Page last updated: 2024-08-05 14:32:04

signalling molecule

A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell.

ChEBI ID: 62488

Members (17)

MemberDefinitionClass
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanoneA differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one
1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl-)-1-pentanoneA differentiation-inducing factor that is pentaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentan-1-one
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinoloneA quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone
8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphateA 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in which the hydrogen at position 8 on the purine fragment has been replaced by a nitro group.8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
arachidonoylserotoninAn N-acylserotonin obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the primary amino group of serotonin.N-arachidonoylserotonin
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acidA cyclic purine dinucleotide that is the 3',5'-cyclic dimer of MP.c-di-GMP
carbon monoxideA one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.carbon monoxide
cyclic 3',5'-uridine monophosphateA 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having uridine as the nucleobase.3',5'-cyclic UMP
gamma-aminobutyric acidA gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion; gamma-aminobutyric acid
hydrogen sulfideA sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.hydrogen sulfide
my 12-62cA quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2.2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline; 2-heptyl-4-quinolone
my 12-62cA monohydroxyquinoline that is 4-hydroxyquinoline bearing an additional heptyl substituent at position 2.2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline; 2-heptyl-4-quinolone
naadpA nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group.nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate
s-nitrosoglutathioneA glutathione derivative that is glutathione in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur has been replaced by a nitroso group.S-nitrosoglutathione
sphingosine 1-phosphateA phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1sphingosine 1-phosphate
tretinoinA retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.all-trans-retinoic acid
tropodithietic acidA monocarboxylic acid that is 8,9-dithiabicyclo[5.2.0]nona-1,3,6-triene substituted by a carboxy group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 3. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic produced by the marine bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens that also acts as a signalling molecule at lower concentrations.tropodithietic acid

Research

Studies (100,496)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-199022,024 (21.92)18.7374
1990's19,212 (19.12)18.2507
2000's25,045 (24.92)29.6817
2010's26,934 (26.80)24.3611
2020's7,281 (7.25)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials3,311 (3.15%)5.53%
Reviews10,267 (9.75%)6.00%
Case Studies2,848 (2.71%)4.05%
Observational135 (0.13%)0.25%
Other88,690 (84.27%)84.16%

Protein Targets (249)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency58.299312
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.518214
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1Plasmodium falciparum 3D7Potency1.778311
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.4064715
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.115023
arylsulfatase AHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.492111
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.457512
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.412212
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency26.409622
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.144823
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.013024
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency41.577413
caspase-3Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency68.519911
Caspase-7Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency68.519911
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency55.947024
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency8.912511
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency35.716812
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency14.250022
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.912511
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.099022
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.540411
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810722
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.497111
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.849311
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.109211
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.47711129
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.187726
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.99701022
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.172817
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.386049
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency27.540411
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.810711
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.926434
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency9.032337
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.251211
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency58.307912
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.218813
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.032311
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency49.642826
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.716812
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.079411
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.540411
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.045624
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.251222
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.032311
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.540412
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.540411
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.815712
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency47.281024
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.127426
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))Potency7.079511
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency41.314548
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.264311
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency6.390313
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.077839
ParkinHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.662611
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.128422
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.8468410
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.143935
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency79.432811
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.805525
pregnane X receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency37.618812
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency3.974326
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.295414
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.0429310
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.411038
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.192311
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.032311
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.323626
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency35.481311
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency22.960024
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency30.677638
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.977722
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.892444
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency37.911711
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.122011
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency67.833412
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency47.393612
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency0.218813

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
10 kDa chaperonin Escherichia coliIC5013.850022
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC505.300011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.000511
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.358011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.228011
60 kDa chaperoninEscherichia coli K-12IC50250.000011
60 kDa chaperonin Escherichia coliIC5013.850022
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC505.300011
Adenosine receptor A3Homo sapiens (human)IC505.275011
Adenosine receptor A3Homo sapiens (human)Ki2.982011
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC505.275011
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorBos taurus (cattle)Ki0.000411
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.745824
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC505.275011
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.745824
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.000413
Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)IC503.000011
Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.180011
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000011
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC5071.500022
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000011
Carbonic anhydraseMethanosarcina thermophilaKi50.000011
Carbonic anhydraseMethanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta HKi700.000011
Carbonic anhydraseStylophora pistillataKi3,940.000011
Carbonic anhydrase Stylophora pistillataKi580.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.600088
Carbonic anhydrase 13Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki5,200.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki35.866799
Carbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)Ki3,900.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000022
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000022
Carbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki710.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki1,240.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)Ki7.000011
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus XCL-2Ki1.100011
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1Gallus gallus (chicken)IC500.523333
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-betaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.280011
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5011.200033
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC504.367534
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0323912
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.03321012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0333911
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki700.024733
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit thetaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.116522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.029244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.029244
Histone deacetylase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Histone deacetylase 11 Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Histone deacetylase 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Histone deacetylase 3Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Histone deacetylase 4Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Histone deacetylase 5Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Histone deacetylase 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Histone deacetylase 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Histone deacetylase 8Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Histone deacetylase 9Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50301.300011
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2Mus musculus (house mouse)IC5028.700011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.576011
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000011
Nuclear receptor ROR-alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.199511
Nuclear receptor ROR-betaHomo sapiens (human)IC5012.622422
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.199511
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.820011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.820011
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.190011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC505.000011
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki4,000.000011
Retinoic acid receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC502.254244
Retinoic acid receptor alphaMus musculus (house mouse)IC500.005733
Retinoic acid receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.068833
Retinoic acid receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.753744
Retinoic acid receptor betaMus musculus (house mouse)IC500.005022
Retinoic acid receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.009533
Retinoic acid receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)IC500.004022
Retinoic acid receptor gamma Homo sapiens (human)IC500.006433
Retinoic acid receptor gamma Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.005644
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC501.000011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaMus musculus (house mouse)IC5018.000033
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.226833
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-betaHomo sapiens (human)IC501.000011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-betaMus musculus (house mouse)IC5050.000011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-betaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.311833
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.350011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gammaMus musculus (house mouse)IC5050.000011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.136533
RocRPseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1IC500.020011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporterHomo sapiens (human)IC5015.87713057
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporterRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.020011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC505.262345
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC5010.324156
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.1520515
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5026.000011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2Mus musculus (house mouse)IC5020.721433
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.510022
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3Homo sapiens (human)IC505.396245
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3Mus musculus (house mouse)IC5017.574333
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.020011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporterHomo sapiens (human)IC50354.000011
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)IC500.023011
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.000866
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.001944
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3Homo sapiens (human)IC500.000466
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)IC500.052277
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5Homo sapiens (human)IC500.002055
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferaseHomo sapiens (human)IC5091.000011
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1Homo sapiens (human)IC504.635034

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.000422
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2Mus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.002022
Cytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)EC500.000511
Cytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)EC500.000611
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)EC500.001211
Cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)EC500.000211
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)EC500.001511
Gamma-aminobutyric acid Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)EC5020.7620913
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC506.150022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)EC5010.151468
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)EC508.781868
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)EC5016.000956
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Homo sapiens (human)EC507.009156
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Homo sapiens (human)EC5010.022544
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)EC5024.849645
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)EC505.38241322
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC502.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)EC5026.787899
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaMus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)EC5013.62891727
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC502.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piMus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1Homo sapiens (human)EC500.527569
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1Homo sapiens (human)Kd1.700011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2Homo sapiens (human)Kd1.700011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3Homo sapiens (human)Kd1.700011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit thetaMus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)EC501.115022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)EC500.530011
Hsf1 proteinMus musculus (house mouse)EC50195.000011
LysR family transcriptional regulator Pseudomonas aeruginosaKd0.210011
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)EC5018.000011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.800011
Platelet glycoprotein VIHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.041111
Retinoic acid receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.16741818
Retinoic acid receptor alphaMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.008233
Retinoic acid receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.01021012
Retinoic acid receptor alphaMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.015011
Retinoic acid receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.03441919
Retinoic acid receptor betaMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.001233
Retinoic acid receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00861113
Retinoic acid receptor betaMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.013011
Retinoic acid receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.000422
Retinoic acid receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.018011
Retinoic acid receptor gamma Homo sapiens (human)EC500.01161616
Retinoic acid receptor gamma Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.01031214
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.614178
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaMus musculus (house mouse)EC502.000011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.068168
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaMus musculus (house mouse)Kd1.000011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-betaHomo sapiens (human)EC501.049644
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-betaMus musculus (house mouse)EC501.211011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-betaHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.000011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-betaMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.653022
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.856844
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gammaMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.483522
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.153022
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.350011
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)EC500.001111
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC500.00671515
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)EC500.009777
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3Homo sapiens (human)EC500.00871313
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)EC500.127066
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5Homo sapiens (human)EC500.023588
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1Mus musculus (house mouse)EC5014.300011
Stimulator of interferon genes proteinHomo sapiens (human)EC5040.028366
Stimulator of interferon genes proteinHomo sapiens (human)Kd2.207544
Stimulator of interferon genes proteinMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.110011
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5025.000011
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50116.000011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Km1,950.000022
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrialSus scrofa (pig)Km1,875.000044
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1Gallus gallus (chicken)ID501.000011
Ornithine decarboxylaseMus musculus (house mouse)ID500.000111
Ornithine decarboxylaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)ID500.000011
Retinoic acid receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)EC300.001022
Retinoic acid receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Relative EC300.002222
Retinoic acid receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Relative IC500.000922
Retinoic acid receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)EC300.000822
Retinoic acid receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)Relative EC300.001622
Retinoic acid receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)Relative IC500.000722
Retinoic acid receptor gamma Homo sapiens (human)EC300.000222
Retinoic acid receptor gamma Homo sapiens (human)Relative EC300.000622
Retinoic acid receptor gamma Homo sapiens (human)Relative IC500.000722