Unrelated Cord Blood or Adult9

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Total Number of Subjects With Grade II-IV Acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GVHD)

The criteria for grading is based on extent of organ involvement (i.e., Skin, Liver and Gut - rash on >50% of skin, bilirubin 2-3 mg/dl, diarrhea > 500 ml/day) with Grade II being better outcome and Grade IV being worse outcome. (NCT00802113)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post-transplantation

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm A - Family Donor0
Arm B - Unrelated Cord Blood or Adult7

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Time to Neutrophil Engraftment

Following MAC AutoSCT, the median time to neutrophil (PMN) recovery will be measured. (NCT00802113)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post-transplantation

Interventiondays (Mean)
Arm A - Family Donor16
Arm B - Unrelated Cord Blood or Adult24

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Total Number of Subjects With a Disease Relapse or Progression Following MAC AutoSCT

Includes subjects with any measurable growth of disease in a previously affected site or detection of disease in a new site confirmed by biopsy. (NCT00802113)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post-transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A - Family Donor1
Arm B - Unrelated Cord Blood or Adult3

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To Determine the Optimal Regimen of Post-graft Immunosuppression With High-dose Cy Following Fludarabine, Busulfan, and Transplantation of Fully HLA-matched Bone Marrow That Leads to an Acceptable Incidence of Grades III/IV Acute GVHD

Percentage of participants with grade III-IV acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). GVHD is graded on a combination of skin symptoms (rash), gut symptoms (diarrhea), and liver symptoms (using a lab test called bilirubin). Grades range from I to IV, where I is the least severe and IV is the most severe. (NCT00809276)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
BuFlu Transplant15

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Number of Participants With Molecular Response

Molecular Remission defined as two consecutive bone marrow samples done one month apart with negative PCR( polymerase chain reaction) tor CML. (NCT00813124)
Timeframe: 12 month post BMT

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete ResponsePartial ResponseProgressive Disease
Azacytidine Maintenance After Allotx804

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Complete Donor Chimerism

Complete donor chimerism (defined as >/= 95% donor cells in peripheral blood CD3+ and CD33+ was measured. (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation26

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Neutrophil Recovery

The number of patients experiencing neutrophil recovery post transplant (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation35

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Number of Patients Requiring the Use of Donor Leukocyte Infusion (DLI) for Early Mixed T-cell Chimerism

DLI is used for patients with mixed chimerism following transplant (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation19

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Overall Survival at 1 Year

Evaluation of overall survival at 1 year (# of patients who are alive at 1 year post-transplant) (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation26

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Platelet Engraftment

The number of patients experiencing platelet engraftment post-transplant (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation35

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Survival at Day 100

Survival at Day 100 (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: 100 day

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation35

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Non-relapse Mortality at Day 100

patients are evaluable for their cause of death at Day 100 (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation1

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Number of Patients Experiencing Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

(NCT00818961)
Timeframe: >100 days post-transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation20

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Number of Patients Experiencing Grade 2-4 Acute Graft-versus-host Disease Post-transplant

patients experiencing acute graft versus host disease post-transplant (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: patients were followed for 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation15

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Non-relapse Mortality at 1 Year Post-transplant

Number of patients who died of non-relapse causes at one year. this is in clusive of all patients who were transplanted on study even though only 10 patients died at by 1 year time point. This outcome will be referenced in the donor chimerism outcome. Only 26/36 patients were eligible for this time point as that is all that were alive. (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation4

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Number of Patients Experiencing Veno-occlusive Disease (VOD) Post-transplant

Patients will be evaluated up to 4 years post transplant (NCT00818961)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation0

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Number of Participants Alive With no Disease Progression at Time of Allo Transplant

In Phase II portion of study, number of participants with treatment failure defined as either disease recurrence or death, measured from start of treatment to allo transplant at Day 0. (NCT00822770)
Timeframe: Baseline till transplant, Day -9 to Day 0, to 10 days

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Participants inParticipants not in Complete Remission
Overall Study: Plerixafor + G-CSF1616

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Number of Participants With Grade 4 Dose Limiting Toxicity to Determine Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) Plerixafor

Phase I determination of MTD dose of Plerixafor in combination with a fixed dose of Filgrastim where dose limiting toxicity defined as any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity observed within 28 days from Day 0 (day of transplant). (NCT00822770)
Timeframe: 28 day cycle (Plerixafor Day -7 to Day -4)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
0 mcg/kg daily80 mcg/kg daily160 mcg/kg daily240 mcg/kg daily
Phase I Plerixafor + G-CSF1474

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Engraftment Response Rate: Number of Transplanted Participants With Complete Chimerism at Day 30

Number of participants with complete chimerism at day 30 where defined as: Engraftment: first day of three (3) consecutive days that Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) exceeds 0.5 X 109/L. Subsequent chimerism studies must demonstrate the presence of donor derived cells. Graft Failure: failure to achieve an ANC >0.5 X 109/L for 3 consecutive days within 28 days after transplantation or a decline of ANC <0.5 x 109/L for three consecutive days after initial documented engraftment unless this is correlated with progression / recurrence of the underlying malignancy. (NCT00822770)
Timeframe: 30 Days post engraftment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Overall Study: Plerixafor + G-CSF32

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Relapse Rate of Participants Treated With Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Clofarabine

Relapse Rate will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00857389)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Conditioning Reg- Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Clofarabine26

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Overall Survival Rate

Overall Survival Rate will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT00857389)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years post transplant

Interventiondays (Median)
Conditioning Reg- Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Clofarabine320

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Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events

Severity of toxicities graded according to the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Effects (CTCAE) v3.0. Standard reporting guidelines followed for adverse events. Safety data summarized by category, severity and frequency. (NCT00857389)
Timeframe: up to 30 days post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Conditioning Reg- Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Clofarabine52

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Number of Participants With Disease Free Survival

Kaplan-Meier product limit method to estimate the disease free survival. (NCT00857389)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Conditioning Reg- Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Clofarabine32

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Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD)

Severity of toxicities graded according to the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Effects (CTCAE) v3.0. Standard reporting guidelines followed for adverse events. Safety data summarized by category, severity and frequency. (NCT00857389)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Conditioning Reg- Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Clofarabine34

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Engraftment

Engraftment is most commonly defined as the first of three consecutive days of achieving a sustained peripheral blood neutrophil count of >500 × 10^6/L . (NCT00857389)
Timeframe: up to 100 days post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Conditioning Reg- Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Clofarabine52

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Number of Participants With Survival Rate at 100 Days Post-transplant

The toxicities will be monitored and scored on a daily basis following the methods of Simon R. Practical Bayesian Guideline for Phase IIB Clinical Trials. A Bayesian stopping rule will be used to stop the trial if there is a 90% chance that the true toxicity rate exceeds the target toxicity rate of 0.25. (NCT00857389)
Timeframe: 100 days post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Conditioning Reg- Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Clofarabine45

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Number of Patients With Grade II-IV Acute Graft-versus-host Disease

Number of patients diagnosed with overall grade II-IV acute GVHD by Day 100 post transplant (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: Day 100 post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)44
Regimen B (UBCT)8

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Immune Reconstitution Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Number of patients with immune reconstitution (defined by a normal range CD3) at 1 year post transplant (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: 1 year following transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)39
Regimen B (UBCT)4

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Disease Response at One Year Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Number of patients with no evidence of disease at one year following transplant (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: 1 year following transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)78
Regimen B (UBCT)8

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Non-relapse Mortality

Number of patients who experienced non-relapse mortality by 1 year following transplant (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: 1 year following transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)2
Regimen B (UBCT)5

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Number of Participants With Infections

Number of participants with clinically significant infections (bacterial, fungal, viral) requiring treatment within 100 days following transplant (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)57
Regimen B (UBCT)9

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Number of Patients With of Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease

Number of patients diagnosed with chronic GVHD and requiring systemic immunosuppression within 1 year following transplant (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: 1 year following transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)29
Regimen B (UBCT)5

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Overall Survival

Number of patients alive at 1 year following transplant (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: 1 year following transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)80
Regimen B (UBCT)9

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Preliminary Efficacy

Number of patients engrafted (>5% donor CD3+ peripheral blood chimerisms) at 1 year following transplant (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: 1 year following transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)83
Regimen B (UBCT)10

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Donor Chimerism CD3 at 100 Days Post Transplant

Number of patients with peripheral blood donor chimerism for CD3 less than 5%, 5-49%, 50-94% and greater than or equal to 95% at 100 days post transplant. (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: Day 100 post transplant

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Greater than equal to 95%50 - 94%5-49%Less than 5%
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)492960
Regimen B (UBCT)7211

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Donor Chimerism CD33 at Day 100 Post Transplant

Number of patients with peripheral blood donor chimerism for CD33 less than 5%, 5-49%, 50-94% and greater than or equal to 95% at 100 days post transplant. (NCT00919503)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Greater than equal to 95%50-94%5-49%Less than 5%
Regimen A (PBSCT and BMT)72840
Regimen B (UBCT)7221

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Relapse-free Survival

Number of participants without progressive disease at the end of the study period, using the definitions for complete response, partial response and progressive disease from the International Myeloma Working Group . (NCT00941720)
Timeframe: at 6 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Busulfan Treatment48

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Pulmonary Toxicity

Toxicity criteria will be assessed and graded according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0. Estimated using exact 95% binomial confidence intervals. (NCT00941720)
Timeframe: At 6 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Busulfan Treatment3.5

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Overall Survival

Number of patients alive at the end of the study period (NCT00941720)
Timeframe: at 6 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Busulfan Treatment53

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Maximum Tolerated Dose

Maximally tolerated area under the curve of intravenous busulfan (Busulfan®) in combination with fludarabine as conditioning regimen for transplantation with in-vivo T-cell depletion. The number reported will be an Area Under the Curve (AUC) measure reported in µmol-min/L. (NCT00943319)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionmmol-min/L (Number)
Busulfan and Fludarabine6800

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Disease Free Survival

Disease Free Survival measured by median survival time in days (NCT00943319)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventiondays (Median)
Busulfan and Fludarabine172

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Overall Survival

Overall Survival measured as median survival in days (NCT00943319)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventiondays (Median)
Busulfan and Fludarabine161

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Percentage of Participants With Incidence of Acute (Grade II-IV) and Chronic Graft-vs-host Disease(GVHD)

"Acute GVHD is defined by the Przepiorka criteria, which stages the degree of organ involvement in the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, based on severity, with Stage 1+ being least severe and stage 4+ being the most severe. Grading of acute GVHD is as follows: Grade II (skin involvement stages 1+ to 3+, liver 1+, GI tract 1+), Grade III (skin involvement stages 2+ to 3+, liver 1+, GI tract 2+ to 4+), Grade IV (skin involvement stages 4+, Liver 4+).~Chronic GVHD is assessed by NIH consensus development project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic graft-versus-host disease: I. Diagnosis and staging working group report. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2005; 11:945-56., for grading criteria. (See Citation: Filipovich AH et al)~The incidence of patients with acute GVHD (Grade II-IV) was determined at 180 days. The incidence of Chronic GVHD by 2 years was reported" (NCT00943800)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Acute GVHD (grade II-IV)Chronic GVHD
Treatment Group16.13.4

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Overall Survival- Percentage of Participants Who Survived at 2 Years and 5 Years

We reported overall survival at 2 years and 5 years after transplant (NCT00943800)
Timeframe: up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Two-year overall survivalFive-year overall survival
Treatment Group43.732.9

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Percentage of Participants With Neutrophil Engraftment

Cumulative incidence of graft failure (neutrophil) by day 28 was reported. Patients who did not have neutrophil engraftment before death was considered as a competing risk. Failure to engraft was defined as lack of evidence of hematopoietic recovery (ANC <500/mm3 and platelet count < 20,000/mm3) by day +35, confirmed by a biopsy revealing a marrow cellularity < 5%. Graft failure was also defined as initial myeloid engraftment by day +35, documented to be of donor origin, followed by a drop in the ANC to < 500/mm3 for more than three days, independent of any myelosuppressive drugs, severe GVHD, CMV, or other infection. (NCT00943800)
Timeframe: Transplant (Day 0) through Day +28

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment Group85.1

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Number of Progression Events in 2 Years.

The time of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) was defined as the time from transplantation to the occurrence of the event that was death or first recurrence of progressive disease. (NCT00948090)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionEvent (Number)
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (≤ 65 Years)41
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (> 65 Years)1
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (≤ 65 Years)46
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (> 65 Years)8

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Overall Response Rate

The overall response status is complete response and not complete response (partial remission, primary refractory/primary induction failure, stable disease, progressive disease, and relapse) at Baseline and each of the scheduled follow-up time points. (NCT00948090)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 100, Month 6, 12, 24, Early termination and End of Trial (within 30 days of the trial termination)

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Baseline-Complete Response (N=65, 0, 121, 16)Baseline-Not Complete Response (N=65, 1, 121, 16)Day 100-Complete Response (N=57, 0, 114, 12)Day 100-Not Complete Response (N=57, 0, 114, 12)Month 6-Complete Response (N=45, 0, 98, 11)Month 6-Not Complete Response (N=45, 0, 98, 11)Month 12-Complete Response (N=32, 0, 88, 8)Month 12-Not Complete Response (N=32, 0, 88, 0)Month 24-Complete Response (N=13, 0, 28, 6)Month 24-Not Complete Response (N=13, 0, 28, 0)Early Term-Complete Response (N=40, 0, 41, 0)Early Term-Not Complete Response (N=40, 0, 41, 5)End of Trial-Complete Response (N=22, 0, 71, 9)End of Trial-Not Complete Response(N=22, 0, 71, 9)
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (> 65 Years)01000000000000
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (≤ 65 Years)3530352230152210112238202
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (> 65 Years)124849280600581
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (≤ 65 Years)7249852984147117262437656

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Number of Death Events in 2 Years.

The time of overall survival was defined as the time from transplantation to death of all causes. (NCT00948090)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionDeaths (Number)
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (≤ 65 Years)13
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (> 65 Years)1
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (≤ 65 Years)28
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (> 65 Years)6

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Number of Participants With Chronic GvHD

Number of participants with chronic GVHD graded by the method of Przepiorka et al, which evaluates skin, joints, oral, ocular, hepatic, esophagus, GI, respiratory, platelet, and musculoskeletal involvement, in stages from 0 to 3. (NCT00950846)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant Treatment Plan1

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Overall Survival at 1 Year After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant in Pediatric Patients.

To determine the overall survival rate at 1 year after umbilical cord blood transplant in pediatric patients with myeloid hematological malignancies. (NCT00950846)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionprobability of overall survival (Number)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant Treatment Plan0.868

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Overall Survival at 100 Days After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant in Pediatric Patients.

To determine the overall survival rate at 100 days after umbilical cord blood transplant in pediatric patients with myeloid hematological malignancies. (NCT00950846)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionprobability of overall survival (Number)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant Treatment Plan0.947

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Overall Survival at 3 Years After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant in Pediatric Patients.

To determine the overall survival rate at 3 years after umbilical cord blood transplant in pediatric patients with myeloid hematological malignancies. (NCT00950846)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionprobability of overall survival (Number)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant Treatment Plan0.868

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Number of Participants With Donor Engraftment After Transplant.

To evaluate donor engraftment at 100 days, 6 and 12 months after transplant. (NCT00950846)
Timeframe: 100 days, 6 months and 12 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
100 days6 months12 months
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant Treatment Plan363333

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Incidence of Severe Grade III-IV Acute GvHD at Day 100.

Number of participants with acute GVHD graded by the method of Przepiorka et al, which evaluates skin involvement, lower and upper GI, and liver function (bilirubin), each being graded in stages from 0 to 4, where 0 means no acute GVHD, and 4 is the highest stage of acute GVHD. (NCT00950846)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant Treatment Plan1

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Overall Survival at 3 Years

Overall Survival is defined as time from date of transplant to event (death from any cause) or last follow-up. (NCT00987480)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Chemotherapy-based Cytoreductive Regimen Plus a CD34+ Selected80

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Disease-free Survival at 3 Years

"Defined as time from date of transplant to relapse, graft rejection or graft failure, or death.~Primary non-engraftment is diagnosed when the participants fails to achieve an ANC >/= 500/ul at any time in the first 28 days post-transplant.~For participants with MDS or AML, relapse will be analyzed as to type and genetic origin of the MDS/leukemic cells. These will be defined by an increasing number of blasts in the marrow over 5% by the presence of circulating peripheral blasts, or by the presence of blasts in any extramedullary site. Cytogenetic analysis of the marrow and/or peripheral blood will also be obtained for the diagnosis of relapse." (NCT00987480)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Chemotherapy-based Cytoreductive Regimen Plus a CD34+ Selected77.8

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The Incidence of Acute GvHD

(NCT00987480)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Chemotherapy-based Cytoreductive Regimen Plus a CD34+ Selected6.7

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Percentage of Participants With Overall Disease Response at Month 6

The percentage of participants reported in each disease category by International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) uniform response criteria for Multiple Myeloma 6 months after autologous Hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Overall Disease Response categories were: [stringent Complete Response (sCR)=CR + normal Free Light Chain (FLC) ratio + absence of clonal cells in bone marrow], [Complete Response (CR)=Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine and disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas and ≤5% plasma cells in bone marrow], [Very Good Partial Response (VGPR)=Serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or 90% or greater reduction in serum M-protein + urine M-protein level <100 mg/24 hour], [Partial Response (PR)=≥50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urine M-protein by ≥90% or to <200 mg per 24 hour], [Stable Disease (SD)=Not meeting criteria for CR, VGPR, PR or progressive disease] or [Progressive Disease (PD)]. (NCT01009840)
Timeframe: 6 Months

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
sCR or CR or VGPRPR or SD or PDNot Assessed
IV Busulfan20.070.010.0

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Ratio Area Under Curve (AUC)/Target AUC

A test dose of IV busulfan 0.8 mg/kg was infused at Baseline (Day -12 to -9) to verify a target busulfan integrated AUC of 20,000 μM*min with a range of 16,000 to 24,000. If necessary the dose could be adjusted. The PK-directed dose recommendation based on the test dose was administered at Day -5. Blood samples for PK analysis were collected at 0, 15, 30 minutes after the End of Infusion and 240, 300, 360 minutes after start of the infusion. Gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS) was used to determine the busulfan level in plasma. The ratio was calculated: AUC/Target AUC. (NCT01009840)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -12 to -9), Day -5

InterventionRatio (Median)
IV Busulfan1.00

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Progression-free Survival

Progression-free Survival (PFS) defined as the time from transplantation to the occurrence of the event that was death or first recurrence of progressive disease (PD) by IMWG criteria. PD was defined as an Increase of ≥25% from the lowest response value in any one or more of the following: 1)Serum M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥0.5 g/dL), 2)Urine M-component and/or (the absolute increase must be ≥200 mg/24 hr), 3)In patients without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels; the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels. The absolute increase must be >10 mg/dL, 4)Bone marrow plasma cell percentage; the absolute percentage must be ≥10%, 5)Definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or definite increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas and/or 6)Development of hypercalcaemia that can be attributed solely to the plasma cell proliferative diso (NCT01009840)
Timeframe: 6 Months

InterventionDays (Median)
IV Busulfan191

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Overall Survival

Overall Survival was defined as the time in days from transplantation to death due to all causes. (NCT01009840)
Timeframe: 6 Months

InterventionDays (Median)
IV BusulfanNA

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Percentage of Participants With Progression-free Survival Events

Progression-free survival events are death or first recurrence of progressive disease by International Myeloma Working Group Criteria. (NCT01009840)
Timeframe: 6 Months

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
IV Busulfan50.0

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Percentage of Participants With Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Based on Baltimore Criteria

The Baltimore criteria for veno-occlusive disease was defined as the development of hyperbilirubinemia with serum bilirubin > 2 mg/dl within 21 days after transplantation and at least 2 of the following clinical signs and symptoms: (1) hepatomegaly, usually painful, (2) > 5% weight gain, or (3) ascites. (NCT01009840)
Timeframe: 6 Months

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
IV Busulfan0.0

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Percent Difference Between Area Under Curve (AUC) and Target AUC

A test dose of IV busulfan 0.8 mg/kg was infused at Baseline (Day -12 to -9) to verify a target busulfan integrated AUC of 20,000 μM*min with a range of 16,000 to 24,000. If necessary the dose could be adjusted. The PK-directed dose recommendation based on the test dose was administered at Day -5. Blood samples for PK analysis were collected at 0, 15, 30 minutes after the End of Infusion and 240, 300, 360 minutes after start of the infusion. GC-MS was used to determine the busulfan level in plasma. The percent difference was calculated between AUC and the Target AUC. (NCT01009840)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -12 to -9), Day -5

InterventionPercent difference (Median)
IV Busulfan-0.22

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Percent Change in IV Busulfan Dose

The percent change in dose is relative to the busulfan dose administered at the Baseline Visit (Day -12 to -9) when a dose of 0.8 mg/kg was administered and on Day -5 when the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance recommended PK-adjusted dose was administered. (NCT01009840)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -12 to -9), Day -5

InterventionPercent change (Median)
IV Busulfan7.55

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Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival Events

Overall Survival Event was death. (NCT01009840)
Timeframe: 6 Months

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
IV Busulfan13.3

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2-year Progression-free Survival in Early Disease Participants

"Percentage of participants who were alive and progression free at 2 years for participants with early disease stage. The 2 year progression free survival, with 95% confidence interval, was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method.~A progression is defined as one of the following events:~>= 50% increase in the products of at least two lymph nodes on two consecutive determinations two weeks apart (at least one lymph node must be >= 2 cm); appearance of new palpable lymph nodes.~>= 50% increase in the size of the liver and/or spleen as determined by measurement below the respective costal margin; appearance of palpable hepatomegaly or splenomegaly, which was not previously present.~> 50% increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes with an absolute increase > 5000/μL.~Transformation to a more aggressive histology (i.e., Richter's syndrome or prolymphocytic leukemia with >= 56% prolymphocytes)." (NCT01027000)
Timeframe: 2 years post-registration

Interventionpercentage of participants (Median)
Treatment (Combination of Chemotherapy and Transplant)79.5

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Number of Patients With Grade 3 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

"GVHD grading is performed using modified Glucksberg criteria and is as follows:~grade 0: absence of any skin, liver and/or gastrointestinal (GI) involvement grade 1: skin stage 1 or 2 only grade 2: skin stage 3 or liver stage 1 or lower GI stage 1 or upper GI involvement grade 3: skin stage 0 - 3 plus liver stage 2-4 or lower GI stage 2-3 grade 4: skin stage 4 or lower GI stage 4" (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Transplant Patients2

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Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant

Donor cell chimerism is defined as the percentage of bone marrow and blood cells in the recipient that are of donor origin. (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionpercentage of donor cells (Mean)
Transplant Patients90

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Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant

Donor cell chimerism is defined as the percentage of bone marrow and blood cells in the recipient that are of donor origin. (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: Day 28

Interventionpercentage of donor cells (Mean)
Transplant Patients95

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Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant

Donor cell chimerism is defined as the percentage of bone marrow and blood cells in the recipient that are of donor origin. (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: Day 42

Interventionpercentage of donor cells (Mean)
Transplant Patients93

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Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant

Donor cell chimerism is defined as the percentage of bone marrow and blood cells in the recipient that are of donor origin. (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: One year

Interventionpercentage of donor cells (Mean)
Transplant Patients99

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Number of Patients Who Died Peri-Transplant

Peri-transplant is defined as within 100 days of transplant. (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: By Day 100 Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Transplant Patients2

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Donor Cell Chimerism Following Transplant

Donor cell chimerism is defined as the percentage of bone marrow and blood cells in the recipient that are of donor origin. (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of donor cells (Mean)
Transplant Patients94

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Number of Patients With Grade 4 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

"GVHD grading is performed using modified Glucksberg criteria and is as follows:~grade 0: absence of any skin, liver and/or gastrointestinal (GI) involvement grade 1: skin stage 1 or 2 only grade 2: skin stage 3 or liver stage 1 or lower GI stage 1 or upper GI involvement grade 3: skin stage 0 - 3 plus liver stage 2-4 or lower GI stage 2-3 grade 4: skin stage 4 or lower GI stage 4" (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Transplant Patients5

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Number of Patients With Grade 2 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

"GVHD grading is performed using modified Glucksberg criteria and is as follows:~grade 0: absence of any skin, liver and/or gastrointestinal (GI) involvement grade 1: skin stage 1 or 2 only grade 2: skin stage 3 or liver stage 1 or lower GI stage 1 or upper GI involvement grade 3: skin stage 0 - 3 plus liver stage 2-4 or lower GI stage 2-3 grade 4: skin stage 4 or lower GI stage 4" (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Transplant Patients5

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Number of Patients With Grade 0 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

"GVHD grading is performed using modified Glucksberg criteria and is as follows:~grade 0: absence of any skin, liver and/or gastrointestinal (GI) involvement grade 1: skin stage 1 or 2 only grade 2: skin stage 3 or liver stage 1 or lower GI stage 1 or upper GI involvement grade 3: skin stage 0 - 3 plus liver stage 2-4 or lower GI stage 2-3 grade 4: skin stage 4 or lower GI stage 4" (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Transplant Patients32

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Number of Patients With Donor Derived Engraftment

Donor derived engraftment is defined as 80 percent or greater donor cells in the recipient's bone marrow and blood cells. (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Transplant Patients42

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Number of Patients With Grade 1 Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

"GVHD grading is performed using modified Glucksberg criteria and is as follows:~grade 0: absence of any skin, liver and/or gastrointestinal (GI) involvement grade 1: skin stage 1 or 2 only grade 2: skin stage 3 or liver stage 1 or lower GI stage 1 or upper GI involvement grade 3: skin stage 0 - 3 plus liver stage 2-4 or lower GI stage 2-3 grade 4: skin stage 4 or lower GI stage 4" (NCT01043640)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Transplant Patients2

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Number of Participants With Grades II-IV Acute GVHD

Determined with death as a competing risk. Defined and staged using the 1994 consensus conference modifications of the Glucksberg criteria. (NCT01044745)
Timeframe: At day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Rituximab and Allogeneic HCT Transplant)16

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Event-free Survival

Estimated using Kaplan-Meier estimator. (NCT01044745)
Timeframe: From the date of transplant with relapse/progression or death as censored events, up to 2 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment (Rituximab and Allogeneic HCT Transplant)12

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Overall Survival

Estimated using Kaplan-Meier estimator. (NCT01044745)
Timeframe: From the date of transplant with death from any cause as a censored event, up to 2 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment (Rituximab and Allogeneic HCT Transplant)12

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Overall Survival

Number of participants that were alive. (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: At 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I4

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Recurrence or Relapse

Number of subjects that had disease recurrence (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: one year in patients post UCBT

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I2

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Recurrence or Relapse

Number of subjects that had disease recurrence (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: two years post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I2

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Incidence of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

Number of participants that had acute GVHD (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: At 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I11

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Hematologic Engraftment

Number of participants that were able to complete engraftment by day 42. (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: On day +42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I10

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Overall Survival

Number of participants that were alive. (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: At 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I6

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Disease Free

Number of participants that were disease free (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: At 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I4

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Disease Free

Number of participants that were disease free (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: At 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I4

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Incidence of Chronic GVHD

Number of participants that have chronic GVHD. Chronic GVHD will be diagnosed and graded on clinical and histological criteria from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: At 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I1

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Occurrence of Serious Infections

Number of participants that had infections (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I13

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Overall Survival

Number of participants alive at 180 days post engraftment. (NCT01093586)
Timeframe: On day +180

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I8

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Survival and Disease-free Survival (DFS)

(NCT01119066)
Timeframe: 1 year post transplant

,,,
Intervention% of pts at 1 year post transplant (Number)
SurvivalDisease free survival
Busulfan, Melphalan and Fludarabine83.873.7
Clofarabine, Melphalan and Thiotepa85.183.0
Melphalan, Fludarabine and Thiotepa81.872.7
Total Body Irradiation, Thiotepa and Cyclophosphamide80.868.3

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Survival and Disease-free Survival (DFS)

(NCT01119066)
Timeframe: 2 years post transplant

,,,
Intervention% of pts at 2 years (Number)
SurvivalDisease Free Survival
Busulfan, Melphalan and Fludarabine72.162.1
Clofarabine, Melphalan and Thiotepa63.859.6
Melphalan, Fludarabine and Thiotepa71.662.3
Total Body Irradiation, Thiotepa and Cyclophosphamide68.758.9

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Survival and Disease-free Survival (DFS)

(NCT01119066)
Timeframe: at 6 months post transplant

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
SurvivalDisease Free Survival
Busulfan, Melphalan and Fludarabine92.489.0
Clofarabine, Melphalan and Thiotepa87.285.1
Melphalan, Fludarabine and Thiotepa90.990.9
Total Body Irradiation, Thiotepa and Cyclophosphamide93.382.5

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The Incidence of Durable Hematopoietic Engraftment for T-cell Depleted Transplants Fractionated by the CliniMACS System Administered After Each of the Four Disease Targeted Cytoreduction Regimens.

(NCT01119066)
Timeframe: 3 years

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
EngraftedPrimary Graft FailureLate graft failureNot Evaluable Engraftment
Busulfan, Melphalan and Fludarabine205050
Clofarabine, Melphalan and Thiotepa45020
Melphalan, Fludarabine and Thiotepa10010
Total Body Irradiation, Thiotepa and Cyclophosphamide118011

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Number of Participants With Acute and Chronic GVHD Following T-cell Depleted, CD34+ Progenitor Cell Enriched Transplants Fractionated by the CliniMACS System.

Standard BMT-CTN and IBMTR systems clinical criteria as defined by Rowlings, et al will be used to establish and grade acute GvHD. Chronic GvHD will be diagnosed and graded according to the criteria of Sullivan (CIBMTR). (NCT01119066)
Timeframe: 3 years

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
aGVHD II-IVcGVHD, LimitedcGVHD, Extensive
Busulfan, Melphalan and Fludarabine6041
Clofarabine, Melphalan and Thiotepa1011
Melphalan, Fludarabine and Thiotepa201
Total Body Irradiation, Thiotepa and Cyclophosphamide3428

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Proportion of Participants With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma With Progression-free (PFS)

(NCT01131169)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionProportion of participants PFS (Number)
Relapsed Multiple Myeloma0.31

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Proportion of Participants With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Alive at 2 Years

(NCT01131169)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionProportion of pts alive at 2 years (Number)
Relapsed Multiple Myeloma0.54

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Graft Failure

Percentage of participants who failed to engraft. (NCT01135329)
Timeframe: Day 60

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Transplant8

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100-day Mortality

The number of death reported within the first 100 days after transplant. (NCT01168219)
Timeframe: Up to 100 days post-treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Chemotherapy and Transplant)10

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Overall Survival (OS)

Overall survival rate (percentage) at 2 and 5 years is defined as the percentage of patients who are still alive 2 and 5 years after date of transplantation respectively. Estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator. (NCT01168219)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
OS at 2 yearsOS at 5 years
Treatment (Chemotherapy and Transplant)45.731.2

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Progression-free Survival

"Progression-free survival rate (percentage) at 2 and 5 years is defined as the percentage of patients who are alive and progression free at 2 and 5 years from date of transplantation respectively.~AML progression is defined as:~Reappearance of leukemia blast cells in peripheral blood and > 5% blasts in marrow~If no circulating blasts, but the marrow contains 5-20% blasts, a repeat bone marrow >= 1 week later with > 5% blasts~Development of extramedullary leukemia MDS progression is defined as~For patients with <5% bone marrow blasts: ≥50% increase in blasts to >5% blasts~For patients with 5-10% bone marrow blasts: ≥50% increase to >10% blasts~Any of the following: Reappearance of prior documented characteristic cytogenetic abnormality or refractory cytopenias with unequivocal evidence of dysplasia on bone marrow biopsy/aspirate" (NCT01168219)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
PFS at 2 yearsPFS at 5 years
Treatment (Chemotherapy and Transplant)41.226.9

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Percentage of MIBG Avid Patients Treated With MIBG Labeled With Iodine-131 and Bu/Mel Chemotherapy

Number of MIBG avid patients who receive 131I-MIBG and Bu/Mel divided by the number of patients evaluable for the feasibility of MIBG and Bu/Mel consolidation endpoint x 100%. (NCT01175356)
Timeframe: Up to day -6 of conditioning

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (131I-MIBG, Chemotherapy)82.2

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Percentage of MIBG Avid Patients Treated With Meta-iodobenxylguanide (MIBG) Labeled With Iodine-131

Number of MIBG avid patients who receive 131I-MIBG divided by the number of patients evaluable for the feasibility of MIBG endpoint x 100%. (NCT01175356)
Timeframe: Up to 6 weeks after course 5 of induction

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (131I-MIBG, Chemotherapy)86.8

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Incidence of Unacceptable Toxicity and Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS), Assessed by Common Terminology Criteria (CTV)v.4.0 for Toxicity Assessment and Grading for I-MIBG

Number of patients who had an unacceptable toxicity or experienced SOS. Unacceptable toxicity was defined as CTC Grade 4-5 Pulmonary/Respiratory. (NCT01175356)
Timeframe: Up to 6 weeks after course 5 of induction

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (131I-MIBG, Chemotherapy)3

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Estimated Two Year Overall Survival Rate for Participants Undergoing Both Autologous and Allogeneic Transplants

(NCT01181271)
Timeframe: Two-years after Allogeneic Transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant89

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Estimated Two Year Overall Survival Rate for All Participants

(NCT01181271)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant83

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Cumulative Incidence of Grades II to IV Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

Grade I GVHD is characterized as mild disease, grade II GVHD as moderate, grade III as severe, and grade IV life-threatening. (NCT01181271)
Timeframe: within 200 days after allogeneic transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant13.8

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Cumulative Incidence of Extensive Chronic Graft-versus-host-disease

Extensive chronic graft versus-host-disease (GVHD) was defined as GVHD that required systemic immunosuppression. (NCT01181271)
Timeframe: 1-year after allogeneic transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant37.9

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Cumulative Incidence of Disease Relapse

(NCT01181271)
Timeframe: 2-years after allogeneic transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant17.2

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Peripheral Blood All-cell Donor Chimerism

Successful donor stem cell engraftment is defined as when ≥ 80% of hematopoietic elements are donor-derived as determined by chimerism assays from peripheral blood at day 100 after non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (NCT01181271)
Timeframe: 100 days post allogeneic transplant

Interventionpercentage of donor-derived elements (Median)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant95

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Number of Days After Allogeneic Transplant Until Absolute Neutrophil Count Was Equal to or Greater Than 500/uL

(NCT01181271)
Timeframe: within 28 days after allogeneic transplant

Interventiondays (Median)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant12

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Estimated Two Year Progression Free Survival Rate for Participants Undergoing Only Autologous Transplant

(NCT01181271)
Timeframe: Two Years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant46

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Estimated Two Year Overall Survival Rate for Participants Undergoing Only Autologous Transplant

(NCT01181271)
Timeframe: two years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant69

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Estimated Two Year Progression Free Survival Rate for All Participants

(NCT01181271)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant64

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Cumulative Incidence of Non-relapse Mortality

Non-relapse mortality is defined as participants who die from causes other than their underlying disease relapse, such as infection or graft versus host disease (NCT01181271)
Timeframe: 2-years after allogeneic transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant11.1

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Estimated Two Year Progression Free Survival Rate for Participants Undergoing Both Autologous and Allogeneic Transplants

(NCT01181271)
Timeframe: 2 years after allogeneic transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous Then Allogeneic Transplant72

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Event-free Survival (EFS) of Patients

The event-free survival (EFS) of patients with poor prognosis relapse or refractory Hodgkin's disease (HD) after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan (GemBuMel). Event is defined as relapse, tumor progression or death.Progression free survival is the length of time during and after the treatment of disease that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse. Toxicity is defined as the treatment related mortality (TRM) rate, which will be evaluated within 30 days post transplant, and this rate will be compared with the 5% maximum rate. For EFS analysis, patients who experience the tumor relapse, disease progression, or death will be considered to be an event. (NCT01200329)
Timeframe: Enrollment up to 2 years post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Overall Study Group51

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Overall Survival (OS) of These Patients.

The overall survival is the length of time from the start of treatment (Auto SCT) for the cancer, that patients are diagnosed with are still alive until date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause. It is measured in months and assessed up to 84 months. (NCT01200329)
Timeframe: Beyond 100 days post transplant up to 84 months.

InterventionMonths (Median)
Overall Study Group52

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Non-Relapse Mortality (NRM) Following RTC Transplantation at 1 Year.

Percentage of participants NRM following RTC transplantation at 1-year. (NCT01203020)
Timeframe: At 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant17.1

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Non-Relapse Mortality (NRM) Following RTC Transplantation at 2 Years.

Percentage of participants NRM following RTC transplantation at 2-year. (NCT01203020)
Timeframe: At 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant24.6

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Percentage of 1 Year Overall Survival (OS)

Percentage of participants--1 year overall survival (OS) following transplantation. (NCT01203020)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant63.6

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Rates of Acute and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD).

Count/Percentage rates of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). (NCT01203020)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute GVHDChronic GVHD
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant53

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Relapse Rate (RR) Following Transplantation at 2-year.

Percentage of participants Relapse Rates (RR) following transplantation at 2-year. (NCT01203020)
Timeframe: At 2 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant39.7

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Relapse Rate (RR) Following Transplantation at 1-year.

Percentage of participants Relapse Rates (RR) following transplantation at 1-year. (NCT01203020)
Timeframe: At 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant28.7

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Percentage of 2-year Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Percentage of 2-year progression free survival (PFS) of patients with chemotherapy refractory Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) undergoing reduced-toxicity conditioning (RTC) with once daily intravenous Busulfex and fludarabine. (NCT01203020)
Timeframe: At 2 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant45.5

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Percentage of 2 Year Overall Survival (OS)

Percentage of participants-- 2 Year Overall Survival (OS) post transplant (NCT01203020)
Timeframe: At 2nd year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant59.1

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Percentage of 1-year Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Percentage of 1-year progression free survival (PFS) of patients with chemotherapy refractory Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) undergoing reduced-toxicity conditioning (RTC) with once daily intravenous Busulfex and fludarabine. (NCT01203020)
Timeframe: At 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant59.1

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Participants Who Had Measurable Disease at Time of Transplant and Achieved a Stringent Complete Remission

Stringent complete remission was defined as negative immunofixation on the serum and urine, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, 5% or fewer plasma cells in bone marrow, normal free light chain ratio, and the absence of clonal cells in bone marrow by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. (NCT01237951)
Timeframe: 100 days post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan16

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

Number of participants remain free of progression or death after ASCT (NCT01237951)
Timeframe: From date of transplant until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 2 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan31

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Overall Survival

Number of participants from ASCT to death or last contact (NCT01237951)
Timeframe: From date of transplant until the date of death from any cause, assessed up to 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Gemcitabine/Busulfan/Melphalan49

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Number of Participants With Platelet Engraftment

Achievement of untransfused platelet count > 20 x 10^9/L on three consecutive days (NCT01247701)
Timeframe: Day 180

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant13

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Number of Participants With Neutrophil Engraftment

Achievement of absolute neutrophil count > 0.5 x 10^9/L on three consecutive days (NCT01247701)
Timeframe: Day 42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant15

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Number of Participants With Relapse Rate After Transplant

To assess relapse rate at 1 and 3 years after transplant. Cumulative incidence of relapse was calculated from the date of umbilical cord blood transplant using the competing risk method as described in Gray(1988) with death prior to relapse as the competing risk. Participants still alive without a date of relapse were censored at the time of the last follow-up. (NCT01247701)
Timeframe: 1 and 3 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
1 year3 year
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant53.353.3

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Number of Participants With Chronic GvHD

Number of participants with chronic GVHD graded by the method of Przepiorka et al, which evaluates skin, joints, oral, ocular, hepatic, esophagus, GI, respiratory, platelet, and musculoskeletal involvement, in stages from 0 to 3. (NCT01247701)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant1

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Overall Survival at 100 Days, 1 Year, and 3 Years After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant in Pediatric Patients.

To determine the overall survival rate at 1 year after umbilical cord blood transplant in pediatric patients with myeloid hematological malignancies. (NCT01247701)
Timeframe: 100 days, 1 year, and 3 years

Interventionprobability of overall survival (Number)
100 days1-Year3-Year
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant0.9230.9230.923

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Number of Participants With Donor Engraftment After Transplant.

To evaluate donor engraftment at 100 days, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36 months after transplant. (NCT01247701)
Timeframe: 100 days, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 36 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
100 days6 months9 months12 months24 months36 months
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant1166663

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Number of Participants With Severe Acute GVHD Grade III-IV

Number of participants with acute GVHD graded by the method of Przepiorka et al, which evaluates skin involvement, lower and upper GI, and liver function (bilirubin), each being graded in stages from 0 to 4, where 0 means no acute GVHD, and 4 is the highest stage of acute GVHD. (NCT01247701)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant2

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Number of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0)

Here is the count of participants with serious and non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. (NCT01338987)
Timeframe: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately 79 months and 11 days.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Males That Did Not Receive Leuprolide for 1st Transplant10
Males Randomized to Receive Leuprolide for 1st Transplant8
Females That Received Leuprolide for 1st Transplant20
Matched Related Donors for Transplant4
Recipients of 2nd Transplant2

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Percentage of B Cells at One Year Post-transplant in Participants Who Did/Did Not Receive Leuprolide Following Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)

B cell percentage is defined as the percentage of lymphocytes that are B cells. (NCT01338987)
Timeframe: after first Bone Marrow Transplant, approximately 12 months post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of cells (Median)
Males that received leuprolideMales that did not receive leuprolideFemales who all received leuprolide
Transplant Recipient22.121.914.3

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Time to Engraftment in First Transplant Recipients Only With Median Thoracic Spine Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) of 1.4 or Greater Than Those Patients With SUV's Less Than 1.4

18F-FLT imaging was performed serially on patients post transplant to identify the level of uptake of 18F-FLT at a day +5 to +12 scan and the day at which neutrophils recover to >500 (i.e., subclinical bone-marrow recovery within 5 days of Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT infusion)). On each image for each patient, the region of interest was drawn within each thoracic medullary space (n=12), generating the SUV for each space. The mean of these was calculated for each scan. The analysis was the median of the means of the SUV of the thorax values of the day 5-12 scan (averaged the SUV of the thorax for each patient and then took the medians of these). (NCT01338987)
Timeframe: 18F FLT scan done between days +5 to +12 and then time from that scan to engraftment measured

InterventionDays (Median)
Patients with SUV 1.4 or greaterPatients with SUV less than 1.4
Transplant Recipient515

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Number of Participants With Donor Cell Engraftment

Donor cell engraftment will be assessed by donor-recipient chimerism assays. Full donor chimerism is defined as the presence of at least 95% donor cells as a proportion of the total population in the peripheral blood or bone marrow. Graft rejection is defined as the presence of no more than 5% donor cells as a proportion of the total population. Mixed chimerism is defined as the presence of between 5% and 95% donor cells. Mixed or full donor chimerism will be considered evidence of donor engraftment. (NCT01339910)
Timeframe: Days 28 and 100 and 18 months post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Day 2872548419Day 2872548420Day 10072548420Day 1007254841918 Months7254842018 Months72548419
Mixed ChimerismFull Donor ChimerismGraft RejectionDeath Prior to AssessmentUnknown (relapsed or missing assay)
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)86
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)80
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)9
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)30
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)1
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)0
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)0
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)36
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)22
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)106
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)86
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)12
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)2
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)6
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)8
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)71
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)66
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)4
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)5
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)1
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)31
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)42
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)25
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)19

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Percentage of Participants With Neutrophil and Platelet Engraftment

Neutrophil engraftment is defined as achieving an absolute neutrophil count greater than 500x10^6/liter for 3 consecutive measurements on different days. The first of the 3 days will be designated the day of neutrophil engraftment. Platelet engraftment is defined as achieving platelet counts greater than 20,000/microliter for consecutive measurements over 7 days without requiring platelet transfusions. The first of the 7 days will be designated the day of platelet engraftment. Subjects must not have had platelet transfusions during the preceding 7 days. (NCT01339910)
Timeframe: Days 28 and 60 post-transplant

,
Interventionpercentage (Number)
Neutrophil Engraftment at Day 28Platelet Engraftment at Day 60
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)98.595.5
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)97.896.2

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Percentage of Participants With Chronic GVHD

Chronic GVHD is classified per 2005 NIH Consensus Criteria (Filipovich et al. 2005) into categories of severity: none, mild, moderate, and severe. Occurrence of chronic GVHD is defined as the occurrence of mild, moderate, or severe chronic GVHD per this classification. (NCT01339910)
Timeframe: 18 months post-transplant

Interventionpercentage (Number)
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)64.0
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)47.6

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Number of Participants With Secondary Graft Failure

Secondary graft failure is defined by initial neutrophil engraftment followed by subsequent decline in neutrophil counts to less than 500x10^6/liter that is unresponsive to growth factor therapy. (NCT01339910)
Timeframe: 18 months post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)1
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)4

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Number of Participants With Primary Graft Failure

Primary graft failure is defined by lack of neutrophil engraftment. (NCT01339910)
Timeframe: 28 days post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)1
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)3

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Percentage of Participants With Relapse-Free Survival (RFS)

Relapse-free survival is defined as survival without relapse of the primary disease. (NCT01339910)
Timeframe: 18 months post-randomization

Interventionpercentage (Number)
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)67.8
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)47.3

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Percentage of Participants With Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

"Acute GVHD is graded according to the scoring system proposed by Przepiorka et al.1995:~Skin stage:~0: No rash~Rash <25% of body surface area~Rash on 25-50% of body surface area~Rash on > 50% of body surface area~Generalized erythroderma with bullous formation~Liver stage (based on bilirubin level)*:~0: <2 mg/dL~2-3 mg/dL~3.01-6 mg/dL~6.01-15.0 mg/dL~>15 mg/dL~GI stage*:~0: No diarrhea or diarrhea <500 mL/day~Diarrhea 500-999 mL/day or persistent nausea with histologic evidence of GVHD~Diarrhea 1000-1499 mL/day~Diarrhea >1500 mL/day~Severe abdominal pain with or without ileus * If multiple etiologies are listed for liver or GI, the organ system is downstaged by 1.~GVHD grade:~0: All organ stages 0 or GVHD not listed as an etiology I: Skin stage 1-2 and liver and GI stage 0 II: Skin stage 3 or liver or GI stage 1 III: Liver stage 2-3 or GI stage 2-4 IV: Skin or liver stage 4" (NCT01339910)
Timeframe: Day 100 post-transplant

,
Interventionpercentage (Number)
Grade II-IV Acute GVHDGrade III-IV Acute GVHD
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)44.713.6
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)31.66.8

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Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival (OS)

Overall survival is defined as survival of death from any cause. (NCT01339910)
Timeframe: 18 months post-randomization

Interventionpercentage (Number)
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)77.5
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)67.7

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Percentage of Participants With Disease Relapse

Disease Relapse is defined as relapse of the primary disease. (NCT01339910)
Timeframe: 18 months post-randomization

Interventionpercentage (Number)
Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen (MAC)13.5
Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC)48.3

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To Compare the Relapse Rate at 1 Year of Patients With Myeloid Malignancies Receiving Each Treatment

(NCT01366612)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionPercent (Number)
Group 138.9
Group 218.8

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Infection Rate

The infections of interest in this study were severe infections or opportunistic infectious episodes, defined as infections requiring hospitalization or prolonging hospitalization and/or documented infections by opportunistic pathogens. (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

InterventionInfection rate per person per year (Number)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects0.14
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects0.14
HSCT Controls Without MRD0.13
HSCT Controls With MRD0.17
All HSCT Controls0.16

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ADA Activity in Erythrocytes

ADA enzyme activity was assessed as a measure of successful engraftment of genetically modified Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs), as it marks sustained gene expression from the normal ADA transgene. (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Interventionnmol/h/mg (Median)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects638.0
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects490.5
HSCT Controls Without MRD86.5
HSCT Controls With MRD1.0
All HSCT Controls23.0

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VCN in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)

Engraftment of transduced cells was assessed using vector gene marking in PBMCs (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Interventioncopies/cell (Median)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects0.600
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects0.625

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OS of Subjects Treated With IMP With Those of Patients Treated With Allogeneic HSCT (3 Years)

Overall survival (OS) is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 36 months post- treatment with OTL-101* or HSCT (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects100
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects100
HSCT Controls Without MRD100
HSCT Controls With MRD88.89
All HSCT Controls92.86

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Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)

Overall survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 12 months post- treatment with OTL-101* or HSCT (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects100
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects100
HSCT Controls Without MRD100
HSCT Controls With MRD100
All HSCT Controls100

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Reduction in Deoxyadenosine Triphosphate (dATP) in Erythrocytes

Decreased dATP levels coincide with increased ADA enzyme activity, detoxification was used as a marker of correction of the defective ADA gene. The threshold for detoxification was <100 μmol/L. (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Interventionumol/L (Median)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects50.0
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects50.0
HSCT Controls Without MRD0.0
HSCT Controls With MRD114.0
All HSCT Controls90.0

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VCN in CD19+ B Cells

Engraftment of transduced cells was assessed using vector gene marking in CD19+ B Cells (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Interventioncopies/cell (Median)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects0.880
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects1.190

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VCN in CD3+ T Cells

Engraftment of transduced cells was assessed using vector gene marking (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Interventioncopies/cell (Median)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects1.065
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects1.160

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Frequency of Vector Integration Into Known Protooncogenes (3 Years)

"Vector Integration Site Analysis (VISA) allowed determination of the distribution of vector integration sites in each subject's genome, as well as the relative clonal abundance. VISA was to be considered abnormal for a subject if, in 2 or more instances during the course of follow-up, a single integration site was found to represent >30% of the total integration sites detected.~There were no instances of clonal proliferation in the course of the 36 month follow-up for on-study and CUP subjects; hence, a detailed analysis of the frequency of clonal expansion associated with vector integration near proto-oncogenes was not generated." (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Intervention% of integration in known protooncogenes (Number)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects0
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects0

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Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)

"Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death." (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects100
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects100
HSCT Controls Without MRD100
HSCT Controls With MRD100
All HSCT Controls100

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Vector Copy Number (VCN) in Granulocytes Fraction (Neutrophils)

Engraftment of transduced cells was assessed using vector gene marking in granulocytes (neutrophils) (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Interventioncopies/cell (Median)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects0.240
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects0.280

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Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (3 Years)

Immune reconstitution was assessed by change in CD3+ T Cell counts over time. (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Intervention10e9 cells/L (Median)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects1.060
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects1.090

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Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (1 Year)

Immune reconstitution was assessed by change in CD3+ T Cell counts over time. (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 12 months

Intervention10e9 cells/L (Geometric Mean)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects3.58
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects3.18

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EvFS of Subjects Treated With IMP With Those of Patients Treated With Allogeneic HSCT (3 Years)

"Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death." (NCT01380990)
Timeframe: 36 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OTL-101* On-Study Subjects90.00
OTL-101* On-Study and CUP Subjects95.00
HSCT Controls Without MRD80.00
HSCT Controls With MRD60.00
All HSCT Controls66.67

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Number of Participants With Molecular Complete Remission at 3 Month Post Transplant

Molecular Complete Remission is defined as participant alive and engrafted with molecular complete remission 100 days post transplant where molecular complete response is no BCR-ABL transcripts detected and engraftment is defined as the evidence of donor derived cells (more than 95%) by chimerism studies in the presence of neutrophil recovery by day 28 post stem cell infusion. (NCT01390402)
Timeframe: Baseline to up to 4 months post-transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
NK Infusion + Chemotherapy3

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Percentage of Participants Recovering Hematologic Function

Recovery of hematologic function is described by the time to neutrophil and platelet recovery. Time to neutrophil recovery will be the first of three consecutive days of > 500 neutrophils/μL following the expected nadir. Time to platelet engraftment will be described by the date when platelet count is > 20,000/μL for the first of three consecutive labs with no platelet transfusions 7 days prior. (NCT01410344)
Timeframe: Days 28 and 100 Post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Day 28 Neutrophil RecoveryDay 100 Platelet Recovery
Allogeneic Transplant100.094.1

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Percentage of Participants With Relapse/Progression

Relapse/Progression is defined as relapse or progression of the primary malignancy. (NCT01410344)
Timeframe: 1 Year Post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Transplant29.4

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Percentage of Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

Chronic GVHD is classified per 2005 NIH Consensus Criteria (Filipovich et al. 2005) into categories of severity: none, mild, moderate, and severe. Occurrence of chronic GVHD is defined as the occurrence of mild, moderate, or severe chronic GVHD per this classification. (NCT01410344)
Timeframe: 1 Year Post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Transplant17.6

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Chimerism

Donor T-cell and myeloid chimerism will be described separately by conditioning regimen intensity (myeloablative or reduced intensity) according to proportions with mixed chimerism (5-95% donor cells out of all), full chimerism (>95% donor cells), or graft rejection (<5% donor cells). (NCT01410344)
Timeframe: Week 4, Day 100, and 6 months Post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 472365409Week 472365410Day 10072365410Day 100723654096 Months723654096 Months72365410
Graft RejectionNo Assay ReportedFull ChimerismMixed ChimerismDead at Assessment
Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Transplant4
Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplant1
Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplant3
Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplant4
Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Transplant5
Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplant2
Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Transplant2
Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplant0
Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Transplant0

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Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival

Overall survival is defined as the time from transplant to death from any cause. (NCT01410344)
Timeframe: Six months, 1 Year, and 2 Years Post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
6 Months1 Year2 Years
Allogeneic Transplant82.458.850.2

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Percentage of Participants With Non-Relapse Mortality

The events for non-relapse mortality are death due to any cause other than relapse of the underlying malignancy. (NCT01410344)
Timeframe: Day 100, 1 Year, and 2 Years Post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Day 1001 Year2 Years
Allogeneic Transplant0.011.818.3

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Percentage of Participants With Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

"Acute GVHD is graded according to the scoring system proposed by Przepiorka et al.1995:~Skin stage:~0: No rash~Rash <25% of body surface area~Rash on 25-50% of body surface area~Rash on > 50% of body surface area~Generalized erythroderma with bullous formation~Liver stage (based on bilirubin level)*:~0: <2 mg/dL 1.2-3 mg/dL 2.3.01-6 mg/dL 3.6.01-15.0 mg/dL 4.>15 mg/dL~GI stage*:~0: No diarrhea or diarrhea <500 mL/day~Diarrhea 500-999 mL/day or persistent nausea with histologic evidence of GVHD~Diarrhea 1000-1499 mL/day~Diarrhea >1500 mL/day~Severe abdominal pain with or without ileus * If multiple etiologies are listed for liver or GI, the organ system is downstaged by 1.~GVHD grade:~0: All organ stages 0 or GVHD not listed as an etiology I: Skin stage 1-2 and liver and GI stage 0 II: Skin stage 3 or liver or GI stage 1 III: Liver stage 2-3 or GI stage 2-4 IV: Skin or liver stage 4" (NCT01410344)
Timeframe: Day 100 Post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade II-IV Acute GVHDGrade III-IV Acute GVHD
Allogeneic Transplant41.211.8

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Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR)

Complete response (CR), evaluated 90 days from transplant, defined as (i) negative immunofixation of the multiple myeloma (MM) protein in urine and serum, (ii) disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas, and (iii) less than 5% plasma MM cells in the bone marrow. International Myeloma Working Group uniform response criteria. (NCT01413178)
Timeframe: Evaluated 90 days from transplant.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Busulfan + Melphalan12
Melphalan15

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

Participants that are still alive and without Multiple Myeloma 3 years after Stem cell Transplantation. (NCT01413178)
Timeframe: 3 years after transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Busulfan + Melphalan72
Melphalan50

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Overall Survival (OS)

(NCT01413178)
Timeframe: From time of ASCT to 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Busulfan + Melphalan91
Melphalan79

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Number of Participants That Had Grade 3-4 Toxicities.

(NCT01413178)
Timeframe: At day 90 post SCT (Stem Cell Transplantation)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 3 - DiarrheaGrade 3 - Elevated ALTGrade 3 - Elevated TbiliGrade 3 - InfectionGrade 3 - MucositisGrade 3 - NauseaGrade 3 - NeuropathyGrade 3 - Neutropenic feverGrade 3 - PneumoniaGrade 3 - TachycardiaGrade 3 - Transient blindnessGrade 3 - AnorexiaGrade 3 - Myocardial ischemiaGrade 3 - Pleural effusionGrade 3 - Rash
Busulfan + Melphalan532161551731111100
Melphalan4005020321000111

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Non-relapse Mortality

Defined as death in the absence of recurrent or progressive malignancy after HCT. Non-relapse morality will be assessed with the use of cumulative incidence plots. This secondary endpoint will be characterized and presented as a cumulative incidence. (NCT01427881)
Timeframe: At 2 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment (TBI, PBSCT, and Cyclophosphamide GVHD Prophylaxis)14

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Donor Engraftment

Donor engraftment is defined as the count (percent) of patients with full donor chimerism. Full donor chimerism is defined as at least 95% donor CD3 cells in peripheral blood. (NCT01427881)
Timeframe: At day 28

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (TBI, PBSCT, and Cyclophosphamide GVHD Prophylaxis)6

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Chronic GVHD Requiring Systemic Immunosuppressive Treatment

Chronic GVHD will be defined by National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria and requiring systemic treatment. A reduction in the cumulative incidence of GVHD from ~35% to ~15% at 1 year would represent a reasonable goal. A sample size of 42 patients provides 90% power to observe such a difference with one-side 5% type-1 error. (NCT01427881)
Timeframe: At 1 year after transplantation

Interventionpercent of patients (Number)
Treatment (TBI, PBSCT, and Cyclophosphamide GVHD Prophylaxis)16

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Hematologic Recovery

Descriptive statistics will be used to assess the median days of neutrophil and platelet recovery. The day of neutrophil recovery is defined as the first day of three consecutive lab values on different days, after the conditioning regimen-induced nadir of blood counts, that the absolute neutrophil count is > 500/uL. The day of platelet recovery is defined as the first day of three consecutive lab values on different days, after the conditioning regimen-induced nadir of blood counts, that the platelet count is >= 20,000/uL without platelet transfusion support in the seven days prior. (NCT01427881)
Timeframe: Up to day +100

Interventiondays (Median)
Neutrophil EngraftmentPlatelet Engraftment
Treatment (TBI, PBSCT, and Cyclophosphamide GVHD Prophylaxis)1914

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Graft Failure

Descriptive statistics will be used to assess the incidence of primary graft failure and secondary graft failure. Primary graft failure is defined as failure to achieve a sustained neutrophil count of >= 500/uL by >= 28 days post-transplant. Secondary graft failure is defined as the decline in neutrophil count to < 500/uL after achieving engraftment which is unrelated to infection or drug effect and is unresponsive to stimulation by growth factors. (NCT01427881)
Timeframe: By greater than or equal to 28 days post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment (TBI, PBSCT, and Cyclophosphamide GVHD Prophylaxis)2

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Disease-free Survival

Disease-free survival will be evaluated as Kaplan-Meier estimates. (NCT01427881)
Timeframe: At 1 year post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment (TBI, PBSCT, and Cyclophosphamide GVHD Prophylaxis)73.8

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Persistent or Recurrent Malignancy After HCT

Recurrent or progressive malignancy will be assessed with the use of cumulative incidence plots. Recurrent malignancy will be defined by hematologic criteria. Recurrent malignancy will also be defined as any unplanned medical intervention designed to prevent progression of malignant disease in patients who have molecular, cytogenetic or flow-cytometric evidence of malignant cells after transplantation. (NCT01427881)
Timeframe: At 2 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment (TBI, PBSCT, and Cyclophosphamide GVHD Prophylaxis)17

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Grades II-IV and III-IV Acute GVHD

Grades II-IV and III-IV GVHD will be assessed with the use of cumulative incidence plots. (NCT01427881)
Timeframe: Through day +100 post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Grades II-IV GVHDGrades III-IV GVHD
Treatment (TBI, PBSCT, and Cyclophosphamide GVHD Prophylaxis)770

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Overall Survival

Overall survival will be evaluated as Kaplan-Meier estimates. (NCT01427881)
Timeframe: At 1 year post-transplant

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment (TBI, PBSCT, and Cyclophosphamide GVHD Prophylaxis)75.6

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Incidence of Relapse

(NCT01457885)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
CloBu4 Regimen55

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Cumulative Incidence of Non Relapse Mortality (NRM)

Percentage of patients passed without relapse/recurrence at 1 year. (NCT01457885)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
CloBu4 Regimen21

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The Percentage of Patients Alive at 1 Year

Overall survival was calculated following transplant using a CloBu4 conditioning regimen for patients with non-remission AML (NCT01457885)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
CloBu4 Regimen32

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Duration of Survival

(NCT01464359)
Timeframe: 2 years after Transplantation.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia0

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Duration of Survival

(NCT01464359)
Timeframe: 1 year after Transplantation.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia0

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Incidence of Graft Failure

Incidence of graft failure defined as an absolute neutrophil count of less than 500/uL and a bone marrow that is less than 5% cellular (marrow aplasia) (NCT01464359)
Timeframe: Day 42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia0

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Disease Free Survival

The primary endpoint is a disease free survival at 3 months in patients with chemotherapy refractory AML after a double T-cell depleted (TCD) umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation where one TCD unit is activated overnight in IL-2 followed by the administration of two courses of IL-2 three times a week for 6 doses beginning on day +3 and on day +60 to expand UCB-derived NK cells in vivo. (NCT01464359)
Timeframe: At 3 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia1

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Clinical Disease Response

Defined as leukemia clearance and complete remission. Patients will be followed for disease response for 2 years from transplantation unless: consent is withdrawal, patient is unevaluable - if a patient is not evaluable, follow only untilthe resolution or stabilization of treatment related toxicity, new anti-cancer treatment is started, patient is discharged to hospice (terminal) care. (NCT01464359)
Timeframe: 2 Years from Transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia2

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Duration of Survival

(NCT01464359)
Timeframe: 6 months after Transplantation.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia1

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Clinical Disease Response

Defined as leukemia clearance and complete remission. Patients will be followed for disease response for 1 year from transplantation unless: consent is withdrawal, patient is unevaluable - if a patient is not evaluable, follow only until the resolution or stabilization of treatment related toxicity, new anti-cancer treatment is started, patient is discharged to hospice (terminal) care. (NCT01464359)
Timeframe: 1 Year from Transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia2

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Incidence of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

(NCT01464359)
Timeframe: Day 60

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia0

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Overall Survival (OS) Post Transplant at 1, 3 and 5 Years

Number of participants in the study who are alive and disease free at 1, 3 and 5 years post transplant. (NCT01471444)
Timeframe: Post transplant after 1, 3 and 5 years

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
1 Year Post Transplant3 Year Post Transplant5 Year Post Transplant
Arm A (Flu+Bu)836964
Arm B (Flu+Clo+Bu)826963

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

Number of events with progression free survival. (Progression is defined as more than 5% blast in the peripheral blood or bone marrow biopsy.) or expired from treatment related mortality post transplant. (NCT01471444)
Timeframe: From day of transplant to disease of progression or death of any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 5 years

InterventionNumber of events (Number)
Arm A (Flu+Bu)69
Arm B (Flu+Clo+Bu)61

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Number of Participants With Non Relapse Mortality at 100 Day Post Transplant

Number of participants expired from complications other than relapsed disease at 100 day Post Transplant. (NCT01471444)
Timeframe: 100 day Post Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Flu+Bu)3
Arm B (Flu+Clo+Bu)6

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Number of Participants in the Study Who Are With no Grade 3 or 4 Acute Graft-versus-host Disease at Any Time During the First 100 Days Post Transplant.

Number of participants in the study who are with no Grade 3 or 4 acute graft-versus-host disease at any time during the first 100 days post transplant. (NCT01471444)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Flu+Bu)125
Arm B (Flu+Clo+Bu)115

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Time to ANC and Platelet Engraftment

Days to ANC or platelet engraftment (NCT01499147)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days post-transplant

Interventiondays to ANC and platelet engraftment (Median)
Fludarabine/Busulfan + ATG15
Fludarabine/Melphalan + ATG12

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Number of Participants With Moderate to Severe (Grade 2-4) Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD).

Acute GVHD grade 2-4 was assessed in patients in the FluBU and FluMel groups up to 100 days after transplant. (NCT01499147)
Timeframe: Up to 100 days post-transplant (acute GVHD).

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Fludarabine/Busulfan + ATG2
Fludarabine/Melphalan +ATG1

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Number of Participants With Engraftment.

Median time to ANC engraftment and platelet engraftment in both groups as well as the transfusion requirements measured within 30 days after transplant. (NCT01499147)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days post-transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Fludarabine/Busulfan + ATG18
Fludarabine/Melphalan + ATG12

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Event -Free Survival Rate

Event-free survival is defined as stable donor erythropoiesis with no new clinical evidence of sickle cell disease. Primary or late graft rejection, disease recurrence, and death are considered events for this endpoint. (NCT01565616)
Timeframe: 1 year after transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients19

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Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

Chronic GVHD was graded according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) 2014 Consensus Criteria Diagnosis and scoring the severity of chronic GVHD is determined by evaluating symptoms of the skin, nails, hair, mouth, eyes, genitalia, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, muscles, fascia and joints, immune function as well as other symptoms such as ascites and neuropathy. Chronic GVHD is graded as mild, moderate or severe based on the number of organ sites impacted and the severity of symptoms. (NCT01565616)
Timeframe: 1 year after transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Mild Chronic GVHDModerate Chronic GVHDSevere Chronic GVHD
Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients321

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Graft Failure

Primary graft failure occurs when a transplant recipient does not achieve donor chimerism following a bone marrow transplant. Secondary graft failure occurs when graft fails after donor chimerism had initially occurred. (NCT01565616)
Timeframe: 1 year after transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Primary graft failureSecondary graft failure
Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients01

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Overall Survival

Overall survival is defined as survival with or without sickle cell disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). (NCT01565616)
Timeframe: 1 year after transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients20

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Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

"Acute GVHD was graded according to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) consensus criteria. Clinical manifestations of acute GVHD include skin, liver, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Grading of acute GVHD is determined by size of maculopapular rash, bilirubin and stool output. Acute GVHD grades range from 0 to 4 with 0 indicating no GVHD and 4 representing the most severe grade.~Grade II is defined as a maculopapular rash over 25-50% of body surface area (BSA), bilirubin of 3.1 to 6 mg/dL, and stool output of 1000-1500 mL/d (for adults).~Grade III is defined as a maculopapular rash over more than 50% of BSA, bilirubin of 6.1 to 15 mg/dL, and stool output of greater than 1500 mL/d (for adults).~Grade IV is defined as generalized erythroderma with bullous formation, bilirubin greater than 15 mg/dL, and severe abdominal pain with or without ileus." (NCT01565616)
Timeframe: 1 year after transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Grade II Acute GVHDGrade III Acute GVHDGrade IV Acute GVHD
Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients310

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Time to Neutrophil and Platelet Engraftment

Time to neutrophil engraftment is defined as the first of 3 measurements on different days when the patient has an absolute neutrophil count of at least 500/µL after conditioning. Time to Platelet engraftment is defined as the first day of a minimum of 3 measurements on different days that the patient has achieved a platelet count > 50,000/µL, without receiving a platelet transfusion in the previous 7 days. (NCT01565616)
Timeframe: 1 year after transplant

InterventionDays (Median)
Neutrophil engraftmentPlatelet
Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients1721

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Overall Survival

Number of participants that were diseased free and alive 3 years post-transplant. (NCT01572662)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm 1: Participants w/Hematologic Malignancies Treated w/Fludarabine/TS Busulfan AUC 16,000 Umol/l16
Arm 2: Participants w/Hematologic Malignancies Treated w/Fludarabine/TS Busulfan AUC 20,000umol/l.47

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Non-Relapse Mortality Rate (NRM)

Number of participants expired within the first 100 days after transplant not due to relapsed disease. (NCT01572662)
Timeframe: 100 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm 1: Participants w/Hematologic Malignancies Treated w/Fludarabine/TS Busulfan AUC 16,000 Umol/l2
Arm 2: Participants w/Hematologic Malignancies Treated w/Fludarabine/TS Busulfan AUC 20,000umol/l.8

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Overall Survival

Number of participants that are disease free and alive one year post transplant. (NCT01572662)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm 1: Participants w/Hematologic Malignancies Treated w/Fludarabine/TS Busulfan AUC 16,000 Umol/l29
Arm 2: Participants w/Hematologic Malignancies Treated w/Fludarabine/TS Busulfan AUC 20,000umol/l.93

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Mixed-donor Chimerism Rate of Patients With High-risk Myeloid Malignancies (Stratum B)

Full-donor chimerism will be defined by as ≥99% donor cells by Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis in all cell lines (CD3, CD14/15, and CD19) in peripheral blood. The historic control for Stratum B was determined using the 20 patients who were transplanted from 2005 - 2010 with Busulfan (BU)-based regimens and who retrospectively would have been eligible for the current trial. Of these 20 patients, at 100 days post-HCT, only 8 (40%) patients had full-donor chimerism. If 5 patients in Stratum B experienced mixed-donor chimerism at Day 100, we will close this stratum early for failing to achieve superior donor cell engraftment compared to standard-of-care. (NCT01596699)
Timeframe: Participants will have peripheral blood chimerism assessed at Day 100 post hematopoietic stem cell transplant and then monthly until stable.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Stratum B: Patients With Myeloid Malignancies66.67

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Engraftment Rate of Patients With Non-malignant Diseases (Stratum A)

Engraftment will be defined as the development of an Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) >500 for 3 consecutive days plus donor CD14/15 cells >70%. The engraftment rate in the population used for historical control is 40%. If 3 patients in Stratum A experience graft rejection, this stratum will close early for failing to achieve superior engraftment compared to standard-of-care. (NCT01596699)
Timeframe: Participants will have engraftment blood studies starting approximately Day 30 post hematopoietic stem cell transplant and then monthly until stable. Average study participation is approximately 5 years.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Stratum A: Patients With Non-Malignancies66.67

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Rate of Complete Response as Determined by the IMWG Criteria

Number of patients achieved complete response after the treatment regimen (NCT01605032)
Timeframe: Day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Busulfan, Melphalan, Bortezomib, Autologous PBSCT)2

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Overall Response Rate

Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR. (NCT01605032)
Timeframe: Up to day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete responsePartial response
Treatment (Busulfan, Melphalan, Bortezomib, Autologous PBSCT)217

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Progression-free Survival

The progression free survival was assessed over a period of 2 years (NCT01605032)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Busulfan, Melphalan, Bortezomib, Autologous PBSCT)11

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Mortality

(NCT01605032)
Timeframe: Up to day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Busulfan, Melphalan, Bortezomib, Autologous PBSCT)1

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Overall Survival

The overall survival of patients was measured of a period of 2 years. (NCT01605032)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Busulfan, Melphalan, Bortezomib, Autologous PBSCT)18

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Disease-Free Survival (DFS)

Estimate the DFS at one-year post-transplantation. The event is defined as relapse or death due to relapse. The number of participants who did not relapse up to one year post transplant is reported. (NCT01621477)
Timeframe: one year post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment7

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Event-Free Survival (EFS)

Estimate the EFS at one-year post-transplantation. The event is defined as relapse or death due to any cause. The number of participants who were alive without relapse at one year post-transplant is reported. (NCT01621477)
Timeframe: one year post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment4

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Incidence of Malignant Relapse

Estimate the incidence of malignant relapse at one year post-transplant. The number of participants with malignant relapse or progressive disease is given. Relapse was evaluated using standard WHO criteria for each disease. (NCT01621477)
Timeframe: One year post transplantation.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment10

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One-year Survival (OS)

Evaluate the number of participants alive at 1 year. The number of participants surviving to one-year post-transplantation is given. (NCT01621477)
Timeframe: One year post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment7

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Incidence and Severity of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

The number of participants with acute GVHD is given, organized by grade. Participants are graded on a scale from 1 to 4, with 1 being mild and 4 being severe. (NCT01621477)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
No Acute GVHDGrade IGrade IIGrade IIIGrade IV
Treatment93131

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Incidence and Severity of Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

The severity of chronic GVHD will be described. Chronic GVHD was evaluated using NIH Consensus Global Severity Scoring. The number of participants with chronic GVHD is given, organized by severity. (NCT01621477)
Timeframe: 100 days post transplant

Interventionparticipants (Number)
No Chronic GVHDMildModerateSevere
Treatment15020

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Time-to-engraftment

The number of days until participants by dose level reach engraftment. (NCT01629511)
Timeframe: 30 days post transplant

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Day 10Day 11Day 12Day 13Day 15Day 17<10 days - Graft Failure
Gemcitabine Dose Level 11210000
Gemcitabine Dose Level 32401001
Gemcitabine Dose Level 40010110

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Overall Survival

Will be estimated by the method of Kaplan and Meier. Time-to-event distributions as function of patient baseline covariates will be evaluated using Bayesian time-to-event regression modeling. (NCT01629511)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Gemcitabine Dose Level 13
Gemcitabine Dose Level 20
Gemcitabine Dose Level 34
Gemcitabine Dose Level 42

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Donor Stem Cell Engraftment: Platelet Count

Platelet recovery was defined as having a platelet count of at least 20,000 platelets/uL of blood on 2 consecutive measurements without transfusional support prior to day +100 after BuClo RIC HSCT. (NCT01643668)
Timeframe: 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 14 weeks post transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Platelet Engraftmnet AchievedPlatelet Engraftmnet Not Achieved
Treatment Arm330

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Cumulative Incidence and Severity of Acute GVHD Within 100 Days Post Transplant

The percentage of participants who experienced grades 2-4 and grades 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by 100 days post transplantation. GVHD is a condition that can occur following an allogenic stem cell transplantation when the donated bone marrow or peripheral stem cells view the recipients body as foreign and the donated cell/marrow attack the body. Acute GVHD is generally observed within the first 100 days post transplant. Acute GVHD is associated with increased treatment related morbidity and mortality. Grade I GVHD is characterized as mild disease, grade II GVHD as moderate, grade III as severe, and grade IV life-threatening. The grade of the GVHD is determined by grading GHVD associated adverse events. Associated adverse events were graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4 which uses the same mild, moderate, severe, life threatening grading system as the overall GHVD assessment. (NCT01643668)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionpercentage of Participants (Number)
Grades II-IV acute GVHDGrades III-IV acute GVHD
Treatment Arm2112

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Cumulative Incidence of Non-relapse Mortality

The percentage of participants that experienced non-relapse mortality (NRM) at day 100 and 1 year after BuClo RIC SCT. Non-relapse mortality is any mortality that is not associated with or proceeded by disease progression of prior cancers. (NCT01643668)
Timeframe: 100 days, 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants who died (Number)
100 Days1 Year
Treatment Arm5.924

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Progression-Free and Overall Survival

The 1-year and 2-year progression-free and overall survival measured from the time of stem cell transplantation. Progression is the recurrence or increase in the number of cancer cells found in the body. (NCT01643668)
Timeframe: 1 year, 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Progression Free Survival at 1 yearProgression Free Survival at 2 yearsOverall Survival at 1 yearOverall Survival at 2 years
Treatment Arm50505656

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Assessment of Donor Stem Cell Engraftment: ANC Count

Patients are considered to have achieved donor cell engraftment if they have an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of at least 500 cells/uL of blood for 3 consecutive measurements and at least 75% of hematopoietic elements are donor-derived as determined by chimerism assays from peripheral blood prior to day +40 after Busulfan/Clofarabine (BuClo) reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation (NCT01643668)
Timeframe: 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Neutrophil Engraftment AchievedNeutrophil Engraftment Not Achieved
Treatment Arm330

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Cumulative Incidence of Chronic GVHD at One Year

The percentage of participants who experienced chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) by one year. GVHD is a condition that can occur following an allogenic stem cell transplantation when the donated bone marrow or peripheral stem cells view the recipients body as foreign and the donated cell/marrow attack the body. Chronic GVHD normally occurs after the first 100 days post transplantation. Chronic GVHD can adversely influence long term survival. (NCT01643668)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Arm44

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Grade 3 or 4 Toxicities

The number of participants that experienced the specified grade 3 and 4 non-hematological toxicities during treatment and follow-up as assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4(CTAE v 4.0). Grade 3 toxicity is considered to be severe and grade 4 is considered to be life threatening. (NCT01643668)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bacterial InfectionViral InfectionFungal InfectionMucositisIncreased bilirubinIncreased alanine aminotransferaseIncreased aspartate aminotransferaseEngraftment SyndromeFebrile NeutropeniaSepsisAcute Renal FailureDiffuse alveolar hemorrhageIdiopathic pneumonia syndrome
Treatment Arm10121111021100

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Incidence of Hepatic Veno-occlusive Disease

The number of participants that experienced hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). VOD is a condition in which some of the small veins in the liver are obstructed. (NCT01643668)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment Arm0

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Count of Participants With Disease Free Survival

The length of time after treatment ends that a patient survives without any signs or symptoms of that cancer or any other type of cancer. In a clinical trial, measuring the disease-free survival is one way to see how well a new treatment works. Patients with leukemia involving the BM and myelodysplastic syndrome will have this done by BM biopsy and additional special studies such as cytogenetics or flow cytometry as appropriate. Patients will also have radiology studies such as plain X-rays or CT scans and/or other studies such as blood tumor markers to document presence or absence of disease as clinically indicated. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 7 Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant1

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Counts of Participants With Disease Free Survival

The length of time after treatment ends that a patient survives without any signs or symptoms of that cancer or any other type of cancer. In a clinical trial, measuring the disease-free survival is one way to see how well a new treatment works. Patients with leukemia involving the BM and myelodysplastic syndrome will have this assessed by BM biopsy and additional special studies such as cytogenetics or flow cytometry as appropriate. Patients will also have radiology studies such as plain X-rays or CT scans and/or other studies such as blood tumor markers to document presence or absence of disease as clinically indicated. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 2 Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant3

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Number of Participant Who Were Alive at 2 Years Post Transplant

Overall survival will be defined as time from date of enrollment to date of death or censored at the date of last documented contact for patients still alive. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 2 Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant4

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Number of Participant Who Were Alive at 5 Years Post Transplant

Overall survival will be defined as time from date of enrollment to date of death or censored at the date of last documented contact for patients still alive. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 5 Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant3

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Percentage of Participants With Relapse

The return of disease after its apparent recovery/cessation. Patients with leukemia involving the BM and myelodysplastic syndrome will have this assessed by BM biopsy and additional special studies such as cytogenetics or flow cytometry as appropriate. Patients will also have radiology studies such as plain X-rays or CT scans and/or other studies such as blood tumor markers to document presence or absence of disease as clinically indicated. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 1 Year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant40

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Percentage of Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe long-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. Patients will be staged weekly between days 0 and 100 after transplantation using standard criteria used for staging. Patients will be assigned an overall GVHD score based on extent of skin rash, volume of diarrhea and maximum bilirubin level. The stages of individual organ involvement are combined to produce an overall grade. Grade I GVHD is characterized as mild disease, grade II GVHD as moderate, grade III as severe, and grade IV life-threatening. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 1 Year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant0

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Percentage of Participants With Engraftment Failure

Graft failure is defined as not accepting donated cells. The donated cells do not make the new white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: Day 42

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant0

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Count of Participants Who Achieved Neutrophil Engraftment

Neutrophil engraftment is defined as the first day of three consecutive days where the neutrophil count (absolute neutrophil count) is 500 cells/mm^3 (0.5 x 10^9/L) or greater. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: By Day 42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant5

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Percentage of Participants With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe long-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. Patients will be assigned an overall GVHD score based on extent of skin rash, volume of diarrhea and maximum bilirubin level. The stages of individual organ involvement are combined to produce an overall grade. Grade I GVHD is characterized as mild disease, grade II GVHD as moderate, grade III as severe, and grade IV life-threatening. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 6 Months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant0

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Percentage of Participants With Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Grade

Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease is a severe short-term complication created by infusion of donor cells into a foreign host. Patients will be staged weekly between days 0 and 100 after transplantation using standard criteria used for staging. Patients will be assigned an overall GVHD score based on extent of skin rash, volume of diarrhea and maximum bilirubin level. The stages of individual organ involvement are combined to produce an overall grade. Grade I GVHD is characterized as mild disease, grade II GVHD as moderate, grade III as severe, and grade IV life-threatening. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 2-4Grade 3-4
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant4020

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Percentage of Participants With Relapse

The return of disease after its apparent recovery/cessation. Patients with leukemia involving the BM and myelodysplastic syndrome will have this assessed by BM biopsy and additional special studies such as cytogenetics or flow cytometry as appropriate. Patients will also have radiology studies such as plain X-rays or CT scans and/or other studies such as blood tumor markers to document presence or absence of disease as clinically indicated. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 2 Years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant40

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Number of Participant Who Were Alive at 7 Years Post Transplant

Overall survival will be defined as time from date of enrollment to date of death or censored at the date of last documented contact for patients still alive. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 7 Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant1

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Count of Participants With Disease Free Survival

The length of time after treatment ends that a patient survives without any signs or symptoms of that cancer or any other type of cancer. In a clinical trial, measuring the disease-free survival is one way to see how well a new treatment works. Patients with leukemia involving the BM and myelodysplastic syndrome will have this done by BM biopsy and additional special studies such as cytogenetics or flow cytometry as appropriate. Patients will also have radiology studies such as plain X-rays or CT scans and/or other studies such as blood tumor markers to document presence or absence of disease as clinically indicated. (NCT01685411)
Timeframe: 5 Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant1

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Time to Neutrophil Recovery

Defined as achieving an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 500/ul for three consecutive measurements on different days. Will be summarized with mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, and the change will be tested using a one-sample paired t-test at a two-tailed significance level of 0.05. (NCT01707004)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

Interventiondays (Mean)
Decitabine + Bone Marrow Transplant16

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Number of Participants With Primary Graft Failure

Defined as less than 5% donor chimerism in the cluster of differentiation (CD)3 and CD33 selected cell populations at any time after transplantation. Will be analyzed using KM method. (NCT01707004)
Timeframe: Day 30

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Decitabine + Bone Marrow Transplant0

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Overall Survival (OS)

Will be analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (KM) method, and OS will be obtained from the KM estimates along with 95% confidence intervals. (NCT01707004)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Decitabine + Bone Marrow Transplant64.7

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Percentage of Participants With Platelet Recovery by Day 30

Platelet recovery is defined as the first day of a platelet count greater than 20,000/mm^3 with no platelet transfusions. Will be summarized with mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, and the change will be tested using a one-sample paired t-test at a two-tailed significance level of 0.05. (NCT01707004)
Timeframe: Up to day 30

Interventionpercentage with plt engraftment, day 30 (Number)
Decitabine + Bone Marrow Transplant58

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Progression Free Survival

(NCT01707004)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

Interventiondays (Median)
Decitabine + Bone Marrow Transplant141

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Cumulative Incidence of Chronic GVHD According to BMTCTN

Will be summarized with a proportion and a 95% confidence interval. (NCT01707004)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

Interventionpercentage (Number)
Decitabine + Bone Marrow Transplant40.7

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Cumulative Incidence of Grade III-IV Acute GVHD

Determined by the standard bone marrow transplant (BMT) Clinical Trials Network criteria (BMTCTN). Will be analyzed using KM method, a Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) grade III-IV will be obtained from the KM estimates along with 95% confidence intervals. (NCT01707004)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Decitabine + Bone Marrow Transplant27.8

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Number of Participants With Complete Remission After Transplantation

(NCT01707004)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Decitabine + Bone Marrow Transplant14

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Cal-1 Marking in Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) (10-15 cm)

Samples were collected via endoscopic biopsy from the sigmoid colon: 10-15 cm from the anal margin (NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
Interventioncopies/cell (Mean)
Peak markingWeek 48
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)0.81210.8121
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)0.00070.0004
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)0.00220.0001

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Number of Participants With HIV-1 Tropism Shift

Shift from R5 to X4 or dual/mixed tropism (NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)0
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)0
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)0

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Mean Cell Dose for CD4+ Cells (Ttn)

(NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

InterventionNumber (10^8 cells) (Mean)
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)16.940
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)81.855
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)49.553

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Percent Transduction Efficiency of CD4+ Cells (Ttn) and CD34+ Cells (HSPCtn) of Final Cell Product

(NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
InterventionPercent transduction efficiency (Mean)
CD4+ Cells (Ttn)CD34+ Cells (HSPCtn)
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)41.058.6
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)29.226.3
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)66.831.3

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Percent Cal-1 Marking in Peripheral Blood

(NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
Interventionpercent Cal-1 marking (Mean)
Peak markingWeek 48
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)0.35000.0000
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)0.76500.1275
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)3.12000.1275

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Total Area Under the Curve (AUC) for Busulfan

Cohort 3: Total AUC = first dose AUC value + second dose AUC value (NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

Interventionmicromolar*min (Mean)
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)6521.5
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)8296.8

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Number of Participants With Severe and Life-threatening Adverse Events (AEs)

(NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
SevereLife-threatening
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)00
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)43
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)44

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Number of Participants With Predominant Integration Site Analysis

Vector Integration Site Analysis performed only when Cal-1 Marking is >= 1%. (NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)NA
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)NA
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)NA

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HIV Viral Load at Baseline Screening and Week 48 or at Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) Re-commencement

(NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
InterventionLog10 (copies/mL) (Mean)
Baseline screeningWeek 48 or at ART re-commencement
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)4.594.56
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)4.514.70
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)4.284.61

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Number of Participants With the Presence of Replication-competent Retrovirus

(NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)0
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)0
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)0

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Cal-1 C46 Expression in Peripheral Blood

C46 relative expression will be analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and normalized to the expression of β2-microglobulin (β2M) mRNA (NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
Interventionunits of relative expression (Mean)
Peak markingWeek 48
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)0.00000.0000
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)1.04960.0000
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)2.17010.0000

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Cal-1 Marking in Bone Marrow

(NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
Interventioncopies/cell (Mean)
Peak markingWeek 48
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)0.00070.0007
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)0.05390.0015
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)0.00210.0009

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Cal-1 Marking in GALT (25-35 cm)

Samples were collected via endoscopic biopsy from the sigmoid colon: 25-35 cm from the anal margin (NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
Interventioncopies/cell (Mean)
Peak markingWeek 48
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)0.02550.0255
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)0.00030.0003
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)0.00680.0055

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Mean Cell Dose for CD34+ Cells (HSPCtn)

(NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

InterventionNumber (10^6 cells/kg body weight) (Mean)
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)2.1
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)2.4
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)10.6

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Cal-1 sh5 Expression in Peripheral Blood

sh5 relative expression will be analyzed by RT-qPCR and normalized to the expression of RNU38B microRNA (NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
Interventionunits of relative expression (Mean)
Peak markingWeek 48
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)0.00000.0000
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)0.20270.0000
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)1.69330.0000

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CD4+ Count at Baseline Screening and Week 48 or at ART Re-commencement

(NCT01734850)
Timeframe: Up to 48 weeks

,,
InterventionCD4+ cells/cubic mm (Mean)
Baseline screeningWeek 48 or at ART re-commencement
Cohort 1 (CSL202 With No Busulfan)680.75553.3
Cohort 2 (CSL202 With 1 Busulfan Dose)575.13383.5
Cohort 3 (CSL202 With 2 Busulfan Doses)668.63245.5

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Induction Response

Induction response is the defined as the proportion of patients who achieve complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) during 6 cycles of induction therapy. Response was assessed was using a combination of CT scans and PET scans. Partial and complete response were categorized according to standard lymphoma response criteria, specifically the Revised Response Criteria (Cheson 2007). Given the cycle length of 3 weeks, induction duration per protocol was 18 weeks. (NCT01746173)
Timeframe: Disease was re-staged at cycles 3 and 6 during induction. Median duration of induction therapy in this study cohort was 6 cycles/18 weeks (range 2-6 cycles).

Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
CHOEP + High Dose Therapy + Auto SCT.60

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24-month Progression-Free Survival Rate

24-month progression-free survival rate is defined as the proportion of patients remaining alive and progression-free at 24 months from start of induction therapy. Disease progression was assessed using a combination of CT scans and PET scans. Progression was categorized according to standard lymphoma response criteria, specifically the Revised Response Criteria (Cheson 2007). (NCT01746173)
Timeframe: Disease was re-staged at cycles 3 and 6 during induction, at day 100 post-ASCT, and in long-term follow-up at months 12, 18, 24 and 36. All patients were evaluable up to month 24.

Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
CHOEP + High Dose Therapy + Auto SCT0.0

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Number of Participants That Engrafted and the Number of Participants That Had Full Donor Chimerism at Day 60

To estimate the number of participants that had engraftment rates and the number of participants that had full donor chimerism at Day 60 in patients undergoing an HLA haploidentical stem cell transplant with post transplant high dose cyclophosphamide. (NCT01749293)
Timeframe: Up to Day 60 post-transplant.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Haploidentical Transplant0

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Number of Participants That Had an Event Free Survival Rate

To estimate the number of participants who had an event free survival rate (NCT01749293)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Haploidentical Transplant0

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Number of Participants That Had an Overall Survival Rate

To estimate the number of participants that had an overall survival (OS) rate (NCT01749293)
Timeframe: Up to one year post-transplant.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Haploidentical Transplant1

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 3 or Higher Non-Hematologic or Grade 4 or Higher Hematologic Adverse Events

Percentage of participants experiencing grade 3 or higher non-hematologic or grade or higher hematologic adverse events evaluated by CTCAE v5.0. (NCT01773395)
Timeframe: 18 Months

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
GVAX3.33
Placebo0

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18-Month Progression Free Survival

"Progression-Free Survival (PFS) at 18 months after randomization. Progression-free survival is defined as time from randomization to progression of disease or death whichever occurs first. Patients with relapse/progressive disease who re-enter remission after vaccination or upon withdrawal of immune suppression alone will not be considered as having disease progression. The primary analysis will be performed using the modified intention-to-treat (ITT) principle, i.e., all transplanted and eligible patients who receive at least one vaccination will be included in the analysis according to the treatment arm they are randomized to. Patients who have not progressed and are alive are censored at the date the patient is known to be progression-free.~Progression is defined by either morphological evidence of acute leukemia or MDS consistent with pre-transplant features~is defined by either morphological evidence of acute leukemia or MDS consistent with pre-transplant features" (NCT01773395)
Timeframe: 18 months

InterventionPercentage (Number)
GVAX53
Placebo55

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18-Month Overall Survival

Assessment of overall survival at 18 months. Participants alive at last contact are censored at last contact. (NCT01773395)
Timeframe: 18 Month

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
GVAX63
Placebo59

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing Acute and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

"Percentage of participants with acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The time frame for the acute incidence is 1 year and for chronic is 3 years.Grading of aGVHD was derived by consensus grading (Przepiorka 1995). The aGVHD algorithm calculates the grade based on the organ (skin, GI and liver) stage and etiology/biopsy reported. Skin staging: Stage 1. <25% rash; 2. 25-50%; 3. >50%; 4. generalized erythroderma with bullae. GI staging: Stage 1. Diarrhea>500ml/d or persistent nausea; 2. >1000ml/d; 3. >1500ml/d; 4. Large volume diarrhea and severe abdominal pain +- ileus. Liver staging: Stage 1. bilirubin 2-3mg/dl; 2. bili 3-6 mg/dl; 3. bili 6-15 mg/dl; 4. bili>15mg/dl. Grade 4 is the worst outcome.~Chronic GVHD is classified using the NIH Consensus Criteria. 8 organs will be scored on a 0-3 scale to reflect degree of cGVHD involvement 0 being none, 1 mild, 2 moderate 3 severe. Liver and pulmonary function test results will also be recorded. Severe is the worst outcome" (NCT01773395)
Timeframe: 1 and 3 years

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 2-4 aGVHD @1yrGrade 3-4 aGVHD @1yrChronic GVHD @3yrsMod-severe cGVHD @3yrs
GVAX34164723
Placebo1205933

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Percentage of Participants With Relapse and/or Non-Relapse Mortality

Percentage of participants with relapse and/or non-relapse mortality at 18 months from registration. (NCT01773395)
Timeframe: 18 Months

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Non-relapse MortalityRelapse
GVAX1730
Placebo7.737

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The Tolerability of BuMel Regimen

Number of patients who experience one or more unacceptable toxicities (severe sinusoidal obstruction syndrome [SOS] or Grade 4-5 pulmonary toxicity per Common Toxicity Criteria [CTC] v.4.0) during the Consolidation phase of therapy. (NCT01798004)
Timeframe: Up to 28 days post-consolidation therapy, up to 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
All Patients9

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Dose-limiting Toxicities (DLT)

Participants that experienced DLT related to the NK Cells post transplant at different dose levels. (NCT01823198)
Timeframe: Up to 42 days

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group A: NK cells from KIR mismatched haplo donorsGroup B: NK cells from KIR mismatched cord blood donorsGroup C: NK cells from matched related donors
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 1_10^6222
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 2_10^7123
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 3_ 3x10^7022
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 4_ 10^8022
Phase II: NK Cell Dose Level 3_3x10^7010
Phase II: NK Cell Dose Level 4_ 10^80129

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Overall Survival

Participants that survived between day of transplant and day of death on different dose levels. (NCT01823198)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group A: NK cells from KIR mismatched haplo donorsGroup B: NK cells from KIR mismatched cord blood donorsGroup C: NK cells from matched related donors
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 1_10^6212
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 2_10^7010
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 3_ 3x10^7003
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 4_ 10^8012
Phase II: NK Cell Dose Level 3_3x10^7010
Phase II: NK Cell Dose Level 4_ 10^8072

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Number of Participants With Grade 3 Toxicities

Number of participants that had grade 3 toxicities up to day 42. (NCT01823198)
Timeframe: Up to day 42

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group A: NK cells from KIR mismatched haplo donorsGroup B: NK cells from KIR mismatched cord blood donorsGroup C: NK cells from matched related donors
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 1_10^6212
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 2_10^7122
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 3_ 3x10^7012
Phase I: NK Cell Dose Level 4_ 10^8012
Phase II: NK Cell Dose Level 3_3x10^7010
Phase II: NK Cell Dose Level 4_ 10^80116

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Percent Probability of 18 Months-relapse Event Between Arms

Probability of patients relapsing at 18 months. A relapse event is defined in protocol section 10.2.3. Time to relapse/non-response is defined as time from transplant to when all criteria of section 10.2.3 are met. (NCT01824693)
Timeframe: From transplant up to 18 months

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Arm I (Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan)17
Arm II (Busulfan, Fludarabine Phosphate)55

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Percent Probability of Event-free Survival (EFS)

Probability of Event-free Survival (EFS) for Patients after 18 months. An event is either treatment related mortality (TRM), primary or secondary graft failure, or relapse/non-response (as defined in protocol section 10). Time to event is time from transplant with patients who die between the start of the conditioning regimen and transplant given a time to event of zero. (NCT01824693)
Timeframe: From transplant up to 18 months

Interventionpercent probability (Number)
Arm I (Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan)83
Arm II (Busulfan, Fludarabine Phosphate)22

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Percentage of Participants Who Experience Primary Graft Failure Event Between Arms

Primary Graft failure is defined as the failure to achieve an ANC >= 500/uL after 42 days, determined by 3 consecutive measurements on different days; OR < 5% donor cells in blood or bone marrow by day +42 (as demonstrated by a chimerism assay), without evidence of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML). (NCT01824693)
Timeframe: Day 0 - day 540 (18 months) following completion of stem cell transplant

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Arm I (Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan)0
Arm II (Busulfan, Fludarabine Phosphate)0

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OS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)

OS is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 24 months post- treatment with OTL-101 or HSCT (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy100
HSCT Controls Without MRD85.71
HSCT Controls With MRD90.91
All HSCT Control Group88.00

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Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)

Overall survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 12 months post- treatment with OTL-101 or HSCT (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy100
HSCT Controls Without MRD85.71
HSCT Controls With MRD100
All HSCT Control Group92.31

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Reduction in Deoxyadenosine Nucleotide (dAXP) in Erythrocytes

Decreased dAXP levels coincide with increased ADA enzyme activity, detoxification was used to demonstrate functional ADA enzyme production from the introduced ADA transgene. The threshold for detoxification was <100 μmol/L. (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionumol/mL (Median)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy0.0330
HSCT Controls Without MRD0.0360
All HSCT Control Group0.0360

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Severe Infection Rate Excluding the First Three Months After Treatment

The infections of interest in this study were severe infections or opportunistic infectious episodes, defined as infections requiring hospitalization or prolonging hospitalization and/or documented infections by opportunistic pathogens. Infections that took place in the first 3 months of follow-up post treatment were excluded from calculations to avoid possible bias introduced in the data by the effects of conditioning. (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 24 months

InterventionInfection rate per person per year (Number)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy0.20
HSCT Controls Without MRD0.56
HSCT Controls With MRD0.15
All HSCT Control Group0.36

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Vector Copy Number (VCN) in Peripheral Blood (PB) Granulocytes.

Vector copy number in the PB granulocyte fraction that was T cell depleted, is a surrogate for amount of engrafted genetically modified Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) that are producing granulocytes every 3-5 days. VCN analysis was performed by Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) on DNA extracted from peripheral blood granulocytes. (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventioncopies/cell (Median)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy0.093

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Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)

"Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death." (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy100
HSCT Controls Without MRD64.29
HSCT Controls With MRD100
All HSCT Control Group80.77

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ADA Activity in Erythrocytes

ADA enzyme activity measured to assess the amount of functional gene product produced from the normal ADA transgene delivered by EFS-ADA LV; persistence of ADA enzyme activity over time demonstrates successful engraftment and differentiation of genetically modified HSC. (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionnmol/h/mg (Median)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy105.50
HSCT Controls Without MRD48.500
HSCT Controls With MRD1.000
All HSCT Control Group2.000

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Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (2 Years)

Immune reconstitution was assessed by change in CD3+ T Cell counts at baseline to Month 24. (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventioncells/μL (Median)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy569.0
HSCT Controls Without MRD340.0
HSCT Controls With MRD538.0
All HSCT Control Group395.5

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EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)

"Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death." (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy100
HSCT Controls Without MRD50.00
HSCT Controls With MRD63.64
All HSCT Control Group56.00

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Number of Single Integration Sites Representing >30% of the Total Integration Sites (2 Years)

Vector Integration Site Analysis (VISA) allowed determination of the distribution of vector integration sites in each subject's genome, as well as the relative clonal abundance. VISA was to be considered abnormal for a subject if, in 2 or more instances during the course of follow-up, a single integration site was found to represent >30% of the total integration sites detected. (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionnumber of participants (Number)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy0

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VCN in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)

PBMC VCN is a measure of the accumulation of peripheral blood leukocytes arising from engrafted, genetically modified HSC. VCN analysis was performed by ddPCR on DNA extracted from PBMC. (NCT01852071)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventioncopies/cell (Median)
OTL-101 Gene Therapy0.972

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Local Failure Rate and Pattern of Failure

Local failure is defined as relapse or progression of disease at the primary site. The cumulative incidence of local failure will be estimated; competing events will include distant failure or death prior to local failure. (NCT01857934)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
NB2012 Therapy (Including Induction, Consolidation, and MRD) Antibody Antibody (hu14.18K322A)1.56

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Feasibility of Delivering hu14.18K322A to 6 Cycles of Induction Therapy

"The study is designed to monitor the feasibility of delivering hu14.18K332A to 6 cycles of Induction chemotherapy. The feasibility of Induction therapy for this study will be to target no worse than 75%. A patient was considered as a failure for the 6 cycles of Induction therapy if the patient failed to complete Induction therapy within 155 days since treatment initiation due to toxicity or disease progression, unless the delay was a result of non-medical issues (e.g. not due to protocol toxicity). The proportion of patients who successfully received hu14.18K322A with 6 cycles of induction chemotherapy was estimated together with a 95% confidence interval. The response rate (CR + VGPR + PR) to 6 cycles of Induction chemoimmunotherapy was estimated together with the 95% confidence intervals" (NCT01857934)
Timeframe: After 6 cycles of induction therapy (approximately 24 weeks after enrollment)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
NB2012 Therapy (Including Induction, Consolidation, and MRD) Plus Antibody (hu14.18K322A)96.8

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Event-free Survival (EFS)

EFS was estimated as time to relapse, progressive disease, secondary neoplasm, or death from any cause from enrollment. The EFS was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method (NCT01857934)
Timeframe: 3 years, from time of enrollment

Interventionpercent of probability (Number)
NB2012 Therapy (Including Induction, Consolidation, and MRD) Plus Antibody (hu14.18K322A)73.7

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Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)

Number of patients who experience an unacceptable dose limiting toxicity (per CTCAE v 4.0) including the following toxicities: 1) Toxicity requiring the use of pressors, including Grade 4 acute capillary leak syndrome or Grade 3 and 4 hypotension; 2) Toxicity requiring ventilation support, including Grade 4 respiratory toxicity; 3) Grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity with MRI evidence of new CNS thrombi, infarction or bleeding. (NCT01857934)
Timeframe: During MRD treatment cycle (approximately 8-12 months after enrollment)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
NB2012 Therapy (Including Induction, Consolidation, and MRD) Plus Antibody (hu14.18K322A)1

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Overall Response Rate [Complete Response + Very Good Partial Response + Partial Response (CR + VGPR + PR)]

Per the 1993 INRC: measurable tumor defined as product of the longest x widest perpendicular diameter, elevated catecholamine levels and tumor cels in bone marrow. Complete Response (CR)-no evidence of primary tumor or metastases. Very Good Partial Response (VGPR)->90% reduction of primary tumor; no metastases; no new bone lesions, all pre-existing lesions improved. Partial Response (PR)-50-90% reduction of primary tumor; >50% reduction in measurable sites of metastases; 0-1 bone marrow samples with tumor; number of positive bone sites decreased by >50%. Mixed Response (MR)->50% reduction of any measurable lesion with <50% reduction in other sites; no new lesions; <25% increase in any existing lesion. No Response (NR)-no new lesions; <50% reduction but <25% increase in an any existing lesion. No Response (NR)-no new lesions; <50% reduction but <25% increase in any existing legions. Progressive Disease (PD)-any new/increased measurable lesion by >25%; previous negative marrow positive. (NCT01857934)
Timeframe: After two initial courses of chemotherapy (approximately 6 weeks after enrollment)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
NB2012 Therapy (Including Induction, Consolidation, and MRD) Antibody (hu14.18K322A)42

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Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) or Severe (Grade 3 or 4) VOD With hu14.18K322A With Allogeneic NK Cells in Consolidation

Number of patients who experience an unacceptable dose limiting toxicity (per CTCAE v 4.0) including the following toxicities: 1) toxicity requiring the use of pressors, including Grade 4 acute capillary leak syndrome or Grade3 and 4 hypotension; 2) Toxicity requiring ventilation support, including Grade 4 respiratory toxicity; 3) Grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity with MRI evidence of new CNS thrombi, infarction or bleeding in any subject receiving the hu14.18K322A with NK cell combination; 4) Failure of recovery of ANC > 500/mm3 by day 35 after PBSC infusion. Number of patients who experience Grade 3 or Grade 4 (per Common Toxicity Criteria v 4.0) veno occlusive disease (VOD). (NCT01857934)
Timeframe: During the recovery phase after busulfan/melphalan and PBSC rescue (approximately 24-26 weeks after enrollment)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
NB2012 Therapy (Including Induction, Consolidation, and MRD) Plus Antibody (hu14.18K322A)0

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Number of Participants With Acute GVHD, Graded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0

(NCT01894477)
Timeframe: Up to 84 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Treosulfan, Fludarabine Phosphate)29
Arm B (Treosulfan, Fludarabine Phosphate, TBI)50

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Number of Participants That Did Not Progress Within 6 Months

Progression is defined as relapse (NCT01894477)
Timeframe: At 6 months post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (Treosulfan, Fludarabine Phosphate)20
Arm B (Treosulfan, Fludarabine Phosphate, TBI)48

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Participants With Event-free Survival (EFS)

EFS is defined as the time from transplantation to either relapse, second tumors, or death, whichever occurred first, or last contact. EFS was analzyed by the individual disease groups rather than the cohort dose levels. (NCT01983969)
Timeframe: Enrollment up to 100 days post transplant.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
DLBCL17
Hodgkin Lymphoma16
T-cell NHL7
Other B-cell Lymphoma5

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Frequency of DLT

Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of azacitidine based on DLT was defined as any Grade 4 nonhematologic and noninfectious toxicity or any grade 3 mucositis or skin toxicity lasting > 3 days at peak severity. For dose finding, the continunal reassessment method was used with a target DLT probability per cohort of 25%. Azacitidine doses were chosen adaptively for sucessive cohorts with a minimum size of 2 patients. Toxicity scoring followed the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, version 3. (NCT01983969)
Timeframe: Enrollment up to day 30 post transplant for each dosing cohort

InterventionDose-limiting toxicities (Number)
Azacitidine Dose Level 116
Azacitidine Dose Level 228
Azacitidine Dose Level 340

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Number of Successful Unrelated Cord Blood (UCB) Transplants

The number of patients who received successful UCB transplants as evidenced by absolute neutrophil recovery. (NCT02007863)
Timeframe: 2 Years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Umbilical Cord Blood + Chemotherapy2

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Cumulative Incidence of Chronic GVHD

Cumulative incidence (measured as a percentage) of chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercent (Number)
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS11

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Cumulative Incidence of Non-relapse Mortality

Cumulative incidence (measured as a percentage) of non-relapse mortality at 180 days following myeloablative, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-mismatched bone marrow transplant (BMT) for patients with high risk hematologic malignancies. (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: Day 180

Interventionpercent (Number)
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS0

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Incidence of Donor Cell Engraftment

Incidence of donor cell engraftment measured as the percentage of donor cell engraftment. (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: 60 days

Interventionpercentage of donor cell engraftment (Number)
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS84

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Number of Participants With Donor Cell Engraftment

Number of Participants with Donor Cell Engraftment at Day 60 following myeloablative, HLA-mismatched BMT. (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: Day 60

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS27

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Cumulative Incidence of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) Grades 2-4 and Grades 3-4

Cumulative incidence (measured as a percentage) of acute GVHD grades 2-4 (overall) and grades 3-4 (severe). (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionpercent (Number)
Grades 2-4Grades 3-4
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS100

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Primary and Secondary Graft Failure

Incidence (measured as a percentage) of primary and secondary graft failure. (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of graft failure (Number)
PrimarySecondary
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS160

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Steroid and Non-steroid Immunosuppressants

Number of participants who used steroid and non-steroid immunosuppressants to treat GVHD. (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: Two Years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Steroid immunosuppressantsNon-steroid immunosuppressants
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS42

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Steroid and Non-steroid Immunosuppressants Use Duration

Duration of use of steroid and non-steroid immunosuppressants (in months) to treat GVHD. (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: Two Years

Interventionmonths (Number)
Steroid immunosuppressantsNon-steroid immunosuppressants
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS1819

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Survival

Estimate incidence of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), event-free survival, and relapse-free GVHD-free survival (GRFS) in patients receiving myeloablative, HLA-mismatched BMT for patients with high risk hematologic malignancies at 1 year. Incidence as a percentage. (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: up to 1 years

Interventionpercent (Number)
overall survival (OS)progression-free survival (PFS)disease-free survival (DFS)event-free survivalRelapse-free GVHD-free survival (GRFS)
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS7768686865

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Survival

Estimate incidence of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), event-free survival, and relapse-free GVHD-free survival (GRFS) in patients receiving myeloablative, HLA-mismatched BMT for patients with high risk hematologic malignancies at 2 years. Incidence as a percentage. (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: up to 2 years

Interventionpercent (Number)
overall survival (OS)progression-free survival (PFS)disease-free survival (DFS)event-free survivalRelapse-free GVHD-free survival (GRFS)
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS7364646452

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Time to Neutrophil and Platelet Recovery

Time to neutrophil and platelet recovery in median days (NCT02120157)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventiondays (Median)
neutrophilplatelet
Haploidentical BMT With PTCy for Acute Leukemias and MDS2221

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12 Month Disease Free Survival Probability

The percentage of patients who experience death or disease relapse by one year will be calculated and a corresponding 95% confidence interval will be constructed using the normal approximation for binomial proportions. The survival function will be estimated and plotted using the method of Kaplan and Meier. (NCT02248597)
Timeframe: At 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Stem Cell Transplant With GVHD Prophylaxis)51.8

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Overall Survival

The survival function will be estimated and plotted using the method of Kaplan and Meier. (NCT02248597)
Timeframe: At 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Stem Cell Transplant With GVHD Prophylaxis)66.7

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Progression Free Survival

Kaplan-Meier estimation of the percentage of patients who are alive without progressive disease at one year. (NCT02248597)
Timeframe: At 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Stem Cell Transplant With GVHD Prophylaxis)51.8

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Rate of Acute GvHD

Kaplan-Meier estimation of the rate of acute GvHD in the study population at one year with a 95% confidence interval. (NCT02248597)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Stem Cell Transplant With GVHD Prophylaxis)51.8

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Relapse-free Mortality

Non-relapse mortality will be defined as time from registration to death due to anything other than relapse of hematological malignancy. Patients who relapse will be treated as a competing risk. (NCT02248597)
Timeframe: At 12 months

Interventiondays (Mean)
Treatment (Stem Cell Transplant With GVHD Prophylaxis)86.8

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To Determine the Efficacy of This Allogeneic Transplant Approach in Reconstituting Normal Hematopoiesis and Reversing the Clinical Phenotype of CGD

Patient will have donor chimerism of greater than 20% and resolution of infection or autoimmunity at end of follow up (NCT02282904)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Greater than 20% donor chimerismResolution of inflammation or infection
CGD Recipient77

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Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measures (2 Years)

Assessment of quality of life was measured by the Lansky Performance Status Scale. The maximum score on the Lansky Performance Scale is 100 - the child is fully active and able to carry on normal activity with no special care needed. The minimum score is 10 - the child is completely disabled, not even passive play. The scores at baseline (pre-treatment with OTL-101) and scores at Month 24 post-treatment with OTL-101 were compared to establish if there were any changes in the child's score in this timeframe. (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 24 months

InterventionLansky Performance Score (Median)
Gene Therapy0

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Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)

"Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death." (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 12 Months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Percentage event-free at 12 monthsPercentage without reinstitution of PEG-ADA by 12 monthsPercentage without rescue HSCT by 12 months
Gene Therapy90.0090.00100

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EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)

"Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no event, an event being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death." (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Percentage event-free at 24 monthsPercentage without reinstitution of PEG-ADA by 24 monthsPercentage without rescue HSCT by 24 months
Gene Therapy90.0090.00100

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Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (2 Years)

Immune reconstitution was assessed by change in CD3+ T Cell counts over time. (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventioncells/μL (Median)
Gene Therapy418.5

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment Efficacy After Treatment With OTL 101 (6 Months)

"Efficacy of OTL-101 treatment at 6 months post OTL-101 infusion based on the following parameters and thresholds:~ADA enzyme activity in erythrocytes above baseline/pretreatment level (i.e., >0 units). ADA enzyme activity is measured to assess the amount of functional gene product produced from the normal ADA transgene delivered by EFS-ADA LV.~Absolute CD3+ T cell counts ≥200 cells/μL. Increase in CD3+ T cell counts is a marker of immune reconstitution.~Granulocyte samples positive for vector sequences by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (≥1/10,000 cells). Vector copy number (VCN) in the Peripheral Blood (PB) Granulocytes fraction that was T cell depleted, is a surrogate for amount of engrafted genetically modified Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) that are producing granulocytes every 3-5 days." (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
% of subjects with an increase from baseline in RBC ADA activity% of subjects with CD3+ T-cell count >=200 cells/μL% of subjects with detectable gene-marked granulocytes by quantitative PCR >=1/10,000 cells
Gene Therapy10010090

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Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)

Overall survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 12 months post- treatment with cryopreserved OTL-101. (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 12 Months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Gene Therapy100

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OS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)

OS is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 24 months post- treatment with cryopreserved OTL-101. (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Gene Therapy100

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Percentage of Patients Who Stopped Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IgRT) (2 Years)

Use of immunoglobulin replacement therapies prior to and after gene therapy were monitored. Indications for considering the discontinuation of immunoglobulin replacement therapy included: absolute CD4+ >200, absolute B cell >100/μl, IgA or IgM > lower limit of normal for age or gene marking >1% detectable in B cells. (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Gene Therapy78

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Severe Infections Excluding First 3 Months After Treatment

The infections of interest in this study were severe infections or opportunistic infectious episodes, defined as infections requiring hospitalization or prolonging hospitalization and/or documented infections by opportunistic pathogens. Infections that took place in the first 3 months of follow-up post treatment were excluded from calculations to avoid possible bias introduced in the data by the effects of conditioning. (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 24 months

InterventionInfections per person per year (Number)
Gene Therapy0.12

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Time to Cessation of IgRT for Those Who Stopped (2 Years)

Use of immunoglobulin replacement therapies prior to and after gene therapy were monitored. For subjects who stopped IgRT during the study, the time of cessation was recorded. (NCT02999984)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Gene Therapy11.6

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Progression-free survival defined by the time interval from transplant to relapse/recurrence, to death or to last follow-up. Reported as percentage of participants who are disease free one year post HCT. (NCT03018223)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post HCT

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Conditioning/HCT/GVHD Prophylaxis56.6

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Overall Survival (OS)

Overall survival is defined as time from transplant to death or last follow-up, and is reported as percentage of surviving participants. (NCT03018223)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year post HCT

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Conditioning/HCT/GVHD Prophylaxis70.2

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Incidence of Grade II-IV Acute Graft vs. Host Disease (GVHD)

Cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD by day 100 after HCT. Acute GVHD organ staging and assessment of overall grade will use standard consensus criteria. The cumulative incidence of acute and chronic GVHD will be estimated, considering malignancy relapse and non-relapse death as competing risk events. (NCT03018223)
Timeframe: 100 days post hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Conditioning/HCT/GVHD Prophylaxis18.8

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Incidence of Chronic GVHD

Cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD by 1 year. Chronic GVHD diagnosis follow National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus guidelines. (NCT03018223)
Timeframe: 1 year post HCT

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Conditioning/HCT/GVHD Prophylaxis20.0

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Time to Engraftment

Number of days from transplant when participants achieved engraftment measure by ANC of 0.5 for three consecutive days. (NCT03096782)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months after transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Twenty Two DaysTwenty Nine DaysThirty DaysNine DaysThirty Two Days
Chemotherapy Plus Cord Blood Transplant21111

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Disease-free Survival

Number of participants that were in remission post transplant. (NCT03096782)
Timeframe: Up to12 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete Remission at 30 daysComplete Remission at 12 months
Chemotherapy Plus Cord Blood Transplant64

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Overall Survival

Number of participants alive 1 year post transplant. (NCT03096782)
Timeframe: Up to 12 months after transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Chemotherapy Plus Cord Blood Transplant4

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Overall Survival (OS) at 1 Year

Estimates was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, Greenwood formula was used to calculate SE, and log-log transformation method was used to construct 95% confidence intervals. Each patient's vital status was monitored per clinical standard operating procedure. For this endpoint failure is defined as death (from any cause). Patients not experiencing a death event was censored at his/her date of last contact. (NCT03128359)
Timeframe: From start of transplant to death, or last follow up, whichever occurs first, assessed for up to 1 year.

Interventionpercentage of probability (Number)
Regimen A (Fludarabine, Melphalan, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis)68
Regimen C (Fludarabine, TBI, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis)100

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Graft-Versus-Host Disease-Free, Relapse-Free Survival (GRFS) at 1 Year

Estimates will be calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, Greenwood formula will be used to calculate standard error (SE), and log-log transformation method will be used to construct 95% confidence intervals. Graft versus host disease (GVHD, acute and chronic), disease status and vital status will be monitored per clinical standard operating procedure. For this endpoint failure is defined as the first occurrence of grade 3 or 4 acute GVHD, or moderate/severe chronic GVHD, or disease relapse (for patients in complete remission at the start of conditioning) or disease progression (for patients with active disease at the start of conditioning) or death (from any cause). Patients not experiencing any of these will be censored at his/her date of last contact. (NCT03128359)
Timeframe: From stem cell infusion to grade 3-4 acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), moderate-severe chronic GVHD, relapse, progression or death (from any cause), whichever occurs first, assessed for up to 1 year.

Interventionpercentage of survival probability (Number)
Regimen A (Fludarabine, Melphalan, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis)53
Regimen C (Fludarabine, TBI, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis)84

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Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (aGVHD) of Grades 2-4 According to the Consensus Grading

Acute graft versus host disease is graded according to the 1994 Keystone Consensus Grading. aGVHD grade was evaluated from day 0 through 100 days post-transplant. The first day of acute GVHD onset at grades 2-4 was used to calculate the cumulative incidence. Relapse/death prior to onset was considered competing events. (NCT03128359)
Timeframe: Up to 100 days post-stem cell infusion

Interventionpercentage of probability (Number)
Regimen A (Fludarabine, Melphalan, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis)47
Regimen C (Fludarabine, TBI, PBSC HCT, GVHD Prophylaxis)53

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Non-relapse Mortality (NRM) at Day 100

NRM is defined as death due to GVHD, infections, sepsis, organ (lung, liver, kidney) toxicity. Death from underlying disease (i.e. progression or relapse) is not considered NRM. (NCT03303950)
Timeframe: Up to day 100

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
All Participants - Treatment1

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Non-relapse Mortality (NRM) at Day 365

NRM is defined as death due to GVHD, infections, sepsis, organ (lung, liver, kidney) toxicity. Death from underlying disease (i.e. progression or relapse) is not considered NRM. (NCT03303950)
Timeframe: Up to day 365

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
All Participants - Treatment2

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Number of Participants With Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Response

After bone marrow transplant, bone marrow was collected every 3-6 months (as clinically indicated per treating investigator) for up to one year after bone marrow transplant. Bone marrow was evaluated by a clinical pathologist for any evidence of multiple myeloma (MM) or myelofibrosis (MF). Evidence of MM or MF in the bone marrow is referred to as minimal residual disease (MRD). A participant with evidence of MRD is MRD-positive. A participant with no evidence of MRD is MRD-negative, which is considered an MRD response. This outcome reports the number participants with MRD responses any time between bone marrow transplant up to one year of follow-up. (NCT03303950)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
All Particpants - Treatment5

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Overall Survival at One Year

Overall survival is defined as the number of participants remaining alive up to one year following stem cell transplant. (NCT03303950)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
All Particpants - Treatment3

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Disease Free Survival at One Year

Disease free survival is defined as an absence of disease relapse or progression up to one year following stem cell transplant. (NCT03303950)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
All Particpants - Treatment3

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Incidence of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)

Cases of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) will be diagnosed by the treating physician and will be reported as a count of participants with acute GVHD. (NCT03303950)
Timeframe: Up to day 365

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
All Particpants - Treatment2

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Number of Participants With Different Clinical Responses

Clinical Responses were determined by disease-specific criteria taking into account multiple clinical and molecular markers. Multiple Myeloma (MM) response was determined using International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) consensus criteria for response. Participants with MM had either Stringent Complete Response (sCR) or Very Good Partial Response (VGPR). Myelofibrosis (MF) response was determined using International Working Group-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) and European LeukemiaNet (ELN) consensus criteria. Participants with MF had either Complete Response (CR) or Stable Disease (SD) (also referred to in the protocol as no response). (NCT03303950)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Stringent Complete Response (sCR)Very Good Partial Response (VGPR)Complete Response (CR)Stable Disease (SD)
All Particpants - Treatment1121

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Incidence of Chronic GVHD

Chronic GVHD will be assessed based on criteria established by the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project in 2005, and recently updated in 2014. This will be reported as a count of participants diagnosed with chronic GVHD (NCT03303950)
Timeframe: Up to day 365

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
All Particpants - Treatment1

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Neutrophil Engraftment

Rates of engraftment, defined as the first day of Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) greater than 500 for the first of three consecutive days (NCT04002115)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of Participants (Number)
Clofarabine 30 mg/m^20

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Severity of Chronic GVHD

The highest overall grade (1-4) of chronic GvHD experienced by participants as measured from Day +100 to Year 1 post-transplantation using the Glucksberg criteria (NCT04002115)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of Participants (Number)
Clofarabine 30 mg/m^20

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Severity of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

The highest grade (1-4) of acute GvHD experienced by participants as measured from day of transplantation to Day +100 using the Glucksberg criteria (NCT04002115)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionpercentage of Participants (Number)
Clofarabine 30 mg/m^20

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Rate of Chronic GVHD

The rate of any grade (1-4) of Chronic GvHD as measured from Day +100 to Year 1 post-transplantation using the Glucksberg criteria. (NCT04002115)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionpercentage of Participants (Number)
Clofarabine 30 mg/m^20

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Rate of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

The rate of any grade (1-4) of acute GvHD as measured from day of transplantation to Day +100 using the Glucksberg criteria. (NCT04002115)
Timeframe: 100 days

Interventionpercentage of Participants (Number)
Clofarabine 30 mg/m^20

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Complete Remission (CR) Rate at Day 30 Post HSCT

The CR rate at 30 days (Day +30) post stem cell transplant infusion (NCT04002115)
Timeframe: 30 days

Interventionpercentage of Participants (Number)
Clofarabine 30 mg/m^2100

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		1.9510O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		1.9910C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
ethylene dichloride
ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.4620chloroethaneshepatotoxic agent;
mutagen;
non-polar solvent
alpha-hydroxyglutarate
2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.11102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		1.9910amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		2.05104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		2.6530hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.4620ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.0510monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.0510acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		1.9710ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		2.69306-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		2.4320imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		2.9740acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzene
[no description available]		4.8340aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		4.2850amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		2.8640halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		1.9510alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
carbamates
[no description available]		2.3520amino-acid anion
carnitine
[no description available]		3.1450amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		3.4580alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
chlordecone
[no description available]		2.0410cyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound		insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.0510tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		1.9510halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.4820coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.4120monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
4-aminophenol
4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.		2.0510aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		4.4260aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		2.0710guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		1.9710monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		4.6280amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		2.0510glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.05102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.		2.0410dimethylbenzimidazoleEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		3.2660sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		2.0610ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.3820aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		2.7430chlorocyclohexane
glycine
[no description available]		3.2360alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.0510alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		1.9510carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.0810
histamine
[no description available]		3.0650aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.0510benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		2.3420hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		340alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.7530cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		3.570acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0710acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.6930pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.5670pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.1110monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
1-octanol
1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.		2.0810octanol;
primary alcohol		antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
fuel additive;
kairomone;
plant metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.0510aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1310acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
parathion
[no description available]		2.0410C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.0510phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		1.9410propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
purine
1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.		2.8540purine
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.7890monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		1.9310azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.4520methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		4.3760hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
taurine
[no description available]		1.9310amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiophane
[no description available]		2.9540saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
tetrahydrothiophenes
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		4.0840primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		1.9410pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		1.9410methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		3.5590pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		4.5580uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.8740isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.		2.0310amphetamines;
dimethoxybenzene;
organoiodine compound
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.0510p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		2.4620monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		2.1110bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		2.4620dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2.0410aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		1.9710benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		7.8840ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.7430oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenytoin
[no description available]		8.89302imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		2.3920monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		3.76100acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		4.5370aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		6.66161acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetarsol
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		9.86100monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.9740acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.8530acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
ethacridine
Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.		2.0710acridines
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
adiphenine
adiphenine: was heading 1963-94; use DIPHENYLACETIC ACIDS to search ADIPHENINE 1966-94		2.0710diarylmethane
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea
beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.		2.3520
aklomide
aklomide: structure		2.0710carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		4.2750aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		5.01120phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		4.08401,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		3.8630monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		3.8530imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		4.2550organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		3.1550secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		5.0370triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		4.7690adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.420aromatic amine
ametantrone
ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		4.0340acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		5.7861diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		3.4470dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.0510guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		3.620N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		5.75150dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole
2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
primary amino compound
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		5.81601-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		4.7690carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.4520monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		4.86100dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.0510barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.0710aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		4.4160dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amprolium
Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.		2.0710pyridinium ioncoccidiostat
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		8.93153acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		4.2550nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
antazoline
Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.0710aromatic amine;
imidazolines;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.4720anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		3.3160pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol
[no description available]		2.0710aporphine alkaloid
apraclonidine
apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
guanidines;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
diagnostic agent;
ophthalmology drug
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		2.5320enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		9.78352benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		3.1550benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		4.86100ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		7330aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		2.0210alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.7330monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
azinphosmethyl
Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.		2.0410benzotriazines;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
baclofen
[no description available]		4.0840amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.0510barbituratesdrug allergen
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.8730indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.620benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.0710carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		4.78901-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		2.1110ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.4820benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.0710benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		2.4420pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		7.610alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
betaxolol
[no description available]		4.5470propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		3.8730carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.4520propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		4.6780(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.4720biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		4.2750piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		3.8830diarylmethane
bisbenzimidazole
Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.		2.0410bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		4.6580secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bithionol
Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol		antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
bretylium
bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.0710quaternary ammonium ionadrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
brimonidine
[no description available]		2.0210imidazoles;
quinoxaline derivative;
secondary amine		adrenergic agonist;
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.7430organic molecular entity
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		2.730organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7530benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.0510N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
seratrodast
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.4520organic molecular entity
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		2.7430aromatic ketone
bumetanide
[no description available]		5.1130amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		2.0410quinazolines
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		3.4370aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		4.7790azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butacaine
butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92		2.0710benzoate ester
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.0510barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butamben
butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.		2.0710amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		local anaesthetic
butenafine
butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.		2.0210naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		antifungal drug;
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
caffeine
[no description available]		5.15140purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		4.93110aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.4520monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		2.0510biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.0840benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamylcholine
[no description available]		2.0710
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		4.95110dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.8730monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carbazilquinone
Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.		4.5140organic molecular entity
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		3.5920carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmofur
[no description available]		2.0410organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		14.857013N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4720carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.7330quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		4.5470carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		4.2750organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celiprolol
Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.		2.0410aromatic ketone
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		3.8530ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.4520aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		12.121333aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.2310diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		4.5570benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		4.07401,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.01120aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		3.5820benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.4720monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		4.6780monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		5.82170organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		5.73150monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		4.4160isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.42601,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		2.9740diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.9640cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.9840aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostazol
[no description available]		3.8830lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		5.17140aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
aricine
[no description available]		2.0710cinchona alkaloid
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		2.4420cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		3.1650cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		11.61151aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		3.1550benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		4.66802-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol
Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0410amino alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
ethanolamines;
primary arylamine;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.7530monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		9.11311,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		2.9640monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		4.87100aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene
[no description available]		4.2750tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		4.6680dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		7.091421,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		4.6680clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.4720sulfonamide
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.84301,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.0510organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		4.6880conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cloxyquin
cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source		2.0710organochlorine compound;
quinolines
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		2.9840chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.4720carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.8530carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.5920organic molecular entity
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.0410non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cystamine
[no description available]		1.9410organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapsone
[no description available]		5.1130substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		2.4620carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		4.81100acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		4.96110dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		2.04101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		3.8630primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.0510alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		4.991201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.7790benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene
dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.0710dibenzothiophenes;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		keratolytic drug
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		2.0710aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
dicamba
Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
methoxybenzoic acid		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
synthetic auxin;
xenobiotic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		4.95110amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.0510benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.8630dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dichlorvos
Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.		1.9510alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine acaricide;
organophosphate insecticide		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		3.8630carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.7430N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.2310pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		4.6580monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilacor xr
5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.		2.0710acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
benzothiazepine;
lactam;
tertiary amino compound
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		4.0840dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		2.0710oxazolidinone
dimethoate
Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.		1.9510monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
dinitolmide
Dinitolmide: A coccidiostat for poultry.		2.0410dinitrotoluene
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		4.84100ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenylpyraline
diphenylpyraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allergen : A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.. diphenylpyraline : A member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.		2.0710piperidines;
tertiary amine		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
dipivefrin
dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.		2.0210ethanolamines;
pivalate ester		adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		5.65100piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dipyrone
metamizole : A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis.		2.0410amino sulfonic acid;
pyrazoles		anti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		4.7690monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		4.7790organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		5.42180branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		3.360benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		4.4360aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.8630morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.0640aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		4.5470dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.620pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		4.0740aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dyclonine
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic ketone;
piperidines		topical anaesthetic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		4.0840oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
ebastine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.0710benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.7430dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.4420ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.96401,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.1510
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.8530triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		4.5770aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ethinamate
ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.		2.0410carbamate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		sedative
profenamine
profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.		2.0710phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic antagonist;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		4.4260dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.620imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		4.26501,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		2.7430phenols
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.2650monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.25502-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		2.4620aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.6680carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.0810biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.6580dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.0210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		4.7890aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.620benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		3.8930monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.7430resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fenspiride
fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma		2.4520azaspiro compound
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		2.9540anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		4.0740piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		4.2850benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.5920carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		4.6580aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.9740difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		4.95110conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		4.94110aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		2.7530aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		4.2550N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		4.95110ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		2.45201,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		4.0840benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		10.5622nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		4.96110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		2.0210decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210phenothiazines
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		4.6780fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.4620diarylmethane
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		10.16140(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.5920pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		4.6380carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		5.33170chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		4.7690gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		4.7690aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.3720
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		4.5570aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		3.1650N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		5.1130sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.6580aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.9740piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		4.94110monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.0510
granisetron
[no description available]		4.460aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		3.8830methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		4.2850azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		4.5470acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		5.15140aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		2.7330haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.7530bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0510phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.7430barbiturates
hexoprenaline
Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.		2.0710
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		2.0710acetamides
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.9840thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.5470azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		5.32100benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		4.2750benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		3.5820aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		17.7121033one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		4.5570hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0410
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		5.1130monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		4.7790primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		4.7790benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide
[no description available]		12.37306ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		4.87100dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.94110bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		4.5470indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		5.73150aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		2.0210organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iodoquinol
Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.		2.0710monohydroxyquinoline;
organoiodine compound		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.9640benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.7330dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.3820organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.0510benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.5620amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid
[no description available]		5.06130carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		4.5470azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		1.96103-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		4.0840benzenes
isoetharine
Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.		2.0710catecholamine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		5.21150carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.0510secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		4.5570catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		3.8730alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		4.4160benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		4.7690piperazines
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		4.4260cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		3.3160aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		10.17140dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		4.6580benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.5470amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		2.7530cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.3720furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		5.03120benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		4.41601,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		4.7690benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.0510benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		4.6880(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		4.5470nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.4720aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		3.5620fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		9.68153N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		5.2131monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		3.8530benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		5.9271benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		4.94110biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.5620dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
ly 171883
LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.		2.0710acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
phenols;
tetrazoles		anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.0210chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		4.87100anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.0510organic molecular entity
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.86100aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		3.7930primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		7.71570nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		4.0940diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.8530aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.3820monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.5470aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		2.0210organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		4.0940adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.75301,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		4.5470ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenesin
Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.		2.0710aromatic ether;
glycerol ether
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		4.0840imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		4.2650piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		4.4160organic molecular entity
benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester
[no description available]		2.0710benzoate ester
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.2550amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		3.2310phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		4.1140aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		4.95110guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		4.8860benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		2.9740ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.8830aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.5920aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.4520ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.5820benzothiadiazine
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.4620aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.4520benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
methyl methanesulfonate
[no description available]		3.2260methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		4.5470beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.0510organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		4.93110benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		4.4160organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		4.86100aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		5.22150C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		4.2150aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		4.6680aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		2.9740dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.9740dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		4.86100imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.8530amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		4.2550bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		4.85100dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		4.5470benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		4.2250diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		15.63245dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		3.360benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		3.8730monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.8730monoterpenoid
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0510benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		3.1650acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
clorgyline
Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.		2.0410aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		3.8530methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		4.140tetralins
nafronyl
Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.		2.0710naphthalenes
naftopidil
[no description available]		2.0710piperazines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.42601,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
activins
Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.		3.8321
naphazoline
Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.		2.0710naphthalenes
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		4.2550heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		5.17140aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.7530benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.9340quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		5.1130cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		3.8730organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		4.6680benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		5.17140C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0510aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		4.0740(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		2.0710dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		4.6880aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		5.021202-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.86100C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		3.44701,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		3.360C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		3.8630nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nitromide
nitromide: antibacterial agent for prevention & treatment of Salmonella pullorum infections in chickens & turkeys & for fowl typhoid & paratyphoid; used in feed; structure		2.0710
nizatidine
[no description available]		4.65801,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		4.7790isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.7330catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		4.0840fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		4.86100organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
nylidrin
Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.		2.4620alkylbenzene
o(6)-benzylguanine
O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity		210
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		4.66803-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		4.87100aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		4.5470carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		4.0940ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.0510aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.41601,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		4.26501,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.4720amino acid amide
oxibendazole
oxibendazole: structure		2.7530benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.4520organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		2.7530aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
benoxinate
benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.		2.0710amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
topical anaesthetic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.5670acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		3.7930phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		4.5670aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
pamidronate
[no description available]		4.5370phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		4.4160aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		4.5570benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.7430dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		2.7530aromatic amine
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.54701,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		4.5470aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.8630barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		12.35133oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.5670piperidinescardiovascular drug
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		4.7690N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide
phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure		2.4620acetamides
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		3.5280acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.0410diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		4.93110barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.0510phenols
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		4.2850aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		4.0840primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
oxophenylarsine
oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.		1.9810arsine oxidesantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		4.3560pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		2.9640organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate
[no description available]		2.0710pyrroloindole
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.0410benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		2.9740pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		4.7690indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.7890aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.0510amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
pipobroman
Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.		11.48190N-acylpiperazine;
organobromine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		4.4360organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirbuterol
pirbuterol: structure		2.0210pyridines
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		2.0710pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.7430aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.5820benzothiadiazine
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.7530acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.620pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0810chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0810pyridochromene
prazepam
Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.0210benzodiazepine
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		4.5470isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		4.86100aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.4420amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.7890aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		4.86100pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		2.0710diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		4.94110benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		3.1550dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		4.92110benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		2.4620benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		15.98263benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		4.5570N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		4.2750pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.0410phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		4.570phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		4.2650aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		3.2310xanthenes
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		4.5570phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		5.11130naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		2.0610
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		3.8630carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.0510pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		4.2650pyridinium ion
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		2.4820aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		5.01130aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.5620benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.2310dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		4.0840benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		4.26501-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		3.84110aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		2.0510secondary carboxamide
resorcinol
resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410benzenediol;
phenolic donor;
resorcinols		erythropoietin inhibitor;
sensitiser
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		4.5470benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.5620alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		5.021201,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		4.0740tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rofecoxib
[no description available]		4.6961butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.5720indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
roxarsone
Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.		2.07102-nitrophenols;
organoarsonic acid		agrochemical;
animal growth promotant;
antibacterial drug;
coccidiostat
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		2.38201,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.4720phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate
salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.		2.0210ether;
phenols;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.620benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.2310barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
semustine
Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.		4.570N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.4420ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		3.5920organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		4.86100pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sodium iodide
Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.		2.3820inorganic sodium salt;
iodide salt
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		4.2650pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		4.7690ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		2.0710aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
imatinib
[no description available]		4.5570aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin
[no description available]		2.3820pyridines;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		7.6792dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		3.5920quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
succinylsulfathiazole
succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure		2.07101,3-thiazoles
sulconazole
sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
sulfabenzamide
sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.		2.4620benzenes;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial drug
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.4620N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.6830aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine
Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine		2.3720sulfonamide antibioticantiinfective agent
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.4720pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.7530pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		4.2750sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		3.76100isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine
Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		2.0410pyridazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.9740substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		2.4720primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.4520pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		4.86100
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		3.360pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		3.4470isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		2.05102-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
sulfoxone
sulfoxone: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410sulfonamide
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.8730alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		3.1650benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		4.7690sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		3.1450aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.9640naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		3.4470N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		2.4520acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
tegafur
[no description available]		2.4520organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		2.7430benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		3.8530benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		5.49110imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		4.5470furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		4.6680phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		3.3160diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		2.7530benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone: structure. tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone : A hydroxybenzoquinone in which all four protons of the benzoquinone structure are substituted by hydroxy groups. A systemic keratolytic, it is normally supplied as its hydrate (CHEBI:137471).		2.0710hydroxybenzoquinonekeratolytic drug
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		5.180phthalimides;
piperidones
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		4.08401,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
2-thiosalicylic acid
2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.		2.0710sulfanylbenzoic acidantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic
2,2'-thiodiethanol
2,2'-thiodiethanol: product of yperite hydrolysis; a hydrolysis product opf mustard gas; strongly stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. thiodiglycol : A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom		2.0410aliphatic sulfide;
diol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
solvent
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		4.0740phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		18.1619654aziridines
tiapride
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		4.95110monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.4720aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		4.2650imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tioconazole
tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
thiophenes
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.8530N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.6680benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.4160N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		2.0710imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		5.22150N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		3.8630aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.4820monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.0510aromatic ketone
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		4.5370aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		4.0840amino acid
trapidil
Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.		2.0710triazolopyrimidines
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		4.7790monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		4.5470pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		4.460triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		2.0410benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
triclosan
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trientine
Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.		2.0210polyazaalkane;
tetramine		copper chelator
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		4.4160N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol
Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)		2.0710aromatic ketone
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.4720organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.2310amine
trimebutine
Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.		2.0710trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimeprazine
Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.		2.0710phenothiazines
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		5.0270oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.2310benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		5.1130aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		4.2450
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		3.8430dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trioxsalen
Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.		2.0710psoralensdermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		4.88100chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tropicamide
Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.		2.0710acetamides
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tulobuterol
[no description available]		2.0710organochlorine compound
tyramine
[no description available]		3.2310monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.5720aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		3.1650piperazines
urethane
[no description available]		5.39200carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		4.95110cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesamicol
vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410piperidines
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		3.8730gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		2.0410aromatic ether
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.7630aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
xylazine
Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.		2.07101,3-thiazine;
methylbenzene;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
emetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
xylometazoline
xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710alkylbenzene
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.7790carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		4.4160nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		4.85100imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.9640aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.87301,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		2.9740monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.5920corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		6.33130mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium
Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.		2.4620acylcholine
corticosterone
[no description available]		1.991011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		9.2646211beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.763016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		3.0510ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		4.680alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		2.9740beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.2850imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		4.3460glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		5.68270pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		3.690nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.4720benzodioxolespesticide synergist
triethylenemelamine
Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.		6.684501,3,5-triazinesalkylating agent;
insect sterilant
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
isoproterenol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620catechols
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.0510
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		4.1402-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		3.59201-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		2.0510ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.4203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		4.63803-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.0510barbiturates
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.4520barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		4.4160non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		13.52100411-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		4.396017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
paramethasone
Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)		2.0410fluorinated steroid
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		3.873017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
androsterone
[no description available]		1.941017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
etiocholanolone
Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.		3.733017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.372017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochloride
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		2.38202-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
azauridine
Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.		2.6630N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazineantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.6380penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.7430organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		2.4820phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.2550pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		2.0710organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		4.42602-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
isonicotinic acid
isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.		2.0510pyridinemonocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		1.9410dialkyl phosphate
dimethylmyleran
dimethylmyleran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. dimethylmyleran : A methanesulfonate ester that is hexane-2,5-diol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups are replaced by methanesulfonyl groups.		6.01220methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
mutagen
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.9840chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		4.0840alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		6.19180C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.5920amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		1.9410aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.0510organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		1.9710pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
vincristine
[no description available]		4.460acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		4.5470carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.0510glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		3.568017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		2.4420steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.4720bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		4.4260aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.6730pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		44017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
dromostanolone
dromostanolone: synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.9940benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		3.4680adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.7430azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
uridine
[no description available]		2.6530uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.5670kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
ethopabate
Ethopabate: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.		2.0710amidobenzoic acid
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		3.580pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		2.1310D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.0510phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
thiamine
[no description available]		2.0410organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		3.4470amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.2310ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.2510benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		4.0931amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		4.1650amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.8630quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.5920phenothiazines
acepromazine
Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.		2.0710aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dimethoxybenzene
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		2.0710amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		4.2650penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.0210organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		2.7530benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		3.2460amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition
berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.		2.0710dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
lipoic acid;
thia fatty acid		cofactor;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group
ethyl methanesulfonate
Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.		2.8840methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		2.1110quaternary ammonium salt
aniline
[no description available]		2.0410anilines;
primary arylamine
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		2.6930nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		1.961017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.7530lactose
primaquine phosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.7930aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.6430amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.071020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		6.87380alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		2.4620
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.5920benzenes
uracil mustard
Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.		10.19160aminouracil;
nitrogen mustard
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		4.0740penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.7430antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
barbituric acid
barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.		1.9810barbituratesallergen;
xenobiotic
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.4620chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.0510formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		3.518017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.3820oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		3.9304-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone
Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.		6.091701,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		4.140aromatic ketone
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.6180beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		10.35524mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		18.4418543beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.7330nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		1.9510amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		3.155020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
sulfobromophthalein sodium
bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.		2.0410organic sodium saltdye
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.5820L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		3.266017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.0510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
methandrostenolone
Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)		1.9410organic molecular entity
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.3820erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		9.2850arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.0510aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
ethylene oxide
Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.		2.0310gas molecular entity;
oxacycle;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		allergen;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
methanesulfonic acid
[no description available]		210alkanesulfonic acid;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite
dalapon
dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.753011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
mepenzolate bromide
[no description available]		2.0710diarylmethane
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		3.150benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0510barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
methylpentynol
methylpentynol: structure		2.0410ynone
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.8630primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.7530chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		2.0710pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
sulfachlorpyridazine
Sulfachlorpyridazine: A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.. sulfachloropyridazine : A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.		2.0710organochlorine compound;
pyridazines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.051012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
cyclizine
Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.		2.4620N-alkylpiperazineantiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		15.123976-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		2.7630organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
diquat
Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.		2.0510organic cationdefoliant;
herbicide
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.6320organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
phensuximide
phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710pyrrolidines
dimethisoquin
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		4.2550penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		4.4160glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid
Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.		3.4111penicillanic acids
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure		2.0510organochlorine compound
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		1.9510
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.5820phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		3.0510naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
4-biphenylamine
4-biphenylamine: used in detection of sulfates, & as a carcinogen in cancer research; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-4-amine : An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4.		1.9710aminobiphenylcarcinogenic agent
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.1110xanthene
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.4620phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
fenoprop
fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure		2.0410monocarboxylic acidphenoxy herbicide
synephrine
[no description available]		2.4720ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		2.0410chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2-bromophenol
bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.		2.4620bromophenolmarine metabolite
alpha-chlorohydrin
alpha-Chlorohydrin: A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents.. 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol : A chloropropane-1,2-diol that is propane-1,2-diol substituted by a chloro group at position 3.		1.9510chloropropane-1,2-diol
dicloran
2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
nitroaniline		antifungal agrochemical
3-dinitrobenzene
dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.		2.0510dinitrobenzeneneurotoxin
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.0410phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		3.4811quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
dyrene
dyrene: structure. anilazine : A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine pesticide;
secondary amino compound;
triazines		antifungal agrochemical
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		2.7530pyridinium salt
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.		2.4620aromatic amineallergen;
carcinogenic agent
phenylisothiocyanate
phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.		2.4620isothiocyanateallergen;
reagent
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.8730benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
methyl acetoacetate
methyl acetoacetate: structure		2.1110oxo carboxylic acid
4-bromophenol
4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.		2.4620bromophenolhuman urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant;
rat metabolite
4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene dioxide
4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene dioxide: activates caspase cascades; structure. 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide : The diepoxide of 4-vinylcyclohexene.		2.1310epoxidecarcinogenic agent
1,2-epoxybutane
1,2-epoxybutane: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.1510epoxide
butane
butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.		3.0350alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant;
refrigerant
acrolein
[no description available]		2.0410enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
2-bromoethylamine
[no description available]		2.4620
allyl alcohol
allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.		2.4620primary allylic alcohol;
propenol		antibacterial agent;
fungicide;
herbicide;
insecticide;
plant metabolite
isethionic acid
Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		1.9610alkanesulfonic acidhuman metabolite
bromobenzene
[no description available]		2.4620bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		1.9410cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		2.0510short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		1.9410pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		4.78120mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
1,4-butanediol
butane-1,4-diol : A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16degreeC) with a high boiling point (230degreeC), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).		2.8640butanediol;
glycol		neurotoxin;
prodrug;
protic solvent
nonane
iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.		1.9310alkaneplant metabolite;
volatile oil component
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.0410polyazaalkanecopper chelator
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.9140peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		2.0210steroid ester
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.2310ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantidepressant
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		2.9740bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		2.9840biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.7530barbituratesanticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride
edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		2.4620chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.610diester;
phthalate ester		androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0510aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
chloranil
Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
organochlorine compound		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.7530aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0510anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
di-n-pentyl phthalate
dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.4620diester;
phthalate ester		plasticiser
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.0510hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		4.5670quinolines
chloroprocaine
chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.		2.0710benzoate ester;
monochlorobenzenes		central nervous system depressant;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
amiben
Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410chlorobenzoic acid
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		1.9510naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.7730hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride
leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride		2.4620benzoate ester
monuron
monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. monuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.		2.04103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
iminodiacetic acid
iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410amino dicarboxylic acid;
glycine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		chelator
pregnenolone
[no description available]		1.961020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		2.4720methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.4620hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		4.0640penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		3.1250dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.8430acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.051017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
fluocortolone
Fluocortolone: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.		2.031021-hydroxy steroid
tripelennamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
phenetidine
Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.		2.0410aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		drug metabolite
diazooxonorleucine
Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.		2.0410amino acid zwitterion;
diazo compound;
ketone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		analgesic;
antibacterial agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		5.870azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		2.6330acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.03101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		4.21501,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		4.732diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.4620steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
propantheline bromide
[no description available]		2.0710xanthenes
nitroblue tetrazolium
Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.		4.420organic cation
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		3.5920phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		4.76100azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.0510corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		2.4520nitrile
methylpentynol carbamate
[no description available]		2.0410
mechlorethamine n-oxide
[no description available]		2.0410nitrogen mustard
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.4620
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
estradiol 17 beta-cypionate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.0510organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		2.9240pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.7230heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		3.8730mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		6.93121N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
linuron
Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
phenylureas		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.6830benzenes;
sulfonamide
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.		2.4620hydrochlorideplant metabolite
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		4.2650benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		3.9840ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.7630hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		2.1110amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		3.811011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
fluorometholone
Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		8.15020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.4620bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		1.951017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		3.7630imidazolidine-2,4-dione
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		4.53401-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ketobemidone
ketobemidone: structure		7.4220piperidines
methylguanidine
Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.		1.9510guanidinesEC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
uremic toxin
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.0510calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.4720cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.2550bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		210
indirubin
[no description available]		2.6630
plumbagin
plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.		2.0410hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone;
phenols		anticoagulant;
antineoplastic agent;
immunological adjuvant;
metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.7530isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.4720phthalazines
reticulin
Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.		8.3711benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline;
isoquinolinol		plant metabolite
pamaquine
pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410aminoquinoline
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.0510amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylethanol
4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.2510phenolsanti-arrhythmia drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
protective agent
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.23104-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		4.6211
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		1.9610thiazolidine
mustard gas
Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.		2.4920ethyl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
vesicant
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		3.8730ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		7.56142furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.45203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		3.793017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		7.362017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		3.8830diarylmethane
apronalide
apronalide: structure		2.0410N-acylurea
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid: Bepask is calcium salt		2.0710benzamides
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.7430thiazoles
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.		2.0410dinitrophenol acaricide;
hydroxytoluene;
nitrotoluene		dinitrophenol insecticide;
fungicide;
herbicide
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		4.0840amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.8530carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.6120dialdehydebiomarker
triethylenephosphoramide
Triethylenephosphoramide: An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent.		2.3320phosphoramide
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.5920benzenes;
sulfonamide
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic tricyclic compound
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.9840isothiocyanateinsecticide
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.0510
4,4'-bipyridyl
4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.		2.1110bipyridine
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
diepoxybutane
diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		2.6730epoxidemutagen
metahexamide
metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410benzenes;
sulfonamide
lactulose
[no description available]		3.8730glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
isoxsuprine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620alkylbenzene
betaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		3.155020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		2.0410antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
galactitol
[no description available]		3.9720hexitolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		6.47131acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
3-hydroxyacetanilide
metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.		2.4620acetamides;
phenols		non-narcotic analgesic
methoxyacetic acid
methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.4620ether;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mutagen
phendimetrazine
phendimetrazine: minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710
trimetozine
[no description available]		2.0710morpholines
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		5.1130cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
isosorbide
Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.		2.0610organic molecular entity
docosanol
Tadenan: from powdered bark of Pygaeum africanum (Rosaceae), see also heading for docosanol (a priciple ingredient of extract). docosan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a non-prescription medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores.. docosanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.		2.0710docosanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		antiviral drug;
plant metabolite
nitrosoguanidines
Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.		2.6430
hempa
Hempa: A chemosterilant agent that is anticipated to be a carcinogen.		6.9510phosphoramideinsect sterilant;
mutagen
hadacidin
hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.		2.0410aldehyde;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide
[no description available]		2.2110
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810
ethylnitrosourea
Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.		2.420N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
carbophenothion
carbophenothion: structure		2.0410organic sulfide
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		4.255017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
porfiromycin
Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.		2.0410
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		2.74301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
vinblastine
[no description available]		3.360
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
isopropylmethanesulfonate
isopropylmethanesulfonate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		1.9710
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		11.743514pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.0410pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
testolactone
Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.		2.04103-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
seco-androstane
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous)
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.		2.4620hydrochloride
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.7330steroid ester
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.6680ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine
[no description available]		210
pyrithioxin
Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.		2.0410methylpyridines
tetramethylpyrazine
tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).		2.0710alkaloid;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.4720benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		4.95110glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346
sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.		2.0410nucleoside analogueprotein kinase inhibitor
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		5.8971alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.4720aliphatic nitrile
guanazole
Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.		2.0410aromatic amine;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
flurandrenolone
Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)		2.071021-hydroxy steroid
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		4.0840monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4620aromatic ketone
meturedepa
meturedepa: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6031		2.0410phosphoramide
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
ioxynil
ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0410iodophenol;
nitrile		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
bromoxynil
bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.		2.0410dibromobenzene;
hydroxynitrile;
phenols		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.		2.0510polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		5.1760organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
picloram
Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.		2.0410aminopyridine;
chloropyridine;
organochlorine pesticide;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		herbicide;
synthetic auxin
ethoglucid
Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.		3.7530epoxide
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		4.2450benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .		1.9710methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		3.8730aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		4.5470benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		2.0410aromatic ketone
flumethasone
Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
azaribine
azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.		2.0410acetate ester;
N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine		antipsoriatic;
prodrug
benzylguanidine
[no description available]		7.110
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		2.4420corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.7630pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione
[no description available]		2.0410
acadesine
[no description available]		2.05101-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
thiocholchicine
thiocholchicine: RN refers to (S)-isomer		1.9310
acetophenazine
acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.		2.0410N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlordesmethyldiazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzodiazepine
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		5.03120dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		3.1450organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.6680dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.1110fluorescein isothiocyanate
improsan
improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410organosulfonic ester
trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether
trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; synonyms NSC-36354 & TMCA refers to tartrate [1:1]		1.9510acetamides;
alkaloid;
carbotricyclic compound
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		1.98101,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
cyclacillin
Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.		2.0210penicillinantibacterial drug
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.44202-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin
[no description available]		4.7190antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
piperacetazine
piperacetazine: was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90)		2.0410phenothiazines
clonidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dichlorobenzene
cladribine
[no description available]		9.83245organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone
[no description available]		2.964011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
ethylene dimethanesulfonate
ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure		3.150
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		4.0740penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
estradiol enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.0510carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		2.9140diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.4720isoquinolines
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		3.360penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.5920acridines
mexiletine hydrochloride
mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
pentaquine
pentaquine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.743011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		22.35557164beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		antipsoriatic
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
levomethadone
levomethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (R)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneantitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		4.0640azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
enbucrilate
Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.		2.0310alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
nitrile
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
terodiline
[no description available]		2.7430diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
phenylethylmalonamide
Phenylethylmalonamide: A metabolite of primidone.		2.0310amine
metoclopramide hydrochloride
metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.		2.4620
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
lanthanum
[no description available]		6.9710f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		3.9620elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		7.2110chromium group element atommicronutrient
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		3.4920elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
rhenium
Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.		3.511manganese group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.1110iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
samarium
Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		2.0210f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		3.0410copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		1.9410manganese group element atom
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		2.3820cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		2.1110f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		3.0410copper group element atom;
elemental gold
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.76100pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
metocurine iodide
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		5.9570delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
isopentenyladenosine
Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.		2.0410N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
plant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		6.86122diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		4.3711metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
chromates
Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.		1.9710chromium oxoanion;
divalent inorganic anion		oxidising agent
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
sulfur trioxide
sulfur trioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1110sulfur oxide
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		7.3110elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
1,3-dichloro-1-propene
1,3-dichloro-1-propene: soil fumigant; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 1,3-dichloropropene : A chloropropene with two chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively..		2.1110
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		2.5420cadmium coordination entity
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.3920diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		1.9410
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
phenacid
phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
sodium bichromate
sodium bichromate: RN given refers to di-Na salt		1.9710inorganic sodium salt
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		2.4620benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		2.4620S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.07102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.0410benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
metopimazine
metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310phenothiazines
parbendazole
parbendazole: anthelmintic used against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZIMIDAZOLES; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.4520benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		4.6580selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4720hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
urobilinogen
Urobilinogen: A colorless compound formed in the intestines by the reduction of bilirubin. Some is excreted in the feces where it is oxidized to urobilin. Some is reabsorbed and re-excreted in the bile as bilirubin. At times, it is re-excreted in the urine, where it may be later oxidized to urobilin.. urobilinogen : A member of the class of bilanes that is a colourless product formed in the intestine by the reduction of bilirubin.		1.9410bilaneshuman metabolite
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		4.31416-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		4.1140monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.4720monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.0810bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.0510benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		4.5370beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		2.0610organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		3.2960glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine
pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
calusterone
calusterone: was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92		2.04103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		6.3411117beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		2.4620carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.8730
lisuride
Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).		2.0410monocarboxylic acid amideantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic agonist
etoprine
etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP		2.0410
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.5920
iodine
[no description available]		3.4520halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		11.64445aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		2.0410N-alkylpiperazine
capobenic acid
[no description available]		2.0710benzamides
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.7230cephalosporinantibacterial drug
diftalone
[no description available]		2.0710
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		5.4841nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		1.9810L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
disopyramide phosphate
[no description available]		2.4620organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.5920aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.76301,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		4.2450indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.8740benzenes;
phenyl acetates
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		3.226011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.8730indoles
azetepa
[no description available]		2.0410phosphoramide
sulfolane
sulfolane : A member of the class of tetrahydrothiophenes that is tetrahydrothiophene in which the sulfur has been oxidised to give the corresponding sulfone. A colourless, high-boiling (285degreeC) liquid that is miscible with both water and hydrocarbons, it is used as an industrial solvent, particularly for the purification of hydrocarbon mixtures by liquid-vapour extraction.		3.6430sulfone;
tetrahydrothiophenes		polar aprotic solvent
tributyl phosphate
tributyl phosphate: a detergent. tributyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.		3.411trialkyl phosphate
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
dimethylacetamide
hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.		6.07101acetamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		6.23101bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.04103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.7530phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
metipranolol
Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.		2.0210acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
halazepam
halazepam: structure		2.0210organic molecular entity
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.4320benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		4.1331
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.4720
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.0510glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.2310chlorphenamine
ribostamycin
Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.5920N-acylindole
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		2.0610
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		4.6580beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
ripazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzenes
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		5.17140penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		4.7690timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.9840tryptamines
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		3.8730cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		4.1140catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
prednimustine
Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.		3.4920corticosteroid hormone
toloxatone
toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.		2.4520oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
toluenes
moricizine hydrochloride
moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		3.5620carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
amygdalin
[no description available]		2.0410cyanogenic glycoside;
disaccharide derivative;
gentiobioside		plant metabolite
vidarabine phosphate
Vidarabine Phosphate: An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.		3.4611
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		4.2750amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
bitolterol
bitolterol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bitolterol : The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.		2.0210carboxylic ester;
diester;
ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
prodrug
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.16140azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.0810organic molecular entity
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		4.4260pyrroline
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		2.4520amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
serentil
mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.		2.4620organosulfonate saltdopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		3.6790amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		14.95234taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		18.5320452beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		7.3110peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
propafenone hydrochloride
propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		4.5570catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		2.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trimazosin
trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410N-arylpiperazine
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		4.0840ethanolamines
etidocaine
Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.		2.0410amino acid amidelocal anaesthetic
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		4.951101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		2.7430triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.5770alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.0410
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.7530catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		4.5470beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		4.5670aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
guanadrel
guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).		2.0210guanidines;
spiroketal		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		5.08130L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		3.1450monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		2.4520penicillin
bezafibrate
[no description available]		2.9740aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.5580
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		4.861005-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
nimustine
Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		9.6461aminopyrimidine;
N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
levobunolol
Levobunolol: The L-Isomer of bunolol.. levobunolol : A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.		2.0210aromatic ether;
cyclic ketone;
propanolamine		antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
nonachlazine
Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.		2.0510
vinclozolin
vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0310dicarboximide;
dichlorobenzene;
olefinic compound;
oxazolidinone
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.7330organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
dexibuprofen
dexibuprofen: structure in first source		2.0310ibuprofennon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		4.56701,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.9640cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
exifone
[no description available]		3.5920benzophenones
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine)
Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).		1.9710
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		7.5420pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		3.2310[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
vindesine
Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).		3.9940methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary carboxamide;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate
flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		2.4620acetate saltanti-arrhythmia drug
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.4520azepanes
nicardipine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dihydropyridinegeroprotector
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
butibufen
butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410monoterpenoid
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.6120benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		5.0770anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.6120tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.6580aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
medroxalol
medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410salicylamides
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		4.6780aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
spiromustine
[no description available]		2.0410
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone
indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4620
diaziquone
diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.		9.29301,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines;
carbamate ester;
enamine		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
lorcainide
[no description available]		3.1550acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		11.493514anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
ceforanide
ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefonicid
Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		6.0481penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		4.86100aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triciribine phosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		10.14140alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		4.2550cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.4720indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4720one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
lodoxamide
[no description available]		2.0210organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
indalpine
indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710indoles
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		4.0740diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole nitrate
butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
organic nitrate salt
butoconazole
butoconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. butoconazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.7430cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
lidamidine
lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure		2.0710ureas
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.4720nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
endralazine
BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4420benzamides
naftifine
naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210allylamine antifungal drug;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
bw-755c
4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.		2.0410
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.5620diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		2.0710acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.7690cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		3.1450benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.4820benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		2.4420dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		4.0840
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.460cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		3.1550fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
mitoxantrone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
pirazolac
[no description available]		2.0310
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		5.2990monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		2.2510aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.2310organic molecular entity
dazoxiben
dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.6680
recainam
recainam: structure given in first source		2.7430
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		4.94110delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.1550aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		4.0940naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		3.1550aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4520
levocabastine
levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis		2.0210piperidines
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		4.95110delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		2.9740benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.4470dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		4.861003-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.8530N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
caracemide
[no description available]		2.0410
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.9640carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.4720hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		4.5470aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.6680dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		4.4260imidazoles
eproxindine
eproxindine: structure given in first source		2.0310
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		4.1403-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dopexamine
dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710catecholamine
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.0410dioxanes
(S)-nomifensine
(S)-nomifensine : The S enantiomer of nomifensine.		2.0310nomifensine
lonapalene
RS 43179: used in treatment of psoriasis		2.0710naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound
antineoplaston a10
antineoplaston A10: peptide analogue isolated from human urine		2.610
cilazapril, anhydrous
Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
pyridazinodiazepine		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.8530imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.0810naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.2310aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
ipsapirone
[no description available]		2.0710N-arylpiperazine
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		4.66803-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.0810imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.9740
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		4.2650aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
piroxantrone
[no description available]		3.0910
temafloxacin
temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.4620amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
(2S)-2-[[oxo-(4-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl)methyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
[no description available]		2.0310phenylalanine derivative
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		3.1550quinolines
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		2.0810heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.4520adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		4.08406-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.4520organic molecular entity
aromasil
[no description available]		3.612017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		3.360fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.77901-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
remacemide
remacemide: structure given in first source		2.0710stilbenoid
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		4.2650methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		4.5470phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		4.2550beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		2.9740tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		14.12194pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.96110aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		12.394014organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		4.0640benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		3.8730aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		4.0640alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		4.2550aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		5.03120monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0810duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.5920duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		6.1890carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		4.95110biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5820
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		4.25501,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.7430guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		4.4160oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
3-iodobenzylguanidine
3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.		5.0142organoiodine compound
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.47206-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		3.8630monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		4.2850biphenyls
saquinavir monomethanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.8530L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.8630carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.2550adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone: structure		2.04101,4-benzoquinones
allyl formate
[no description available]		2.4620
morzid
morzid: structure		2.0410morpholines
pipothiazine
pipothiazine: was heading 1975-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PIPOTHIAZINE 1975-94; a member of the family of phenothiazine tranquilizers		2.0310
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.4820hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.4620methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7630aromatic ketone
cisatracurium
cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R*,2'R*)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.		2.0410diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride
Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.0510hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.7630hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0410L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		4.6780
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		2.7530
cefprozil
[no description available]		4.0640cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
methylprednisolone aceponate
methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
dexamethasone 17-valerate
dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
dexamethasone dipropionate
[no description available]		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
febrifugine
febrifugine: antimalarials; structure		2.0410quinazolines
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.8730acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		4.0940aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantiviral agent;
dopamine agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.0510D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.08102-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.4420organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		5.7351azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		4.0940carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		4.0940acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
thymine arabinoside
thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus		2.0410N-glycosyl compound
psicofuranine
[no description available]		2.0410psicose derivative;
purine nucleoside
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside: enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase. 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside : An indolyl carbohydrate that is the beta-D-galactoside of 3-hydroxy-1H-indole in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively. It is used to test for the presence of an enzyme, beta-galactosidase, which cleaved the glycosidic bond to give 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1H-indole, which immediately dimerises to give an intensely blue product.		2.0510beta-D-galactoside;
D-aldohexose derivative;
indolyl carbohydrate;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound		chromogenic compound
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		2.3420iodine oxoacid
dobutamine hydrochloride
dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.4620hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		3.8430glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclofenac
fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710aromatic ether
triciribine
[no description available]		2.0410nucleoside analogueEC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.9640benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
proxicromil
proxicromil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4620conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt
5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.0410
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
imipramine n-oxide
imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.5920organohalogen compound;
quinolines
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.8630benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.5920organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
trofosfamide
trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure		2.4420ifosfamides
4-aminobenzoic acid-n-xyloside
4-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside: K 247 refers to Na salt; RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.0410
fotrin
fotrin: ethyleneamine derivative; antineoplastic; Russian drug; structure		2.0410
sufosfamide
sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure		2.0410
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.5920sulfonamide
torbafylline
torbafylline: structure given in first source		2.0710
mizolastine
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
dexloxiglumide
dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.7430glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.4520pyridoindole
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
repaglinide
[no description available]		4.4160piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		4.7790benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
propatyl nitrate
propatyl nitrate: structure given in first source		2.0410nitrate ester
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		3.1350fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfamidochrysoidine
sulfamidochrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. prontosil : A diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. It was the first antibacterial drug, (introduced 1935) and the first of the sulfonamide antibiotics.		2.0410
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer		2.0410
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		2.41201,2,3-triazole
chloroethylaminouracil
chloroethylaminouracil: structure		1.9310
trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
amiloride hydrochloride
amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.		2.4620hydratediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.0810
ibopamine
ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source		2.0410benzoate ester;
phenols
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
steroid sulfate		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen
econazole nitrate
econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.		2.4620
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.0510imidazoles
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		4.6680dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride
lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.		2.4620hydrochlorideantimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
cefcanel
cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure		2.4520
pumitepa
pumitepa: structure; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0410
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		5.82611,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
epristeride
epristeride: structure given in first source		2.7430steroid acid
talinolol
[no description available]		2.7430ureas
elmustine
elmustine: structure		2.0410
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.0810sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flunoxaprofen
flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects.		2.46201,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		antirheumatic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
tianeptine
tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.		2.4620dibenzothiazepine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.46203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
forphenicinol
[no description available]		2.0410
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
fenflumizole
fenflumizole: structure in first source		2.0310
2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenethiol
[no description available]		2.940
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.0410fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
denaverine
denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.5920aminopyrimidine
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.0710cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
anaxirone
anaxirone: structure given in first source		1.9710
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		2.4520aromatic compound
erythromycin propionate
erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed		2.0210erythromycin derivative
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.5820chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		4.5570aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627
biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.4520carbapenems;
organic sulfide;
pyrazolotriazole		antibacterial drug
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.61201,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		4.2550razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.0810succinate saltgeroprotector
loperamide hydrochloride
loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		2.4620hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.5920aromatic ether
antebate
betamethasone butyrate propionate: a topical corticosteroid		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		4.2850conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
inproquone
inproquone: major descriptor (78-80); replaced major descriptor Bayer E39 (63-77); on-line search AZIRINES (66-80); Index Medicus search Bayer E39 (63-77), INPROQUONE (78-80)		3.0450
betamipron
[no description available]		2.7530organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
mepindolol
mepindolol: 2-methyl deriv of pindolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710indoles
fpl 52791
FPL 52791: also has anti-allergic properties; related to sodium cromoglycate; structure		2.0710
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.7430benzofurans
ranimustine
ranimustine: RN given refers to (alpha)-(D)-isomer; structure		5.6873organic molecular entity
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.6120amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.5920imidazoles
epanolol
epanolol: structure given in first source		2.0710acetamides
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
perindoprilat
perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
L-alanine derivative;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
prednisolone phosphate
prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glucocorticoid receptor agonist;
prodrug
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
(S)-flurbiprofen
[no description available]		2.0310flurbiprofen
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		2.940
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.0410
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.7530phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343
Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer		2.4520
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		2.4620fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
squalamine
squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source		2.0410bile acid
neplanocin a
neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase		2.0410
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.0510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.6120carbapenems
2-naphthylisothiocyanate
[no description available]		2.4620
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		4.460hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
[no description available]		1.9710
1-ethoxysilatrane
[no description available]		2.0410
bendamustine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.6411
rivastigmine
[no description available]		3.8530carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		4.0840carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		3.8530indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		4.95110aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
bexarotene
[no description available]		4.0840benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.964011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
orphenadrine citrate
orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid.		2.4620citrate saltH1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.7630organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		4.86100macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tretazicar
tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)		2.0410
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		4.73903-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		2.0410
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide
N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors		2.4620pyrrolidines
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		8.9130iditolfungal metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		3.8430peptide
phentolamine mesylate
[no description available]		2.4620
streptovitacin a
streptovitacin A: structure		2.0410
oxybutynin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochloride
1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene
[no description available]		2.0510secondary alcohol
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810isoquinolines
cordium
bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.		2.4620hydrate;
hydrochloride
lekoptin
(S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.		2.03102-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
tarenflurbil
tarenflurbil: R-enantiomer of flurbiprofen but not a COX inhibitor; modulates NF-kB, gamma-secretase, amyloid beta-protein;		2.0310flurbiprofen
cb 10375
trimelamol: structure given in first source		2.0410
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.5820peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		2.7630amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
firefly luciferin
Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.		2.07101,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
benzothiazoles;
imidothioate		luciferin
carbenicillin indanyl
carbenicillin indanyl: acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer)		2.0410penicillin
levcromakalim
[no description available]		2.07101-benzopyran
cb 1837
CB 1837: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
hexaphosphamide
hexaphosphamide: structure		2.3920
phosphoramide mustard
[no description available]		1.9610nitrogen mustard;
phosphorodiamide
dipin
dipin: structure		2.0410
phosphazine
phosphazine: structure		2.0410
diiodobenzotepa
diiodobenzotepa: structure		2.0410
4-hydroxycyclophosphamide
4-hydroxycyclophosphamide: primary activation metabolite of cyclophosphamide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide : A phosphorodiamide that consists of 2-amino-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-4-ol 2-oxide having two 2-chloroethyl groups attached to the exocyclic nitrogen.		4.6232nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
phosphorodiamide		alkylating agent;
metabolite
icig 1163
ICIG 1163: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
hepsulfam
hepsulfam: structure given in first source		3.3770
bimolane
bimolane: structure given in first source		2.0410
thiodipin
thiodipin: structure		2.0410
fluoxydine
fluoxydine: structure		2.0410
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
imiphos
imiphos: structure		2.420
hexylcaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0710
lanthionine
lanthionine: a thioether analogue of cystine; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS). lanthionine : An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage.		8.5920alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		bacterial metabolite
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.612017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
mafosfamide
mafosfamide: RN given refers to cis-(+-)-isomer		10.3941
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.0810imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.7530beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
sr141716
[no description available]		2.7630amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		4.95110primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
fluo-3
Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds		2.1110xanthene dyefluorochrome
fpl 55712
FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors		2.0710aromatic ketone
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.0710N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
aldophosphamide
aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide		2.0410nitrogen mustard
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		3.8630alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
asulacrine
asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source		2.0410acridines
hydroxycotinine
hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
fingolimod hydrochloride
Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).		2.0810hydrochlorideimmunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.7430dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2-hydroxyimipramine
2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.4520acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.6120benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione: isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus fermentation broth; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.4920
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		1.9410short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
oxymatrine
oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source		2.0410alkaloid;
tertiary amine oxide
ibuprofen, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310ibuprofen
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine
[no description available]		11.97279adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
1,1,2-trichloroethanol
1,1,2-trichloroethanol: metabolite of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene		2.0410
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		3.8630benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.6120isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
fpl-52694
FPL-52694: mast cell stabilizer; RN given refers to parent cpd; FPL-52694 is mono-Na salt; structure given in first source		2.0710
fullerene c60
Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.		2.2510fullerenegeroprotector
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		6.53190methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		4.0740indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.7530bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tazobactam
Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.		3.4111penicillanic acids;
triazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		4.86100aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.0510adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
4-carboxyfluorescein
[no description available]		2.1510monocarboxylic acidfluorochrome
ramatroban
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
dehydroalanine
2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3.		4.08402,3-dehydroamino acid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
enamine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		alkylating agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		3.6120benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
5-fluoro-2,2'-cyclocytidine
5-fluoro-2,2'-cyclocytidine: structure		1.9610
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
iremycin
iremycin: anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces violaceus subsp. iremyceticus; RN given refers to parent cpd(7R-trans)-isomer		2.0410
methotrexate
[no description available]		18.6421934dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
n,n'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine
N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine: structure given in first source		2.0410
hainanensine
hainanensine: structure in first source		2.0410
xaliproden
xaliproden : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.		2.0710(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		serotonergic agonist
tamsulosin
[no description available]		4.42605-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
n-isobutyrylcysteine
N-isobutyrylcysteine: RN given refers to L-isomer		2.0710
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.9740penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		3.8730biphenyls
n-hydroxysuccinimidyl digoxigenin-3-o-methylcarbonyl-epsilon-aminocaproate
N-hydroxysuccinimidyl digoxigenin-3-O-methylcarbonyl-epsilon-aminocaproate: used to bind to catalytic alpha-subunit of the sodium pump and to cardiac glycoside receptors		2.4110
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.620amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
quilostigmine
quilostigmine: RN given for (3aS,cis)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710pyrroloindole
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
abiraterone
[no description available]		2.08103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
imiloxan
[no description available]		2.0710benzodioxine
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		3.9301,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.45202-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
aspartame
[no description available]		2.0710carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
cl 88236
CL 88236: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9510
tempol
[no description available]		2.0710aminoxyls;
hydroxypiperidine		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
catalyst;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
ritrosulfan
ritrosulfan: RN given refers to parent cpd(R*,S*)-isomer; structure		2.3820
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.3620amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.57201-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		3.360hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.1340secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0410cyclohexenones
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		3.5920carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872
YM 872: structure in first source		2.0410
nsc-141549
[no description available]		2.4620
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		5.021209-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		3.8730azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.5820carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
nepafenac
nepafenac: amide analog of amfenac; structure in first source. nepafenac : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is amfenac in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted into the corresponding carboxamide. It is a prodrug for amfenac, used in eye drops to treat pain and inflammation following cataract surgery.		2.2510monocarboxylic acid amidecyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
dx 8951
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		4.0940amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast
[no description available]		2.7430methoxybenzenes
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.8630benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.4520
vatalanib
[no description available]		2.0710monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		2.0410
damvar
damvar: structure		2.0410
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		4.5470aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.5920
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.8630dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		4.0840isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.		2.4820tropane alkaloid
kolaviron
kolaviron: antihepatotoxic fraction of biflavonones from Garcinia kola seeds; phalloidine antagonist. kolaflavanone : A biflavonoid isolated from the seeds of Garcinia kola that has been shown to exhibit hepatoprotective activity.		3.07304'-methoxyflavanones;
biflavonoid;
dihydroflavonols;
ring assembly;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		2.9740morpholines
disopyramide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		4.96110methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		7.0710oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
lactitol
lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.		2.0710glycosyl alditolcathartic;
excipient;
laxative
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
methyl 5-aminolevulinate
methyl 5-aminolevulinate: esterified form of aminolevulinic acid used as PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY. methyl 5-aminolevulinate : The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.		2.0510delta-amino acid esterantineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug
isradipine, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		2.7430biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.6120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
ammonium cyanide
[no description available]		1.9710
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		2.0710
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.05102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
benzo-tepa
benzo-tepa: structure		2.0410
tevenel
tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure		2.0410sulfonamide
fpl 52757
FPL 52757: FPL 52758 is Na salt of FPL 52757; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
tac 278
TAC 278: prodrug of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.0410
abanoquil
[no description available]		2.0410
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		4.0940amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.5820antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		5.83130dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.2310corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		3.2310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.7530biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(4r)-3-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.0410
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.5920
fpl 59257
FPL 59257: abolishes cough response & partly inhibits bronchoconstriction produced by leukotrienes C & D		2.0710
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		4.95110
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.7330piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
erlotinib
[no description available]		3.8730aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		1.9410divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
zeneca zd 6169
Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source		2.0710
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester: is an indirect measure of cell membrane integrity-are noninvasive and can be monitored conveniently directly in multiwell plates		2.1510
ketoprofen
[no description available]		2.0310
melagatran
[no description available]		2.7430azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
sibenadet
sibenadet: structure in first source		2.0710
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		2.4620aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
deflazacort
deflazacort: structure		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
hexestrol diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
latrepirdine
latrepirdine: structure		2.0710methylpyridines;
pyridoindole		geroprotector
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.9740acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tesaglitazar
tesaglitazar: structure in first source		2.7430
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.8830indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		4.4360furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.2310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		9.4560benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		2.7530
fosfluconazole
fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole		2.0410conazole antifungal drug;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		prodrug
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.8730benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.6120benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		9.2950(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		6.0741aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.6120N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606
traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520
demecolcine
Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.		2.8640alkaloid;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
erythritol
[no description available]		1.9510butane-1,2,3,4-tetrolantioxidant;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
cortisone
[no description available]		3.9614011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fludrocortisone acetate
fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		3.46112-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.8730acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7630organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
methenolone acetate
methenolone acetate: RN given refers to (5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #5015		1.9910steroid ester
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		4.1401-benzofurans
hydroxydione
5beta-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone : A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid formed from 11-deoxycorticosterone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.		1.941020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human xenobiotic metabolite
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.7430carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		4.255017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
indicine-n-oxide
indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R*,3S*),7abeta))-isomer; structure		2.0410
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		4.3130alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.7430isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.4720acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
menthofuran
menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.07101-benzofurans;
monoterpenoid		nematicide;
plant metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		2.0410
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
bortezomib
[no description available]		8.62134amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.871001,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
gant 61
GANT 61: a sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitor and Gli inhibitor; structure in first source. GANT61 : An aminal that is hexahydropyrimidine which is substituted on each nitrogen by a 2-(dimethylamino)benzyl group, and at the aminal carbon by a pyridin-4-yl group. A Hedgehog signaling pathway and Gli protein inhibitor.		2.2110aminal;
dialkylarylamine;
pyridines;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor
carboplatin
[no description available]		11.71285
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		8.0550
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		2.8740peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		2.1110oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.7530D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.5820heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		2.382011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
salicin
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic primary alcohol;
aryl beta-D-glucoside;
benzyl alcohols		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
puromycin
[no description available]		2.4620puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		11.572coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.0510bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
(+)-limonene
(4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.		2.4620limoneneplant metabolite
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		5.02120cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		4.6780alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.55701-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		4.460beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		3.360cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium
[no description available]		2.4620
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		4.86100L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.5820acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.04103alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.66802,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		3.1450
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		4.2650piperidines
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		4.0840L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.4520organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
nortriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic tricyclic compoundgeroprotector
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		2.9740aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
kanamycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620aminoglycoside sulfate saltantibacterial drug;
geroprotector
paromomycin sulfate
paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.4620
terconazole
terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.		2.02101-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.4320penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		4.5470acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
(S)-bicalutamide
(S)-bicalutamide : A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.		2.0710N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide
angustibalin
angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure		2.0410sesquiterpene lactone
carpaine
carpaine: papaya alkaloid; structure. carpaine : An alkaloid that forms a major component of the papaya leaves and has been shown to exhibit cardiovascular effects.		7.1310alkaloid;
macrodiolide		cardiovascular drug;
plant metabolite
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.0510piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		1.9810tripeptide
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.47201,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
chloramphenicol palmitate
chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer)		2.7430hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
calcium pantothenate
[no description available]		2.4620polymer
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.61203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		4.2650tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530anthracycline
halcinonide
Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.		2.0710organic molecular entitySMO receptor agonist
metrizamide
Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.		2.4620amino sugar
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.4420cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
amcinonide
amcinonide: structure		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
spiroketal		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone acetate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.4720organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.58201-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
acarbose
[no description available]		3.1450amino cyclitol;
glycoside
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.4620butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		5.68140retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		3.0440resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		6.18101retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr
cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.		2.4620microcystinbacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.420octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		12.684415macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		3.360dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		4.2650dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.7430benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.0510icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		11.23292-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.4520alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		4.4160
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.5370epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.86100macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
formycin
[no description available]		2.0410formycinantineoplastic agent
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.7530
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		1.9710prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		3.67100olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0410benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.5820homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		2.7430acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		2.0310aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
decitabine
[no description available]		9.511942'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668
Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive		2.4520
teniposide
[no description available]		4.6580aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		2.0410carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.4720anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		2.1310cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		2.9540cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		10.58374actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.74301,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		3.3570carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		21.0137894L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		2.7430fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		1.9710pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.2650nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0410kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		3.8630antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.5920flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		3.8630one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.0510organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.8630arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.4520organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol
[no description available]		2.0410alkylbenzene
idarubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620anthracycline
aceglatone
aceglatone: structure in Merck		2.0410organic molecular entity
sch 22219
alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		2.4620triterpenoid
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.4520
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
glycosides
[no description available]		2.1310
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		2.3820isomethyleugenol
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.4720stilbene
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0310chloroquine
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		1.9610flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
dextromethadone
D-methadone: an NMDA receptor antagonist analgesic that lacks opioid activity. dextromethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneNMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.0510olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		3.7830vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
s 1033
[no description available]		4.4130(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
amygdalin
(R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.		2.0410amygdalinantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
cholinophyllin
[no description available]		2.0210
mitobronitol
Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.		7.49171alcohol;
organobromine compound
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		3.821indolyl carboxylic acid
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		6.0281oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.0410
fludarabine
[no description available]		22.32544163purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		4.94110pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
ipratropium bromide anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0210
ipratropium
[no description available]		2.0710
methylatropine nitrate
[no description available]		2.0410
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.0510pyridines
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		2.0710chlorprothixene
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.2550ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		16.011591aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.3720pyrimidone
dexketoprofen
dexketoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is (S)-hydratropic acid substituted at position 3 on the phenyl ring by a benzoyl group. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, it is used to relieve short-term pain, such as muscular pain, dental pain and dysmenorrhoea.		2.0310benzophenones;
monocarboxylic acid		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		3.4920
crotamiton
[no description available]		2.0710
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.0810sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
ondansetron, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.4520N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.0710diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		4.2550N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.8630zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.8830aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		4.2750diarylmethane
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		7.3720nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.861001,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		2.4720diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		4.96110monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		3.1650capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0210
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.0740acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.1550isoquinolines
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		9.623732-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4620hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		1.9610one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		2.4620thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.5620dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		5.23150cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
6-thioguanosine
6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410purine nucleoside
streptozocin
[no description available]		4.6680
tamoxifen
[no description available]		5.08130stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		4.5170pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
cancidas
[no description available]		3.5820
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source		2.110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		2.763011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
scopolamine
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy carboxylic acid
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.8530carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.4720cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.6730barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.051017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		4.140C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.5920
thiocarlide
thiocarlide: major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent		2.0410thioureas
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.7690
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.8830tropane alkaloid
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		3.8730aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.0510cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.8730beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ether
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		3.4620alkali metal atom
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
dezocine
dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.		2.0210phenols;
primary amino compound		opioid analgesic
dapiprazole
[no description available]		2.0210N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
miotic;
ophthalmology drug
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		2.1310
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
dolasetron
[no description available]		3.5820indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.4520hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
mannomustine
Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.		7.14171amino alcohol
almokalant
almokalant: structure given in first source		2.0710
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.9740steroidestrogen
glucametacin
glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure		2.0410
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		4.2850beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		7.16101cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
isepamicin
[no description available]		2.0410
ifetroban
ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative		2.0410benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
methenolone
Methenolone: A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action.		2.37203-hydroxy steroidandrogen
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0410N-acylglycine
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
vx-745
[no description available]		2.0710aryl sulfide;
dichlorobenzene;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidopyridazine		anti-inflammatory drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
deracoxib
SC 046: structure in first source. deracoxib : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, difluoromethyl and 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.		2.0710organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		9.79501,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
2-aminohippuric acid
[no description available]		2.0710N-acylglycine
tocainide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		2.0510aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin
telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.		2.0410glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		2.4110
olivomycins
Olivomycins: A mixture of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces (or Streptomyces) olivoreticuli. They are used as fluorescent dyes that bind to DNA and prevent both RNA and protein synthesis and are also used as antineoplastic agents.		3.1960
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
alatrofloxacin
alatrofloxacin: prodrug of trovafloxacin		2.0610
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		1.9710
rs-130830
RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor		2.0710
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		1.9510
ferrostatin-1
ferrostatin-1: inhibits ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death; structure in first source. ferrostatin-1 : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoic acid with ethanol. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, a distinct non-apoptotic form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. It is also a radical-trapping antioxidant and has the ability to reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxides and chain-carrying peroxyl radicals.		2.2510ethyl ester;
primary arylamine;
substituted aniline		antifungal agent;
antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radiation protective agent;
radical scavenger
17-ketosteroids
17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.		2.8640
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.5570triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor		2.0710benzamides;
benzodioxoles;
imidazoles;
pyridines		EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		4.961102-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		1.9710
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		2.4920sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		2.94407-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		12.47162biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.7530prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.3920monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		4.3860D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		2.6530
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.730carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
retinol palmitate
retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.		2.9940all-trans-retinyl ester;
retinyl palmitate		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		2.0410hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil
[no description available]		3.5280prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		4.3760hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.0510D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.8220disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		4.91110antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		3.360oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		4.769011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		9.3660
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.6680dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		10.04120aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.5820isoquinolines
timolol maleate
(S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.		2.4620maleate saltanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.7630maleate saltanti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate
clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		2.4620fumarate saltanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
olopatadine
[no description available]		2.0210
methylergonovine maleate
[no description available]		2.4620ergoline alkaloidgeroprotector
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.8730carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
bw b1090u
[no description available]		2.0210isoquinolines
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		4.66802-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		4.0840hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.5320carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.4520alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
ellagic acid
[no description available]		8.811catechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		2.0510flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.4520homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide
17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.46203-hydroxy steroid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.4720quinolines
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0510ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
pheniramine maleate
Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution		2.0710organic molecular entity
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		2.4720amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.8430cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.7430enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		4.5470retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		2.4420
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.0810organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.5620prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.58201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		3.620N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.5920cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
zinostatin
Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.		1.9510
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.0810allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.		2.0510hydrochloridegeroprotector
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
betamethasone benzoate
[no description available]		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
homatropine
[no description available]		2.0710tropane alkaloid
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.110sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
codeine
[no description available]		4.460morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		5.18140homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
mitolactol
Mitolactol: Alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; used in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs.		2.3520alcohol;
organobromine compound
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
natamycin
[no description available]		2.4720antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		4.4260acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		7.894017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.0410morphinane alkaloid
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.0210sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.2310piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		3.3811aromatic amide;
indazoles
hydrocodone
Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.		2.0710morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		4.2550morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		6.16150pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		4.2550carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		3.360morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		4.7690morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		4.140organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		3.8730morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.4820phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.0310organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		14.27164antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		4.5470cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.4520dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
calcipotriene
[no description available]		2.0210cyclopropanes;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antipsoriatic;
drug allergen
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		9.9110morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
pactamycin
Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.		2.0410
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.4720
ar c67085mx
PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors		2.0710
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
anthramycin
[no description available]		2.0410
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.5920amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
cicaprost
cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer		2.0410monoterpenoid
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.5220heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone
Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		3.5820medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		2.432011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
halobetasol
halobetasol: used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.4520carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
lacidipine
[no description available]		2.0410cinnamate ester;
tert-butyl ester
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.4520isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
mdl 100907
Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.		2.0310
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.0410cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		4.460organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.4260phenylalanine derivative
rimexolone
[no description available]		2.021020-oxo steroid
sb 223412
SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710
vinorelbine
[no description available]		4.5370acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
irisquinone
irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.0410
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.7530
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		4.4160(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.0510olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		3.8730monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		2.420guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
romidepsin
depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.		2.0410cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.7690dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.4720ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
oxiconazole
oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
oxime O-ether		antiinfective agent
octylmethoxycinnamate
[no description available]		2.4620cinnamate ester
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		3.0510alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		3.0410metal atom;
pnictogen
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		5.9381metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		4.7690cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.0410morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		3.59206-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
gallium
Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.		1.9510boron group element atom
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		4.5470morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefodizime
cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.0410phenanthrenes
cefixime
[no description available]		4.86100cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.7690dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		4.0740benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		4.2550azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		4.86100dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		1.9410chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		4.1140styrenes
puerarin
[no description available]		7.8220C-glycosyl compound;
isoflavonoid
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.0810maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		4.460dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
vinblastine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.4520
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.8630
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.2310
beryllium
Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.		3.4420alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental beryllium;
metal allergen		adjuvant;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		3.3670cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
isophthalate
isophthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1110dicarboxylic acid dianion
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.6230monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
heroin
Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.		4.4740morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug
dextromethorphan hydrobromide
dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.		2.4620hydrate;
hydrobromide
indinavir sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.5570dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		4.0840amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		4.4603-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		4.65801,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.4260cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.5920
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.6580cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.2550dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		3.6120gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
tiotropium
tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.0710
cefetamet
cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.		2.9940cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.6120peptide
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.0510dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.4420dichlorobenzene
famotidine
[no description available]		4.861001,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
fenoterol
fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.4620hydrobromidebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine
3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine: a fluorescent probe		2.0210
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.0210cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.		2.2510hydroxycalciol;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
nutraceutical
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		4.25501,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.7690beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
nw 1029
Ralfinamide: Sodium Channel Blocker; structure in first source		2.0710
(R)-citalopram
(R)-citalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram.		2.03101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		2.0510biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.4520cephalosporin
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.0510acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.4520
ceftiofur
[no description available]		2.0410
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.5620carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		5.2631azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		2.7430amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
enclomiphene citrate
[no description available]		2.0510
diphenoxylate hydrochloride
diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.		2.4620hydrochlorideantidiarrhoeal drug
eniporide
eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source		2.0410
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
cilastatin
[no description available]		2.7330carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
ergonovine maleate
ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		2.4620maleate saltdiagnostic agent;
oxytocic
sibiromycin
[no description available]		2.0410aminoglycoside antibiotic;
hemiaminal;
phenols;
pyrrolobenzodiazepine		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
ici d1542
ICI D1542: redirects arachidonic acid metabolism; an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase and of thromboxane receptors		2.0710
everolimus
[no description available]		3.9130cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
4-oxo-2-nonenal
4-oxo-2-nonenal: reacts with 2'-deoxyguanosine; a product of lipid peroxidation; structure in first source. (E)-4-oxonon-2-enal : The enal that is (E)-non-2-enal substituted with an oxo group at C-4.		3.1610enal;
enone		human metabolite
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
gavestinel
[no description available]		2.0710
dirithromycin
[no description available]		2.0210macrolide antibioticprodrug
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.0410
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.4520carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		4.2450cephalosporinantibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		4.2650ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam
carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.		2.0410monobactamantibacterial drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.0810
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		2.7530
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		6.75200imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.0510nitrofuran antibiotic
butylscopolammonium bromide
Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.		2.0410
eritoran
eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.		2.0410lipid As
dantrolene
[no description available]		4.4160
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.4720roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.6120cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
fumagillin
[no description available]		2.0410antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.0810
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.4620artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
tipredane
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.0510enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		2.5520furonaphthodioxole
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		2.0410diarylmethane
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
perfosfamide
[no description available]		6.0991
napsagatran
napsagatran: structure given in first source		2.0410
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.8730macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.8630(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		4.140diarylmethane
bms188797
[no description available]		2.0410
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.5920substituted aniline
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.0810amino acid amide
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
panobinostat
Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.		2.5820cinnamamides;
hydroxamic acid;
methylindole;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
bentiromide
bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.		2.0710dipeptidediagnostic agent;
indicator;
reagent
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.0510O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.0610biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.4620
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		2.0410imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.86301,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.6120benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fosinopril
[no description available]		3.8530
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
utibapril
utibapril: structure given in first source; prodrug for FPL 63547 diacid		2.0710
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
tomopenem
[no description available]		2.4520
norfenfluramine
Dexnorfenfluramine: D-isomer of Norfenfluramine		2.0310amphetamines
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		3.2310oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether
zd 9379
ZD 9379: structure given in first source		2.0710
ly 450139
[no description available]		2.0710peptide
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		2.0510bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
bb-83698
BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor		2.0410
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		3.5920organic molecular entity
cangrelor
cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.		2.0710adenosine 5'-phosphate;
aryl sulfide;
nucleoside triphosphate analogue;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		3.520aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
sch 527123
[no description available]		2.0710
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.0810aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		2.0410lactam;
macrolide
treosulfan
treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer		18.6526663methanesulfonate ester
molindone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620indoles
mart-1 antigen
MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.		3.4411
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		3.4470
bn 52020
[no description available]		2.4520
hki 272
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
nkp 608
[no description available]		2.0410
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0810N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
linaprazan
linaprazan: structure in first source		2.0710
ganu
GANU: differs from chlorozotocin by placement of cytotoxic group on C-1 of the glucose ring; less myelosuppressive than chlorozotocin; structure		2.0410
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		4.1140aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
lecozotan
lecozotan: structure in first source		2.0710
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
ar c155858
AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
homatropine methylbromide
homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer		2.0710
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		2.0210
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
baci-im
[no description available]		4.2650homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		1.9310D-ribose;
ribopyranose
metamelfalan
[no description available]		2.0410
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one
[no description available]		2.0710methoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		4.0140nystatins
pirarubicin
[no description available]		2.0610anthracycline
cytidine diphosphate choline
[no description available]		2.4620nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.5720acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.7430
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		7.39371
diflucortolone
Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
veliparib
[no description available]		7.2110benzimidazolesEC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		4.0840
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.0810imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		2.3420
podophyllin
Podophyllin: Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses.		3.7330
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
enerbol
Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)		1.9310
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose
[no description available]		2.0410
ro 6-4563
glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion		2.0410monoterpenoid
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.6530
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		7.3520organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720
clindamycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620S-glycosyl compound
bisaramil
[no description available]		2.0410
cosyntropin
Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.		1.9910
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		1.9510
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.6120polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
teicoplanin
teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.		2.4520
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		1.9810peptide hormone
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
ly-146032
[no description available]		4.0840heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin
[no description available]		2.0410carbohydrate acid derivative;
glycopeptide;
monosaccharide derivative;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
quinine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.41201,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
azd 7545
AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor. AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).		2.0710benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary carboxamide		EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		210
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
flucloronide
flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
cefotiam hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
chitosan
[no description available]		2.6320
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		4.7290organosulfonic acid
potassium aminobenzoate
[no description available]		2.4620
ampicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.4820potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefamandole nafate
[no description available]		2.0210organic sodium saltantibacterial drug;
prodrug
cytomel
liothyronine sodium : The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma.		2.0710organic sodium salt
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.2310
methicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
nafcillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
penicillin g sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate
cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.		2.4620organic sodium saltantibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
cephapirin sodium
cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.		2.4620cephalosporin;
organic sodium salt		antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.0810organic sodium salt
dicloxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		3.4111
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.7630organic sodium salt
olaparib
[no description available]		7.5920cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
asta z 7557
Asta Z 7557: metabolite of cyclophosphamide		1.9910
trelstar
Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.		2.0510
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.5820oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
hainanolide
hainanolide: from bark of Cephalotaxux hainensis		2.0410
incb-018424
[no description available]		6.6251nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
gliocladic acid
gliocladic acid: from Gliocladium virens, Chaetomium globosum & Trichoderma viride; structure given in first source		2.0410p-menthane monoterpenoid
a 967079
A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source		2.0710
pht 427
4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.0710
bryostatin 1
bryostatin 1: a protein kinase C activator; macrocyclic lactone from marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina; RN given refers to (1S*-(1R*,3R*,5Z,7S*,8E,11R*,12R*(2E,4E),13E,15R*,17S*(S*),21S*,23S*,25R*))-isomer; structure given in first source; activates protein kinase c. bryostatin 1 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.		2.0210
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.1110
cleistanthin
cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.		2.0410cleistanthins;
xylose derivative		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
abt-199
venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source.. venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.		6.7852aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
oxanes;
pyrrolopyridine		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
nimorazole
[no description available]		2.0410
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		2.3620
leukotoxin
leukotoxin: do not confuse with leukotoxin which is 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate		2.0610
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		5.8971ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		2.9740carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		5.28160
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		2.9640
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		4.5470
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		4.86100
methacycline
Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.		2.0310
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.2110monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.4720hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		4.7690benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.7530aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.7530C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
meclocycline
[no description available]		2.0210
bactobolin
bactobolin: from Pseudomonas sp. BN-183; has MF C14-H20-Cl2-N2-O6; RN given refers to parent cpd(R*)-isomer		2.0410amino acid amide
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.55701,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		3.4470heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		3.3160benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		7.15161benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.8530
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		3.8930sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride
Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil		2.4620
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.4520
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.0510
methacycline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7630
demeclocycline hydrochloride
demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		2.4620
tigecycline
[no description available]		4.0840
(S)-warfarin
(S)-warfarin : A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).		2.03104-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.4720heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		2.0710
kaolinite
Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.		1.9410aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.5720
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.0510
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		2.3620
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		2.3620
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		2.3420
duramycin
duramycin: from Streptomyces cinnamoneus; contains rare amino acids such as lanthionine & lysinoarginine. lancovutide : A 19-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide that is isolated from Streptoverticillium cinnamoneus. It exhibits antiproliferative properties and induces apoptosis in tumour cells and has been used for treatment of cystic fibrosis.		2.2510heterodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
lewis x antigen
Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.		2.4420
epoetin alfa
Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.		1.9410
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		4.91120
norgestrel
Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.		1.9710
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		14.259322
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		2.0210
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		210
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		3.0650
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		3.260
chromomycins
Chromomycins: A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.. chromomycin : A family of antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces griseus.		1.9510
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		1.9610
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.87302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		5.161402-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.520purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanine
[no description available]		7.46202-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		2.3520guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		2.0510inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		4.8100folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
neopterin
[no description available]		1.9810
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		5.23150cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		5.24150benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		6.81181dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		5.03120purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		5.181402-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		3.8730L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.5470piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		4.4260benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		3.14502-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.0510pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.7630N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		4.2550imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		7.47231nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		2.6530nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		4.0940tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.4160formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.6120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
alanosine
[no description available]		2.4520
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		6.0980imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		4.0840carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		4.6940N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
7-deazaguanosine
7-deazaguanosine: structure given in first source		2.0410
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.4520aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.0810citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		4.2750(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
pyrazofurin
pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		2.0410C-glycosyl compound;
pyrazoles		antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.86100
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		2.4110
n(10)-methylfolate
[no description available]		2.0410folic acids
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		1.9710nitroso compoundalkylating agent
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
amg531
[no description available]		2.5220
ninopterin
ninopterin: structure		2.0410
carbadox
Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)		2.0710quinoxaline derivative
alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone
alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone: structure given in first source		2.0710
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
defibrotide
defibrotide: Single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide extracted from mammalian organs and used in the treatment of HEPATIC VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE in patients with kidney or lung abnormalities following HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION		2.7630
fenobam
fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate		2.0710ureas
eye
[no description available]		3.4920
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		2.0510
dinitrobenzenes
Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.		1.9910
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		10.86383
pkh 26
PKH 26: no further information available 8/91		2.610
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		08.05203
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		08.05203
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		011.71338
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		011.71338
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		05.9291
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		010.9291
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.0610
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.0610
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		112.354211
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		015.8618524
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		120.4837048
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		08.87182
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		110.87182
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		05.8691
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		05.8691
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		08.71970
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		023.82824198
ATLL
[description not available]		02.3110
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		130.82824198
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		02.3110
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		018.7822777
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		021.07445114
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		120.7822777
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		125.81890228
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		05.3341
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		018.7520482
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		020.5548343
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		015.5910632
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		122.5548343
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		123.48408164
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		013.245920
Recrudescence
[description not available]		019.24271100
Azoospermia
A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).		04.65230
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		015.2911133
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		03.5930
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		03.5930
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		117.2911133
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		08.62420
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		08.62420
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema
[description not available]		02.4110
Hand-Foot Syndrome
Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.		02.4110
Muscle Pain
[description not available]		02.3110
Myalgia
Painful sensation in the muscles.		02.3110
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		012.386811
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		014.899628
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		114.386811
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		116.899628
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial
[description not available]		04.97120
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic
A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.		04.97120
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		011.29316
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.		114.331148
Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		05.9581
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile
A leukemia affecting young children characterized by SPLENOMEGALY, enlarged lymph nodes, rashes, and hemorrhages. Traditionally classed as a myeloproliferative disease, it is now considered a mixed myeloproliferative-mylelodysplastic disorder.		17.9581
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		09.8980
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)		08.0640
EBV Infections
[description not available]		05.0791
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		05.0791
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		011.21586
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		04.140
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		04.140
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		017.6713061
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		119.6713061
Anemia, Cooley's
[description not available]		010.314514
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.		117.314514
Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease
[description not available]		015.613428
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease
Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.		015.613428
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		010.77215
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		08.56192
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		110.56192
Aldrich Syndrome
[description not available]		03.81110
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.		15.81110
Hypospermatogenesis
[description not available]		010.93110
Congenital Lipomatosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.4110
Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
An inherited syndrome characterized by EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; hematologic abnormalities (e.g., bone marrow hypoplasia), and skeletal abnormalities (e.g., metaphyseal chondroplasia). GERMLINE MUTATIONS in the SBDS gene are associated with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome.		02.4110
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		014.6211322
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		116.6211322
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		011.963011
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		113.963011
Ewing Sarcoma
[description not available]		011.993212
Sarcoma, Ewing
A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.		113.993212
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		010.11266
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		07.99303
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		112.11266
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		011.282910
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		011.282910
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		018.6719445
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		05.3372
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		05.3372
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia
[description not available]		014.1413210
Primary Myelofibrosis
A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.		118.7426420
Thalassemias
[description not available]		08.86475
Thalassemia
A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.		110.86475
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		012.88369
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		012.88369
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease
[description not available]		013.252912
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.		115.252912
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		09.18263
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		014.18263
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		03.3570
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.3570
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome
[description not available]		09.54225
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).		111.54225
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		02.4110
Lymphoma, T Cell, Peripheral
[description not available]		02.8130
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral
A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment.		02.8130
Congenital Immunodeficiency Disease
[description not available]		05.8261
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Genetic immunologic deficiency diseases and syndromes due to mutations in genes involved in IMMUNITY generally characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. They are often associated with AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE manifestations.		010.8261
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		08.7114
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome
This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.		02.420
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
[description not available]		06.44270
Turner Syndrome
A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.		02.420
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.		06.44270
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		012.253710
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		114.253710
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		05.3560
Mucopolysaccharidosis
[description not available]		010.6280
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.		05.6280
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		05.3560
Adenopathy
[description not available]		02.4110
Orchitis
Inflammation of a TESTIS. It has many features of EPIDIDYMITIS, such as swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.		08.5210
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		05.8864
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		05.8864
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		05.8864
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		05.8864
Anemia, Congenital Hypoplastic, Of Blackfan And Diamond
[description not available]		03.660
Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan
A rare congenital hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. The disease is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, occasional neutropenia or thrombocytosis, a normocellular bone marrow with erythroid hypoplasia, and an increased risk of developing leukemia. (Curr Opin Hematol 2000 Mar;7(2):85-94)		03.660
Astheno Teratozoospermia
[description not available]		05.4740
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		02.7630
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		02.7630
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		015.9311323
Leukemia, Smoldering
[description not available]		06.73122
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts
Chronic refractory anemia with granulocytopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. Myeloblasts and progranulocytes constitute 5 to 40 percent of the nucleated marrow cells.		18.73122
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		015.9311323
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		03.6130
Leukemia, Megakaryocytic
[description not available]		04.0450
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		03.6130
Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. MYELOFIBROSIS or increased bone marrow RETICULIN is common.		16.0450
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		09.78415
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		09.78415
Clostridioides difficile Infection
[description not available]		02.610
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		02.5920
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.		02.610
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		02.5920
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		03.9911
HbS Disease
[description not available]		08.58254
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		110.58254
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.420
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.420
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.		03.1150
Leukocytosis
A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.		06.09220
Erythremia
[description not available]		013.911598
Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		016.62856
Blood Clot
[description not available]		010.79314
Polycythemia Vera
A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.		013.911598
Thrombocythemia, Essential
A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.		011.62856
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		010.79314
Bleeding
[description not available]		011.55495
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		010.01334
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		011.55495
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		03.1410
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		03.1410
Menopause, Premature
The premature cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) when the last menstrual period occurs in a woman under the age of 40. It is due to the depletion of OVARIAN FOLLICLES. Premature MENOPAUSE can be caused by diseases; OVARIECTOMY; RADIATION; chemicals; and chromosomal abnormalities.		02.4320
Bone Marrow Failure
[description not available]		03.1410
Bone Marrow Failure Disorders
Inherited or acquired diseases characterized by insufficient and/or dysplastic blood cells.		03.1410
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		02.2110
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.5220
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		02.5220
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		02.2110
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		012.01995
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		012.01995
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		05.7271
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		17.7271
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		012.541591
Pyrexia
[description not available]		04.9891
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		04.9891
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.7630
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic
A systemic, large-cell, non-Hodgkin, malignant lymphoma characterized by cells with pleomorphic appearance and expressing the CD30 ANTIGEN. These so-called hallmark cells have lobulated and indented nuclei. This lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS.		02.7630
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		014.462915
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		07.99166
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		116.462915
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		07.99166
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		05.18110
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		02.3920
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		02.5220
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		04.6461
Familial Precocious Puberty
[description not available]		04.0221
Adverse Effects, Long Term
[description not available]		02.5820
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		05.18110
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell
A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.		14.2510
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		02.3920
Hypogonadism
Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).		02.5220
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		04.6461
Puberty, Precocious
Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.		04.0221
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		05.0352
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		111.37472
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		04.6261
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		03.150
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.7230
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		02.7230
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked
[description not available]		03.0650
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		04.7871
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		04.7871
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		07.2582
Febrile Neutropenia
Fever accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of NEUTROPHILS.		03.9521
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.2510
Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		04.5251
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic
A myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocytosis, increased monocytes in the bone marrow, variable degrees of dysplasia, but an absence of immature granulocytes in the blood.		16.5251
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		04.3241
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		09.3241
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		08.3192
Fibrosis, Radiation
[description not available]		03.3620
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		09.95333
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		09.95333
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		08.3192
Radiation Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.		03.3620
Albinism, Cutaneous
[description not available]		02.2510
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		014.910421
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		014.910421
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		02.6630
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		010.31483
Infection
[description not available]		014.64698
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		014.64698
Nevoxanthoendothelioma
[description not available]		02.2510
Delayed Puberty
[description not available]		010.0860
Diathesis
[description not available]		05.7171
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		012.9488
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		114.9488
alpha-L-Iduronidase Deficiency
[description not available]		05.6292
Mucopolysaccharidosis I
Systemic lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDURONIDASE) and characterized by progressive physical deterioration with urinary excretion of DERMATAN SULFATE and HEPARAN SULFATE. There are three recognized phenotypes representing a spectrum of clinical severity from severe to mild: Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome and Scheie syndrome (formerly mucopolysaccharidosis V). Symptoms may include DWARFISM; hepatosplenomegaly; thick, coarse facial features with low nasal bridge; corneal clouding; cardiac complications; and noisy breathing.		05.6292
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		013.38300
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		05.5692
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		02.5820
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		07.5820
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
A form of phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by unusual oculocutaneous albinism, high incidence of lymphoreticular neoplasms, and recurrent pyogenic infections. In many cell types, abnormal lysosomes are present leading to defective pigment distribution and abnormal neutrophil functions. The disease is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance and a similar disorder occurs in the beige mouse, the Aleutian mink, and albino Hereford cattle.		07.4820
Choroid Neoplasms
Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).		04.1231
Uveal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.		07.12128
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9440
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		02.9440
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		08.83251
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		08.1594
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		08.1594
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		010.944912
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		112.944912
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.3920
Chicken Pox
[description not available]		02.420
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		02.3110
Genital Herpes
[description not available]		02.3110
Dermatoses
[description not available]		03.76110
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		02.3110
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3920
Chickenpox
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.420
Herpes Genitalis
Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.		02.3110
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		03.76110
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		02.3110
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.3110
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.3110
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.3110
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.3110
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		08.67153
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		08.67153
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell
[description not available]		02.5420
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.		02.5420
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		05.771
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		05.771
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		04.4651
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		04.4651
Opportunistic Infections
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.		05.4151
Duncan Disease
[description not available]		07.07102
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.		07.07102
Abdominal Cryptorchidism
[description not available]		04.69110
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		018.6935753
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		120.6935753
Anemia, Sideroblastic
Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.		03.3770
Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		014.09621
Chromosomal Triplication
[description not available]		04.0250
Bartholin-Patau Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1710
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		02.1510
Brill-Symmers Disease
[description not available]		03.3920
Lymphoma, Follicular
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.		16.3740
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		03.0610
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		09.01142
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		09.01142
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		011.4391
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		03.0610
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex
[description not available]		02.1710
AIDS Dementia Complex
A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)		02.1710
Venous Insufficiency
Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.		04.4811
Emberger Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1710
Albers-Schoenberg Disease
[description not available]		03.3260
Osteopetrosis
Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).		15.3260
Metastase
[description not available]		010.192310
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		010.192310
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		08.84311
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		08.84311
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis
[description not available]		0340
Adrenoleukodystrophy
An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).		11040
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		010.423213
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		114.396426
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.1710
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.1710
Gastric Stasis
[description not available]		02.1710
Emesis
[description not available]		06.02103
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		05.262
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		06.02103
Gastroparesis
Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.		02.1710
Thrombotic Microangiopathies
Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; and HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME. Multiple etiological factors include VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL damage due to SHIGA TOXIN; FACTOR H deficiency; and aberrant VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR formation.		03.8921
HIGM2 Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2110
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		018.9270049
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		018.9270049
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		010.91433
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		010.91433
Digestive System Disorders
[description not available]		03.8821
Digestive System Diseases
Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).		03.8821
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		010.9452
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		010.9452
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		04.7771
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		04.7771
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.0850
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		03.0850
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.		011.99181
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		05.6873
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		010.6873
Combined Immunodeficiency, X-Linked
[description not available]		09.92109
X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases
Forms of combined immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene for INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT. Both severe and non-severe subtypes of the disease have been identified.		113.92018
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.6930
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		02.6930
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.8880
Erythrocytosis
[description not available]		07.38450
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		04.8950
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		04.8950
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4
[description not available]		05.5692
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute
A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.		17.5692
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		05.17190
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		17.17190
Bronchiolitis, Exudative
[description not available]		05.5861
Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.		05.5861
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		07.0810
Antral Vascular Ectasia
[description not available]		07.4420
Del Castillo Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4920
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		03.68100
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		15.68100
Abdominal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.		03.8721
Thoracic Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.		03.7621
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		04.7270
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		04.7270
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		02.3820
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		02.3820
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		05.390
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		05.390
Co-infection
[description not available]		02.110
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		02.730
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.110
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		02.730
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		14.110
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		02.520
Angle's Classification
[description not available]		02.4420
Abnormalities, Teeth
[description not available]		02.4420
Malocclusion
Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)		02.4420
Adenovirus Infections
[description not available]		03.8540
Infections, Roseolovirus
[description not available]		02.5220
Adenoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.		03.8540
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.8381
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		06.66112
Benign Infratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.110
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		06.66112
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		02.110
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		08.18241
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		08.18241
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		06.8293
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.8740
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.8740
Aura
[description not available]		02.9240
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		02.9240
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.2560
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.2560
Blast Phase
[description not available]		011.31319
Blast Crisis
An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.		113.31319
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		09.21271
Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia
[description not available]		04.821
Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute
An acute leukemia exhibiting cell features characteristic of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and probably arising from MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS.		04.821
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
A familial coagulation disorder characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, unusually large platelets, and impaired prothrombin consumption.		07.110
Polyomavirus Infections
Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).		03.8840
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		03.8140
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		03.8140
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		06.11170
Cancer of the Retina
[description not available]		02.1110
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.4220
Retinoblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)		14.4220
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		03.420
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		03.420
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		04.7670
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		04.7670
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		012.393118
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		04.6921
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		04.6921
Conductive Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.1110
Chloasma
[description not available]		02.8740
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		02.7230
Ecchymosis
Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia.		02.1110
Melanosis
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.		02.8740
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		02.7230
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		02.4620
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		07.1882
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		19.1882
Cockayne-Touraine Disease
[description not available]		02.1110
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica
Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by atrophy of blistered areas, severe scarring, and nail changes. It is most often present at birth or in early infancy and occurs in both autosomal dominant and recessive forms. All forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa result from mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE VII, a major component fibrils of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPIDERMIS.		02.1110
Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
[description not available]		08.2585
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive
A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)		08.2585
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		02.1110
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		02.1110
Genetic Diseases
[description not available]		05.18111
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.		17.18111
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		05.451
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		010.451
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		09.36462
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		02.1110
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		02.1110
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.1110
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		02.1110
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		02.1110
Neuroretinitis
[description not available]		02.4120
Retinitis
Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).		02.4120
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		03.3920
Gaucher Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.		15.3920
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome
[description not available]		05.71112
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.		05.71112
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		05.4382
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		05.4382
Hemoglobinopathies
A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.		14.7430
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		04.2640
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		04.2640
Chemically-Induced Disorders
Disorders caused by the intentional or unintentional ingestion or exposure to chemical substances such as PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; NOXAE; and PESTICIDES.		02.1310
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		07.9574
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		012.9574
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		03.0410
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.0410
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		03.0410
B-Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		02.4720
Ph 1 Chromosome
[description not available]		09.37365
Classic Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
[description not available]		02.7230
Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of GALACTOSYLCERAMIDASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of galactolipids such as GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES and PSYCHOSINE. It is characterized by demyelination associated with large multinucleated globoid cells, predominantly involving the white matter of the central nervous system. The loss of MYELIN disrupts normal conduction of nerve impulses.		14.7230
Exanthem
[description not available]		02.420
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		02.420
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.5320
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		05.7681
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		05.7681
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		03.2920
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		04.2941
Congenital Familial Lymphedema
[description not available]		02.1510
Lymphedema
Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.		02.1510
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid
A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)		02.0510
Submandibular Gland Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND.		02.0510
Mycosis Fungoides
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.		03.0650
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		08.69115
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		115.69115
Adrenoleukodystrophy, Autosomal Neonatal Form
[description not available]		02.0410
Lysosomal Enzyme Disorders
[description not available]		04.341
Peroxisomal Disorders
A heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders marked by absent or dysfunctional PEROXISOMES. Peroxisomal enzymatic abnormalities may be single or multiple. Biosynthetic peroxisomal pathways are compromised, including the ability to synthesize ether lipids and to oxidize long-chain fatty acid precursors. Diseases in this category include ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; rhizomelic chondrodysplasia (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC); hyperpipecolic acidemia; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy; and ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (X-linked). Neurologic dysfunction is a prominent feature of most peroxisomal disorders.		02.0410
Aspergilloses, Bronchopulmonary
[description not available]		02.0510
Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		02.0510
Amaurosis
[description not available]		02.0510
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		02.0510
Deficiency Syndrome, Leukocyte-Adhesion
[description not available]		02.7330
Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome
Rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the beta 2 integrin receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION) comprising the CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins. The syndrome is characterized by abnormal adhesion-dependent functions, especially defective tissue emigration of neutrophils, leading to recurrent infection.		02.7330
Blastocyst Disintegration
[description not available]		02.0510
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		04.6240
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		06.3382
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		04.6240
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		06.3382
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		02.0510
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		02.0510
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic, Stable Phase
[description not available]		09.4238
Aspergillus Infection
[description not available]		010.05149
Aspergillosis
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		010.05149
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		010.291510
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		010.291510
Arthus Phenomenon
[description not available]		02.9710
Anasarca
[description not available]		03.7940
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		03.7940
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		04.72310
Body Weight, Fetal
[description not available]		02.4520
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		05.53120
Fetal Resorption
The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).		02.0510
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		06.68400
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		03.150
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.0510
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		02.0510
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		02.0510
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		02.0510
Erythrohepatic Protoporphyria
[description not available]		02.0610
Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic
An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of FERROCHELATASE (heme synthetase) in both the LIVER and the BONE MARROW, the last enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include mainly neurological symptoms, rarely cutaneous lesions, and elevated levels of protoporphyrin and COPROPORPHYRINS in the feces.		02.0610
Spinal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.		02.3820
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		07.87740
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		07.87740
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		04.1560
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		04.1560
Neoplasms, Bone Marrow
[description not available]		04.0931
Bone Marrow Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.		04.0931
CACH Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0610
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		02.6430
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		02.6430
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.9810
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		02.9810
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		02.9810
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		02.9810
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.6630
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.3720
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.6630
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		02.0610
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		02.0610
Asialia
[description not available]		02.0610
Xerostomia
Decreased salivary flow.		07.0610
Allodynia
[description not available]		02.0610
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated
[description not available]		07.7353
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).		19.7353
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		02.4120
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		02.4120
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		03.2260
HIGM1
[description not available]		02.0610
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		03.2260
Addison's Disease
[description not available]		03.0650
Addison Disease
An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.		03.0650
Neoplasms, Vascular
[description not available]		02.0610
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.0610
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.8940
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.8940
Bacteremia, Hemorrhagic
[description not available]		02.0710
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		03.3420
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		03.3420
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		02.0710
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0710
Clasp-Knife Spasticity
[description not available]		02.0710
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)		02.0710
Muscle Spasticity
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)		02.0710
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		03.4611
Lassitude
[description not available]		03.4611
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		07.37275
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		03.4611
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		03.4611
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		07.37275
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		08.6996
Cancer of Mediastinum
[description not available]		02.6630
Mediastinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.		02.6630
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		03.4880
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		03.4880
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		04.4951
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		03.4711
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		04.4951
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.		03.4711
Dysembryoma
[description not available]		03.0650
Teratoma
A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)		03.0650
Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0810
Ataxia Telangiectasia
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).		02.0810
Buckley Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9910
Job Syndrome
Primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent infections and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Most cases are sporadic. Of the rare familial forms, the dominantly inherited subtype has additional connective tissue, dental and skeletal involvement that the recessive type does not share.		02.9910
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		0531
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		03.5930
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		05.77122
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms, Primary
[description not available]		07.6454
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		010.77122
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms
Benign or malignant tumors which arise from the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain. Papillomas (see PAPILLOMA, CHOROID PLEXUS) and carcinomas are the most common histologic subtypes, and tend to seed throughout the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces. Clinical features include headaches, ataxia and alterations of consciousness, primarily resulting from associated HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2072; J Neurosurg 1998 Mar;88(3):521-8)		07.6454
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by mesenchymal and epithelial neoplasms at multiple sites. MUTATION of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, a component of the DNA DAMAGE response pathway, apparently predisposes family members who inherit it to develop certain cancers. The spectrum of cancers in the syndrome was shown to include, in addition to BREAST CANCER and soft tissue sarcomas (SARCOMA); BRAIN TUMORS; OSTEOSARCOMA; LEUKEMIA; and ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA.		02.0810
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		04.2770
Chondrosteoma
[description not available]		02.4420
Altered Level of Consciousness
[description not available]		02.0110
Infarct
[description not available]		03.3220
Mitral Stenosis
[description not available]		02.0110
Endocarditis, Loeffler
[description not available]		02.6430
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.		02.0110
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs.		02.6430
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.9210
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		03.3220
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		04.7270
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		02.9210
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		03.3220
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		04.7270
Pleural Effusion, Malignant
Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.		02.9210
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		07.0262
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		07.0262
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		04.0831
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		04.0831
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		02.0110
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		02.0110
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		02.0110
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		02.0110
Christmas Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Hemophilia B
A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)		02.0110
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.6630
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		06.96250
Milk-Alkali Syndrome
[description not available]		02.6630
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.		02.6630
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		05.1841
Infections, Salmonella
[description not available]		02.0110
Erythermalgia
[description not available]		05.8551
Erythromelalgia
A peripheral arterial disease that is characterized by the triad of ERYTHEMA, burning PAIN, and increased SKIN TEMPERATURE of the extremities (or red, painful extremities). Erythromelalgia may be classified as primary or idiopathic, familial or non-familial. Secondary erythromelalgia is associated with other diseases, the most common being MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.		05.8551
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		07.91183
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head
[description not available]		02.0110
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		012.91183
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		02.3720
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		02.3720
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma
[description not available]		02.4120
Pinealoma
Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)		02.4120
alpha Mannosidase B Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0110
alpha-Mannosidosis
An inborn error of metabolism marked by a defect in the lysosomal isoform of ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE activity that results in lysosomal accumulation of mannose-rich intermediate metabolites. Virtually all patients have psychomotor retardation, facial coarsening, and some degree of dysostosis multiplex. It is thought to be an autosomal recessive disorder.		02.0110
Actinomyces Infections
[description not available]		02.0110
Esophageal Diseases
Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.		02.0110
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		06.45320
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		05.21120
Albinism, Tyrosinase-Negative
[description not available]		01.9310
Albinism, Oculocutaneous
Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative types.		01.9310
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		05.28131
Anemia, Leukoerythroblastic
[description not available]		02.6430
Cystic Angiomatosis Of Bone, Diffuse
[description not available]		01.9310
Fibromatosis
[description not available]		01.9310
Fibroma
A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.		01.9310
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		01.9310
Leukemoid Reaction
A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.1960
Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
[description not available]		06.2581
Carcinoma, Bronchial
[description not available]		05.7342
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.		05.7342
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		05.58180
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		09.99723
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		09.99723
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		03.0450
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		03.89130
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		03.89130
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		05.84170
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		03.82120
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		04.8480
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		03.64100
Delayed Postpartum Hemorrhage
[description not available]		01.9310
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).		01.9310
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		02.3520
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.3520
Thrombocytopathy
[description not available]		05.68200
Blood Platelet Disorders
Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.		05.68200
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		05.03100
Anemia, Splenic
[description not available]		01.9310
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		02.8540
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		05.03100
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		02.8540
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		03.0450
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		04.81130
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		01.9310
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		04.81130
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida
[description not available]		03.89130
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		05.8351
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		04.65110
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		04.65110
Fracture, Pathologic
[description not available]		01.9310
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		01.9310
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		02.3520
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9310
Asthenia
Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.		02.3420
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		02.3520
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		01.9310
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		010.221113
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		01.9310
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		01.9310
Priapism
A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.		02.8740
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		04.34210
Splenic Diseases
Diseases involving the SPLEEN.		02.3420
Hairy Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		03.9650
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		03.260
Leukemia, Hairy Cell
A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.		03.9650
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		01.9410
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.6430
Genito-urinary Cancer
[description not available]		03.2620
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		01.9410
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.6430
Urogenital Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.		03.2620
Central Diabetes Insipidus
[description not available]		01.9410
Diabetes Insipidus
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.		02.6530
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		01.9410
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic
A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).		01.9410
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia
[description not available]		03.0450
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.		03.0450
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		04.8130
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.3520
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		01.9410
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		01.9410
Porphyria
[description not available]		08.5530
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		03.5530
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.		08.2620
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.0550
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		02.3420
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		02.3420
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		03.5530
Cancer of the Tongue
[description not available]		01.9410
Maxillary Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.		01.9410
Cancer of Nose
[description not available]		01.9410
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus
[description not available]		01.9410
Mandibular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.		01.9410
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		03.0550
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		02.3420
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		02.3420
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		01.9410
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		03.5530
Tongue Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.		01.9410
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		03.260
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		03.260
Ache
[description not available]		02.3620
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.3620
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.3420
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.3420
Ovarian Diseases
Pathological processes of the OVARY.		02.8740
Leukocyte Disorders
Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.		02.3420
Abnormal Karyotype
A variation from the normal set of chromosomes characteristic of a species.		01.9410
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		01.9410
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		02.6330
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		01.9410
Hemorrhage, Retinal
[description not available]		02.3620
Eye Manifestations
Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.		02.6330
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.8540
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		14.8540
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9410
Adenitis
[description not available]		02.6330
Hemoglobinuria
The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.		02.3620
Anuria
Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.		02.6330
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		04.8480
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		16.8480
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		01.9410
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		01.9410
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		01.9410
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		01.9410
Arthropathies
[description not available]		01.9410
Chylopericardium
[description not available]		02.6430
Pleuropericarditis
Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.		03.7421
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		01.9410
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		01.9410
Pericardial Effusion
Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.		02.6430
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.		03.7421
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		01.9410
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum
[description not available]		02.3620
Facial Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.		01.9410
Neoplasms, Skull
[description not available]		01.9410
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		01.9410
Keratosis
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.		02.3620
Sarcoma 37
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		01.9410
Meniscitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Refractory Anemia
[description not available]		04.8342
Anemia, Refractory
A severe sometimes chronic anemia, usually macrocytic in type, that does not respond to ordinary antianemic therapy.		16.8342
Cancer of the Thymus
[description not available]		02.3720
Thymus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.		02.3720
Narcosis
A state of depressed CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM marked by stupor or insensibility.		01.9410
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		07.3420
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy
[description not available]		05.73210
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		01.9410
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		01.9410
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		01.9410
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.		01.9410
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		04.0431
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		01.9410
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.260
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		04.0431
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		01.9410
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		03.260
Anemia, Macrocytic
Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).		02.6330
Tooth Diseases
Diseases involving the TEETH.		01.9410
Disease
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.		01.9310
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		07.9183
Adrenal Cortex Diseases
Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.		01.9310
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		07.9183
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.6830
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.0110
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		02.0110
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		02.420
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.0110
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		02.0110
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		02.420
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		02.0110
Inguinal Hernia
[description not available]		02.0110
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.		02.0110
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		02.3720
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		05.14111
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		02.6730
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.0950
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		14.6730
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		03.0950
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.4120
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		02.4120
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.3720
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		02.3720
Immunoblastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		04.9931
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		03.840
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		04.4951
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		05.98101
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		04.4951
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		17.98101
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		03.2920
Leukemia, Plasmacytic
[description not available]		02.9310
Leukemia, Plasma Cell
A rare, aggressive variant of MULTIPLE MYELOMA characterized by the circulation of excessive PLASMA CELLS in the peripheral blood. It can be a primary manifestation of multiple myeloma or develop as a terminal complication during the disease.		14.9310
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.0210
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)		02.0210
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.4120
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary
[description not available]		03.8221
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.0210
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.4120
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.0210
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		02.4220
XYY Karyotype
Abnormal genetic constitution in males characterized by an extra Y chromosome.		02.0210
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.4111
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy
[description not available]		02.0210
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.		03.3120
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous
A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.		02.0210
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. The pale colored central scar represents large blood vessels with hyperplastic fibromuscular layer and narrowing lumen.		07.0210
Mucorales Infection
[description not available]		02.0210
Mucormycosis
Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.		02.0210
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.0210
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.4320
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)		02.4320
Myelopathy
[description not available]		07.6930
Spinal Cord Diseases
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.		02.6930
Erythroderma, Sezary
[description not available]		02.0210
Sezary Syndrome
A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative ERYTHRODERMA; PRURITUS; peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear (cerebriform) cells in the skin, LYMPH NODES, and peripheral blood (Sezary cells).		02.0210
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.0210
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		02.6730
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.0210
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		03.3570
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		03.4111
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		04.1360
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		04.1360
Hemosiderosis
Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.		02.6930
Cancer of Spleen
[description not available]		02.8840
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		07.7764
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		07.6354
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		08.4285
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		013.4285
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		07.7764
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		07.6354
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		02.420
Aplasia Pure Red Cell
[description not available]		02.4420
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure
Suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production.		02.4420
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		02.420
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		02.420
Gammapathy, Monoclonal
[description not available]		04.0530
Paraproteinemias
A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.		04.0530
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		04.341
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		02.0310
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.		04.2641
Microcephaly
A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)		02.0310
Microphthalmia
[description not available]		07.0310
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.0310
Hepatitis, Autoimmune
A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.		02.0310
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.3720
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.420
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion
[description not available]		02.0310
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.3720
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0310
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome
A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.		02.0310
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.420
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		02.0310
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		08.54372
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.6830
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.6830
Fungal Lung Diseases
[description not available]		02.6730
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		02.9140
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		02.9140
Congenital Limb Deformities
[description not available]		02.6930
Hyperdactyly
[description not available]		02.0310
Polysyndactyly
[description not available]		02.6730
Esophagitis
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.		02.9240
MODS
[description not available]		06.1162
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		06.1162
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		04.7121
AIDS-Associated Lymphoma
[description not available]		04.3411
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		16.7121
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related
B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation.		16.3411
Bacterial Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.0410
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		02.0410
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		02.0410
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		03.821
Pneumonia, Bacterial
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.		02.0410
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		04.9733
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
[description not available]		03.4311
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		04.9733
Oligodendroglioma
A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)		03.4311
Lichen Myxedematosus
[description not available]		02.0410
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Aggressive Phase
[description not available]		07.2893
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		03.0550
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar
[description not available]		03.5630
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar
A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.5630
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		03.7621
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		02.8740
Fibroma, Shope
[description not available]		02.6830
Mesonephroma
A rare tumor of the female genital tract, most often the ovary, formerly considered to be derived from mesonephric rests. Two varieties are recognized: (1) clear cell carcinoma, so called because of its histologic resemblance to renal cell carcinoma, and now considered to be of muellerian duct derivation and (2) an embryonal tumor (called also ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR and yolk sac tumor), occurring chiefly in children. The latter variety may also arise in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9610
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		15.7621
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		02.8740
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		05.3651
Anemia, Megaloblastic
A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.		03.2920
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		05.3651
Preleukemia
Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria.		04.4551
Shingles
[description not available]		03.2920
P carinii Pneumonia
[description not available]		05.12110
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.2920
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.		05.12110
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		02.8810
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		04.4550
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		04.4550
Endomyometritis
Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.		01.9610
Endometritis
Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.		01.9610
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		04.4451
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		04.4451
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		03.7940
Choked Disk
[description not available]		02.3620
Papilledema
Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)		02.3620
Alveolar Proteinoses, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.8840
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
A PULMONARY ALVEOLI-filling disease, characterized by dense phospholipoproteinaceous deposits in the alveoli, cough, and DYSPNEA. This disease is often related to, congenital or acquired, impaired processing of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS by alveolar macrophages, a process dependent on GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR.		02.8840
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		01.9610
Athetoid Movements
[description not available]		01.9610
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		01.9610
Spherocytosis, Hereditary
A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.		01.9610
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		03.4680
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.4680
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		03.2720
Uveitis, Anterior
Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.		01.9510
Cystic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Kidney Diseases, Cystic
A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).		01.9510
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.		02.3520
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		08.2160
Osteolysis
Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.		01.9610
Tuberculosis, Miliary
An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.		02.3620
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		01.9610
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		02.3520
Dysarthosis
[description not available]		01.9610
Aprosodia
[description not available]		01.9610
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		02.3520
Dysgammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.		01.9610
Transmissible Venereal Tumors
[description not available]		01.9510
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.3720
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.3720
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		02.3720
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9610
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		03.2720
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.6573
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		04.4551
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		04.4551
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		02.6430
Esophageal Stricture
[description not available]		02.6930
Esophageal Stenosis
A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.		02.6930
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9810
Dwarfism, Pituitary
A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.		01.9810
Empyema, Gall Bladder
[description not available]		01.9810
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.		01.9810
Gastritis, Familial Giant Hypertrophic
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced
Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.		04.2770
Angiosarcoma
[description not available]		03.2820
Hemangiosarcoma
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.2820
Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced
Congenital changes in the morphology of organs produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.		02.910
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		03.3711
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		02.420
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		01.9810
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		01.9810
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		01.9810
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		04.2741
Goldblatt Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
Renal Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		01.9810
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		04.2741
Hypertension, Renovascular
Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.		01.9810
Renal Artery Obstruction
Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).		01.9810
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		02.3820
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		02.3820
Leukemic Infiltration
A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site.		01.9910
Congenital Hand Deformities
[description not available]		02.3620
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis
[description not available]		01.9910
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9910
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		01.9910
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		02.3920
Day Blindness
[description not available]		02.6530
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		02.3920
Gangrene
Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.		03.9750
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		04.2840
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		02.910
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		02.910
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		04.2840
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		02.910
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		02.910
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		03.2820
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		03.2820
Brain Abscess
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)		01.9910
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		01.9910
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		02.3920
Amyotonia Congenita
[description not available]		01.9910
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		01.9910
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		02.3920
Neuromuscular Diseases
A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		01.9910
Hemorrhage, Gingival
[description not available]		01.9910
Gingival Hemorrhage
The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.		01.9910
Eye Abnormalities
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.		02.3620
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		01.9910
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		01.9910
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		08.391
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		08.391
BOOP
[description not available]		01.9910
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic
[description not available]		01.9910
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		01.9910
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		01.9910
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		03.3811
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		03.3811
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone
[description not available]		03.7921
Osteonecrosis
Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.		03.7921
Cancer of Penis
[description not available]		02.3820
Penile Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.		02.3820
Dizzyness
[description not available]		03.3811
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		04.0531
Pyrosis
[description not available]		03.3811
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		03.3811
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		04.0531
Heartburn
Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.		03.3811
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)		01.9910
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		07.3720
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		02.3720
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		03.2260
Abortion, Recurrent
[description not available]		01.9910
Abortion, Habitual
Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.		01.9910
Erysipelas
An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face.		0210
Drop Attack
[description not available]		0210
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		0210
Dyskeratosis Congenita, X-Linked
[description not available]		0210
Dyskeratosis Congenita
A predominantly X-linked recessive syndrome characterized by a triad of reticular skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and leukoplakia of mucous membranes. Oral and dental abnormalities may also be present. Complications are a predisposition to malignancy and bone marrow involvement with pancytopenia. (from Int J Paediatr Dent 2000 Dec;10(4):328-34) The X-linked form is also known as Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome and involves the gene which encodes a highly conserved protein called dyskerin.		0210
Neutrophilic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		02.9110
Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic
A rare myeloproliferative disorder that is characterized by a sustained, mature neutrophilic leukocytosis. No monocytosis, EOSINOPHILIA, or basophilia is present, nor is there a PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME or bcr-abl fusion gene (GENES, ABL).		02.9110
Niemann-Pick Disease
[description not available]		0210
Niemann-Pick Diseases
A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.		1410
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		05.13110
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		010.13110
Macroglossia
The presence of an excessively large tongue, which may be congenital or may develop as a result of a tumor or edema due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels, or it may occur in association with hyperpituitarism or acromegaly. It also may be associated with malocclusion because of pressure of the tongue on the teeth. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)		0210
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		02.6530
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		02.3720
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		07.3720
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		0210
Synovioma
[description not available]		0210
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		0210
Sarcoma, Synovial
A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)		0210
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		0210
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		0210
Viral Hepatitis, Human
[description not available]		03.3911
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).		03.3911
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		03.3811
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary
[description not available]		0210
Brain Stem Neoplasms
Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.		0210
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		0210
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		0210
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		0210
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		0210
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		0210
Psoriasis Arthropathica
[description not available]		0210
Arthritis, Psoriatic
A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.		0210
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		0210
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		0210
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		0210
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		0210
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		0210
Sneezing
The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		0210
Flushing
A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.		0210
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		0210
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		03.3120
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		03.3120
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		03.7621
Acrania
[description not available]		0210
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		0210
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		02.6530
Sinus Infections
[description not available]		0210
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		0210
Labor, Premature
[description not available]		02.9210
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		03.2920
Ectopic Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.9210
Hemorrhage, Uterine
[description not available]		02.9210
Placental Abruption
[description not available]		02.9210
Abruptio Placentae
Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.		02.9210
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		03.2920
Pregnancy, Ectopic
A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (		02.9210
Uterine Hemorrhage
Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.		02.9210
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		02.6530
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		02.3820
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		02.9210
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.9210
Monosomy
The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.		0210
Root Resorption
Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
Craniomandibular Diseases
[description not available]		0210
Dysesthesia
[description not available]		02.0110
Factitious Disorders
Disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are not real, genuine, or natural.		0210
HPV Infection
[description not available]		02.0110
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		02.0110
Neuroectodermal Tumors
Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.		02.0110
Hypospadias
A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.		01.9510
Anal Gland Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.		02.8710
Bullous Dermatoses
[description not available]		01.9510
Pyoderma
Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).		02.3520
Carditis
[description not available]		02.8610
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		02.8610
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		02.8610
Aneuploid
[description not available]		04.4790
Foreign Bodies
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.		02.8710
Itching
[description not available]		02.3520
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		02.3520
Cystadenocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6530
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		03.2720
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		04.5860
Essential Polyarteritis
[description not available]		03.7840
Pleural Diseases
Diseases involving the PLEURA.		01.9510
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.3520
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		03.2720
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		07.3520
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		04.5860
Pulmonary Eosinophilia
A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.		02.3520
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		06.9384
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		06.9384
Adult Fanconi Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8610
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		01.9510
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9510
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		03.82120
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction
[description not available]		03.65100
Adrenal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.		03.65100
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		01.9510
Adenitis, Salivary Gland
[description not available]		01.9510
Salivary Gland Diseases
Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.		01.9510
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		01.9510
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.8640
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		02.8640
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		01.9510
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		01.9510
Postgastrectomy Syndromes
Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.		01.9510
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		03.7840
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.8740
Heroin Abuse
[description not available]		02.8710
Heroin Dependence
Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.		02.8710
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		01.9510
Poisoning, Lead
[description not available]		01.9510
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		01.9510
Lead Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.		01.9510
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		01.9510
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		01.9510
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		02.8710
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		03.2820
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		02.8710
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
[description not available]		02.8710
Deficiency, Vitamin K
[description not available]		02.8710
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		02.8710
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.		02.8710
Vitamin K Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)		02.8710
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		01.9510
Embolus
[description not available]		01.9510
Frostbite
Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures.		01.9510
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		01.9510
Schwartzman Phenomenon
[description not available]		02.8640
Embolism, Fat
Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS.		03.2720
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		01.9510
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		01.9510
Polyploid
[description not available]		09.4350
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		02.6430
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		02.6430
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital
[description not available]		01.9510
Deficiency, Factor II
[description not available]		01.9510
Afibrinogenemia
A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood.		01.9510
Adolescent Gynecomastia
[description not available]		03.5630
Gynecomastia
Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.		03.5630
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		02.6430
Osteosclerosis
An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.		04.0230
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		01.9510
Sinoatrial Block
Disturbance in the atrial activation that is caused by transient failure of impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE to the HEART ATRIA. It is characterized by a delayed in heartbeat and pauses between P waves in an ELECTROCARDIOGRAM.		01.9510
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		01.9510
A-V Dissociation
[description not available]		01.9510
Cardiac Tamponade
Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.		02.3620
Microbial Superinvasion
[description not available]		01.9810
Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
[description not available]		01.9810
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.		01.9810
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		01.9710
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		01.9710
Poland Anomaly
[description not available]		01.9710
Cancrum Oris
[description not available]		01.9710
Esophageal Varices
[description not available]		03.7621
Icterus
[description not available]		03.3611
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).		03.7621
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		03.3611
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
[description not available]		02.8910
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.		02.8910
Infections, Mycobacterium
[description not available]		02.3620
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated
[description not available]		01.9710
Mycobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.		02.3620
Neoplasms, Nervous System
[description not available]		02.8810
Hypersensitivity, Type III
[description not available]		02.8910
DDD MPGNII
[description not available]		02.8910
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative
Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.		02.8910
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		01.9710
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		01.9710
Disgerminoma
[description not available]		02.3620
Dysgerminoma
A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)		02.3620
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.3720
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral
[description not available]		01.9710
Cerebral Arterial Diseases
Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.		01.9710
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.3720
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		01.9710
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		01.9710
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		01.9710
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy
[description not available]		01.9710
Epilepsies, Myoclonic
A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.		01.9710
Diseases of Pharynx
[description not available]		01.9710
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.		02.3620
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
[description not available]		01.9710
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.		01.9710
Fusiform Aneurysm
Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		01.9710
Aneurysm
Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.		01.9710
Ovoid Neutrophil Nuclei, Developmental Delay, Epilepsy and Skeletal Abnormalities
[description not available]		01.9610
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		01.9610
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		01.9610
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus
[description not available]		01.9610
Gasser Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9610
Glomerular Necrosis
[description not available]		01.9610
Dysentery, Bacillary
DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).		01.9610
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.		01.9610
Granulomas
[description not available]		03.0450
Blastomycosis, North American
[description not available]		01.9410
Blastomycosis
A fungal infection that may appear in two forms: 1, a primary lesion characterized by the formation of a small cutaneous nodule and small nodules along the lymphatics that may heal within several months; and 2, chronic granulomatous lesions characterized by thick crusts, warty growths, and unusual vascularity and infection in the middle or upper lobes of the lung.		01.9410
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		03.0450
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		03.7320
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		03.7320
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		03.2720
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		01.9510
Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction
Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas.		01.9510
Blood Protein Disorders
Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.		02.3520
Adenohypophyseal Diseases
[description not available]		01.9410
Pituitary Diseases
Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.		01.9410
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		02.3520
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3520
Caffey Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		02.6330
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		02.6330
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		01.9410
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		02.3520
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		01.9410
Rubeola
[description not available]		02.6330
Measles
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.		02.6330
Oral Manifestations
Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury.		01.9410
Lymphocytosis
Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.		01.9510
Bilateral Wilms Tumor
[description not available]		01.9410
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		03.5530
Mesenchymoma
A mixed mesenchymal tumor composed of two or more mesodermal cellular elements not commonly associated, not counting fibrous tissue as one of the elements. Mesenchymomas are widely distributed in the body and about 75% are malignant. (Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)		01.9410
Wilms Tumor
A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.		01.9410
Arterial Inflammation
[description not available]		02.3520
Hemiplegia, Crossed
[description not available]		01.9410
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		02.8640
Hemiplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.		01.9410
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.8640
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type
[description not available]		01.9410
Emaciation
Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION).		01.9410
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		01.9410
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		01.9410
Contracture
Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.		01.9410
Dermatomyositis
A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)		01.9410
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		01.9410
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		01.9410
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.8640
Focal Neurologic Deficits
[description not available]		01.9410
Cold Fingers, Hereditary
[description not available]		01.9410
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		01.9410
Raynaud Disease
An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.		01.9410
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
[description not available]		01.9410
Menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.		01.9410
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula.		01.9410
Pancreatic Diseases
Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.		01.9410
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		01.9410
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		01.9510
Melena
The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.		01.9510
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		01.9510
Hemorrhage, Oral
[description not available]		02.3520
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9510
Coccidioides immitis Infection
[description not available]		01.9510
Cerebral Nocardiosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Coccidioidomycosis
Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN.		01.9510
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		01.9510
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		01.9510
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		01.9510
Bronchial Diseases
Diseases involving the BRONCHI.		02.3520
Trypanosomiasis
Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.		01.9510
Ectopic Ossification
[description not available]		01.9410
Nasal Bleeding
[description not available]		02.3520
Colon Diverticula
[description not available]		01.9510
Diverticulum, Colon
A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.		01.9510
Epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose.		02.3520
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		01.9510
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		01.9510
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		01.9410
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		01.9410
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii
[description not available]		01.9410
Focal Infection
An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body.		01.9410
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		01.9410
Toxoplasmosis
The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.		01.9410
Cancer of Gallbladder
[description not available]		01.9410
Angioma, Cavernous
A tumor-like mass with large vascular space that is filled with blood or lymph.		01.9410
Atypical Lipoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.		01.9410
Lipoma
A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.		01.9410
Neuroma
A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Carcinoma, Thymic
[description not available]		01.9410
Thymoma
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Breathlessness
[description not available]		02.6430
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		02.6430
Infective Endocarditis
[description not available]		01.9410
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		01.9410
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.		01.9410
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		01.9410
Pyuria
The presence of white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) in the urine. It is often associated with bacterial infections of the urinary tract. Pyuria without BACTERIURIA can be caused by TUBERCULOSIS, stones, or cancer.		01.9410
Keratoacanthoma
A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.		01.9410
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		02.3520
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		07.3520
Laryngeal Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.		01.9410
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		01.9410
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		01.9410
Bleb
[description not available]		01.9410
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		01.9410
Kaposi Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.		01.9410
Ear Diseases
Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.		01.9410
Endometrial Diseases
[description not available]		02.3520
Uterine Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.		02.3520
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		01.9410
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Familial Mediterranean Fever
A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.		01.9410
Cyanosis
A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.		01.9410
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		01.9410
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		01.9410
Congenital Foot Deformities
[description not available]		01.9410
Hyaline Membrane Disease
A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).		01.9410
Deficiency, Pyridoxine
[description not available]		01.9410
Embryopathies
[description not available]		01.9410
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		01.9410
Splenic Rupture
Rupture of the SPLEEN due to trauma or disease.		01.9410
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)		01.9410
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		01.9410
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		01.9410
Deficiency, Folic Acid
[description not available]		02.3420
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		02.3420
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		01.9410
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410