Page last updated: 2024-12-10

ferrostatin-1

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

ferrostatin-1: inhibits ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ferrostatin-1 : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoic acid with ethanol. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, a distinct non-apoptotic form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. It is also a radical-trapping antioxidant and has the ability to reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxides and chain-carrying peroxyl radicals. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID4068248
CHEMBL ID3633556
CHEBI ID173086
SCHEMBL ID2032512
SCHEMBL ID18137149
MeSH IDM0575784

Synonyms (38)

Synonym
CHEBI:173086
fer-1
ferrostatin-1
ferrrostatin 1
347174-05-4
3-amino-4-cyclohexylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester
AKOS003388952
ethyl 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoate
S7243
ethyl 3-amino-4-cyclohexylaminobenzoate
UJHBVMHOBZBWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3-amino-4-cyclohexylaminobenzoic acid, ethyl ester
3-amino-4-cyclohexylamino-benzoic acid ethyl ester
SCHEMBL2032512
ferrostatin-1 (fer-1)
ferrostatin 1
CHEMBL3633556
SCHEMBL18137149
mfcd08072959
benzoic acid, 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)-, ethyl ester
HMS3653M21
C74788
J-019728
NCGC00370951-06
SW219400-1
BCP17366
CS-0019733
HY-100579
SB19587
CCG-267075
EX-A4243
3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)-benzoic acid, ethyl ester
SY270013
F1302
A903830
AS-57497
ethyl3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoate
AC-36537

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Studies have shown that metal particles mainly composed of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) can cause systemic and local toxic reactions due to various physical and chemical factors."( Ferrostatin-1 alleviates cytotoxicity of cobalt nanoparticles by inhibiting ferroptosis.
Liu, F; Liu, Y; Wang, C; Zhang, W; Zhu, W, 2022
)
2.16

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Cell membrane permeability is an important determinant for oral absorption and bioavailability of a drug molecule."( Highly predictive and interpretable models for PAMPA permeability.
Jadhav, A; Kerns, E; Nguyen, K; Shah, P; Sun, H; Xu, X; Yan, Z; Yu, KR, 2017
)
0.46
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019
)
0.51
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (6)

RoleDescription
ferroptosis inhibitorAny substance that inhibits the process of ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms.
radiation protective agentAny compound that is able to protect normal cells from the damage caused by radiation therapy.
antioxidantA substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
radical scavengerA role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals.
antifungal agentAn antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce.
neuroprotective agentAny compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
substituted aniline
ethyl esterAny carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol.
primary arylamineA primary amine formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an aryl group. R-NH2 where R is an aryl group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.99910.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency5.35470.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency9.52210.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.35470.00339.158239.8107AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.35470.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.35470.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.35470.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (45)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT proteinInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-betaInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replicationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic processInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
humoral immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independentHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergyHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
defense responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacteriumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiationHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class IbHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (18)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytokine activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (22)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular spaceInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complexHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar centerInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (49)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1363752Kinetic solubility in PBS at pH 7.4 after 2 hrs by turbidimetric method2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1742825Induction of ferroptosis in human T-24 cells assessed as increase in intracellular iron level at 0.2 uM by ICP-MS analysis (Rvb = 860.2 +/- 62.3 pg)2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 205Synthesis and in vitro anti-bladder cancer activity evaluation of quinazolinyl-arylurea derivatives.
AID1511937Inhibition of PMA-induced NETosis in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of ROS production at 25 uM pretreated for 25 mins followed by PMA stimulation and measured after 20 mins by DCFH-DA based flow cytometry2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-12, Volume: 10, Issue:9
Development of a Water-Soluble Indolylmaleimide Derivative IM-93 Showing Dual Inhibition of Ferroptosis and NETosis.
AID1727548Protection against TNFalpha/Smac-mimetic/Z-VAD-FMK-induced necroptosis in human HT-29 cells assessed as cell viability at 10 uM2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 209Structure-activity relationship studies of phenothiazine derivatives as a new class of ferroptosis inhibitors together with the therapeutic effect in an ischemic stroke model.
AID1255576Antileishmanial activity against promastigote stage of Leishmania major Friedlin clone V1 assessed as parasite survival after 72 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Novel arylalkylamine compounds exhibits potent selective antiparasitic activity against Leishmania major.
AID1901979Antioxidant activity assessed as free radical scavenging activity incubated for 30 mins under dark condition by DPPH assay2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231Discovery of novel diphenylbutene derivative ferroptosis inhibitors as neuroprotective agents.
AID1286195Antiferroptotic activity in human IMR32 neuroblastoma cells assessed as inhibition of erastin-induced cell death preincubated for 1 hr before erastin stimulation and measured after 13 hrs by fluorescence plate reader method2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5
Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Improved Potency and ADME Properties.
AID1727570Inhibition of rotenone-induced oxidative cell death in human HT-1080 cells at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 209Structure-activity relationship studies of phenothiazine derivatives as a new class of ferroptosis inhibitors together with the therapeutic effect in an ischemic stroke model.
AID1901969Anti-ferroptotic activity against siRNA-mediated GPX4 knockdown induced ferroptosis in human HT-1080 cells at 1 uM preincubated for 12 hrs in Opti-MEM medium followed by compound addition and measured after 36 hrs2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231Discovery of novel diphenylbutene derivative ferroptosis inhibitors as neuroprotective agents.
AID1725773Inhibition of erastin-induced cell death in FRDA patient-derived fibroblast assessed as depletion of cellular ATP incubated for 12 hrs followed by erastin stimulation and measured after by luciferase-linked ATPase enzymatic assay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-12, Volume: 11, Issue:11
Antiferroptotic Activity of Phenothiazine Analogues: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Oxidative Stress Related Disease.
AID1511931Inhibition of TBHP-induced ferroptosis in mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 12 hrs by WST-8 assay2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-12, Volume: 10, Issue:9
Development of a Water-Soluble Indolylmaleimide Derivative IM-93 Showing Dual Inhibition of Ferroptosis and NETosis.
AID1286201Antiferroptotic activity in human HT1080 cells assessed as inhibition of erastin-induced cell death by Alamar blue assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5
Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Improved Potency and ADME Properties.
AID1363755Half life in mouse liver microsomes at 10 uM in presence of NADPH regenerating system by LC/MS/MS analysis2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1363757Metabolic stability in rat plasma assessed as compound recovery at 50 uM after 6 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1827456Lipophilicity, log P of the compound2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Synthesis and Optimization of Nitroxide-Based Inhibitors of Ferroptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells and Macrophages.
AID1286197Half life in human liver microsomes by LC/MS/MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5
Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Improved Potency and ADME Properties.
AID1363754Half life in rat liver microsomes at 10 uM in presence of NADPH regenerating system by LC/MS/MS analysis2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1827452Anti-ferroptotic activity against Erastin-induced ferroptosis in human HT-1080 cells assessed as cell activity measured after 24 hrs by Cell Titer-Glo luminescent assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Synthesis and Optimization of Nitroxide-Based Inhibitors of Ferroptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells and Macrophages.
AID1727571Inhibition of H2O2-induced oxidative cell death in human HT-1080 cells at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 209Structure-activity relationship studies of phenothiazine derivatives as a new class of ferroptosis inhibitors together with the therapeutic effect in an ischemic stroke model.
AID1286199Stability in human plasma assessed as percentage recovery after 6 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5
Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Improved Potency and ADME Properties.
AID1511930Inhibition of erastin-induced ferroptosis in mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 24 hrs by WST-8 assay2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-12, Volume: 10, Issue:9
Development of a Water-Soluble Indolylmaleimide Derivative IM-93 Showing Dual Inhibition of Ferroptosis and NETosis.
AID1363763In vivo inhibition of iron sulphate-induced ferroptosis in C57BL/6N mouse assessed as LDH levels in plasma at 20 umol/kg, iv administered 15 mins prior to acute iron poisoning and measured after 2 hrs (Rvb = 3572 +/- 185 U/L)2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1901973Reduction in ROS accumulation in RSL-3 treated human HT-22 cells assessed as reduction in fluorescence intensity at 1 uM incubated for 4 hrs by C11-BODIPY staining based confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231Discovery of novel diphenylbutene derivative ferroptosis inhibitors as neuroprotective agents.
AID1511934Inhibition of PMA-induced NETosis in human neutrophils at 2.5 uM preincubated for 30 mins followed by PMA stimulation and measured after 3 hrs by Hoechst 33242 staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-12, Volume: 10, Issue:9
Development of a Water-Soluble Indolylmaleimide Derivative IM-93 Showing Dual Inhibition of Ferroptosis and NETosis.
AID1511936Inhibition of PMA-induced superoxide production in C57BL6 mouse neutrophils at 2.5 uM preincubated for 30 mins followed by PMA stimulation and measured after 30 mins by luminol-lucignenin based luminescence assay2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-12, Volume: 10, Issue:9
Development of a Water-Soluble Indolylmaleimide Derivative IM-93 Showing Dual Inhibition of Ferroptosis and NETosis.
AID1286196Kinetic solubility of the compound in PBS buffer at pH 7.4 after 2 hrs at 37 deg C by turbidimetric analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5
Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Improved Potency and ADME Properties.
AID1286198Half life in mouse liver microsomes by LC/MS/MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5
Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Improved Potency and ADME Properties.
AID1725772Anti-ferroptotic activity in FRDA patient-derived Lymphocyte assessed as reduction in RSL3-induced lipid peroxidation incubated for overnight followed by RSL3 stimulation and measured after 90 mins by FACS analysis2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-12, Volume: 11, Issue:11
Antiferroptotic Activity of Phenothiazine Analogues: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Oxidative Stress Related Disease.
AID1363762Inhibition of ferrous ammonium sulphate-induced ferroptosis in human IMR32 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by erastin stimulation and measured after 13 hrs by sytox green-based fluorescence assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1869776Anti-ferroptotic activity against RSL3-induced ferroptosis in human HT-22 cells assessed as cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay2022Journal of natural products, 07-22, Volume: 85, Issue:7
Ferroptosis Inhibitory Aromatic Abietane Diterpenoids from
AID1286200Stability in mouse plasma assessed as percentage recovery after 6 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5
Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Improved Potency and ADME Properties.
AID1727546Inhibition of erastin-induced ferroptosis in human HT-1080 cells assessed as cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 209Structure-activity relationship studies of phenothiazine derivatives as a new class of ferroptosis inhibitors together with the therapeutic effect in an ischemic stroke model.
AID1363758Metabolic stability in mouse plasma assessed as compound recovery at 50 uM after 6 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1511941Inhibition of PMA-induced NETosis in human neutrophils assessed as reduction in lipid peroxidation at 2.5 uM preincubated for 30 mins followed by PMA stimulation measured after 30 mins by C11-Bodipy fluorescent dye based flow cytometry2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-12, Volume: 10, Issue:9
Development of a Water-Soluble Indolylmaleimide Derivative IM-93 Showing Dual Inhibition of Ferroptosis and NETosis.
AID1255578Cytotoxicity against monkey LLC-MK2 cells after 96 hrs by Alamar Blue assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 25, Issue:22
Novel arylalkylamine compounds exhibits potent selective antiparasitic activity against Leishmania major.
AID1511932Inhibition of PMA-induced NETosis in human neutrophils at 25 uM preincubated for 30 mins followed by PMA stimulation and measured after 3 hrs by Hoechst 33242 staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-12, Volume: 10, Issue:9
Development of a Water-Soluble Indolylmaleimide Derivative IM-93 Showing Dual Inhibition of Ferroptosis and NETosis.
AID1827453Anti-ferroptotic activity against RSL-3 induced ferroptosis in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell activity measured after 24 hrs by Cell Titer-Glo luminescent assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:3
Synthesis and Optimization of Nitroxide-Based Inhibitors of Ferroptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells and Macrophages.
AID1363756Metabolic stability in human plasma assessed as compound recovery at 50 uM after 6 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1901970Anti-ferroptotic activity against RSL-3-induced morphological changes in human HT-22 cells assessed as retention of cell morphology at 1 uM measured after 24 hrs2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231Discovery of novel diphenylbutene derivative ferroptosis inhibitors as neuroprotective agents.
AID1363753Half life in human liver microsomes at 10 uM in presence of NADPH regenerating system by LC/MS/MS analysis2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1363751Inhibition of erastin-induced ferroptosis in human IMR32 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by erastin stimulation and measured after 13 hrs by sytox green-based fluorescence assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22
Discovery of Novel, Drug-Like Ferroptosis Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1508612NCATS Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) Profiling2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3
Highly predictive and interpretable models for PAMPA permeability.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1645848NCATS Kinetic Aqueous Solubility Profiling2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14
Predictive models of aqueous solubility of organic compounds built on A large dataset of high integrity.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1508591NCATS Rat Liver Microsome Stability Profiling2020Scientific reports, 11-26, Volume: 10, Issue:1
Retrospective assessment of rat liver microsomal stability at NCATS: data and QSAR models.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (175)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's49 (28.00)24.3611
2020's126 (72.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 49.02

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index49.02 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.18 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.84 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index76.59 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (49.02)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews10 (5.68%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other166 (94.32%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]